System and method for controlling a dual cell bank battery

Abstract

A system and method for managing the fluctuating load that may be applied to a dual-cell bank battery includes a dual-cell bank battery comprising a primary battery cell pack and a protective battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack at least partially encompassing the primary battery cell pack. The battery management system determines which battery cell pack (either the primary battery cell pack or the protective battery cell pack) should be enabled to receive the load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] (Cross - Reference to Related Applications) This application claims the priority and benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 464,166, filed on May 4, 2023. The content of the above application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this specification.

[0002] (Field of the Invention) The present disclosure relates to dual - cell bank batteries, and more particularly, to systems and methods for managing variable loads that can be applied to dual - cell bank batteries.

Background Art

[0003] The description in this section merely provides background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

[0004] Electric vehicles (EVs) use rechargeable batteries to power the vehicle, while conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles use engines powered by hydrocarbon fuels. The absence of hydrocarbon fuels in the operation of the vehicle can provide a number of benefits (such as reduced emissions), but EVs have other issues such as limited range for recharging the battery and charging stations. In addition, to reduce the risk of battery combustion in impact events, a protective structure is often added to the battery. However, the protective structure adds weight to the vehicle, which can further reduce the range and functionality of the vehicle and the battery that powers it. In some situations, the protective structure added to the battery does not completely reduce the risk of battery combustion, such as during impact events.

[0005] The present disclosure addresses these problems related to the use and operation of rechargeable batteries in EVs.

Summary of the Invention

[0006] This section provides a general overview of this disclosure and does not constitute a comprehensive disclosure of its entire scope or all of its features.

[0007] A system and method are provided for managing the fluctuating load applied to a dual-cell bank battery. In one embodiment, the dual-cell bank battery comprises a first battery cell pack and a second battery cell pack. As an example, the second battery cell pack encloses or at least partially encloses the first battery cell pack. As another example, the second battery cell pack includes an electrolyte additive so that dynamic shocks to the dual-cell bank battery can be mitigated.

[0008] In another embodiment, the battery management system receives a load from the inverter. For example, the load may be a current value, a temperature value, and / or a voltage value. The battery management system determines the specific value of the load. Based on the value of the load, the battery management system sends the load to either the first battery cell pack or the second battery cell pack. For example, if the load has a high value or exceeds a predetermined value, the battery management system sends the load to the first battery cell pack. Alternatively, if the load has a low value, for example, below a predetermined value, the battery management system sends the load to the second battery cell pack.

[0009] This disclosure relates to a battery management system configured to identify a load, determine a value of the load based on the load, and send the load to a primary battery cell pack or a protective battery cell pack based on the value of the load, wherein the protective battery cell pack comprises a battery management system which at least partially encloses the primary battery cell pack and includes an electrolyte additive; a primary battery cell pack configured to receive a load in response to the battery management system determining that the value of the load exceeds a predetermined threshold; and a protective battery cell pack configured to receive a load in response to the battery management system determining that the value of the load falls below a predetermined threshold, wherein the battery management system comprises at least one of a field-effect transistor and a shunt, the shunt further comprises an inverter configured to identify a load received from an inverter and send the load to the battery management system, the primary battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof, wherein the load is a current load, a temperature load, or a voltage load, and the primary battery cell pack is further configured to output a corrected amperage of the load. The corrected amperage indicates a range value associated with the use of the primary battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack is further configured to output the corrected amperage of the load, the corrected amperage indicates a range value associated with the use of the protective battery cell pack, the battery management system is further configured to switch between the protective battery cell pack and the primary battery cell pack based on a current load sensing algorithm, the battery management system is further configured to monitor the load associated with the primary battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof, the battery management system is further configured to redirect the load from the protective battery cell pack to the primary battery cell pack, the load redirection is based on load monitoring, the load redirection is further based on a determination that the current health of the protective battery cell pack is insufficient to handle the load, and the battery management system is further configured to handle the load associated with the primary battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof.The battery management system is further configured to determine the current health associated with the protective battery cell pack based on the charge state of the protective battery cell pack, the internal cell temperature of the protective battery cell pack, the impedance associated with the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof; the battery management system is further configured to send a load to the primary battery cell pack based on the determination that the current health of the protective battery cell pack is insufficient to receive the load; the battery management system is further configured to send a load to the protective battery cell pack based on the determination that the current health of the protective battery cell pack is sufficient to receive the load; the battery management system is further configured to open a field-effect transistor associated with the primary battery cell pack based on an algorithm in response to the battery management system determining that the load value exceeds a predetermined threshold; and the battery management system is further configured to open a field-effect transistor associated with the protective battery cell pack based on an algorithm in response to the battery management system determining that the load value falls below a predetermined threshold.

