Hot water system with heat pump

Abstract

A hot water system comprising a heat pump and a storage unit. The hot water system is integrated or modular and configured to allow the user to easily attach and detach components. A heat pump and heat exchanger for a hot water system, wherein the heat pump has a base to which the heat exchanger is mounted, and the heat exchanger comprises spirally wound coils. The heat pump is configured to sit on top of the storage unit. A method for controlling heating elements associated with the heat pump and storage unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to a heat pump water heating system that uses a heat pump to heat water stored in a tank. In part, it relates to a modular water heating system in which a heat pump can be optionally installed or removed from a hot water storage section.

Background Art

[0002] With the global movement to limit dependence on fossil gas as an energy source and reduce emissions into the atmosphere, interest in the installation of electric heat pump type water cylinders is increasing. An integrated heat pump type water cylinder consists of a heat pump unit that is integral with or permanently attached to a storage tank. In some cases, an integrated heat pump water heater can replace an electric resistance type storage water heater within the same installation area while minimizing the impact on typical installation costs. Indoor and outdoor models are available.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] However, there are several attributes that limit the spread of these devices. Additional components can reduce durability, especially in outdoor systems. In particular, in systems where the condenser coil is wound outside the hot water cylinder or immersed in the tank, some have low efficiency evaluations. As a result, the heat transfer rate on the water side is low (~200 W / m 2 K), the heat transfer into the cylinder becomes very poor, and the discharge pressure of the compressor becomes high, which may have an adverse effect on efficiency, noise, and / or durability. Also, due to the need for air flow, the system may be relatively noisy in some cases.

[0004] The intention of the present invention is to describe an integrated heat pump water heater designed for indoor and outdoor installation that substantially alleviates the above product limitations.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] Aspects of the present invention address one or more of the above problems by providing a dual-module heat pump hot water system. The dual-module system offers installers at least two options: installation of the entire system by inserting the top module into the tank module to complete the installation, and installation of the tank only with the option to add and upgrade heat pump modules later. The dual-module system can improve upon the bulkiness, weight, and high center of gravity of conventional systems and simplify the installation process. It can also make maintenance of the entire system or any of the system modules more practical. By dividing the system into two (or more) modules and using a simple attachment / detachment system, the weight can be divided between the modules, thereby allowing the maximum weight of each module to be, in some cases, not exceed that of a standard hot water cylinder with equivalent storage capacity, for example, 50 kg to 80 kg or 65 kg. In some cases, a control system can operate the storage tank regardless of whether a heat pump module is installed or not. This allows the tank module to be installed by builders or developers (at minimal initial cost), and homeowners to conveniently add modules after owning the property. In some cases, the system can be assembled in the factory and supplied as a single unit; this is the option that keeps initial costs the lowest by simplifying the tank's electrical system, while retaining many of the advantages of modular design, such as ease of maintenance.

[0006] Prior art provides hot water cylinders with heat pump water heaters attached. However, improving the configuration of the heat pump and hot water tank offers advantages such as improved ease of installation and a smaller overall system size.

[0007] In a first embodiment, the present invention can be broadly said to consist of a modular hot water system. The modular hot water system includes a storage unit (3) comprising a tank (451) configured to hold water and having at least two water connectors (321, 323), an insulating housing (303) configured to surround the tank (451), and a heat pump mounting base on the upper surface (310) of the storage unit (3); a heat pump (2) comprising a heat exchanger (270) configured to transfer heat between a refrigerant and water; a water flow path comprising a water inlet (274), a water outlet (275), and a water pump (261) configured to circulate water between the water inlet (274), the heat exchanger (270), and the water outlet (275); and a refrigerant flow path. The heat pump (2) comprises a refrigerant flow path configured to heat a refrigerant and transfer the heated refrigerant to a heat exchanger (270), and includes a compressor (290), an expansion valve (262), and an evaporator (280); a mounting section configured to reversibly mount the heat pump to a heat pump mounting base of a storage section (3); at least two water connectors (321, 323) of a tank (451); and water conduits (211, 212) configured to extend between the inlet (274) and outlet (275) of the water flow path of the heat pump (2), wherein each of the water conduits (211, 212) is provided with at least one reversibly connectable connector (213).

[0008] Advantageously, modular hot water systems provide a system in which the heat pump and storage unit can be easily connected and disconnected. This assists installers and / or technicians working with the hot water system, as the storage unit and heat pump can be installed separately, or at least transported separately. Modularity can be achieved by providing appropriate mounting points on the storage unit so that the heat pump can be mounted on top. These mounting points engage with corresponding mounting points on the heat pump. Advantageously, these mounting points are reversibly connected so that the heat pump can be removed, for example, for maintenance work. Water connections for transferring water between the storage unit and the heat pump are also reversibly connected. This can be achieved by providing connectors in the water pipeline between the heat pump and the storage unit. In some cases, there are two water connections: a first water connection configured to transfer water from the tank to the heat pump, and a second water connection configured to transfer water from the heat pump to the tank.

[0009] Optionally, the water conduit connector (213) is located between the top surface (310) of the storage unit (3) and the base (470) of the heat exchanger (270), and / or above the top surface (310) of the storage unit (3) and outside the outer wall (205) of the heat pump (2). Optionally, the water conduit connector (213) is located beside the top of the storage unit (3) and below the base (470) of the heat exchanger (270). Optionally, water lines (211, 212) extend through the base (470) of the heat pump (2), and the storage unit (3) further includes an opening (4) on the top surface (310) of the storage unit (3) and a passage extending between the opening (4) and water connectors (321, 323), the opening (4) and the passage configured to allow the water lines (211, 212) to pass through there, and the water connectors (321, 323) are accessible from the side of the insulated housing of the storage unit (3). Optionally, the opening (4) is provided with a lid (41). Optionally, the water line connector (213) is configured to connect to a tank connector (330) located inside or attached to the storage unit (3).

[0010] Water conduits may be arranged in various ways. For example, water conduits may be permanently fixed to the heat pump, particularly to the water inlet and outlet to the heat exchanger. The distal ends of these water conduits may have connectors configured to connect to the water inlet and outlet of the storage unit. Alternatively, water conduits may be permanently attached to the storage unit, and their distal ends may have connectors configured to connect to the water inlet and outlet of the heat pump. Alternatively, water conduits may have connectors at both ends to allow reversible connection to the heat pump and / or storage unit in any order. Alternatively, water conduits may be permanently connected to both the heat pump and the storage unit, and the distal ends of the water conduits may have connectors that allow each conduit to be connected. In some cases, additional connectors may be placed in the water conduit between the heat pump and the storage unit. This may provide additional reversible connection points that can be placed in useful locations, while allowing the initial installer to connect the conduits to each device. These locations may depend, for example, on the specific installation site.

[0011] In some cases, the reversible connection is configured to be positioned at a specific location relative to the storage unit and / or heat pump. This ensures proper positioning. For example, the connection may be positioned above the top surface of the storage unit. This means that the connection is close to the heat pump, regardless of what connection is made. The connection may be located inside or outside the housing of the heat pump. The water conduit may be connected at any point in the storage unit, and the length of the water conduit is configured to allow for a reversible connection at the desired height. In further embodiments, the reversible connection is located on or at the top of the side wall of the storage unit. The top may be at least the top 50%, at least the top 40%, at least the top 30%, or at least the top 20% of the storage unit. In some cases, the connection may be aligned with the housing for element connections. In some cases, the connection may be inside the storage unit, for example, between the tank side wall and the outer wall of the storage unit. Alternatively, the connection may be outside the storage unit. In some cases, the tank inlet and tank outlet are also located at the top of the storage unit. In some cases, the tank inlet and outlet may be located elsewhere in the storage area, in which case the water pipeline extends to the reversible connection point.

[0012] In some cases, the storage unit has an opening. In some cases, the opening is on the top surface of the storage unit. The opening provides an entrance to a passage that allows the water pipeline to exit the storage unit. The passage may have a recess in the insulation surrounding the tank through which the water pipeline can pass. Extending the pipeline through the housing protects the water pipeline from damage and reduces heat loss in the system. In some cases, the opening is also configured to allow electrical connections, such as cables, to pass between the storage unit and the heat pump. The passage may be formed through an insulated housing surrounding the tank. The passage may extend to the water inlet / outlet of the tank. Reversible connectors may be located at the upper or lower end of the passage. A lid may be used to close the opening. The lid may be reversibly closable and / or have a closure mechanism, such as a latch, for securing the lid in the closed and / or open positions.

[0013] Optionally, the heat pump (2) further comprises a heat pump control unit (253) configured to control a refrigerant flow path and a water flow path; the storage unit (3) further comprises an electrical element (311) and an element control unit (312), the element control unit (312) configured to control the activation of the electrical element (311); the heat pump control unit and the element control unit are configured to be electrically connectable by at least one electrical connection unit (44, 45), the electrical connection unit comprises at least one reversibly connectable electrical connector (444, 445). Optionally, the element control unit (312) is configured to be connectable to a commercial power supply, and is configured to independently heat the water in the tank (451) when the element control unit (312) is disconnected from the heat pump control unit (253). Optionally, the storage unit (3) further comprises an opening (4) on the upper surface (310) of the storage unit (3) and a lid (41) covering the opening (4), wherein in the disconnected position, a portion of the electrical connection section, including at least one reversibly connectable electrical connector (444, 445), is configured to be housed below the lid (41) of the opening (4), and in the connected position, at least one reversibly connectable electrical connector is located above the opening (4) and is electrically connectable to the heat pump control unit.

[0014] In some cases, the heat pump includes a control unit configured to control the operation of the refrigerant flow path and the water flow path. The storage unit may include an element that includes an electrical element, such as an immersion element or a heating element. The element is used to heat the water in the tank. This may be an alternative to the use of the heat pump, or it may be used in conjunction with the heat pump. The element may have an element control unit. The heat pump control unit and the element control unit may be electrically connected. The electrical connection allows control signals to be transmitted between the control units. For example, this can prevent the element from starting when the heat pump is operational. The electrical connection may be via one or more electrical cables and / or harnesses. The electrical connection may have one or more electrical connectors. The electrical connectors are preferably reversibly connected so that the heat pump and the storage unit can be reversibly connected. The reversible connection may be implemented by connectors on the electrical cables and / or terminal blocks.

[0015] In some cases, the element control unit is configured to operate independently when the electrical connection is disconnected and / or when the heat pump control unit is not activated. This means that the element is configured to heat the water in the storage unit when only the storage unit is present or when the heat pump is not operating.

[0016] The electrical connection section may comprise a first portion connected to the storage section and a second portion connected to the heat pump. The electrical connector between the first and second portions may be located at or near the top of the storage section and at or near the bottom of the heat pump. In some cases, the opening may be configured such that in a first position the first portion extends through the opening, and in a second position the first portion is housed within the opening. The first portion may be configured to be housed inside the second portion or the storage section. The opening may have a protrusion for supporting the electrical connector in the housing position. In the first position, the connection section can be realized to the second portion, and in the second position, the heat pump can be removed.

[0017] Optionally, the heat pump (2) further comprises at least one handle (201) accessible when the heat pump (2) is mounted in the storage unit (3). Optionally, the heat pump (2) further comprises a base (470) and an outer wall (205) surrounding a refrigerant flow path, a heat exchanger (270) and a water flow path, an evaporator (280) positioned above the base (470), the evaporator extending upward from the outer wall (205) and extending around the inner surface of the outer wall (205) so as to cover a first portion of the outer wall (205), the outer wall (205) further comprising a plurality of openings in the first portion of the outer wall, the handle (201) positioned below the plurality of openings and configured to support the base (470). Optionally, the heat pump (2) further comprises a base (470), an outer wall (205) surrounding a refrigerant flow path, a heat exchanger (270), and a water flow path, and an impeller (404), wherein at least an evaporator (280) and an impeller (404) are positioned above the base (470), the evaporator extending upward along the outer wall (205) and around at least a portion of the inner surface of the outer wall (205), and the impeller (404) having a pivot axis extending upward relative to the base and being at least partially surrounded by the evaporator (280).

[0018] Optionally, the storage unit (3) and the heat pump (2) further include a guide section, which is configured to align the heat pump mounting section with the heat pump mounting base during use. Optionally, the guide section includes a lip (320) along at least a portion of the periphery of the upper surface of the storage unit (3) and a flange (216) along at least a portion of the periphery of the heat pump (2), the flange (216) being configured to fit with the lip (320). Optionally, the storage unit (3) and the heat pump (2) have substantially the same external shape in a horizontal cross-section.

[0019] In some cases, the heat pump has at least one handle configured to allow a user to lift the heat pump from the storage unit. The handle may be protruding or recessed. There may be multiple handles, and there may be at least one recessed handle on the front of the heat pump, or two handles protruding toward the rear of the heat pump. The handle may be located on a portion of the lower outer wall of the base of the heat pump. This position allows the handle to lift the base without interrupting the outer wall surrounding the evaporator.

[0020] The evaporator may extend upward from the outer wall of the heat pump and over at least a portion of the inner surface of the outer wall. The greater the extension, the larger the evaporator area that can be obtained. Partial encirclement of the impeller by the evaporator allows for a large airflow and optionally allows for a lower impeller speed. The guide section is configured to align, or nearly align, the heat pump to the mounting section. The guide section may constitute part of the mounting section. The guide section may have some tolerance to allow for adjustment of the heat pump. The guide section may be formed by the lip of the storage section and the flange of the heat pump, or vice versa. The evaporator may have fins or finned sections to improve heat transfer.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be broadly said to consist of a modular hot water system. The modular hot water system comprises: a storage unit (3), which is a tank (451) configured to hold water and having at least two water connectors (321, 323); an insulating housing (303) substantially surrounding the tank (451); and a heat pump mounting base on the upper surface (310) of the storage unit (3); a heat pump (2), which is a heat exchanger (270) configured to transfer heat between a refrigerant and water; a water flow path, which is a water inlet (274), a water outlet (275), and a water pump (261) configured to circulate water between the water inlet (274), the heat exchanger (270), and the water outlet (275); and a refrigerant flow path, which is a compressor (290) and an expansion valve The heat pump (2) comprises a refrigerant flow path configured to heat a refrigerant and transfer the heated refrigerant to a heat exchanger (270), an evaporator (262), a mounting section configured to reversibly mount the heat pump (2) to a heat pump mounting base, and water lines (211, 212) configured to extend between at least two water connectors (321, 323) and the inlet and outlet of the water flow path of the heat pump (2), each of which has a reversibly connectable connector (213), and the heat pump (2) comprises a heat exchanger (270) comprising a horizontal coil (271) and located below the compressor (290), expansion valve (262), and evaporator (280).

[0022] A heat exchanger with horizontal coils positioned below the compressor, expansion valve, and evaporator allows for a larger usable area for the evaporator and enables a more compact heat pump. Furthermore, the water connection from the water pump and / or evaporator can be routed directly to the heat exchanger via the base, minimizing its length. A single layer of horizontal coils reduces the unit's height, while three layers of tubes facilitate heat transfer. The layer between the first and second layers protects the heat exchanger and allows for maintenance. Brackets allow for the removal of insulation. Improved heat transfer can be achieved by making the inner tubes of the heat exchanger wider than the inlet and / or outlet of the refrigerant flow path, thereby slowing the refrigerant flow through the exchanger tubes. Thermal performance can be achieved by creating gaps between turns in the winding and / or by using insulation to maintain these gaps.

