Electronic auscultation system for sound acquisition, analysis, and transmission

Abstract

One embodiment relates to an electronic stethoscope which may include a main body, an acoustic transducer located within the main body, an amplifying transistor within the acoustic transducer, and electronic circuitry within the main body. The electronic stethoscope may also include a power supply block within the electronic circuitry, a bandpass filter within the electronic circuitry, a system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit within the electronic circuitry, and an amplifier within the electronic circuitry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Applications This application is related to and claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 471,902, filed on June 8, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Some exemplary embodiments generally relate to devices used to listen to body sounds. More specifically, certain embodiments may relate to electronic stethoscopes and support systems peripheral to electronic stethoscopes, including sound transmission and analysis systems.

Background Art

[0003] Auscultation is a method used by healthcare professionals for preliminary medical examinations by listening to sounds in the cardiac, respiratory, and gastrointestinal regions of the body. It is an important step in clinical practice for early screening, despite the emergence of new diagnostic techniques such as echocardiograms, X - rays, and CT scans. The auscultation examination is the first point of contact between a healthcare professional and a patient and is performed using a stethoscope. Remote areas in developing countries and low - and middle - income countries suffer from a lack of diagnostic facilities and equipment as well as a shortage of expert human resources. In emergencies, when there are no specialized physicians in remote areas, conventional stethoscopes have proven to be inefficient. Electronic stethoscopes have gained support and popularity in medical practice mainly due to better sound quality and improved volume levels.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Other electronic stethoscopes have been developed to improve auscultation. However, existing electronic stethoscopes often lack essential features. While some amplify sound, they typically lack a combination of features that enable real-time onboard signal processing, wired and wireless transmission, data sharing, auscultation instruction and learning, and sound signal acquisition for objectively identifying abnormal patterns to aid decision-making. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] Several embodiments may relate to an electronic stethoscope. An electronic stethoscope may include a bodywork comprising a continuous material structure, a first part configured to function as a chest piece, and a second part configured to function as a casing. The electronic stethoscope may also include an acoustic transducer located within the bodywork, configured to acquire sound data as input. The electronic stethoscope may further include an amplifying transistor within the acoustic transducer, configured to boost weak sound signals. Furthermore, the electronic stethoscope may include electronic circuitry within the bodywork and a power supply block within the electronic circuitry, the power supply block being configured to supply power to the electronic circuitry. Furthermore, the electronic stethoscope may include a bandpass filter within the electronic circuitry, the bandpass filter being configured to selectively reject signals upon input. The electronic stethoscope may further include a system-on-chip based microcontroller unit within the electronic circuitry, the system-on-chip based microcontroller unit may further include an analog-to-digital converter, a digital signal processing unit, a wireless transmission module, and user control elements. Furthermore, the electronic stethoscope may include an amplifier within its electronic circuitry, which may be configured to amplify sound data and be digitally controlled by a user control element in a system-on-chip-based controller.

[0006] Several embodiments may relate to methods for processing data from an electronic stethoscope. The method may include registering a user within the user interface of a computing device. The method may also include prompting the user of the computing device to select a body position and location of the subject for examination. The method may further include receiving recordings of sound data at the location of the human body via the electronic stethoscope. Furthermore, the method may include selecting internal filters of the electronic stethoscope to highlight and manipulate the sound data based on the location. Furthermore, the method may include generating time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms based on the sound data. Furthermore, the method may include displaying the time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms.

[0007] Several embodiments may relate to a method for operating an electronic stethoscope. The method may include placing the electronic stethoscope over the area of ​​a subject, which is a human, to acquire sound data as input. The method may also include filtering the sound data for the first time through a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject the signal upon input. The method may further include performing analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in a system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit of the electronic stethoscope. Furthermore, the method may include performing signal processing in a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. Furthermore, the method may include digitally amplifying the filtered sound data and digitally controlling the output volume using buttons located on the body of the electronic stethoscope. The method may also include bringing the first output to a wired listening module that can be connected to an external device via an audio port, which is configured to receive a compatible wired connection cable.

[0008] Several embodiments may relate to a method for operating an electronic stethoscope. The method may include placing the electronic stethoscope on the auscultation area of ​​a human subject to acquire sound data as input. The method may also include initially filtering the sound data through a bandpass filter in the electronic circuitry of the electronic stethoscope, configured to selectively reject signals upon input. The method may further include performing analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in a system-on-chip based microcontroller unit of the electronic stethoscope. Furthermore, the method may include performing further filtering using a combination of signal processing in a digital signal processing unit with a noise reduction algorithm and a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. Furthermore, the method may include digitally amplifying the filtered sound data and digitally controlling the output volume using buttons located on the body of the electronic stethoscope. The method may also include preparing the amplified sound signal for wireless transmission via a wireless transmission module as a second output within the system-on-chip based microcontroller unit. The method may further include transmitting the prepared amplified sound signal to an external system or mobile user interface.

[0009] Other embodiments may relate to the apparatus. The apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory that, when executed by the processor, stores instructions that cause the apparatus to register a user within the user interface of the computing device. The apparatus may also prompt the user of the computing device to select a body position and location of a subject for examination. The apparatus may receive recordings of sound data at the location of the human body. Furthermore, the apparatus may also select internal filters to highlight and manipulate the sound data based on the location. The apparatus may also generate time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms based on the sound data. The apparatus may further display time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms.

[0010] Some embodiments may focus on a device. The device may include at least one processor and at least one memory that, when executed by the processor, stores instructions causing the device to acquire sound data as input from the auscultation area of ​​at least a human subject. The device may also filter the sound data first via a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject signals upon input. The device may further perform analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in the device's system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. Furthermore, the device may perform signal processing in a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. The device may also digitally amplify the filtered sound data and digitally control the output volume using buttons located on the body of the electronic stethoscope. Furthermore, the device may provide a first output to a wired listening module that can be connected to an external device via an audio port, the audio port configured to receive a compatible wired connection cable.

[0011] Other embodiments may relate to a device. The device may include at least one processor and at least one memory that, when executed by the processor, stores instructions causing the device to acquire sound data as input from the auscultation area of ​​at least a human subject. The device may also filter the sound data initially through a bandpass filter within the device's electronics, which is configured to selectively reject signals upon input. The device may further perform analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter within the device's system-on-chip microcontroller unit. Furthermore, the device may perform signal processing in a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm, and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. The device may also digitally amplify the filtered sound data and digitally control the output volume using buttons located on the device's body. Within the system-on-chip microcontroller unit, the device may prepare an amplified sound signal for wireless transmission via a wireless transmission module as a second output. Furthermore, the device may transmit the prepared amplified sound signal to an external system or mobile user interface.