[0010] Further applicable areas will become apparent from the descriptions provided herein. Please understand that the descriptions and specific examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] To ensure that this disclosure can be fully understood, various forms of this disclosure, given as examples, will be described with reference to the attached drawings. [Figure 1] This is a perspective view of the dual-cell bank battery as disclosed herein. [Figure 2] This is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system as described in this disclosure. [Figure 3] This flowchart illustrates an exemplary method for managing load.

[0012] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure in any way. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] The following descriptions are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the disclosure, use, or application. Throughout the drawings, it should be understood that corresponding reference numerals indicate similar or corresponding parts and features.

[0014] Various examples described herein provide “dual” cell bank battery packs and associated battery management systems (BMS), in which a standard battery pack bank is surrounded by a protective ballistic-resistant secondary battery pack bank (also referred to as a protective battery cell pack) containing cells with ballistic energy reduction chemicals. Various designs of protective battery cell packs are illustrated and described in U.S. Patents 9,590,274, 10,347,934, 10,637,100, 11,233,271, and 10,347,945, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0015] The BMS, which triggers the use of conventional cells under high discharge requirements, is located either layered with or adjacent to the battery pack. In one embodiment, the BMS is configured to utilize a dedicated current load sensing algorithm that can switch between a protected battery cell pack and a standard battery cell pack with the same electrode chemical composition. In another embodiment, the BMS is configured to utilize a dedicated current load sensing algorithm that can switch between a protected battery cell pack and a standard battery cell pack with different electrode chemical compositions.

[0016] Referring to Figure 1, a dual cell bank battery according to this disclosure is illustrated and generally indicated by reference no. 100. In some embodiments, the dual cell bank battery 100 is a dual cell bank ballistic battery comprising a first battery cell pack 105 (e.g., a primary battery cell pack) and a second battery cell pack 110 (e.g., a protective battery cell pack). The first battery cell pack 105 may be a battery cell pack formed or formulated based on a standard chemical composition for the type of battery that may be used. For example, the first battery cell pack 105 may be a lithium-ion battery or a sodium-ion battery. However, it should be understood that any battery type may be used with respect to the teachings of this disclosure. Also, it should be understood that the standard chemical compositions that may be used for lithium-ion batteries or sodium-ion batteries may vary over time, and therefore, the specific battery chemical compositions described herein should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. In this embodiment, the first battery cell pack 105 comprises a plurality of first batteries 115, and each battery of the plurality of first batteries 115 may be positioned perpendicularly to the second battery cell pack 110. However, it should be understood that the batteries 115 may be packaged in any orientation or combination of orientations, while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.

[0017] The second battery cell pack 110 is a battery cell pack formed or formulated based on a different chemical composition from the chemical composition used to formulate the first battery cell pack 105. However, it should be understood that the second battery cell pack 110 may be formed or formulated from the same chemical composition as the chemical composition used to formulate the first battery cell pack 105. For example, the second battery cell pack 110 may be a lithium-ion battery or a sodium-ion battery. However, it should be understood that any battery type may be used. If the second battery cell pack 110 is a lithium-ion battery, an electrolyte additive may be added. The electrolyte additive may be included in the standard chemical formulation of the second battery cell pack 110 so that the effects of dynamic shock on the second battery cell pack 110 may be mitigated. In one embodiment, the second battery cell pack 110 may be susceptible to combustion caused by dynamic shock applied to the second battery cell pack 110 in the absence of the electrolyte additive. In another embodiment, an electrolyte additive may provide ballistic properties to the dual cell bank battery 100, and therefore, the use of a protective structure may not be necessary to protect the dual cell bank battery 100. The second battery cell pack 110 may consist of a second plurality of batteries 120, each of which may be positioned in a horizontal orientation relative to the first battery cell pack 105. Thus, in some examples, a stacked or sandwich arrangement is provided.

