Production of chemical products associated with environmental attributes

Abstract

A method and system for producing a chemical product associated with at least one environmental attribute is disclosed. The environmental attribute may be associated with a vegetable oil and may be attributed to a chemical product produced using a vegetable oil.

Description

Technical Field

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[0001] Technical Field The present disclosure relates to a method and system for producing a chemical product associated with at least one environmental attribute. The environmental attribute can be associated with a vegetable oil and can be attributed to a chemical product produced using the vegetable oil.

Background Art

[0002] Background Art In the supply chain, the environmental impact of each supply chain participant is a major concern. Transparency among participants and flexible allocation of environmental impacts can help with the collective reduction of environmental impacts to address climate change. However, flexible allocation is hampered by the lack of a common data standard and a reliable data platform. Therefore, there is a need to enable flexible sharing of environmental attributes using a common data standard and widely enable flexible allocation of environmental attributes to chemical products.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0003] Summary of the Invention In one aspect, a method for producing a chemical product associated with at least one environmental attribute, wherein the chemical product is produced by chemical production using one or more vegetable oils as input materials, the method comprising: · receiving a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more of the vegetable oils at an address associated with a distributed ledger, the address being associated with an operating system of the chemical production; · producing the chemical product from at least partially one or more vegetable oils by chemical production; · providing a chemical product identifier associated with the chemical product and optionally at least one target environmental attribute; - Selecting at least one attribution rule to attribute a token linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to a chemical product, based on a chemical product identifier and optionally target environmental attributes. • Determine a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes through at least one attribution rule. - Assigning a determined unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes to a chemical product identifier. • Provide chemical products associated with token units. Methods including the following are disclosed.

[0004] In another embodiment, a system for producing a chemical product associated with at least one environmental attribute, A chemical production method configured to produce a chemical product using one or more vegetable oils as input materials, and to provide the produced chemical product, A distributed ledger application configured to receive units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more vegetable oils at an address associated with a distributed ledger, wherein the address is associated with a chemical production operating system, and the distributed ledger application is configured to receive such units at an address associated with a distributed ledger application, An attribution module configured to provide at least one attribution rule for attributing tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to chemical products, A data provider configured to provide at least one chemical product identifier associated with a chemical product and optionally at least one target environmental attribute for the chemical product, It is an outbound allocator, ...Select at least one attribution rule based on the chemical product identifier and optionally on the target environmental attributes, ...determining a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes through at least one attribution rule, ...assigning at least one unit of a token linked to one or more environmental attributes to a chemical product identifier. An outbound allocator configured to perform the following: A system including this will be disclosed.

[0005] In yet another embodiment, a digital operating system for chemical production, wherein chemical production produces chemical products using one or more vegetable oils as input materials, and this digital operating system, A distributed ledger application configured to receive units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more vegetable oils at an address associated with a distributed ledger, wherein the address is associated with a chemical production operating system, and the distributed ledger application is configured to receive such units at an address associated with a distributed ledger application, An attribution module configured to provide at least one attribution rule for attributing tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to chemical products, A data provider configured to provide at least one chemical product identifier associated with a chemical product and optionally at least one target environmental attribute for the chemical product, It is an outbound allocator, ...Select at least one attribution rule based on the chemical product identifier and optionally on the target environmental attributes, ...determining a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes through at least one attribution rule, ...assigning at least one unit of a token linked to one or more environmental attributes to a chemical product identifier. An outbound allocator configured to perform the following: A digital operating system is disclosed, including [the specified term].

[0006] In yet another embodiment, when executed by a processor, the digital operating system disclosed herein - A step of receiving a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more vegetable oils at an address associated with a distributed ledger, the address being associated with a chemical production operating system, - A step of using one or more vegetable oils as input materials to provide a chemical product identifier associated with a chemical product produced by chemical production associated with a digital operating system and optionally at least one target environmental attribute, - A step of selecting at least one attribution rule to assign tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to a chemical product, based on a chemical product identifier and optionally target environmental attributes. - A step of determining a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes via at least one attribution rule, - A step of assigning a determined unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes to a chemical product identifier. • A step of providing chemical products associated with the token unit. A computer element having instructions for performing such an action is disclosed, particularly a computer program product or a computer-readable medium.

[0007] In yet another embodiment, a use is disclosed for producing at least one individual product or at least one end product in a product supply chain of a chemical product associated with one or more environmental attributes, provided by any of the methods disclosed herein and / or produced by a system disclosed herein, wherein the at least one individual product or at least one end product is associated with one or more environmental attributes.

[0008] In yet another embodiment, a method is disclosed for producing at least one individual product or at least one final product of a product supply chain associated with one or more environmental attributes, provided by any of the methods disclosed herein and / or produced by a system disclosed herein, wherein the chemical product associated with one or more environmental attributes is provided and / or used for producing at least one individual product or at least one final product of a product supply chain associated with one or more environmental attributes.

[0009] Any disclosures, embodiments, and examples described herein relate to the methods, systems, chemical products, and computer components described above and below. Advantageously, any benefits derived from any one embodiment and example also apply to all other embodiments and examples.

[0010] Embodiment The methods, apparatus, systems, and computer elements disclosed herein provide efficient methods for flexibly assigning environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils to chemical products at least partially produced from such vegetable oils that have positive environmental impacts. By converting the environmental attributes of vegetable oils into units of tokens, such environmental attributes can be flexibly shared among chemical producers who require them, allowing the produced chemical products to be tailored to customer needs or to meet regulatory requirements. By using units of tokens to reflect environmental attributes, environmental attributes can be flexibly assigned to chemical products as required by customers and / or regulations, regardless of the environmental attributes associated with the vegetable oil used in the production of the chemical product, thus avoiding supply shortages caused by a lack of vegetable oil associated with the required environmental attributes. Thus, by decoupling environmental attributes from the physical flow of vegetable oils in chemical production, it becomes possible to flexibly assign such attributes to products at least partially produced from such vegetable oils as needed, thus ensuring that chemical products can be tailored to customer needs with respect to their environmental impacts.

[0011] In addition, token units can be used to make environmental attributes associated with chemical products transparent to customers who further process those chemical products.

[0012] By using attribution rules, units of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils and shared among chemical producers can be efficiently assigned to chemical products. Particularly in chemical production networks producing two or more chemical products from two or more vegetable oils via interconnected, connected, and disconnected production chains, the use of attribution rules ensures that the attribution mechanism is aligned with the physical setup of the chemical production network. By providing chemical product identifiers associated with at least one target environmental attribute, it is even possible to adjust the number of environmental attributes assigned to a product, and consequently the number of tokens and associated units attached to the chemical product, to meet customer needs.

[0013] By using tokens and associated units linked to (or assigned, attributed, allocated, or attached to) chemical products, customers can easily select sustainable products (e.g., products with renewable, bio-based, sustainably sourced, and / or recycled content). Customers can use tokens and associated units to identify ways to make their value chains more sustainable. Tokens also provide a way for chemical production networks to accelerate the conversion of using sustainable raw materials as inputs and the production of chemical products that are at least partially based on sustainable materials. Particularly in chemical networks that produce two or more chemical products from two or more vegetable oils through interconnected, connected, and disconnected production chains, the use of tokens enables the attribution of environmental attributes in line with the physical setup of the chemical production network. The use of tokens can remove complexity from chemical production networks while still allowing the assignment of environmental impacts to chemical products. In this way, the environmental impact of the produced chemical products can be determined in line with the physical setup of the chemical production network. Furthermore, the environmental characteristics of chemical products produced in the chemical production network can be made transparent to customers who further process the chemical products. By providing tokens and associated units along with chemical product identifiers linked to at least one target environmental attribute, it is even possible to tailor environmental attributes to customer needs.

[0014] Tokens can be representations of the environmental attributes of physical assets such as vegetable oils and / or chemical products, can be exchanged among participants in a distributed ledger network, and can be recorded on a distributed ledger. Participants in the distributed ledger network can at least partially correspond to participants in a product ecosystem including chemical products. Tokens can be associated with units. The unit can specify a quantitative measure of the environmental attribute to which the token is linked, such as the amount of a sustainable origin inclusion in a chemical product. The unit can specify a quantitative measure of the environmental attribute to which the token is linked, such as the amount of vegetable oil of sustainable origin entering a chemical production network. Tokens can specify a qualitative measure of the environmental attribute to which the token is linked, such as the sustainable origin of a vegetable oil. Tokens can be fungible tokens (e.g., assets that are not unique and are mutually exchangeable). Tokens can be non-fungible tokens (e.g., unique assets). This can enable the token, and thus the environmental attribute associated with the token, to be uniquely linked to a specific order of a produced chemical product.

[0015] Environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils can be digital assets. The environmental attributes can digitally specify the environmental impact of vegetable oils. The environmental attributes can relate to the sustainable origin of vegetable oils. The environmental attributes can include qualitative data points related to the type of impact, for example in view of vegetable oils. The environmental attributes can specify types such as sustainable origin. The qualitative data points can be converted into a quantitative measure such as a token unit. The environmental attributes can include quantitative data points related to the type of impact, for example in view of vegetable oils. The environmental attributes can specify the inclusion of sustainable origin. The environmental attributes can include further environmental characteristics of vegetable oils.

[0016] An environmental attribute can refer to any property or characteristic related to environmental impact. An environmental attribute can refer to certification or certification data documenting compliance with existing industry standards, particularly those related to environmental impact. Such properties can be properties or characteristics of vegetable oils and / or chemical products. An environmental attribute can be derived from the properties of vegetable oils. An environmental attribute can be associated with the environmental impact of one or more materials at any stage in the life cycle of the one or more materials. The stages of the life cycle of a material or product can include the provision of raw materials, the production of products such as intermediate or final products, the use of the product, the treatment of used products, the recycling of used products, the disposal of used products, the reuse of parts from used products, or any subset of each stage. An environmental attribute can be traced from any activity of one or more entities involved at any stage of the life cycle of one or more materials or products. Environmental attributes associated with any activity of one or more entities involved at any stage of the life cycle of one or more input materials or products can be accumulated or aggregated.

[0017] An environmental attribute can include one or more properties attributable to the environmental or sustainability impact of vegetable oils. An environmental attribute can include environmental or technical properties associated with the environmental impact of vegetable oils.

[0018] Environmental characteristics can specify or quantify ecological criteria associated with the environmental impact of vegetable oils, intermediate products, and / or chemical products. Environmental characteristics can be measurements obtained during the life cycle of vegetable oils, or can be generated or derived from such measurements. Environmental characteristics can include, for example, impact categories such as biological and abiotic resource consumption, air emissions, stratospheric ozone depletion potential, ozone formation, terrestrial and / or ocean acidification, water consumption, water depletion, water availability, water pollution, noise pollution, freshwater and / or marine eutrophication potential, terrestrial, freshwater and / or marine ecotoxicity, agricultural and / or urban land occupation, land conversion, land use, indirect land use, forest loss, and / or biodiversity. Environmental characteristics can be calculated from combinations of one or more environmental characteristics. Environmental characteristics can include, for example, material or product characteristics related to the production of materials or products produced using sustainable vegetable oils.

[0019] Technical characteristics can specify or quantify the performance of a material or product that is at least indirectly related to its environmental impact. Technical characteristics may include, for example, product composition data, material lists, product specification data, product component data, product safety data, application characteristics data, application instructions, or product quality data. Technical characteristics may be or be derived from measurements obtained during the lifecycle of one or more materials or products. Technical characteristics can be determined at any stage of the material or product lifecycle and can characterize the performance of the material or product across or up to such stages. Technical characteristics may include, for example, composition data, inputs in the production process, material lists, product or material specification data, product or material component data, product or material safety data, application characteristics data, application instructions, or product or material quality data. Technical characteristics may include, for example, the physical, chemical, or further properties of a material or product.

[0020] A chemical product may contain or be any material produced by a chemical production network using at least one vegetable oil. A chemical product or product material may be produced from vegetable oil by a chemical production network. A chemical product may be produced from vegetable oil through one or more chemical and / or physical processes. Therefore, chemical intermediates produced from vegetable oil may be used to produce a chemical product or product material. A chemical process may include a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction may include any chemical reaction well known in the art in which reactants are converted into one or more different chemical products. A chemical reaction may include the use of catalysts, enzymes, bacteria, etc., to achieve the chemical reaction between reactants. A physical process may include mixing, separation, and / or extrusion.

[0021] Chemical production may include multiple types of production processes for producing different chemical products from vegetable oils. Chemical production may include a complex production network that produces multiple chemical products in multiple production chains or value chains. A production chain or value chain may include one or more processes configured to produce one chemical product or class of chemical products from one or more vegetable oils. A chemical production network may include connected, interconnected, and / or disconnected production chains. The production chains included in a chemical production network may be defined by the physical system boundary of the chemical production network. A system boundary may be defined by the location or control of the production process. A system boundary may be defined by the locations of the chemical production network. A system boundary may be defined by a production process jointly controlled by one or more entities. A system boundary may be defined by a value chain having time-staggered production processes to the final product, which may be controlled together or individually by multiple entities. A chemical production network may include a production step of producing chemical products or intermediates from a provided vegetable oil, a separation step of separating intermediates from one process step, and a further processing step of converting such products into chemical products that exit the system boundary of the chemical production network. A chemical production network may produce multiple intermediates from vegetable oil, and one or more chemical products from the intermediates. Vegetable oil can enter the chemical production network at input points. Chemical products can exit the production network at output points (feed-out points).

[0022] Chemical production may include one or more input points where vegetable oils are supplied to the chemical production network. Input materials may include conventional vegetable oils, non-conventional vegetable oils, or both. Non-conventional vegetable oils may include vegetable oils associated with at least one environmental attribute. Conventional vegetable oils may include vegetable oils not associated with at least one environmental attribute. Input materials may include raw materials for hydrolysis plants. Examples of input materials include sustainably produced vegetable oils (sustainable vegetable oils), such as sustainable palm oil, sustainable palm kernel oil, sustainable coconut oil, sustainable rapeseed oil, sustainable soybean oil, or combinations thereof. Input materials may be supplied to at least one hydrolysis plant or any plant in the production chain for downstream products such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and soaps.

[0023] Vegetable oils associated with one or more environmental attributes provided at a point of input for chemical production may include vegetable oils with sustainable origins. Origin may refer to a geographical name representing the production and harvesting zone of the raw materials (e.g., plants used to produce the vegetable oil). Origin may be considered sustainable if the origin of the vegetable oil is deemed to meet established sustainability requirements for each vegetable oil. Such sustainability requirements include biodiversity, carbon sequestration, peatlands, and / or land-use change. Biodiversity requirements may include the protection of primary forests and other (primary) woodlands, i.e., native forests and other woodlands where there are no clear visible signs of human activity and ecological processes are not significantly disrupted. Biodiversity requirements may include the protection of nature reserves designated by law or the relevant competent authority for the purpose of nature conservation. Biodiversity requirements may include the protection of rare, endangered, or critically endangered ecosystems or species recognized by international agreements or included in lists created by intergovernmental organizations or the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Carbon sequestration requirements may include the protection of wetlands, i.e., land that is permanently covered or saturated with water or water for most of the year, and / or continuously planted areas, i.e., land exceeding 1 hectare with trees that are taller than 5 meters and have a canopy cover of more than 30%, or capable of reaching these thresholds in place, and / or land exceeding 1 hectare with trees that are taller than 5 meters and have a canopy cover within a specified range, or capable of reaching these thresholds in place, unless evidence is provided. Peatland requirements may include ensuring that raw materials for vegetable oil production are not made from land that was peatland on a specific date in the past. Land-use change requirements (LUC requirements) may refer to the need to minimize greenhouse gas emissions resulting from changes in land use after a specific year. Land-use change should be understood as changes in land cover between the six land categories used by the IPCC (forests, grasslands, farmland, wetlands, developed land and other land) plus a seventh category of perennial grass crops.

[0024] Sustainable origins can be traceable through data such as certificates that demonstrate compliance with defined sustainability requirements. For example, the sustainable origin of palm kernel oil and palm oil can be demonstrated by RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) certificates. The origin of vegetable oils can be documented by storing data associated with the production of the vegetable oil, for example, within a distributed ledger network. Steps in vegetable oil production include cultivation, crushing, pressing, transportation, and refining. Data obtained at each step can be checked against specific criteria to ensure that no fraudulent data is stored and that the origin of the plant is properly documented. Such data can be associated with certificates to enable verification of sustainable origins.

