Beam management at multiple transmitting and receiving points

Abstract

The wireless device receives downlink control information (DCI) via a first control resource set (core set) of a first core set pool of a plurality of core set pools of a cell, the DCI indicating transmission of a sounding reference signal (SRS) via the cell, and in response to a second core set having a lowest core set index among one or more core sets associated with the first core set pool, the wireless device transmits an SRS having transmission parameters based on the second core set.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 007,110, filed April 8, 2020, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0002] In this disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examples of how the disclosed technology may be implemented and / or how the disclosed technology may be practiced in environments and scenarios. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the scope. Indeed, after reading the specification, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternative embodiments. The present embodiments should not be limited by any of the exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Limitations, features, and / or elements from the disclosed exemplary embodiments may be combined to create further embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure. The figures that highlight features and advantages are shown by way of example only. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible and configurable to be utilized in ways other than those shown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may be rearranged in some embodiments or used only as options. The present invention provides, for example, the following: (Item 1) 1. A method comprising: receiving, by the wireless device, one or more configuration parameters including parameters that enable determination of default transmission parameters; receiving downlink control information triggering transmission of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) over SRS resources of the cell over a first control resource set (core set) having a first core set pool index; determining a transmission parameter based on a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state of a second core set in response to one or more configuration parameters including the parameter and the SRS resource not associated with a spatial relationship, the second core set comprising: identified by the lowest core set index among one or more core set indexes of one or more core sets of said cell; and determining a second core set pool index that is the same as the first core set pool index; and transmitting the aperiodic SRS via the SRS resource using the transmission parameters. (Item 2) 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wireless device, downlink control information via a first control resource set (core set) of a first core set pool of a plurality of core set pools of a cell, the downlink control information indicating transmission of a sounding reference signal (SRS) via the cell; and in response to a second core set having a lowest core set index among one or more core sets associated with the first core set pool, transmitting the SRS having transmission parameters based on the second core set. (Item 3) 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving one or more configuration parameters including parameters that enable determination of the transmission parameters. (Item 4) 4. The method according to item 2 or 3, wherein the transmission parameters are default transmission parameters. (Item 5) 5. The method according to any one of items 2 to 4, wherein the SRS is aperiodic SRS. (Item 6) 6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising determining the transmission parameters based on a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state of the second core set. (Item 7) 7. The method according to any one of items 2 to 6, wherein the second core set is indicated by a second core set pool index that is the same as a first core set pool index of the first core set pool. (Item 8) 8. The method according to any one of items 2 to 7, wherein the plurality of core set pools includes a second core set pool, the second core set pool including a third core set having an index lower than a core set index of the second core set. (Item 9) 9. The method according to any one of items 2 to 8, wherein the transmission of the SRS is via an SRS resource that is not associated with a spatial relationship. (Item 10) The transmission, one or more configuration parameters including said parameters; 10. The method according to any one of items 3 to 9, in response to an SRS resource for transmitting the SRS that is not associated with a spatial relationship. (Item 11) 11. The method according to any one of items 2 to 10, wherein the transmission parameter is a spatial domain transmission filter. (Item 12) 12. The method according to any one of items 2 to 11, wherein the transmission parameter is a transmission power. (Item 13) 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wireless device and via a first control resource set (core set) having a first core set pool index, downlink control information (DCI) indicating transmission of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) via SRS resources of a cell, the SRS resources not associated with a spatial relationship; transmitting the aperiodic SRS over the SRS resource using default transmission parameters based on a second core set, wherein the second core set comprises: the lowest core set index among one or more core sets of said cell; and a second core set pool index that is the same as the first core set pool index associated with the DCI indicating transmission of the aperiodic SRS. (Item 14) 1. A method comprising: receiving, by the wireless device and via a first control resource set (core set) having a first core set pool index, downlink control information triggering transmission of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) over SRS resources of the cell; determining transmission parameters based on a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state of a second core set in response to the SRS resources not associated with a spatial relationship, the second core set comprising: identified by the lowest core set index among one or more core set indexes of one or more core sets of said cell; and determining a second core set pool index that is the same as the first core set pool index; and transmitting the aperiodic SRS via the SRS resource using the transmission parameters. (Item 15) Item 15. The method of item 14, wherein the transmission parameter is a spatial domain transmission filter. (Item 16) 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the transmission parameter is a transmission power. (Item 17) 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising receiving one or more messages including one or more configuration parameters for the cell. (Item 18) in response to a second SRS resource not associated with a spatial relationship, determining a second transmission parameter based on a TCI state of a core set identified by a lowest core set index among the one or more core set indexes of the one or more core sets; 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising: transmitting an SRS via the second SRS resource using the second transmission parameters. (Item 19) 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more configuration parameters indicate a non-periodic resource type for the SRS resource. (Item 20) The one or more configuration parameters for the second SRS resource: A periodic resource type, or 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising indicating a semi-persistent resource type. (Item 21) The one or more configuration parameters are: the first core set pool index for the first core set; and and the second core set pool index for the second core set. (Item 22) 22. The method according to any one of items 17 to 21, wherein the one or more configuration parameters indicate the one or more core set indexes for the one or more core sets. (Item 23) 23. The method according to any one of items 17 to 22, wherein the SRS resources that are not associated with the spatial relationship include the one or more configuration parameters that indicate, for the SRS resources, that there is no spatial relationship. (Item 24) 24. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 23, comprising the SRS resource not being associated with the spatial relationship not receiving an activation command indicating a spatial relationship for the SRS resource. (Item 25) an active uplink bandwidth portion (BWP) of the cell comprising uplink resources; 25. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein an active downlink BWP of the cell includes the one or more core sets. (Item 26) The one or more core sets include the first core set; and the second core set. (Item 27) 27. The method of any one of items 17 to 26, wherein determining the transmission parameters based on the TCI status of the second core set is further responsive to the one or more configuration parameters including parameters enabling determination of a default spatial domain transmit filter and a default impairment reference signal. (Item 28) 28. The method of any one of items 17 to 27, wherein determining the transmission parameters based on the TCI status of the second core set is further responsive to the one or more configuration parameters indicating an absence of an impairment reference signal. (Item 29) 29. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 28, wherein determining the transmission parameters based on the TCI status includes determining the transmission parameters based on a reference signal indicated by the TCI status. (Item 30) 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the TCI state indicates a near-coincident type for the reference signal. (Item 31) 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the quasi-identical position type is quasi-identical position type D (QCL-type D). (Item 32) 32. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 31, further comprising monitoring a downlink control channel in the second core set based on the TCI status. (Item 33) 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the monitoring of the downlink control channel in the second core set based on the TCI status includes at least one demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) port of downlink control channel reception in the second core set being quasi-co-located with the reference signal. (Item 34) 34. A method according to any one of items 17 to 33, wherein the one or more configuration parameters do not indicate beam management for the use of the SRS resources. (Item 35) Item 35. The method according to any one of items 14 to 34, wherein the cell operates in frequency range 2 (FR2). (Item 36) 1. A method comprising: receiving, by the wireless device and via a first control resource set (core set) having a first core set pool index, downlink control information triggering transmission of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) over SRS resources of the cell; Through the SRS resource, the SRS resource is not associated with a spatial relationship; and the second core set is identified by a lowest core set index among one or more core set indexes of one or more core sets of an active downlink bandwidth portion (BWP) of the cell; the second core set being indicated with a second core set pool index that is the same as a first core set pool index; and in response, transmitting the aperiodic SRS having transmission parameters determined based on an activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state of the second core set. (Item 37) Item 37. The method of item 36, wherein the transmission parameter is a spatial domain transmission filter. (Item 38) 38. The method according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the transmission parameter is a transmission power. (Item 39) 1. A method comprising: receiving, by the wireless device, one or more messages including one or more configuration parameters for a cell, the one or more configuration parameters comprising: one or more control resource sets (core sets); Enabling the determination of a default spatial domain transmit filter and a default impairment reference signal; receiving, indicating a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource associated with the first antenna panel; Through the SRS resource, the SRS resource is not associated with a spatial relationship; and the core set is identified by a lowest core set index among one or more core set indexes of the one or more core sets; the TCI state being associated with a second antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel; and in response, transmitting an SRS having transmission parameters determined based on a core set transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state of the one or more core sets. (Item 40) 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the one or more configuration parameters indicate an SRS resource set that includes the SRS. (Item 41) Item 41. The method of item 40, wherein the SRS resource associated with the first antenna panel includes the SRS resource set associated with the first antenna panel. (Item 42) 42. The method of claim 41, further comprising transmitting one or more SRSs having the first antenna panel via one or more SRS resources in the SRS resource set. (Item 43) 43. A method according to any one of items 39 to 42, wherein the TCI state associated with the second antenna panel includes receiving a reference signal indicated by the TCI state via the second antenna panel. (Item 44) Item 44. The method according to any one of items 39 to 43, wherein the transmission parameter is a spatial domain transmission filter. (Item 45) Item 45. The method according to any one of items 39 to 44, wherein the transmission parameter is a transmission power. (Item 46) Item 46. The method of any one of items 39 to 45, wherein the wireless device comprises a plurality of antenna panels, including the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel. (Item 47) 47. The method according to any one of items 39 to 46, wherein transmitting, via the SRS resource, the SRS having the transmission parameters determined based on the TCI state comprises transmitting, via the SRS resource, the SRS having the transmission parameters determined based on a reference signal indicated by the TCI state. (Item 48) 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wireless device, one or more messages including one or more configuration parameters for a cell, the one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for decoding a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission; receiving a wake-up command, the wake-up command comprising: a first field for activating at least one TCI state of the one or more TCI states; a second field indicating a first control resource set (core set) pool index; determining transmission parameters for a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission via an SRS resource associated with a second core set pool index based on an activated TCI state among the at least one TCI state, the determining including: the one or more configuration parameters indicating no spatial relationship for the SRS resource; the one or more configuration parameters indicating there is no core set for the cell; and determining, in response to a first core set pool index being the same as the second core set pool index; and transmitting the SRS having the transmission parameters via the SRS resource. (Item 49) 1. A method comprising: By wireless devices, a first control resource set (core set) pool of a plurality of core set pools of the cell; receiving a command indicating activation of one or more transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states associated with the first core set pool; and transmitting, via a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource associated with the first core set pool, an SRS having transmission parameters based on a TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to the TCI state having a lowest TCI state index among the one or more TCI states activated for the first core set pool. (Item 50) 50. The method of claim 49, further comprising receiving, by the wireless device, one or more messages including one or more configuration parameters for a cell, the one or more configuration parameters indicating TCI states, including the one or more TCI states, for decoding a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) transmission. (Item 51) 51. The method of claim 49 or 50, further comprising determining the transmission parameters for the SRS transmission via the SRS resource based on an activated TCI state among the one or more TCI states. (Item 52) The command: a first field for activating at least one TCI state of the one or more TCI states; 52. The method of any one of items 49 to 51, further comprising: a second field indicating a first core set pool index. (Item 53) 53. The method according to any one of items 49 to 52, wherein the SRS resources are not associated with a spatial relationship. (Item 54) 54. The method according to any one of items 49 to 53, wherein the transmission parameter is a spatial domain transmission filter. (Item 55) 55. The method according to any one of items 49 to 54, wherein the transmission parameter is a transmission power. (Item 56) 56. The method of any one of items 50 to 55, wherein the one or more configuration parameters indicate a first core set pool for the SRS resource. (Item 57) 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the SRS resource associated with the first core set pool index includes receiving downlink control information via a control resource set (core set) having the first core set pool index, the downlink control information triggering transmission of the SRS via the SRS resource. (Item 58) 58. The method according to any one of items 49 to 57, wherein the SRS is aperiodic SRS. (Item 59) 59. The method according to any one of items 49 to 58, wherein the command is a Media Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE). (Item 60) 60. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 59, wherein the active uplink bandwidth portion (BWP) of the cell comprises uplink resources. (Item 61) 61. The method of any one of items 51 to 60, wherein the determining is further responsive to receiving one or more configuration parameters indicating the absence of a fault reference signal. (Item 62) 62. The method of any one of items 51 to 61, wherein the determining is further responsive to receiving one or more configuration parameters including parameters enabling determination of a default spatial domain transmit filter and a default impairment reference signal. (Item 63) 1. A method comprising: By wireless devices, a first control resource set (core set) pool of a plurality of core set pools of the cell; receiving an activation command indicating activation of one or more transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for decoding downlink transmissions associated with the first core set pool; and in response to the TCI state having the lowest TCI index among the one or more TCI states activated for the first core set pool, transmitting, via a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource associated with the first core set pool, an SRS having transmission parameters determined based on a TCI state among the one or more TCI states. (Item 64) A wireless device comprising: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to implement a method according to any one of items 1 to 63. (Item 65) A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of items 1 to 63. (Item 66) 1. A system comprising: A base station, comprising: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the base station to perform the method according to any one of items 1 to 63; A system comprising: a wireless device, the wireless device including one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to implement a method according to any one of items 1 to 63. (Item 67) A base station comprising: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause a base station device to implement a method according to any one of items 1 to 63. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0003] Some examples of various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings.