[0012] The accompanying drawings, included and incorporated herein and constituting part of this specification, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with the detailed description, are useful in illustrating the principles of the invention. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] An example electronic circuit diagram of an electronic stethoscope according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 2] A schematic diagram of an exemplary electronic stethoscope according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 3] A schematic diagram of another exemplary electronic stethoscope according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 4]A schematic diagram of a further exemplary electronic stethoscope according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 5] A schematic diagram of yet another exemplary electronic stethoscope according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 6] An example of a mobile user interface screen for selecting a body position according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 7] An example of another screen of a mobile user interface for location selection, according to one embodiment, is shown. [Figure 8] An example of another screen of a mobile user interface for location selection, according to one embodiment, is shown. [Figure 9] An example of another screen of a mobile user interface for recording, visualizing, saving, and playing back sound, according to one embodiment, is shown. [Figure 10] An example of another screen of a mobile user interface displaying audio recordings, according to one embodiment, is shown. [Figure 11] An example of another screen of a mobile user interface for labeling and commenting on sound recordings, according to one embodiment, is shown. [Figure 12] An example of a computer user interface screen for user information according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 13] An example of another screen of a computer user interface containing patient records, according to one embodiment, is shown. [Figure 14] An example of another screen of a computer user interface showing sound recording according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 15] An example of an overall schematic representation of an electronic stethoscope and its elements according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 16] An example of a mobile user interface screen for objective sound analysis according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 17] An illustrative flowchart of the method according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 18] An illustrative flowchart of another method according to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 19] Exemplary flowchart of a further method according to an embodiment is shown. [Figure 20] An exemplary device according to an embodiment is shown.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] As generally described and illustrated in the figures of this specification, it will be readily understood that the components of an exemplary embodiment can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. The following is a detailed description of some embodiments of an electronic stethoscope system for sound acquisition, analysis, and transmission.

[0015] The features, structures, or characteristics of the exemplary embodiments described throughout this specification can be combined in any suitable way in one or more exemplary embodiments. For example, throughout this specification, the use of the phrases "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", or other similar phrases refers to the fact that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in relation to the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment. Thus, throughout this specification, the occurrences of the phrases "in an embodiment", "in an exemplary embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in other embodiments", or other similar phrases do not necessarily all refer to the same group of embodiments, and the described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable way in one or more exemplary embodiments.

[0016] Furthermore, if desired, the different functions or steps described below can be performed in a different order and / or simultaneously with each other. Additionally, if desired, one or more of the described functions or steps can be optional or can be combined. Thus, the following description should be considered as merely illustrative of the principles and teachings of an exemplary embodiment and not as a limitation thereof.

[0017] As used herein, the terms “and / or” mean their individual elements (members) or any combination thereof. As an unrestricted example, “X is A, B, and / or C” means the following possibilities: namely, X is A; X is B; X is C; X is any combination of A, B, and C (A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B, and C). As already included in the above descriptions of singular and plural forms, if A is a genus, “individual members” and A each explicitly mean that they include one or more members of A. Thus, as applied to the unrestricted example above, “X is A, B, and / or C” means X is one or more members of A; X is B; X is C; X is any combination of A, B, and C (i.e., B and one or more members of A; C and one or more members of A; B and C; B, C, and one or more members of A). Similarly, if B is a genus, the answer is "one or more members of B," and the same applies to C if C is a genus.

[0018] Where used herein, approximate words such as “about,” “substantially,” “essentially,” and “approximately” mean that the word or phrase modified by the term does not need to be written exactly and may differ to some extent from the written description. The degree to which it may differ from the description depends on the extent of the change and whether a person skilled in the art would recognize the modified version as still possessing the characteristics, features, and capabilities of the modified word or phrase. In general, with the foregoing description in mind, numerical values ​​in this specification modified by approximate words may vary by approximately ±10% from the stated values ​​unless otherwise specified.

[0019] Where used herein, a range may be expressed as “approximately” from one particular value and / or “approximately” from another particular value. Where such a range is expressed, it includes another embodiment, which ranges from one particular value and / or from another particular value. Similarly, where the antecedent “approximately” is used to express a value as an approximation, it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. As a non-restrictive example, if “approximately 1 to approximately 4” is disclosed, another embodiment is “1 to approximately 4,” even if not explicitly disclosed. Similarly, if one disclosed embodiment is a temperature of “approximately 30°C,” another embodiment is “30°C,” even if not explicitly disclosed.

[0020] As used herein, “at least one X” or “one or more X” includes the single X if only one X exists, and may include all X, just one X, or as many intermediate Xs as possible if two or more Xs exist. As a non-restrictive example, if only one article exists, “at least one article” and “one or more articles” refer to that one article. However, if there are four articles, “at least one article” includes one, two, three, or all four articles. Similarly, if there are four articles, “one or more articles” includes one, two, three, or all four articles.

[0021] One embodiment may provide an electronic stethoscope for sound acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and analysis. For example, one embodiment may provide an electronic stethoscope capable of amplifying and wirelessly transmitting chest sounds. The electronic stethoscope may also include a software application with an additional set of functions to assist caregivers in diagnosing heart and lung diseases. The wireless transmission function of the electronic stethoscope may enable other use cases in addition to direct listening in clinical settings. The sound from this digital electronic stethoscope may be further used for further manipulation to extract other useful information about the patient's respiratory and cardiac health.

[0022] Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 show an example of an electronic stethoscope according to one embodiment. The electronic stethoscope 01 may be handheld and lightweight. In some embodiments, the electronic stethoscope 01 may have a body 25 including a power button 21, a metal external chest piece 41 covered with a diaphragm, lower holes (for charging) 31 and (for audio) 32 acting as ports, volume control buttons 22, 23, a light pipe as an indicator 24, and an electronic circuit inside the body as shown in Figure 1. The external chest piece 41 of the electronic stethoscope 01 is covered with a diaphragm and may house an acoustic transducer 16. The acoustic transducer 16 may be a microphone according to the embodiment. The inner surfaces of the chest piece 41 and the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 may be smoothed to reduce the capture of external noise.

[0023] In one embodiment, the electronic stethoscope 01 can be turned on by pressing a power button 21. This illuminates a light pipe 24, which acts as an indicator on the body of the electronic stethoscope 01, and brings it to a stable state of white light. The function of the light pipe can be controlled by a system-on-a-chip (SoC) based microcontroller 15 inside the electronic circuit shown in Figure 1. The electronic stethoscope 01 can then be placed on the skin or clothing of a human subject to acquire heart and lung sounds as input. In another embodiment, the electronic stethoscope 01 can also acquire digestive sounds from the gastrointestinal region of a human subject, neck sounds, and fetal sounds. The sounds are then sent to the electronic circuit shown in Figure 1 inside the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01, which includes data processing and data transmission elements.

[0024] The sound data enters a filter, which DC-biases the output of the acoustic transducer and powers an amplification transistor embedded in the acoustic transducer / microphone. This amplification transistor boosts the weak microphone signal to an appropriate level. From the filter, the sound data enters a system-on-chip (SoC) based microcontroller unit (MCU) 15, which has an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 15a, a digital signal processing (DSP) unit 15b, a wireless transmission module 15c, and a user control unit 15d. The sound data is converted into a digital signal by the ADC, which then enters the DSP unit 15b. This unit can use various processing techniques, including noise reduction algorithms and specific filtering methods tailored to different auscultation needs. One filtering technique is a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The FIR filter coefficients are programmable and can be adjusted to optimize the filter response. FIR filters can achieve sharper transitions between desired and undesirable frequencies and provide a linear phase response. This minimizes signal distortion and ensures that the temporal characteristics of the sound are reliably preserved.

[0025] In one embodiment, the DSP unit 15b may utilize an FIR filter designed as a bandpass filter targeting a specific frequency range, such as heart and lung sounds. In another embodiment, the FIR filter allows for the acceptance of heart, lung, digestive tract, neck, and fetal sounds. In yet another embodiment, separate filters may exist for each of the chest, digestive tract, neck, and fetal sound data, which can be activated by a switch on the main body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01. Filtering may be performed before the signal passes through the digital control amplifier 18 of the electronic circuit in Figure 1 to ensure that errors and losses during the filtering stage are minimized.