[0025] Chemical production may include identity preservation or separation production chains. In this context, identity preservation or separation may refer to the preservation or separation of the environmental attributes of the vegetable oil in the production chain. An example is a vegetable oil of sustainable origin used to produce a chemical product that contains ingredients of sustainable origin. A further example is a vegetable oil of non-sustainable origin used to produce a chemical product that contains ingredients of non-sustainable origin. Chemical production may include non-identity preservation or non-separation production chains. In this context, non-identity preservation or non-separation may refer to the mixing of vegetable oils associated with environmental attributes. For example, non-identity preservation or non-separation in this context refers to the mixing of vegetable oils associated with environmental attributes with conventional vegetable oils in the production chain. An example is the mixing of vegetable oils of sustainable and non-sustainable origin to produce a chemical product that contains ingredients of sustainable and non-sustainable origin.

[0026] A distributed ledger network can be a peer-to-peer network with multiple nodes. Each node may contain a peer-to-peer application in the form of a distributed ledger. Each node may contain a peer-to-peer application in the form of a shared database. Each node may contain the same peer-to-peer application. A distributed ledger can be configured to store data, such as tokens and associated units, the transfer of token units, the creation of tokens and associated units, the burning of token units, etc., along with specific proofs or signatures. A distributed ledger can be further configured to store computer code in the form of executable means. In particular, executable means can be invoked by a transaction to the (unique) communication address of the executable means in a so-called "smart contract". This executable means can be processed on multiple nodes of the peer-to-peer network. This executable means (e.g., a smart contract) or processing logic can be stored and executed in the so-called "cryptographic conditions" of the Interledger Protocol (ILP), such that not all of the code of the executable means necessarily needs to be stored in a smart contract such as an Ethereum smart contract. Alternatively, the executable means (smart contracts) can be stored and executed on decentralized computing marketplaces (e.g., Ethereum computing marketplace, Trubit, Golem, Cryplets, Microsoft).

[0027] A distributed ledger or shared database may be readable by any entity in the product ecosystem, including raw material manufacturers, chemical manufacturers, component manufacturers, assembly manufacturers, finished product manufacturers, finished product users, used product collectors, and recyclers in a peer-to-peer network. A distributed ledger or shared database may be readable by at least some of the participants in a peer-to-peer network. A distributed register, at least its public portion (i.e., one without private contracts), may be readable by at least each participant in the peer-to-peer network. Peer-to-peer network nodes may send or write messages to peer-to-peer applications. Messages or transactions sent to an executable may initiate the execution of the executable's code, using data stored in the executable (transaction criteria and / or other data). For example, sending transaction data indicating the generation of new units of a previously generated token to such an executable may result in the generation of further units of such tokens (e.g., minting).

[0028] Information between peer nodes can be exchanged via a peer-to-peer messaging system. That is, a peer node can submit information or trigger an action by sending a message to another peer node. Messages can be cleartext, signed, hashed, timestamped, and / or encrypted. In other words, it is not necessary to store all data exchanged between peer nodes in a distributed register.

[0029] A peer-to-peer application can be built on a peer-to-peer network that includes the following elements: consensus system / protocol, data structure, Merkle tree, public key signing, and / or Byzantine fault tolerance. It can replicate data based on consensus principles. It can be auditable and traceable. A peer-to-peer application can be a distributed ledger (e.g., a blockchain) containing at least two blocks linked together. A blockchain can be a decentralized peer-to-peer based register where tokens linked to environmental attributes can be created, transferred, and burned (e.g., transferred to an address not associated with a private key). A blockchain can be a free-participation blockchain. A blockchain can be a permissioned blockchain. A blockchain can be public. A blockchain can be a consortium blockchain. A blockchain can be a private blockchain. Alternatively, a peer-to-peer application can be formed by multiple blockchains connected via mechanisms such as sidechains or smart contracts. A peer-to-peer node can run one or more different blockchain clients. Data in a peer-to-peer application can be stored in "distributed ledger technology". A distributed ledger can manage (encrypt) data storage accessible over the internet, such as distributed data storage, object stores and databases (e.g., Interplanetary File System (IPFS) or storj) or distributed blockchain databases (e.g., BigChainDB). Access to encrypted data by third-party entities can be managed through access mechanisms formed as one or more smart contracts on the blockchain.

[0030] Transaction data can be generated and transmitted to a distributed ledger network via a peer-to-peer module. A peer-to-peer module may provide an interface module, such as an Application Programming Interface (API), and a distributed application for communication with computer nodes in the peer-to-peer network, or a peer-to-peer application such as a blockchain or smart contract on a blockchain. For example, a peer-to-peer module does not necessarily have to include a peer-to-peer application and does not have to be a node in the peer-to-peer network. This makes it possible to reduce the processing power required for the peer-to-peer module. For example, such a peer-to-peer module may transmit cleartext or encrypted information to communicate with the peer-to-peer network, or it may create a secure connection (e.g., a tunnel) to a peer-to-peer gateway (or so-called "remote node"). A distributed application of software may include at least a local algorithm configured to generate data, such as transaction data, and transmit it to a peer-to-peer application via an API. A distributed application (so-called "Dapp") is at least configured to generate and transmit such data. For example, a peer-to-peer module may be a so-called "light node" or distributed application (Dapp) connected to a remote node. Data and messages may be signed or encrypted. Data and messages may be transmitted to peer-to-peer nodes running peer-to-peer applications such as blockchain via cryptographically secure tunnels or secure internet connections. Trusted execution environments such as Intel SGX, TPM, or direct anonymous authentication modules may be integrated into peer-to-peer modules to securely deploy executable means and / or data to devices.

[0031] Alternatively, a peer-to-peer module can be a peer-to-peer node that contains at least a portion of a peer-to-peer application. For example, a peer-to-peer module may contain the entire data content of a peer-to-peer application. A peer-to-peer module may include decentralized applications, APIs, and peer-to-peer applications such as blockchains or distributed ledgers.

[0032] A peer-to-peer network may include one or more validation peers or full nodes. Such validation nodes may be configured to perform validation processes, such as creating new entries in a distributed ledger or shared database. Peer-to-peer network nodes may further include one or more observation nodes. Observation nodes may be configured to validate transactions to establish a trust level, but they do not validate all transactions performed by validation peers. A peer-to-peer network may include one or more mining nodes. Such mining nodes may participate in proof-of-work consensus algorithms. Such mining nodes may add new blocks to the blockchain when they solve mathematical problems associated with proof-of-work algorithms.

[0033] Data stored on a distributed ledger can be stored in cleartext. Data stored on a distributed ledger can be encrypted, and keys can be handled via the distributed ledger. Transactions of token units can be stored in cleartext on the blockchain. Privacy protection, secure transactions, or computer code execution can be achieved using cryptographic tools such as zero-knowledge (zk) proofs or zk-simple non-interactive proofs (zk-SNARK). A transaction or algorithm is divided into two parts: an executable means on the distributed ledger (e.g., a smart contract) and a further executable means (e.g., a private contract). Privacy protection protocols can ensure data privacy and the accuracy of code execution (SNARK verification can be performed via smart contracts on the chain). Private contract computation can be performed by a set of nodes, off-chain computers, or in a secure hardware enclave for proof and sealing that cannot be manipulated by other software code running on a measured startup environment or device. Alternatively, a secure multi-party computing (sMPC) system may be used for transaction privacy. Examples of privacy-preserving protocols and computations include HAWK and MIT Enigma. By using zero-knowledge proofs (zk proofs), it becomes possible to verify that an algorithm is executing correctly in a private contract without disclosing the input data to the verifier. zk proofs can be stored in and / or validated by peer-to-peer applications. In addition, selective privacy can be achieved by sharing the key to decrypt transactions for reporting and auditing purposes.

[0034] Chemical products can be produced by a chemical production network provided with input materials associated with one or more environmental attributes. Chemical products can be manufactured by a production chain of a chemical production network provided with input materials associated with one or more environmental attributes. Chemical products can be produced from input materials associated with one or more environmental attributes.

[0035] A chemical product may include one or more identifiers associated with the chemical product. Identifiers may relate to chemical product classes, specific chemical products, and / or environmental properties of the chemical product. Identifiers may include unique numbers uniquely associated with chemical product classes, specific chemical products, and / or properties of chemical products. Identifiers may include one or more specific identifiers, such as chemical product class identifiers, specific chemical product identifiers, and / or chemical product property identifiers. Such specific identifiers may be uniquely linked to chemical products. For example, one or more property identifiers may be uniquely linked to a chemical product identifier. A chemical product identifier may be uniquely linked to a specific chemical product. In this way, a chemical product may be uniquely linked to a digital twin of a chemical product that specifies specific properties of the chemical product.

[0036] A chemical product identifier may include one or more identifiers associated with one or more environmental attributes. The identifier may include environmental attribute identifiers, such as unique environmental attribute identifiers associated with environmental attributes assignable to chemical products. Environmental attribute identifiers may be associated with a chemical product class or a specific chemical product. For example, an environmental attribute identifier may be associated with sustainable origin as an environmental attribute, which has its own unique material identifier. A specific environmental attribute or a specific combination of environmental attributes may be associated with a unique environmental attribute identifier.

[0037] A chemical product identifier may include, be linked to, or be associated with, a unique batch number and / or order number. The batch number may be linked to the physical entity of the chemical product batch produced. The order number may be linked to a transaction specifying the shipment of a chemical product batch from the chemical product producer to a user who further processes the chemical product.

[0038] Chemical product identifiers can be associated with the product specifications of chemical products. In one embodiment, the vegetable oil may be selected from palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or a combination thereof. Palm oil and palm kernel oil may be produced from the fruit of the palm oil tree. Palm oil may be produced by crushing the fruit of the palm oil tree. Palm kernel oil may be produced by pressing palm kernels. The sustainable origin of the vegetable oil may be associated with its production. In particular, the sustainable origin may be associated with the growth of the plants used to produce the vegetable oil.

[0039] In one embodiment, environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil are associated with vegetable oil production data. Production data may include data associated with the growth of plants used to produce vegetable oil, data associated with the harvesting of plants used to produce vegetable oil, data associated with the transportation of harvested plants or parts thereof, data associated with the processing of harvested plants or parts thereof, data associated with the refining of vegetable oil, or a combination thereof. Data associated with plant growth may include origin data associated with the origin of plants used to produce vegetable oil. Origin may refer to a geographical name representing the production and harvesting zone of plants used to produce vegetable oil. Data associated with processing may include data associated with the crushing and / or pressing processes of harvested plants or parts thereof. At least a portion of the production data may be stored in a distributed ledger network. Such data may include data on the geographical location of the growth of plants used to produce vegetable oil. Such data may include data on the harvesting of such plants. Such data may include data on the transportation of such harvested plants or parts thereof to a crusher. Such data may include data relating to the processing of harvested plants or parts thereof, such as data relating to the crushing process, the pressing process, and / or the refining process. Such data may be validated before being stored in a distributed ledger network. This ensures that only correct data is stored in the distributed ledger network and thus avoids the storage of incorrect data that could later be used for false authentication. For example, data relating to sustainable origins may be checked with respect to location data associated with the plant's growth before the sustainable origin of such plants and the vegetable oils produced therefrom is stored.

[0040] In one embodiment, environmental attributes are associated with or correspond to certificate data indicating the production of vegetable oil in accordance with a predetermined production standard. The predetermined production standard may include different areas of influence of vegetable oil production. Such areas may be defined by different data points, such as data points associated with prosperity, humans, and nature. Data points associated with prosperity may include data on ethical and transparent conduct, data on lawful operation, and data on respect for rights. Data points associated with humans may include data on human rights and communities, data on supporting smallholder farmer inclusion, and data on workers' rights and conditions. Data points associated with nature may include data on ecosystem and environmental protection. The predetermined production standard may include the aforementioned biodiversity, carbon sequestration, peatlands, and / or land-use change.

[0041] In one embodiment, a unit of tokens is received in response to a request, the request including an address and a unit of tokens. The request may be provided to an entity that owns such a unit of tokens. The entity may operate a platform, which allows a token owner to transfer unused units of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils to an address associated with the entity operating the platform. The token owner may be a chemical producer that produces chemical products using vegetable oils associated with environmental attributes. The address may be associated with a chemical production operating system that produces chemical products. By receiving a unit of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils, the chemical producer can allocate such units of tokens, and thus environmental attributes linked to chemical products produced at least partially from vegetable oils not associated with the required environmental attributes. Thus, by requesting a unit of tokens linked to the required environmental attributes, it may be possible to customize chemical products to customer needs without having to procure the raw materials associated with the required raw materials. This allows for the flexible allocation of environmental attributes within the product ecosystem, avoiding supply shortages and enabling the flexible distribution of environmental attributes from one chemical producer to multiple chemical producers, thereby meeting customer needs.

[0042] In one embodiment, token-receiving units are created when vegetable oil associated with environmental attributes is used within different chemical productions for producing chemical products, and are not assigned to chemical products produced by those different chemical productions. Token-receiving units are created by chemical producers based on vegetable oil associated with environmental attributes and can be used as input materials in the relevant chemical production network. Token-receiving units may be created when vegetable oil enters the chemical production network. Token-receiving units may be created based on vegetable oil data associated with the vegetable oil. The vegetable oil data may include the aforementioned vegetable oil production data.

[0043] Vegetable oil data may include measured or determined physical and / or chemical properties of the vegetable oil, data associated with the delivery of the vegetable oil, vegetable oil identifiers, LOT numbers, batch numbers, certificate data, or a combination thereof. Vegetable oil identifiers may include any identifier uniquely associated with the vegetable oil. Vegetable oil may relate to one specific physical entity of the vegetable oil, such as a batch or packaged material. Vegetable oil may relate to a group of physical entities of the vegetable oil, such as a batch or packaged material produced from a single production chain or site, such as a production chain or site included in chemical production. Vegetable oil identifiers may relate to a continuous or semi-continuous flow of vegetable oil supplied to chemical production. Vegetable oil identifiers may refer to a flow of vegetable oil supplied to chemical production, for example, over a specific time period or from a specific supplier. LOT numbers may be assigned to inbound material at the time of production of the material. LOT numbers may refer to an identification number assigned to a specific quantity or lot of vegetable oil from a single manufacturer. LOT numbers may typically be found on the outside of the vegetable oil packaging. Order numbers may be assigned to the transfer of a specific physical entity, quantity, or group of vegetable oil to a chemical production network. Order numbers may be assigned to vegetable oil transfers. Order numbers may be associated with vegetable oil producer identification information and entities operating the chemical production network. Certificate data may include certificate type, allocation method, environmental attributes, quantity of vegetable oil associated with environmental attributes, volume of vegetable oil, producer identifier, vegetable oil identifier, or a combination thereof. Certificates may be generated by certification bodies and may indicate that the vegetable oil meets the requirements associated with the certificate. For example, a certificate may certify at least one environmental attribute of the inbound material, such as its sustainable origin.

[0044] Vegetable oil data may be provided via a physical identifier attached to the physical entity of the vegetable oil. The physical identifier may include codes such as barcodes, QR codes (registered trademarks), embossed codes, RFID tags, and markers. The physical identifier may be associated with a distributed identifier. The distributed identifier may include any unique identifier uniquely associated with the input material. The distributed identifier may include a universally unique identifier (UUID) or a digital identifier (DID). The distributed identifier may be issued by a central or distributed identifier issuer. The distributed identifier may be linked to authentication and / or authorization information. Through the distributed identifier and its unique association with the vegetable oil producer and the vegetable oil data, access to the vegetable oil data may be controlled by the vegetable oil producer. This is in contrast to a central authority system, where the identifier is provided by such central authority and access to the data is controlled by such central authority. In this context, "distributed" refers to the use of identifiers in implementations controlled by data owners, such as input material producers.

[0045] Vegetable oil suppliers and chemical producers may be part of a product ecosystem. A product ecosystem may include different stages, including manufacturing, use, and reuse. In these stages, one or more ecosystem stakeholders may contribute to the manufacturing, use, or reuse of a product. For example, the manufacturing stage may include raw material manufacturers, chemical manufacturers, and / or final product manufacturers. Furthermore, for example, the use stage may include product users, product service providers, and / or product distributors. Furthermore, for example, the reuse stage may include recovery companies, sorting companies, dismantling companies, recyclers, restoration companies, and / or refurbishment companies.