[0004] [Figure 1A]1 illustrates an example of a mobile communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented; [Figure 1B] 1 illustrates an example of a mobile communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented; [Figure 2A] The new wireless (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stacks are shown, respectively. [Figure 2B] The new wireless (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stacks are shown, respectively. [Diagram 3] 2B illustrates an example of a service provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. 2A. [Figure 4A] 2B illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. [Figure 4B] 1 shows an example of the format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU. [Figure 5A] 1 shows the mapping between downlink and uplink logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, respectively. [Figure 5B] 1 shows the mapping between downlink and uplink logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, respectively. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE. [Figure 7] 1 shows an example of the configuration of an NR frame in which OFDM symbols are grouped. [Figure 8] 1 shows an example of a slot configuration in the time and frequency domain of an NR carrier. [Figure 9] An example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier is shown. [Figure 10A] 1 shows three carrier aggregation configurations with two component carriers. [Figure 10B] 1 shows an example of how aggregation cells can be arranged into one or more PUCCH groups. [Figure 11A]1 shows an example of an SS / PBCH block structure and location. [Figure 11B] 1 illustrates an example of a CSI-RS mapped to the time and frequency domain. [Figure 12A] Three examples of downlink and uplink beam management procedures are shown, respectively. [Figure 12B] Three examples of downlink and uplink beam management procedures are shown, respectively. [Figure 13A] A four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and an alternative two-step random access procedure are shown, respectively. [Figure 13B] A four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and an alternative two-step random access procedure are shown, respectively. [Figure 13C] A four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and an alternative two-step random access procedure are shown, respectively. [Figure 14A] 1 shows an embodiment of a CORESET configuration for a bandwidth portion. [Figure 14B] 13 shows an embodiment of CCE to REG mapping for DCI transmission on CORESET and PDCCH processing. [Figure 15] 1 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless device in communication with a base station. [Figure 16A] 1 shows an example structure for uplink and downlink transmission. [Figure 16B] 1 shows an example structure for uplink and downlink transmission. [Figure 16C] 1 shows an example structure for uplink and downlink transmission. [Figure 16D] 1 shows an example structure for uplink and downlink transmission. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 18]FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20] 1 is an exemplary flow diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] 1 is an exemplary flow diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 22] 1 is an exemplary flow diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 23] FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0005] The embodiments may be configured to operate as desired. The disclosed mechanisms may be executed when certain criteria are met, for example, in a wireless device, a base station, a wireless environment, a network, a combination of the above, etc. Exemplary criteria may be based at least in part, for example, on wireless device or network node configuration, traffic load, initial system settings, packet size, traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, etc. Once one or more criteria are met, various exemplary embodiments may be applied. Thus, it may be possible to implement exemplary embodiments that selectively implement the disclosed protocols.