[0026] In some embodiments, the electronic circuit in Figure 1 is designed to have components for both passive and digital filtering, so that both passive and digital filters can be used sequentially. The passive bandpass filter 17 can provide some initial filtering, and then the FIR filter of the DSP unit 15b can further refine the signal.

[0027] The sound data then passes from the DSP unit 15b through an amplifier 18 that amplifies the sound coming from the acoustic transducer. A digital potentiometer can be used, and its function can be controlled by an SoC-based microcontroller 15, which allows the user to manually adjust the volume level of the sound using buttons 22 and 23 via the user control unit 15c.

[0028] The volume can be increased using the volume up button 23 and decreased using the volume down button 22. Sound data is simultaneously transmitted from the amplifier 18 to the user-side wired listening module (output 1) via the audio port 32. The audio port 32 may be located inside one of the holes at the bottom of the main body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01. In one embodiment, the user turns on the electronic stethoscope 01, inserts the audio jack of the wired listening module into the audio port 32, places the chest piece 41 of the electronic stethoscope 01 on the target skin or clothing worn, and listens to the sound directly. The volume level of the sound can be adjusted using the volume up 23 and volume down 22 buttons in the electronic circuit in Figure 1. In an embodiment, the wired listening module may include over-ear headphones, in-ear phones, or ear tubes of a conventional stethoscope with an audio jack. Thus, the audio port 32 inside the main body of the electronic stethoscope provides versatility to the user, allowing the user to use a listening module as needed.

[0029] After analog-to-digital conversion, amplification, and filtering, the enhanced and digitized audio data is ready to be transmitted wirelessly to an external system via a wireless transmission module 15c in an SoC-based microcontroller, which may be a user interface (output 2). In one embodiment, the wireless transmission module 15c is a Bluetooth® module in an SoC-based microcontroller that transmits the digitized audio data to an external system via Bluetooth® transmission. In another embodiment, the wireless transmission module 15c is a Wi-Fi® module that transmits the digitized audio data to an external system. The present invention has both Bluetooth® and Wi-Fi® transmission modules installed in an SoC-based microcontroller.

[0030] In one embodiment, the power supply block in the electronic circuit of Figure 1 is located within the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 and includes a rechargeable battery 14 that supplies power to the electronic circuit of Figure 1. In this embodiment, the battery may be a standard Li-Po (lithium polymer) battery. Another port 31 located at the bottom of the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 may function as a micro USB Type-C port for charging the battery with a 5V input. The battery may be connected to a battery management system (BMS) 12 that charges the battery with 94% efficiency and discharges the battery with 92% efficiency. The BMS 12 generates a 5V bus that is consistently controlled to enhance system performance and provide overcharge, over-discharge, and reverse power tracking protection. Requirements for a 3.3V bus may be met by a linear voltage regulator (LDO) 13. Electrostatic discharge protection for the power supply block is provided on the power lines and USB communication lines to ensure safety from electric shock. A light pipe indicator 24 on the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 slowly pulsates a white light when the battery 14 is plugged in for charging. When battery 14 is fully charged, the light pipe indicator will show a stable white light.

[0031] Next, the power supply block in the electronic circuit of Figure 1 will be described. The rechargeable battery 14 may be located within the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01, which supplies power to the electronic circuit of Figure 1. In this embodiment, the battery may be a standard Li-Po battery. Another port 31 located at the bottom of the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 may function as a micro USB Type-C port for charging the battery with a 5V input. The battery 14 may be connected to a battery management system (BMS) 12 that charges the battery with 94% efficiency and discharges the battery with 92% efficiency. The BMS 12 generates a 5V bus that is consistently controlled to enhance system performance and provide overcharge, over-discharge, and reverse power tracking protection. Requirements for the 3.3V bus may be met by a linear voltage regulator (LDO) 13. Electrostatic discharge protection for the power supply block may be provided on the power lines and USB communication lines to ensure safety from electric shock. The light pipe indicator 24 on the main unit 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 slowly pulses white light when the battery 14 is inserted for charging. When the battery 14 is fully charged, the light pipe indicator shows a stable white light.

[0032] In this embodiment, the electronic circuit and all its elements shown in Figure 1 may be embedded in a printed circuit board (PCB) 51 and arranged inside the main body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01, as shown in Figure 5.

[0033] One embodiment may also include a user interface that receives a wireless output 2 from the electronic circuit shown in Figure 1. The user interface may be a mobile and computer user interface 02, 03, shown in Figures 9 and 14, located in an external system. The external system may be a mobile device 151 and / or computer system 152, 153, according to embodiments such as those shown in Figure 15. The mobile user interface 02 is described by an operating electronic stethoscope 01, followed by a specification of the computer user interface 03. For example, in an embodiment, the electronic stethoscope 01 can be turned on while in operation to activate the electronic circuit in Figure 1, which turns on the wireless transmitter module 15c in the electronic circuit in Figure 1. A mobile phone device having the mobile user interface 02 may be activated for a Bluetooth® connection within the mobile phone. The wireless transmitter module 15c in the SoC, which is a Bluetooth® module according to an embodiment, may have a unique identification number that can be operated via hardware programming to display a label or a designated name. After power-up, the electronic stethoscope 01 searches for an external system to connect to. Pressing the power button 21 twice quickly puts Bluetooth® into pairing mode, and the light pipe indicator 24 displays a faster blue pulse. The mobile device displays a list of available remote devices within Bluetooth® range. The unique identification number or label or designated name of the electronic stethoscope 01 also appears in the list. When selected for pairing, a prompt appears on the mobile device screen requesting permission from the user to pair or connect with the electronic stethoscope 01. Once permission is granted and pairing is established, the light pipe indicator 24 displays a steady blue light indicating that Bluetooth® is active and paired.

[0034] In this embodiment, the user turns on the electronic stethoscope 01, pairs it with the mobile user interface 02, places it on the target skin or clothing, acquires sound data from the target, and transmits it to the mobile user interface 02 via the wireless output 2.

[0035] Within the mobile user interface 02, the user is prompted to register upon first use. Registration assigns the user a unique identification number (ID), password, and a dedicated account from which the user can enter and edit details such as name, contact information, and job title. The user can then log in to the account using the same unique ID and password. The user is prompted to select the body position of the subject in Figure 6 and the examination locations (locations from which sounds are acquired) in Figures 7 and 8. Based on the locations, selected internal filters may be further applied to the sound data using computer-coded instructions embedded within the mobile user interface. According to one embodiment, these locations and filters may be for separate heart and lung locations. In another embodiment, the user interface also provides location options and filters for digestive sound data from the gastrointestinal region. Filters within the mobile user interface 02 may be implemented to remove undesirable sounds from the surrounding area of ​​the body and further enhance sound quality.

[0036] The recording screen in Figure 9 within the user interface may allow the user to receive sound data from the electronic stethoscope 01 in real time by pressing a button 91 on the screen, visualize the sound data in both time and time-frequency domain waveforms 94, and save 92 and play back 93 the same sound data. The sound data may be stored in the internal memory of the mobile phone device (local storage) 151, an external device or system 152, 153, or in a database 155 of an internet-based cloud 154.