[0018] In this configuration, the first battery cell pack 105 and the second battery cell pack 110 are arranged between the first end plate 125 and the second end plate 130. As an example, each of the first end plate 125 and the second end plate 130 is formed from a material such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, steel, or stainless steel. As a further example, each of the first end plate 125 and the second end plate 130 is formed from a composite material including a polymer matrix such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). It is understood that the entire dual cell bank battery 100 may be arranged within a protective casing (not shown). It is also understood that while electrolyte additives may provide an arrangement where a protective structure is not required, a protective casing may still be used to further protect the dual cell bank battery 100. It should also be understood that protective casings can be formed from non-metallic materials such as polymers (thermoplastic or thermosetting materials) and fiber-reinforced polymers.

[0019] Figure 1 also shows a plurality of vents (e.g., 135a, 135b, 135c) provided in the second end plate 130 (e.g., perforated or formed) to dissipate heat to mitigate any overheating of the dual cell bank battery 100 during operation. In one embodiment, the plurality of vents (e.g., 135a, 135b, 135c) are provided in the second end plate 130 to allow gas expansion in the event of unexpected performance degradation or thermal runaway. However, it should be understood that the plurality of vents (e.g., 135a, 135b, 135c) may be provided in various locations, for example, in the first end plate 125, or in locations including both the first end plate 125 and the second end plate 130. It should also be understood that the plurality of vents (e.g., 135a, 135b, 135c) may also have a variety of configurations including Schrader valves and any other ventilation mechanisms.

[0020] In one embodiment, the second battery cell pack 110 is disposed on top of (in some examples, in contact with) the first battery cell pack 105, and the second battery cell pack 110 encloses the entire first battery cell pack 105, except for any number of incorporated design features, including but not limited to any number of ventilation passages (e.g., completely encloses or wraps around the first battery cell pack 105). It should be understood that the second battery cell pack 110 may partially enclose the first battery cell pack 105, i.e., the entire surface except for one side (or a portion of one side). In general, and in some possible packaging configurations, the second battery cell pack 110 is configured to mitigate overheating of the first battery cell pack 105. The second battery cell pack 110 is electrically connected to the first battery cell pack 105 via a negative terminal (not shown) and a positive terminal (not shown).

[0021] Referring to Figure 2, in some examples, each of the first battery cell pack 105 and the second battery cell pack 110 is managed by a respective battery management system that together forms a battery control system 200 (or other controller) that provides overall battery control for both the first battery cell pack 105 and the second battery cell pack 110. For example, the first battery cell pack 105 is managed by the first battery management system 205, and the second battery cell pack 110 is managed by the second battery management system 210. It should also be understood that each of the respective battery management systems is either physically coupled to the dual cell bank battery enclosure 140 or physically isolated as a remote secondary enclosure (not shown). However, it should also be understood that each of the first battery cell pack 105 and the second battery cell pack 110 can be managed by a single battery management system.

[0022] Each of the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 has a control unit (not shown) that communicates with each of the first battery cell packs 105 and the second battery cell packs 110, respectively. In one embodiment, the control unit is a local control unit configured to monitor the current, voltage, and / or temperature of each of the first battery cell packs 105 and the second battery cell packs 110 via a shunt (not shown). It should be understood that the first battery management system 205 may have a first shunt (not shown), and the second battery management system 210 may have a second shunt (not shown). It should be further understood that the control unit may monitor the current, voltage, and / or temperature of each of the first plurality of batteries 115 and each of the second plurality of batteries 120. It should be further understood that the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 are configured, respectively, to redirect any of the loads associated with current, voltage, and / or temperature from the second battery cell pack 105 to the first battery cell pack 110 based on a determination (e.g., by either the first battery management system 205 or the second battery management system 210) that the current health of the second battery cell pack 110 is insufficient to handle the load.

[0023] Each of the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 is communicably coupled to the inverter 215 via the communication bus 220. However, it is understood that each of the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 can be interconnected to any power conducting component, not limited to just the inverter. The inverter 215 sends a current load, a voltage load, and / or a temperature load to each of the first battery cell pack 105 and the second battery cell pack 110. The inverter 215 supplies a charge of a positive orientation to each of the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 via the positive current path 225. The inverter 215 also supplies a charge of a negative orientation to each of the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 via the negative current path 230. It should be understood that each of the positive current path 225 and the negative current path 230 can be generated from the positive lead (not shown) and the negative lead (not shown) of the inverter 215 respectively. It should also be understood that each of the first battery management system 205 and / or the second battery management system 210 is configured to process a charge of a negative and / or positive orientation, as well as a current load, a voltage load, a temperature load, or a combination thereof.