[0023] Optionally, the heat exchanger (270) has a three-layer tube structure, with the refrigerant flowing between the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the intermediate wall, and water flowing through the inner tube, and the heat exchanger coil (271) has a single layer of the three-layer tube structure. Optionally, the inner tube has an inner wall, which has a plurality of ridges and valleys. Optionally, at least one of the storage unit (3) or the heat pump (2) is substantially cylindrical, and the horizontal coil has a central axis substantially corresponding to the axis of the storage unit (3) and / or the heat pump (2), and the outer diameter of the heat exchanger (270) is smaller than the outer diameter of the storage unit (3) and / or the heat pump (2). Optionally, the heat pump (2) has first and second insulation layers (272), and the heat exchanger (270) is sandwiched between the first and second insulation layers (272).

[0024] Optionally, the heat exchanger (270) and the insulation layer (272) are fixed below the refrigerant flow path by one or more brackets (279). Optionally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the refrigerant flow path piping connected to the heat exchanger (270) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner tube of the heat exchanger (270), and optionally, the refrigerant is propane. Optionally, the horizontal coil (271) has gaps between adjacent turns. Optionally, the heat exchanger includes insulation (272), which is configured to maintain gaps between adjacent turns.

[0025] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be broadly said to consist of a modular hot water system. The modular hot water system comprises a storage unit (3), which is a tank (451) configured to hold water and having at least two water connectors (321, 323); an insulating housing (303) substantially surrounding the tank (451); an electrical element (311); an element control unit (312) configured to control the operation of the electrical element (311); and a heat pump mounting base located on the upper surface (310) of the storage unit (3); and a heat pump (2), which is a heat exchanger (270) configured to transfer heat between a refrigerant and water; and a water flow path, which is a water inlet (274), a water outlet (275), and a water pump (261) configured to circulate water between the water inlet (274), the heat exchanger (270), and the water outlet (275). The heat pump (2) comprises a water channel, a refrigerant channel comprising a compressor (290), an expansion valve (262), and an evaporator (280), configured to heat the refrigerant and transfer the heated refrigerant to a heat exchanger (270), a mounting section configured to reversibly mount the heat pump to a heat pump mounting base of a storage section (3), and water conduits (211, 212) configured to extend between at least two water connectors (321, 323) and the inlet and outlet of the water channel of the heat pump, each water conduit (211, 212) comprising a reversibly connectable connector (213), and an element control section (312) comprising an operation management system configured to allow or prevent the operation of an electrical element (311).

[0026] By configuring the operation management system to prevent the operation of the electrical element, the simultaneous operation of the heat pump and the electrical element is prevented. The operation management system may include a program or instruction set or method that is executed by, or programmed to be executed by, a control unit. This operation management system may monitor the operation of the heat pump using, for example, a relay, and operate it when the heat pump is not operating. Depending on the situation, the heat pump may instruct the control unit to operate the electrical element simultaneously with the heat pump, for example, to enhance the heating performance, or when the inlet temperature of the heat pump is too low, such as -25 °C, or when defrosting is desired. The detection of the heat pump may be electrical or via a switch (such as a relay) or sensor at the top of the storage unit. Electrical detection may be performed by the heat pump's power consumption falling below a threshold. In some cases, the control unit may receive a signal from the heat pump control unit. The signal may permit power to the element control unit and / or prevent power to the element control unit. In some cases, the power may pass through the heat pump control unit. In some cases, the heat pump control unit may monitor the passage of power to the element control unit. The control unit may balance the desire to operate the heat pump for efficiency and the need to use the electrical element for a specific operation. The control unit may ensure appropriate operation considering the relative temperatures or operation requirements of the heat pump and / or the heating element. The operation management system may use temperature inputs (ambient and / or tank) to control the operation of the system. The operation management system may be arranged inside the control unit of the heat pump or the storage unit. When inside the heat pump, a relay may be used to control the operation of the element control unit.

[0027] Optionally, the heat pump includes a heat pump control unit (253) configured to be electrically connected to an element control unit (312), and the operation management system is configured to enable the operation of the electrical element (311) when it receives an error signal indicating a malfunction of the heat pump (2). Optionally, the heat pump includes a heat pump control unit (253) configured to be electrically connected to an element control unit (312), and the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of the electrical element (311) when it receives an acceptance signal indicating acceptance of the operation of the heat pump (2). Optionally, the storage unit (3) further includes a detection switch configured to detect whether the heat pump is properly mounted on the heat pump mounting base, and the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of the electrical element (311) when it is detected that the heat pump (2) is not properly mounted on the heat pump mounting base. Optionally, the heat pump includes a heat pump control unit (253) configured to be electrically connected to an element control unit (312) via a power cable (45), the heat pump receiving commercial power via the element control unit (312), and the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of an electrical element (311) when the element control unit (312) detects that the heat pump's power consumption is below a threshold. Optionally, the heat pump includes an ambient temperature sensor configured to detect ambient temperature, and the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of an electrical element (311) when the ambient temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is below a threshold. Optionally, the heat pump is configured to operate a defrost cycle to melt frost accumulated on the evaporator, and the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of an electrical element (311) when the heat pump operates a defrost cycle.

[0028] In a further aspect, the present invention can broadly be said to consist of a hot water system. The hot water system comprises a storage unit which includes a wall and an opening penetrating the wall, a tank configured to hold water, and a heat insulating housing surrounding the tank; and a heat pump configured to heat water from the tank, the heat pump being configured to draw water through an inlet flow path pipeline in fluid communication with the tank and discharge water through an outlet flow path in fluid communication with the tank, wherein the inlet flow path and the outlet flow path pass through the opening penetrating the wall.

[0029] By connecting the inlet flow path and the outlet flow path through the same opening in the wall of the tank, the connection and / or disconnection of the heat pump is simplified. The inlet flow path may comprise one or more of a pipeline inside the tank, a connector inside the wall of the tank, and a pipeline outside the tank. Similarly, the outlet flow path may comprise one or more of a pipeline inside the tank, a connector inside the wall of the tank, and a pipeline outside the tank.

[0030] Optionally, the inlet flow path and the outlet flow path are configured to pass through a mounting base provided on the side wall of the tank. Optionally, the mounting base is alternatively configured to receive a secondary heating element.

[0031] By using it for the separate purpose of the mounting base of the secondary heating element, the heat pump can interface with various known tanks, and the tank can be adapted to known connection means and sealing means. Alternatively, the tank may comprise a fixed tank connector.

[0032] Optionally, the inlet passage includes an inlet conduit extending between the heat pump and the storage unit, and the outlet passage includes an outlet conduit extending between the heat pump and the storage unit. Optionally, a tank connector is provided, which is mountable to a mounting base, and the tank connector includes a first opening configured to fluidize the inlet conduit to the tank, and a second opening configured to connect the outlet conduit to the tank. Optionally, the tank connector includes a third opening configured to house a sensor inside the tank. Optionally, the tank connector is removablely mountable to a mounting base. Optionally, a seal is provided between the tank connector and the mounting unit. Optionally, the tank connector is a flange, optionally a 4-bolt flange. Optionally, the tank connector includes an inlet connector located at the first opening, which is reversibly connectable to the inlet conduit, and / or an outlet connector located at the second opening, which is reversibly connectable to the outlet conduit. Optionally, the tank connector comprises at least one tube connector configured to connect to a tube inside the tank. Optionally, the tube connector comprises an inlet connected to, or configured to connect to, a dip tube. Optionally, the dip tube extends toward the bottom and / or top of the tank, and / or toward the top of the tank. Optionally, the dip tube extends to at least 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the bottom of the tank, or to at least 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the top of the tank. Its direction depends on the desired water inlet or outlet. Optionally, the tank connector comprises a third opening configured to allow a sensor to pass through it. Optionally, it further comprises a sensor pocket configured to seal the third opening, the sensor pocket configured to support a sensor.

[0033] Optionally, the first and / or second openings are provided with removable caps. Optionally, the inlet and / or outlet lines are configured to extend inside an insulated housing between the openings and the top of the tank. Optionally, the insulated housing is provided with passages configured to allow the inlet and outlet lines to extend inside the housing. Optionally, an electric heating element is provided, configured to heat the water in the tank. Optionally, the top surface of the storage section is provided with an upper opening, configured to allow the inlet and outlet lines to pass through it. Optionally, the upper opening is substantially directly above an opening that penetrates the tank wall. Optionally, passages for the inlet and outlet water lines are provided between the opening in the tank wall and the upper opening. Optionally, the upper opening is provided with a lid, configured to reversibly cover the upper opening. Optionally, when closed, the lid forms part of the top surface of the storage section. Optionally, the underside of the heat pump is provided with a space configured to allow the lid to open when the heat pump is mounted on the storage section.

[0034] Optionally, an electrical connection is provided between the tank and the heat pump, and optionally, the electrical connection is reversibly connectable. Optionally, the electrical connection extends through a passage. Optionally, the electrical connection includes at least one manually connectable and / or detachable plug. Optionally, the inlet and outlet conduits are detachable from the tank.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be broadly said to consist of a hot water system. The hot water system comprises a storage unit, the storage unit being a tank configured to hold water, having walls and an opening penetrating the inner wall, the opening comprising a mounting base, the tank, an insulated housing surrounding the tank, and a tank connector reversibly connectable to the mounting base, comprising a first opening configured to provide a fluid connection between an inlet pipe and the tank, and a second opening configured to provide a fluid connection between an outlet pipe and the tank, the inlet and outlet pipes being connectable to a heat pump, the tank connector enabling easy mounting to the mounting base and enabling inlet and outlet connections to the tank. The tank connector can enable easy reversible connection between the heat pump unit and the storage unit of an integrated heat pump water heater without the use of special tools. This modular arrangement allows for maximum flexibility in the supply and installation configurations of the water heater.

[0036] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be broadly said to consist of a hot water system. The hot water system comprises a storage unit, a tank configured to hold water, the tank having walls and an opening penetrating the walls, and an insulating housing surrounding the tank; and a heat pump configured to heat the stored water, the heat pump having a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe being reversibly connectable to the storage unit at the opening penetrating the walls.

[0037] Optionally, the inlet and outlet channels pass through openings in the inner wall. Optionally, a tank connector is provided, attached to the opening of the storage section and configured to fluidly connect the water inlet and outlet channels to the tank.

[0038] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be broadly described as a tank connector for a hot water system comprising a heat pump and a storage unit having a tank. The tank connector comprises a first opening configured to fluidly connect a water inlet pipe to the tank and a second opening configured to fluidly connect a water outlet pipe to the tank, and the tank connector is configured to be attached to the storage unit.

[0039] Optionally, the tank connector is configured to be mounted on a heating element mounting base in the storage section. Optionally, the tank connector has a third opening configured to allow a sensor to pass through the tank. Optionally, the first and / or second openings have connectors for connecting to a water inlet and / or water outlet pipeline, these connectors are oriented at different angles, and optionally, these connectors are orthogonal to each other. Optionally, a dip tube is provided configured to connect to the first and / or second opening, and optionally, a tube connector is provided between the opening and the dip tube. Optionally, the tank connector is a flange, and optionally, a 4-bolt flange.

[0040] In a first embodiment, the present invention can be broadly said to consist of a heat pump for a hot water system. The heat pump comprises a heat pump base configured to support a compressor configured to circulate a refrigerant, an evaporator configured to heat the refrigerant, a water pump configured to circulate water through the heat pump, and an impeller configured to circulate air through the evaporator; and a heat exchanger mounted below the heat pump base, the heat exchanger comprising a spirally wound heat transfer tube assembly.

[0041] By using flattened spiral coils, a low-profile heat exchanger or condenser is provided, enabling a thinner heat pump and an increased evaporator area. The heat transfer tube assembly may comprise heat transfer tubes, or alternatively, a non-coaxial heat exchange structure. For example, the heat transfer tube assembly may be brazed and spirally wound, comprising two tubes through which a refrigerant and water flow, respectively.

[0042] Optionally, the heat transfer tube assembly comprises at least two windings in substantially the same layer. Optionally, the heat transfer tube assembly has at least two walls between the refrigerant flow path and the water flow path. Optionally, the heat transfer tube assembly comprises at least four windings. Optionally, all windings of the heat transfer tube assembly are in substantially the same layer. Optionally, the heat pump water heater is mounted to or can be mounted to the hot water tank. Optionally, the heat pump is reversibly mountable to the storage unit. Optionally, the heat pump and storage unit are coaxial when mounted. Optionally, the diameter of the heat pump water heater is substantially equal to the diameter of the storage unit. Optionally, the diameter of the heat exchanger is less than or equal to the diameter of the hot water tank. Optionally, the heat transfer tube assembly is aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the hot water tank.

[0043] Optionally, the spirally wound heat transfer tube assembly is less than 50 mm thick, preferably less than 20 mm thick, and more preferably less than 10 mm thick. Optionally, the heat transfer tube assembly comprises heat transfer tubes with inner walls, the inner walls having spiral grooves or protrusions configured to improve heat transfer. Optionally, the portion inside the inner wall of the heat transfer tubes is configured to transfer water, and the outer portion of the heat transfer tubes is configured to transfer a refrigerant. Optionally, the refrigerant is propane or carbon dioxide, and optionally, propane is less than 152 grams. Optionally, the heat transfer tube assembly is wrapped in insulation. Optionally, the insulation comprises multiple interlocking insulation sections. Optionally, the heat exchanger is mounted below the heat pump using brackets. Optionally, a cylindrical housing is provided around the heat pump water heater.

[0044] Optionally, the heat pump base is made of molded plastic. Optionally, the heat pump base includes one or more protrusions or recesses configured to align one or more components of the heat pump. Optionally, the heat pump base has protrusions or recesses for positioning and / or securing one or more of the following: one or more compressor mounting bases, partitions, evaporators, flanges or finned portions of the evaporators, and / or water pumps. Optionally, the heat pump base includes a condensate channel leading to a drain, optionally extending around the periphery of the heat pump, and optionally having a single drain or outlet. Optionally, the evaporator extends along the periphery of the heat pump base. Optionally, the impeller axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heat pump, and the impeller is located inside the periphery of the evaporator.

[0045] Optionally, a partition is provided which is configured to separate the impeller evaporator and the impeller from the compressor. Optionally, the partition comprises a metal plate. Optionally, the partition comprises multiple parts, each part configured at a different angle, and optionally, the partition is shaped to maximize the available space for the vertical axis impeller. Optionally, the partition is configured to substantially separate the compressor portion from the impeller portion of the heat pump. Optionally, the partition is configured to substantially seal the space between the compressor portion and the impeller portion. Optionally, at least one handle is provided which optionally protrudes from or is recessed into the heat pump, and optionally, at least two handles are provided. Optionally, at least one handle is accessible when the heat pump is mounted in the storage unit, and optionally, at least two handles are accessible. Optionally, at least one handle is located at or near the base of the heat pump.