[0037] In this embodiment, a healthcare professional user can log in to a dedicated account, create and record a patient repository 91, and visualize and save recordings of one or more sounds from the electronic stethoscope 01 on the mobile user interface 02, as shown in Figure 10. The user can then plug the external listening module into the audio jack of the mobile phone device, play the sounds on the mobile user interface 02, and listen through the listening module. The volume level can be further increased or decreased based on the user's choice and the user's listening ability by adjusting the volume control of the mobile phone device and / or the volume control of the external listening module. The healthcare professional can also label the sounds after examining them. The sound labels, along with any other comments from the healthcare professional in a text field, can be saved on the user interface, as shown in Figure 11.

[0038] In some embodiments, sound data can be stored in local storage, an external or cloud-based database, according to the region in which the sound was acquired, and can be further arranged according to labels assigned to the sounds by healthcare professionals, as shown in Figure 11.

[0039] In another embodiment, the user is the person who has registered and logged into the mobile user interface, and uses the electronic stethoscope 01 and the mobile user interface 02 to record and store sound data 91 and 92, and can selectively share the sound recordings with other users remotely using the same user interface and internet connection.

[0040] In some embodiments, in addition to the mobile interface, there may be a computer user interface 03. The computer user interface 03 is shown in Figures 12, 13, and 14. The computer user interface 03 may have all the elements and operational features of the mobile user interface 02, but the computer user interface 03 is deployed on computer and laptop systems.

[0041] According to the embodiment, the operating electronic stethoscope 01 may be used by a user to acquire, listen to, and record sound data at a certain geographical location, and may also be shared with other users at other geographical locations. In the embodiment, one user acquiring, listening to, and recording the sound data may be the subject themselves or the subject's caregiver, and the other user may be a healthcare professional. The subject, or the subject's caregiver, can use this embodiment to wirelessly transmit the sound data to the healthcare professional for examination and expert opinion. The sound data after evaluation may be labeled and commented on by the healthcare professional within mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03.

[0042] One embodiment may also include a method for objective analysis of chest sound data obtained from either the electronic stethoscope 01 or an embodiment of the electronic stethoscope of another embodiment. According to the embodiment, the analysis method is a set of computer-coded instructions that are applied separately to the cardiac and lung sound data. Inference may be made based on a computer-based classification model that has been pre-trained on normal and abnormal cardiac and lung sound data.

[0043] In one embodiment, sound data received from the location of the heart and lungs, acquired via an electronic stethoscope 01, can be further enhanced through filters in mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03. This is to remove unwanted sound data from the surrounding areas and organs of the heart and lungs. Next, a method for analyzing the heart sound data is described. The heart sound data, which may also be called sound samples, are each recording, but can be segmented into segments of equal size by applying sample padding to the samples. This technique not only solves the problem of variable length but also provides additional samples, feeding each heart sound sample separately to a computer-implemented analysis model in the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03. The computer-implemented analysis model is trained with the heart sound data to classify the heart sounds into target classes. As each segment is passed through the analysis model, a probability calculation for one of the target classes is performed. The final probability of the sound is the average probability of all segments displayed in the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03.

[0044] The analysis model may include a classifier that utilizes information from heart sound data to generate a probabilistic cardiac state report. This model processes audio signals of varying lengths by segmenting the signal into several samples of fixed length. Segmentation increases the number of samples by utilizing the entire audio signal, and some parts of the signal are reused, which can be called data augmentation. Two types of deep learning-based classification analysis models can be constructed. Deep learning is a novel methodology in artificial intelligence that takes historical data as input features, learns patterns in the data through training according to specified target variables, and then classifies unknown data as one of the specified target classes. The first model can learn representations directly from audio waveforms instead of extracting relevant information from other manual computational methods such as spectrograms, resulting in reduced computational cost and the amount of data required for training. In the second analysis model, the segmented window of each sample is converted into a spectrogram, which is a visual way of representing the intensity of the heart sound signal over time at various frequencies. This visual representation also shows how the energy levels change over time. In the embodiment, spectrogram analysis can be performed to determine the major frequency components, thereby providing useful and distinctive insights into the effective classification of heart sound signals.

[0045] In some embodiments, lung sound data may be preprocessed by applying filters within mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03 and stored in a digital audio format. These sounds may then be normalized to remove amplitude variations resampled at low frequencies and divided into small, equal-duration audio slices. Each slice may be converted into a spectrogram (2D image) by taking the amplitude of a Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and stored in an image format. According to one embodiment, spectrogram analysis may be performed to determine the major frequency components, thereby providing useful and unique insights into the effective classification of the lung sound signals. According to another embodiment, a deep learning method may be used for classification purposes. This method may include computer-coded instructions used for multi-class pathology detection in lung sound data, with a score assigned to each class.

[0046] In some embodiments, a set of computer-coded instructions may be a classifier that utilizes information from sound data received via mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03 to generate a probabilistic report 161 regarding the desired sound analysis result. In other embodiments, the processing, analysis, and generation of reports of sound data may be deployed and performed within the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03, as shown in Figure 16.

[0047] In the embodiments, the mobile and computer user interfaces 02 and 03 may also use computer-coded instructions to calculate heart rate and respiratory rate and display them on the user interface screen.

[0048] In another embodiment, the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03 may also include a repository of abnormal sounds, in addition to guided modules and lessons for learning auscultation to study the health of the heart, lungs, neck, stomach, and fetus.

[0049] In one embodiment, the user can turn on the electronic stethoscope 01 by pressing the power button 21 and insert the audio jack of an external listening module into the audio port 32 of the electronic stethoscope 01. The light pipe indicator 24 on the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 will enter a stable white state indicating that the electronic stethoscope 01 is on. A quick double press of the power button 21 can activate Bluetooth® for pairing, and the light pipe indicator 24 will show a faster blue pulse light. A mobile or computer device having a mobile and computer user interface 02, 03 can also be turned on simultaneously. The Bluetooth® module of the mobile or computer device can be activated. The Bluetooth® module in the electronic circuit of the electronic stethoscope 01 in Figure 1 can then search for available devices within range. After the user finds the name / label of the electronic stethoscope 01 in the list of available devices, they can select it and pair the mobile or computer device with the electronic stethoscope 01. Another light pipe indicator 24 on the body of the electronic stethoscope 01 will show a stable blue light indicating that the device and the mobile 02 or computer user interface 03 are now connected. Using the mobile or computer interface, the user can log in to a pre-registered dedicated user account and prepare to record new sound inputs by selecting the target body position (Figure 6) and location (Figures 7 and 8) and acquiring sounds from there.

[0050] Next, the user can place the electronic stethoscope 01 on the subject's skin or clothing and listen to sounds in real time via an external listening module plugged into the electronic stethoscope 01. After waiting a few seconds for the subject to stabilize, the user can press the record button 91 in the new sound input screen of the mobile and computer interface to record sound data in real time while the user is simultaneously listening to sounds from the electronic stethoscope 01. The sound data is then saved 92 and visualized 94 as both time and time-frequency domain waveforms, played back 93 at a selected volume by the user in the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03, examined, and then labeled and commented on by the user (Figure 11). The sound data can be simultaneously stored in the local memory of the mobile 151 or computer device 152, 153, arranged according to the assigned labels and the location where the data is acquired, as well as in the database 155 of the internet-based cloud 154. The user can then launch a computer-based objective analysis method in the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03. The analysis method, as shown in Figure 16, objectively analyzes the sound, displays the inference, and generates a report according to the inference within the mobile and computer user interfaces 02 and 03. In some embodiments, the user can remotely share the report 161 and associated sound recordings 101 with any other user.