[0024] In one embodiment, each of the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 has at least one field-effect transistor (FET) (not shown). For example, the FET may be a metal-insulator-semiconductor-FET (MOSFET). Each of the first battery management system 205 and the second battery management system 210 senses a current-based differential processed from the inverter 215 via at least one FET. Based on the current-based differential, a control process, such as that implemented as the algorithm described in Figure 3, determines whether the first battery management system 205 or the second battery management system 210 should activate either the first battery cell pack 105 or the second battery cell pack 110. For example, if the algorithm determines that the first battery management system 205 should be activated, the first battery management system 205 opens at least one FET of the first battery management system 205 so that the first battery cell pack 105 can receive the current processed from the inverter 215. As another example, if the algorithm determines that the second battery management system 210 should be enabled, the second battery management system 210 opens at least one FET of the second battery management system 210 so that the second battery cell pack 110 can receive the current processed from the inverter 215.

[0025] Referring to FIG. 3, a process 300 is illustrated in which a control unit of either the first battery management system 205 or the second battery management system 210 processes the current, voltage, and / or temperature received from the inverter 215 (e.g., depicts the data flow of BMS control in high current and low current draw states). It should be understood that process 300 can be implemented through instructions derived from an algorithm. In step 305, the shunt identifies the electrical load received from the inverter 215. The electrical load can indicate, for example, a current-based differential. When the shunt receives a high current load, in step 310, the current is directed or sent towards the first battery cell pack 105. For example, a high current load is a value that exceeds the potential inherent to the chemical composition of a given battery cell. By way of example and depending on the battery chemistry, the upper voltage threshold is from about 3.1V to about 3.7V, and the lower threshold is from about 2.5V to about 2.75V. (The upper and lower threshold values are also referred to herein as predetermined threshold values). Further, the lower threshold should be understood as a load such that the voltage value inherent to the chemical composition of a given battery cell drops to near the optimal potential.

[0026] Next, in step 315, the first battery cell pack 105 is engaged. In step 320, the first battery cell pack 105 outputs a corrected number of amperes. The corrected number of amperes is generally a number of amperes having a value within the acceptable parameters for proper operation / utilization of the first battery cell pack 105. In other words, the corrected number of amperes indicates a value within the range associated with the utilization of the primary battery pack or the protection battery pack.

[0027] Alternatively, if the shunt is subjected to a low current load, in step 325, the current is directed to or sent to the second battery cell pack 110, at which point the health of the second battery cell pack 110 may be evaluated to determine whether the current health of the second battery cell pack 110 is qualified to engage the second battery cell pack 110. For example, a low current load is a value that drops to a suboptimal potential considering the voltage values ​​inherent to the chemical composition of a given battery cell. It is understood that the evaluation of the second battery cell pack 110 is determined based on the charge state (adjusted Pekert exponent), internal cell temperature, impedance, or any other conventional method. For example, the current health of the second battery cell pack 110 may be determined in step 330 to be sufficient to enable a sustained current load to pass through the second battery cell pack 110. As another example, the current health of the second battery cell pack 110 may be determined in step 335 to be sufficient to enable a transient current load to pass through the second battery cell pack 110. In either case (step 330 and / or step 335), if the health of the second battery cell pack 110 is determined to be sufficient to enable it, the second battery cell pack 110 may output a corrected amperage in step 320. It is understood that the corrected amperage may be a value within the acceptable parameters for the proper use of the second battery cell pack 105.

[0028] If, in either step 330 or step 335, it is determined that the health of the second battery cell pack 110 is insufficient to be activated, the current load may be redirected to the first battery cell pack 105 so that the first battery cell pack 105 can be activated.

[0029] In various examples, the battery and control arrangements and configurations described herein may be designed to operate at different C rates, including those exceeding 2C. For example, the second battery cell pack 110 may, in some applications, be limited to C rates below 2C. In one or more embodiments, the examples described herein "combine" different battery packs (e.g., ballistic-configured batteries and conventional batteries) to enable operation in different applications. In some examples, the second battery cell pack 110 is jacketed around the first battery cell pack 105, and a BMS is installed on top of the arrangement or system to "turn off" the second battery cell pack 110 when high C-rate discharge is required. In some examples, the BMS is communicatively coupled to one or more components or control units of the dual-cell bank battery 100.