[0006] A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. The wireless devices and / or base stations may support multiple technologies and / or multiple releases of the same technology. The wireless devices may have some specific capabilities depending on the category and / or capabilities of the wireless devices. When the present disclosure refers to a base station communicating with multiple wireless devices, the disclosure may refer to a subset of all wireless devices in the coverage area. The disclosure may refer to multiple wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G release, for example, that include a given capability and are in a given sector of the base station. Multiple wireless devices in the present disclosure may refer to selected multiple wireless devices and / or a subset of all wireless devices in the coverage area that perform according to the disclosed methods, etc. There may be multiple base stations or multiple wireless devices in the coverage area that may not comply with the disclosed methods. For example, those wireless devices or base stations perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

[0007] As used herein, the terms "a" and "an" and similar terms are interpreted as "at least one" and "one or more." Similarly, any term ending with the suffix "(s)" should be interpreted as "at least one" and "one or more." As used herein, the term "may" is interpreted as "may be, for example." In other words, the term "may" indicates that the phrase following the term "may" is one example of multiple suitable possibilities, and may or may not be used by one or more of the various embodiments. As used herein, the terms "comprises" and "consists of" recite one or more components of a described element. The term "comprises" is interchangeable with "includes" and does not exclude unrecited components included in the described element. In contrast, "consists of" provides a complete recitation of one or more components of a described element. As used herein, the term "based on" should be interpreted as "based at least in part on" rather than, for example, "based only on." As used herein, the term "and / or" refers to any possible combination of the listed elements. For example, "A, B, and / or C" can refer to A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C.

[0008] If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, then A is said to be a subset of B. Only non-empty sets and subsets are considered herein. For example, possible subsets of B={cell1, cell2} are {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase "based on" (or equivalently "based at least on") indicates that the phrase following the term "based on" is one example of many suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase "in response to" (or equivalently "at least in response to") indicates that the phrase following the phrase "in response to" is one example of many suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase "in response to" (or equivalently "at least in response to") indicates that the phrase following the phrase "in response to" is one example of many suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase "adopted / used" (or, equivalently, "adopted / used at least") indicates that the phrase following the phrase "adopted / used" is one example of many suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of various embodiments.

[0009] The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured may also refer to a particular setting of a device that affects the operational characteristics of the device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. In other words, hardware, software, firmware, registers, memory values, etc. may be "configured" within a device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state, to provide the device with a particular characteristic. A term such as "a control message originating in a device" may mean that the control message has parameters that can be used to configure a particular characteristic in the device or can be used to implement a particular action in the device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state.

[0010] In this disclosure, a parameter (or equivalently referred to as a field, or information element: IE) can contain one or more information objects, which can contain one or more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE)N contains parameter (IE)M, which contains parameter (IE)K, which contains parameter (IE)J, then, for example, N contains K and N contains J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messages contain multiple parameters, it means that a parameter of the multiple parameters is included in at least one of the one or more messages, but need not be included in each of the one or more messages.

[0011] Furthermore, many features presented above are described as optional by the use of "may" or by the use of parentheses. For the sake of brevity and readability, this disclosure does not explicitly describe each and every variation that may be obtained by selecting from a set of optional features. This disclosure should be construed as explicitly disclosing all such variations. For example, a system described as having three optional features can be embodied in seven ways, i.e., with only one of the three possible features, any two of the three features, or three of the three features.

[0012] Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as modules, where a module is defined as an element that performs a defined function and has a defined interface to other elements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g., hardware with biological components), or a combination thereof, which may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, a module may be implemented in software routines written in a computer language configured to run on a hardware machine (C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab, etc.) or Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEW MathScript. It may also be possible to implement modules using physical hardware incorporating discrete or programmable analog, digital, and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware include computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers, and microprocessors are programmed using languages ​​such as assembly, C, C++, etc. FPGAs, ASICs, and CPLDs are often programmed using Hardware Description Languages ​​(HDLs) such as Verilog or VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL), which configure the connections between the internal hardware modules with fewer functions of the programmable device. To achieve a functional modular result, the above techniques are often used in combination.

[0013] 1A illustrates an example of a mobile communication network 100 in which an embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented. The mobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a public land mobile network (PLMN) run by a network operator. As shown in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a wireless device 106.

[0014] The CN 102 may provide the wireless device 106 with an interface to one or more data networks (DNs), such as a public DN (e.g., the Internet), a private DN, and / or an intra-operator DN. As part of its interfacing function, the CN 102 may set up an end-to-end connection between the wireless device 106 and one or more DNs, authenticate the wireless device 106, and provide charging functionality.

[0015] The RAN 104 may connect the CN 102 to the wireless devices 106 via wireless communication over the air interface. As part of the wireless communication, the RAN 104 may provide scheduling, radio resource management, and retransmission protocols. The communication direction from the RAN 104 to the wireless devices 106 over the air interface is known as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wireless devices 106 to the RAN 104 over the air interface is known as the uplink. The downlink transmission may be separated from the uplink transmission using frequency division duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0016] The term wireless device may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass any mobile or fixed (non-portable) device for which wireless communication is required or available. For example, a wireless device may be a phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, a laptop, a sensor, a meter, a wearable device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a vehicular roadside unit (RSU), a relay node, an automobile, and / or any combination thereof. The term wireless device encompasses other terms, including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), access terminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), and / or wireless communication device.

[0017] The RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The term base station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass a Node B (associated with UMTS and / or 3G standards), an evolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and / or 4G standards), a remote radio head (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs, a repeater or relay node used to extend the coverage area of ​​a donor node, a next generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB), a generation Node B (associated with gNB, NR and / or 5G standards), an access point (AP, e.g., associated with WiFi or other suitable wireless communication standards), and / or any combination thereof. A base station may include at least one gNB central unit (gNB-CU) and at least one gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU).

