Glass composition having low iron and low redox

Abstract

A glass composition comprising 65-75% by weight of SiO2, 10-20% by weight of Na2O, 5-15% by weight of CaO, 0-5% by weight of MgO, 0-5% by weight of Al2O3, 0-5% by weight of K2O, more than 0 to a maximum of 0.03% by weight of total iron (Fe2O3), and more than 0 to a maximum of 0.003% by weight of FeO.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Utility Application No. 18 / 660,477 filed on 10 May 2024 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 505,733 filed on 2 June 2023, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] This disclosure relates to a glass composition, a glass substrate formed from the glass composition, a vehicle equipped with the glass substrate, and a method for operating an autonomous vehicle in a system equipped with the glass composition. [Background technology]

[0003] Transparent materials are incorporated into vehicles to allow the user inside to see outside and to allow light to enter the vehicle's interior. Therefore, the visible light transmittance of the transparent material is often a design consideration when developing transparent materials for use in vehicles. However, with the increasing prevalence of vehicles that use sensors to sense their environment, such as autonomous vehicles, the transmittance of specific wavelengths outside the visible spectrum is becoming increasingly important. For example, certain radiation sources and radiation sensors can emit and / or detect radiation in the infrared region of a specific band, and these sensors can be placed behind transparent materials so that the emitted and / or detected radiation can enter the transparent material. Therefore, high transmittance of these selected wavelengths can also be a design consideration when developing transparent materials for use in vehicles. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 4,466,562 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 4,671,155 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent No. 5,792,559 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Patent No. 10,345,499 [Patent Document 5] U.S. Patent No. 10,358,384 [Patent Document 6] U.S. Patent No. 10,539,726 [Patent Document 7] U.S. Patent No. 10,703,673 [Patent Document 8] U.S. Patent No. 11,078,718 [Patent Document 9] U.S. Patent No. 11,267,752 [Patent Document 10] U.S. Patent No. 11,402,557 [Patent Document 11] U.S. Patent No. 4,379,040 ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​U.S. Patent No. 5,240,886 [Patent Document 25] U.S. No. 5,385,872 [Patent Document 26] U.S. Patent No. 5,393,593 [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to some non-limiting aspects of this disclosure, the glass composition comprises 65-75% by weight of SiO2, 10-20% by weight of Na2O, 5-15% by weight of CaO, 0-5% by weight of MgO, 0-5% by weight of Al2O3, 0-5% by weight of K2O, greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.030% by weight of total iron (Fe2O3), and greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.003% by weight of FeO.

[0006] In some non-limiting embodiments, the glass composition may contain 0.002 to 0.025 wt% total iron. The glass composition may contain less than 1 wt% total colorant, which may include iron-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds, and chromium-containing compounds. The glass composition may have a redox ratio (FeO / Fe2O3) of up to 0.35. The glass composition may contain 0.0001 to 0.0075 wt% Cr2O3 and / or 0.0005 to 0.2 wt% MnO2. The glass composition may contain 0.0001 to 0.0075 wt% Cr2O3 and 0.0005 to 0.2 wt% MnO2. The glass composition may form colorless glass. The glass composition may contain at least 85 L * Value, a between -2.5 and +5.0 * The value, and b from -1.0 to +5.0 * Glass having a value can be formed. A glass substrate formed from the glass composition can have a transmittance of at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm. A glass substrate formed from the glass composition can have at least 85% T using CIE (International Commission on Illumination) standard illuminant A. VisIt can have. The glass substrate formed from the glass composition has at least 85% of T as defined by ISO 13837 IR It can have. The glass substrate formed from the glass composition has at least 0.9 of T Vis / T IR determined using CIE Standard Illuminant A, and T Vis and T as defined by ISO 13837 IR It can have. The glass composition may substantially not contain a vanadium-containing compound. The glass composition can contain 0.15 to 0.40% by weight of SO3.

[0007] According to some non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure, the glass substrate is formed from the glass composition described herein. At least a part of the glass substrate may not have a coating layer.

[0008] According to some non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure, a vehicle can include a glass substrate formed from the glass composition described herein.

[0009] In some non-limiting embodiments, the glass substrate may include a first glass panel having a No. 1 surface and an opposite No. 2 surface, a second glass panel having a No. 4 surface and an opposite No. 3 surface, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first glass panel and the second glass panel, the intermediate layer in contact with the No. 2 and No. 3 surfaces. The intermediate layer may be made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The glass substrate may at least partially surround an infrared radiation source arranged to emit near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm through the glass substrate. The vehicle may further include an infrared radiation detector arranged to detect reflected near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm, wherein the reflected near-infrared radiation includes at least a portion of the near-infrared radiation emitted by the infrared radiation source. The glass substrate may have a transmittance of at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm. The glass substrate may include a windshield.

[0010] According to some non-limiting aspects of this disclosure, a method for operating an autonomous vehicle includes emitting near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm from an infrared radiation source mounted on the vehicle, wherein the emitted near-infrared radiation is transmitted through a glass substrate in the vehicle formed from the glass composition described in claim 1, and detecting the near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm reflected from an object by an infrared radiation detector mounted on the vehicle, wherein the reflected near-infrared radiation comprises at least a portion of the near-infrared radiation emitted by the infrared radiation source.

[0011] In some non-limiting embodiments, the glass substrate may have a transmittance of at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm. The method may further include determining at least one condition around the vehicle based on detected near-infrared radiation using at least one processor. The method may further include modifying at least one operation of the vehicle based on the determined at least one condition using at least one processor.