[0046] Parties involved in a product ecosystem may be connected via a decentralized network. The decentralized network may include computing nodes associated with product ecosystem participants and may be configured to execute data transactions. Computing nodes associated with product ecosystem participants may be associated with producers, users, or reusers of physical products, such as input material producers, chemical product producers, intermediate product producers, final product producers, final product users, used product users, or product reusers. Data transactions may be based on transaction protocols that include authentication and / or authorization mechanisms. Peer-to-peer communication between computing nodes associated with product ecosystem participants may be established based on the authentication and / or authorization mechanisms. A chemical product manufacturer may access vegetable oil data via a decentralized data consumption network node configured to access data at a decentralized data provision network node based on a decentralized identifier. For example, a decentralized data consumption network node may access vegetable oil data at a decentralized data provision network node associated with a vegetable oil producer. Vegetable oil data may be accessed at the time of or after the input of vegetable oil into the chemical production network. Vegetable oil data may be stored in dedicated storage associated with the decentralized data provision network node. Dedicated storage, and therefore access to vegetable oil data, may be under the control of the vegetable oil data owner, such as vegetable oil producers.

[0047] Vegetable oil data may be used to determine environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil. Determining environmental attributes may include determining the quantity of vegetable oil. If two or more vegetable oils are provided, the quantity of at least a portion of the provided vegetable oil may be determined. The determination may be based on any of the extensive digital documents (e.g., vegetable oil data) associated with the material list, sales receipt, recipe and / or receipt for the vegetable oil. The operating system may analyze the vegetable oil data to determine the quantity of vegetable oil received. The “quantity” of vegetable oil may refer to the volume, quantity of substance and / or mass of the vegetable oil. The quantity of vegetable oil entering the chemical production network may be stored in one or more vegetable oil storage facilities, such as tanks and / or warehouses. The vegetable oil storage facilities may be connected to one or more production plants in the chemical production network via pipes or the like, enabling continuous or batch supply of vegetable oil to each plant.

[0048] Environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils may be determined through a virtual production process. Virtual production may refer to receiving vegetable oil data for sustainable vegetable oils, generating environmental attributes (based on sustainable vegetable oils), and generating conventional vegetable oil data (e.g., data describing the corresponding quantities and / or values ​​of conventional vegetable oils). The virtual production process may be performed by a virtual production module configured to receive vegetable oil data associated with at least one vegetable oil and to generate environmental attributes associated with at least one vegetable oil. The virtual production module may be further configured to determine the quantity of vegetable oil. The virtual production module may be further configured to determine the values ​​associated with vegetable oils.

[0049] The determined environmental attributes may be used to create one or more tokens linked to at least one determined environmental attribute. Tokens may be created by providing transaction data to a distributed ledger network. Transaction data may include a new token object that defines a token name, token description, token symbol, the number of decimal places to which each unit of the token can be subdivided, the initial quantity of tokens (e.g., initial units), an address associated with the operating system, and token control functions that define one or more functions of the token, such as mint, burn, transfer, approve, and / or balancing functions. The new token object may be generated based on an existing token template. Token templates may include templates corresponding to (1) variable supply fungible assets (i.e., assets that are not unique but are interchangeable), (2) fixed supply fungible assets, (3) variable supply nonfungible assets (i.e., assets that are unique), and (4) fixed supply nonfungible assets. Token templates may include control functions. By using a token template to generate transaction data, the token creation process can be simplified, ensuring that the generated token includes all necessary token control functions and allows for the desired handling of the token. Transaction data may include a first address associated with the operating system, a second address associated with the operating system, and the units of tokens to be transferred. Transaction data can be provided to the distributed ledger network as described above. When a transaction is executed, the quantity of tokens specified in the transaction data is transferred from the first address to the second address or further addresses. Thus, the balance of the first address decreases by the amount specified in the transaction data, and the balance of the second address increases by the same amount. This makes it possible to transfer previously minted units of tokens to further addresses.

[0050] Generating transaction data may involve determining token units based on determined environmental attributes. Token units may be determined based on a rule set. The rule set may define correlations between vegetable oil, the environmental attributes of the vegetable oil, the quantity of vegetable oil, and the associated token units. Input materials may be identified in the rule set via input material identifiers. Environmental attributes may be identified via environmental attribute identifiers. The rule set may include correlations between several input materials and / or several environmental attributes and / or several quantities of input materials. For example, the rule set may define that a predetermined quantity, such as kilograms or tons, of a given vegetable oil, such as palm oil, associated with a given environmental attribute, such as sustainable origin, may represent a defined unit of the token "sustainable origin". The rule set may define correlations between environmental units associated with a defined quantity of vegetable oil and token units. The rule set may define rules for determining environmental units from determined environmental attributes. For example, the rule set may define rules for converting determined environmental attributes into environmental units based on the quantity of vegetable oil supplied to the chemical production network.

[0051] Some of the token units created can be linked to chemical products, and said chemical products can be associated with environmental attributes linked to the tokens. Unused token units (e.g., token units not associated with produced chemical products) can be transferred to the platform by the chemical producer that created the token units so that other chemical producers who need such environmental attributes can receive token units linked to such environmental attributes. This allows for flexible sharing of environmental attributes within chemical production and thus avoids shortages of chemical products associated with environmental attributes.

[0052] By converting the environmental attributes of vegetable oil into token units, the tokens can function as a digital environmental currency and be used to share environmental attributes among chemical producers. The digital environmental currency can decouple the material flow of vegetable oil through a chemical production network from the environmental attributes associated with the vegetable oil, and can allocate such environmental attributes to chemical products produced by the chemical production network, completely or at least partially independently of the material flow. Thus, the tokens can be balanced independently of the physical flow of vegetable oil used during the production of chemical products by the chemical production network. Each token linked to an environmental attribute can be balanced based on the system boundary of the chemical production network. Each token linked to an environmental attribute can be balanced based on the vegetable oil entering the system boundary of the chemical production network and the produced chemical products leaving the chemical production network. Unused units of the tokens can be shared with other chemical producers, as described above.

[0053] In one embodiment, a token is associated with or linked to one or more properties of a vegetable oil associated with one or more environmental attributes. A token may be associated with one or more properties of a vegetable oil that can be attributed to the environmental impact of the vegetable oil and the chemical products produced by the chemical production. The vegetable oil properties may include, but are not limited to, input material type, origin type, allocation method, or a combination thereof. By specifying the vegetable oil properties, the environmental attributes and properties of the vegetable oil used to produce the chemical products can be tracked at a finer granularity. This enables the system to track the environmental attributes and properties of the vegetable oil at a finer granularity. This finer granular tracking via tokens enables the allocation of units of environmental attribute-linked tokens to chemical products tailored to customer needs.

[0054] In one embodiment, a token may relate to or be associated with a vegetable oil type, origin type, allocation method, or a combination thereof. A virtual balancing system or token may be associated with metadata that specifies a vegetable oil associated with one or more environmental attributes. The metadata may specify a vegetable oil associated with one or more environmental attributes that has been provided to an input point in a chemical production network. Vegetable oil types may include, but are not limited to, vegetable oils, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or combinations thereof. Chemical substances may include, but are not limited to, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, or combinations thereof.

[0055] In one embodiment, a token may be associated with metadata specifying the vegetable oil type, origin type, allocation method, or a combination thereof. For example, sustainable palm oil and / or palm kernel oil may be provided to a chemical production network as a vegetable oil. The metadata may specify the vegetable oil type "palm oil / palm kernel oil", the environmental attribute type "sustainable origin", and / or the allocation method "non-separated method" (e.g., mass balance).

[0056] In one embodiment, the token is associated with a vegetable oil type, such as "sustainable palm oil," "sustainable palm kernel oil," or "sustainable coconut oil." In another embodiment, the token is associated with the hydrolysis of the vegetable oil.

[0057] In one embodiment, a token is associated with metadata specifying a relationship between a vegetable oil associated with one or more environmental attributes and a chemical product. In another embodiment, the relationship is associated with a chemical production network, one or more production chains, one or more chemical products, one or more chemical product classes, or a combination thereof. The relationship may be associated with a chemical production network. For example, input materials associated with one or more environmental attributes may be supplied to a chemical production network that produces a chemical product. The relationship may be associated with one or more production chains of a chemical production network that produces a chemical product. For example, vegetable oil associated with one or more environmental attributes may be supplied to one or more production chains of a chemical production network that produces a chemical product. The relationship may be associated with one or more chemical product classes produced by a chemical production network. For example, vegetable oil associated with one or more environmental attributes may be supplied to one or more production chains of a chemical production network that produces a chemical product class. The relationship may be associated with one or more chemical products produced by a chemical production network. For example, vegetable oil associated with one or more environmental attributes may be supplied to one or more production chains of a chemical production that produces one or more chemical products. The relationship may relate to a chemical production network, one or more production chains, one or more chemical products, one or more chemical product classes, or a combination thereof. By tagging with relationship metadata, vegetable oils may be physically and / or chemically traceable. The metadata may be derived from a digital twin of the chemical production network (or part thereof). The metadata may be derived from a digital twin of the chemical production network (or part thereof) and production schedules.

[0058] In one embodiment, environmental attributes associated with one or more vegetable oils are decoupled from the physical flow of vegetable oils within chemical production. By decoupled from the physical flow of vegetable oils within chemical production via token units, it becomes possible to flexibly assign such environmental attributes to chemical products produced from such vegetable oils, regardless of the environmental attributes associated with the specific vegetable oil used in the production of a particular product. In this way, environmental attributes can be assigned in accordance with target environmental data provided by the chemical product customer, regardless of the environmental attributes associated with the vegetable oil supplied to the chemical production. This flexible allocation of environmental attributes to chemical products allows for more efficient allocation of environmental attributes because the allocation is more independent of the supply of vegetable oils associated with the environmental attributes requested by the customer.

[0059] In one embodiment, the target environmental attribute may relate to or be associated with sustainable origin inclusions. The target environmental attribute may further relate to or be associated with metadata specifying the vegetable oil type, origin type, allocation method, or a combination thereof. Based on such metadata, metadata associated with or related to a token may be matched, and an address holding a matching token may be selected. Units of the matching token may be transferred from the selected address, for example, as described below. The transferred units may be assigned to a chemical product, for example, as described below. Tokens and associated metadata enable the achievement of granular target environmental attributes.

[0060] Chemical product identifiers and target environmental attributes may be provided in response to the receipt of data related to orders associated with chemical products. Order data may be received from chemical product consumers. Order data may include instructions that a chemical product should be associated with at least one environmental attribute. Chemical product identifiers may be provided based on order data. By triggering the provision of chemical product identifiers and target environmental attributes, it becomes possible to assign environmental attributes to chemical products produced via units of tokens linked to those attributes, if requested by the customer, thereby ensuring that the produced chemical products meet customer needs regarding environmental attributes while avoiding an automated process of assigning environmental attributes based on the input materials used to produce each chemical product. This makes it possible to provide chemical products associated with the required environmental attributes while maintaining a flexible supply of input materials and production of chemical products based on available input materials.

[0061] In one embodiment, at least one attribution rule specifies an allocation scheme associated with an address. At least one attribution rule may specify the attribution of environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to environmental attributes associated with chemical products. At least one attribution rule may depend on chemical product identifiers and environmental attributes. At least one attribution rule may include instructions for attributing environmental attributes via tokens and associated units to at least one address associated with the operating system. At least one attribution rule may include instructions for transferring units of tokens linked to environmental attributes from at least one address. At least one attribution rule may include instructions for linking units of tokens linked to environmental attributes to chemical products or chemical product identifiers. Such a link may include the transfer of such units of tokens from an address such that the address balance decreases by the amount of the transferred units. This ensures that the units of tokens, and therefore the environmental attributes allocated to the produced chemical products, are no longer available in the virtual accounting system, and thus ensures that the received environmental attributes represented by the units of tokens are used only once for the allocation to chemical products.

[0062] At least one attribution rule may be associated with an environmental attribute type related to an environmental attribute that is certified or uncertified. At least one attribution rule may be associated with an environmental attribute type related to an environmental attribute that is dependent on input materials. At least one attribution rule may be associated with an environmental attribute type related to an environmental attribute that is dependent on a chemical network or production chain. At least one attribution rule may be associated with an environmental attribute type related to an environmental attribute that is dependent on a chemical product. At least one attribution rule may be associated with an environmental attribute type related to an environmental attribute certified under a particular certification scheme. At least one attribution rule may be associated with an environmental attribute type related to an environmental attribute that conforms to a particular attribution scheme.

[0063] At least one attribution rule may be associated with at least one attribution scheme that specifies balancing or environmental attributes. At least one attribution rule may be associated with at least one segregated or non-segregated attribution scheme. At least one attribution rule may be associated with at least one non-segregated attribution scheme. At least one attribution rule may be associated with one or more non-segregated attribution schemes, such as a mass balancing scheme with free attribution, a mass balancing scheme without free attribution, or a book-and-claim scheme.

[0064] In one embodiment, at least one attribution rule is associated with a vegetable oil characterized by at least one environmental attribute type. At least one attribution rule may be associated with a vegetable oil entering into chemical production. At least one attribution rule may be associated with a vegetable oil used to produce one or more chemical products.

[0065] At least one attribution rule may be associated with at least one chemical product characterized by at least one environmental attribute type. At least one attribution rule may be associated with at least one chemical product type that leaves chemical production. At least one attribution rule may be associated with at least one chemical product type produced from one or more vegetable oils.

[0066] At least one attribution rule can be associated with a token. At least one attribution rule can be associated with an environment attribute type.

[0067] A token and at least one attribution rule may be associated with the corresponding metadata at least partially. A token and at least one attribution rule may be associated with the corresponding metadata. A token and at least one attribution rule may be associated with the corresponding metadata at least partially. The set of metadata associated with a token and at least one attribution rule may match at all data points of the metadata. The set of metadata associated with a token and at least one attribution rule may be associated with at least one environmental attribute type, at least one chemical production network, at least one production chain, at least one attribution scheme, at least one input material type, at least one chemical product type, or a combination thereof. The input material type may be associated with the characteristics of vegetable oils, such as vegetable oils of sustainable origin. The input material type may be associated with vegetable oils of sustainable origin for input into a hydrolysis plant. The input material type may be associated with the origin of vegetable oils. The input material type may be associated with the production process of vegetable oils, such as refined or unrefined vegetable oils.

[0068] An attribution rule may include instructions that determine one or more addresses accessible (e.g., usable to transfer units of tokens) for at least one chemical product. At least one attribution rule may include instructions that determine one or more accessible addresses and / or units of tokens accessible for at least one chemical product. An attribution rule may be associated with metadata indicating one or more accessible addresses for at least one chemical product. An attribution rule may include instructions that verify or validate one or more accessible addresses for at least one chemical product. An attribution rule may include instructions that determine, verify and / or validate one or more accessible addresses for at least one chemical product. To determine one or more accessible addresses for at least one chemical product, an attribution rule may be associated with a chemical product or chemical product type.

[0069] In one embodiment, at least one attribution rule includes an instruction to determine the input materials used to produce a chemical product. The attribution rule may include an instruction to access a materials table containing vegetable oil data, chemical product data, and process data. From the materials table, an accessible environmental attribute type, and therefore a unit of tokens, may be determined for at least one chemical product. From the environmental attribute type, one or more accessible addresses may be determined for at least one chemical product.

[0070] An attribution rule may include instructions to match the metadata of a token with the chemical product type corresponding to a chemical product. To determine one or more accessible addresses for at least one chemical product, the attribution rule may be associated with a production chain. Such metadata matching may be performed against any combination of metadata associated with a token and the attribution rule outlined above.

[0071] To verify that one or more addresses are accessible for at least one chemical product, an attribution rule may be associated with a chemical product type and one or more addresses. During verification, one or more addresses accessible for at least one chemical product are determined and can be compared with one or more addresses associated with the attribution rule. To verify that one or more addresses are accessible for at least one chemical product, an attribution rule may be associated with a chemical product type and one or more tokens. During verification, one or more addresses holding tokens accessible for at least one chemical product are determined and can be compared with one or more tokens associated with the attribution rule.

[0072] To validate one or more addresses accessible for at least one chemical product, attribution rules may be associated with the chemical product type and one or more addresses. To validate one or more addresses accessible for at least one chemical product, attribution rules may be associated with the chemical product type and one or more tokens. During validation, the metadata and / or balance of one or more addresses accessible for at least one chemical product may be checked to ensure that they are validly accessible.

