Ultrasonic sealing systems and anvils

Abstract

The present invention relates to an anvil (500) of an ultrasonic sealing system (300) for sealing a tube (112) of packaging material laterally. The anvil (500) comprises a ridge (508) extending along the transverse direction (TD) of the anvil (500), the ridge (508) comprising an intermediate section (504) and first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) located on both sides of the intermediate section (504), the first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) each comprising a first sub-section (502b, 506b) and a second sub-section (502d, The ridge (508) is provided with a first sub-part (502b, 506b) positioned between the intermediate part (504) and the second sub-part (502d, 506d), the first sub-part (502b, 506b) of the ridge (508) having a first inclination angle (a1), and the second sub-part (502d, 506d) of the ridge (508) having a second inclination angle (a2), the first inclination angle (a1) being different from the second inclination angle (a2).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to packaging technology. More specifically, it relates to an ultrasonic sealing system, an anvil, and a method for horizontally sealing a tube of packaging material using the ultrasonic sealing system.

Background Art

[0002] Ultrasonic sealing technology, also known as ultrasonic welding technology, has been widely used for sealing carton packages in the food packaging industry for many years. Ultrasonic sealing is formed by generating ultrasonic vibrations in the sealing area to apply pressure and heat. This is usually achieved by sandwiching the packaging material between a vibrating transducer and an anvil. Heat is generated in the sealing area by the vibration, melting the plastic of the packaging material. The applied pressure fuses the packaging material to form an airtight seal. The heat generated depends on the amount of pressure applied, the distribution of the pressure, and the amplitude of the vibration. Furthermore, it is necessary to control these factors in combination with parameters such as sealing time and sealing energy to achieve a desired seal.

[0003] Ultrasonic sealing technology has the advantage that it does not require an electrically conductive material such as aluminum foil in the packaging material compared to induction sealing technology, also known as induction heating technology. This improves the cost efficiency and environmental compatibility of the packaging material.

[0004] In a roll-fed packaging machine, ultrasonic sealing technology is usually used to form a transverse seal, that is, a weld at the bottom of the tube of the packaging material to form a package. The tube is formed by joining two ends of a web of packaging material with a longitudinal seal. Due to the design of the package, the area to be sealed is neither completely flat nor symmetric. For example, there is an area where the transverse seal intersects the longitudinal seal, and the thickness of the tube becomes three layers.

[0005] Designing anvils to accommodate such deviations is crucial to the performance of the sealing system. Lateral seal defects can have a significant impact on the food safety of the package. Therefore, there is a need for improved anvil designs that can provide more consistent and reliable sealing performance. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] The technology of this disclosure aims to mitigate, reduce, or eliminate, at least partially, the drawbacks and shortcomings of the above examples. In particular, it aims to provide improved ultrasonic sealing systems and anvils. Furthermore, the concept of the present invention also relates to packaging machines equipped with ultrasonic sealing systems and methods for operating ultrasonic sealing systems.

[0007] To improve sealing performance in roll-feed packaging machines, the anvil region corresponding to the intersection of the transverse and longitudinal seals (TS-LS intersection) is typically adjusted in some way, such as by providing multiple teeth that create localized peaks of pressure and heat in the packaging material to compensate for variations in tube thickness. The anvil design remains constant for the rest of the tube width. However, the inventors have discovered that improved sealing performance is also possible in the peripheral section of the tube outside the TS-LS intersection. As a result, the concept of the present invention provides an anvil with improved sealing performance across the entire width of the tube, particularly in the peripheral section of the tube outside the TS-LS intersection. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] Various forms and embodiments of the disclosed invention are set forth below and in the attached independent and dependent claims.

[0009] According to a first embodiment, an anvil for an ultrasonic sealing system for sealing a tube of packaging material laterally is provided. The anvil includes a ridge extending along the transverse direction (TD) of the anvil. The ridge includes a middle section and a first peripheral section and a second peripheral section located on either side of the middle section. The first and second peripheral sections each comprise a first sub-part and a second sub-part. The first sub-part is located between the middle section and the second sub-part. The first sub-part of the ridge has a first inclination angle a1, and the second sub-part of the ridge has a second inclination angle a2. The first inclination angle a1 is different from the second inclination angle a2.

[0010] By dividing the first and second peripheral sections into first and second sub-parts with different inclination angles, the different characteristics of these regions can be accommodated. In other words, it becomes possible to improve sealing performance while taking into account variations in the packaging material in these regions. For example, the effect of sealing in the longitudinal direction of the tube can be handled in an improved manner in the lateral sealing process. This is closely related to the fact that the inclination angle affects the sealing process in several ways. Firstly, it affects polymer flow during the sealing process. Polymer flow is the phenomenon in which molten plastic flows away from the lateral sealing area. It is desirable to reduce the amount of polymer flowing into the package. This can be achieved by making the inclination angle gentler, as polymer flow is reduced more than with a steep inclination angle. Secondly, the inclination angle affects the pressure gradient in and around the ridge. The pressure gradient should be high enough to achieve a good seal, but not too high to cause damage or breakage to the packaging material. A steep inclination angle results in a higher pressure gradient than a gentle inclination angle. Thirdly, the inclination angle affects the shear stress within the packaging material, which affects the heat generated. Shear stress is closely related to the pressure gradient, and the steeper the gradient angle, the greater the shear stress in the packaging material. The anvils disclosed herein thus allow different regions of the tube (e.g., TS-LS intersection regions, fold line regions, or tube corner / edge regions) to undergo different treatments during the sealing process. Improved anvils are further advantageous in improving the pressure and heat distribution throughout the tube. Resistance can be further improved in fin corners, flaps, and / or fold line regions, and at the ends of the tube.

[0011] The packaging material may comprise a cardboard layer and a plastic film laminated to the cardboard layer. The cardboard layer has the advantage of being compressible, and the plastic film (hereinafter also referred to as the plastic layer) can be melted by ultrasonic vibration to form a lateral seal. This means that the packaging material does not need to contain aluminum. Aluminum is commonly used when the lateral seal is formed by a sealing system based on induction heating. By omitting the aluminum layer, the packaging material becomes more cost-effective and has a lower environmental impact. Therefore, as an indirect effect of the anvil and sealing system, a more environmentally friendly package can be achieved.