[0046] Optionally, a control unit is provided, which is configured to receive user input and control the operation of the heat pump. Optionally, the control unit is configured to determine whether the compressor is operating and to send a signal. Optionally, a removable cover is provided, which prevents access to internal components of the heat pump. Optionally, water inlet and outlet lines are provided, which extend from the heat pump and are configured to connect to a hot water tank. Optionally, a mounting section is provided, which is configured to reversibly mount the heat pump to the hot water tank. Optionally, the heat pump base is provided with a mounting base, such as legs, which is configured to support the heat pump base on a surface. Optionally, the mounting section is provided with a flange configured to secure the heat pump to the lip of the hot water tank. Optionally, a guide section is provided, which is configured to align the heat pump when it is mounted to the hot water tank. Optionally, the mounting section is provided with a guide section. Optionally, the guide section includes a protrusion or recess on the underside of the heat pump.

[0047] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be said to consist in a broad sense of a heat exchanger for a hot water heat pump. The heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer tube around which at least two windings are wound in substantially the same layer.

[0048] By using flattened spiral coils, a thin heat exchanger or condenser is provided, enabling a thinner heat pump and an increased evaporator area.

[0049] Optionally, the heat transfer tube has at least two walls. Optionally, it has at least four windings. Optionally, all windings of the heat transfer tube are in substantially the same layer. Optionally, the width of the heat exchanger is less than or equal to the diameter of the heat pump water heater. Optionally, the heat exchanger is aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the heat pump. Optionally, the thickness of the layer is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 20 mm, and more preferably less than 10 mm. Optionally, the layer is substantially the thickness of the heat transfer tube. Optionally, the heat transfer tube has an inner wall with helical grooves or protrusions configured to improve heat transfer. Optionally, the portion inside the inner wall of the heat transfer tube is configured to transfer water from a hot water cylinder. Optionally, the outer portion of the heat transfer tube is configured to transfer a refrigerant from the heat pump. Optionally, the refrigerant is propane or carbon dioxide, and optionally, the amount of refrigerant is less than 152 grams. Optionally, the heat exchanger may include insulation surrounding the heat transfer tubes. Optionally, the insulation may separate the windings of adjacent tubes. Optionally, the insulation may include multiple interlocking panels.

[0050] In further embodiments, the present invention can be broadly said to consist of a heat pump for a hot water system. The heat pump comprises a heat exchanger as described in any one of the other embodiments. Optionally, the heat exchanger is located below the base of the heat pump. Optionally, the heat exchanger is encased in insulation. Optionally, the insulation comprises a plurality of interlock sections. Optionally, the heat exchanger is mounted to the base of the heat pump, optionally using brackets. Optionally, the heat pump is configured to sit on top of the storage section of the hot water system. Optionally, the heat pump is configured to be reversibly mounted to the hot water system. Optionally, the heat pump and the hot water system are coaxial. Optionally, the heat pump housing forms a cylinder, and the hot water system comprises a hot water cylinder. Optionally, the diameter of the heat pump cylinder is substantially equal to the diameter of the hot water system. Optionally, the heat pump comprises a base, a heat exchanger, and one or more heat pump components that can be attached to the base, and optionally, the base comprises one or more protrusions or recesses configured for attaching the heat pump components.

[0051] Optionally, the base is made of molded plastic. Optionally, an evaporator is provided. Optionally, the evaporator is positioned above the heat exchanger. Optionally, the evaporator extends along the periphery of the heat pump. Optionally, an impeller is provided, configured to generate airflow through and / or around the evaporator. Optionally, the impeller is positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heat pump and inside the curved periphery of the evaporator.

[0052] Optionally, the heat pump comprises a compressor and a partition configured to separate the impeller portion of the heat pump from the compressor portion. Optionally, the partition comprises a metal plate. Optionally, the partition comprises multiple parts, each part configured at a different angle. Optionally, it comprises at least one handle, which optionally is located at or near the base of the heat pump.

[0053] Optionally, a control unit is provided, which is configured to receive user input and control the operation of the heat pump. Optionally, the control unit is configured to determine whether the compressor is operating and to send a signal. Optionally, a flange is provided which is configured to secure the heat pump to the hot water system. Optionally, the heat pump is provided with a mounting base which is configured to secure the heat pump to one or more of the hot water system, brackets, and / or horizontal surfaces. Optionally, a removable cover is provided which prevents access to the internal components of the heat pump. Optionally, water inlet and water outlet conduits are provided which extend from the heat pump and are configured to connect to a storage unit.

[0054] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be broadly described as a control system for a hot water system comprising a heat pump having a control unit and a storage unit having a heating element. The control system comprises a relay operably controlled by the heat pump control unit and connected to the heating element control unit, the heat pump control unit being configured to operate the relay to prevent the heating element control unit from operating when electrically connected.

[0055] Optionally, the relay is normally closed, and the heat pump control unit is configured to open the relay when the heat pump is electrically connected. Optionally, the relay opens automatically when it does not receive a signal from the heat pump control unit. Optionally, the relay is connected between the power line and the heating element control unit. Optionally, a second relay is provided, which is configured to allow power to flow from the heat pump to the heating element control unit, and the second relay is controlled by the heat pump control unit. Optionally, the heat pump control unit is configured to monitor the flow of power to the heating element control unit. Optionally, the heat pump control unit is configured to activate the heating element control unit in defrost mode and / or when the ambient temperature is below a threshold. Optionally, a temperature sensor is provided to the heat pump control unit to provide a measurement of the ambient temperature. Optionally, the control system is configured to allow only the heat pump and / or heating element to operate at any given time. Optionally, the heating element control unit is provided with a thermostat.

[0056] In a further embodiment, the present invention can be broadly described as a method for controlling a modular hot water system comprising a heat pump and a storage unit including a heating element. The heating element is connected to the input power via a relay that is normally closed. The relay is opened based on an ON signal from the heat pump, which is activated when the heat pump receives power, and the relay is closed based on the absence of a signal from the heat pump. Optionally, the heat pump and heating element cannot operate simultaneously. In some cases, a dual-module configuration allows for standalone operation of the storage module without manual operation. Simply mounting and connecting the heat pump module to the storage module ensures the disconnection of power to the electric heating element and the automatic operation of the heat pump. Otherwise, the heat pump can be used in a remote configuration with a standard hot water system.

[0057] Optionally, the heating element is an electric immersion heater. Optionally, the system includes an alternative power source for the heating element via a heat pump, and the method includes the steps of supplying power to the heating element via the heat pump and monitoring the supplied power. Optionally, the method includes the steps of comparing the measured temperature to a threshold temperature and supplying power to the heating element when the temperature is below the threshold temperature. Optionally, the measured temperature is the ambient temperature.

[0058] One or more features of an embodiment or configuration may be combined with one or more features of other embodiments or configurations. Furthermore, more than one embodiment or configuration may be used in conjunction with a heat pump in the process of heating water in a hot water system.

[0059] As used herein, the term "(s)" following a noun signifies the plural and / or singular form of that noun.

[0060] As used herein, the terms "and / or" mean "and" or "or," or both, depending on the context.

[0061] As used herein, the term "comprising" means "consisting at least in part of." When interpreting any statement containing the term "comprising" herein, other characteristics may exist besides the term itself or the term it presupposes. Related terms such as "comprise" and "comprises" are interpreted similarly.

[0062] References to numerical ranges disclosed herein (e.g., 1 to 10) are intended to encompass references to all rational numbers within that range (e.g., 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9, and 10), and also to references to any range of rational numbers within that range (e.g., 2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5, and 3.1 to 4.7). Therefore, all subranges of all ranges expressly disclosed herein are expressly disclosed hereby. These are merely examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values ​​between the listed minimum and maximum values ​​are deemed to be expressly disclosed in the present application as well.

[0063] Furthermore, this disclosure may be said in a broad sense to consist of the parts, elements and features that are individually or collectively referred to or shown in this specification, as well as any or all combinations of any two or more parts, elements or features.

[0064] Where any particular integer having known equivalents in the art relating to this disclosure is referred to herein, such known equivalents shall be deemed incorporated herein as if they were individually defined.

[0065] This disclosure consists of the configuration described above, and also assumes configurations shown below for illustrative purposes only. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0066] Specific embodiments and their modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reading the detailed description herein with reference to the following drawings.

[0067] [Figure 1] A schematic diagram of a hot water system.

[0068] [Figure 2] A diagram showing a modular hot water system equipped with a heat pump that has a hot water storage unit.

[0069] [Figure 3]Figure 2 shows a heat pump module.

[0070] [Figure 4a] A diagram showing the base of the heat pump module in a plan view. [Figure 4b] A diagram showing the base of a heat pump module in an isometric view. [Figure 4c] Figures 4a and 4b show the impeller mounting base for the base.

[0071] [Figure 5] Figure 2 shows the heat pump module with the cover removed.

[0072] [Figure 6] Figure 2 is an exploded view showing the insulation and heat transfer tubes of a heat pump module.

[0073] [Figure 7] Figure 2 is an exploded view showing the control panel of the heat pump module.

[0074] [Figure 8] Figure 7 shows a detailed view of the electrical harness and water pipeline.

[0075] [Figure 9] Figure 7 shows a detailed diagram of the water flow path of the heat pump.

[0076] [Figure 10] A three-dimensional view of the first side of the heat pump.

[0077] [Figure 11] Figure 2 is a side view of the heat pump, with a portion cut out to show the impeller.

[0078] [Figure 12a] This diagram shows the storage section, with the dashed lines indicating the tubing inside the tank.

[0079] [Figure 12b] Figure 12a shows the upper element mounting base in the storage section.

[0080] [Figure 12c] Figure 12a shows the upper element mounting base in the storage section.

[0081] [Figure 12d] Figure 12a shows the lower element mounting base in the storage section.

[0082] [Figure 12e] Figure 12a shows the lidded opening on the top surface of the storage section.

[0083] [Figure 12f] Figure 12e shows the opening and cover to which the electrical harness is connected.

[0084] [Figure 13] Figure 2 shows the elements of the heat pump connected to the tank connector.

[0085] [Figure 14] Disassembly diagram of the tank connector.

[0086] [Figure 15a] A diagram showing the installation of a water pipeline to a tank connector.

[0087] [Figure 15b] This diagram shows a water connector installed on a tank connector, with a portion cut out to indicate the connection point.

[0088] [Figure 16] A diagram showing an integrated heat pump and storage unit.

[0089] [Figure 17a] A diagram showing alternative arrangements of insulation material around the heat exchanger between the heat pump and the storage unit in a modular system. [Figure 17b]A diagram showing an alternative arrangement of insulation material around the heat exchanger between the heat pump and the storage unit in an integrated system.

[0090] [Figure 18a] A diagram showing the airflow through the top exhaust heat pump. [Figure 18b] A diagram showing the airflow through the top exhaust heat pump.

[0091] [Figure 19a] A diagram showing variations of integrated and modular side-flow type heat pump hot water systems. [Figure 19b] A diagram showing variations of integrated and modular side-flow type heat pump hot water systems.

[0092] [Figure 20a] A diagram showing the airflow through a side-exhaust heat pump. [Figure 20b] A diagram showing the airflow through a side-exhaust heat pump.

[0093] [Figure 21a] A diagram showing variations of integrated and modular duct-flow type heat pump hot water systems. [Figure 21b] A diagram showing variations of integrated and modular duct-flow type heat pump hot water systems.

[0094] [Figure 22a] A diagram showing the airflow through a duct-flow type heat pump. [Figure 22b] A diagram showing the airflow through a duct-flow type heat pump.

[0095] [Figure 23a] Schematic wiring diagram for a modular heat pump storage unit. [Figure 23b] Schematic wiring diagram for the heat pump-storage unit integrated version. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0096] (overview) Conventionally, heat pumps have been used to heat water in hot water tanks or cylinders. Figure 1 shows a schematic of an example of a heat pump 2 and a storage unit 3. The hot water heat pump 2 has a water flow path that uses a water pump 261 to draw water from the storage unit 3, heats the water by passing it through a heat exchanger 270, and discharges it back into the tank 451 from the outlet. The heat pump 2 has a refrigerant flow path that passes the refrigerant through an evaporator 280 to transfer heat to the refrigerant, compresses the refrigerant in a compressor 290 to raise its temperature, transfers energy to the water through the heat exchanger 270, and expands the refrigerant through an expansion valve 262 to lower its temperature. The heat pump 2 can provide very efficient heating. However, it is difficult to effectively connect these to the storage unit 3.

[0097] The heat pump 2 is operated by a refrigerant compressor 290. The refrigerant compressor 290 raises the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant in the system from a low-pressure, low-temperature state to a high-pressure, gaseous refrigerant state. Several types of compressors 290 are known, including fixed-speed, variable-speed, and those with or without an inverter for controlling the speed. Mechanisms include reciprocating, rotary, twin-rotary, and scroll types. A specific compressor 290 may be selected or designed to suit the refrigerant used.

[0098] The refrigerant or refrigerant gas is circulated by the action of compressor 290. The refrigerant gas used may be a commonly known refrigerant, and may be synthetic or natural, single-component or a mixture. In some cases, the refrigerant gas used may be an A3 flammable type refrigerant (such as R290 or propane). Alternatively, the refrigerant gas used may be a low-GWP synthetic HFO mixture. When R290 or HFO is used, the refrigerant cycle is subcritical (two-phase condensation type). Another option is to use carbon dioxide as the refrigerant and use a supercritical operating principle and a single-phase gas cooler for the hot end of the heat pump. Other refrigerants may be used. Optionally, the amount of refrigerant may be minimized by using, for example, less than 152 grams of propane.

[0099] The heat pump hot water system 1 has a heat exchanger 270 (refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger (RTWHX)) configured to exchange heat between water from tank 451 and a refrigerant. In some cases, the heat exchanger 270 is located directly below the compressor 290 and directly above the storage unit 3. The heat exchanger 270 may receive high-temperature refrigerant gas from the compressor 290 and transfer its heat to water which is then returned to tank 451. Various heat exchangers 270 are available, including those that operate on the principle of a gas cooler or a condenser.

[0100] In some cases, the heat exchanger 270 may be a tubular heat exchanger. The tubular heat exchanger may form a spiral layout. The spiral layout can provide the required length of the heat exchanger in a minimum space. The spiral may have one or more layers. The spiral may use at least two, three, or four turns of the tubular heat exchanger. These turns help to extend the length of the heat exchanger, maximize the heat transfer coefficient between water and refrigerant, and maximize the area available for water to flow within the height range of a single tube. The spiral may be annular such that the inlet and outlet are close to the outer part of the heat pump.

[0101] The heat exchanger 270 may be substantially flattened because the heat transfer tubes are wound in a spiral. The windings may be wound in a spiral coil from an internal inlet to an external outlet, or vice versa. The spiral may have four windings. Other numbers of windings are also possible. In some cases, single-layer windings are used. However, multi-layer windings are also possible. In the example of multi-layer windings, the four windings may be made into two layers, and the windings may be wound spirally inward and then outward to simplify connections. The windings may be separated by gaps to reduce thermal contact between adjacent windings. Insulation may be placed in the gaps to prevent contact between adjacent windings. In some cases, a heat transfer assembly may be used. This may include a non-coaxial arrangement of tubular heat exchangers that do not form tubes but enable proper heat exchange.