[0051] In another embodiment, with respect to usage, the electronic stethoscope 01 may be used as a standalone device for sound acquisition, onboard processing, and real-time listening. The user can turn on the electronic stethoscope 01 by pressing the power button 21 and insert the audio jack of an external listening module into the audio port 32 of the electronic stethoscope 01. The light pipe indicator 24 on the body 25 of the electronic stethoscope 01 displays a stable white light indicating that the electronic stethoscope 01 is on. The user can then place the electronic stethoscope 01 on the target skin or worn clothing and listen to the sound in real time through the external listening module plugged into the electronic stethoscope 01.

[0052] In another embodiment, the user may use an electronic stethoscope for learning auscultation in medical practice. In some embodiments, an audio splitter and speaker may be used together with the electronic stethoscope 01 and user interfaces 02, 03 (Figures 9 and 14).

[0053] According to one embodiment, the splitter can be connected to the audio port 32 of the electronic stethoscope, acting as an extension of the port and allowing multiple headsets / earphones to be connected to it. In another example, three headsets / earphones can be connected to the audio splitter. When the electronic stethoscope 01 is turned on and a patient is examined, multiple users can hear the sounds from the electronic stethoscope. In medical practice, for bedside instruction, instructors and their students (doctors, nurses, physiotherapists) can use the electronic stethoscope 01 to teach and learn medical auscultation. Instructors can demonstrate and teach sports abnormal sounds from hospital patients to students, making the learning experience more realistic and personalized. This embodiment may also include the use of a user interface when listening to sounds, allowing the user to connect to user interfaces 02, 03 (Figures 9 and 14) and save real-time abnormal sounds from actual patients to a user interface cloud database. The user interface in this embodiment also has all the features described herein.

[0054] In another embodiment for auscultation learning in medical practice, the electronic stethoscope 01 may be connected to a speaker via a male-to-male auxiliary cable. One end is inserted into the audio port 32 of the electronic stethoscope 01, and the other end is inserted into the audio port of the speaker. In this embodiment, live audio transmission can be performed, enabling the amplified reproduction of human body sounds during auscultation learning in a classroom setting for medical practice.

[0055] In another embodiment, the electronic stethoscope 01 may be connected to a desktop computer via a male-to-male auxiliary cable. One end is inserted into the audio port 32 of the electronic stethoscope 01, and the other end is inserted into the audio port of the desktop computer. In this connection, healthcare professionals can achieve direct, real-time recording of sound data to the computer system. This wired connection eliminates potential delays associated with wireless recording, potentially weak internet and Bluetooth® pairing issues, cloud upload time, and subsequent integration with electronic health record (EHR) systems. This connection process enables seamless data capture and immediate inclusion of auscultation data within the patient's digital medical record.

[0056] In yet another variation of this embodiment, in relation to the method of use, stored recordings in the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03 are played back via an external speaker. The external speaker connects wirelessly to the mobile and computer user interfaces 02, 03 and plays back sound at a volume controlled by the user from within the mobile and computer interfaces and / or from the speaker itself. This embodiment enables a more efficient method of teaching the skills of sound acquisition, listening, and evaluation using an electronic stethoscope.

[0057] In another embodiment, the electronic stethoscope 01 may be used for transmitting auscultation sounds over long distances to a remote location. The electronic stethoscope 01 may be connected via a male-to-male auxiliary cable to an external computer system or mobile device, i.e., one end in the audio port 32 of the electronic stethoscope 01 and the other end in the audio port of the external computer system or mobile device. Using a higher bandwidth Wi-Fi® network and third-party communication software, the electronic stethoscope 01, when turned on and placed in a position for auscultation on a human body, can electronically transmit sound to a remote location. This embodiment is effective for telemedicine-enabled health checkups and real-time remote sound transmission.

[0058] Figure 17 shows an exemplary flowchart of a method according to an exemplary embodiment. According to an exemplary embodiment, the method of Figure 17 may include, at 1700, registering a user in the user interface of a computing device. At 1705, the method may include prompting the user of the computing device to select the position and location of the subject for examination. At 1710, the method may include receiving a recording of sound data at the location of the human body via an electronic stethoscope. At 1715, the method may include selecting an internal filter of the electronic stethoscope to highlight and manipulate the sound data based on the location. At 1720, the method may include generating time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms based on the sound data. At 1725, the method may include displaying the time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the method may also include determining heart rate and respiratory rate from sound data and displaying the determination results via a user interface. According to some embodiments, the method may further include storing the sound data in a cloud database and separating the stored sound data into multiple repositories according to the location of the human body. According to other embodiments, the method may also include identifying abnormal patterns in the sound data based on the determined heart rate and respiratory rate. According to further embodiments, identification may include segmenting the sound data into segments of equal size by applying sample padding to the sound data, classifying the segmented sound data into at least one target class, and generating a probabilistic health status report based on the classification.

[0060] Figure 18 shows an illustrative flowchart of another method according to one embodiment. According to a particular embodiment, the method of Figure 18 may, in 1800, place an electronic stethoscope over the area of ​​a subject, which is a human, to acquire sound data as input. In 1805, the method may, for the first time, filter the sound data through a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject the signal at input. In 1810, the method may, perform analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in a system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit of the electronic stethoscope. In 1815, the method may, perform further filtering using a combination of signal processing in a digital signal processing unit with a noise reduction algorithm and a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. In 1820, the method may, digitally, amplify the filtered sound data. In 1825, the method may, digitally, control the output volume using buttons located on the body of the electronic stethoscope. In 1830, the method may include providing a first output to a wired listening module that can be connected to an external device via an audio port, the audio port being configured to receive a compatible wired connection cable.

[0061] Figure 19 shows an illustrative flowchart of another method according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the method of Figure 19 may, in 1900, place an electronic stethoscope on the auscultation area of ​​a human being to acquire sound data as input. In 1905, the method may include filtering the sound data for the first time through a bandpass filter in the electronic circuitry of the electronic stethoscope, the electronic circuitry may be configured to selectively reject signals at input. In 1910, the method may include performing analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in a system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit of the electronic stethoscope. In 1915, the method may include performing further filtering using a combination of signal processing in a digital signal processing unit with a noise reduction algorithm and a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. In 1920, the method may include digitally amplifying the filtered sound data. In 1925, the method may include digitally controlling the output volume using buttons located on the body of the electronic stethoscope. In 1930, the method may include preparing an amplified sound signal for wireless transmission via a wireless transmission module as a second output within a system-on-chip based microcontroller unit. In 1935, the method may include transmitting the prepared amplified sound signal to an external system or mobile user interface.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the method may also include rejecting signals at inputs other than those related to a selected organ or human subject having a specific frequency band range. According to another embodiment, the method may further include adjusting the volume of sound data.

[0063] Figure 20 shows a device 60 according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, the device 60 may be an element capable of communicating with a communication network, or may be connected to a communication network, or may be associated with such a network. For example, the device 60 may be an electronic stethoscope, a computer system, a mobile device, or a database.

[0064] As shown in the example in Figure 20, the device 60 may represent an electronic stethoscope 01, computer systems 152, 153, and a database 155. The device 60 may include, or be coupled to, a processor 62 for processing information and executing instructions or operations. The processor 62 may be any type of general-purpose or application-specific processor. In fact, the processor 62 may include, for example, one or more of the following: a general-purpose computer, an application-specific computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and a processor based on a multicore processor architecture. Although a single processor 62 is shown in Figure 20, multiple processors may be available according to other exemplary embodiments. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the device 60 may include two or more processors (for example, in this case, the processor 62 may represent a multiprocessor) that can form a multiprocessor system capable of supporting multiprocessing. According to one embodiment, a multiprocessor system may be tightly coupled or loosely coupled (for example, to form a computer cluster).