[0018] The base stations included in the RAN 104 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating over the air interface with the wireless devices 106. For example, one or more base stations may include three sets of antennas for controlling three cells (or sectors) respectively. The size of a cell may be determined by the range over which a receiver (e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive a transmission from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating in the cell. Together, the cells of the base stations may provide wireless coverage to the wireless devices 106 over a wide geographic area to support wireless device mobility.

[0019] In addition to three sector sites, other implementations of base stations are possible. For example, one or more base stations of the RAN 104 may be implemented as a sector site having more or less than three sectors. One or more base stations of the RAN 104 may be implemented as an access point, as a baseband processing unit coupled to multiple remote radio heads (RRHs), and / or as a repeater or relay node used to extend the coverage area of ​​a donor node. The baseband processing unit coupled to the RRHs may be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, where the baseband processing unit may be centralized or virtualized within a pool of baseband processing units. The repeater node may amplify and rebroadcast the wireless signal received from the donor node. The relay node may perform the same / similar functions as the repeater node, but may decode the wireless signal received from the donor node and remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the wireless signal.

[0020] The RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogeneous network of macrocell base stations having similar antenna patterns and similar high-level transmit power. The RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network. In a heterogeneous network, small cell base stations may be used to provide small coverage areas, e.g., coverage areas that overlap with the relatively large coverage areas provided by macrocell base stations. Small coverage areas may be provided in areas of high data traffic (or so-called hot spots) or areas where macrocell coverage is weak. Examples of small cell base stations include, in order of decreasing coverage area, microcell base stations, picocell base stations, and femtocell or home base stations.

[0021] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) was formed in 1998 to provide global standardization of specifications for mobile communication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100 of FIG. 1A. To date, 3GPP® has produced specifications for three generations of mobile networks: a third generation (3G) network known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a fourth generation (4G) network known as Long Term Evolution (LTE), and a fifth generation (5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to a RAN of a 3GPP® 5G network, referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN). The embodiments may be applicable to the RAN of other mobile communication networks, such as the RAN 104 of FIG. 1A, RANs of earlier 3G and 4G networks, and future networks yet to be specified (e.g., a 3GPP® 6G network). NG-RAN implements the 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR), and may be provisioned to implement other radio access technologies, including 4G radio access technologies or non-3GPP radio access technologies.

[0022] FIG. 1B illustrates another example mobile communication network 150 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The mobile communication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN run by a network operator. As shown in FIG. 1B, the mobile communication network 150 includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and a UE 156A and a UE 156B (collectively, UE 156). These components may be implemented and operate in the same or similar manner as the corresponding components described with respect to FIG. 1A.

[0023] 5G-CN 152 provides UE 156 with an interface to one or more DNs, such as a public DN (e.g., Internet), a private DN, and / or an intra-operator DN. As part of the interface function, 5G-CN 152 may set up an end-to-end connection between UE 156 and one or more DNs, authenticate UE 156, and provide charging functions. Compared to the CNs of 3GPP 4G networks, the base of 5G-CN 152 may be a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of the nodes constituting 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions that provide services via interfaces to other network functions. The network functions of 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways: as network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as software instances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1B, the 5G-CN 152 includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 158A and a User Plane Function (UPF) 158B, as shown in FIG. 1B as one component AMF / UPF 158 for ease of explanation. The UPF 158B may act as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154 and one or more DNs. The UPF 158B may perform functions such as packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and enforcement of user plane policy rules, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification to support routing of traffic flows to one or more DNs, quality of service (QoS) processing for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement, and uplink traffic validation), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggers. The UPF 158B may act as an anchor point for intra / inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, an external protocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point interconnected to one or more DNs, and / or a branching point to support multi-homed PDU sessions. The UE 156 may be configured to receive services via a PDU session, which is a logical connection between the UE and the DN.

[0025] The AMF 158A may perform functions such as termination of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP® access networks, idle mode UE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmissions), registration area management, intra-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization including checking roaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policy), support for network slicing, and / or selection of a Session Management Function (SMF). NAS may refer to a function operating between the CN and the UE, and AS may refer to a function operating between the UE and the RAN.

[0026] 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions not shown in FIG. 1B for clarity. For example, 5G-CN 152 may include one or more of a Session Management Function (SMF), an NR Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a Network Exposure Function (NEF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), and / or an Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

[0027] The NG-RAN 154 may connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UE 156 via wireless communication over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include one or more gNBs (collectively gNB 160), illustrated as gNB 160A and gNB 160B, and / or one or more ng-eNBs (collectively ng-eNB 162), illustrated as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNB 162 may more generally be referred to as base stations. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNB 162 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UE 156 over the air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs 160 and / or one or more of the ng-eNBs 162 may include three sets of antennas for controlling three cells (or sectors), respectively. Together, the gNB160 and ng-eNB162 cells may provide radio coverage to the UE156 over a wide geographic area to support UE mobility.

[0028] As shown in FIG. 1B, the gNB 160 and / or the ng-eNB 162 may be connected to the 5G-CN 152 by an NG interface and to other base stations by an Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces may be established using direct physical connections and / or indirect connections over an underlying transport network, such as an Internet Protocol (IP) transport network. The gNB 160 and / or the ng-eNB 162 may be connected to the UE 156 by a Uu interface. For example, as shown in FIG. 1B, the gNB 160A may be connected to the UE 156A by a Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with protocol stacks. The protocol stacks associated with the interfaces may be used by the network elements of FIG. 1B to exchange data and signaling messages and may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may process data of interest to a user. The control plane may process signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0029] The gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162 may be connected to one or more AMF / UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152, such as the AMF / UPF 158, by one or more NG interfaces. For example, the gNB 160A may be connected to the UPF 158B of the AMF / UPF 158 by an NG User Plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface may provide for the provisioning of user plane PDUs between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery). The gNB 160A may be connected to the AMF 158A using an NG Control Plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide, for example, NG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management, forwarding of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, and configuration forwarding and / or alert message transmission.

[0030] The gNB 160 may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156 on the Uu interface. For example, the gNB 160A may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156A on the Uu interface associated with a first protocol stack. The ng-eNB 162 may provide Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156 on the Uu interface, where E-UTRA refers to a 3GPP 4G radio access technology. For example, the ng-eNB 162B may provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156B on the Uu interface associated with a second protocol stack.

[0031] The 5G-CN 152 has been described as being configured to handle NR and 4G radio access. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that it may be possible for the NR to connect to a 4G core network in a mode known as "non-standalone operation." In non-standalone operation, the 4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control plane functions (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Although only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown in FIG. 1B, one gNB or ng-eNB may be connected to multiple AMF / UPF nodes to provide redundancy and / or load sharing across multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0032] As discussed, in Figure 1B, interfaces between network elements (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interfaces) may be associated with protocol stacks that the network elements use to exchange data and signaling messages. The protocol stacks may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user, and the control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0033] Figures 2A and 2B show examples of NR user plane and NR control plane protocol stacks, respectively, for the Uu interface between a UE 210 and a gNB 220. The protocol stacks shown in Figures 2A and 2B may be the same or similar to those used for the Uu interface between a UE 156A and a gNB 160A shown in Figure 1B, for example.