[0102] The flattened arrangement of the heat transfer tubes in the heat exchanger 270 reduces the space required for the heat exchanger. This provides maximum space for the evaporator 280, compressor 290, and other components. In some cases, the heat exchanger 270 has a diameter substantially equal to or close to the diameter of the heat pump 2. For example, it may be at least 80% or 90% of the diameter of the heat pump. The heat exchanger 270 may be positioned perpendicular to the central axis of the heat pump 2 (horizontal in the case of a vertically extending heat pump). In some cases, the heat exchanger 270 may be positioned at the top or bottom of the heat pump 2. For example, the heat exchanger 270 may be positioned at the bottom of the heat pump 2, in which case, when positioned on the storage unit 3, the heat exchanger 270 would be located directly above the top of the storage unit 3.

[0103] The heat exchanger 270 may be surrounded by and / or fixed in place by insulation. The insulation may extend integrally from the storage unit's insulation housing. In some cases, the insulation may be formed by multiple interlocking panels. The insulation panels may comprise an upper panel and a lower panel that sandwich the heat exchanger 270. Each insulation panel may form a quarter (or more, if desired) of the heat exchanger. Mounting brackets may attach the insulation and / or the heat exchanger to the base of the heat pump. Brackets may also be attached to the heat exchanger and / or the insulation panels.

[0104] Some heat exchangers 270, including double-tube types, may use single-walled heat tubes. In some cases, the heat exchanger is a double-walled heat exchanger (with two walls between the refrigerant and water, and three walls in total including the outer wall containing the refrigerant; in some cases, this may be called a triple-walled tube). For example, standardization bodies may require a groove to provide ventilation to the atmosphere. Double-walled heat exchangers have two walls between the water and the refrigerant, providing further protection. They may be used for drinking water. Alternatively, for applications other than drinking water, for example, single-walled heat exchangers may be used. The heat transfer tubes consist of tubes configured to bring the water and refrigerant into close proximity and to transfer heat from the refrigerant to the water.

[0105] The connections to the heat exchanger 270 may be configured to facilitate connections to the water pump 261, the inlet water line 211, and / or the outlet water line 212. The refrigerant may enter through the inlet pipe. The refrigerant outlet may enter through the outlet pipe. The inlet pipe and / or the outlet pipe may extend perpendicularly from the heat exchanger 270. This allows the inlet pipe and / or the outlet pipe to be directed toward the heat compressor 290, reducing the space required to position the heat exchanger 270. Similarly, the water inlet line 211 and the water outlet line 212 may be formed perpendicularly (for example, at substantially 90 degrees or nearly 90 degrees from the plane of the heat exchanger). This facilitates connections to the water pump 261.

[0106] The heat pump 2 may include a base. The base may separate the heat exchanger 270, or at least the heat transfer tubes, from the other components of the heat pump 2. For example, the heat exchanger 270 may be mounted below the base, for example, by a bracket, while the compressor 290, water pump 261, and impeller 207 are mounted above the base. The base may be made of plastic. The base may be molded. Optionally, the base may have multiple mounting bases or mounting points for various components, including the compressor and / or impeller, impeller drive, or motor. A molded plastic base offers not only corrosion resistance but also ease of assembly. Optionally, a molded plastic base may have mounting points below the heat exchanger 270 so that the heat exchanger 270 can be fixed below the compressor 290 and impeller section 207. The mounting points may be configured to directly fix the heat exchanger 270, or they may be supported at the bottom of the heat exchanger 270 using insulating panels fixed around the heat exchanger 270, or clips or brackets, and attached to the base via fasteners. The fasteners may be, for example, screws or clips. Alternatively, in the integrated example, mounting points may not be necessary as the heat exchanger 270 can be positioned during manufacturing. In the integrated system, the heat pump 2 and storage unit 3 can be assembled as a single assembly at the factory. This simplifies electrical connections and reduces on-site assembly time, while maintaining the advantage of easier maintenance, for example, due to the location and accessibility of the connections.

[0107] In some cases, System 1 uses a tank connector 330 to provide water connections to and from the tank 451 through the tank wall. The tank connector 330 may be flanged. The tank connector 330 may improve the functionality of the system. For example, a flanged tank connector 330 may use a standard 4-bolt flange fitting, thus facilitating connection to a standard tank. The connectors on both sides of the tank connector 330 are fluidically coupled to provide the necessary water connections between the tank and the heat pump. The tank connector 330 may have an element seal to ensure watertightness between the tank and the tank connector 330. The tank connector 330 may be suitable for mounting standard square flange resistance elements and element seals. Once the inlet and outlet lines are connected to the tank, the connector provides water inlet and outlet lines to the heat pump, passing through the same opening in the tank wall.

[0108] The tank connector 330 may have a plurality of openings. These openings may be configured to provide water connections and / or sensor connections to the tank 451. The water connections allow water to enter and exit the tank 451. The openings may be machined through the tank connector 330 (which may also be a tank connection plate). The first opening may be configured to fluidly connect water lines 211, 212 to the water tank 451. The first opening may be provided with a conduit 340, such as a dip tube 340, connected inside the tank. The opening may have threads, for example, in the internal connection area, to engage with the dip tube 340. The dip tube 340 may also be threaded to ensure secure attachment. The threads may have flat sections to allow tightening by torque. The tank connector 330 may have a second opening configured to function as an inlet to the tank 451. The second opening may have an external fitting or connector configured to be attached to a water conduit, and / or an internal fitting configured to connect to a tube or conduit within the tank 451. Alternatively, there may be no internal fitting, and water may flow directly into the tank 451. In some cases, the dip tube 340 may extend toward the top of the tank 451. For example, the dip tube 340 may be attached to the inlet of the tank, reducing mixing by directing water toward the top of the tank. In some cases, there may be two dip tubes 340, one at the inlet to the tank and the other at the outlet of the tank. The second conduit or dip tube 341 may be attached to the second opening to guide water toward or from a specific part of the tank 451.

[0109] The tank connector 330 may have an opening or recess that is not fluidly coupled to the water tank 451. For example, the connection may provide a sensor pocket. The sensor pocket provides a space or cavity in the tank from which a sensor, such as a thermistor, can be placed to measure the temperature of the tank 451. In some cases, a seal may be used to prevent water from entering the sensor pocket. The seal may be an O-ring. The O-ring may be sandwiched between the sensor pocket and the connector. The sensor pocket and the connector may be attached to each other via a screw connection. The O-ring may be placed within a machined sliding seal in the connector. The sensor may be placed in the sensor pocket by removing a selective cover (not shown) and inserting the sensor. The pocket may be duplicated so that, for example, another pocket with a different shape or thickness can be used for a different sensor. The sensor pocket may be a housing mounted inside the tank to avoid contact and / or leakage of the sensor with water. The opening in the tank connector 330 allows the user to move the sensor through the connector plate and place the sensor in the housing. The housing or pocket may enable temperature sensing in the tank 451.

[0110] The opening preferably has connectors 321, 323 that allow connection to suitable water lines 211, 212. Connectors 321, 323 may be threaded. The inlet and outlet may extend in different directions. These directions may be separated by about 90 degrees. The first connection, such as the outlet, may extend perpendicular to the tank wall, while the second connection, such as the inlet, may have an elbow so that it extends parallel to the tank wall. The inlet and outlet may be reversed. The machined internal bores of both connectors 321, 323 may be designed to allow a sliding O-ring seal with the water line. The opening may have an internal connector configured to connect to the inside of the water tank. The internal connector may have an internal thread configured to engage with, for example, the external thread of a dip tube. Connectors 321, 323 in the tank connector may have differences to ensure proper connection. These differences may include the direction of the threads being reversed or the orientation of connectors 321, 323.

[0111] In some cases, openings may be covered with covers such as sealing caps. Seals such as sealing washers may be provided to reduce leakage. Covers may be used in a modular configuration when the tank is shipped, during installation, or during maintenance work when the heat pump module is not required and / or installed. In some cases, covers may be easily removed manually to simplify the installation process.

[0112] In one embodiment of the present invention, two water conduits 211 and 212, such as flexible hoses, can be manually tightened and sealed to connect the flanged tank connector to the inlets of the refrigerant water heat exchanger and the water pump, respectively. Alternatively, the water conduits can be color-coded. As another example, rigid or semi-rigid pipes can be used, particularly in an integrated structure. The water conduits 211 and 212 may have O-rings that seal to the main body after manual tightening. The inlet connector 321 and outlet connector 323, and / or the water conduits 211 and 212 may be different to prevent incorrect assembly. For example, the direction of the threads may be reversed. The water conduits 211 and 212 may be left-right distinguished to prevent incorrect connection. Other indicators such as size, shape, and color may be used to indicate the correct hose to the user.

[0113] In some cases, the system includes a dip tube 340 extending into the water tank. The dip tube 340 allows water from the bottom or near the bottom of the storage tank (which is typically colder than the water at or near the top of the tank) to be drawn up to the outlet of the storage tank, or to be siphoned. The dip tube 340 may be made of a polymer that has appropriate flexibility and is suitable for the temperature and the water being heated (e.g., drinking water / non-drinking water).

[0114] The dip tube 340 is fluidically connected to or can be connected to the outlet. The dip tube 340 may be attached to a dip tube connecting pipe that is attached to the tank connector 330. The dip tube 340 may be fitted to the dip tube water supply pipe by heating and expanding the tube and pressing it against the dip tube connecting pipe. Alternatively, the dip tube 340 may be attached directly to the connector. By combining the dip tube 340 with the tank connector 330, the dip tube 340 can be inserted into the tank 451 with the tank connector 330 assembled, making it easy to connect the heat pump 2. Subsequently, the water lines 211 and 212 may be attached to the tank connector 330 separately. This means that when attaching the water lines 211 and 212, there is no forced rotation or displacement of the dip tube 340. The dip tube 340 is fluidly connected to the water inlet line.

[0115] The water pump 261 may be configured to circulate water from the storage unit 3 through the heat exchanger 270 (i.e., as a water circulation pump) and return the heated water to the tank 451. In some cases, the water pump 261 is a variable-speed pump. Alternatively, the water pump 261 can be speed-controlled by an external control unit. Optionally, the water pump 261 is a brushless DC pump or an electronically rectified pump. In some cases, the water pump 261 has a connector that allows connection to a mating component. The connector may be a flange / clip connector. The connector may use a seal such as an O-ring seal. In some cases, the orientation of the water pump 261 is configured to improve flow. The water pump 261 may have a substantially horizontal rotation axis. The inlet of the water pump 261 may be horizontal, while the outlet of the water pump 261 may be vertical. The water pump 261 may be connected between the water tank 451 and the heat exchanger 270.

[0116] The pump inlet may have an inlet adapter. The inlet adapter may have a male thread that allows connection to a water line from a tank. The inlet adapter may have an outlet connector that allows connection to the pump. The outlet connector may have an O-ring seal. The outlet connector may be slidably inserted into the connection of the heat exchanger. This may use a flange and / or be held in place using, for example, a spring clip. In some cases, the water line is connected directly to the pump via a flanged connection that is part of the inlet pipe. Other means of connection to the water pump 261 may be used.

[0117] The pump outlet may have a pump outlet adapter. The inlet of the outlet adapter may have a sliding connection to the pump outlet. The inlet may have an O-ring seal. The adapter may be held to the pump by a flange integrated with the outlet adapter. The outlet of the outlet adapter is connected to a heat exchanger. A sliding fit may be used for this connection. Seals such as two O-ring seals may be used. In some cases, the pump outlet adapter may be able to rotate around the axis of the inlet fitting to allow for pump misalignment. The pump outlet adapter may be held by an external clip that fits into a fitting groove at the inlet of the heat exchanger.

[0118] In some cases, the vent is connected to the system. The vent may be connected to a higher position in the piping system. The vent removes excess air from the system during startup and / or normal operation. In some cases, the vent is mounted to the inlet fitting of the heat exchanger. This mounting may be done using parallel threads and / or sealed with O-rings. The O-ring may be positioned at the base of the threads to seal against the sliding surface near the top of the inlet fitting. Alternatively, the vent may be held in place by retaining clips. Various types of vents can be used.

[0119] In some cases (e.g., subcritical systems), a temperature sensor is held in the heat exchanger. The sensor may be located in or near the condensed phase on the refrigerant side of the heat exchanger. The sensor may be mounted on the heat exchanger or held in an opening such as a pocket that is part of the heat exchanger. The sensor may be held by a retainer such as a clip. The sensor may be a temperature sensor and / or a pressure sensor. In other cases, the sensor and / or retainer may be located, for example, at the refrigerant inlet or outlet to sense the pressure of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger.

[0120] Sensor readings may be relayed to a control system, such as a control unit 253. The control system may control the operation or speed of the water pump 261 and / or compressor 290. For example, the speed may be controlled to maintain a constant outlet temperature at the sensor location. Additional sensors may be used. For example, temperature sensors located in the tank and / or at the water connection may be used. The control system may use an algorithm that combines not only the water temperature but also the temperature and / or pressure of the heat exchanger. The control system may be configured to control the water pump 261 to supply a sufficient flow rate in a single pass of the water flow in order to achieve a constant outlet temperature.

[0121] Water is discharged from the heat exchanger 270 through a water conduit 212. This may be a flexible conduit such as a flexible hose, or a semi-flexible or rigid conduit may be used. The water conduit 212 may be connected to a threaded outlet connection of the heat exchanger. The water conduit 212 is connected to a tank connector 330 so that the heated water leaving the heat exchanger 270 returns to the tank 451. An internal pipe may be provided at the tank inlet to guide the water back into the tank 451.

[0122] The tank connector 330 may be fitted at a relatively high position in the storage section 3 to minimize mixing of hot water re-entering the tank 451 with cold water remaining in the tank 451 when the amount of hot water being drawn is large. Alternatively, the hot water inlet to the tank 451 may have a conduit installed inside the tank to transport or guide the hot water toward the top of the tank. The tank connector 330, or the internal outlet of heated water, may be located at least half the height of the storage section 3, at least three-quarters the height of the tank 451, or within 30 percent, 20 percent, or 10 percent of the top of the tank.

[0123] The refrigerant exiting the heat exchanger 270 may be in the state of a supercooled liquid or a cooled gas, depending on the operating principle of the heat exchanger 270. The refrigerant enters an expansion valve. Various types of expansion valves may be used. The expansion valve may be controlled by a stepping motor, or a thermostat-type expansion valve may be used.

[0124] In some cases, the heat exchanger 270 may use a reversing valve, such as a four-way reversing valve, for example, when using a subcritical condensation type heat exchanger 270. This allows for reversal of the refrigerant flow, which may be required at some steps in the cycle. The reversing valve equalizes the pressure between the high-pressure and low-pressure sides of the system, allowing for defrosting of the evaporator 280 in the event of frost buildup. In some cases, a high-temperature gas solenoid valve may be used to divert the high-temperature gas from the heat exchanger 270 to the evaporator 280. The choice between a high-temperature gas solenoid valve or a four-way reversing valve may depend on the specific design and requirements of the system.

[0125] In some cases, the refrigerant is sent to a refrigerant distributor after expansion. The distributor divides the refrigerant into multiple circuits. The design, number of circuits, and diameter of the distributor can be optimized to suit the requirements of the specific refrigerant gas, the required duty cycle of the system, and / or operating conditions. The distribution piping carries the refrigerant to the evaporator. The performance of the evaporator 280 can be improved by increasing its face area and surface area. The face area and associated surface area of ​​the evaporator 280 may be maximized by winding the evaporator 280 around the heat pump section in a semicircular arrangement. The diameter of the winding may substantially extend to the diameter of the outer casing (which may be circular) of the system 1.