[0065] The processor 62 may perform functions related to the operation of the device 60, including, as some examples, precoding antenna gain / phase parameters, encoding and decoding individual bits that form a communication message, formatting information, and overall control of the device 60, including the processes shown in Figures 1 to 19.

[0066] The device 60 further includes, or may be coupled to, a memory 14 (internal or external) that can be coupled to the processor 62 for storing information and instructions that can be executed by the processor 62. The memory 64 may be one or more of any type of memory suitable for the local application environment and may be implemented using any suitable volatile or non-volatile data storage technology such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and / or removable memory. For example, the memory 64 may consist of any combination of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), static storage such as magnetic or optical disks, hard disk drives (HDDs), or any other type of non-temporary machine or computer-readable medium. Instructions stored in the memory 64 may include program instructions or computer program code that, when executed by the processor 62, enable the device 60 to perform the tasks described herein.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, the device 60 may further include, or be coupled to, a drive or port (internal or external) configured to accept and read an external computer-readable storage medium, such as an optical disc, a USB drive, a flash drive, or any other storage medium. For example, the external computer-readable storage medium may store a computer program or software to be executed by the processor 62 and / or the device 60 to perform any of the methods shown in Figures 1 to 19.

[0068] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 60 may also include, or be coupled to, one or more antennas 65 for receiving downlink signals and transmitting them from the device 60 over the uplink. The device 60 may further include a transceiver 68 configured to send and receive information. The transceiver 68 may also include a radio interface (e.g., a modem) coupled to the antenna 65. The radio interface may include other components such as filters, converter signal shaping components for processing symbols carried over the downlink or uplink.

[0069] For example, the transceiver 68 may be configured to modulate information into a carrier waveform for transmission by the antenna 65 for further processing by other elements of the device 60, and to demodulate the information received via the antenna 65. In other exemplary embodiments, the transceiver 68 may be capable of directly transmitting and receiving signals or data. Additionally or alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, the device 60 may include input and / or output devices (I / O devices). In some exemplary embodiments, the device 60 may further include a user interface such as a graphical user interface or a touchscreen.

[0070] In one exemplary embodiment, memory 64 stores software modules that provide functionality when executed by processor 62. These modules may include, for example, an operating system that provides operating system functionality to the device 60. Memory may also store one or more functional modules, such as applications or programs, to provide additional functionality to the device 60. The components of the device 60 may be implemented by hardware or as any suitable combination of hardware and software.

[0071] According to one exemplary embodiment, the processor 62 and memory 64 may be included in or form part of a processing circuit or control circuit. Furthermore, in some exemplary embodiments, the transceiver 68 may be included in or form part of a transmitting and receiving circuit.

[0072] As used herein, the term “circuit” can mean a hardware-only circuit implementation (e.g., analog and / or digital circuits), a combination of hardware circuits and software, a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits and software / firmware, any part of a hardware processor (including a digital signal processor) that has software that works together to cause a device (e.g., device 60) to perform various functions, and / or a hardware circuit and / or processor, or part thereof, that uses software for operation but may not have software if software is not required for operation. As a further example, as used herein, the term “circuit” can also mean an implementation of a hardware circuit or processor (or more processors), or a part of a hardware circuit or processor, and the software and / or firmware associated therewith.

[0073] In one embodiment, the device 60 may be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to register a user within the user interface of a computing device. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to prompt the user of the computing device to select the position and location of the subject for examination. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to receive recordings of sound data at the location of the human body. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to select internal filters of the device to enhance and manipulate the sound data based on the location. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to generate time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms based on the sound data. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to display time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms.

[0074] In one embodiment, the device 60 may be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to acquire sound data as input from the auscultation area of ​​a human subject. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to initially filter the sound data through a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject the signal upon input. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to perform analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in the device's system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to perform signal processing in a digital signal processing unit using further filtering by a combination of a noise reduction algorithm and a second digital filter including a finite impulse response filter. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to digitally amplify the filtered sound data. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to digitally control the output volume using buttons located on the main body of the device. The device 60 can also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to provide a first output to a wired listening module that can be connected to an external device via an audio port, and the audio port is configured to accept a compatible wired connection cable.

[0075] In one embodiment, the device 60 may be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to acquire sound data as input from the auscultation area of ​​a human subject. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to initially filter the sound data through a bandpass filter in the device's electronics, which is configured to selectively reject signals upon input. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to perform analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in the device's system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to process signals in a digital signal processing unit using further filtering by a combination of noise reduction algorithms and a second digital filter including a finite impulse response filter. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to digitally amplify the filtered sound data. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to digitally control the output volume using buttons located on the body of the device. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 within a system-on-chip microcontroller unit to prepare an amplified sound signal for wireless transmission via a wireless transmission module as a second output. The device 60 may also be controlled by memory 64 and processor 62 to transmit the prepared amplified sound signal to an external system or mobile user interface.

[0076] In some exemplary embodiments, the apparatus (e.g., apparatus 60) may include means for performing any of the methods, processes, or modifications described herein. Examples of means may include one or more processors, memory, controllers, transmitters, receivers, and / or computer program code for causing the performance of the operation.

[0077] One exemplary embodiment may include an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein, for example, means for registering a user within the user interface of a computing device. The apparatus may also include means for prompting a user of the computing device to select a body position and location of an object for examination. The apparatus may also include means for receiving recordings of sound data at the location of a human body. The apparatus may also include means for selecting internal filters of the apparatus to highlight and manipulate the sound data based on the location. Furthermore, the apparatus may include means for generating time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms based on the sound data. The apparatus may also include means for displaying time-domain waveforms and time-frequency waveforms.

[0078] Other specific exemplary embodiments may include an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein, for example, means for acquiring sound data as input from the auscultation area of ​​a subject that is a human. The apparatus may include means for filtering the sound data for the first time through a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject signals as input. The apparatus may further include means for performing analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in the apparatus's system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. Furthermore, the apparatus may include means for performing signal processing in a digital signal processing unit with a noise reduction algorithm and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. The apparatus may also include means for digitally amplifying the filtered sound data. The apparatus may further include means for digitally controlling the output volume using buttons located on the body of the apparatus. The apparatus may also include means for bringing the first output to a wired listening module that can be connected to an external device via an audio port, the audio port being configured to accept a compatible wired connection cable.

[0079] Other exemplary embodiments may include an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein, for example, means for acquiring sound data as input from the auscultation area of ​​a subject that is a human. The apparatus may also include means for filtering the sound data for the first time through a bandpass filter in the apparatus's electronics, the electronics being configured to selectively reject the signal upon input. The apparatus may further include means for performing analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter in the apparatus's system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. The apparatus may also include means for performing signal processing in a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm, and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter, including a finite impulse response filter. Furthermore, the apparatus may include means for digitally amplifying the filtered sound data. The apparatus may also include means for digitally controlling the output volume using buttons located on the body of the apparatus. The apparatus may also include means for preparing an amplified sound signal for wireless transmission via a wireless transmission module as a second output within the system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. The apparatus may further include means for transmitting the prepared amplified sound signal to an external system or mobile user interface.