[0012] The first inclination angle a1 may be greater than the second inclination angle a2. That is, the inclination angle may be gentler in the outer portions of the first and second peripheral sections than in the inner portions. This has the advantage of reducing heat generation and polymer flow in the outer portions of the tube, such as the ends of the tube. In this region, the tube may become slightly thicker due to the folding method. In other words, due to the rigidity of the packaging material, the two forms of the packaging material are pushed apart from each other near the ends where the U-shaped fold is made. Therefore, it may be advantageous to reduce the inclination angle of the ridge in this region to prevent overheating or rupture of the package. Furthermore, the region of the tube with the fold line may be advantageous in that it engages with an anvil where each ridge inclination is small.

[0013] The first and second peripheral sections may further include ends located at the distal end of the anvil. The ends of the ridge may have a third inclination angle a3. The third inclination angle a3 may be equal to the second inclination angle a2 of the second sub-part of the ridge. The ends of the ridge may serve as reference points when calibrating the ultrasonic sealing system.

[0014] The difference between the first inclination angle a1 and the second inclination angle a2 can be set based on the structural properties of the packaging material.

[0015] In this way, by adapting the inclination angle to the packaging material, a more reliable lateral seal can be achieved compared to commonly used methods of adjusting ultrasonic properties without, for example, designing different anvils to accommodate different structural properties. Structural properties of the packaging material may include, for example, thickness, rigidity, number of material layers, and type of material layers.

[0016] The first inclination angle a1 may be in the range of 40 to 50 degrees. More specifically, the first inclination angle may be 45 degrees. The second inclination angle a2 may be in the range of 25 to 35 degrees. More specifically, the second inclination angle a2 may be 30 degrees. Such differences in inclination angles improve the sealing performance at the fold line and / or end of the tube.

[0017] The first and second peripheral sections may further include a first transition section adjacent to the intermediate section. The sum of the lateral lengths of the first transition sections of the first and second peripheral sections may be greater than the lateral length of the intermediate section.

[0018] The lateral length of the first transition section may be determined by the dimensions of the package being formed. Similarly, the lateral length of the intermediate section may be determined by the dimensions of the longitudinal seal section.

[0019] At least one of the width, height, and offset of the second sub-part of the ridge from the midpoint in the longitudinal direction of the anvil may differ from the width, height, and offset of the first sub-part of the ridge from the midpoint in the longitudinal direction of the anvil.

[0020] By employing different ridge designs in different sub-sections, the sealing performance against tube movement can be further improved.

[0021] The second sub-part of the ridge may be positioned to fill the longitudinal fold line and / or end of the tube of the packaging material in a lateral sealed state. In other words, the second sub-part of the ridge may be positioned to engage with the fold line and / or end of the tube in a lateral sealed state.

[0022] The first and second peripheral sections may further include a second transition section positioned between the first and second sub-parts of the first and second peripheral sections. The lateral length of the first transition section may be greater than the lateral length of the second transition section.

[0023] According to a second embodiment, an ultrasonic sealing system for sealing a tube of packaging material laterally is provided. The ultrasonic sealing system includes an ultrasonic generator positioned to transmit ultrasonic vibrations to the tube. The ultrasonic sealing system further includes an anvil according to the first embodiment. The anvil is positioned facing the ultrasonic generator such that, in a laterally sealed state, the tube is positioned between the ultrasonic generator and the anvil.

[0024] The features of the first embodiment described above also apply to this second embodiment, where applicable. Please refer to the above to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0025] According to a third embodiment, a packaging machine is provided. This packaging machine comprises a lateral sealing station (TS) for sealing and cutting tubes of packaging material laterally to form packages. The TS station comprises an ultrasonic sealing system according to a second embodiment.

[0026] The packaging machine may further include a PM reel receiving part for receiving a reel of packaging material (PM). The PM reel may hold a web of PM. The PM reel receiving part may include a PM reel ID reader for reading a PM reel identification (ID) tag attached to the PM reel. The TS seal station may include an anvil ID reader for reading an anvil ID tag of the anvil. The packaging machine may further include a control unit including a processor and a memory configured to receive PM reel ID data extracted from the PM reel ID tag. The control unit may further be configured to receive anvil ID data extracted from the anvil ID tag. The control circuit may further be configured to compare the PM reel ID data and the anvil ID data to confirm that the anvil matches the packaging material supplied via the PM reel.

[0027] The features of the first form and the second aspect described above are also applicable to this third aspect, where applicable. See the above for avoiding unnecessary repetition.

[0028] According to a fourth form, there is provided a method implemented in a packaging machine that laterally seals a tube of packaging material using the ultrasonic seal system according to the second form. The packaging material includes a cardboard layer and a plastic film adhered to the cardboard layer. The method includes placing a lateral seal portion of the tube of packaging material between an ultrasonic generator and an anvil. Further, the ultrasonic generator of the ultrasonic seal system generates ultrasonic vibrations so that the plastic film of the packaging material at the lateral seal portion is at least partially melted. Further, the tube at the lateral seal portion is crimped between the ultrasonic generator and the anvil, a pressure is formed on the lateral seal portion, the plastic film is joined, and a lateral seal is formed.

[0029] This method may further include reading a PM reel ID tag provided on a PM reel in a packaging machine using a PM reel ID reader. This method may further include reading an anvil ID tag on an anvil using an anvil ID reader. This method may further include comparing anvil ID data extracted from the anvil ID tag with PM reel ID data extracted from the PM reel ID tag in the control unit. If the anvil ID data and PM reel ID data do not match, this method may further include transmitting a signal to notify of the mismatch between the anvil and PM.

[0030] The features of the first, second, and third embodiments described above also apply to this fourth embodiment, where applicable. Please refer to the above to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0031] According to the fifth embodiment, a computer program product is provided. When executed by a computer, this program includes instructions that cause the computer to perform steps of the method according to the fourth embodiment.

[0032] The features of the first, second, third, and fourth embodiments described above also apply to this fifth embodiment, where applicable. Please refer to the above to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0033] According to the sixth embodiment, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-temporary computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a processing system, the one or more programs including instructions for performing the method according to the fourth embodiment.