[0030] An operating environment that facilitates the execution of the systems and methods described herein may incorporate any of the components and / or functionalities described herein. More specifically, the systems and methods described herein can be implemented on a computing device. For example, a computing device may be a personal computer, desktop, laptop, tablet, handheld computer, server, workstation, mainframe, wearable computer, supercomputer, or a combination thereof. However, the foregoing examples of what a computing device may be are not exhaustive, and it should be understood that a computing device can be any relevant device. A computing device generally includes a processor, a display adapter, one or more input / output ports, one or more input / output components, a network adapter, a power supply, and memory. However, it should be understood that a computing device may include any additional components internally and is not required to include any of the listed components (e.g., a processor, a display adapter, one or more input / output ports, one or more input / output components, a network adapter, a power supply, and memory).

[0031] A processor is configured to provide instructions and / or processing power to a computing device so that the computing device can handle one or more tasks, including embodiments of software programs. It is also understood that a computing device may contain any number of processors internally. A display adapter may be a graphics card or video board that provides a computing device with the ability to display content on a display device. For example, a display device may be any screen, monitor, and / or light-emitting component associated with a personal computer, desktop, laptop, tablet, handheld computer, server, workstation, mainframe, wearable computer, supercomputer, or any combination thereof. However, the above examples of what a display device may be are not exhaustive, and it is understood that a display device may be any associated device. Input / output ports provide several sockets for connecting one or more cables to a computing device. It is understood that there may be any number of input / output ports on a computing device. For example, input / output ports provide means for a computing device to receive signals and / or data from an external device connected to the computing device via one or more cables. As another example, an input / output port provides a means for a computing device to transmit signals and / or data from an external device connected to the computing device via one or more cables. Input / output components may include, but are not limited to, switches, push buttons, pressure mats, float switches, keypads, wireless receivers, or combinations thereof, one or more components that support the input / output port.

[0032] A network adapter can be a network interface controller configured to provide a means for communicating with another computing device, such as a remote computing device, over a network. For example, a remote computing device can be a user device such as a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet, laptop, or a combination thereof. A power supply is configured to convert alternating current (e.g., AC) to direct current (e.g., DC) to provide regulated power to other components of the computing device (e.g., processor, display adapter, one or more input / output ports, one or more input / output components, network adapter, and memory).

[0033] In addition, memory can be mass storage devices and / or system memory, such as hard disk drives, memory cards, solid-state drives, random access memory (RAM), or a combination thereof. Memory is configured to provide a place to hold instructions and data associated with the operation of the computing device. Memory can generally include an operating system, load software, and load data. For example, the operating system is configured to manage and / or process any of the data and / or instructions associated with the load software and / or load data. Furthermore, a system bus configured to connect each of the various components of the computing device (e.g., processor, display adapter, one or more input / output ports, one or more input / output components, network adapter, power supply, and memory) is also included within the computing device. It is understood that each of the components of the computing device and the functionality associated with each of the components of the computing device may also be implemented within a remote computing device. The operating environment is described as having a specific configuration associated with at least the computing device, network, and remote computing device, but it is understood that the operating environment may be configured in any way.

[0034] Accordingly, the teachings of this disclosure provide a battery having a protective cell pack design, in which conventional cells are (at least partially) surrounded as a “jacket” by an additive-containing battery cell pack bank, thereby imparting ballistic quality to the cells at the moment of impact. In various embodiments, this can eliminate the need to design high-density protective structures in EVs or other chassis that require battery power onboard, while providing improved protection from severe degradation of a standard battery pack surrounded by the additive-containing cell pack. In one or more examples, the batteries disclosed herein combine elements of two functioning battery pack systems to novel capabilities of the battery pack system under fluctuating loads. The controllers or control arrangements described herein are used to independently control the current input and output flows of the additive-containing battery cell pack bank and the standard cell pack bank based on apparent load, temperature, and other operating conditions.

[0035] Designing battery packs for EVs and other applications may involve engineering considerations regarding structural protection to avoid significant degradation in the form of combustion from impact events. Unlike additional protective structures that increase vehicle weight and fail to address electrode short-circuit problems caused by the shattering force of impacts, which, if compromised, can lead to undesirable conditions, the teachings of this disclosure provide a unique approach to lightweight protective battery systems. For example, a dual-cell battery pack arrangement provides improved ballistic protection of the battery chemistry while itself providing auxiliary power to the vehicle. By using one or more of the examples described herein, it may be possible to reduce or eliminate the structural engineering and design requirements of protective structures within a vehicle, saving weight and providing an improved battery system. Furthermore, electric vehicles incorporating the teachings of this disclosure are also intended, for example, any motor vehicle as defined in 31(a)(6) of the United States Code (USC), among others.