[0034] 2A shows an NR user plane protocol stack including five layers implemented in the UE 210 and the gNB 220. At the bottom of the protocol stack, physical layers (PHYs) 211 and 221 may provide transport services to the higher layers of the protocol stack and may correspond to layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The next four protocols above the PHYs 211 and 221 include media access control layers (MAC) 212 and 222, radio link control layers (RLC) 213 and 223, packet data convergence protocol layers (PDCP) 214 and 224, and service data application protocol layers (SDAP) 215 and 225. Together, these four protocols may constitute layer 2 or the data link layer of the OSI model.

[0035] FIG. 3 shows an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack. Starting from the top of FIG. 2A and FIG. 3, the SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform QoS flow processing. The UE 210 may receive services via a PDU session, which may be a logical connection between the UE 210 and the DN. A PDU session may have one or more QoS flows. The UPF (e.g., UPF 158B) of the CN may map IP packets to one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based on the QoS requirements (e.g., in terms of delay, data rate, and / or error rate). The SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform mapping / de-mapping between one or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. The mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers may be determined by the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220. The SDAP 215 at the UE 210 may be informed of the mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers via reflected mapping or control signaling received from the gNB 220. For reflective mapping, the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220 may mark the downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI) that can be observed by the SDAP 215 at the UE 210 to determine mapping / demapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers.

[0036] PDCP 214 and PDCP 224 may perform header compression / decompression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the air interface, encryption / decryption to prevent unauthorized decryption of data transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (to ensure that control messages originate from the intended source). PDCP 214 and 224 may perform retransmission of unsent packets, in-sequence delivery and resequencing of packets, and elimination of duplicate received packets for intra-gNB handover, for example. PDCP 214 and 224 may perform packet duplication to improve the likelihood of a packet being received and to eliminate any duplicate packets at the receiver. Packet duplication may be useful for services that require high reliability.

[0037] Although not shown in FIG. 3, the PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform mapping / demapping between split radio bearers and RLC channels in a dual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technique that allows a UE to connect to two cells, or more generally, two cell groups, a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split bearer is when a single radio bearer, such as one of the radio bearers provided by the PDCPs 214 and 224 as a service to the SDAPs 215 and 225, is handled by a cell group in dual connectivity. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may map / demap the split radio bearer between the RLC channels belonging to the cell group.

[0038] The RLCs 213 and 223 may perform segmentation, retransmission through automatic repeat request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data units received from the MACs 212 and 222, respectively. The RLCs 213 and 223 may support three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode in which the RLC is operating, the RLC may perform one or more of the indicated functions. This RLC configuration may be per logical channel independent of numerology and / or transmission time interval (TTI) duration. As shown in FIG. 3, the RLCs 213 and 223 may provide RLC channels as services to the PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

[0039] The MAC 212 and MAC 222 may perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mapping between logical channels and transport channels. Multiplexing / demultiplexing may include multiplexing / demultiplexing of data units belonging to one or more logical channels to / from a transport block (TB) delivered to / from the PHYs 211 and 221. The MAC 222 may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and priority handling between UEs by dynamic scheduling. Scheduling may be performed at the gNB 220 (at the MAC 222) for downlink and uplink. The MAC 212 and 222 may be configured to perform error correction, priority handling between logical channels of the UE 210 by logical channel prioritization, and / or padding through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in case of carrier aggregation (CA)). The MAC 212 and MAC 222 may support one or more numerologies and / or transmission timings. In one embodiment, mapping restrictions on logical channel prioritization can control which numerology and / or transmission timing a logical channel can use. As shown in Figure 3, MACs 212 and 222 can offer logical channels as services to RLCs 213 and 223.

[0040] The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform mapping of transport channels to physical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions to transmit and receive information over the air interface. These digital and analog signal processing functions may include, for example, encoding / decoding and modulation / demodulation. The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform multi-antenna mapping. As shown in FIG. 3, the PHYs 211 and 221 may provide one or more transport channels as a service to the MACs 212 and 222.

[0041] 4A illustrates an example of a downlink data flow through an NR user plane protocol stack. FIG. 4A illustrates a downlink data flow of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) through the NR user plane protocol stack, generating two TBs at the gNB 220. The uplink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack may be similar to the downlink data flow illustrated in FIG. 4A.

[0042] The downlink data flow in FIG. 4A begins when the SDAP 225 receives three IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packets to radio bearers. In FIG. 4A, the SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 to the first radio bearer 402 and maps IP packet m to the second radio bearer 404. An SDAP header (labeled "H" in FIG. 4A) is added to the IP packets. Data units from / to the higher protocol layer are called service data units (SDUs) of the lower protocol layer, and data units to / from the lower protocol layer are called protocol data units (PDUs) of the higher protocol layer. As shown in FIG. 4A, the data units from the SDAP 225 are the SDUs of the lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and the PDUs of the SDAP 225.

[0043] The remaining protocol layers in FIG. 4A may perform the relevant functions (e.g., with respect to FIG. 3), add corresponding headers, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer. For example, PDCP 224 may perform IP header compression and encryption and forward its output to RLC 223. RLC 223 may optionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in FIG. 4A) and forward its output to MAC 222. MAC 222 may multiplex several RLC PDUs and may attach MAC subheaders to the RLC PDUs to form a transport block. In NR, the MAC subheader may be distributed throughout the MAC PDU as shown in FIG. 4A. In LTE, the MAC subheader may be placed entirely at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDU structure may reduce processing time and associated delays because the MAC PDU subheaders may be calculated before the complete MAC PDU is assembled.

[0044] 4B shows an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU. The MAC subheader includes an SDU length field to indicate the length (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU that the MAC subheader corresponds to, a logical channel identifier (LCID) field to identify the logical channel that the MAC SDU initiated to assist in the demultiplexing process, a flag (F) to indicate the size of the SDU length field, and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

[0045] FIG. 4B further illustrates MAC Control Elements (CEs) inserted into the MAC PDU by a MAC, such as MAC 223 or MAC 222. For example, FIG. 4B illustrates two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs may be inserted at the beginning of the MAC PDU for downlink transmission (as shown in FIG. 4B) and at the end of the MAC PDU for uplink transmission. MAC CEs may be used for in-band control signaling. Examples of MAC CEs include scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports, activation / deactivation MAC CEs, such as for PDCP duplicate detection activation / deactivation, channel state information (CSI) reports, sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, and pre-configured components, discontinuous reception (DRX)-related MAC CEs, timing advancement MAC CEs, and random access-related MAC CEs. MAC CEs may be preceded by a MAC subheader of a format similar to that described for the MAC SDU and may be identified with a reserved value in the LCID field indicating the type of control information included in the MAC CE.

[0046] Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, we first describe logical, transport, and physical channels and the mapping between channel types. One or more channels may be used to perform functions related to the NR control plane protocol stack, as described below.

[0047] 5A and 5B show the mapping between logical, transport, and physical channels for the downlink and uplink, respectively. Information is transmitted through channels between the RLC, MAC, and PHY of the NR protocol stack. Logical channels can be used between the RLC and MAC and can be classified as control channels that carry control and configuration information in the NR control plane, or as traffic channels that carry data in the NR user plane. Logical channels can be classified as dedicated logical channels that are dedicated to a particular UE, or as common logical channels that can be used by multiple UEs. Logical channels can also be defined by the type of information they carry. The set of logical channels defined by NR includes, for example, - a paging control channel (PCCH) for displaying paging messages used to page UEs whose location is not known to the network at the cell level; A Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) for conveying system information messages in the form of a Master Information Block (MIB) and several System Information Blocks (SIBs), which may be used by UEs to obtain information about how the cell is configured and how to operate within the cell; and - a Common Control Channel (CCCH) for transmitting control messages together with random access; - a dedicated control channel (DCCH) for transmitting control messages to and from a specific UE to configure the UE; - Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) for transmitting user data to and from a specific UE.