[0080] Certain embodiments described herein offer several technical improvements, enhancements, and / or advantages. Some embodiments enable the provision of a more efficient method for teaching the skills of sound acquisition, listening, and evaluation using an electronic stethoscope. Other embodiments may enable effective telemedicine-enabled stethoscopes / auscultation and telesound transmission when recorded and shared in real time and via a user interface (application) of a mobile device. Further embodiments may enable effective auscultation reading, telelistening, examination, and sharing and analysis of sound data.

[0081] In some embodiments, improved connectivity and accessibility may be possible. For example, the electronic stethoscope may support both wired and wireless (e.g., built-in Bluetooth® and Wi-Fi® transmitters) connections to a smartphone or computer. These connectivity options may provide flexibility and convenience to various user preferences and environments. In further embodiments, it may be possible to record sounds with the electronic stethoscope while simultaneously listening to them in real time.

[0082] In other embodiments, the electronic stethoscope can enhance collaboration and education through multi-user listening via a splitter, through speaker listening, and through auxiliary cable listening, sharing, and recording of sound.

[0083] Multi-user listening via a splitter can facilitate group consultations or teaching scenarios. Furthermore, it allows multiple healthcare professionals to listen to the same sound simultaneously, supporting collaborative diagnosis and training of new practitioners.

[0084] In speaker-assisted auscultation, an electronic stethoscope can be connected to a speaker to amplify the sound in real time during auscultation. Furthermore, it may be possible to facilitate classroom education and training using an electronic stethoscope.

[0085] Unlike existing electronic stethoscopes that rely on recorded sound via Bluetooth® / Wi-Fi® connection with dedicated software apps, a novel electronic stethoscope can be introduced that features an auxiliary port integrated with the app's functionality, enabling auxiliary cable listening, sharing, and recording of sound. The auxiliary port offers significant advantages in healthcare and primary care settings. For example, by connecting the electronic stethoscope to a desktop computer using a standard auxiliary cable, healthcare professionals can directly record real-time sound data to the computer system. This wired connection eliminates potential delays associated with app-based recording, such as Bluetooth® pairing, Wi-Fi® dependency, cloud upload time, and subsequent integration with electronic health record (EHR) systems. This streamlined process also enables seamless data capture and immediate inclusion of vital sound information within the patient's digital medical record. Furthermore, the auxiliary port offers versatility to healthcare professionals. In addition to application-based listening options, the auxiliary port allows connection to various headphones (in-ear or over-the-head) for personalized listening preferences during patient examinations or group consultations. This feature can be particularly useful in noisy environments or when sound amplification is desired for teaching purposes.

[0086] In further embodiments, the electronic stethoscope may provide optimized sound management through, for example, programmable amplification and digital volume control. In the case of programmable amplification, the device can have programmable amplification up to 200 times. The user can control the amplification of the sound and adjust the volume based on personal preference and / or the patient's needs. In the case of digital volume control, the electronic stethoscope can use this type of volume control instead of an analog volume knob, which results in finer volume adjustment while avoiding the potential degradation of signal quality associated with analog control.

[0087] In some embodiments, electronic stethoscopes may have a user-centric design that allows the device to have a lightweight, portable design and headphone compatibility. For example, in some embodiments, the device design may facilitate ease of use, allowing the stethoscope to be carried in a pocket, backpack, or medical bag without adding considerable weight or bulk. In some embodiments, the device can also be used with a general-purpose headphone (in-ear or over-the-head) set. Other prior art or electronic stethoscopes are typically limited to the use of earphones or tailored earphones. On the other hand, electronic stethoscopes of certain embodiments eliminate the need for specialized and potentially expensive stethoscopes that have a built-in headpiece.

[0088] In other embodiments, electronic stethoscopes can offer improvements in data management and sharing. For example, the device may have on-device memory for storing sound recordings. This allows physicians to capture sounds even when they do not have immediate access to a computer or mobile network. In further embodiments, the device may offer easy transmission to mobile applications. For example, recordings may be seamlessly transmitted to a mobile device via a user interface (e.g., a mobile application, a web application). This facilitates sharing with colleagues, specialists, or patients for further analysis or remote consultation.

[0089] According to one embodiment, an electronic stethoscope may offer improved sound quality / sound processing. For example, a low-pass filter may be positioned to reduce signal loss, as ambient noise (outside the range of the actual filter) can be filtered before amplification. Furthermore, depending on the type of examination, additional digital passband filters may be implemented to dynamically adjust to focus on the relevant frequency range of heart, lung, or bowel sounds. The electronic stethoscope may also offer more processing and filtering implementation within the user interface (e.g., a mobile application) for a more refined sound experience. In some embodiments, any combination of the above advantages / improvements may be useful in accommodating the diverse demands of clinical environments, including noisy environments.

[0090] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the present invention as described above can be implemented in a different sequence of steps and / or with hardware elements of a different configuration than those disclosed. Therefore, although the invention has been described based on these exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain modifications, variations, and alternative structures will be apparent, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments.

Claims

1. It is an electronic stethoscope, A continuous material structure, a body comprising a first part configured to function as a chest piece, and a second part configured to function as a casing, An acoustic converter located within the main unit, configured to acquire sound data as input, An amplification transistor in the acoustic transducer, configured to boost a weak sound signal, The electronic circuit inside the main body, A power supply block within the aforementioned electronic circuit, configured to supply power to the aforementioned electronic circuit, A bandpass filter in the aforementioned electronic circuit, configured to selectively reject signals at the input, A system-on-chip based microcontroller unit within the aforementioned electronic circuit, further comprising an analog-to-digital converter, a digital signal processing unit, a wireless transmission module, and a user control element, An amplifier within the aforementioned electronic circuit, configured to amplify the sound data and to be digitally controlled by the user control element in the system-on-chip-based controller, An electronic stethoscope equipped with the following features.

2. The electronic stethoscope according to claim 1, wherein the first portion of the main body is defined as an external chest piece for housing the acoustic transducer.

3. A first output to a wired listening module via an audio port, wherein the wired listening module includes one of over-ear headphones, in-ear headphones, or an ear tube of a stethoscope having an audio jack, A second output to an external system, wherein the external system includes a mobile device or a computer system. A power button located on the main unit, configured to turn the electronic stethoscope on and off, The main unit includes one or more push buttons configured to control the volume, The electronic stethoscope according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising:

4. The amplifier is configured to digitally amplify the sound data. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amplifier is connected to a 5V bus and supplies stable power to the amplifier.

5. The aforementioned electronic circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter within the system-on-chip-based microcontroller. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the system-on-chip based microcontroller is configured to convert the signal from analog to digital format for further processing.

6. The digital signal processing unit within the system-on-chip-based microcontroller is configured to use processing techniques including noise reduction algorithms and digital filtering approaches that are tailored to different auscultation needs. The digital filtering technique of the digital filtering approach used includes a finite impulse response filter used in sequential combination with the bandpass filter, The bandpass filter is configured to provide initial filtering, and then the finite impulse response filter of the digital processing unit further refines the signal. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the finite impulse response filter is configured to target a specific frequency range that includes sounds of the heart, lungs, digestive tract, neck, and fetus.

7. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electronic circuit is embedded on a printed circuit board.

8. The aforementioned power supply block, Rechargeable battery, A universal serial bus Type-C port configured to charge the rechargeable battery and supply power to program the system-on-chip microcontroller module, The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: a battery management system configured to charge the rechargeable battery with an efficiency of 94% and discharge the rechargeable battery with an efficiency of 92%.