[0012] This disclosure is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference numbers are used throughout to identify similar parts. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] These are side views (not to scale) of glass substrates (multiply) formed from glass compositions according to some aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] This is a side view (not to scale) of a glass substrate (monolithic) formed from a glass composition according to some aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This is a top view (not to scale) of a glass substrate having coated and uncoated areas, formed from a glass composition, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] These are schematic diagrams (not to scale) of a detection system according to some aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 5] These are schematic diagrams (not to scale) of a detection system according to some aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 6] These are schematic diagrams (not to scale) of control systems according to some aspects of this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Where used herein, terms indicating space or direction, such as “left,” “right,” “inside,” “outside,” “up,” and “down,” relate to this disclosure as they are shown in the drawings. However, it should be understood that this disclosure may assume various alternative orientations, and therefore such terms should not be considered limiting. Furthermore, where used herein, all numbers representing dimensions, physical properties, processing parameters, component amounts, reaction conditions, etc., used herein and in the claims should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “approximately.” Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical values ​​described in the following specification and claims may vary depending on the desired properties to be obtained by this disclosure. At the very least, rather than attempting to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the claims, each numerical value should be interpreted by applying ordinary rounding techniques in light of at least the reported significant figures. Furthermore, it should be understood that all ranges disclosed herein encompass the start and end values ​​of the range and any subranges included within the range. For example, the stated range "1 to 10" should be considered to include all subranges between the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10 (as well as 1 and 10), i.e., all subranges that start at or above the minimum value of 1 and end at or below the maximum value of 10, such as 1 to 3.3, 4.7 to 7.5, 5.5 to 10, etc. "A (a)" or "an (an)" refers to one or more.

[0015] Any reference to composition amounts, unless otherwise specified, is a “weight percentage” based on the total weight of the final glass composition. The “total iron” content of the glass compositions disclosed herein is expressed as Fe2O3, regardless of the form in which it actually exists, according to standard analytical practices. Similarly, the amount of iron in the ferrous state is reported as FeO, even if it is not actually present in the glass as FeO. The terms “redox,” “redox ratio,” or “iron redox ratio” mean the amount of iron in the ferrous state (expressed as FeO) divided by the amount of iron in the total state (expressed as Fe2O3, including amounts of iron in the ferrous and ferric states).

[0016] Iron exists in two different oxidation states in glass, namely, Fe 2+ It is as ferrous oxide (FeO), and Fe 3+ It can exist as ferric oxide (Fe2O3). Each ion gives off different properties. The ferrous ion has a broad and strong absorption band centered at 1050 nm, which reduces infrared radiation. In addition, this absorption band extends into the visible region, reducing light transmittance and giving the glass a bluish tint. The ferric ion has a strong absorption band located in the ultraviolet region, which avoids transmission through the glass, and in addition, it has two weaker bands located between 420 and 440 nm in the visible region, resulting in a slight decrease in light transmittance and a yellowish tint to the glass.

[0017] The balance between ferrous oxide and ferric oxide directly affects the color and transmittance properties of the glass.

number

[0018] The term "iron redox ratio" refers to the amount of ferrous iron (represented as FeO) divided by the total amount of iron (represented as Fe2O3).

[0019] Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “formed on,” “deposited on,” “placed on,” or “provided on” mean that they are formed on, deposited on, placed on, or provided on a surface, but not necessarily in contact with the surface. For example, a coating layer “placed on” a substrate does not preclude the presence of one or more other coating layers or films of the same or different composition located between the formed coating layer and the substrate.

[0020] Furthermore, all documents, including but not limited to issued patents and patent applications, referred to herein shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0021] This disclosure relates to a glass composition comprising 65-75% by weight of SiO2, 10-20% by weight of Na2O, 5-15% by weight of CaO, 0-5% by weight of MgO, 0-5% by weight of Al2O3, 0-5% by weight of K2O, greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.030% by weight of total iron (Fe2O3), and greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.003% by weight of FeO.

[0022] Suitable glass materials formed from glass compositions include conventional soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, or lead glass. The glass may be clear glass. "Clear glass" means uncolored or colorless glass. The glass may be annealed or heat-treated glass. As used herein, "heat-treated" means tempered or at least partially tempered. The glass may be any type, such as conventional float glass, and may be any composition having any optical properties, e.g., any values ​​of visible light transmittance, ultraviolet light transmittance, infrared light transmittance, and / or total solar energy transmittance. "Float glass" means glass formed by a conventional float process, in which molten glass is deposited on a molten metal bath and controlledly cooled to form a float glass ribbon. Examples of float glass processes are disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,466,562 and 4,671,155.

[0023] Table 1 lists the main components and their respective weight percentage ranges for non-limiting examples of glass compositions prepared in accordance with this disclosure. [Table 1]

[0024] Iron may not be intentionally added to the glass composition, but it may also be present in the glass composition as ferrous iron, ferric iron, or a combination of ferrous iron and ferric iron.

[0025] The glass composition may contain ferrous iron (FeO) in amounts greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.003% by weight, for example, greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.0025% by weight, greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.002% by weight, greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.0015% by weight, or greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.001% by weight.

[0026] The glass composition may contain some amount of total iron (Fe2O3) in amounts greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.030% by weight, for example, 0.002 to 0.025% by weight, 0.002 to 0.02% by weight, 0.002 to 0.015% by weight, 0.002 to 0.01% by weight, or 0.006 to 0.025% by weight.

[0027] The glass composition may contain a redox ratio (FeO / Fe2O3) of up to 0.35, for example, up to 0.30, up to 0.25, up to 0.20, or up to 0.10.

[0028] The glass composition may contain up to 0.40% by weight of SO3, for example, up to 0.38% by weight, up to 0.35% by weight, or up to 0.03% by weight. The glass composition may contain 0.15 to 0.40% by weight of SO3, for example, 0.15 to 0.38% by weight, 0.15 to 0.35% by weight, 0.15 to 0.30% by weight, or 0.20 to 0.38% by weight.