[0126] The evaporator 280 may form part of the periphery of the heat pump 2, like a segment of a circular heat pump. In some cases, the evaporator 280 may extend over more than 180 degrees of the cylindrical heat pump, occupying substantially most of the 360 ​​degrees. The evaporator 280 may extend over at least 234 degrees and / or 270 degrees. The wrap-around evaporator 280 provides the largest possible face area. Optionally, the wrap-around evaporator 280 covers at least 180 degrees of the circumference of the heat pump 2. The larger the area of ​​the periphery covered, the lower the overall height of the heat pump 2 can be for the same base diameter and / or evaporator area. The larger the area of ​​the impeller 207 and evaporator 280, the lower the system noise and the higher the performance for the input power. The partition 281 also reduces noise by providing a separation between the compressor 290 and the area of ​​the impeller 207 that is open to the air.

[0127] The partition creates a separation between the impeller section, including the impeller 207, and the compressor section, including the compressor 290. The partition or separator may be a single sheet of material, such as metal or plastic, extending across the space between or near the ends of the evaporator. The partition or partition wall forms the compressor cavity. The compressor section is bounded by the heat pump base, the front cover or outer wall section, the partition, the ends / flanges of the evaporator, and the top surface of the housing. In some cases, another wall or surface may be used to define the compressor cavity. The compressor section forms a semi-sealed box around the compressor 290, associated control valves, pump, and electronics. In some cases, vents are present to allow flammable gases to escape in case of leakage. The compressor section is sealed to prevent water ingress and noise emission from the compressor and pump. The partition may have a 90-degree lip at the top to allow sealing with the top cover. Other methods of sealing the top cover are also possible.

[0128] The partition is designed to house the necessary heat pump components while maximizing the available space for the impeller. As shown in the diagram, the partition forms a "W" shape, which allows the impeller to extend to the central fold, ensuring the maximum diameter of the impeller while also providing ample space for the components. The partition forms the compressor section as an annular segment of the heat pump 2.

[0129] The partition may be constructed of bent steel. Alternatively, the partition may be molded from various polymers or press-formed from metal. The partition may have multiple bends or folds that form multiple sections in the partition to achieve the desired shape. The folds of the partition can be formed with small or large radii. Such arrangement of folds allows the heat pump components to be housed within the housing while ensuring the length of the evaporator and ensuring airflow around the evaporator. The compressor 290 requires a reasonable amount of space behind the partition due to its dimensions. An outward angle may be required to fit the compressor. The partition may be curved inward toward the center of the heat pump to accommodate the largest possible impeller for the available space. The sections of the partition may comprise an outer portion extending inward from the edge of the evaporator 280 or heat pump 2 and an inner portion that curves or bends around the impeller blades. The partition may be substantially vertical. In other embodiments, the partition may be curved or change shape in the vertical direction. For example, the available space on both sides of the evaporator may be adjusted by flaring the base of the partition toward the impeller or toward away from the impeller. In particular, the area below or beneath the impeller may be shaped in any way that does not obstruct the movement of air on or around the impeller.

[0130] The heat pump 2 may have multiple sensors arranged around its components. Sensors such as thermistors may be placed at the inlet and / or outlet of the heat exchanger, or on the heat exchanger. Sensors such as thermistors may be placed at the inlet and / or outlet of the water pipeline, or on the water pipeline. Sensors such as thermistors may be arranged to detect the ambient temperature. Sensors such as thermistors may be placed at the inlet and / or outlet of the compressor, or on the compressor.

[0131] The heat pump 2 may have a control housing that houses a control unit 253. The control housing has an electrical harness to the control unit 253, such as a PCB, and a heating connection or high-power connection for supplying power to the heat pump 2. The control unit 253 is configured to receive and / or transmit signals. Signals may be transmitted via the control connection. The control unit 253 is configured to operate the heat pump 2 in response to the received signals. The control housing may include a power converter configured to convert or adjust the high-power connection and / or signal connection (referred to as "electrical connection") to supply power and / or signals to the heat pump. The control housing may be mounted on or near the outer edge of the heat pump 2 and may be easily accessible. The control housing may be mounted in front of the heat pump components of the compressor section. This allows the electrical connection and water connection to pass through and / or connect directly beneath the control unit 253 or the control housing. The control housing may be sealed using an outer rubber seal and a compliant seal to substantially seal the gaps between the (usually two) electrical harnesses and between the electrical harnesses and the housing. The housing may be configured to meet the requirements for refrigerant leakage as specified in common electrical safety standards (such as A3 and A2L refrigerants). The housing may be explosion-proof to safely shut down the heat pump in an emergency. Alternatively, the control housing 250 (of a different shape) may be mounted on top of the compressor housing, for example, above the pump / reverse valve. In this case, there is the advantage of freeing up space in front of the compressor housing, but the overall height of the heat pump portion of the product may increase, and consequently, the assembly cost may increase.

[0132] The control housing 250 may include a control panel 203, such as a user interface 252. Alternatively, the user interface 252 may be located elsewhere on the heat pump, or may be remotely connectable to the heat pump (e.g., on a personal electronic device). The user interface 252 may include at least one or more buttons or other user inputs. The buttons may be of several different types, such as membrane, push-button, or capacitive-sensing. In some cases, a screen, such as an LCD, LED, or OLED screen, or a touchscreen, may also be provided. The user interface 252 is configured to send and receive signals to and from the control unit. The control housing 250 optionally has a removable front cover to allow access to the control housing, in particular to the control unit or PCB. Optionally, a screen is mounted behind a transparent portion of the front cover to prevent water ingress. The front cover may have recesses, screens, openings, or mechanical connections to allow the user to view and / or operate the user interface 252.

[0133] In some cases, the heat pump 2 may have variations. For example, the heat pump may have various airflow options. A top ventilation configuration exhausts air vertically. A side ventilation configuration exhausts air horizontally. A ducted configuration uses ducts to direct the airflow. The ducts may be located on the top or side of the heat pump 2. The ducted configuration may include spigots to facilitate the installation of inlet and outlet ducts. The spigots may be located on the top or side of the heat pump 2. Further airflow configurations are also possible depending on the desired installation configuration of the heat pump 2.

[0134] The heat pump 2 can be provided with one of several airflow configurations. For example, the airflow may be discharged vertically from the heat pump portion of the product. Alternatively, the airflow may be discharged from the side of the heat pump portion. Alternatively, the airflow may be introduced and discharged through an opening provided in the outer wall of the heat pump. The opening may be connected to a duct as needed during installation. Other airflow patterns are also available.

[0135] The vertical air discharge configuration may include an impeller 207, such as fan blades, positioned eccentrically with respect to the evaporator and / or casing assembly. The impeller 207 may be directly connected to an axial fan motor, which would also be positioned eccentrically within the heat pump 2. In the vertical configuration, the axial fan blades move air through the periphery of the evaporator 280 by introduction and discharge the air vertically from the casing. In some cases, the diameter of the impeller blades is maximized to fill the available space. This can reduce the rotational speed of the impeller 207. The impeller 207 may have a motor or actuator for driving the impeller, positioned below the impeller or mechanically coupled to the impeller. The motor may be a brushless DC motor with speed control capabilities. In other embodiments, the impeller motor may be inductive or electrically commutated (EC). Alternatively, the airflow within the heat pump 2 may be generated by other means, such as an air curtain. The evaporator 280 may have flanges or frames at at least one or both ends for mounting to the housing and / or partition of the heat pump 2.

[0136] In some cases, the heat pump 2 includes a single-row evaporator (such as a finned heat exchanger) and a large-diameter, slow-rotating axial fan. This combination increases the airflow over the evaporator coil and reduces the temperature difference (TD) between the refrigerant and the air within the coil. Overall, this combination may achieve low noise and low delta-T performance (high SCOP).

[0137] The heat pump hot water system 1 may be an integrated system or a modular system. In a modular system, the heat pump 2 and the storage unit 3 or water cylinder can be reversibly connected. The heat pump hot water supply system 1 of the present invention may be a modular system comprising, for example, two modules: the heat pump 2 and the storage unit 3. Such a modular system can be easily assembled and disassembled during installation and maintenance, allowing for flexible use. In some cases, a suitable connection can be made between the lip of the storage unit's mounting base (e.g., top surface 310 and / or lip 32) and the corresponding mounting part of the heat pump 2 (e.g., bottom surface 210 and flange 216). The mounting base may be a lip, and the mounting part may be a flange. In contrast to prior art systems which have multiple sections and require complex assembly and / or wiring connections to be completed on-site, the modular system allows the installer to quickly and easily connect the two modules. Alternatively, the system can be assembled as an integrated or combined system.

[0138] When used as a modular system, the connections (water 211, 212 and electrical 444, 445) may be located in easily accessible positions. In some cases, there are at least two access panels providing access to the connections. These may be located in the heat pump unit 2 and the storage unit 3, respectively. The connections can be realized manually and / or without the use of tools. The modular system allows each module to be easily lifted and easy to connect / disconnect between modules. The modular system also allows for the installation of various modules. In some cases, the storage unit may be installed without the heat pump module and operated as a normal hot water cylinder. In some cases, once the heat pump 2 is installed and electrically connected to the storage unit 3, the heating element 311 of the storage unit 3 is de-energized and the heat pump 2 operates independently.

[0139] The heat pump 2 may be configured to facilitate the installation of a modular system. The heat pump 2 may have mounting parts such as flanges or skirts for better securing to the storage unit and / or for engaging with recesses or lips on the storage unit. To allow the heat pump 2 to be easily and safely lifted and installed, it is provided with at least one, preferably at least two, at least three, or at least four handles. The handles may be located on the outer perimeter of the heat pump housing. The handles may be recessed to give the system a clean appearance. In some cases, only some of the handles may be recessed. The handles may be positioned so that the heat pump can be installed in a corner without the handles contacting a wall. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove the outer casing before accessing the handles.

[0140] The heat pump 2 may have a lower surface configured to rest on the upper surface of the storage unit and / or engage with the upper surface of the storage unit. The heat pump 2 optionally has substantially the same diameter as the corresponding storage unit 3, although the diameter and / or shape can be modified. In some cases, the diameter of the heat pump 2 is slightly smaller than that of the storage unit 3 to provide clearance for easier installation. A control panel 203 may be positioned on the heat pump. Optionally, the control panel 203 is positioned on the exterior wall as a user-accessible panel.

[0141] When installing the heat pump 2 into the storage unit 3, the installer only needs to connect the water lines 211 and 212 to the tank connector and connect the electrical harnesses 444 and 445 between the units. In some cases, the water lines 211 and 212 may pass through openings on the top surface of the storage unit. The water lines 211 and 212 may extend through passages inside the insulated housing surrounding the tank (e.g., inside a molded insulated cavity) and emerge at the upper element. Alternatively, the water lines 211 and 212 may be detachable from both the heat pump 2 and the storage unit 3. Alternatively, the water lines 211 and 212 may be attached to the storage unit 3 and pushed up from the opening. The insulated housing may be molded to allow the lines to pass through the passages easily.

[0142] When the heat pump 2 is connected to the storage unit 3, the water lines 211 and 212 are fluidly connected to the storage unit 3, allowing chilled water to be drawn from the tank 451 and hot water to be returned to the tank 451. Since the water pump 261 is located within the heat pump 2, the only connections required are the water connections and, if necessary, electrical connectors. The heat pump 2 may function independently of the storage unit 3, and similarly, the storage unit 3 can operate without the heat pump 2. This modular approach not only allows for multiple applications of the heat pump and storage unit combination, but also simplifies installation by reducing the weight that the installer has to lift due to the two independent parts. In some cases, the heat pump 2 may be located away from the storage unit 3, with extension cables running between them. This can reduce the height of the system and provide further flexibility.

[0143] The modular arrangement allows the installer to place the heat pump on top of the storage unit. The heat pump 2 may be rotated so that its bottom opening aligns with the opening in the storage unit 3, allowing for the connection of the corresponding cable. Alternatively, the connection may be external, optionally using a cover. In some cases, guides or orientation devices may be used to ensure that the heat pump is correctly positioned on top of the storage unit, or to guide the heat pump 2 into the correct position. For example, corresponding protrusions or recesses on each component may be configured to engage only when the component is correctly aligned. The recesses or protrusions may be shaped so that the heat pump is in the expected position when it is nearly aligned. For example, the recesses may be narrowed or tapered. The installer only needs to pull the electrical harness up from the storage unit and connect it, and route the water conduit through the upper electrical mounting base and attach it to the tank connector. In some cases, differences in the shape or style of the connections and / or hoses and tubes can distinguish the correct connection destination and prevent incorrect installation.

[0144] The storage unit 3 may have a control unit 312. The control unit 312 may be located in the lower element mounting base 302. The lower element mounting base 302 may also be connected to the heating element. An electrical connection unit 350 may extend from the lower element mounting base to the heat pump 2 to supply power and / or control signals to the heat pump 2. The electrical connection unit 350 may extend within the insulated housing 450 of the storage unit 3. The electrical connection unit 350 may pass through the upper element mounting base 301 and through the same or parallel passages as the water conduits 211, 212. In some cases, the element mounting bases 302, 301 may be called through-holes because they provide openings that pass through the walls of the tank 451 of the storage unit 3.

[0145] Figure 2 is an exploded view of an example of a hot water system 1. The hot water system 1 is modular and has two modules: a heat pump module 2 and a storage unit 3. The heat pump 2 is mounted on the storage unit 3. To facilitate installation, a heat pump mounting base may be used. This mounting base has a lip 320 on the storage unit 3 and engages with the flange 216 of the heat pump mounting base. The heat pump 2 may be permanently mounted or installed on the storage unit 3, but all of its physical connections, water connections and / or electrical harnesses can be detachably connected to the storage unit 3, which has the advantage of allowing components to be transported and installed separately and easily removed for maintenance. When installed, the heat pump 2 and storage unit 3 may appear as an integrated system. The modules are shown as cylindrical, but other shapes may be used.

[0146] Figure 3 shows the heat pump 2 of Figure 2. This heat pump 2 has a vertical airflow (top vent) configuration with an inlet vent 204 located on the outer wall 205 of the heat pump housing and an outlet vent 202 located through the top surface 221. In the heat pump 2, air is drawn in from the inlet vent 204 on the evaporator through at least a portion, and optionally most, of the outer wall. As shown in the figure, the outlet vent 202 has a large radius to minimize flow turbulence and is located on the top surface 221. The outlet vent 202 may have substantially the same diameter as the impeller. Other airflow configurations are also possible and will be described later. The control panel 203 is visible through the outer wall 205 so that the user can adjust the settings of the heat pump 2. The bottom surface 210 is configured to rest on the storage section 3 and may have mounting parts such as a skirt 216 and guide parts to ensure correct alignment.