[0048] Transport channels are used between the MAC and PHY layers and may be defined by how they transmit the information they transmit over the air interface. The set of transport channels defined by NR includes, for example: A paging channel (PCH) for transmitting paging messages originating from the PCCH; - a Broadcast Channel (BCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCCH; -A downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for transmitting downlink data and signaling messages, including SIBs from the BCCH; - an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for transmitting uplink data and signaling messages; A Random Access Channel (RACH) that allows a UE to connect to the network without prior scheduling.

[0049] The PHY can pass information between processing levels of the PHY using physical channels. A physical channel may have an associated set of time-frequency resources for carrying information for one or more transport channels. The PHY generates control information to support the lower level operation of the PHY and may provide control information to the lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels known as L1 / L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physical control channels defined by NR includes, for example: - a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCH; A Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH and paging messages from the PCH; A Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for carrying downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power control commands; A Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH and, in some examples, uplink control information (UCI), as described below; A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI, which may include a HARQ acknowledgement, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and a scheduling request (SR); A Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) for random access.

[0050] Similar to the physical control channel, the physical layer generates physical signals to support the low-level operations of the physical layer. As shown in Figures 5A and 5B, the physical layer signals defined by NR include the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and the Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS). These physical layer signals are described in more detail below.

[0051] 2B shows an example of an NR control plane protocol stack. In FIG. 2B, the NR control plane protocol stack may use the first four protocol layers that are the same / similar to the example NR user plane protocol stack. These four protocol layers include PHY 211 and 221, MAC 212 and 222, RLC 213 and 223, and PDCP 214 and 224. Instead of having SDAP 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR user plane protocol stack, the NR control plane stack has radio resource control (RRC) 216 and 226, and NAS protocols 217 and 237 at the top of the NR control plane protocol stack.

[0052] The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functions between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 (e.g., AMF 158A), or more generally, between the UE 210 and the CN. The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functions between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 via signaling messages called NAS messages. There is no direct path between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 over which NAS messages can be transmitted. NAS messages may be transmitted using the AS of the Uu and NG interfaces. The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functions such as authentication, security, connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

[0053] The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide a control plane function between the UE 210 and the gNB 220, or more generally, between the UE 210 and the RAN. The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide a control plane function between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 via signaling messages called RRC messages. The RRC messages may be transmitted between the UE 210 and the RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC may multiplex the control plane and user plane data within the same transport block (TB). The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functions such as broadcasting of system information related to the AS and the NAS, paging initiated by the CN or the RAN, establishment, maintenance, and release of an RRC connection between the UE 210 and the RAN, security functions including key management, establishment, configuration, maintenance, and release of signaling and data radio bearers, mobility functions, QoS management functions, control of UE measurement reporting and reporting, radio link failure (RLF) detection and recovery, and / or NAS message forwarding. As part of establishing an RRC connection, the RRCs 216 and 226 may establish an RRC context, which may involve setting parameters for communications between the UE 210 and the RAN.

[0054] FIG. 6 is an example diagram illustrating RRC state transitions of a UE. The UE may be the same as or similar to the wireless device 106 shown in FIG. 1A, the UE 210 shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other wireless device described in this disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the UE may be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_IDLE), and RRC inactive 606 (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE).

[0055] In the RRC connection 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may be similar to one of the base stations included in the RAN 104 shown in FIG. 1A, one of the gNB 160 or ng-eNB 162 shown in FIG. 1B, the gNB 220 shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other base station described in this disclosure. The base station to which the UE is connected may have an RRC context for the UE. The RRC context, referred to as the UE context, may include parameters for communication between the UE and the base station. These parameters may include, for example, one or more AS contexts, one or more radio link configuration parameters, bearer configuration information (e.g., related to data radio bearers, signaling radio bearers, logical channels, QoS flows, and / or PDU sessions), security information, and / or PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information. In the RRC connection 602, the mobility of the UE may be managed by the RAN (e.g., the RAN 104 or the NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure signal levels (e.g., reference signal levels) from the serving cell and neighboring cells and report these measurements to the base station currently serving the UE. The UE's serving base station may request a handover to a cell of one of the neighboring base stations based on the reported measurements. The RRC state may transition from RRC Connected 602 to RRC Idle 604 via a Connection Release procedure 608 or to RRC Inactive 606 via a Connection Deactivation procedure 610.

[0056] In RRC Idle 604, no RRC context may be established for the UE. In RRC Idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with a base station. During RRC Idle 604, the UE may be in a sleep state most of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may wake up periodically (e.g., once every discontinuous reception cycle) to monitor for paging messages from the RAN. UE mobility may be managed by the UE through a procedure known as cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC Idle 604 to RRC Connected 602 via a connection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure as discussed in more detail below.

[0057] In RRC Inactive 606, previously established RRC context is maintained in the UE and base station. This reduces signaling overhead and allows for a faster transition to RRC Connected 602 compared to transition from RRC Idle 604 to RRC Connected 602. In RRC Inactive 606, the UE is in a sleep state and UE mobility may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC Inactive 606 to RRC Connected 602 by a Connection Resume procedure 614 or to RRC Idle 604 via a Connection Release procedure 616 that is the same as or similar to the Connection Release procedure 608.

[0058] The RRC states may be associated with mobility management mechanisms. In RRC IDLE 604 and RRC INACTIVE 606, mobility is managed by the UE through cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC IDLE 604 and RRC INACTIVE 606 is to allow the network to inform the UE of events via paging messages without broadcasting the paging messages throughout the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanisms used in RRC IDLE 604 and RRC INACTIVE 606 may allow the network to track the UE on a cell group level, so that paging messages may be broadcast on cells of the cell group in which the UE is currently located instead of the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanisms in RRC IDLE 604 and RRC INACTIVE 606 track the UE on a cell group level. They may do so using different granularity of grouping. For example, there may be three levels of granularity of cell grouping: individual cells, cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN Area Identifier (RAI), and cells within a group of RAN areas called tracking areas and identified by a Tracking Area Identifier (TAI).

[0059] The tracking area may be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN (e.g., CN 102 or 5G-CN 152) may provide the UE with a list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell associated with a TAI that is not included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area, the UE may perform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update the UE's location and provide the UE with a new UE registration area.

[0060] The RAN area may be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in RRC inactive 606 state, the UE may be assigned a RAN notification area. The RAN notification area may include one or more cell identities, a list of RAIs, or a list of TAIs. In one embodiment, a base station may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. In one embodiment, a cell may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves through cell reselection to a cell that is not included in the RAN notification area assigned to the UE, the UE may perform a notification area update with the RAN to update the RAN notification area of ​​the UE.

[0061] A base station that stores an RRC context for a UE or a last serving base station for the UE may be referred to as an anchor base station. The anchor base station may maintain the RRC context for the UE at least during the time that the UE remains in the RAN notification area of ​​the anchor base station and / or during the time that the UE remains in RRC inactive 606.