[0034] The features of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth embodiments described above also apply to this sixth embodiment, where applicable. To avoid unnecessary repetition, please refer to the above.

[0035] Further scope of application of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description. However, the detailed description and specific examples illustrate some variations of the concept of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the concept of the present invention.

[0036] Therefore, it should be understood that the concepts of the present invention are not limited to the components described in the specific steps or systems of the described methods, and that the methods and systems may be modified. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be restrictive. Note that articles such as “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” used herein and in the appended claims mean that there is one or more elements unless explicitly stated otherwise in the context. Therefore, for example, the expression “a device” or “the device” may include multiple devices. Furthermore, phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” and “containing” do not exclude other elements or steps.

[0037] The above and other aspects of the concept of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating variations of the concept of the present invention. These drawings are not intended to limit the present invention to any particular variation, but rather to illustrate and illustrate the concept of the present invention.

[0038] As shown in the figures, the sizes of layers and regions are exaggerated for illustrative purposes and are provided to illustrate the general structure of the modifications of the present invention. The same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0039] [Figure 1] This is a diagram showing a typical packaging machine. [Figure 2]This figure shows an example of a package after horizontal sealing. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic sealing system in a lateral sealing state. [Figure 4A] This is a diagram showing a tube of packaging material viewed from the side. [Figure 4B] This is a cross-sectional view of a packaging material tube, seen from above. [Figure 5A] This is a perspective view showing an example of an anvil. [Figure 5B] Figure 5A is a front view showing a portion of the anvil. [Figure 5C] This figure shows different cross-sections of the anvil in Figure 5A. [Figure 5D] This figure shows different cross-sections of the anvil in Figure 5A. [Figure 5E] This figure shows different cross-sections of the anvil in Figure 5A. [Figure 6] This flowchart shows a method for sealing a tube of packaging material laterally. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0040] The concept of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, although several modifications are shown, the concept of the present invention may be carried out in many different forms and is not limited to the modifications disclosed herein. These modifications are provided for completeness and comprehensively illustrate the scope of the concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be understood that the terms used herein are used solely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be restrictive. In this specification and the appended claims, articles such as “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” should be interpreted as meaning that there is one or more elements unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the expression “unit” or “the unit” may, depending on the context, refer to one or more units. In addition, the terms “comprise,” “include,” and “contain” do not preclude other elements or steps. In this specification, the terms “comprise” or “comprising” are interpreted as identifying the presence of the described feature, element, step, or component. These do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, components, or groups thereof. The terms “and / or” are interpreted as meaning “both” or “each as an alternative.”

[0042] Furthermore, while terms such as “first,” “second,” etc., may be used in this specification to describe various elements or features, it should be understood that these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first peripheral section may be referred to as a second peripheral section, and similarly, a second peripheral section may be referred to as a first peripheral section. These do not depart from the scope of this embodiment. Both the first peripheral section and the second peripheral section are peripheral sections, but they are not the same peripheral section.

[0043] An anvil for an ultrasonic sealing system, an ultrasonic sealing system including an anvil, a filling machine including an ultrasonic sealing system, and a method for sealing a tube of packaging material laterally using an ultrasonic sealing system will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 6.

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the packaging machine 100. In its broadest form, the packaging machine 100 includes a lateral sealing station 114 that seals and cuts a tube 112 of packaging material laterally to obtain a package 116. The packaging material may consist of a cardboard layer and a plastic film, the plastic film of which may be attached to the cardboard layer. The lateral sealing station 114 includes an ultrasonic sealing system 300, which will be described later in relation to Figures 3 to 6. The packaging machine 100 may be a standalone packaging machine or part of a larger food packaging or processing line.

[0045] In the example shown in Figure 1, the packaging machine 100 is a roll-feed packaging machine, and its general principle is described below. In such a machine, the packaging material is supplied on a roll (or reel) 102 of the packaging material and loaded into the reel receiving section 118 of the packaging machine 100. From the roll 102 of the packaging material, a web 104 of the packaging material is formed. The web 104 of the packaging material passes through a sterilization station 106 to remove or reduce unwanted microorganisms from the web 104. Sterilization may be carried out using, for example, a hydrogen peroxide bath, a low-voltage electron beam (LVEB) device, or other suitable device that meets food safety regulations.

[0046] After sterilization, the web 104 is formed into a tube 112, for example, by a longitudinal sealing station 110. The tube 112 is formed by joining the two ends of the web 104 with a longitudinal seal LS. In this specification, “longitudinal direction” refers to the longitudinal direction of the web 104 or tube 112 of the packaging material. Therefore, the longitudinal direction coincides with the supply direction FD in the packaging machine 100. After the tube 112 is formed, food FP can be supplied into the tube 112 via a product filling pipe 108, at least a portion of which is located inside the tube 112.

[0047] The filled tube 112 reaches a lateral sealing station 114 equipped with an ultrasonic sealing system 300. Here, "lateral" refers to the lateral direction (i.e., lateral TD) of the tube flattened at the lateral sealing station 114. At the lateral sealing station 114, a lateral seal (TS) is applied to the lower end of the tube 112 using the ultrasonic sealing system 300. Generally, the ultrasonic sealing system 300 (described further below) has two main functions: 1) to provide a lateral seal, i.e., to weld two opposing aspects of the tube 112 together, separating the product at the bottom of the tube 112 located below the ultrasonic sealing system 300 from the product inside the tube 112 located above the ultrasonic sealing system 300; and 2) to cut the bottom of the tube to form a package 116. Alternatively, instead of performing the lateral sealing and bottom cutting in the same system 300 as shown in the figure, the bottom cutting step may be performed in a subsequent process using a separate device, or, if the package is sold in multi-packs, may be performed by the consumer.

[0048] After the package 116 is formed, it can be folded in a folding station (not shown) to form the finished food package 116.