[0029] Table 2 lists, for non-limiting examples of glass compositions prepared in accordance with this disclosure, the iron content and its respective weight percentage range, as well as the redox ratio. Table 2 also lists, for non-limiting examples of glass compositions prepared in accordance with this disclosure, SO3 and its weight percentage. [Table 2]

[0030] The glass composition may further contain oxidizing components that can oxidize ferrous and / or ferric in the glass composition. Non-limiting examples of oxidizing components include chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) and manganese dioxide (MnO2). The glass composition may contain Cr2O3, MnO2, or both Cr2O3 and MnO2.

[0031] If Cr2O3 is present, the glass composition may contain 0.0001 to 0.0075% by weight of Cr2O3, for example, 0.0001 to 0.007% by weight, 0.0001 to 0.005% by weight, or 0.0003 to 0.007% by weight of Cr2O3.

[0032] If MnO2 is present, the glass composition may contain 0.0005 to 0.20 wt% of MnO2, for example, 0.0005 to 0.10 wt%, 0.0005 to 0.08 wt%, or 0.0009 to 0.15 wt% of MnO2. In some non-limiting embodiments, MnO2 may be present in the glass composition in amounts up to 0.2 wt%, for example, up to 0.1 wt%, up to 0.08 wt%, or up to 0.05 wt%.

[0033] If both Cr2O3 and MnO2 are present in the glass composition, they may be present in the amounts described above.

[0034] It should be noted that the weight percentage of the metal oxide component is based on the total weight of the metal oxide compound (and not solely on the weight of the metal in the metal oxide compound).

[0035] Table 3 lists non-limiting examples of glass compositions prepared in accordance with this disclosure, including the oxidizing components and their respective weight percentage ranges. [Table 3]

[0036] Fe2O3 (including FeO), Cr2O3, and MnO2 disclosed herein can also be considered as colorants. The total amount of these colorants in the glass composition may be less than 1.0% by weight, for example, a maximum of 0.15% by weight or a maximum of 0.10% by weight. The total amount of these colorants in the glass composition may range from 0.005% to 1.0% by weight, for example, 0.005% to 0.2% by weight, 0.008% to 1.0% by weight, 0.008% to 0.2% by weight, 0.008% to 0.18% by weight, 0.008% to 0.15% by weight, or 0.008% to 0.10% by weight.

[0037] Table 4 lists non-limiting examples of glass compositions prepared in accordance with this disclosure, including the following colorants, namely Fe2O3 (including FeO), Cr2O3, and MnO2, as well as their weight percentage ranges. [Table 4]

[0038] The glass composition may be substantially free of vanadium-containing compounds. The glass composition may be substantially free of cobalt-containing compounds. The glass composition may be substantially free of copper-containing compounds. The glass composition may be substantially free of selenium-containing compounds. The glass composition may be substantially free of rare earth element-containing compounds (e.g., CeO2, Er2O3, etc.). A glass composition substantially free of compounds may mean that the compound is not intentionally added to the glass composition and is present only in incidental amounts of up to 0.005 ppm. The glass composition may not be completely free of each of these compounds and therefore may contain 0% by weight of each of these compounds.

[0039] The glass composition may optionally contain titania (TiO2). The amount of titania in the glass composition may depend on the sand used to form the glass composition, since titania may be an impurity in the sand introduced into the glass composition. Additionally or alternatively, the amount of titania may be intentionally added so as to be within a predetermined range. If present, the amount of titania in the glass composition may be a maximum of 0.06% by weight, for example, a maximum of 0.025% by weight, a maximum of 0.02% by weight, a maximum of 0.015% by weight, or a maximum of 0.01% by weight. If present, the amount of titania in the glass composition may range from 0.005 to 0.06% by weight, for example, 0.005 to 0.025% by weight, 0.005 to 0.02% by weight, or 0.005 to 0.01% by weight.

[0040] The glass compositions described herein can be formed to form glass substrates. The glass compositions of this disclosure can be melted and refined in continuous, large-scale commercial glass melting operations and can be formed into flat glass plates of various thicknesses by a float method, in which the molten glass, when it takes on a ribbon shape, is supported on a pool of molten metal, usually tin, and cooled in a manner well known in the art to form a glass substrate. It will be understood that alternative methods for forming glass substrates from glass compositions are also within the scope of this disclosure.

[0041] In the case of a glass substrate formed from a glass composition described herein, which contains a low amount of colorant, the glass composition can form colorless glass. Colorless glass has the following CIE color characteristics, namely: At least 85, for example, at least 90, or at least 95 L * value, -2.5 to +5.0, for example, a from -1.0 to +3.0 * Value, and -1.0 to +5.0, for example, b from 0 to +5.0 * value It can have.

[0042] Color (for example, L) * a * , b * The color and spectral (e.g., transmittance) properties are based on a standard glass thickness of 3.85 mm. Furthermore, the color and spectral properties reported herein belong to uncoated glass substrates.

[0043] L * a * and b * The glass color is generally calculated from tristimulus values ​​(X, Y, Z) in a system called the CIELAB color system, and the characteristics of lightness and hue are identified accordingly. Lightness, i.e., L * The value identifies the degree of lightness or darkness, indicates the lightness or darkness of a color, and represents the lightness plane to which the color belongs. Hue identifies colors such as red, yellow, green, and blue. The symbol "a * " is red (+a * ) Green (-a * ) Indicates the position of the axis color. Symbol "b" * " is yellow (+b * ) blue (-b * ) Indicates the position of the color on the axis. It should be understood that the color can be characterized in any appropriate color system. L * value, a * value, and b * The values ​​are determined using a commercially available reference illuminant (D65) and a Lambda 1050 spectrophotometer from Perkin-Elmer Corporation. A detailed discussion of the color calculation is provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,792,559. The disclosures of U.S. Patent No. 5,792,559 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0044] A glass substrate formed from a glass composition may have the following spectral characteristics.

[0045] When measured using a Lambda 1050 spectrophotometer, the glass substrate may have a transmittance of at least 90%, for example, at least 90.3%, at least 90.5%, or at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm.