[0062] A gNB, such as gNB 160 in FIG. 1B, can be divided into two parts: a central unit (gNB-CU) and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). The gNB-CU can be coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU can include RRC, PDCP, and SDAP. The gNB-DU can include RLC, MAC, and PHY.

[0063] In NR, physical signals and physical channels (FIGS. 5A and 5B) may be mapped onto orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM is a multicarrier communication scheme that transmits data on F orthogonal subcarriers (or tones). Before transmission, the data may be mapped to a series of complex symbols (e.g., M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) or M-phase shift keying (M-PSK) symbols), called source symbols, which are split into F parallel symbol streams. The F parallel symbol streams may be treated as if they were in the frequency domain and used as input to an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block that transforms them to the time domain. The IFFT block takes F source symbols, one at a time, from each of the F parallel symbol streams and can use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phase of one of the F sinusoidal basis functions corresponding to the F orthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block may be F time domain samples that represent a sum of the F orthogonal subcarriers. The F time domain samples may form a single OFDM symbol. After some processing (e.g., adding a cyclic prefix) and upconversion, the OFDM symbols provided by the IFFT block may be transmitted over the air interface at a carrier frequency. The F parallel symbol streams may be mixed using an FFT block before being processed by the IFFT block. This processing produces a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) pre-coded OFDM symbol, which can be used by UEs in the uplink to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Inverse processing may be performed on the OFDM symbols at the receiver using an FFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

[0064] FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame in which OFDM symbols are grouped. The NR frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN). The SFN may repeat at a period of 1024 frames. As illustrated, one NR frame may be 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration and may include 10 subframes that are 1 ms in duration. The subframes may be divided into slots that include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot.

[0065] The duration of a slot may depend on the numerology used for the OFDM symbol of the slot. In NR, flexible numerology is supported to accommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies less than 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in the mm-wave range). Numerology may be defined in terms of subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration. For numerology in NR, subcarrier spacing may be scaled up by powers of two from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and cyclic prefix duration may be scaled down by powers of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 μs. For example, NR defines numerology with the following subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz / 4.7 μs, 30 kHz / 2.3 μs, 60 kHz / 1.2 μs, 120 kHz / 0.59 μs, and 240 kHz / 0.29 μs.

[0066] A slot may have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). Numerologies with higher subcarrier spacing have shorter slot durations and correspondingly more slots per subframe. Figure 7 illustrates this numerology-dependent slot duration and slot-per-subframe transmission structure (for ease of illustration, a numerology with 240 kHz subcarrier spacing is not shown in Figure 7). Subframes in NR may be used as numerology-independent time references, while slots may be used as units around which uplink and downlink transmissions are scheduled. To support low latency, scheduling in NR is decoupled from slot duration and may start with any OFDM symbol and end with as many symbols as necessary for transmission. These partial slot transmissions may be called minislot or subslot transmissions.

[0067] FIG. 8 shows an example of a slot configuration in the time and frequency domain of an NR carrier. A slot includes resource elements (REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resource in NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrier in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An RB spans 12 consecutive REs in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An NR carrier may be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275×12=3300 subcarriers. Such limitations, if used, may limit an NR carrier to 50, 100, 200, and 400 MHz for subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz, respectively, and the 400 MHz bandwidth may be set based on the 400 MHz per carrier bandwidth limit.

[0068] Figure 8 shows a single numerology used across the entire bandwidth of an NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiple numerologies may be supported on the same carrier.

[0069] NR may support a wide range of carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz with 120 kHz subcarrier spacing). Not all UEs may be able to receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., hardware limitations), and receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive from a UE power consumption perspective. In one embodiment, to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes, the UE may adapt the size of its reception bandwidth based on the amount of traffic the UE plans to receive. This is called bandwidth adaptation.

[0070] NR defines a bandwidth portion (BWP) to support UEs that cannot receive the entire carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidth adaptation. In one embodiment, a BWP may be defined by a subset of contiguous RBs on a carrier. A UE may be configured (e.g., via the RRC layer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the BWPs configured for a serving cell may be active. These one or more BWPs may be referred to as the active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell may have one or more first active BWPs on the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs on the secondary uplink carrier.

[0071] For unpaired spectrum, a downlink BWP from a set of configured downlink BWPs may be linked with an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplink BWPs if the downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and the uplink BWP index of the uplink BWP are the same. For unpaired spectrum, the UE may expect the center frequency of the downlink BWP to be the same as the center frequency of the uplink BWP.

[0072] For a downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs on a primary cell (PCell), the base station may configure the UE with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search space is a set of locations in the time and frequency domain where the UE can find control information. The search space may be a UE-specific search space or a common search space (potentially usable by multiple UEs). For example, the base station may configure the UE with a common search space on a PCell or a primary secondary cell (PSCell) in an active downlink BWP.

[0073] For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, the BS may configure the UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions. The UE may receive a downlink reception (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in the downlink BWP according to the configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE may transmit an uplink transmission (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in the uplink BWP according to the configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

[0074] One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in the downlink control information (DCI). A value of the BWP indicator field may indicate which BWP of a set of configured BWPs is an active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. A value of the one or more BWP indicator fields may indicate an active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0075] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a default downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with the PCell. If the base station does not provide a default downlink BWP for the UE, the default downlink BWP may be the initial active downlink BWP. The UE may determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP based on the CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0076] The base station may configure the UE with a BWP inactivity timer value for the PCell. The UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer when (a) the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than a default downlink BWP for paired spectrum operation, or (b) the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP or an active uplink BWP other than a default downlink BWP or an uplink BWP for unpaired spectrum operation. If the UE does not detect a DCI for a certain period of time (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWP inactivity timer towards expiration (e.g., increasing it from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value or decreasing it from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE may be switched from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

[0077] In one embodiment, a base station may semi-statically configure a UE with one or more BWPs, and the UE may switch the active BWP from a first BWP to a second BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP as the active BWP and / or in response to expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., if the second BWP is a default BWP).

[0078] Downlink and uplink BWP switching (BWP switching refers to switching from a currently active BWP to a currently not active BWP) may be performed independently in paired spectrum. In unpaired spectrum, downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously. Switching between configured BWPs may occur based on RRC signaling, DCI, expiration of BWP inactivity timer, and / or initiation of random access.

[0079] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier. A UE configured with three BWPs may switch from one BWP to another BWP at a switching point. In the example illustrated in FIG. 9, the BWPs include BWP 902 with a bandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, BWP 904 with a bandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and BWP 906 with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. BWP 902 may be the initial active BWP, and BWP 904 may be the default BWP. The UE may switch between BWPs at a switching point. In the example of FIG. 9, the UE may switch from BWP 902 to BWP 904 at switching point 908. The switching at switching point 908 may occur for any suitable reason, for example, in response to expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (indicating switching to the default BWP) and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch from the active BWP 904 to BWP 906 at switching point 910 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP. The UE may switch from the active BWP 906 to BWP 904 at switching point 912 in response to expiration of a BWP inactivity timer and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch from the active BWP 904 to BWP 902 at switching point 914 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP.

[0080] If the UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWP in the set of configured downlink BWPs and timer values, the UE procedures for switching the BWP on the secondary cell may be the same / similar to those on the primary cell, e.g., the UE may use timer values ​​and default downlink BWPs for the secondary cell in the same / similar manner that the UE uses these values ​​for the primary cell.