[0049] As described herein, the reel receiving section 118 may be equipped with a reel ID reader 122 for reading a reel identification tag 120 on the reel 102. The reel ID tag 120 may contain information that identifies the reel. For example, the reel ID tag 120 may contain information indicating the type of packaging material wound on the reel 102, the physical properties of the packaging material (e.g., thickness, material composition, etc.), the type of package formed by the packaging material, or the settings of the packaging machine used. In other words, the reel ID tag 102 may contain information regarding the structural properties of the packaging material. The lateral sealing station 114 may be equipped with an anvil ID reader 124 for reading an anvil ID tag 512 of an anvil used in the ultrasonic sealing system 300. The anvil ID tag 512 may contain information indicating the anvil being used.

[0050] The packaging machine 100 may further include a control unit 126, which includes a processor 128 and memory 130. The control unit 126 may be configured to receive PM reel ID data extracted from the PM reel ID tag 120 and anvil ID data extracted from the anvil ID tag 512. The control unit 126 may further be configured to compare the PM reel ID data with the anvil ID data to confirm that the anvil matches the packaging material supplied via the reel 102. If they do not match, the control unit 126 may send a notification signal, for example, to the operator or the control system of the packaging machine 100.

[0051] Figure 2 shows, as an example, package 116 after a lateral seal has been applied and before it is folded into the finished package. As shown in the figure, package 116 is sealed with a lateral seal portion 200 that extends across the entire package from the first side 204a to the second side 204b of package 116.

[0052] Along the longitudinal direction (LD), the package is provided with a number of longitudinal fold lines 202a-c. The fold lines 202a-c are interpreted as recesses or weakening lines. The fold lines 202a-c are usually embossed during the manufacturing of the packaging material. The fold lines 202a-c are designed to facilitate folding the packaging material into the intended shape. For example, as further described below in relation to Figure 3, the tube 112 of the packaging material is formed into a desired shape (e.g., a shape with a rectangular cross-section) in a transversely sealed state. In this case, the fold lines 202a-c may be provided along the corners of the package so that the package is formed accurately and consistently. In the illustrated example, the package 116 has a first fold line 202a, a second fold line 202b, a third fold line 202c, and a fourth fold line (not shown) corresponding to the four corners of the package 116. However, the number of fold lines may be two or more, depending on the type and shape of package 116.

[0053] Furthermore, as will be described later in this specification, the fold lines 202a-c also extend to the lateral sealing portion 200 where a lateral seal is formed. Therefore, the lateral seal can be further improved by modifying the anvil to take these into consideration, as has been realized by the inventors. The tube 112 further comprises a first edge 204a and a second edge 204b. Due to the folding of the packaging material at the edges 204a and 204b, the inventors have realized that the lateral seal can be further improved by modifying the anvil to take these areas into consideration.

[0054] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic sealing system 300. More specifically, Figure 3 illustrates in detail the general principle and process of the ultrasonic sealing system 300. The process of operating the ultrasonic sealing system 300 to form a lateral seal is further described below with reference to Figure 6.

[0055] The ultrasonic sealing system 300 is configured to seal the transverse seal portion 200 of the tube 112 of the packaging material. The transverse seal portion 200, further illustrated in relation to Figures 4A and 4B, includes a first transverse end 404, a longitudinal seal portion (LS) 406, and a second transverse end 408.

[0056] The ultrasonic sealing system 300 comprises an ultrasonic generator 304 and an anvil 500, which are described further below, for example, in relation to Figures 5A to 5E. The ultrasonic sealing system 300 may also comprise a plurality of pairs of ultrasonic generators 304 and anvils 500 arranged in a jaw system so as to form a lateral seal without interrupting the continuous movement of the tube 112.

[0057] The ultrasonic generator 304 is positioned to transmit ultrasonic vibrations to the lateral seal portion 200 of the tube 112. This generates heat in the packaging material, resulting in at least partial melting of the plastic material in the lateral seal portion. The anvil 500 is positioned opposite the ultrasonic generator 304 and provides a reaction force to the ultrasonic generator 304. As a result, in the lateral seal state, the tube 112 is positioned between the ultrasonic generator 304 and the anvil 500. The pressure between the ultrasonic generator 304 and the anvil 500 fuses the packaging materials together.

[0058] To further control the molding process of package 116, the ultrasonic sealing system 300 may further include a so-called volume-forming flap (not shown). More specifically, the volume-forming flap may be used to mold a tube 112 having a circular cross-section into a package having a rectangular cross-section in a controlled manner.

[0059] Moving on to the process of the ultrasonic sealing system 300, as shown in Figure 1, the tube 112 is preferably supplied from above so that the product is held inside the tube. In the first stage, sealing stage S, the ultrasonic generator 304 and the anvil 500 are moved toward each other in their respective opposite directions so that the two opposite sides of the tube 112 are pressed together. Either the ultrasonic generator or the anvil may be fixed, or only the other may be moved.

[0060] To achieve a lateral seal, ultrasonic vibrations are generated by the ultrasonic generator 304, supplying heat to the packaging material. This heat at least partially melts the plastic layer (also called a plastic film, polymer layer, or thermoplastic polymer layer) of the packaging material, allowing the two opposing sides of the tube 112 to adhere to each other and maintain a single unit even after the applied pressure is removed. In a subsequent step (hereinafter referred to as cutting step C), the lower part of the tube 112 is cut off (for example, by a knife 306) to form the package 116. In this example, the knife 306 is located on the anvil 500. However, the knife 306 may be located on the opposite side of the tube 112, on the ultrasonic generator 304. Alternatively, the cutting step may be performed by a separate device located downstream of the ultrasonic sealing system 300.

[0061] To improve the package formation speed, parts of the ultrasonic sealing system (e.g., ultrasonic generator 304, anvil 500, and other optional components) can be moved along the supply direction FD with the tube 112 during the sealing stage S and the cutting stage C. Therefore, the ultrasonic generator 304 and anvil 500 shown in the sealed state S may be the same as the ultrasonic generator 304 and anvil 500 in the cutting state C.