[0046] The glass substrate has a visible transmittance of at least 75%, for example, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90%, determined using conventional CIE illuminant A and a 2-degree observer angle T. Vis It can have.

[0047] The glass substrate has an infrared transmittance of at least 85%, for example, at least 90% or at least 91%, as defined by ISO 13837. IR It can have.

[0048] The glass substrate has a T of at least 0.8, for example, at least 0.9 or at least 1.0. Vis / T IR It can have T Vis and T IR This is stipulated as mentioned above.

[0049] Glass substrates having these color and spectral characteristics can be sufficiently transparent in the infrared region (or its sub-regions) so as not to interfere with radiation detectors and radiation sources that detect and emit radiation in the infrared region, while also being sufficiently transparent in the visible region for a user (e.g., a vehicle driver) to view through the glass.

[0050] At least a portion of the glass substrate may not have a coating. In some non-limiting embodiments, the glass substrate may be coated, and at least a portion of the applied coating may be removed such that a first portion of the glass is coated but a second portion of the glass is not. The uncoated area may be a region of the glass substrate configured to be incident on infrared radiation emitted or detected by a radiation source or radiation detector, as described herein.

[0051] The coating may include any glass coating known in the art, such as a sun-controlled coating that blocks (e.g., by reflection and / or fluorescence) at least a portion of the solar radiation incident on the coating to regulate the temperature of an environment surrounded by a glass substrate, such as the interior of a vehicle. As used herein, the term "sun-controlled coating" refers to a coating consisting of one or more layers or films that affect the solar properties of a coated glass substrate, such as the amount, shielding coefficient, emissivity, etc., of solar radiation, such as visible radiation, infrared radiation, or ultraviolet radiation, which is reflected from, absorbed by, or passed through the coated article. A sun-controlled coating can block, absorb, or filter selected portions of the solar spectrum, such as IR, UV, and / or the visible spectrum, or some portions thereof. Non-limiting examples of solar-controlled coatings are described, for example, in U.S. Patents 10,345,499, 10,358,384, 10,539,726, 10,703,673, 11,078,718, 11,267,752, and 11,402,557.

[0052] The coating can be deposited directly onto a glass substrate or another coating layer by any suitable method, including but not limited to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and / or physical vapor deposition (PVD). Examples of the CDV process include spray pyrolysis. Examples of the PDV process include electron beam deposition and vacuum sputtering (e.g., magnetron sputter vapor deposition (MSVD)). Other coating methods, including but not limited to sol-gel deposition, can also be used. In one non-limiting embodiment, the coating layer is deposited by MSVD. Examples of MSVD coating devices and methods are well understood by those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Patents 4,379,040, 4,861,669, 4,898,789, 4,898,790, 4,900,633, 4,920,006, 4,938,857, 5,328,768, and 5,492,750.

[0053] Alternatively, the entire glass substrate does not need to have a coating.

[0054] The glass substrate can have any desired dimensions, such as length, width, shape, or thickness. In some non-limiting embodiments where the substrate is a vehicle (e.g., automobile) transparent material, the glass substrate can have a thickness of 1 to 10 mm, for example 1 to 8 mm, for example 2 to 8 mm, for example 3 to 7 mm, for example 5 to 7 mm, for example 4 to 6 mm.

[0055] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the glass substrates of this disclosure can be components of transparent materials 100, 200. Transparent materials 100, 200 can be transparent materials in vehicles. The type of vehicle is not particularly limited and may include, for example, at least one of land vehicles, flying vehicles, spacecraft, watercraft, and underwater transport vehicles. The vehicle may be an automobile or an airplane. Transparent materials 100, 200 can be vehicle windows such as the front windshield or rear windshield of a vehicle, driver or passenger door windows, sunroofs or moonroofs. However, it should be understood that the transparent materials 100, 200 described herein are not limited to use with such vehicle transparent materials and can be implemented with transparent materials in any desired field, such as laminated or unlaminated residential and / or commercial windows, etc., for insulating glass units.

[0056] Referring to Figure 1, the transparent material 100 may include two plies (each containing glass), such as a first ply 102 and a second ply 104 as shown. However, the transparent material may also contain further plies, such as a three- or four-ply transparent material. Alternatively, the transparent material may have a single ply (see Figure 2).

[0057] In a wide range of applications, plies 102 and 104 may be made of the same or different materials. Each of the plies 102 and 104 may, for example, include clear float glass. Examples of glass suitable for the first ply 102 and / or the second ply 104 are described in U.S. Patents 4,746,347, 4,792,536, 5,030,593, 5,030,594, 5,240,886, 5,385,872, and 5,393,593.

[0058] The transparent material 100 in Figure 1 can be a transparent material 100 in a vehicle, such as a windshield. The transparent material 100 may include a first ply 102 having a first main surface 106 (No. 1 surface) and a second main surface 108 (No. 2 surface) on the opposite side. In the non-limiting embodiment shown, the first main surface 106 is an outer main surface facing outwards from the vehicle, i.e., facing the outdoor side of the vehicle structure, and the second main surface 108 faces inwards from the vehicle. The second ply 104 has an inner (third) main surface 110 (No. 3 surface) and an outer (fourth) main surface 112 (No. 4 surface). The fourth main surface 112 is a surface facing inwards from the vehicle. This numbering of the ply surfaces is consistent with conventional practice in vehicle technology.

[0059] The transparent material 100 can be attached to the body of a vehicle. Non-limiting examples of a vehicle body include the roof of a car in the case of a sunroof, the door or frame of a car in the case of a car windshield or window, or the fuselage of an aircraft. The transparent material 100 can be attached to a mechanism that can open and close the transparent material 100, such as a car window or sunroof, as is widely known in vehicle technology.