[0073] In one embodiment, assigning a determined unit of a token to a chemical product identifier includes generating transaction data and providing the generated transaction data to a distributed ledger to create a redeemed unit of the token, one or more environmental attributes linked to the token, and a provided chemical product identifier. A redeemed unit of a token may refer to a unit that is no longer accessible to the chemical producer for allocation to the chemical products produced. For example, such a unit may be transferred to an address that is not associated with the chemical production / operating system / entity operating the chemical production, for example, an address not under the control of the chemical production / operating system / entity operating the chemical production. The address may be associated with a third party creating one or more further tokens. The transfer of the token unit may include generating transaction data that specifies the address to which the unit is transferred, the unit to be transferred, and the provided chemical product identifier. The transaction data may be generated by a distributed application. The distributed application may be configured to provide the generated transaction data to a distributed ledger network. Creating one or more additional tokens may involve generating transaction data specifying the amortized units of the token, one or more environmental attributes linked to the tokens associated with the amortized units, and the provided chemical product identifier, and providing the generated transaction data to the distributed ledger network in order to create one or more additional tokens. The transaction data may be generated by the operating system. The transaction data may be generated by a third party on behalf of the entity operating the chemical production network.

[0074] One or more additional tokens may specify a value associated with the input material, and this value relates to the cost difference between the input material and the corresponding amount of fossil input material. The value may be provided in the transaction data.

[0075] One or more additional tokens may uniquely identify a chemical product through a combination of a chemical product identifier, one or more environmental attributes, and the amortized units of the token. Therefore, one or more additional tokens may be non-fungible tokens that uniquely identify a chemical product via a chemical product identifier.

[0076] One or more additional tokens may specify or be associated with metadata. One or more additional tokens may contain a digital representation pointing to metadata or a portion thereof. This allows the token's metadata to be stored off-chain, enabling the metadata to be updated or modified without the need to burn and mint another token. For example, one or more non-fungible tokens may contain a link pointing to an off-chain storage location of the metadata.

[0077] One or more additional tokens may be created at an address associated with chemical production. One or more additional tokens may be created at an address associated with a third party and transferred to the address of chemical production. When the chemical product associated with the one or more tokens is transferred to a chemical product consumer, one or more tokens may be transferred to an address associated with the chemical product consumer (for example, an address associated with a distributed ledger network).

[0078] In another embodiment, assigning a determined unit of tokens to a chemical product identifier involves transferring the determined unit to a further address associated with a distributed ledger network, the further address being associated with the provided chemical product identifier. The further address may be further associated with an operating system of chemical production. For example, the further address may be associated with metadata indicating the provided chemical product identifier, such metadata may be used to determine the further address. The further address may be further associated with the recipient of the produced chemical product.

[0079] In yet another embodiment, assigning a determined unit of a token to a chemical product identifier includes locking the determined unit by transferring the unit to a vault address associated with a distributed ledger network, the determined unit being transferred by generating transaction data containing the determined unit, locking the data associated with the chemical product identifier, and transmitting the transaction data to the distributed ledger network to lock the determined unit, the locked unit may be unlocked from the vault address and transferred using the data to lock it. The vault address corresponds to an executable means that can be invoked by sending the transaction to the (unique) communication address of the executable means. The transaction makes it possible to examine the determined unit token using a secret. The secret may be, for example, a hash value of the chemical product identifier. The produced chemical product associated with the chemical product identifier may be offered to consumers. The chemical product may be associated with a physical identifier that encodes the distributed identifier. The distributed identifier may be used to access chemical product data from a distributed data provision network node of a chemical product producer, as described above. The chemical product data may include the secret used to examine the unit of the token. A chemical product consumer may use a secret to generate transaction data including the secret and a vault address, and may provide the transaction data to the distributed ledger network to unlock a unit (for example, by transferring the unit to an address on the distributed ledger network associated with the chemical product consumer).

[0080] In one embodiment, assigning a determined unit of a token to a chemical product identifier is: - Check the balance of the address holding the tokens associated with the determined token unit, and if the balance is sufficient, assign the determined unit of tokens from the associated address to the chemical product identifier, and / or - Check that each token is associated with an input material used to produce a chemical product, and if each token is associated with a vegetable oil used in the chemical product production chain, assign the determined unit of the token from the address holding it to the chemical product identifier. Includes.

[0081] Vegetable oils used to produce chemical products may include vegetable oils associated with environmental attributes at the time of input into the chemical production network. Vegetable oils used to produce chemical products may include vegetable oils associated with environmental attributes and vegetable oils not associated with environmental attributes. Each environmental attribute may be decoupled from the material flow by generating tokens and associated units.

[0082] The assignment of determined token units to chemical product identifiers can be performed before, during, or after the production of the chemical product. Creating the tokens before production ensures that customer-requested environmental attributes can be associated with the produced chemical product. Furthermore, this makes it possible to determine the environmental attributes available for allocation to the remaining token units, and therefore to chemical products produced independently of production, thus ensuring that customer needs regarding environmental attributes associated with the ordered product can be met.

[0083] Brief explanation of the drawing The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the attached figures. The drawings and the same reference numerals in this disclosure are intended to refer to the same or similar elements, components and / or parts. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0084] [Figure 1] This example illustrates the transfer of token units linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils within a product ecosystem. [Figure 2]An example of a chemical production network that produces one or more chemical products from one or more input materials is shown, in relation to an operating system that includes an attribute management system. [Figure 3] This describes a virtual production system for producing sustainable chemical products by decoupling the environmental attributes of the input sustainable materials and generating a balancing unit. [Figure 4A] This demonstrates a merger system for producing sustainable chemical products, including the use of non-fungible tokens. [Figure 4B] This document describes a merger system for producing sustainable chemical products, including the use of addresses associated with environmental attributes. [Figure 4C] This describes a merger system for producing sustainable chemical products, including examining token units linked to environmental attributes and using a vault address to unlock them. [Figure 5] This example shows how to convert environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils into token units and assign them to chemical products. [Figure 6] This shows an exemplary supply chain for palm oil and palm kernel oil. [Figure 7] This shows an example of chemical production using a different allocation method. [Figure 8A] To create token units linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils, we present a first example of a product ecosystem participant network associated with a decentralized peer-to-peer network for exchanging vegetable oil data. [Figure 8B] This demonstrates the exchange of vegetable oil data related to vegetable oils provided to a chemical production network via a decentralized peer-to-peer network. [Figure 9] This document presents an example of a method for producing a chemical product associated with at least one environmental attribute. [Figure 10]An example of a system for producing at least one chemical product associated with one or more environmental attributes is presented, including an exemplary method for assigning at least one environmental attribute to at least one produced chemical product. [Figure 11A] This example illustrates a network of stakeholders in a product ecosystem associated with a decentralized peer-to-peer network for exchanging environmental attributes related to vegetable oils used as input materials in the production of chemical products. [Figure 11B] This illustrates the transfer of token units linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil from a first chemical producer to a second chemical producer via a platform. [Figure 11C] This represents the exchange of tokens linked to environmental attributes and associated with chemical products provided to chemical product consumers by a chemical production network via a decentralized peer-to-peer network. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0085] Detailed explanation Figure 1 shows an example of the transfer of units of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil within a product ecosystem. The product ecosystem may include the production of the final product. The product ecosystem may further include a recycling process associated with the recycling of the used final product (not shown; see, for example, Figure 11A).

[0086] A chemical producer 104 may produce chemical products from vegetable oils associated with one or more environmental attributes. Vegetable oils may include palm oil, palm kernel oil, and / or coconut oil. Exemplary chemical products produced from such vegetable oils may include fatty acids. Exemplary chemical products produced from such vegetable oils may include fatty alcohols. Exemplary chemical products produced from such vegetable oils may include ethoxylated fatty acids and / or ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Exemplary chemical products produced from such vegetable oils may include anionic surfactants, such as ethoxylated anionic surfactants. Exemplary chemical products produced from such vegetable oils may include fatty acid esters and / or fatty alcohol esters. Exemplary chemical products produced from such vegetable oils may include soap.

[0087] Environmental attributes may be associated with vegetable oil production data. Production data may include data related to the growth of plants used to produce vegetable oil, data related to the harvesting of plants used to produce vegetable oil, data related to the transportation of harvested plants or parts thereof, data related to the processing of harvested plants or parts thereof, data related to the refining of vegetable oil, or a combination thereof. Data related to plant growth may include origin data related to the origin of plants used to produce vegetable oil. Origin may refer to a geographical name representing the production and harvesting zone of plants used to produce vegetable oil. Data related to processing may include data related to the crushing and / or pressing processes of harvested plants or parts thereof. At least a portion of the production data may be stored in a distributed ledger network. Such data may include data on the geographical location of the growth of plants used to produce vegetable oil. Such data may include data on the harvesting of such plants. Such data may include data on the transportation of such harvested plants or parts thereof to a crusher. Such data may include data on the processing of harvested plants or parts thereof, such as data on the crushing process, data on the pressing process, and / or data on the refining process. Before storing such data in a distributed ledger network, it can be validated. This ensures that only correct data is stored in the distributed ledger network, thus avoiding the storage of incorrect data that could later be used for false authentication. For example, data related to sustainable origins can be checked against location data associated with the plant's growth before storing the sustainable origin of such plants and the vegetable oils produced therefrom.

[0088] Environmental attributes may be associated with or correspond to certificate data indicating the production of vegetable oil in accordance with specified production standards. The specified production standards may relate to the cultivation of the plants from which the vegetable oil is produced. The specified production standards may relate to the transportation of the harvested plants and / or the vegetable oil. The production standards may relate to the production of vegetable oil from the harvested plants. The production standards may relate to the refining of raw vegetable oil. The specified production standards may relate to biodiversity, carbon sequestration, peatlands and / or land-use change, as described above.

[0089] Chemical producer 104 may create units of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with the vegetable oil 102 that enters into chemical products of chemical producer 104. Units of tokens may be created as described in relation to Figures 2 and 3. Chemical producer 104 may assign the created units of tokens to the produced chemical product 118. The assignment of the created units of tokens may be carried out as described in relation to Figures 4A to 4C. Chemical producer 104 may transfer the chemical product 118 and the associated units of tokens (shown as non-fungible tokens in Figure 1) to chemical consumer 106. Token units may be transferred as shown in Figure 11C.

[0090] A chemical product consumer 106 may use chemical products received from a chemical product producer 104 to produce one or more final products, such as cosmetics. Consumer goods may include cosmetics. Examples of cosmetics include shower gels, shampoos, creams, lipsticks, deodorants, and antiperspirants. The chemical product consumer 106 may assign environmental attributes associated with the chemical products received from the chemical product producer 104, and optionally environmental attributes associated with further input materials, to the produced final product, for example, using a method described in relation to Figure 2. The produced final product 120 may be provided to a final product user 108 through a retailer. The assigned environmental attributes may be retrieved by the final product user 108 from, for example, a distributed ledger network, based on the chemical product identifier associated with the produced final product.

[0091] Chemical producer 104 does not necessarily allocate all units of the token created to chemical products produced from vegetable oil 102 associated with environmental attributes. Chemical producer 104 may transfer at least some of the "remaining" (e.g., unassigned or unused) units of token 116 to an address on a distributed ledger network associated with the environmental attribute platform 114. In doing so, chemical producer 104 may acquire fiat currency or cryptocurrency. The environmental attribute platform 114 may function as a platform for exchanging the remaining units of token 116 and may be configured to display the available units of the token and associated token metadata. Token metadata may include environmental attributes linked to each token.

[0092] A chemical producer 2 112 may produce one or more chemical products from a vegetable oil 110 (hereinafter referred to as a conventional raw material) that is not associated with environmental attributes. However, the chemical producer 2 112 may wish to associate such produced chemical products with one or more environmental attributes linked to the vegetable oil. Therefore, the chemical producer 2 112 may acquire units of tokens 122 on the environmental attribute platform 114. The chemical producer 2 112 may assign the acquired units of tokens to the produced chemical products, for example, as described in relation to Figures 4A to 4C. The chemical products 124 associated with environmental attributes may be offered to a chemical consumer 106.

[0093] By tokenizing environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils, it becomes possible to separate such environmental attributes from the material flow through chemical production when vegetable oils are introduced. Therefore, the separated environmental attributes can be flexibly assigned to chemical products produced using such vegetable oils, and the assignment of environmental attributes can be adjusted to meet customer needs. Unassigned tokenized environmental attributes can be provided to further chemical producers who require such environmental attributes to meet customer needs, thus avoiding shortages of sustainable chemical products. Thus, the assignment of tokenized environmental attributes can be carried out more efficiently by providing unused tokenized attributes to other stakeholders in the product ecosystem for the production of chemical products containing sustainable vegetable oils, thereby improving the use of sustainable vegetable oils within the product ecosystem.

[0094] Figure 2 shows an example of a chemical production network 206 that produces one or more chemical products from one or more vegetable oils, in relation to an operating system 202 that includes an attribute management system 220 for managing environmental attributes associated with at least a portion of the vegetable oils. Different input materials (raw materials) may be provided as physical inputs from material providers or suppliers to produce one or more chemical products. The input materials may include vegetable oils 208 associated with environmental attributes such as sustainable origin. The input materials may also include conventional vegetable oils 204 (e.g., vegetable oils not associated with environmental attributes) for the manufacture of chemical intermediates and chemical products. The chemical products 242 produced at least partially from vegetable oils may have one or more properties related to the environmental impact of the vegetable oils, which may be represented by environmental attributes.

[0095] The chemical production network 206 may include multiple processing steps linked to one another. The chemical production network 206 may be an integrated chemical production network having connected or interconnected production chains. The chemical production network 104 may include multiple different production chains having at least one intermediate product in common. The chemical production network 206 may include multiple stages of the chemical product value chain. The chemical production network 206 may include refining, processing and / or purification of vegetable oils. The chemical production network 206 may include a hydrolysis plant connected to multiple production chains that produce chemical products from the wastewater of a hydrolysis plant. The chemical production network 206 may include multiple production chains that produce chemical products leaving the chemical production network 206 from one or more vegetable oils. The chemical production network 206 may include multiple layers of the chemical value chain. The chemical production network 206 may include physically connected or interconnected supply chains and / or production sites. The production sites may be in the same location or in different locations. In the latter case, production sites may be connected or interconnected by dedicated transportation systems such as pipelines, supply chain vehicles like trucks, ships, or other means of freight transport.

[0096] The chemical production network 206 can chemically convert input materials such as vegetable oil into one or more chemical products that exit the chemical production network via chemical intermediates.

[0097] Input materials can be supplied to the chemical production network 206 at any input point. Input materials can also be supplied to the chemical production network 206 at the beginning of the chemical production network 206. Input materials can, for example, constitute the raw materials for a hydrolysis plant.

[0098] A chemical production network 206 may include multiple production steps. The production steps included in a chemical production network 104 may be defined by the system boundary of the chemical production network 206. The system boundary may be defined by the location or control of the production process. The system boundary may be defined by the locations of the chemical production network 206. The system boundary may be defined by a production process jointly controlled by one or more entities. The system boundary may be defined by a value chain having a time-staggered production process to the final product, and this value chain may be individually controlled by multiple entities. The chemical production network 206 may include a hydrolysis step, a separation step to separate the product of one process step, and further processing steps to convert such product into a chemical product that leaves the system boundary of the chemical production network 206.

[0099] The chemical production network 206 may be associated with an operating system 202. The operating system 202 may be a digital operating system configured to collect, store, manage, and interpret a wide range of production and / or business data for the chemical production network 206. The operating system 202 may be part of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Alternatively, the operating system 202 may be partially implemented in an ERP system, or partially implemented in one or more additional systems coupled to the ERP system. The operating system 202 may also be implemented in one or more systems outside of the ERP system.

[0100] Input materials 204 and 208 may be supplied to the chemical production network 206 at the feed-in point 212. The input materials may include conventional raw materials 204 (e.g., conventional vegetable oils) and vegetable oils 208 associated with environmental attributes. The vegetable oils 208 associated with environmental attributes may include vegetable oils of sustainable origin (e.g., sustainable palm oil, sustainable palm kernel oil, sustainable coconut oil). After they are delivered to the chemical production network 206, the conventional input materials 204 and the sustainable input materials 208 may be combined when they enter the chemical production process (e.g., by being supplied to the same tank).