[0062] Figure 4A is a side view of the packaging material tube 112, showing the stage in which it is being compressed to form the lateral seal portion TS. In this specification, "side view" refers to the case where the tube 112 is oriented vertically, as shown, for example, in Figure 3. Thus, Figure 4A shows the outer surface of the tube 112. Figure 4B also shows the tube 112, but this is a cross-sectional view from above, i.e., shown in section E-E'. It should be noted that the sizes and proportions of each section and region shown here should be understood as examples that mainly illustrate different sections and regions of the tube 112 and do not necessarily represent the actual packaging material tube 112. In particular, the features of the tube 112 are exaggerated for illustrative purposes.

[0063] As shown in the figure, when the tube 112 is flattened, it can be divided in the transverse direction (TD) of the tube into a first transverse end section 404 and a second transverse end section 408. Between the first transverse end section 404 and the second transverse end section 408 is a longitudinal seal section 406. These sections may extend along the longitudinal direction of the tube 112. The first and second transverse end sections 404 and 408 can be observed as a two-layer thickness region of the tube 112, i.e., a two-layer region of the tube 112.

[0064] The LS section 406 can be defined as the section in which the thickness of the tube 112 is affected by the LS. In other words, the LS section 406 can be viewed as a three-layer region of the tube 112. In a subsection of the LS section 406 (hereinafter referred to as the LS region 400), the tube 112 of the packaging material is compressed to a three-layer thickness by the folding of the packaging material to form the LS. The LS section 406 further extends over the LS strip 414 and is defined by the LS strip region 416. The LS strip is applied during the formation of the LS and seals the inside of the tube 112. The presence of the LS strip and the folding of the packaging material also affect the thickness of the tube in the LS strip region 416 and must therefore be taken into consideration when forming the TS.

[0065] In the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the TD), the lateral seal portion 200 is defined as the region where the TS is formed. The TS portion 200 can be defined as the region located on both sides of the cutting line 412 where the tube 112 is cut to form two independent packages, as shown in the figure. It should be noted that when a TS is formed in the TS section 200, it is not necessary to cover the entire TS section 200. Rather, the TS section 200 should be understood as a section that is involved in the TS formation process, for example, in the process of forming the lateral seal, in the sense that it may come into contact with the ultrasonic generator 304 and / or anvil 500.

[0066] At the intersection of the TS section 200 and the LS section 406, a TS-LS intersection 410 (or TS-LS overlapping region) is formed, which is shown here by diagonal lines.

[0067] Figures 4A and 4B further show the first to fourth longitudinal fold lines 202a to d provided along the first and second transverse end sections 404 and 406 of the tube 112. As shown in Figure 4B, the fold lines on the opposite side of the tube 112, namely the first and third fold lines 202a and 202c, and the second and fourth fold lines 202b and 202d, coincide with each other in the transverse direction. However, in practice, the positions of the fold lines 202a to d may vary slightly due to variations in the packaging machine.

[0068] Furthermore, although the tube 112 at the first and second ends 204a, 204b is shown in the figure to be the same thickness as the rest of the first transverse end sections 404, 408, it should be noted that the thickness of the tube 112 may be greater in the areas around the first and second ends 204a, 204b due to the U-shaped fold of the packaging material and the rigidity of the packaging material.

[0069] Figure 5A shows an anvil 500 in a perspective view as an example. The longitudinal direction (LD) and transverse direction (TD) are indicated as reference points. LD and TD correspond to the longitudinal and transverse directions described above. Therefore, TD refers to the direction in which the transverse seal is formed, i.e., the transverse direction of the tube when the tube is sealed (welded). Similarly, LD refers to the direction in which the longitudinal seal is formed, i.e., the longitudinal direction of the tube.

[0070] Figure 5B shows a cross-sectional view (front view) of the anvil 500, facing the surface positioned to engage with the packaging material and the ultrasonic generator when a lateral seal is formed. Figures 5C to 5E show three different cross-sections of the anvil 500 (along lines A-A', B-B', and C-C') to illustrate the cross-sectional shape of the anvil 500.

[0071] The anvil 500 described herein is configured to form lateral seals on both sides of a cutting line separating two consecutive packages. Thus, the anvil 500 has two similar portions on either side of a recess 516 for housing a cutting knife. Thus, the two portions are configured to form lateral seals on each of the two consecutive packages. Thus, the anvil 500 is symmetrical with respect to a center line indicated by a dashed line shown in the center of the recess 516. Thus, if it is stated that the anvil 500 comprises a ridge 508, it should also be understood that the anvil may also have the ridge 508 on the opposite side of the center line. However, for ease of understanding, the anvil 500 may instead be configured to form a single lateral seal. That is, the two portions of the anvil 500 may be separate elements. Thus, the anvil 500 may comprise a single projection. Hereafter, the anvil 500 will be described primarily with reference to one of its portions, but the same features and embodiments apply to the other portion as well.

[0072] In Figures 5A and 5B, the anvil includes a ridge 508. The ridge 508 extends laterally from the anvil 500. The ridge 508 should be interpreted as an elongated projection on the anvil 500. This projection serves to apply high (or low) pressure to a localized area when forming a lateral seal. This is intended to concentrate the generation of pressure and ultrasonic heat in the area surrounding the ridge 508. As shown, the ridge 508 is divided into an intermediate section 504 and first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 located on either side of the intermediate section 504. The intermediate section 504 is positioned to face at least a portion of the longitudinal seal section 406 of the tube 112 in the lateral seal state (see Figures 4A and 4B). In other words, the intermediate section 504 may be positioned to engage with at least a portion of the longitudinal seal section 406 of the tube. Thus, the lateral length of the intermediate section 504 may be set based on the dimensions of the tube of the packaging material to be sealed. The first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 may be positioned to face at least a portion of the first and second lateral ends 404, 408 of the tube 112. In other words, the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 may be positioned to engage with at least a portion of the first and second lateral edges 404, 408 of the tube 112 in a lateral sealed state. The intermediate section 504 of the ridge is typically designed to correspond to the difference between the number of layers of packaging material in the longitudinal seal section of the tube 112 and the number of layers in the first and second lateral ends 404, 408. For example, the ridge 508 may be configured such that it has fewer protrusions in the intermediate section 504 compared to the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 (i.e., the height of the ridge 508 is lower) to compensate for an excess layer of packaging material. As another example, as shown herein, the ridge 508 may comprise a plurality of teeth 514 arranged laterally.