[0147] Figure 4a shows a plan view of the base 470 of a vertical airflow variant. Figure 4b shows a stereoscopic view. By changing the layout, various airflow variants can be realized. As shown, the base 470 may be molded from plastic. The base 470 is configured to facilitate the assembly of the heat pump 2 and optionally facilitate the attachment / detachment of the heat pump 2 to / from the storage unit 3. A protrusion, such as a wall indicated as an upstand 490, is used to guide the assembly of the partition panel. The upstand 490 may seal against the partition panel. Fastener positions, such as recessed bosses 491, are designed to receive screws to facilitate the attachment of the partition panel. The upstand 490 can be used to control the dimensions of the partition.

[0148] The evaporator is positioned by a number of protrusions and / or recesses, such as feature portions 492, 493, and 495. For example, a protrusion 495 on the circumference of the base portion 470 may be clipped to or otherwise fastened to the base of the evaporator 280. The protrusion 495 may be pressed against the fins of the evaporator to position the evaporator around them. Protrusions at the ends of the partition, such as tabs 492, 493, may assist in the alignment of the end portion 282 of the evaporator, for example, by positioning the flange of the evaporator 280. Positioning is in the radial and circumferential directions.

[0149] In some cases, to facilitate handling of the heat pump 2, multiple handles 201 are arranged around the outer circumference of the base 470. These may be internal handles, external handles, or a combination of both. There may be at least two handles 201. The base 470 may have a number of openings, such as through-holes, penetrating its surface 496. Through-holes 422 and 423 are provided to facilitate assembly of the condenser to the base 470 and to allow the water inlet, water outlet, refrigerant inlet, and water outlet to pass through. A cavity 510 is optionally provided on the front of the product, allowing the water inlet and water outlet lines to pass through the base 470 from the storage unit 3 to the heat pump 2. The cavity 510 also allows electrical connections (with or without connectors) to pass through. A condensate channel 432 can be used to collect condensate generated from the evaporator 280, which exits the base 470 at a drain 433. There may be only one drain 433. The drain port 433 optionally incorporates a spout that allows for the attachment of a flexible hose for drainage to a remote location. Protrusions such as those on the wall 440, which are intermittent in this example, allow for the positioning of the compressor. Optionally, by using a mounting flange (not shown), the compressor and / or flange can be held at fastener positions 441 by fasteners such as mounting screws. Further bosses or fastener positions 441 may be provided for mounting brackets to hold the water pump 252. Fastener positions 441 may incorporate bosses to support the mounting brackets.

[0150] Figure 4b shows a mounting base 430 for an impeller 207 having fastener positions 431. The impeller 207 may be mounted on a removable mounting base 630 that fits into a base 470 via a positioning flange 641 having fastener positions 642, as shown in Figure 4c. The removable mounting base 630 allows the impeller 207 to be positioned at a desired height / position within the heat pump. Fasteners such as screws may be used to hold the removable mounting base 430 to the base 470. The fasteners may be mounted between the respective flanges 641 and 430. A mounting base such as a castation 643 is provided on top of the mounting base 630. The mounting base has positioning mounting positions 645 and / or fixing mounting positions 644 to facilitate connection of a fan motor.

[0151] Figure 5 shows the heat pump 2 with the outer wall 205 removed, as in Figure 3. All or part of the outer wall 205 may function as a removable cover, allowing access to the heat pump 2 during installation and maintenance. The heat pump 2 has a horizontal base 470. A heat exchanger (not shown in Figure 5) is located below the base, while other components are located above or above the base. A partition 281 divides the space above the base into two parts: an impeller section 404 housing the impeller 207 and a compressor section 405 housing the compressor 290. This seals the compressor. The partition 281 extends in a "W" shape formed by a section that crosses part of the heat pump. This extends to both ends of the evaporator 280. The central part of the partition curves inward to maximize the available space for the impeller 207. The partition 281 has an edge 281a that is folded upwards to form a seal with the cover or top surface of the heat pump 2.

[0152] An impeller, such as a fan 207, is configured to facilitate or drive air through the evaporator 280 and out through the outlet vent 202 shown in Figure 2. The evaporator forms part of the circuit through which the refrigerant flows. After heat is transferred to the refrigerant in the evaporator, the refrigerant moves to the compressor 290, then to the heat exchanger, where heat is transferred to the water, and then through the expansion valve 262, the refrigerant distributor 260, and through multiple refrigerant paths 214 to the evaporator. Figure 5 shows a reversal valve 264, which may be present in a heat pump to allow heating and cooling.

[0153] The heat pump has a water channel through which water flows within the heat pump 2. Although water is referred to throughout this specification, it should be understood that other fluids can be used in the same way. The water channel includes a water inlet conduit 211 and a water outlet conduit 212. The conduit is shown as a tube, but may be a pipe, flexible hose, flexible pipe, or other suitable conduit. Conduits 211, 212 allow water to move between the storage unit 3 and the heat pump 2 for heating. The water then passes through the water pump 261 and is heated by the refrigerant through the heat exchanger 270. As shown, the connectors 213 of the water inlet conduit 211 and the water outlet conduit 212 may be different to avoid incorrect installation. The connector 213 may have a seal or O-ring to enable sealing with the storage unit 3. The connector 213 may have a sliding O-ring seal and a knurled nut to achieve a sealing connection by finger tightening without the use of tools. Other connectors are also available.

[0154] As shown in Figure 2, the inlet water conduit 211 and outlet water conduit 212 are configured to pass through the opening 4 of the storage unit 3. An opening 510 at the base of the heat pump allows the conduits 211 and 212 to pass through the base and enter the opening 4. By positioning the conduits 211 and 212 on the front bottom of the heat pump 2 near the edge of the outer wall 205 of the heat pump, the assembler / installer can easily grasp the connector 213 and pass it through the opening 4. The water conduits may then pass through a passage inside the storage unit 3 and connect to the tank connector 330. Alternatively, the water conduits 211 and 213 may pass outside the storage unit. A cover may be used to conceal the connection. Further arrangements are possible, such as providing an external connection between the heat pump 2 and the storage unit 3, or providing the opening 4 elsewhere on the top surface of the storage unit 3 and configuring the water inlet conduit 211 and water outlet conduit 212 to align with the opening.

[0155] Figure 5 is a front perspective view of the heat pump 2 with the control housing 250 removed. This figure shows several sensors positioned around the components. In some cases, not all sensors are present, and additional sensors may be used. Thermistor 291 is located at the inlet or outlet of the heat exchanger. Thermistor 293 is located in relation to the outlet water, or the outlet water conduit 211, to detect the outlet water temperature. An optional thermistor 292 is located on or in relation to the RTWHX condenser during the refrigerant condensation stage (in the case of a subcritical version). In the case of a supercritical system, or if selected by the designer in a subcritical system, a pressure sensor may be used instead of a temperature sensor. Thermistor 294 is located to detect the ambient temperature, and this may be configured to exit the housing of the heat pump 2. Thermistor 295 is located on the inlet water tube 212, or to detect the inlet water temperature. Thermistor 296 is located at the outlet of the compressor 290, or to detect the temperature at the outlet of the compressor 290.

[0156] The heat pump has a bottom surface 210 configured to be mounted to a storage unit. A handle 210 extends from the heat pump, providing an option for lifting. Alternatively, the handle 201a is recessed in the front of the heat pump 2. This allows the handle 201a to be covered, keeping the surface of the heat pump 2 neat. Alternatively, or in combination, the heat pump may have a mounting base, such as legs, for mounting the heat pump to another surface. For example, the legs may be positioned to mount the heat pump to any horizontal surface.

[0157] Figure 6 is an exploded view of the heat pump 2 with the insulation 272 and heat exchanger 270 removed from below the base 470 of the heat pump 2. The lower wall 461 of the heat pump extends beyond the base to cover the heat exchanger when assembled. The heat exchanger 270, or at least the heat transfer tubes 271, is fixed to the insulation 272. The insulation 2 reduces heat loss in the exchanger. The insulation in Figure 6 is formed by insulation panels 273, with four panels forming the top and bottom sections of the insulation, respectively. The insulation panels are interlocked to form a solid layer. The insulation panels 273 may be molded to tightly surround the heat transfer tubes. Mounting brackets 279 support the insulation 272 and the heat exchanger within the insulation 272. The mounting brackets 279 are fixed to the base 470 at fastener positions 2791.

[0158] The heat exchanger 270 may have a double tube configuration. Other configurations are also possible, such as a shotgun configuration in which the refrigerant tube and water tube are joined side by side, or a configuration in which the refrigerant tube is spirally wound around the outside of a grooved inner tube. The double tube configuration has an inner tube through which water is transported and an outer tube through which the refrigerant flows to heat the water. In such a case, the heat exchanger 270 has a water inlet 274 and a water outlet 275, and a refrigerant inlet 276 and a refrigerant outlet 277. The inner tube may be corrugated to shorten the length of the refrigerant flow path and improve heat transfer. Figure 6 shows a spiral winding from the inlet 274 toward the center of the heat pump 2 and from the outlet 275 toward the periphery of the heat pump. The number of turns of the heat transfer tube is four, but this is changeable. A single-layer heat exchanger is used because it has been found to provide sufficient heating while keeping the system height low. Inlets 274, 275, 276, and 277 extend vertically through openings in the base 470 and / or insulation 272 to connect to components or piping within the heat pump 2.

[0159] Since the compressor 290 has also been removed, the optional vents 391 in the partition wall are visible. In some cases, the vents 391 are not used to improve the sealing of the compressor section. With the compressor 290 removed, the end 282 of the evaporator 280 is also visible. The refrigerant path 214 extends through the end 282 of the evaporator, which may have a flange, while the partition 281 is connected to them to separate the compressor section from the impeller section.

[0160] Figure 7 shows the heat pump 2 of Figure 6 with the control housing 250 positioned at the front of the heat pump 2. The front cover 281 of the control housing 250 is shown in an exploded view. The control housing 250 has a control electrical harness 444 configured to connect to a control connection from the storage unit, and a power connection 445 configured to supply power to the heat pump 2. A single composite electrical connection may be used instead. A control unit 253, such as a PCB, within the control housing 250 is configured to receive and / or transmit signals via the control connection 444. The control unit is configured to operate the heat pump 2 in response to the transmitted / received signals. The control housing 250 may include a power converter configured to convert or adjust the high-power connection 445 to the signal connection required by the heat pump 2. The control housing 250 is mounted on or near the outer perimeter of the heat pump 2 for easy access. In particular, the control housing 250 is mounted on the front of the heat pump 2, on the side of the partition 281 opposite the impeller 207. This also allows the electrical conduits 244, 245 and the water conduits 211, 212 to pass through and / or connect directly beneath the control housing 250.

[0161] The control housing 250 is sealed by the use of periphery rubber seals and compliant seals that substantially seal the gap between the wiring bundle (indicated as control connectors 444 and heating connectors 445) and the control housing 250. When properly assembled, the housing meets the refrigerant leakage requirements (required for A3 and A2L refrigerants) specified in common electrical safety standards. A user interface 252 may be provided. The user interface is shown as part of the control housing 250. The user interface 252 may have a number of buttons or switches 258 that enable control of the device. These may be properly sealed as shown.

[0162] Figure 8 shows details of the connections below the control housing. As shown, these are located above the opening 510 in the base 470 of the heat pump 2 and are connected to the storage unit 3. The water lines 211 and 212 may be long enough to reach the storage unit 3 while being able to be coiled in the space below the control housing 250. Connector 213 is shown as a threaded connector suitable for manual tightening. Electrical harnesses 444 and 445 have connectors that allow connection to mating connectors extending from the storage unit.

[0163] Figure 9 shows details of the water pump 261 and heat exchanger tube 271. An exploded view of the pump connection is shown, with the water pump 261 mounted on a base 470 (not shown) and the heat exchanger tube 471 below the base. In some cases, the position of the heat exchanger tube 271 may be moved, for example, to the top of the heat pump 2. The water flow path is driven by the water pump 261 through the water inlet 274. Depending on the type of pump used, a check valve such as a non-return valve 415 may be used to prevent water from returning to the water pump 261 at the outlet. The water pump 261 feeds water into the heat exchanger through the water inlet tube 274. An air vent valve 414, which is fluid-connected to the water pump, is configured to prevent air from being introduced into the heat exchanger. A thermistor or temperature sensor may be provided to measure the temperature of the water entering the heat exchanger. An opening through the base 470 of the heat pump 2 allows connection to the heat exchanger 270 below.

[0164] Typically, sensors are provided at the water inlet 274 and water outlet 275 of the heat exchanger 270 to allow water to flow through the heat exchanger pipe 271. These sensors may enable sensing of the temperature at the water inlet and water outlet. The sensors are mounted via support bases such as brackets 419 provided at the water inlet and / or water outlet. The connector of the inlet 274 joint may be a parallel thread with a generous internal dimension to receive a connector 126 such as a mating part with a seal such as an O-ring 127. Other sealing means may also be provided. The water pump 261 may be connected to the heat exchanger tube 271 by an adapter 385. The adapter allows the unassembled heat exchanger 270 to be easily inserted into the base 470. When assembled, the adapter 385 mates with the pump 261 and the connector to the inlet 274. The adapter 385 is sealed to the connector 126 using an O-ring 127. Furthermore, the adapter 385 is cross-drilled to allow flow from the water pump 261 to the heat exchanger regardless of the orientation of the adapter 385. The adapter 385 may have a large internal bore to accommodate a check valve 415 to prevent backflow of water when the water pump 261 is not operating. The adapter 385 may be held in place by fasteners such as a clip 388 to fit into the mating groove of the connector 126. Alternatively, the adapter 385 may be held in place using a spacer that holds it in place when the vent 414 is installed. The automatic vent 414 allows for the removal of excess air from the water circuit as needed during startup and operation of the heat exchanger 270. Typically, the vent 414 is held in place by screws, but other fastening devices may be used. For example, clips may be used.

[0165] The water pump 261 may have a flange connection that allows for clip retention by an O-ring seal and clip 362. This enables a secure and quick connection to the inlet and outlet (outlet adapter 385 and inlet adapter 361). In some cases, the water conduit 274 can be connected directly to the water pump 261 via the mating flange and / or O-ring assembly. In this case, the inlet adapter 361 is not required. The inlet adapter 361 allows the water pump 261 to be connected to the mating conduit using a swivel nut, enabling standardization of the connections of the water conduits used. Other known methods may be used to connect the water pump 261 to the heat exchanger 270.

[0166] Figure 10 is a rear view of the heat pump shown in Figure 5. The impeller 207 is off-center from the impeller section 404 to maximize the size of the blades used and therefore the airflow. The impeller is mounted to a motor or drive unit 217, but modifications are possible. A partition separating the compressor section from the impeller section is visible. A curve or recess in the center of the partition is shown to allow the large impeller to rotate freely. The rim 282 of the evaporator is shown as a flange extending outward to match the outer housing. A condensate channel 432 in the base (as described in Figure 3) removes condensate from the evaporator. As shown here, the channel 432 extends along the lower edge of the evaporator and, near the handle 201, draws in condensate and discharges it from the heat pump. A continuous downward slope is provided from one end to the terminal point. Because there is a single drain point, a flexible hose can be easily connected to discharge the condensate without causing any problems during operation. The location and structure of the condensate discharge section may be configured as needed.