[0101] Input data for sustainable input materials 208 may be provided to the operating system 202 in 216. For example, an item receipt (and / or BOM and / or chemical production recipe) containing vegetable oil data for each sustainable vegetable oil may be provided electronically to the operating system 202 when the sustainable material 208 is delivered to the chemical production network 206. The operating system 202 may receive vegetable oil data 216 through an interface to any computing system or device, such as a local or remote database or an ERP system, particularly its supply chain module or a central or distributed computing system or device including processing and storage. The operating system 202 may receive vegetable oil data via a distributed network, as described in relation to Figures 8A and 8B. Input data for each input material may therefore be collected from any computing system or device, such as an ERP system or a central or distributed computing system or device including processing and storage. In some cases, input data for each input material may be collected in two or more databases through an interface. Therefore, it may be necessary to convert the information obtained from different databases into a single format in order to enable further processing. In particular, input material data obtained from the database may be attributed to input materials via input material identification information in the database, which must be converted into input material identification information for process data used in the process according to this disclosure.

[0102] The operating system 202 may initiate a virtual production step after receiving vegetable oil data for sustainable material 208. Virtual production may refer to receiving vegetable oil data for sustainable vegetable oil, generating environmental attributes (based on sustainable vegetable oil), and generating conventional vegetable oil data (e.g., data describing the corresponding quantities and / or values ​​of conventional vegetable oil).

[0103] For example, referring to Figures 2 and 3, the operating system 202 may initiate a virtual production process 300 upon receiving sustainable input vegetable oil data (e.g., 216). Using the vegetable oil data 216, the virtual production process 300 may analyze the vegetable oil data and apply a corresponding recipe. For example, the virtual production process 300 may determine the volume (or mass) and type of sustainable vegetable oil received from the vegetable oil data. The virtual production process 300 may then apply a virtual production step 304 to the sustainable vegetable oil 302. The virtual production step 304 may "produce" or generate both the environmental attribute 306 and the conventional vegetable oil 308. The amount of conventional vegetable oil 308 (virtually) generated may be equal to the amount of sustainable vegetable oil 302. Referring again to Figure 2, after the virtual production process, the operating system 202 may enter the amount of conventional raw materials created by the virtual production process into a digital inventory (which may also be called a virtual balancing account) 218.

[0104] The operating system 202 may determine the quantity (e.g., volume and / or mass) and value of the sustainable vegetable oil 208. For example, the operating system 202 may analyze the vegetable oil data 216 to determine the quantity of sustainable vegetable oil 208 received. The operating system 202 may then provide such data to the attribute management system 220.

[0105] The attribute management system 220 may determine token units based on environmental attributes such as the sustainable origin of the vegetable oil. For example, the attribute management system 220 may determine token units based on a set of rules that associate environmental attributes with token units. The attribute management system 220 may convert environmental attributes into balancing units. The attribute management system 220 may determine token units based on balancing units. The balancing units may be determined based on a conversion factor. The conversion factor may be associated with the amount of vegetable oil.

[0106] For example, the attribute management system 220 may determine token units based on a set of rules that associate balancing units with token units. The attribute management system 220 may generate transaction data 222 and provide the generated transaction data 222 to a distributed ledger network 224, such as the distributed ledger network 224 described in relation to Figures 4A-4C and 11A. The transaction data may include a new token object that defines a token name, token description, token symbol, the number of decimal places to which each unit of the token can be subdivided, an initial quantity of tokens (e.g., initial units), an address associated with the operating system, and a token control function that defines one or more functions of the token, such as mint function, burn function, transfer function, approve function and / or balancing function. The new token object may be generated based on an existing token template. Token templates may include templates for (1) fungible assets with variable supply (i.e., assets that are not unique but are interchangeable), (2) fungible assets with fixed supply, (3) non-fungible assets with variable supply (i.e., unique assets), and (4) non-fungible assets with fixed supply. Token templates may include control functions. By using token templates to generate transaction data, the token creation process can be simplified, and all necessary token control functions are included in the generated token to ensure that the token can be handled as desired.

[0107] Transaction data may include a first address associated with operating system 202, a second address associated with operating system 202, and units of tokens to be transferred. Transaction data may be provided to the distributed ledger network as described above. When a transaction is executed, the quantity of tokens specified in the transaction data is transferred from the first address to the second address or further addresses. Thus, the balance of the first address decreases by the amount specified in the transaction data, and the balance of the second address increases by the same amount. This makes it possible to transfer previously minted units of tokens to further addresses.

[0108] Transaction data may be signed by a private key associated with the operating system 202. The generated transaction data may be provided to a node of the distributed ledger network 224 for token deployment (e.g., creation) (see, for example, Figure 11A). The token may be created at the address specified in the transaction data. Thus, after the successful deployment of the token, the balance at the address specified in the transaction data will hold the token in the quantity specified in the transaction data. The generated transaction data may be provided to a node of the distributed ledger network for the transfer of a specified unit of the token from a specified first address to a specified second address.

[0109] The distributed ledger network 224 can be a permissioned distributed ledger network. Therefore, access to the distributed ledger network can be controlled by the organization operating the distributed ledger network. For example, access to the distributed ledger network and access to data stored within the distributed ledger network can be based on access policies. This prevents transactions associated with token generation performed when vegetable oil is fed into the chemical production network 206 from being visible to each participant in the product ecosystem, and thus prevents other participants in the product ecosystem from gaining insights into the production process performed within the chemical production network 206. Transaction data 222 can be generated based on the determined token units. The distributed ledger network 224 can be a blockchain as described in relation to Figure 11A. The distributed ledger network 224 can process the received transaction data. When the transaction associated with transaction data 222 is successfully completed, the token and associated token units 226 can be generated at an address associated with account 228 in the distributed ledger network 224. Account 228 can be associated with the operating system 202. The token unit 226 may be linked to an environmental attribute associated with the vegetable oil 208. Upon successful completion of the transaction associated with the transaction data 222, the token unit may be transferred from a first address in the distributed ledger network 224 to a second address associated with account 228 in the operating system 202.

[0110] Addresses associated with account 228 can be considered virtual balancing accounts or digital environmental attribute inventories. Addresses can hold credits in the form of token units linked to one or more environmental attributes. Tokens can be distinguished from one another via their metadata, as tokens can be associated with metadata indicating the environmental attribute to which they are linked. Therefore, tokens associated with different environmental attributes can be assigned to a single address, thus reducing the need for different addresses for tokens associated with different environmental attributes, and thus reducing the complexity of the virtual balancing system. Addresses can be associated with entities operating a chemical production network. Addresses can be associated with metadata identifying the environmental attributes linked to the tokens and associated units allocated to the address. Addresses can be associated with metadata identifying the production chain to which the address is associated. Addresses can be associated with metadata identifying the inputs or chemical products to which the address is associated. Metadata can be stored in a database associated with the operating system and used to determine the appropriate address for allocating units of tokens to chemical product identifiers. Addresses can be part of a virtual balancing system containing multiple addresses. Addresses can hold units of tokens for transactions. Token units, and therefore environmental attributes linked to tokens, can be transferred to (e.g., added to) or transferred from (e.g., deducted from) an address. Addresses can be associated with allocation schemes such as segregated allocation, non-segregated allocation like book-and-claim, mass balance with free attribution, mass balance without free attribution, or a combination thereof.

[0111] The operating system 202 or attribute management system 220 may determine the value associated with a token unit assigned to an address in account 228. For example, the operating system 202 or attribute management system 220 may determine the value of a token unit by calculating the cost difference between sustainable vegetable oil 208 and a corresponding equivalent conventional vegetable oil. The operating system 202 may determine the cost of an equivalent amount of fossil input material using the average price, actual price, market price, or other appropriate value. The operating system 202 may store and track values ​​corresponding to sustainable input materials in a digital inventory (not shown). For example, a token unit assigned to an address in account 228 may be associated with a digital inventory containing value information corresponding to vegetable oil 208.

[0112] The operating system 202 may include a merger system 232 that creates sustainable chemical products by combining token units with data stored in a conventional product digital inventory. Referring to Figures 4A to 4C, the operating system 202 may process orders for products 234 to 242 received from customers. If a customer purchases conventional chemical products 234 to 240, the operating system 202 may process the purchase using the conventional product digital inventory 230.

[0113] However, if a customer purchases a sustainable chemical product 242 (for example, a chemical product associated with one or more environmental attributes), the operating system 202 may instruct the merger system 232 to combine a token unit assigned to an address in account 228 with conventional product data stored in the digital inventory 230. The merger system 232 may generate one or more further tokens (see Figure 4A) that define (or specify) a sustainable product from the combination of the token unit and conventional product data (for example, using the combining or bundling logic 404). The merger system 232 may create sustainable chemical products as shown in Figures 4A to 4C. Thus, the operating system 202 enables the chemical production network 206 to efficiently create multiple sustainable chemical products from input chemical materials, including sustainable vegetable oils, which are combined with conventional input materials in a large-scale, interconnected chemical production network.

[0114] Figure 4A illustrates a merger system for producing sustainable chemical products, including the use of non-fungible tokens. The merger system 232 may be part of the operating system 202 described in relation to Figure 2. The operating system 202 may receive order data associated with customer orders for chemical products. The order data may include data indicating the chemical products to be purchased, such as the chemical product ID and / or name and / or order number, and environmental attributes associated with the ordered chemical products. The operating system 202 may parse the order data to determine data related to the chemical products and target environmental attributes. The operating system 202 may generate a chemical product identifier associated with the ordered chemical products. The operating system 202 may provide the chemical product identifier and target environmental attributes to the merger system 232.

[0115] The merger system 232 may select at least one attribution rule to attribute units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes to a chemical product, based on the provided target environmental attributes. The merger system 232 may determine the units of tokens based on the attribution rule. The units of tokens may be determined by the joining or bundling logic 404 of the merger system 232.

[0116] The merger system 232 may generate transaction data 408 for determined units of tokens. The transaction data may include a new token object that defines the determined units of each token, environmental attributes associated with each token (such as certificate data associated with the sustainable origin of raw materials used to produce the chemical product), a provided chemical product identifier, an address associated with the operating system, and token control functions that define one or more functions of each token, such as mint, burn, transfer, approve, and / or balancing functions. The new token object may be generated based on an existing token template. The transaction data may be signed with a private key associated with the operating system 202. The transaction data may be generated by a decentralized application running on the merger system 232. Referring to Figure 11A, the merger system 232 may be a peer-to-peer module containing an API configured to interface with peer-to-peer nodes of the distributed ledger network 224. Referring to Figure 11A, the merger system 232 may be a peer-to-peer node containing the aforementioned peer-to-peer application. The merger system 232 may provide the transaction data to the distributed ledger network 224. The distributed ledger network 224 may be a peer-to-peer network as described in relation to Figure 11A. The distributed ledger network 224 may be a blockchain network. One or more nodes of the distributed ledger network may validate received transaction data and add a new block to an existing blockchain containing the transaction data. Validation may include checking the signature of the transaction data. Validation may result in the creation of one or more additional tokens 418, such as non-fungible tokens, at the address specified in the transaction data (e.g., address 406).

[0117] Transaction data 408 may include the determined units of the token, environmental attributes associated with each token (such as certificate data associated with the sustainable origin of the raw materials used to produce the chemical product), the provided chemical product identifier, and the address associated with the third party. At least a portion of the transaction data, such as the determined units of the token and the address associated with the third party, may be provided to the distributed ledger network 224 as described above. Further portions of the transaction data may be provided to a third party that generates one or more tokens on behalf of the entity operating the chemical production network 206. For example, further portions may include the chemical product identifier. Based on the received units of the token and further portions of the transaction data, the third party may create transaction data as described above to generate one or more further tokens. The one or more further tokens 418 created may be assigned to the third party's address and transferred from said address to address 406 or account 228 associated with the operating system 202. One or more further tokens may be created directly at address 406 or account 228.

[0118] One or more non-fungible tokens 418 may be uniquely associated with a chemical product via a chemical product identifier, as shown in Figure 4A. One or more non-fungible tokens 418 may be provided as digital assets when a physical chemical product 242 is provided to a chemical product consumer who ordered the chemical product. Providing non-fungible tokens 418 may involve transferring the non-fungible tokens from an address 406 or account 228 associated with the operating system 202 to an address associated with the chemical product consumer via a transaction recorded within the distributed ledger network 224 (see also Figure 11C).

[0119] Figure 4B illustrates a merger system for producing sustainable chemicals, including the use of addresses associated with chemical product identifiers. In contrast to the example in Figure 4A, the merger system 232 may transfer a determined unit of tokens to address 412 associated with chemical product identifier 414. The address may be associated with account 228. For example, multiple addresses 416 may be generated based on a seed phrase associated with account 228. Each generated address may be associated with a chemical product identifier. The link between the generated address 412 and the chemical product identifier may be stored in a database (not shown) of the merger system 232. Upon receiving a chemical product identifier, the merger system 232 may retrieve the respective address from the database and generate transaction data to transfer a unit of token from the address associated with account 228 to address 412. The transaction data may include the unit of token and address 412. The transaction data may be provided to the distributed ledger network 224 for transaction execution. The transaction data may be generated by a distributed application running on the merger system 232, as described in relation to Figure 4A.

[0120] The distributed ledger network 224 can be a permissioned distributed ledger network, as described in relation to Figure 2. This makes it possible to ensure the necessary level of privacy and security regarding the generation of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil, because such token generation provides insights into production processes carried out within the chemical production network, which are to be kept confidential by the entity operating such a chemical production network.

[0121] When a physical chemical product 242 is provided to a customer, the units of tokens assigned to address 412 may be transferred to the address on the distributed ledger 224 associated with the customer of the chemical product 242.

[0122] Figure 4C illustrates a merger system for producing sustainable chemicals, including the use of a vault address to lock and unlock units of tokens linked to environmental attributes, such as certificate data associated with the sustainable origin of raw materials used to produce chemical products. In contrast to the examples shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the merger system 232 may lock determined units of tokens at vault address 422. The vault address may include an executable that can be invoked by a transaction to the (unique) communication address of the executable (e.g., vault address 422). The executable may allow locking units of tokens using a secret. The secret may include, for example, a hash of a chemical product identifier.

[0123] To lock a determined unit of tokens, the merger system 232 may generate transaction data 420. Transaction data may be generated by a decentralized application running on the merger system 232, as described in relation to Figure 4A. Transaction data may include a determined unit of tokens, a secret, and a vault address. Transaction data may be provided to the distributed ledger network 224 as described above. When the transaction associated with the transaction data is executed, the unit of tokens is deducted from the address associated with account 228 and locked at vault address 422.

[0124] The secret and vault address for unlocking token units may be provided to the customer using a product passport, for example, as described in relation to Figures 8A and 8B. Using the secret, the customer can generate transaction data to unlock token units locked at vault address 422. Thus, the digital assets associated with the physical chemical product 242 may be provided to the chemical product customer via the secret and vault address.

[0125] The distributed ledger network 224 can be a permissioned distributed ledger network, as described in relation to Figure 2. This makes it possible to ensure the necessary level of privacy and security regarding the generation of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil, because such token generation provides insights into the production processes carried out within the chemical production network, which are to be kept confidential by the entity operating such a chemical production network.

[0126] As shown in Figures 4A to 4C, the principle ensures that units of tokens representing environmental attributes assigned to chemical products (such as certificate data associated with the sustainable origin of raw materials used to produce the chemical product) are deducted from the available units of tokens generated from the environmental attributes associated with the input materials. This ensures that customer orders for chemical products and their environmental attributes can be fulfilled. In addition, the remaining environmental attributes are made transparent through the balance of token units assigned to the address in account 228. Any token units remaining at the address in account 228 can be used to produce further chemical products associated with the environmental attributes of vegetable oil. The remaining token units can be provided to third parties who request environmental attributes for chemical products produced from such vegetable oil. Thus, token units can be traded as digital currency, enabling the flexible production of environmentally associated chemical products according to customer needs through several chemical productions, without the need to procure the input materials associated with the required environmental attributes. This avoids supply shortages resulting from the limited availability of vegetable oil associated with the required environmental attributes.

[0127] Figure 5 shows an example of converting environmental attributes associated with vegetable oils into token units and assigning such token units to different chemical products produced using such vegetable oils. Based on the non-limiting example in Figure 5, raw materials of sustainable origin may be supplied to the hydrolysis plant 502 of the chemical production network 206. For illustrative purposes, the following input materials may be supplied to the hydrolysis plant 502 in the following amounts: • 90 kg of sustainably sourced input materials (such as sustainable palm oil), • 10 kg of input materials from unsustainable sources (such as unsustainable palm oil).