[0073] The first and second peripheral sections 502 and 506 each comprise first sub-parts 502b and 506b adjacent to the intermediate section 504, and second sub-parts 502d and 506d adjacent to the first sub-parts 502b and 506b. In other words, the first sub-parts 502b and 506b are positioned between the intermediate section 504 and the second sub-parts 502d and 506d. In other words, the second sub-parts 502d and 506d are positioned further from the intermediate section 504 than the first sub-parts 502b and 506b.

[0074] As will be discussed later in relation to Figures 5C to 5E, the first sub-parts 502b and 506b of the ridge have a first inclination angle a1, and the second sub-parts 502d and 506d have a second inclination angle a2. The first inclination angle a1 and the second inclination angle a2 are different from each other. As mentioned above, the inclination angle affects at least the polymer flow, pressure gradient and / or shear stress within the packaging material. Therefore, the first sub-part of the ridge can achieve different sealing characteristics compared to the second sub-part.

[0075] In this embodiment, the first inclination angle a1 is greater than the second inclination angle a2. Therefore, the polymer flow and pressure gradient are relatively lower in the portion of the tube 112 that contacts the second sub-parts 502d and 506d of the ridge 508 compared to the first sub-parts 502b and 506b.

[0076] The second sub-parts 502d, 506d of the ridge 508 may be positioned to compensate for the longitudinal fold lines 202a-d and / or the edges 204a, 204b of the packaging material tube 112 in a lateral sealed state. Here, “positioned to compensate” means that the second sub-parts 502d, 506d of the ridge 508 are designed to provide a suitable pressure distribution / heat pattern for the fold lines and / or edges of the tube.

[0077] In the illustrated example, the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 further comprise ends 502f, 506f located at the distal end of the anvil 500. In other words, the ends 502f, 506f are adjacent to the second sub-sections 502d, 506d of the ridge 508. The ends 502f, 506f of the ridge have a third inclination angle a3. The third inclination angle a3 may be equal to the second inclination angle a2 of the second sub-sections 502d, 506d of the ridge 508, as shown in Figures 5D and 5E, except that the third inclination angle a3 may be different from the second inclination angle a2. The ridge transitions from the second sub-sections 502d, 506d to the ends 502f, 506f via the third transition sections 502E, 506E. The ends 502f and 506f constitute a portion of the anvil 500 that does not come into contact with the packaging material tube 112 during normal operation in the lateral sealing state. Therefore, the ends 502f and 506f can function as reference points during calibration of the ultrasonic sealing system. More specifically, the ends 502f and 506f can function as planes of the anvil 500 whose position relative to the ultrasonic generator is clearly defined.

[0078] In the illustrated example, the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 further comprise first transition sections 502a, 506a. The transition sections 502a, 506a are positioned at the ends of the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 adjacent to the intermediate section 504. That is, the first transition sections 502a, 506a form a transition from the intermediate section 504 of the ridge 508 to the first sub-sections 502b, 506b of the ridge 508. The sum of the lateral lengths of the first transition sections 502a, 506a of the first peripheral sections 502, 506 (i.e., the lateral width of the brackets indicating the first transition sections 502a, 506a) may be greater than the lateral length of the intermediate section 504.

[0079] Each of the second sub-parts 502d, 506d of the ridge 508 is positioned to compensate for the longitudinal fold lines 202a-d of the packaging material tube 112 and / or the ends of the tube 112 when in a lateral sealed state. Thus, the lateral lengths of the first and second sub-parts 502b, 506b, 502d, 506d (or the ratio of the lateral lengths of the first and second sub-parts 502b, 506b, 502d, 506d to the lateral lengths of the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506) can be set so that the second sub-parts 502d, 506d are positioned at the expected locations of the fold lines and / or the ends of the tube. In other words, the transition between the first and second sub-parts 502b, 502d can be set based on the expected positions of the first longitudinal fold lines 202a, 202c, as shown in Figure 4B. As a result, the fold lines 202a, 202c and the first end 204a contact the second sub-section 502d of the ridge 508. Correspondingly, the transition section 506d between the first sub-section and the second sub-section 506b can be set in the second peripheral section 506 based on the expected positions of the second longitudinal fold lines 202b, 202d. As a result, the fold lines 202b, 202d and the second end 204b contact the second sub-section 506d. Due to variations in the tube 112 in the lateral sealed state, the positions of the fold lines 202a-d may not be precise. The stepwise transition between the first and second sub-sections 502b, 506b, and 502d mitigates this positional variation. Therefore, the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506 may further comprise second transition sections 502c, 506c positioned between the first sub-sections 502b, 506b and the second sub-sections 502d, 506d. The lateral lengths of each of the first transition sections 502a, 506b may be greater than the lateral lengths of each of the second transition sections 502c, 506c. This results in a smoother transition between the intermediate section 504 and the first sub-sections 502b, 506b than between the first sub-sections 502b, 506b and the second sub-sections 502d, 506d. The relatively sharp transition of the second transition sections 502c, 506c can be achieved because the fold lines 202a~d have relatively short lateral extensions. This can provide a more precise pressure distribution around this region.

[0080] Furthermore, the lateral lengths of the first and second sub-parts 502b, 506b, 502d, and 506d can be set based on the structural properties of the packaging material of the tube. Structural properties include, for example, the rigidity of the packaging material, the thickness of the packaging material, the number of layers of the material, the type of material (e.g., parameters relating to the heat capacity of the material, the viscosity of the material, the mechanical strength of the material, etc.), and the manufacturing method. If a multi-layer carton-based packaging material is used, the structural properties may include the structural properties of the individual layers (e.g., thickness, type of material, etc.). Furthermore, the structural properties may include the properties of the fold lines (e.g., width, degree of compression, etc.). The anvil 500 may be equipped with an anvil ID tag 512. The anvil ID tag 512 makes it possible to identify the anvil 500 and associate it with a specific packaging material through its structural properties.