[0060] Continuing to refer to Figure 1, an intermediate layer 114 may be positioned between the first ply 102 and the second ply 104, and the intermediate layer 114 may be in contact with the second main surface 108 and the third main surface 110. The first ply 102, the intermediate layer 114, and the second ply 104 can be connected in any suitable way, such as by bonding them together with adhesive or by fixing them together within a frame. The intermediate layer 114 can be made from any suitable material. In some non-limiting embodiments, the intermediate layer 114 may include polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The intermediate layer 114 may also include polyurethane.

[0061] Continuing to refer to Figure 1, the transparent material 100 may have a coating 116 on at least a portion of the surface of the ply. For example, the coating 116 may be on the third main surface 110, but it will be understood that the coating 116 may be applied additionally or alternatively to other plies / surfaces. For example, the coating 116 may be applied additionally or alternatively to the second main surface 108, for the reason that the second main surface 108 is also the main surface of the inner portion of the transparent material 100 (whereas the first main surface 106 and the fourth main surface 112 are the outer portions of the transparent material 100 facing the outdoor environment and the vehicle interior environment, respectively). For example, the coating 116 may be applied additionally or alternatively to the fourth main surface 112, in which case a protective coating layer (not shown) may be applied over the coating 116 to protect the coating 116 from the environment.

[0062] A coated surface (e.g., a third main surface 110) may have an uncoated area 118 that is not coated by the coating 116. The uncoated area 118 may have never been in contact with the coating 116 (e.g., coating by a masking process), or the coating 116 applied to the uncoated area 118 may be later removed to form the uncoated area 118. The uncoated area 118 may be a region of the transparent material 100 that can transmit radiation (e.g., infrared radiation) from a radiation source and / or detected by a radiation detector without reflecting and / or fluorescentizing the radiation to the same extent as the coating 116, which is designed to reflect and / or fluorescentize the radiation to a higher extent.

[0063] Referring to Figure 2, the transparent material 200 shown and described is the same as the transparent material 100 in Figure 1, except as described below. It will be understood that components in the drawings having the same last two digits in their reference number have the same or similar features, except as expressly described herein. For example, except as expressly described herein, the uncoated area 118 in Figure 1 has the same or similar features as the uncoated area 218 in Figure 2, because the last two digits of both element numbers are "18".

[0064] The transparent material 200 in Figure 2 differs from the transparent material 100 in Figure 1 in that the transparent material 200 does not include an intermediate layer 114, a second ply 104, a third main surface 110, or a fourth main surface 112 as described in Figure 1. The transparent material 200 includes a first ply 202 having a first main surface 106 (the outermost surface) and a second main surface 208 (the innermost surface), and therefore the transparent material 200 is a single ply (monolithic transparent material). The coated 216 and uncoated areas 218 can be located on the second main surface 208 (the innermost surface) in the same way that the coated 116 and uncoated areas 118 in Figure 1 are shown on the third main surface 110.

[0065] Referring to Figure 3, in some aspects of this disclosure, a transparent material 300 is shown that includes a coated area having a coating 316 and an uncoated area 318. In this non-limiting example, the transparent material 300 is a vehicle windshield, but it may be any other type of transparent material. Figure 3 shows the transparent material 300 from the outside (closest to the first main surface 306). Although the coating 316 and the uncoated area 318 are shown, for clarity the coating 316 may be applied over the first main surface 306, or additionally or alternatively over another surface of the transparent material 300 (e.g., the third main surface 110 in Figure 1 or the second main surface 208 in Figure 2), and the uncoated area 318 similarly refers to the uncoated area of ​​the coated surface. The outermost first main surface 306 may be uncoated and / or coated with a coating that does not substantially obstruct a predetermined wavelength(s) of infrared radiation (e.g., 905 nm, 1550 nm, or other pre-selected wavelengths), so that the outermost first main surface 306 does not reduce the transmittance at the predetermined wavelength(s) by more than 1%, such as 0%. The uncoated region 318 may have the same color and / or spectral properties as described above in relation to the glass substrate.

[0066] Although coating 316 is shown with shading for illustrative purposes, it will be understood that both coating 316 and the uncoated region 318 may appear clearly transparent and be indistinguishable or nearly indistinguishable to the naked eye, as both can be very transparent in the visible region while having various transmission properties in at least one region outside the visible spectrum (e.g., in the infrared region or part thereof).

[0067] The coating 316 can be a solar control coating to control the amount of solar radiation entering the vehicle and to prevent the interior of the vehicle from overheating. The area of ​​the uncoated region 318, which does not include the solar control coating, can be selected to be small enough to minimize the area that does not protect the interior of the vehicle from overheating, while being large enough not to obstruct the vehicle's radiation source 320 and radiation detector 322.

[0068] Continuing to refer to Figure 3, the radiation source 320 can be positioned in close proximity to the uncoated area 318 and positioned to emit radiation at a predetermined wavelength(s) through the uncoated area 318. The radiation source 320 can be positioned inside the vehicle, such as by being mounted on a rearview mirror. The radiation source 320 can emit radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm through the uncoated area 318. Non-limiting examples of predetermined wavelengths that can be emitted by the radiation source 320 include 905 nm, 1550 nm, or other wavelengths designated as standard wavelengths for use in autonomous vehicle navigation.

[0069] The radiation detector 322 can be positioned in close proximity to the uncoated area 318 and can be positioned to detect radiation at a predetermined wavelength(s) transmitted through the uncoated area 318. The radiation detector 322 can be positioned inside the vehicle, such as by being mounted on a rearview mirror. For example, the radiation detector 322 can detect radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm transmitted through the uncoated area 318. Non-limiting examples of predetermined wavelengths that can be detected by the radiation detector 322 may include 905 nm, 1550 nm, or other wavelengths designated as standard wavelengths for use in autonomous vehicle navigation. The radiation detector 322 can detect at least a portion of the radiation emitted by the radiation source 320 that is reflected off objects and returned to the vehicle (e.g., reflected radiation).