[0128] When these input materials are supplied to the hydrolysis plant 502, they enter the chemical production network. The environmental attributes of sustainably sourced input materials can be determined as described in relation to Figure 2. Based on the determined environmental attributes, units of tokens linked to such environmental attributes can be determined, and transaction data can be generated for such determined units of tokens as described in relation to Figure 2. When the transaction associated with such transaction data is executed by the distributed ledger network, the units of tokens can be created or assigned to an address associated with the operating system 202 of the chemical production network 206. The units of tokens can be determined based on the amount of each vegetable oil. In this example, the environmental attribute "sustainable origin" from sustainable palm oil may correspond to 90 units of sustainable origin tokens. In this example, a simplified weight-based method is used for illustrative purposes only. Other methods may be based on energy, atomic counts such as carbon atoms, molecular counts, or include losses incurred in production.

[0129] The hydrolysis plant 502 may produce fatty acids that can be further processed and chemically converted. In an exemplary example, 10 kg of fatty acids, 40 kg of fatty acid esters 510, and 50 kg of fatty acid ethoxylates 512 may be supplied to the exit point of the chemical production network 206 as products of the hydrolysis plant 502. In the production of such products, 90 kg of sustainably sourced inputs were used, and token units associated with such sustainable inputs and stored in addresses associated with the operating system 202 may be assigned to such chemical products. For example, 40 units of sustainable source tokens may be assigned to the aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate, which corresponds to a 100% sustainably sourced content, and 50 token units of sustainable source tokens may be assigned to the fatty acid ethoxylate, which also corresponds to a 100% sustainably sourced content. In another example, only a portion of the 90 token units associated with the 90 kg of sustainable inputs may be assigned to the fatty alcohol ethoxylate and / or fatty acid ethoxylate, resulting in unused token units available in the address. Such unused token units can be allocated to further chemical products produced by the chemical production network 206, or they can be transferred to the environmental attribute platform 114, as described in relation to Figure 1.

[0130] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary supply chain for palm oil and palm kernel oil, from production to the manufacture of the final product delivered to the end product user 108 through a retailer. Any other vegetable oil production, such as coconut oil production, olive oil production, or rapeseed oil production, is equally applicable and is not intended to limit the scope of the fundamental concepts outlined herein, as illustrated only by the example of palm oil and palm kernel oil.

[0131] Palm oil can be extracted from the pulp of palm fruit. Palm kernel oil can be extracted from the seeds or kernels of palm fruit. Oil palm fruit clusters (FFBs) can be harvested from cultivation by palm oil companies or supplied to said companies by third-party suppliers. The harvested FFBs can then be transported to a crusher to extract raw palm oil (CPO). Raw palm oil can be extracted from the pulp of fresh palm fruit by pressing and centrifugal separation. Raw palm oil extraction can be carried out using fresh palm fruit to avoid deterioration of the palm oil. The palm kernels obtained as a result of the crushing process can be transported to a pressing company. The company can press the palm kernels to extract palm kernel oil. The raw palm kernel oil can then be transported to traders.

[0132] Oils extracted from the fruit and / or kernel, such as CPO and raw palm kernel oil, may be traded by traders. These traders may purchase oils extracted by crushers and / or presses and sell them to refineries or chemical producers 104. Chemical producers 104 may operate chemical production networks, such as the chemical production network 206 described in relation to Figure 2. Chemical producers 104 may produce chemical products using oils provided by traders, for example, as described in relation to Figure 1. The received oils may be associated with vegetable oil data, such as that described in relation to Figure 2. Vegetable oil data may include certification data. Certification data may indicate that the oil production (e.g., cultivation, transport, crushing, pressing, refining) was carried out in accordance with specified production standards, as described in relation to Figure 1. Certification data may be prepared by an independent body that guarantees that certification standards are met and may be provided to palm oil and palm kernel oil producers. For example, oil data may include RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) certification data. Vegetable oil data may be collected by chemical product producers 104, as described, for example, in relation to Figures 8A and 8B.

[0133] A refinery may refine vegetable oils, such as CPO and raw palm kernel oil, by various processes to remove undesirable impurities that may adversely affect the physical appearance, quality, oxidative stability, and / or shelf life of the vegetable oil. Refining may include steps of bleaching, deodorizing / deacidifying, and fractional distillation to obtain oil fractions such as palm olein and stearin. The refined product may then be transported to a chemical producer 104 as described above.

[0134] Chemical products produced by chemical producer 104 may be supplied to chemical consumer 106. Chemical consumer 106 may, at least partially, produce further products, such as additional chemical products or individual products, from the chemical products received from chemical producer 104, as described in relation to Figure 1. Environmental attributes associated with the supplied chemical products may be provided by chemical producer 104, as described in relation to Figure 1.

[0135] A chemical product consumer 106 may produce a final product from chemical products received from a chemical product producer 104. The final product may include cosmetics such as lipstick, shower gel, and shampoo. Such cosmetics may contain one or more chemical products received from the chemical product producer 104. Such a final product may be associated with environmental attributes (see Figure 1). Such environmental attributes may be provided to the final product user 108, as described in relation to Figure 1.

[0136] The final product, produced from palm oil and palm kernel oil as raw materials, may be supplied to retailers, who may then sell the final product to final product users 108.

[0137] Figure 7 shows an example of a chemical production network associated with a different allocation scheme. The allocation scheme can be used to allocate the use of vegetable oils associated with environmental attributes (such as sustainable origin) to chemical products produced by the chemical production network.

[0138] A chemical production network may include multiple production chains using different allocation schemes. The system boundaries of a chemical production network may be defined by input points to and exit points from the chemical production network. A production chain may be defined by the chemical products produced through such a production chain. Production chain logic may be based on process data associated with process steps from input materials to chemical products. For each production chain, an allocation scheme may be applicable (and an applicable allocation scheme may be assigned to the production chain). In addition, for each production chain, a balancing system (e.g., an address associated with a distributed ledger network) may be applicable, or the production chain logic may be incorporated into the attribution rules.

[0139] Accounting principles for allocating the use of sustainably sourced ingredients are defined, for example, in ISO 22095. Four different control chain models may be used: the identity preservation model, the segregation model, the mass balance model, or the book-and-claims model.

[0140] In the separation model, the production chain for producing chemical products from conventional vegetable oils and the production chain for producing chemical products from vegetable oils of sustainable origins are separated and, for example, not interconnected. The first and second production chains produce chemical products based on conventional sources and sustainable sources, respectively.

[0141] The mass balancing model considers the physical mixing or simultaneous supply of sustainably sourced vegetable oils and conventional vegetable oils. Here, the supply to the production network and the supply of the output products form the system boundaries. The mass balance between vegetable oils and chemical products links the sustainably sourced vegetable oils used with the output products produced. Mass balancing allows for the tracking of the total amount of vegetable oil (e.g., sustainably sourced vegetable oils) throughout the entire production network and its allocation to chemical products. Materials with different specified sets of properties may be mixed. For example, sustainably sourced raw materials are replaced at the beginning of the value chain with equivalent amounts of conventional raw materials (input materials) and allocated to products (chemical products) so that the inputs and outputs match. In this model, the proportion of inputs with specified properties may only match the initial proportion on average and will typically change with different outputs. This means, for example, that sustainably sourced vegetable oils and conventional vegetable oils are mixed, and the chemical or technical proportions of each chemical product are not tracked.

[0142] The mass balance may include conversion factors to ensure a correlation between the amount of vegetable oil and the amount of chemical products. The calculation may be performed over a predetermined or specified time period. The mass balance may be based on balancing units such as mass, energy, or carbon.

[0143] In a book-and-claims scheme, characteristic vegetable oils with sustainable origins are not linked to the actual material flow. Book-and-claims decouples specific characteristics, such as sustainable origins, from the physical product, allowing these characteristics to be transferred separately in the form of digital assets via a dedicated registry. Book-and-claims may be based on book-and-claims accounting units, such as the volume or mass of vegetable oils with sustainable origins. Such a scheme can be used when units of tokens are obtained from the environmental attribute platform 114, as described in relation to Figure 1.

[0144] Figure 8A shows an exemplary embodiment of a decentralized network environment. The decentralized network environment may include a decentralized participant network 822. The decentralized participant network 822 may include one or more decentralized network participants 104, 106, 802, 804, and 806. The decentralized network participants may be part of a product ecosystem, including chemical products. The product ecosystem may include a production chain that produces the final product. The product ecosystem may include a recycling chain that recycles at least a portion of the end-of-life products. The product ecosystem may include a vegetable oil supplier 802, a chemical product producer 104, a chemical product consumer 106, an end-of-life product user 108, an EOL product collector 804, a recycler 806, and a vegetable oil supplier 802. The decentralized participant network 822 may represent the product ecosystem. The product ecosystem may enable the use of materials obtained from the recycling of end-of-life products to produce new products, such as chemical products. The product ecosystem may be associated with the production and / or recycling of physical products. Products may be chemical products, intermediate chemical products, components, component assemblies, finished products, used products, or recycled products.

[0145] Participants in the decentralized participant network 822 may be associated with the production and / or recycling of products. Decentralized network participants 104, 106, 802, 804, and 806 may refer to manufacturers of physical products such as vegetable oil suppliers 802, chemical product producers 104, and chemical product consumers 106, users of physical goods such as end-of-life product collectors 108 and EOL product collectors 804, and / or recyclers 806, as well as participants in the recycling chain associated with physical products. Decentralized network participants may be associated with decentralized participant identifiers. Decentralized participant identifiers can uniquely identify decentralized network participants within the decentralized participant network 822.

[0146] Participants in the distributed participant network 822 may be connected via material flows 824. A material flow 824 may correspond to a flow of products from one participant in the distributed participant network 822 to a downstream participant in the distributed participant network 822. A material flow 824 may refer to a continuous or discontinuous flow of products. A product flow may include any means of transport suitable for transporting products from one participant to a downstream participant. Means of transport may include pipes, containers, barrels, and packages. A material flow 824 may be associated with raw materials used to produce chemical products, such as raw vegetable oil. Raw materials may be provided to a chemical producer 104 for the production of chemical products and / or intermediate chemical products.

[0147] At least some of the participants in the distributed participant network 822 may be associated with distributed participant network nodes 810-820. Distributed participant nodes 810-820 may be under the control of each distributed participant associated with each distributed participant node. Distributed participant nodes 810-820 may form a distributed network 828. Distributed network 828 may be a peer-to-peer communication network. Distributed network 828 may be configured to execute data transactions 826. Data transactions 826 may be based on a transaction protocol that includes an authentication and / or authorization mechanism. Based on the authentication and / or authorization mechanism, peer-to-peer communication may be established between distributed network nodes 810-820 associated with distributed network participants 104, 106, 802, 804, and 806. One or more authentication mechanisms may be associated with or linked to a distributed identifier, as described in relation to Figure 8B. One or more authentication mechanisms associated with a distributed identifier may be accessible by distributed data-providing network nodes and / or distributed data-consuming network nodes, as described in relation to Figure 8B. The distributed configuration enables more efficient use of computing resources and enhances control by data owners of the distributed network.

[0148] Data transactions between participating nodes in a distributed network may be based on a distributed identifier associated with each product data to be accessed, as illustrated in relation to Figure 8B, for example. The distributed identifier may be uniquely associated with the physical entity of a product and its associated product data. The distributed identifier may uniquely identify each product within the distributed network. The distributed identifier may be associated with further distributed identifiers, such as the distributed identifier of the product used to produce the product. This may make it possible to track the product used to produce a product, such as the final product. The distributed identifier may be included in a digital access element associated with a product, as illustrated in relation to Figure 8B, for example.

[0149] Data flows 826 (e.g., transactions) between distributed network participant nodes may be directly or indirectly associated with material flows 824 between distributed network participants. For example, if data associated with vegetable oil supplied from vegetable oil supplier 802 to chemical producer 104 is accessed by a distributed data consumption network node (such as node 812) associated with the chemical producer 104, then data flows 826 may be directly associated with material flows 824. For example, if data associated with chemical products produced by chemical producer 104 is accessed by a distributed data consumption network node (such as node 820) associated with recycler 806, then data flows 826 may be indirectly associated with material flows 824.

[0150] The distributed participant nodes 810-820 may be distributed computing nodes. A "distributed computing node" can be any device or system that includes at least one physical, tangible processor and physical, tangible memory capable of having computer executable instructions executed by the processor. The memory may be in any form and depends on the nature and form of the computing node.

[0151] At least some of the distributed participant nodes 810-820 may be distributed data serving network nodes. At least some of the participant nodes 810-820 may be distributed data consumption network nodes. Participants in the distributed participant network 822 may be associated with distributed data serving network nodes and / or distributed data consumption network nodes, depending on whether the data is provided to downstream participants and / or consumed by upstream participants. For example, vegetable oil supplier 802 may be associated with a distributed data serving network node configured to provide vegetable oil data to a downstream participant (e.g., chemical producer 104), as described, for example, in relation to Figure 8B. Additionally or alternatively, chemical producer 104 may be associated with a distributed data consumption network node configured to access data associated with recycled input materials produced by an upstream participant (e.g., vegetable oil supplier 802).

[0152] The distributed network 828 may include further distributed network nodes. These further distributed network nodes may be distributed infrastructure service nodes (not shown in Figure 8A). Distributed infrastructure service nodes may not be associated with any product ecosystem participants. Distributed infrastructure service nodes may provide services for distributed network participant nodes 810-820, such as verifying the identity of the distributed network participant nodes 810-820 before performing data exchange. Distributed network participant nodes 810-820 may be associated with or include a certificate, such as an X.509 certificate. The certificate may be associated with a distributed infrastructure service node that includes, for example, a certificate issuance service and / or a dynamic provisioning service that provides dynamic attribute tokens (e.g., OAuth access tokens). In this way, distributed network participant nodes 116-124 have a unique identifier embedded in the X.509 certificate that identifies each of the distributed network participant nodes 810-820. The information required for certificate verification may be provided through an authentication registry associated with the certificate issuance service and / or the dynamic provisioning service. For example, in version 3.0 of the IDSA Reference Architecture Model from April 2019, prior to the execution of data exchange, distributed data serving network nodes, certificate authorities (CAs), dynamic attribute provisioning services (DAPS) associated with the data owner, and distributed data consumption network nodes associated with the data consumer are used to verify the identity (not shown).

[0153] Figure 8B illustrates the exchange of input data associated with input materials provided to a chemical production network via a decentralized peer-to-peer network. Access to the input data twin may be requested by a decentralized data consumption service associated with an entity in the decentralized network 822 (see Figure 8A). The entity may be a chemical product producer 104 that receives input materials from a vegetable oil supplier 802 and / or a recycler 806 (see Figure 8A). An input material 204 may be associated with a digital twin containing input data. The digital twin may include a decentralized identifier and digital twin data. The input data may include one or more environmental attributes associated with the input material. For example, an input material such as pyrolysis oil received from a recycler 806 may be associated with the environmental attribute "recycled" and waste type "tire". The environmental attribute "recycled" and waste type "tire" may be included within the input data. For example, an input material such as vegetable oil received from a vegetable oil supplier 802 may be associated with the environmental attribute "sustainable origin" and vegetable oil type "palm oil". Input materials may be associated with digital access elements generated during or after the production of the input materials. Digital access elements may be associated with a digital twin or a portion thereof. Digital access elements may include a distributed passport identifier and digital twin location data. The distributed passport identifier may correspond to or be associated with the distributed identifier of the digital twin. Digital twin location data may include a digital representation pointing to the digital twin or a portion thereof. Digital access elements may further include or be associated with authentication and / or authorization information linked to the distributed passport identifier. Authentication and / or authorization information may be provided for authentication and / or authorization of the distributed data providing network node 812 and / or the distributed data consuming network node 812. Digital access elements may be provided to the distributed registry 842. The distributed registry 842 may store the distributed passport identifier and associated digital twin location data.