[0081] Figures 5C to 5E show three cross-sections of the anvil 500 along lines A-A', B-B', and C-C'. More specifically, they show the surface profile of the anvil 500 positioned to face the ultrasonic generator in a lateral seal state. Figure 5C shows the profiles of the first sub-sections 502b and 506b of the ridge 508. Figure 5D shows the profiles of the second sub-sections 502d and 506d of the ridge 508. Figure 5E shows the profiles of arbitrary ends 502f and 506f of the ridge 508. The vertical dashed line indicates the centerline of the anvil 500 at the center of the recess 516.

[0082] As described above, the first sub-parts 502b and 506b of the ridge 508 have a first inclination angle a1, and the second sub-parts 502d and 506d of the ridge 508 have a second inclination angle a2, with the first inclination angle a1 being greater than the second inclination angle a2. In this specification, the inclination angle indicates the angle at which the side 510a of the ridge 508 is inclined. In this embodiment, the inclination angle is defined as the angle between the side 510a and an adjacent plane of the anvil 500. However, the inclination angle may be defined in other ways, such as the angle between the side 510a of the ridge 508 and the apex 510b.

[0083] When the angle of inclination is referred to herein, it primarily refers to the angle on the side away from the recess 516, i.e., the side 510a facing inward towards the package being formed, as shown in Figures 5C to 5E. This is because, from a food safety standpoint, controlling polymer flow in this direction is more important. However, the ridge 508 naturally has other embodiments with different angles of inclination, which are indicated herein with an additional apostrophe ('). In this embodiment, two angles of inclination in each part of the ridge 508 are equal to each other. In other words, a1 is equal to a1', a2 is equal to a2', and a3 is equal to a3'. Thus, the embodiments and principles relating to the angle of inclination may also be applicable to other sides 510a' of the ridge 508 facing outward towards the package. However, in some embodiments, the angles of inclination may be different.

[0084] In some embodiments, the first inclination angle a1 is between 40 and 50 degrees. More preferably, the first inclination angle a1 is 45 degrees. Furthermore, the second inclination angle a2 may be in the range of 25 to 35 degrees. More preferably, the second inclination angle a2 is 30 degrees. However, it should be noted that the difference between the first inclination angle a1 and the second inclination angle a2 can be set based on the structural characteristics of the packaging material. The above values ​​for the first inclination angle a1 and the second inclination angle a2 are preferred for packaging materials in which, for example, at least the intermediate layer is carton (or paperboard), and which has an inner polymer layer (product side) and an outer polymer layer (outside of the packaging), with an overall thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm.

[0085] An anvil 500 according to the concept of the present invention may have additional parameters of the ridge 508 which may differ across the first and second peripheral sections 502, 506. For example, at least one of the width (i.e., the width of the top 510b in the longitudinal direction of the anvil), height, and offset (offset from the middle section 504 in the longitudinal direction of the anvil 500) of the second sub-sections 502b, 506b of the ridge 508 may differ from the width, height, and offset of the first sub-sections 502b, 506b of the ridge 508. In this embodiment, the first sub-sections 502b, 506b of the ridge 508 have a width w1 and a height h1. The second sub-sections 502d, 506d of the ridge 508 have a width w2 and a height h2. At the ends 502f, 506f, the ridge has a width w3, a height h3, and an inclination angle a3. In the embodiment shown in Figures 5A to 5E, the first height h1, the second height h2, and the third height h3 are equal. The height of the ridge 508 is shown herein with reference to a common reference point. Note that the height of the ridge 508 may be defined from any suitable point on the anvil. Furthermore, the second inclination angle a2 and the third inclination angle a3 are equal to each other.

[0086] The dimensions of height, width, and angle shown are relative in this embodiment and do not limit the scope of the invention. For example, as shown in Figures 5C to 5E, the width w1 of the first sub-parts 502b and 506b of the ridge 508 is smaller in this embodiment than the width w2 of the second sub-parts 502d and 506d. It should be understood that the numerical values ​​of the measurements may differ from those shown herein. For example, the exact measurements of the anvil 500 will vary depending on the packaging material used and the dimensions of the package being manufactured.

[0087] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing the steps of method 600 for sealing a tube 112 of packaging material laterally using the ultrasonic sealing system 300 described above. Method 600 is performed in a packaging machine 100, for example by the control unit 126 of the packaging machine 100. Method 600 may also be a method for operating the ultrasonic sealing system 300. The packaging material comprises a cardboard layer and a plastic film adhered to the cardboard layer. The steps will be described in detail below with reference to Figure 6. The order shown is an example, and the steps of method 600 may be performed in any suitable order, in parallel, or multiple times. For example, as will be described later, steps S608 to S616 may be performed before, during, or after steps S602 to S606.

[0088] Method 600 comprises providing a lateral sealing portion 200 of the tube 112 of the packaging material between the ultrasonic generator 304 and the anvil 500 of the ultrasonic sealing system 300 (S02).

[0089] Method 600 comprises generating ultrasonic vibrations (S604) using the ultrasonic generator 304 of the ultrasonic sealing system 300 so that the plastic film of the packaging material in the lateral sealing portion 200 melts at least partially.

[0090] Method 600 further includes pressing the tube 112 inside the lateral seal portion 200 between the ultrasonic generator 304 and the anvil 500 (S606) so that pressure is formed in the lateral seal portion 200 and the plastic film is bonded together to form a lateral seal.

[0091] It should be noted that generating ultrasonic vibrations (S604) and crimping the tube at the lateral seal (S606) may be performed simultaneously.

[0092] Method 600 further comprises reading the PM reel ID tag 120 on the PM reel 102 in the packaging machine 100 using the PM reel ID reader 122 (S608).

[0093] Method 600 further comprises reading the anvil ID tag 512 of the anvil 500 using the anvil ID reader 124 (S610).

[0094] Method 600 further includes comparing the anvil ID data extracted from the anvil ID tag 512 with the PM reel ID data extracted from the PM reel ID tag 120 in the control unit 126 (S612).

[0095] Method 600 may further include sending a notification signal S614 to indicate a mismatch between the anvil ID data and the PM reel ID data. The notification signal may be sent, for example, to the control system of the packaging machine 100 or to the machine operator.

[0096] Method 600 may further include stopping package production if the anvil ID data and the PM reel ID data do not match (S616).