[0070] As shown in Figure 3, the radiation source 320 and / or radiation detector 322 may be at least partially surrounded by the glass substrate of the transparent material 300. For example, the radiation source 320 and / or radiation detector 322 may be located inside the vehicle, such as behind the vehicle's windshield, so that emitted radiation travels from inside the vehicle through the transparent material 300 to the outside of the vehicle, and detected radiation travels from outside the vehicle through the transparent material 300 to the inside of the vehicle. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, an uncoated area 318 may be located in part of the transparent material 300 adjacent to a rearview mirror (not shown) of the vehicle, and the radiation source 320 and / or radiation detector 322 may be mounted on the rearview mirror. However, other positional arrangements of the uncoated area 318, the radiation source 320, and / or radiation detector 322 are also intended within the scope of this disclosure.

[0071] Figure 4 shows a detection system 430 according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. The detection system 430 may include a first vehicle 432 as an automobile in this non-limiting example. The first vehicle 432 may have a transparent material 400 as its windshield, the transparent material 400 may be a glass substrate formed from the glass composition of the present disclosure. The first vehicle 432 may be equipped with a rearview mirror 433, and the portion of the transparent material 400 adjacent to the rearview mirror 433 may be uncoated (not shown). A radiation source 420 may be mounted on the rearview mirror 433. The radiation source 420 may emit radiation (emitted radiation 434) at a predetermined wavelength (multiple wavelengths) (e.g., infrared radiation) through the uncoated portion of the transparent material 400. The first vehicle 432 may be an autonomous vehicle.

[0072] Figure 5 shows a detection system 530 according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. The detection system 530 in Figure 5 is identical to the detection system in Figure 4, except as described below. The first vehicle 532 may include a radiation detector 522 mounted on a rearview mirror 533, which is configured to detect a predetermined radiation wavelength (e.g., infrared radiation) transmitted through an uncoated area (not shown) of a transparent material 500.

[0073] The detector system 530 may further include a second vehicle 536 as an object detected by the first vehicle 532. The radiation source 520 may emit emitted radiation 534 directed towards the second vehicle 536 through the transparent material 500. At least a portion of the emitted radiation 534 may be reflected back to the second vehicle 536 as reflected radiation 538. At least a portion of the reflected radiation 538 may pass through the transparent material 500 of the first vehicle 532 and be detected by the radiation detector 522. Based on the reflected radiation 538 detected by the radiation detector 522, the first vehicle 532 may change at least one of the operations of the first vehicle 532 as described herein.

[0074] In Figure 5, the emitted radiation 534 is reflected by the second vehicle 536, but it will be understood that the second vehicle 536 may instead be any object in the path of the first vehicle 532, such as a pedestrian, other forms of transport (e.g., bicycle, scooter, skateboard, etc.), signs, traffic control objects (e.g., fence, speed bump, traffic cone, etc.), wildlife, buildings or other structures, or any other object that obstructs the roadway or path of the first vehicle 532.

[0075] Figures 4 and 5 show the arrangement of various components involved in the detection of reflected radiation (e.g., the first vehicle 432 / 532, the radiation source 420 / 520, and the radiation detector 522). However, this arrangement of components is not limiting, and it will be understood that the components can be arranged relative to each other in different configurations that enable the first vehicle 432 / 532 to emit and detect radiation and change its operation, as described herein.

[0076] Referring to Figure 6, control systems 640 in several aspects of the present disclosure are shown. Control systems 640 can be used to operate autonomous vehicles such as the first vehicles 432 / 532 shown in Figures 4 and 5. As used herein, “autonomous vehicle” may mean a vehicle that senses its environment and is capable of performing at least one function without human intervention based on the sensed environment. For example, an autonomous vehicle may perform at least one of the following driving functions without human intervention: steering, braking, accelerating, shifting gears, etc. An autonomous vehicle may be “fully” autonomous in that it does not require a human driver for most or all of its driving functions, or it may be “semi” autonomous in that it requires a human driver for certain situations or operations.

[0077] The control system 640 may include the radiation source 620 and radiation detector 622 as described above. The control system 640 may also include a vehicle control processor (VCP) 644, a braking system 646, an acceleration system 648, and / or a steering system 650. Each of these components may include at least one processor. Each of these components may be a separate computing component, or some of these components may be incorporated into the same computing component.

[0078] The radiation source 620 and / or radiation detector 622 can communicate with VCP 644. VCP 644 can communicate with braking system 646, acceleration system 648, and / or steering system 650. As used herein, the terms “communicate” and “communicate” can mean receiving, receiving, transmitting, transferring, supplying, and / or similar information (e.g., data, signals, messages, instructions, commands, and / or similar). When one unit (e.g., a device, a system, a component of a device or system, a combination thereof, and / or similar) communicates with another unit, it means that one unit can receive information from and / or send information to the other unit, directly or indirectly. This can mean direct or indirect connections, which are, in effect, wired and / or wireless. Furthermore, two units can communicate with each other, even if the transmitted information can be modified, processed, relayed, and / or routed between the first unit and the second unit. For example, even if the first unit passively receives information and does not actively transmit information to the second unit, the first unit can communicate with the second unit. In another example, if at least one intermediate unit (e.g., a third unit located between the first and second units) processes the information received from the first unit and transmits the processed information to the second unit, the first unit can communicate with the second unit. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, a message can refer to a network packet containing data (e.g., a data packet and / or similar).

[0079] Continuing to refer to Figure 6, the radiation source 620 mounted on the autonomous vehicle can emit infrared radiation, which is transmitted through a glass substrate formed from a glass composition in the autonomous vehicle. The radiation source 620 can communicate data about the emitted radiation, such as the timing of radiation emission, the wavelength(s) of emission, and the timing of emission interruption, to the VCP 644. Figures 4 and 5 show non-limiting examples of radiation sources 620 (420 / 520 in Figures 4 and 5) in a vehicle that emits radiation.