[0154] Input material 208 produced by vegetable oil supplier 802 and / or recycler 806 may be provided to chemical producer 104 along with a digital access element. Chemical producer 104 may process the input material to produce further chemical products, as described, for example, in relation to Figures 1 and 2. Input material 208 may be associated with a code, such as a barcode or QR code, which encodes a distributed passport identifier. Chemical producer 104 may read the code via a code reader 830. The code reader 830 may be a smartphone running a code reading application, such as a QR code reader app. Data obtained by the code reading application may be used to identify the distributed passport identifier. Data obtained by the code reading application may be used to determine the distributed identifier. Data obtained by the code reading application may be used to determine the input material identifier. Data obtained by the code reading application may be used to identify the digital twin location data. The distributed passport identifier, distributed identifier, input material identifier, and digital twin location data may be determined by the code reader 830. For example, the distributed passport identifier determined by the code reader 830 may be a DID, and the code reader 830 may be configured to retrieve the associated DID document containing the distributed digital twin identifier and digital twin location data, for example, using a DID resolver. In another example, the input material identifier is determined by the code reader 830 and used to retrieve the distributed passport identifier and associated digital twin location data from, for example, a database, distributed registry 842. Thus, the code reader 830 may be configured to retrieve the digital access element containing the distributed passport identifier and digital twin location data from the distributed registry 842. The code reader 830 may be configured to provide the distributed passport identifier and / or distributed identifier to a database, such as a database 848 associated with the chemical product producer 104.The code reader 830 may be configured to provide the determined distributed passport identifier, distributed identifier, and digital twin location data to the distributed data consumption network node 812.

[0155] The code reader 830 may be configured to display identified / acquired data on a user interface, as indicated by reference numeral 832. The user interface may display a determined distributed passport identifier (PP identifier), a determined distributed identifier (DT identifier), and determined digital twin location data (DT location). In this embodiment, the distributed passport identifier and the distributed identifier are different from each other. In another embodiment, the distributed passport identifier is equal to the distributed identifier. The user interface may further display a determined input material identifier (IP identifier). The user interface may also enable the acquisition of the digital twin or a portion thereof based on the distributed passport identifier and the digital twin location data, as described below. This process may be initiated by a button labeled "Access DT". When the button is pressed, the code reader 830 may send a request to access the digital twin or a portion thereof to the distributed data consumption network node 812.

[0156] A distributed data consumption network node 812 may generate a request to access digital twin data. The distributed data consumption network node 812 may generate a request based on data received from the code reader 830. For example, the distributed data consumption network node 812 may generate a request based on a distributed digital twin identifier received from the code reader 830. The distributed data consumption network node 812 may generate a request based on a distributed passport identifier and / or a distributed identifier provided to the database 218. For example, the distributed data consumption network node 812 may be configured to retrieve a distributed identifier and digital twin location data from the distributed registry 842 based on a distributed passport identifier stored in the database 848. A request generated by the distributed data consumption network node 812 may include a distributed identifier and a distributed participant identifier of the chemical producer 104 associated with the distributed data consumption network node 812. The request may include one or more actions to be performed on the digital twin data. The distributed data consumption network node 812 may be configured to determine which distributed data providing network node 812 is associated with the digital twin based on digital twin location data provided by the code reader 830 or obtained from the distributed registry 842.

[0157] The distributed data consumption network node 812 may send a request to access the digital twin to the determined distributed data providing network node 812, as indicated by arrow 834. The distributed data providing network node 812 may be associated with the vegetable oil supplier 802. The distributed data providing network node 812 may be associated with the vegetable oil supplier 802. The distributed data providing network node 812 may be associated with the chemical production that produces the input materials. The distributed data providing network node 812 may be associated with the data owner of the digital twin. In addition to the request, authentication and / or authorization information may be provided by the distributed data consumption network node 812.

[0158] Requests can be authenticated. Access to input material data can be authorized based on access policy data associated with the input material data. This makes it possible to filter distributed data consumption network nodes requesting access based on distributed participant identifiers associated with the network node, and to perform the requested action on the accessed data. If a request is not authorized, for example, if distributed data consumption network node 812 is not authorized to access the digital twin data, the peer-to-peer communication channel is terminated by distributed data provision network node 812, and the input material data is not provided.

[0159] If the request is approved, the distributed data providing network node 812 may initiate contract negotiations with the distributed data consuming network node 812 before providing input material data. The distributed data providing network node 812 may provide the distributed data consuming network node 812 with an electronic contract. The electronic contract may include one or more authorization rules associated with the distributed identifier. This allows data consumers to determine the access and usage conditions associated with the desired data. The distributed data providing network node 812 and the distributed data consuming network node 812 may be configured to negotiate and sign the electronic contract. The use of the electronic contract ensures that the distributed data consuming network node and any further systems handling the digital twin comply with one or more authorization rules associated with the digital twin. Once the electronic contract is signed, input material data may be collected and access rights may be applied to the collected data, as indicated by arrows 836 and 838. The input material data obtained as a result of applying access rights to the collected input material data can be provided to the distributed data consumption network node 812 by the distributed data provision network node 812, as indicated by arrow 840.

[0160] Input material data provided by the distributed data provision network node 812 can be stored in the database 218 associated with the distributed data consumption network node 812, according to the access data, as indicated by arrow 846.

[0161] Through distributed identifiers, input material data can be uniquely associated with the input material. A digital twin, or a portion thereof, can be transferred in a standardized and secure manner between the vegetable oil supplier 802 and / or the recycler 806 and the chemical product producer 104 via a distributed network, enabling the vegetable oil supplier 802 and / or the recycler 806 to control access to the input material data by multiple distributed data consumption network nodes within the distributed network. In this way, the unique association with the input material allows input material data, including environmental attributes, to be shared directly among stakeholders in the product ecosystem 822 without a central intermediary. This enables transparency of the digital twin and standardized, secure sharing of environmental attributes within the product ecosystem 822.

[0162] Figure 9 shows an example of a method for producing a chemical product associated with at least one environmental attribute. The chemical product may be produced by chemical production associated with chemical producer 2112. Chemical production may be a chemical production network as described in relation to Figure 2. This method may be executed by an operating system associated with chemical production. Chemical production may differ from a chemical production network that creates units of tokens when vegetable oil associated with an environmental attribute enters the chemical production network.

[0163] Environmental attributes may be associated with vegetable oil production data, as explained in relation to Figure 1, for example. Environmental attributes may be associated with or correspond to certificate data indicating the production of vegetable oil in accordance with predetermined production standards, as explained in relation to Figure 1, for example.

[0164] In block 902, units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil may be received at an address associated with the chemical production operating system. Units of tokens may be received from the environmental attribute platform 114, as described in relation to Figures 1 and 11B. Received units of tokens may be created by the chemical production network operating system when vegetable oil associated with environmental attributes is input, as described in relation to Figure 2. Received units of tokens may correspond to units that are not assigned to a chemical product and have been transferred to the environmental attribute platform 114, for example, as described in relation to Figure 1.

[0165] In block 904, a chemical product may be produced using chemical production from one or more vegetable oils. The vegetable oils may not be associated with environmental attributes. Producing a chemical product from vegetable oils may involve the use of vegetable oils in at least one production step associated with the production of the chemical product. Thus, vegetable oils may be used to produce intermediate chemical products, which in turn may be used to produce chemical products. The chemical product may be a chemical product as described in relation to Figure 1.

[0166] In block 906, a chemical product identifier and optionally at least one target environmental attribute may be provided for a chemical product. The chemical product identifier may be provided based on order data associated with an order for a chemical product received from a customer. The order data may include data indicating a chemical product. Such data indicating a chemical product may include a chemical product ID, chemical product name, order number, or a combination thereof. The order data may further include target environmental attributes desired by the customer. The order data may be received by the operating system 202. The operating system 202 may parse the order data to determine data indicating a chemical product and / or target environmental attribute. Based on the results of the data analysis, the operating system 202 may determine the chemical product identifier. The chemical product identifier may be associated with an environmental attribute. Based on the parsed data, the operating system 202 may provide an environmental attribute identifier associated with the target environmental attribute. The environmental attribute identifier and / or chemical product identifier may be associated with a defined unit of the token. The chemical product identifier may be associated with a chemical product class and / or a specific chemical product. A chemical product identifier may include a unique number uniquely associated with a chemical product class and / or a specific chemical product. A chemical product identifier may include one or more specific identifiers, such as a chemical product class identifier and / or a specific chemical product identifier. Such specific chemical product identifiers may be uniquely linked to a chemical product. For example, one or more characteristic identifiers may be uniquely linked to a chemical product identifier. A chemical product identifier may be uniquely linked to a specific chemical product. In this way, a chemical product may be uniquely linked to a digital twin of the chemical product that specifies a particular characteristic of the chemical product.

[0167] In block 908, at least one attribution rule for attributing tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to a chemical product may be selected based on a chemical product identifier and optionally on a target environmental attribute. The attribution rule may map environmental attribute types, such as vegetable oil of sustainable origin, to a chemical product identifier. The attribution rule may map environmental attribute types, such as vegetable oil of sustainable origin, to input material types, such as sustainable palm oil, palm kernel oil, or coconut oil, to a chemical product identifier. The attribution rule may map environmental attribute types, such as vegetable oil of sustainable origin, to production chains, such as esterification production chains, to a chemical product identifier. The attribution rule may map environmental attribute types, such as vegetable oil of sustainable origin, to attribution methods, such as mass balance with and without free attribution, to a chemical product identifier. The attribution rule may map environmental attribute types, such as vegetable oil of sustainable origin, to chemical product types, such as fatty acid esters, to a chemical product identifier.

[0168] At least one attribution rule may include instructions configured to select a unit of tokens. Depending on the chemical product and the vegetable oil used to produce such chemical product, different tokens may be accessible for the chemical product. The vegetable oil may be determined from a materials list containing the recipe for the production chain up to the chemical product. The production chain may include input materials that are introduced into the system boundary of chemical production at any stage. From the vegetable oil used to produce the chemical product, an accessible account associated with such vegetable oil type may be determined. For each accessible token, the accessible token unit may be determined from the address balance and the type of vegetable oil used to produce the chemical product. Such a determination may result in one or more tokens being accessible for the chemical product and target environmental attributes. For example, the target environmental attribute may refer to a sustainable origin unrelated to the type of vegetable oil. Thus, tokens for different vegetable oils may be accessible. Depending on the respective address balance, one or more combinations of tokens may be accessible. One combination of accessible tokens may be selected, for example, based on the combination with the best address balance. In this way, it is still possible to satisfy environmental attributes required by other, more stringent target environmental attributes.

[0169] In block 910, at least one address holding units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes may be determined via at least one selected attribution rule. The address may be associated with the operating system 202. The tokens assigned to the address may be tokens received in block 902. This block may further include determining units of tokens to be assigned to chemical product identifiers. The units of tokens may be determined based on selected attribution rules. The units of tokens may be determined based on the quantity of the chemical product and the chemical product identifier. The units of tokens may be determined based on the quantity of the chemical product and the environmental attribute identifier.

[0170] In block 912, at least one unit of a token linked to one or more environmental attributes may be assigned to a chemical product identifier. The assignment may be carried out as described, for example, in relation to Figures 4A-4C. The assignment is, - Check the balance of the address holding the tokens associated with the determined token unit, and if the balance is sufficient, assign the determined unit of tokens from the associated address to the chemical product identifier, and / or - Check that each token is associated with an input material used to produce a chemical product, and if each token is associated with an input material used in the chemical product production chain, assign the determined unit of the token from the address holding the unit to the chemical product identifier. It may include.

[0171] Figure 10 shows an example of a system for producing at least one chemical product associated with one or more environmental attributes, including an exemplary method for assigning at least one environmental attribute to at least one produced chemical product.

[0172] The system may include a chemical production 1004 configured to produce at least one chemical product using one or more vegetable oils. Chemical production 1004 may correspond to a chemical production network 206 described in relation to Figure 2. Vegetable oils may be provided as raw materials for chemical production 1004. The vegetable oils may be conventional vegetable oils, e.g., vegetable oils not associated with environmental attributes. The vegetable oils may be associated with undesirable environmental attributes, e.g., environmental attributes not desired by the entity operating chemical production 1004 and / or customers of such entity. The produced chemical products may be provided at the exit points of the chemical production network 206. The produced chemical products may be provided to chemical product consumers 106 (see, for example, Figures 6, 8A and 8B).

[0173] On the virtual layer, the operating system 1006 of chemical production 1004 may execute blocks 1014-1020. Blocks 1014-1020 may correspond to the method shown in Figure 9. Therefore, the operating system 1006 may execute the method shown in Figure 9 on the virtual layer. The operating system 1006 may be connected to a peer-to-peer network such as a distributed ledger network 224 associated with an environmental attribute platform 114 (not shown). The environmental attribute platform 114 may be a distributed application running on a node of the distributed ledger network 224. The distributed ledger network may be a distributed ledger network as described in relation to Figure 11A. The operating system may be associated with a peer-to-peer module configured to provide an API to the peer-to-peer network, as described, for example, in relation to Figure 11A. The operating system 202 may be configured to request units of tokens from the environmental attribute platform 114, as described, for example, in relation to Figure 11B.

[0174] The system shown in Figure 10 may therefore include a physical layer in which chemical products are produced from one or more vegetable oils and provided to the exit point of chemical production, and a virtual layer in which environmental attributes associated with such vegetable oils are assigned to the chemical products produced from such vegetable oils.

[0175] Figure 11A shows an example of a product ecosystem stakeholder network associated with a decentralized peer-to-peer network for exchanging environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil used as an input material for producing chemical products. The stakeholder network may be a decentralized stakeholder network 1130. The decentralized stakeholder network 1130 may include one or more decentralized network stakeholders 104, 106, 108, 112, 114, 1102, 1106, and 1108. The decentralized network stakeholders may be part of a product ecosystem including chemical products, as described in relation to Figure 8A.

[0176] Participants in the distributed participant network 1130 may be associated with the production and / or recycling of products. Distributed participant networks 104, 106, 108, 112, 114, 1102, 1106, and 1108 may refer to manufacturers of physical products, users of physical articles, and / or participants in the recycling chain associated with physical products, as described in relation to Figure 8A. Distributed participant networks may be associated with accounts in the distributed ledger network 224. Each account may be associated with at least one unique address. Accounts, and therefore addresses, may also uniquely identify distributed participant networks within the distributed participant network 1130.

[0177] Participants in the distributed participant network 1130 can be connected via the material flow 1132, as described in relation to Figure 8A.

[0178] At least some of the participants in the distributed participant network 1130 may be associated with distributed participant network nodes 1110-1124. The distributed participant nodes 1110-1124 may form a distributed ledger network 224. The distributed ledger network 224 may be a peer-to-peer network. A peer-to-peer network may not include a central instance and / or third-party organizations. Each node 1110-1124 and / or each participant 104, 106, 108, 112, 114, 1102, 1106, and 1108 of the peer-to-peer network 224 may be connectable to at least all other nodes of the peer-to-peer network 224 and / or participants in the distributed participant network 1130. For example, at least one physical standard network (wired and / or wireless) may be used for connectivity. Appropriate transceiver modules may be placed in each entity / device to communicate via at least one physical standard network. Nodes 2002 through 2102 may have equal privileges, which distinguishes them from a server-client structure.

[0179] Nodes 1110-1124 may contain peer-to-peer applications. The same peer-to-peer application may be implemented on each of the nodes 1110-1124; for example, each node may contain the same content, and the same code (including one or more executable means) may be executed on each node. The peer-to-peer application may preferably be a distributed ledger such as a blockchain. The distributed ledger may be examined by all participants 104, 106, 108, 112, 114, 1102, 1106, and 1108 of the peer-to-peer network 224. In one example, each of the nodes 1110-1124 may store the entire distributed ledger such as a blockchain. In another example, only a portion of the distributed ledger may be provided on a node (light node).

[0180] A peer-to-peer application may be configured to create tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with input materials. The peer-to-peer application may also be configured to transfer tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with input materials among participants in the decentralized network 1130.

[0181] Participants 104, 106, 108, 112, 114, 1102, 1106, and 1108 may run peer-to-peer applications on nodes 1110-1124. At least some of participants 104, 106, 108, 112, 114, 1102, 1106, and 1108 may be connected to the peer-to-peer network 224 via peer-to-peer modules. Peer-to-peer modules may be configured to communicate with at least the peer-to-peer network 224, i.e., nodes 1110-1124 of the peer-to-peer network 224. Thus, peer-to-peer modules may be participants in the peer-to-peer network 224. Peer-to-peer modules may not contain peer-to-peer applications. Such peer-to-peer modules may be configured to provide access to peer-to-peer applications, for example, via an API (Application Programming Interface). Such peer-to-peer modules (which are also nodes or light nodes) may include a distributed application and at least one API. Therefore, such a peer-to-peer module may have access to or be connected to a “gateway” that runs nodes (so-called remote nodes) such as nodes 1110-1124 of the peer-to-peer network. The peer-to-peer module may be configured to generate transaction data, for example, as described in relation to Figures 2 and 4A-4C. The peer-to-peer module may be configured to sign the generated transaction data using, for example, a secret key associated with each participant in network 1130. The peer-to-peer module may be configured to provide the generated transaction data to the peer-to-peer network 224 for processing. The peer-to-peer module may be configured to query the peer-to-peer network 224 for data. For example, the peer-to-peer module may be configured to retrieve data from the peer-to-peer network 224, such as a token unit stored in one or more addresses associated with the peer-to-peer module (e.g., the addresses of each participant running the peer-to-peer module).