[0097] Furthermore, where the disclosure is described as a method, it is understood that it may be embodied as an apparatus or device comprising one or more processors and one or more memories connected to one or more processors, and containing computer code loaded to carry out the method. For example, one or more memories may, in some embodiments, store one or more computer programs that, when executed by one or more processors, perform steps, services, and functions of the method disclosed herein.

[0098] Furthermore, by examining the drawings, disclosures, and attached claims, a person skilled in the art can understand and implement variations of the disclosed modifications.

Claims

1. An anvil (500) of an ultrasonic sealing system (300) for sealing a tube (112) of packaging material laterally, wherein the anvil (500) comprises a ridge (508) extending along the transverse direction (TD) of the anvil (500), and the ridge (508) The intermediate section (504) and The first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) are located on both sides of the intermediate section (504), The first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) comprise a first sub-part (502b, 506b) and a second sub-part (502d, 506d), the first sub-part (502b, 506b) being positioned between the intermediate part (504) and the second sub-part (502d, 506d), The first sub-parts (502b, 506b) of the ridge (508) have a first inclination angle (a1), and the second sub-parts (502d, 506d) of the ridge (508) have a second inclination angle (a2), and the first inclination angle (a1) is different from the second inclination angle (a2). Anvil (500).

2. The first inclination angle (a1) is greater than the second inclination angle (a2). An anvil (500) according to claim 1.

3. The first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) further include ends (502f, 506f) located at the distal end of the anvil (500), The ends (502f, 506f) of the ridge (508) have a third inclination angle (a3), and the third inclination angle (a3) ​​is equal to the second inclination angle (a2) of the second sub-parts (502d, 506d) of the ridge (508). An anvil (500) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The difference between the first inclination angle (a1) and the second inclination angle (a2) is set based on the structural characteristics of the packaging material. An anvil (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The first inclination angle (a1) is 40 to 50 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, and the second inclination angle (a2) is 25 to 35 degrees, preferably 30 degrees. An anvil (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) further include first transition sections (502a, 506a) adjacent to the intermediate section (504), The sum of the lateral lengths of the first transition portions (502a, 506a) of the first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) is greater than the lateral length of the intermediate portion (504). An anvil (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. From the intermediate portion (504) in the longitudinal direction of the anvil (500), at least one of the width, height, and offset of the second sub-parts (502d, 506d) is different from the width, height, and offset of the first sub-parts (502b, 506b) from the intermediate portion (504) in the longitudinal direction of the anvil (500). An anvil (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The second sub-portions (502d, 506d) of the ridge (508) are positioned to compensate for the longitudinal fold lines (202a-d) and / or the ends of the packaging material tube (112) in a lateral sealed state. An anvil (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The first and second peripheral sections (502, 506) further comprise a second transition section (502c, 506c) positioned between the first sub-part (502b, 506b) and the second sub-part (502d, 506d) of the first and second peripheral sections (502, 506), The lateral length of the first transition section (502a, 506a) is greater than the lateral length of the second transition section (502c, 506c). An anvil (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An ultrasonic sealing system (300) for sealing a tube (112) of packaging material laterally, wherein the ultrasonic sealing system (300) An ultrasonic generator (304) is positioned to transmit ultrasonic vibrations to the tube (112), An anvil (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is positioned opposite the ultrasonic generator (304), wherein in a lateral sealed state, the tube (112) is positioned between the ultrasonic generator (304) and the anvil (500), Equipped with, Ultrasonic sealing system (300).

11. A packaging machine (100) equipped with a lateral sealing (TS) station (114) that seals and cuts a tube (112) of packaging material laterally to form a package (116), The TS station (114) comprises the ultrasonic sealing system (300) described in claim 10. Packaging machine (100).

12. The packaging machine (100) further comprises a packaging material (PM) reel receiving section (118) arranged to receive a packaging material (PM) reel (102), the packaging material (PM) reel (102) holding the web (104) of the packaging material (PM), the packaging material (PM) reel receiving section (118) comprising a packaging material (PM) reel identification (ID) reader (122) holding the packaging material (PM) reel identification (ID) reader (104), and the packaging material reel receiving section (118) comprising a packaging material reel ID reader (122) arranged to read the packaging material reel identification (ID) tag (120) on the packaging material reel (102), The TS station (114) is equipped with an anvil ID reader (124) positioned to read the anvil ID tag (512) of the anvil (500), The packaging machine (100) further includes a processor (128) and a memory (130) configured to receive PM reel ID data extracted from the PM reel ID tag (120), receive anvil ID data extracted from the anvil ID tag (512), and compare the PM reel ID data with the anvil ID data to ensure that the anvil (500) matches the packaging material supplied via the PM reel (102). The packaging machine (100) according to claim 11.

13. A method (600) for sealing a tube (112) of packaging material laterally using the ultrasonic sealing system (300) described in claim 10, wherein the packaging material comprises a cardboard layer and a plastic film adhered to the cardboard layer. The above method (600) is, The lateral sealing portion of the packaging material tube (112) is positioned between the ultrasonic generator (304) and the anvil (500) (S602). The ultrasonic generator (304) of the ultrasonic sealing system (300) generates ultrasonic vibrations such that the plastic film in the lateral sealing portion of the packaging material melts at least partially (S604). In the lateral seal portion, the tube (112) is pressed between the ultrasonic generator (304) and the anvil (500), pressure is formed on the lateral seal portion (302), the plastic film is bonded, and a lateral seal is formed (S606). A method (600) comprising:

14. Using the PM reel ID reader (122), read the PM reel identification (ID) tag (120) on the PM reel (102) inside the packaging machine (100) (S608). Using the anvil ID reader (124), read the anvil ID tag (512) of the anvil (500) (S610). In the control unit (126), the anvil ID data extracted from the anvil ID tag (512) is compared with the PM reel ID data extracted from the PM reel ID tag (120) (S612). If the anvil ID data and the PM reel ID data do not match, send a notification of mismatch between the anvil and the PM (S614). The method according to claim 13 (600), further comprising the above.

15. A computer program, which, when executed by a computer, comprises instructions to the computer to perform the steps (600) of the method according to claim 13 or 14. Computer program.

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