[0080] A radiation detector 622 mounted on an autonomous vehicle can detect infrared radiation reflected from an object onto which emitted radiation was incident. The radiation detected by the radiation detector 622 may include at least a portion of the radiation emitted by the radiation source 620 (after the radiation has been reflected from the object onto which emitted radiation was incident). The radiation detector 622 can communicate data about the detected radiation to the VCP 644, such as the timing of radiation detection, the wavelength(s) of detection, the intensity of detection, and the timing of detection interruption. Figure 5 shows a non-limiting example of a radiation detector 622 (522 in Figure 5) that detects reflected radiation.

[0081] In response to receiving data from the radiation source 620 and / or the radiation detector 622, the VCP 644 can determine at least one condition around the vehicle. The at least one condition may be based on the radiation detected from the radiation detector 622. The at least one condition may include, for example, the speed and / or direction of the autonomous vehicle, the speed and / or direction of movement of objects in the autonomous vehicle's path, the distance between the autonomous vehicle and the objects in the autonomous vehicle's path, the shape of the objects in the autonomous vehicle's path, whether the current operation of the autonomous vehicle will result in a collision with or avoid a collision with an object in the autonomous vehicle's path, weather conditions and / or road conditions, etc.

[0082] Based on at least one determined condition, the VCP644 can modify at least one of the autonomous vehicle's actions. The VCP644 can automatically modify the autonomous vehicle's actions without requiring user-operator intervention. The VCP644 can modify the autonomous vehicle's actions to avoid collisions with objects in the autonomous vehicle's path. The VCP644 can modify the autonomous vehicle's actions by sending control signals to at least one of the braking system 646, the acceleration system 648, and the steering system 650.

[0083] For example, the VCP644 can send a control signal to the braking system 646 to automatically apply or release the brakes of the autonomous vehicle. The control signal may indicate the degree to which the brakes should be applied or released, the duration for which the brakes are applied or released, and so on.

[0084] For example, the VCP644 can send a control signal to the acceleration system 648 to automatically accelerate or decelerate the autonomous vehicle. The control signal may indicate the degree to which the accelerator should be accelerated or decelerated, the duration of the accelerator being accelerated or decelerated, and so on.

[0085] For example, the VCP644 can send control signals to the steering system 650 to automatically adjust the steering of the autonomous vehicle. The control signals can indicate the direction to steer (e.g., left or right), the degree to which the steering should be adjusted, and the duration of the adjustment to the steering.

[0086] While the control of the braking system 646, acceleration system 648, and steering system 650 by the VCP 644 has been described herein, it will be understood that the VCP 644 can send control signals to other components of the autonomous vehicle to control them based on data received from the radiation source 620 and / or radiation detector 622.

[0087] The following numbered sections are examples of various aspects of this disclosure.

[0088] Clause 1: 65-75 wt% SiO2, 10-20 wt% Na2O, 5-15 wt% CaO, 0-5 wt% MgO, 0-5 wt% Al2O3, 0-5 wt% K2O, over 0 to a maximum of 0.030 wt% total iron (Fe2O3), and over 0 to a maximum of 0.003 wt% FeO A glass composition containing the following:

[0089] Clause 2: The glass composition according to Clause 1, containing 0.002 to 0.025% by weight of total iron.

[0090] Clause 3: The glass composition according to Clause 1 or 2, wherein the glass composition contains less than 1% by weight of total colorants, and the total colorants include an iron-containing compound, a manganese-containing compound, and a chromium-containing compound.

[0091] Clause 4: A glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 3, comprising a redox ratio of up to 0.3 (FeO / Fe2O3).

[0092] Clause 5: A glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, comprising 0.0001 to 0.0075 wt% Cr2O3 and / or 0.0005 to 0.2 wt% MnO2.

[0093] Clause 6: A glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, comprising 0.0001 to 0.0075 wt% Cr2O3 and 0.0005 to 0.2 wt% MnO2.

[0094] Clause 7: A glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 6, wherein the glass composition forms a colorless glass.

[0095] Clause 8: The glass composition contains at least 85 L * Value, a between -2.5 and +5.0 * The value, and b from -1.0 to +5.0 * A glass composition according to any one of the clauses 1 to 7, which forms a glass having a value.

[0096] Clause 9: The glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 8, wherein the glass substrate formed from the glass composition has a transmittance of at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm.

[0097] Clause 10: A glass substrate formed from a glass composition shall have at least 85% T using CIE standard illuminant A. Vis A glass composition according to any one of the clauses 1 to 9, having the following characteristics.

[0098] Clause 11: A glass substrate formed from a glass composition shall have at least 85% T as defined by ISO 13837. IR A glass composition according to any one of the clauses 1 to 10, having the following characteristics.

[0099] Clause 12: A glass substrate formed from a glass composition has a T of at least 0.9 Vis / T IR , T determined using the CIE standard illuminant A Vis A glass composition according to any one of clauses 1 to 11, having a TIR as defined by ISO 13837.

[0100] Clause 13: A glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein the glass composition is substantially free of vanadium-containing compounds.

[0101] Clause 14: A glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 13, comprising 0.15 to 0.40% by weight of SO3.

[0102] Clause 15: A glass substrate formed from a glass composition as described in any one of Clauses 1 to 14, wherein at least a portion of the glass substrate is free from a coating layer.

[0103] Clause 16: A vehicle comprising a glass substrate formed from any one of the glass compositions described in Clauses 1 to 14.

[0104] Clause 17: The vehicle according to Clause 16, wherein the glass substrate comprises a first glass panel having a No. 1 surface and a No. 2 surface on the opposite side; a second glass panel having a No. 4 surface and a No. 3 surface on the opposite side; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first glass panel and the second glass panel, the intermediate layer being in contact with the No. 2 surface and the No. 3 surface.