[0167] Figure 11 shows the heat pump 2 with a portion of the evaporator 280 cut out to show the impeller portion 404 of the internal space. The impeller portion 404 houses the impeller 207 and the motor 217 that drives the impeller. The impeller 207 extends above the top surface 221 of the heat pump 2, and a grille 406 is shown protecting it while allowing airflow. This helps to increase the airflow above the heat pump 2 and push the air laterally. A cross section of the evaporator 280 shows a refrigerant path 214 passing through it, which is configured to carry the refrigerant through the evaporator 280. The inlet vents 204 surrounding the evaporator 280 (forming the outer evaporator casing) have multiple holes or openings 424 to allow air to freely pass through the evaporator and the associated refrigerant path 214.

[0168] Figure 12A shows the storage unit 3 separately. The storage unit 3 is similar to known hot water storage units such as hot water cylinders, comprising an (invisible) internal tank configured to hold water (to be heated) and an insulated housing 303 configured to retain heat in the tank to reduce energy loss. A cylindrical storage unit is typical, but the cross-section does not have to be circular. A square, elliptical, or other shape may be used as needed. Typically, the storage unit has an upper and lower end with a continuous side wall between them. However, the side wall may have multiple sections.

[0169] In the modular system shown without heat pump 2, the storage unit 3 can function as a general hot water system, especially in configurations where heat pump 2 is not connected. Cold water may enter the tank from the cold water inlet 304, and hot water may be discharged from the hot water outlet 306. Additional inlets and / or outlets may be available for external heating or multiple connection systems. At least one, preferably two, or at least two element mounting bases 301, 302 are located in the tank, typically on the side walls of the tank. In conventional systems, these are configured to allow heating elements, such as electro-immersion elements, to be inserted into the tank. Suitable heating elements may include four-bolt flanges that can be mounted to the element mounting bases.

[0170] As shown in Figure 12A, one of the element mounting bases (in this case, the upper element mounting base 301) is repurposed as a tank connector mounting base. The tank connector 330 provides a connection for transferring water to and from the tank, for example, to the associated heat pump 2. The connection via the element mounting base provides access to the inside of the tank without altering the tank's structure and is easily installed. The necessary electrical harness can also be placed between the lower element mounting base 302 and the heat pump.

[0171] An opening 4, optionally equipped with a lid 41, is located on the upper surface 310 of the storage section 3. The opening 4 is located on, adjacent to, or near the outer edge of the storage section 3, but other locations are also possible. Preferably, the opening 4 is aligned with the position of the upper element mounting base 301. The opening 4 may be configured to provide an electrical connection and / or water connection between the storage section 3 and the heat pump 2. However, other heating devices, such as a hot water circulating heat transfer module, can also be connected through the opening 4. The opening 4 allows water conduits and / or electrical conduits to pass through the insulation surrounding the tank, reducing heat loss and preventing damage.

[0172] Figure 12a shows a storage unit 3 having a top surface 310 suitable (i.e., structurally feasible) for supporting the heat pump 2, enabling a modular system. Other arrangements of the heat pump 2 are also possible, including remote monitoring. The top surface 310 has a mounting base, such as a lip 320, for securing the heat pump 2 to the storage unit 3. The top surface 310 may also have guides for aligning the heat pump 2 relative to the storage unit 3. The guides may be a separate feature from the mounting base, or they may be a combination of both. The guides may be designed with some leeway to allow for flexibility in positioning the heat pump 2 during installation. The heat pump 2 may be secured in place with fasteners such as screws, self-drilling screws, or bolts. For example, the fasteners may secure the heat pump 2 to the lip 320. Instead of guides, alignment features may be provided on the top surface 310, such as protrusions or recesses configured to engage with corresponding protrusions or recesses on the heat pump 2 when properly aligned. Figure 12a shows a dip tube 340 extending from the upper element mounting base 301, which allows water to be drawn from the bottom of the tank to the heat pump.

[0173] Figures 12b to 12f show the configuration of the storage section 3 in more detail. In particular, the upper element mounting base 301 and the lower element mounting base 302 are shown with their covers removed, and the opening 4 is in the open position and has a connecting portion.

[0174] Figure 12b shows the upper element mounting base 301 replaced by the tank connector 330. In this example, the hot water system 1 is operating with the heat pump connected, so the water connectors 321, 323 are closed with caps or covers 324. The tank connector 330 is bolted to the upper element mounting base 301 by bolts 601. Other methods of securing the tank connection flange are also possible. The tank connector 330 may have a different shape if necessary to mate with another element mounting base 301. The tank connector 330 may also be a flange, which may be molded, forged, or machined from brass, stainless steel, reinforced plastic, or other suitable material that can withstand the water pressure from the tank. The tank connector 330 provides fluid connections for the inlet and outlet passages to the heat pump 2. The dip tube 340 is shown extending from the tank connector 330.

[0175] Figure 12c shows the tank connection section 330 to which the water lines 211 and 212 are connected. Figure 12c shows that the inlet line 212 is mounted horizontally and the outlet line 211 is mounted vertically, which not only provides additional space in the limited area of ​​the tank connector 330 but also helps to avoid misconnections.

[0176] Figure 12c also shows an electrical harness 350, such as cables or electrical connections, passing through the upper element mounting base 301. The electrical harness may also extend from the lower element mounting base 302. This allows for the power supply to the heat pump 2 while consolidating the electrical connections to the combined hot water system in one location. The electrical harness 350 may pass through a conduit between the mounting points of the lower element mounting base 302 and the upper element mounting base 301. The tank connector 330 is shown secured to the upper element mounting base 301 by four bolts, such as four bolts 335.

[0177] Figure 12d shows the lower element mounting base 302 and the associated wiring layout and control equipment. In some cases, the lower element mounting base 302 provides a backup heating element 311 in case of a problem with the heat pump 2. The heating element 311 may be a common electro-immersed element or another heating element mounted in a known manner. The lower element mounting base 302 may house a control unit 312 for controlling the operation of the hot water system 1, or at least the storage unit 3. The control unit 312 may include a small PCB. The control unit 312 may be configured to enable local or remote operation of the heating element and / or the heat pump 2.

[0178] Electrical connections 314 and 315 are located between the control unit 312 and the element 311. These include power (live) 314 and neutral 315. A power supply 318 supplies power to the system. Control wiring 44 and heating wiring 45 are connected to the control unit 312 and / or power supply 318. These are coupled together as an electrical harness 350 and extend between the tank and the housing (i.e., through or around the insulation) to the upper element connection 301 and / or heat pump 2. The control unit 312 may also be connected to at least one thermostat or temperature sensor to determine the water temperature at one or more locations in the tank. Power may be received via a power connection 820.

[0179] Figure 12e shows the opening 4 in the open position of the lid 41. Other openings may be used, but advantageously, the heat pump 2 is configured such that the lid 41 opens upward and the heat pump 2 is mounted in the water storage unit 3, leaving space in the area of ​​the opening 4 that allows the lid 41 to remain open. The lid may have clips or fastening means 42, such as protrusions or holes as shown. In some cases, the opening 4 may be divided or separated into two or more sections. This may form two sections of the housing. The two sections may be separated, for example, by a protrusion 43 configured to separate the water conduit from the electrical harness. The protrusion 43 may be configured such that the electrical connector folds over it (for example, into a 180-degree U-shape), as shown in Figure 12e. This means that when the top cover is secured for shipping, the electrical harness is secured to the top of the housing and does not fall into the cavity below. By positioning the opening 4 near the outer edge of the upper surface 310, installers can easily access the opening when installing and / or removing the heat pump 2 on top of the storage unit 3. This reduces the complexity and time required for installing the heat pump module.

[0180] Figure 12f shows the opening 4 when the heat pump 2 is mounted on or attached to the storage unit 3 (when the outer wall 205 is removed). It shows how electrical harnesses 44, 45, 444, and 445 are connected, providing an electrical connection between the heat pump 2 and the storage unit 3. Water connections are not shown. In some cases, the electrical harnesses are equipped with connectors 443, such as plugs, at one end for easy, tool-free connection. Figure 12f shows the use of two harnesses, one for low voltage control wiring (control wiring 44) and the other for commercial power supply voltage to provide power 45 to and from the heat pump 2. Alternatively, a single electrical connection or harness may be used to reduce the number of connections. The power wiring 45 may be at a relatively high voltage (e.g., commercial power supply voltage). The electrical harnesses 44 and 45 can be easily and quickly connected without tools by inserting them through the opening 4. For example, modularity is further enhanced when the storage unit 3 is connected to the electrical harness of the heat pump 2 by two sets of connecting plugs, as shown in the figure. Alternatively, the electrical connection can be realized using a single set of electrical harness and connectors. In this modified embodiment, all conductors and associated control equipment must be designed for AC power.

[0181] Figure 13 shows the heat pump 2 of Figure 3, with water lines 211 and 212 connected to the tank connector 330 and the dip tube 340 extending into the tank. The storage unit is not shown, and part of the heat pump has been removed for clarity. The water flow path within the heat pump 2 was previously described with respect to Figure 7. The water flow path within the storage unit 3 is visible, showing that water is drawn in through the dip tube 340, enters the water inlet line 211 through the tank connector 330, enters the water pump 261 through the horizontal connection, enters the heat exchanger 270 through the base of the heat pump 2, exits the heat exchanger vertically through the water outlet line 212, and returns to the tank through the connection 330. This route means that a single inlet to the tank (tank connector 330) is required, through which both the inlet and outlet pass. The arrangement of the pumps and the direction of connection provide a short water flow path and allow the heat exchanger 270 to be placed at the base of the heat pump 2. Figure 13 also shows the pipeline 289 for circulating the refrigerant through the heat pump 2.

[0182] Figure 14 is an exploded view of the tank connector 330. The tank connector 330 has connections on both sides. On the outside of the tank, there are connections for the inlet water line 211 and the outlet water line 212. There may be further connections on the outside for installing sensors inside the tank. On the inside of the tank connector, there may be tubes for controlling the inflow of water into the tank and the outflow of water from the tank, such as a dip tube for drawing water up from the bottom of the tank.

[0183] The external connector is configured to connect to the water conduit as previously shown, so that the water conduit connects to an opening through which the tank connector 330 passes. Connectors 321 and 323 are threaded to allow connection, but other connection types may be used. Connectors 321 and 323 may also be reverse threaded to avoid incorrect assembly. The connector is shown with a cap or cover 324, which may seal the connector when not in use, along with an O-ring 723. The O-ring 723 may also be used when connecting the water conduit. The inside of the tank connector 330 may be a simple opening, but may have a fitting to improve water flow, as shown. A dip tube 340 may be used to extend the inlet toward the bottom of the tank to draw up colder water. The dip tube is shown connected to a dip tube connecting pipe 750 that extends between the tank connector 330 and the dip tube 340. This straight pipe makes the connection easier. The outlet may have an outlet pipe (341, shown in Figure 1), which may guide or direct the water re-flowing towards the top of the tank.

[0184] The sensor housing 770 or sensor pocket extends into the tank inside the tank connector 330. This may be properly sealed using an O-ring 771. The sensor can be placed inside the sensor housing 770 by passing it through the opening 710, for example, to measure temperature. The tank connection 330 may use a seal 731 that is compressed between the tank connector 330 and the side of the tank when the tank connector is attached. As shown in the figure, the inlet connector 323 and the outlet connector 321 extend in different directions, and the inlet connector has an elbow for changing its direction.

[0185] Figure 15A shows one type of connection of the water conduit 211 to the tank connector 330. The water conduit is a braided water hose with a fitting that includes a connector 322. The connector is equipped with a loose knurled nut to facilitate tightening by hand. Other configurations are also possible.

[0186] Figure 15b shows details of the connector when installed. This notch indicates that the inner wall of the water conduit connector 322 slides within the connector 323 and that the knurled nut has an internal thread that engages with the threads on the outside of the connector 323. Other types of connectors may be used.

[0187] The heat transfer tube 271 may be a double-walled heat transfer tube (i.e., having two walls between the refrigerant and the water). The heat transfer tube has an inner tube that is corrugated or grooved or has raised ribs to increase the turbulence of the flow and increase the heat transfer coefficient on the water side. The intermediate wall is a tube with at least a smooth inner wall, which may be reduced in size or flattened relative to the inner tube. The grooved outer wall of the inner tube and the smooth inner wall of the intermediate tube form a spiral or helical path or drainage channel along the outer surface of the inner tube. The drainage channel exits from both ends of the heat exchanger and forms an outlet for leaked refrigerant or water, depending on where a failure occurs. The outer tube is then positioned around the intermediate tube to form the heat exchanger cross section assembly.

[0188] Various types of intermediate tubes can be used. In the simplest embodiment, a smooth tube is used. If improved performance is desired, an intermediate tube having both a smooth and a roughened outer surface may be used to increase heat exchange on the refrigerant side. Surface-treated tubes can also be used. The outer tube may be a smooth tube. If necessary, performance may be improved after assembly by dimple or groove forming on the outer surface. During use, water flows through the inner tube, and the refrigerant flows between the intermediate tube and the outer tube.

[0189] Figure 16 shows a version in which the heat pump 2 and storage unit 3 are integrated. Outwardly, it is similar to the modular version shown in Figure 2. In some cases, the heat pump 2 is assembled to the storage unit 3 at the factory and can be removed by technicians for maintenance and / or when it reaches the end of its service life. This can lead to significant cost savings by reducing the need for additional electrical connectors and control units. In other embodiments, the heat pump 2 is no longer removable from the storage unit 3. Optionally, a handle 201 may be present to allow movement of the integrated system. The heat pump 2 and storage unit 3 may be permanently connected. The insulation surrounding the storage unit's tank may extend to the heat pump 2 and, for example, surround a heat exchanger. This may prevent heat loss. Modularity is maintained by optionally using a modular heat exchanger / insulation concept. Water conduits may pass through the insulation passage between the tank connector of the upper element mounting base 301 and the heat pump 2. Similar to the modular design, the water pipeline transfers water to the heat pump and can be disconnected at the tank connector and / or heat pump 2. The connection may be manually adjustable. This allows for easy connection of heat pump 2 as needed. Heat pump 2 may have any of the features described above.

[0190] Figures 17a and 17b illustrate the differences in the insulation 272 of the heat exchanger 270 that may be present in modular and integrated systems. Figure 17a shows the boundary between the heat pump 2 and the storage unit 3 by a notch in the wall 205 of the heat pump 2. The insulation 272 is formed below the base 470 of the heat pump. The insulation 272 of the interlock panel 273 surrounds the heat transfer tubes 271. These may be supported by brackets (not shown). The bottom surface 801 may protect the insulation or provide a mating surface for the storage unit. This arrangement may be used in an integrated system. However, Figure 17b shows an alternative arrangement that simplifies the integrated system because it does not require the separation of the heat pump 2. The insulation 272 surrounding the heat transfer tubes 271 is an extension of the insulation 450 surrounding the water tank 451. This eliminates the boundaries and gaps between the insulation, reducing leakage. The heat exchanger tubes 271 are still located below the base 470 of the heat pump, but instead of requiring brackets, they may be housed within an insulating mold and supported by the insulating mold.

[0191] Top exhaust: Figures 18a and 18b show the airflow through the top exhaust heat pump shown in Figures 2 and 16. The airflow to the evaporator enters from the side wall 205 of the heat pump, passes through the grille 406, and exits from the top surface 221. The impeller 207 is positioned vertically within the impeller section 404 of the heat pump, and the partition 281 is positioned to allow the maximum diameter of the impeller 207 while ensuring space for the compressor 290 and other components within the compressor section 405.