9. The battery management system is configured to generate a 5V bus that is consistently controlled to improve system performance and provide protection from overcharging, over-discharging, and reverse tracking protection. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery management system is configured to supply a 3.3V bus via a linear voltage regulator.

10. The first output is supplied to the wired listening module. The wired listening module can be connected to an external device via the audio port. The aforementioned audio port is configured to accept a compatible wired connection cable. The aforementioned sound data passes through the bandpass filter, the analog-to-digital converter, the digital signal processing unit, and the digitally controlled amplifier before being provided to the wired listening module via the audio port. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the compatible wired connection cable may include, but is not limited to, a male-to-male auxiliary cable.

11. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the second output is provided to the external system via the wireless transmission module after passing the sound data from the bandpass filter, the analog-to-digital converter, the digital signal processing unit, and the digitally controlled amplifier.

12. The filtering process includes multiple frequency ranges for different location-related auscultation sounds, including those of the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, neck, and fetus. The electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein there are separate filters for each target area that can be activated by a switch on the main body of the electronic stethoscope.

13. A method for processing sound data from an electronic stethoscope, Register the user within the user interface of the computing device, The user of the computing device is prompted to select the position of the subject for examination and the location of the subject. The recording of the sound data at the location of the human body is received via the electronic stethoscope. Based on the aforementioned position, select the internal filter of the electronic stethoscope to enhance and manipulate the sound data. Based on the aforementioned sound data, a time-domain waveform and a time-frequency waveform are generated. Displaying the time-domain waveform and the time-frequency waveform. Methods that include...

14. From the aforementioned sound data, determine the heart rate and respiratory rate. Display the result of the determination via the user interface. A method for processing sound data from an electronic stethoscope according to claim 13, further comprising:

15. The aforementioned sound data is stored in a cloud database. This includes separating the stored sound data into multiple repositories according to the position of the human body, A method for processing sound data from an electronic stethoscope according to claim 13 or claim 14.

16. The further includes identifying abnormal patterns in the sound data based on the determined heart rate and respiratory rate, A method for processing sound data from an electronic stethoscope according to any one of claims 13 to 15.

17. The aforementioned identification means By applying sample padding to the aforementioned sound data, the sound data is segmented into segments of equal size. The segmented sound data is classified into at least one target class, To generate a probabilistic health status report based on the aforementioned classification. A method for processing sound data from an electronic stethoscope according to claim 16, including the method described in claim 16.

18. A method for operating an electronic stethoscope, To acquire sound data as input, the electronic stethoscope is placed in the auscultation area of ​​a human subject. The sound data is first filtered through a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject the signal at the input, The aforementioned electronic stethoscope performs analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter within the system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. Signal processing within a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm, and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter including a finite impulse response filter, The filtered sound data is digitally amplified, The output volume is digitally controlled using buttons located on the main body of the aforementioned electronic stethoscope. The invention provides a first output to a wired listening module that can be connected to an external device via an audio port, wherein the audio port is configured to accept a compatible wired connection cable. A method for operating an electronic stethoscope, including [specific details omitted].

19. A method for operating an electronic stethoscope, To acquire sound data as input, the electronic stethoscope is placed in the auscultation area of ​​a human subject. The sound data is first filtered through a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject the signal at the input, The aforementioned electronic stethoscope performs analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter within the system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. Signal processing within a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm, and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter including a finite impulse response filter, The filtered sound data is digitally amplified, The output volume is digitally controlled using buttons located on the main body of the aforementioned electronic stethoscope. Within the system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit, the amplified sound signal is prepared for wireless transmission via a wireless transmission module as a second output. The prepared amplified sound signal is transmitted to an external system or mobile user interface. A method for operating an electronic stethoscope, including [specific details omitted].

20. Filtering the aforementioned sound data is A method for operating the electronic stethoscope according to claim 19, comprising rejecting signals in the input other than signals related to a selected organ or the subject which is a human, having a specific frequency band range.

21. A method for operating an electronic stethoscope according to claim 19 or 20, further comprising adjusting the volume of the sound data.

22. It is a device, At least one processor, It comprises at least one memory for storing instructions, When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device will have at least Register the user within the user interface of the computing device. The user of the computing device is prompted to select the position of the subject for examination and the location of the subject. The recording of sound data is received at the location of the human body. Based on the aforementioned position, an internal filter of the device is selected to enhance and manipulate the sound data. Based on the aforementioned sound data, a time-domain waveform and a time-frequency waveform are generated. The time-domain waveform and the time-frequency waveform are displayed. A device that makes something happen.

23. When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device further contains at least the following instructions: From the aforementioned sound data, determine the heart rate and respiratory rate. The result of the determination is displayed via the user interface. The apparatus according to claim 22, which causes the following to be performed.

24. When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device further contains at least the following instructions: The aforementioned sound data is stored in a cloud database. The stored sound data is separated into multiple repositories according to the position of the human body. The apparatus according to claim 22 or claim 23, which causes the following to be performed.

25. When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device further receives at least: The apparatus according to any one of claims 22 to 24, which causes the device to identify an abnormal pattern in the sound data based on the determined heart rate and respiratory rate.

26. When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device further receives at least: By applying sample padding to the aforementioned sound data, the sound data is segmented into segments of equal size. The segmented sound data is classified into at least one target class, Based on the above classification, generate a probabilistic health status report. The apparatus according to claim 25, which causes the following to be performed.

27. It is a device, At least one processor, It comprises at least one memory for storing instructions, When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device will have at least: Sound data is acquired as input from the auscultation area of ​​a human subject. The sound data is first filtered through a bandpass filter in an electronic circuit configured to selectively reject the signal at the input, The aforementioned device performs analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter within a system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. Signal processing within a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm, and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter including a finite impulse response filter are performed. The filtered sound data is digitally amplified, The output volume is digitally controlled using buttons located on the main body of the device. A first output is provided to a wired listening module that can be connected to an external device via an audio port, and the audio port is configured to accept a compatible wired connection cable. A device that performs an action.

28. It is a device, At least one processor, It comprises at least one memory for storing instructions, When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device will have at least: Sound data is acquired as input from the auscultation area of ​​a human subject. The sound data is first filtered through a bandpass filter in the electronic circuit of the device, and the electronic circuit is configured to selectively reject signals at the input. The aforementioned device performs analog-to-digital signal conversion using an analog-to-digital converter within a system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit. Signal processing within a digital signal processing unit using a noise reduction algorithm, and further filtering using a combination of a second digital filter including a finite impulse response filter are performed. The filtered sound data is digitally amplified, The output volume is digitally controlled using buttons located on the main body of the device. Within the system-on-chip-based microcontroller unit, the amplified sound signal is prepared for wireless transmission via a wireless transmission module as a second output. The prepared amplified sound signal is transmitted to an external system or mobile user interface. A device that performs an action.

29. Filtering the aforementioned sound data is performed by the at least one processor, and the device further provides at least the following: Rejecting signals in the input other than signals related to a selected organ or the subject being a human, which have a specific frequency band range. The apparatus according to claim 28, comprising at least memory for storing instructions to execute.

30. When the at least one memory is executed by the at least one processor, the device further provides at least one The apparatus according to claim 28 or claim 29, which stores a command to perform an action to adjust the volume of the aforementioned sound data.

31. A non-temporary computer-readable medium containing program instructions stored for performing the method according to any one of claims 13 to 21.

32. An apparatus comprising a circuit configured to cause the apparatus to perform the process described in any one of claims 13 to 21.

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