[0105] Clause 18: A vehicle as described in Clause 17, wherein the intermediate layer contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

[0106] Clause 19: A vehicle according to any one of Clauses 16 to 18, wherein the glass substrate at least partially surrounds an infrared radiation source arranged to emit near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm through the glass substrate.

[0107] Clause 20: The vehicle according to Clause 19, further comprising an infrared radiation detector positioned to detect reflected near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm, wherein the reflected near-infrared radiation includes at least a portion of the near-infrared radiation emitted by an infrared radiation source.

[0108] Clause 21: A vehicle according to any one of Clauses 16 to 20, wherein the glass substrate has a transmittance of at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm.

[0109] Clause 22: A vehicle as described in any one of Clauses 16 to 21, in which the glass substrate includes a windshield.

[0110] Clause 23: A method for operating an autonomous vehicle, the method comprising: emitting near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm from an infrared radiation source mounted on the vehicle, wherein the emitted near-infrared radiation is transmitted through a glass substrate in the vehicle formed from a glass composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 14; and detecting near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm reflected from an object by an infrared radiation detector mounted on the vehicle, wherein the reflected near-infrared radiation comprises at least a portion of the near-infrared radiation emitted by the infrared radiation source.

[0111] Clause 24: The method according to Clause 23, wherein the glass substrate has a transmittance of at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm.

[0112] Clause 25: The method according to Clause 23 or 24, further comprising determining at least one condition around the vehicle based on detected near-infrared radiation using at least one processor.

[0113] Clause 26: The method of Clause 25, further comprising modifying at least one operation of a vehicle based on at least one determined situation by at least one processor.

[0114] "Examples" Examples 1-27 glass composition Examples 1-27 were prepared to have the compositions shown in Tables 5A-5C below. The glass compositions further comprise soda-lime glass compositions, which are the main components within the ranges presented in Table 1. Tables 5A-5C further report the color and spectral properties of glass substrates formed from the glass compositions. Examples 3-10 are examples of float glass. The remaining examples were prepared in an electric furnace. All glass samples were prepared to a thickness of 3.85 mm. [Table 5A] [Table 5B] [Table 5C]

[0115] Examples 1 to 27, glass substrates formed from low-iron, low-redox glass compositions, exhibit good color and spectral characteristics and are suitable for use in glass substrates where high infrared transmittance is desired, such as in autonomous vehicles equipped with infrared sources and / or infrared detectors.

[0116] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that modifications to the invention can be made without departing from the concepts disclosed in the above description. Accordingly, the specific embodiments described in detail herein are merely illustrative and not limitations on the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be given to the maximum breadth of the appended claims and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. 65-75% by weight of SiO ２ , 10-20% by weight of Na ２ O, 5-15% by weight of CaO, 0-5% by weight of MgO, 0-5% by weight of Al ２ O ３ , 0-5% by weight of K ２ O, Total iron (Fe) is greater than 0% to a maximum of 0.030% by weight. ２ O ３ ), and FeO2 greater than 0 to a maximum of 0.003% by weight A glass composition containing the following:

2. The glass composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.002 to 0.025% by weight of total iron.

3. The glass composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass composition contains less than 1% by weight of a total colorant, and the total colorant comprises an iron-containing compound, a manganese-containing compound, and a chromium-containing compound.

4. A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a redox ratio (FeO / Fe) of at most 0.35 ２ O ３ ).

5. 0.0001 to 0.0075% by weight of Cr ２ O ３ and / or 0.0005 to 0.2% by weight of MnO ２ A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

6. 0.0001 to 0.0075% by weight of Cr ２ O ３ and 0.0005 to 0.2% by weight of MnO ２ A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:

7. The glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glass composition forms a colorless glass.

8. The glass composition is At least 85 L ＊ value, a from -2.5 to +5.0 ＊ Value, and b from -1.0 to +5.0 ＊ value A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which forms a glass having the following properties.

9. The glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the glass substrate formed from the glass composition has a transmittance of at least 91% at 905 nm and / or 1550 nm.

10. The glass substrate formed from the glass composition has at least 85% T using CIE standard illuminant A. Ｖｉｓ A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, having the following:

11. The glass substrate formed from the glass composition has at least 85% T as defined by ISO 13837. ＩＲ A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, having the following:

12. The glass substrate formed from the glass composition has a T of at least 0.9 Ｖｉｓ / T ＩＲ , T determined using the CIE standard illuminant A Ｖｉｓ , and T as defined by ISO 13837 ＩＲ A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, having the following:

13. The glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the glass composition substantially does not contain a vanadium-containing compound.

14. 0.15–0.40% by weight of SO ３ A glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising:

15. A glass substrate formed from a glass composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least a portion of the glass substrate does not have a coating layer.

16. A vehicle comprising a glass substrate formed from the glass composition described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

17. The glass substrate is A first glass panel having a No. 1 surface and a No. 2 surface on the opposite side, A second glass panel having a No. 4 surface and a No. 3 surface on the opposite side, An intermediate layer disposed between the first glass panel and the second glass panel, wherein the intermediate layer is in contact with the No. 2 surface and the No. 3 surface. The vehicle according to claim 16, including the vehicle described in claim 16.

18. A method for operating an autonomous vehicle, wherein the method is The invention involves emitting near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm from an infrared radiation source attached to the vehicle, wherein the emitted near-infrared radiation is transmitted through a glass substrate in the vehicle, which is formed from the glass composition described in any one of claims 1 to 14, and is in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm. The infrared radiation detector mounted on the vehicle detects near-infrared radiation in the range of 800 nm to 2500 nm reflected from an object. Includes, A method wherein the reflected near-infrared radiation includes at least a portion of the near-infrared radiation emitted by the infrared radiation source.

19. A processor determines at least one condition around the vehicle based on the detected near-infrared radiation. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:

20. A processor modifies at least one operation of the vehicle based on the at least one condition determined by that at least one condition. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:

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