[0036] Unless otherwise expressly indicated herein, all numerical values ​​indicating mechanical / thermal properties, compositional percentages, dimensions and / or tolerances, or other properties should be understood to be modified by the word “about” or “approximately” when describing the scope of this disclosure. This modification is desired for a variety of reasons, including industrial practice, material, manufacture, and assembly tolerances, and test capability.

[0037] When used herein, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" should be interpreted as meaning a logical (A or B or C) using nonexclusive OR, and not as meaning "at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C."

[0038] In this application, the terms “controller” and / or “module” refer to, part of, or include, some or all of the above in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), digital, analog, or mixed analog / digital discrete circuit, digital, analog, or mixed analog / digital integrated circuit, combinational logic circuit, field programmable gate array (FPGA), processor circuitry (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes code, memory circuitry (shared, dedicated, or group) that stores code executed by the processor circuitry, other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality (e.g., operational amplifier circuit integrator as part of a heat flux data module), or a system on a chip.

[0039] The apparatus and methods described in this application may be partially or completely implemented by a dedicated computer created by configuring a general-purpose computer to perform one or more specific functions embodied in a computer program. The functional blocks, flowchart components, and other elements described above serve as software specifications, which can be converted into a computer program by the routine work of a skilled technician or programmer.

[0040] The descriptions in this disclosure are essentially illustrative, and any modifications that do not deviate from the essence of this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure. Such modifications should not be considered a deviation from the intent and scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. It is a system, Battery management system, Primary battery cell pack, and, Equipped with a protective battery cell pack, The aforementioned battery management system Identifying the load, Based on the aforementioned load, the value of the load is determined, Based on the aforementioned value of the load, the load is sent to the primary battery cell pack or the protective battery cell pack. It is configured to do the following: The protective battery cell pack contains at least partially the primary battery cell pack and includes an electrolyte additive. The primary battery cell pack is configured to receive the load in response to the battery management system determining that the value of the load exceeds a predetermined threshold. The protective battery cell pack is configured to receive the load in response to the battery management system determining that the value of the load falls below a predetermined threshold.

2. The battery management system is composed of at least one of a field-effect transistor and a shunt. The system according to claim 1, wherein the shunt identifies the load received from the inverter.

3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising the battery management system, the primary battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof, an inverter configured to supply the load.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the load is a current load, a temperature load, or a voltage load.

5. The primary battery cell pack is further configured to output the corrected amperage of the load, The system according to claim 1, wherein the corrected amperage represents a value within the range associated with the use of the primary battery cell pack.

6. The protective battery cell pack is further configured to output the corrected amperage of the load, The system according to claim 1, wherein the corrected amperage represents a value within the range associated with the use of the protective battery cell pack.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to switch between the protective battery cell pack and the primary battery cell pack based on a current load sensing algorithm.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to monitor the load associated with the primary battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof.

9. The battery management system is further configured to redirect the load from the protective battery cell pack to the primary battery cell pack. The redirection of the load is based on the monitoring of the load. The system according to claim 8, wherein the redirection of the load is further based on a determination that the current health of the protective battery cell pack is insufficient to handle the load.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to handle the load associated with the primary battery cell pack, the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to determine the current health associated with the protective battery cell pack based on the charge state of the protective battery cell pack, the internal cell temperature of the protective battery cell pack, the impedance associated with the protective battery cell pack, or a combination thereof.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to send the load to the primary battery cell pack based on a determination that the current health of the protective battery cell pack is insufficient to receive the load.

13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to send the load to the protective battery cell pack based on a determination that the current health of the protective battery cell pack is sufficient to receive the load.

14. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to open a field-effect transistor associated with the primary battery cell pack based on an algorithm in response to the battery management system determining that the value of the load exceeds a predetermined threshold.

15. The system according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system is further configured to open a field-effect transistor associated with the protective battery cell pack based on an algorithm in response to the battery management system determining that the value of the load falls below a predetermined threshold.

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