[0192] Side exhaust: Figures 19a and 19b show integrated and modular versions of a side exhaust heat pump. The overall shape and connectivity may have similar features to those described for a top exhaust heat pump. However, Figures 20a and 20b show variations of the airflow through the system. Air still enters through the side wall 205, but now exits through the side wall 205 on the opposite side of the heat pump 2. The evaporator 280a is planar. The evaporator 280a is located at or near the central diameter of the heat pump 2. This provides the maximum area of ​​the evaporator 280a in this airflow configuration. In some cases, the evaporator 280a may be curved. A planar evaporator 280a may be located near or substantially along the central axis (or along the diameter) of the heat pump 2. The impeller 207 may be an axial fan configured to cause airflow from one side to the other.

[0193] The planar evaporator 280a is mounted perpendicular to the airflow direction. A suction header, distribution pipes, and tubing may be arranged in the compressor section 405, which is partitioned by a partition 281. The partition 281 may be formed by two parts to accommodate the end of the evaporator 280a, or it may have a slot to allow the evaporator end 282 to pass through. The heat pump base 470 may provide support to the evaporator 280a. The heat pump wall 205 may also provide support at the distal end of the evaporator 280a. The base 470 may be inclined slightly away from the evaporator 280a to facilitate the drainage of excess condensate or other water.

[0194] The evaporator section 404 forms a plenum surrounded by side walls 205, a base 470, and a top surface 221, thereby allowing the impeller 207 to draw air through the evaporator and push it out from the outlet of the heat pump. The evaporator section may be provided with an inner wall 410 configured to direct or improve this airflow. The inner wall 410 forms the periphery of the evaporator section 404.

[0195] Similar to top-exhaust heat pumps, various impeller types and impeller assembly types may be used, such as internal rotor AC, external rotor EC, brushless DC, and standard induction AC types. In some cases, the impeller 207 is a separate component mounted on the motor shaft. In other cases, the fan assembly is integrated and may be supported by an integrated flat grille or a basket-type grille. Side-exhaust heat pumps have a reduced volume compared to equivalent top-exhaust heat pumps. However, side exhaust minimizes the intrusion of unwanted materials into the fan-evaporator assembly when installed outdoors, such as snow.

[0196] Ducted type: In another variation, an impeller 207a is used to force more airflow through at least one duct. No more airflow passes through the side wall 205. Instead, the inlet passes through the side wall 205 or the top surface 221. As shown in Figures 21a and 21b, the inlet connects to the impeller section 404, from which air is drawn through the evaporator. The impeller 207 may also be a centrifugal fan that draws air from the inlet to the outlet. In some cases, the inlet and outlet may be located on the top surface 221 and / or the side wall 205. The evaporator 280a is planar and may be similar to a side-exhaust heat pump. The outlet is indicated on the top surface 221 of the heat pump and is on the opposite side of the evaporator as seen from the inlet. The airflow may also be reversed, entering through the top surface 221 and exiting through the side wall 205, or the airflow may enter and exit through the opposing sides of the side wall, and the impeller 207a may be positioned horizontally inside it.

[0197] This variant is adapted to connect to an installation duct. This variant is typically installed indoors, and the duct can be attached to the inlet or outlet of the top surface 223. The outer wall 205 is non-perforated and therefore impermeable to air and water. The inner wall 410 surrounds the impeller 207a and connects the impeller to the partition 281 and / or evaporator. The impeller 207a is typically centrifugal, but various impeller designs may be used, including types that are curved forward or backward. The impeller 207a may be housed in a volute 411, which may be separate from or integrated with the inner wall 410. A motor 217 is incorporated to drive the impeller 207a. The motor may be integrated with the impeller (typically AC or EC type is used) or separate from the impeller. If the fan motor is separate from the impeller, the fan motor may be mounted in the base, casing, or volute or within the inner wall 410. The inlet and / or outlet may have ducts, or the inlet duct or outlet duct may be made compatible with duct attachment.

[0198] Other variations of the airflow are also possible, for example, variations of a ducted airflow option that allows duct entry / inlet at the side or top, and variations of a side exhaust with different evaporator and / or inner wall configurations that direct the airflow in a different direction than shown.

[0199] Alternative Fluids: Instead of air, alternative fluids may be used as heat sources. In some cases, fluids such as water, glycol, and alcohol may be used as heat sources. The water used as a heat source may form a heat source that enters the heat pump 2 and circulates through the refrigerant flow path. The pump and / or evaporator and / or heat exchanger may be modified to accommodate the alternative water. Heat sources include, but are not limited to, hot water circulating heating / cooling systems and fan coil units. The net cooling effect may be used or discarded depending on the user's needs.

[0200] In some cases, power is supplied to the control unit 312 at screw terminals clearly marked on the lower element mounting base. However, power may be supplied elsewhere in the storage unit 3, or separate power may be supplied to the heat pump 2. The electrical harness 350 (formed by 444, 445) forms the electrical connection from the control unit 312 to the upper surface 310 of the storage unit 3. Typically, one harness 45 is used for the commercial power supply voltage (power), and the other 44 is used for the low voltage (12 / 3.3V) or control. Alternatively, all power and control or communication may be combined into a single harness. A single harness may be designed to operate at the commercial power supply voltage. The control unit may be designed to operate at the commercial power supply voltage for both communication and power.

[0201] When a modular system is used, it is advantageous to ensure that the heat pump and the electric heating element do not operate independently or simultaneously. A switch, such as a relay, may be provided. The relay may have a default closed state. The relay may be integrated with the storage unit control unit 312. The relay may be configured to always prioritize ensuring that hot water is supplied to the end user, regardless of whether the heat pump 2 is attached to the storage unit 3.

[0202] Figure 23a shows an electrical circuit diagram of a hot water system with relay 900. Relay 900 is located between the power connection 445 and the heating element control unit 312. As shown, relay 900 disconnects the phase connection to the control unit 312. Relay switch 930 is controlled by a signal from the electrical control connection 444. As shown, when switch 930 is closed, it allows power to be supplied to the heating element. However, when the heat pump is started, the heat pump control unit 253 is configured to send a control signal to open relay 900, i.e., move it to the control line. This prevents double operation of the heat pump and heating element unless specifically required.

[0203] In some cases, a relay or further input to the control system, such as a thermostat to determine whether the temperature is too low for the heat pump to operate, may be used. Thus, the relay 900 allows the electrical connection of the heat pump (i.e., via the connections 901 and 902) to automatically allow control of the heating element in the tank 451. Possible temperatures include an upper tank temperature limit 905 and a lower tank temperature limit 904, which can be communicated with the heat pump control unit 253 as shown in the figure.

[0204] A second switch, such as a relay 940, may be included in the heat pump control unit 253. When the control unit 253 decides to operate the heating element 311 (i.e., when the temperature is too low for efficient operation, or when the ambient temperature falls below a predetermined threshold), the control unit 253 can return power from the heat pump to the storage unit to allow the heating element to operate (i.e., connect wiring 3 and 2 of the electrical connection unit 445). This allows the heat pump control unit 253 to measure the total current and / or power consumption of both the heat pump and the heating element. This also allows the heat pump to grant permission to operate the heating element, for example, during the defrost cycle of the heat pump. This measurement of current and / or power may be used to determine or modify the operation of the heat pump 2 and / or heating element. Although described as a relay, other switches or circuit configurations that are normally closed but open (or prevent the use of an electrical element) may be used as alternatives. The determination of current and / or power may be made by monitoring the power consumed via the heat pump control unit 253 by the element control unit 312. The heat pump control unit 253 may monitor the power consumption signal from the element control unit and confirm the expected operation, for example, by determining one or more thresholds that indicate various operating states of the heating element. Similarly, the element control unit may detect low power consumption or energy consumption of the heat pump, for example via a relay 900, and permit the operation of the heating element.

[0205] In some cases, the heat pump 2 and storage unit 3 may be configured to ensure that only one heating system (i.e., the heat pump or heating element) is operational at a time. This prevents the water from being overheated and / or avoids duplication between the control unit 312 of the storage unit 3 and the control unit 253 of the heat pump 2. A switch may be used to control or limit the operation of the heating element 311 when the heat pump is not connected. For example, the switch may be located on top of the storage unit 3 so that it operates only when the heat pump is installed.

[0206] Figure 23b shows an integrated version of the present invention (i.e., a combination of the storage unit and the heat pump). In this case, the storage unit 3 is not designed to operate when the heat pump 2 is not connected, so the relay 900, which is normally closed, is not required. In this embodiment, since the heat pump 2 is always present, a second relay 940 can be used to ensure that power is transmitted to the element as needed. Alternatively, relay 900 may be present, for example, to allow for refurbishment at the end of its service life.

[0207] While specific embodiments and examples are disclosed herein, the subject matter of the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or uses, as well as their modifications and equivalents. Therefore, the scope of the claims or embodiments appended herein is not limited by any specific embodiment described herein. For example, in any method or process disclosed herein, the actions or operations of the method or process can be performed in any suitable order and are not necessarily limited to the specific order disclosed. Various operations may be described sequentially as multiple separate operations in a manner that may be useful for understanding a particular embodiment, but the order of description should not be interpreted as meaning that these operations are order-dependent. Furthermore, some structures described herein may be embodied as integrated components or as separate components. For the purpose of comparing various embodiments, specific aspects and advantages of these embodiments are described. Not all such aspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Therefore, for example, various embodiments may be implemented in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or set of advantages taught herein without necessarily achieving other aspects or advantages that may be taught or suggested herein.

[0208] It should be emphasized that many variations and modifications are possible to the embodiments described herein, and the elements of these embodiments are understood to be just one of many other acceptable examples. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims. Furthermore, nothing in the foregoing disclosure implies that any particular component, characteristic, or process step is essential or indispensable.

Claims

1. It is a hot water system, Storage section (3), A tank (451) having at least two water connectors (321, 323) and configured to hold water, The aforementioned tank (451) is substantially surrounded by an insulating housing (303), Electrical element (311), An element control unit (312) configured to control the operation of the electrical element (311), The storage unit (3) comprises a heat pump mounting base located on the upper surface (310) of the storage unit (3), Heat pump (2), A heat exchanger (270) configured to transfer heat between a refrigerant and water, A water channel, Water inlet (274), Water outlet (275), The water channel comprises a water pump (261) configured to circulate water between the water inlet (274), the heat exchanger (270), and the water outlet (275), A refrigerant flow path, Compressor (290), Expansion valve (262), The system includes an evaporator (280) and The refrigerant flow path is configured to heat the refrigerant and transfer the heated refrigerant to the heat exchanger (270), A mounting section configured to reversibly attach the heat pump to the heat pump mounting base of the storage section (3), A heat pump (2) comprising the water pipes (211, 212) and water lines (211, 212) configured to extend between the at least two water connectors (321, 323) and the inlet and outlet of the water flow path of the heat pump, wherein each of the water lines (211, 212) is equipped with a reversibly connectable connector (213), A hot water system comprising an element control unit (312) and an operation management system configured to allow or prevent the operation of the electrical element (311).

2. A hot water system according to claim 1, The heat pump includes a heat pump control unit (253) configured to be electrically connected to the element control unit (312), A hot water system in which the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of the electrical element (311) when it receives an error signal indicating a malfunction of the heat pump (2).

3. A hot water system according to claim 1, The heat pump includes a heat pump control unit (253) configured to be electrically connected to the element control unit (312), A hot water system in which the operation management system is configured to permit the operation of the electrical element (311) when it receives an acceptance signal indicating that the operation of the heat pump (2) is permitted.

4. A hot water system according to claim 1, The storage unit (3) further includes a detection switch configured to detect whether the heat pump is properly mounted on the heat pump mounting base, A hot water system in which the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of the electrical element (311) when it is detected that the heat pump (2) is not properly mounted on the heat pump mounting base.

5. A hot water system according to claim 1, The heat pump includes a heat pump control unit (253) configured to be electrically connected to the element control unit (312) via a power supply cable (45). The heat pump receives commercial power via the element control unit (312), The hot water system is configured such that the operation management system allows the operation of the electrical element (311) when the element control unit (312) detects that the power consumption of the heat pump is below a threshold.

6. A hot water system according to claim 1, The heat pump is equipped with an ambient temperature sensor configured to detect ambient temperature. The hot water system is configured such that the operation management system allows the operation of the electrical element (311) when the ambient temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is below a threshold.

7. A hot water system according to claim 1, The heat pump is configured to operate a defrost cycle to melt the frost accumulated on the evaporator. A hot water system in which the operation management system is configured to allow the operation of the electrical element (311) when the heat pump operates the defrost cycle.

8. A control system for a hot water system comprising a heat pump having a control unit and a storage unit having a heating element, wherein the control system is It includes a relay that is operably controlled by the heat pump control unit and connected to the heating element control unit, A control system in which the heat pump control unit is configured to activate the relay to prevent the heating element control unit from operating when it is electrically connected.

9. A control system for a hot water system according to claim 8, The aforementioned relay is normally closed. The heat pump control unit is configured to open the relay when the heat pump is electrically connected, and is a control system.

10. A control system for a hot water system according to claim 8 or 9, The relay is a control system that automatically opens when it does not receive a signal from the heat pump control unit.

11. A control system for a hot water system according to any one of claims 8 to 10, The relay is connected between the power line and the heating element control unit, forming a control system.

12. A control system for a hot water system according to any one of claims 8 to 11, It is equipped with a second relay, The second relay is configured to allow power to flow from the heat pump to the heating element control unit, The second relay is a control system controlled by the heat pump control unit.

13. A control system for a hot water system according to claim 12, The heat pump control unit is configured to monitor the flow of power to the heating element control unit, and is part of a control system.

14. A control system for a hot water system according to claim 12 or 13, A control system wherein the heat pump control unit is configured to activate the heating element control unit in defrost mode and / or when the ambient temperature falls below a threshold.

15. A control system for a hot water system according to claim 14, A control system comprising a temperature sensor that provides a measurement of the ambient temperature to the heat pump control unit.

16. A control system for a hot water system according to any one of claims 8 to 15, The control system is configured to allow only the heat pump and / or the heating element to operate at any given time.

17. A control system for a hot water system according to any one of claims 8 to 15, The aforementioned heating element control unit is a control system equipped with a thermostat.

18. A method for controlling a hot water system comprising a heat pump and a storage unit equipped with a heating element, The heating element is connected to receive power via a relay that is normally closed. The aforementioned method, The steps include: opening the relay based on an ON signal from the heat pump; The system includes the step of closing the relay based on the absence of a signal from the heat pump, The ON signal is activated when the heat pump receives power, in a manner that enables the ON signal.

19. The method according to claim 18, The heating element is an electric immersion heater, in this method.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, The system includes an alternative power source for the heating element via the heat pump, The method comprises the steps of supplying power to the heating element via the heat pump and monitoring the supplied power.

21. The method according to claim 20, The method comprises the steps of comparing a measured temperature with a threshold temperature and supplying power to the heating element when the temperature falls below the threshold temperature.

22. The method according to claim 21, The measured temperature is the ambient temperature, according to the method.

23. A method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, A method in which the heat pump and the heating element cannot operate simultaneously.

Images