[0182] The peer-to-peer network 224 may be configured to execute data transactions 1134. Such data transactions 1134 may be associated with material flows 1132 between participants in the decentralized participant network 1130. Data transactions 1134 may include data transactions between a peer-to-peer module and the peer-to-peer network 224. For example, a peer-to-peer module may be configured to generate transaction data and provide the generated transaction data to the peer-to-peer network 224. The transaction data may be associated with the creation of one or more tokens, as described in relation to Figures 2 and 4A. The transaction data may be associated with the transfer of token units, as described in relation to Figures 4B and 4C. Data transactions 1134 may include data transactions between peer-to-peer nodes 1110-1124. For example, a data transaction received by a node in the peer-to-peer network 224 may be broadcast to at least some of the other nodes in the peer-to-peer network 224. Each transaction provided to the peer-to-peer network 224 may include a signature. For example, transaction data may be signed using a private key associated with each participant in network 1130. Before processing a transaction, it may be validated by checking the signature of the transaction, for example, by comparing the signature with a valid signature stored in a peer-to-peer application. Some of nodes 1110-1124 may perform the validation process. If the transaction is valid, it may be processed further, for example, by being included in a further block of the blockchain. It should be understood that means other than signatures (e.g., communication addresses, certificates, etc.) may be used for the validation or authentication process, respectively.

[0183] Peer-to-peer applications can be blockchains. However, the following can be easily transferred to other peer-to-peer applications such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). A directed acyclic graph, such as IOTA or Tangle, means that blocks (or nodes in the graph) are connected to each other via directed edges. This means that direct means that (all) edges have the same direction as time (always). In other words, backward movement is not possible. Finally, acyclic means that there are no loops.

[0184] Blockchains can be open-ended or permissioned. Blockchains can be public, consortium-based, or private. Peer-to-peer applications can be formed by multiple blockchains connected via mechanisms such as sidechains or smart contracts. Interoperability between blockchains can be established.

[0185] A blockchain can be formed by at least two interconnected blocks. The first block may also be called the genesis block. Each block (except the first block) may refer to its predecessor. New blocks can be created by a computationally intensive process (e.g., so-called "mining" or another appropriate process such as voting) and provided in particular to all nodes 2002-2102 of a peer-to-peer network.

[0186] A blockchain may be configured to receive transactions such as those related to the creation of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with input materials and / or transactions related to the transfer of such environmental attribute-linked token units. Transactions may be received from peer-to-peer modules as described above. A blockchain may be configured to validate received transactions. A blockchain may be configured to store validated transactions, such as those described above, in new blocks of the blockchain. For example, a new block may be added to an existing block of the blockchain. A blockchain may be configured to control and manage environmental attributes associated with input materials, for example, as described in relation to Figures 1, 2, 4A, 4B and 4C.

[0187] In particular, (newly) received transactions can be validated, stored, and published in the current block of the blockchain. Published transactions may ultimately be ready for some of the participants in the peer-to-peer network. Alternatively or additionally, transaction data may be stored, for example, in a decentralized file service controlled by the blockchain or in registry storage on a decentralized blockchain database.

[0188] Only a portion of the nodes in the peer-to-peer network 224 may be configured to store peer-to-peer applications, and / or only a portion of the nodes in the peer-to-peer network 224 may be configured to execute smart contract algorithms. Since validation / verification requires considerable computational effort, it may be advantageous for efficiency reasons if only a portion of nodes 1110-1124 perform the execution of the executable means and / or validation algorithms and / or authentication algorithms.

[0189] Validation, analysis, and optimization may be performed on-chain or off-chain, as described herein. Off-chain validation, analysis, and / or optimization may be managed by peer-to-peer applications, as well as code on the blockchain. "Strong" means particularly high computing power. In other words, if some (or only) of peers 1110-1124 produce a positive result, a valid entry in the peer-to-peer application (such as the blockchain) is assumed. It should be understood that only a single, particularly strong peer can perform the validation, analysis, and / or optimization process, and additional nodes may be configured as monitoring nodes.

[0190] Similarly, in further embodiments (not shown), particularly large peer-to-peer networks may be divided into two or more clusters. For example, in the corresponding peer-to-peer network, validation may be performed by members of only one cluster (e.g., blockchain sharding to improve scalability). In further embodiments, peer-to-peer applications may be formed using multiple blockchains. These blockchains may be connected via frameworks such as sidechains, smart contracts, or interledgers.

[0191] Figure 11B illustrates the transfer of token units linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil from a first chemical producer to a second chemical producer via the platform.

[0192] A chemical producer 104 may operate a chemical production network, such as the chemical production network 206 described in relation to Figure 2, and produce chemical products using one or more vegetable oils provided as input to 206. At least a portion of the vegetable oil may be associated with environmental attributes, as described in relation to Figure 1. Upon input of such vegetable oil, an operating system, such as the operating system 202 associated with the chemical production network, may tokenize one or more of the environmental attributes, as described in relation to Figure 2. Units of tokens obtained from the tokenization may be assigned to the produced chemical products, for example, as described in relation to Figures 4A-4C.

[0193] A chemical producer 104 may transfer unused or remaining units 116 of tokens linked to environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to the environmental attribute platform 114. For example, the operating system 202 associated with the chemical producer 104 may be configured to generate transaction data and provide the transaction data to the distributed ledger network. The distributed ledger network may be the distributed ledger network 224 shown in Figure 11A. The transaction data may be provided to the distributed ledger network via a node 1112 associated with the chemical producer 104. The transaction data may include an address associated with the environmental attribute platform 114 and the units 116 of tokens to be transferred. When the distributed ledger network processes the transaction, the units of tokens may be assigned to an address associated with the environmental attribute platform 114 (for example, they may be deducted from an address associated with the chemical producer 104 and assigned to an address associated with the environmental attribute platform 114).

[0194] Chemical producer 2 112 may submit a request to an entity operating the environmental attribute platform 114. The request may include a unit 122 of tokens to be transferred and an address associated with chemical producer 2 112. The request may be submitted to the environmental attribute platform 114. The request may generate transaction data to initiate the transfer of the requested unit of tokens to a given address. The request may be submitted to the environmental attribute platform 114 via a node 1118 associated with chemical producer 2 112. The environmental attribute platform 114 may be associated with a node 1114 of the distributed ledger network 224. The environmental attribute platform 114 may be configured to generate transaction data to transfer the requested token unit. During transaction processing, the requested unit 122 of tokens may be transferred from the address associated with the environmental attribute platform 114 to the address associated with chemical producer 2 112. Next, the chemical producer 2112 can use the acquired token units to allocate them to the chemical products produced, for example, as described in relation to Figures 9 and 10.

[0195] Figure 11C illustrates the exchange of tokens linked to environmental attributes and associated with chemical products provided to chemical product consumers by a chemical production network via a decentralized peer-to-peer network.

[0196] A chemical producer 104 may produce one or more chemical products using vegetable oil associated with environmental attributes, as described, for example, in relation to Figures 1 and 2. When the vegetable oil enters the chemical production network, the operating system associated with the chemical production network may tokenize one or more of the environmental attributes, as described, for example, in relation to Figure 2. The tokenized environmental attributes may be assigned to the produced chemical products, as described, for example, in relation to Figures 4A to 4C. For example, assigning environmental attributes to a produced chemical product may involve generating a non-fungible token, as described, for example, in relation to Figure 4A. The non-fungible token may be generated by a third party on behalf of the entity operating the chemical production network producing the polyamide (see, for example, Figure 4A). The non-fungible token may include data such as NFT data 1142. NFT data 1142 may be recorded on a distributed ledger and may include a chemical product identifier, batch ID, order ID, and environmental attributes (e.g., 100% sustainable palm oil content). The NFT data 1142 may be linked to further metadata, for example, via a pointer contained in the NFT data 1142 (not shown). Such further metadata may be stored off-chain. Such further metadata may include codes printed on the packaging of the chemical product. Such metadata may include safety data sheets and / or technical data sheets and / or further documents related to the transportation of the chemical product. Such further metadata may be accessed via the NFT.

[0197] Non-fungible tokens may be owned by chemical producer 104, as indicated by a transaction that creates the NFT at an address associated with chemical producer 104 or a transaction that transfers the NFT to an address associated with chemical producer 104 (see Figure 4A). Transactions may be stored in blocks of the peer-to-peer network 224.

[0198] A chemical product 118, such as one produced by a chemical product producer 104, may be provided to a chemical product consumer 106 along with an NFT. Upon providing the chemical product 118 to the chemical product consumer 106, the chemical product producer 104 may generate transaction data to transfer the NFT associated with the chemical product 118 to the chemical product consumer 106. The transaction data may be generated by a peer-to-peer module associated with the chemical product producer 104. The transaction data may include data indicating the address associated with the chemical product consumer 106 and the NFT to be transferred. The transaction data may be signed with a private key associated with the chemical product producer 104. The transaction data may be provided to a peer-to-peer network 224, such as node 1112. The peer-to-peer network 224 may validate the received transaction as described in relation to Figure 11A. The peer-to-peer network 224 may store the received transaction in a new block of the blockchain. When the received transaction is stored in a new block of the blockchain, ownership of the NFT has been transferred from the chemical product producer 104 to the chemical product consumer 106.

[0199] A chemical product consumer 106 may use NFT data 1142 to assign environmental attributes associated with a product produced using chemical product 118 to such product. Such attribute assignment may involve generating further NFTs, as described in relation to Figure 4A. These further NFTs may be associated with NFTs of the chemical products used to produce the product. For example, these further NFTs may include links or pointers to such NFTs.

[0200] In this way, the environmental attributes of input materials, chemical products, and any products produced from chemical products can be tracked throughout the value chain to the final product. Tracking the environmental attributes of materials in this manner makes information transparent across the value chain while allowing information flow to be controlled by stakeholders in the supply chain. Overall, such tracking enables individual supply chain stakeholders to track positive environmental impacts, which makes positive environmental impacts transparent and attributable to individual supply chain stakeholders.

[0201] This disclosure has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments and examples. However, those skilled in the art who practice the claimed invention can understand and practice other variations by examining the drawings, this disclosure, and the claims.

[0202] Any of the steps presented herein may be performed in any order. The methods disclosed herein are not limited to any particular order of these steps. It is not required that different steps be performed in a specific location or on a specific computing node of a distributed system; that is, each step may be performed on a different computing node using different equipment / data processing.

[0203] As used herein, “determine” also includes “initiate or cause to determine,” “generate” also includes “initiate and / or cause to generate,” and “provide” also includes “initiate or cause to determine, generate, select, transmit and / or receive.” “Initiate or cause to perform an action” includes any processing signal that triggers a computing node or device to perform the respective action.

[0204] In the claims and this specification, the word “including” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude plurals. A single element or other unit may perform the function of several entities or items described in the claims. The mere fact that certain means are described in different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these means cannot be used in a favorable implementation.

[0205] Any disclosures and embodiments described herein relate to the methods, systems, devices, and computer program elements outlined above, and vice versa. Advantageously, any benefits derived from any embodiment and example are equally applicable to all other embodiments and examples, and vice versa.

[0206] All terms and definitions used herein are to be understood in a broad sense and have their general meanings.

[0207] Any disclosures and embodiments described herein are merely examples of, and not limiting, the methods, systems, or application devices disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for producing a chemical product associated with at least one environmental attribute, wherein the chemical product is produced by chemical production using one or more vegetable oils as input materials, and the method is - Receiving units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more of the vegetable oils at an address associated with a distributed ledger, wherein the address is associated with the operating system of the chemical production, - To produce the chemical product from at least one or more vegetable oils through the aforementioned chemical production, - To provide a chemical product identifier associated with the chemical product and optionally at least one target environment attribute. - Selecting at least one attribution rule to assign tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to the chemical product, based on the chemical product identifier and optionally the target environmental attributes. - Determining a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes via at least one of the aforementioned attribution rules, - Assigning the determined units of the tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes to the chemical product identifier, - To provide the chemical product associated with the unit of the token. Methods that include...

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or a combination thereof.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the environmental attributes are associated with the production data of the vegetable oil.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the production data includes data related to the growth of plants used to produce the vegetable oil, data related to the harvesting of plants used to produce the vegetable oil, data related to the transportation of harvested plants or a portion thereof, data related to the processing of harvested plants or a portion thereof, data related to the refining of the vegetable oil, or a combination thereof.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the environmental attributes are associated with or correspond to certificate data indicating the production of the vegetable oil in accordance with predetermined production standards.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the unit of the token is received in response to a request, and the request includes the address and the unit of the token.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the received unit of the token is created when the vegetable oil associated with the environmental attribute is used in different chemical productions for producing chemical products, and is not assigned to a chemical product produced by the different chemical productions.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the environmental attributes associated with one or more of the vegetable oil are decoupled from the physical flow of the vegetable oil in the chemical production.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one attribution rule is associated with the vegetable oil characterized by at least one environmental attribute type.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one attribution rule may include an instruction to determine the vegetable oil used to produce the chemical product.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein assigning at least one unit of the token to the chemical product identifier comprises generating transaction data and providing the generated transaction data to the distributed ledger to create one or more further tokens that designate the amortized units of the token, and the one or more environmental attributes are linked to the token and the provided chemical product identifier.

12. A system for producing chemical products associated with at least one environmental attribute, - A chemical production method configured to produce the chemical product using one or more vegetable oils as input materials, and to provide the produced chemical product, - A distributed ledger application configured to receive units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more of the vegetable oils at an address associated with the distributed ledger, wherein the address is associated with the operating system of the chemical production, - An attribution module configured to provide at least one attribution rule for attributing tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to chemical products, - A data provider configured to provide at least one chemical product identifier associated with the chemical product and optionally at least one target environment attribute for the chemical product, - It is an outbound allocator, - Selecting at least one attribution rule based on the chemical product identifier and optionally the target environmental attributes, - Determining a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes via at least one of the aforementioned attribution rules, - Assigning at least one unit of the token linked to one or more environmental attributes to the chemical product identifier. An outbound allocator configured to perform the following: A system that includes this.

13. A digital operating system for chemical production, wherein the chemical production produces chemical products using one or more vegetable oils as input materials, and the digital operating system is - A distributed ledger application configured to receive units of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more of the vegetable oils at an address associated with the distributed ledger, wherein the address is associated with the digital operating system of the chemical production, - An attribution module configured to provide at least one attribution rule for attributing tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to chemical products, - A data provider configured to provide at least one chemical product identifier associated with the chemical product and optionally at least one target environment attribute for the chemical product, - It is an outbound allocator, - Selecting at least one attribution rule based on the chemical product identifier and optionally the target environmental attributes, - Determining a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes via at least one of the aforementioned attribution rules, - Assigning at least one unit of the token linked to one or more environmental attributes to the chemical product identifier. Outbound allocators configured as follows and Digital operating systems, including

14. When executed by the processor, the digital operating system according to claim 13 - A step of receiving a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with one or more of the vegetable oil at an address associated with a distributed ledger, wherein the address is associated with the digital operating system of the chemical production, - A step of using one or more vegetable oils as input materials to provide a chemical product identifier associated with a chemical product produced by chemical production associated with the digital operating system and optionally at least one target environmental attribute, - A step of selecting at least one attribution rule to assign tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes associated with vegetable oil to a chemical product, based on the chemical product identifier and optionally the target environmental attributes. - A step of determining a unit of tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes via at least one of the aforementioned attribution rules, - A step of assigning the determined units of the tokens linked to one or more environmental attributes to the chemical product identifier, - The step of providing the chemical product associated with the unit of the token. A computer element having instructions to perform such an action, particularly a computer program product or a computer-readable medium.

15. Use of a chemical product associated with one or more environmental attributes, provided by the method of any one of claims 1 to 11 and / or produced by the system described in claim 12 or 13, for producing at least one individual product or at least one end product in a product supply chain associated with the one or more environmental attributes.

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