[0081] To provide a larger data rate, carrier aggregation (CA) can be used to aggregate two or more carriers and transmit simultaneously to and from the same UE. The aggregated carrier in CA may be called a component carrier (CC). When using CA, there are many serving cells for the UE and one cell for the CC. The CC can have three configurations in the frequency domain:

[0082] 10A shows three CA configurations with two CCs. In the intra-band, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are located immediately adjacent to each other in the frequency band. In the intra-band, non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are separated in frequency bands by a gap. In the intra-band configuration 1006, the two CCs are located in frequency bands (frequency band A and frequency band B).

[0083] In one embodiment, up to 32 CCs may be aggregated. The aggregated CCs may have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and / or duplexing schemes (TDD or FDD). A serving cell of a UE using CA may have a downlink CC. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs may optionally be configured for the serving cell. Being able to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers may be useful, for example, when a UE has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

[0084] When using CA, one of the aggregation cells of the UE may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell). The PCell may be a serving cell to which the UE initially connects in RRC connection establishment, re-establishment, and / or handover. The PCell may provide the UE with NAS mobility information and security inputs. The UE may have different PCells. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as a downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as an uplink primary CC (UL PCC). The other aggregation cells of the UE may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells). In one embodiment, the SCell may be configured after the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, the SCell may be configured via an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell may be referred to as a downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell may be referred to as an uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0085] A configured SCell for a UE may be activated and deactivated based on, for example, traffic and channel conditions. Deactivation of a SCell may mean that PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell is deactivated and PUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmission on the SCell is deactivated. A configured SCell may be activated and deactivated using a MAC CE with respect to FIG. 4B. For example, the MAC CE may use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCell (e.g., among a subset of configured SCells) for a UE is activated or deactivated. A configured SCell may be deactivated in response to expiration of a SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

[0086] Downlink control information such as scheduling assignments and scheduling grants for a cell may be transmitted on the cell corresponding to the assignments and grants, known as self-scheduling. DCI for a cell may be transmitted on another cell, known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink control information for aggregation cells (e.g., HARQ acknowledgements and channel state feedback such as CQI, PMI, and / or RI) may be transmitted on the PUCCH of the PCell. A large number of aggregated downlink CCs may overload the PUCCH of the PCell. A cell may be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0087] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregation cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups. The PUCCH group 1010 and the PUCCH group 1050 may each include one or more downlink CCs. In the example of FIG. 10B, the PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: PCell 1011, SCell 1012, and SCell 1013. The PUCCH group 1050 includes three downlink CCs: PCell 1051, SCell 1052, and SCell 1053 in this example. One or more uplink CCs may be configured as PCell 1021, SCell 1022, and SCell 1023. One or more other uplink CCs may be configured as Primary SCell (PSCell) 1061, SCell 1062, and SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) associated with downlink CCs of PUCCH group 1010, denoted as UCI 1031, UCI 1032, and UCI 1033, may be transmitted on the uplink of PCell 1021. Uplink control information (UCI) associated with downlink CCs of PUCCH group 1050, denoted as UCI 1071, UCI 1072, and UCI 1073, may be transmitted on the uplink of PSCell 1061. In one embodiment, if the aggregation cells depicted in FIG. 10B are not divided into PUCCH group 1010 and PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell and PCell for transmitting UCI associated with downlink CCs may be overloaded. By dividing the transmission of UCI between PCell 1021 and PSCell 1061, the overload may be prevented.

[0088] A cell including a downlink carrier and an optional uplink carrier may be assigned a physical cell ID and a cell index. The physical cell ID or cell index may identify the downlink carrier and / or uplink carrier of a cell, depending on, for example, the context in which the physical cell ID is used. The physical cell ID may be determined using a synchronization signal transmitted on a downlink component carrier. The cell index may be determined using an RRC message. In this disclosure, the physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID. The cell index may be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when this disclosure refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, this disclosure may mean that the first physical cell ID is for a cell including the first downlink carrier. The same concept may apply to, for example, carrier activation. When this disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, this specification may mean that a cell including the first carrier is activated.

[0089] In CA, the multi-carrier nature of the PHY may be exposed to the MAC. In one embodiment, a HARQ entity may operate on the serving cell. Transport blocks may be generated per assignment / grant per serving cell. Transport blocks and potential HARQ retransmissions of transport blocks may be mapped to the serving cell.

[0090] In the downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) one or more reference signals (RS) (e.g., PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and / or PT-RS as shown in FIG. 5A) to the UE. In the uplink, the UE may transmit one or more RS to the base station (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, and / or SRS as shown in FIG. 5B). The PSS and SSS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize the UE to the base station. The PSS and SSS may be provided in a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block that includes the PSS, SSS, and PBCH. The base station may periodically transmit bursts of the SS / PBCH block.

[0091] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of a structure and location of an SS / PBCH block. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks may include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., four SS / PBCH blocks as shown in FIG. 11A). A burst may be transmitted periodically (e.g., every two frames or every 20 ms). A burst may be limited to a half frame (e.g., the first half frame having a duration of 5 ms). It will be appreciated that FIG. 11A is an example, and these parameters (number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, periodicity of the burst, location of the burst within a frame) may be configured based on, for example, the carrier frequency of the cell in which the SS / PBCH block is transmitted, the numerology or subcarrier spacing of the cell, configuration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling), or any other suitable factor. In one example, the UE may assume a subcarrier spacing for the SS / PBCH block based on the monitored carrier frequency, unless the wireless network configures the UE to assume a different subcarrier spacing.

[0092] An SS / PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., four OFDM symbols as shown in the example of FIG. 11A) and one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 consecutive subcarriers). The PSS, SSS, and PBCH may have a common center frequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, one OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., the last two symbols) and may span one OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., over the next three OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

[0093] The location of the SS / PBCH block in the time and frequency domain may not be known to the UE (e.g., when the UE is searching for a cell). To find and select a cell, the UE may monitor the carrier for a PSS. For example, the UE may monitor a frequency location within the carrier. If the PSS is not found after a certain period of time (e.g., 20 ms), the UE may search for a PSS at a different frequency location within the carrier as indicated by the synchronization raster. If the PSS is found at a location in the time and frequency domain, the UE may determine the location of the SSS and PBCH, respectively, based on the known structure of the SS / PBCH block. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell-defined SS block (CD-SSB). In one embodiment, the primary cell may be associated with the CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on the synchronization raster. In one embodiment, cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD-SSB.

[0094] The SS / PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or more parameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the PSS and SSS sequences, respectively. The UE may determine a location of a frame boundary of the cell based on the location of the SS / PBCH block. For example, the SS / PBCH block may indicate that it was transmitted according to a transmission pattern, where the SS / PBCH block is a known distance from a frame boundary.

[0095] The PBCH may use QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction (FEC). The FEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH may carry one or more DMRS for demodulation of the PBCH. The PBCH may include an indication of the cell's current system frame number (SFN) and / or SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters may facilitate time synchronization of the UE to the base station. The PBCH may include a Master Information Block (MIB) used to provide the UE with one or more parameters. The MIB may be used by the UE to find the Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI may include System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). SIB1 may include information necessary for the UE to access the cell. The UE may use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor the PDCCH, which may be used to schedule the PDSCH. The PDSCH may include SIB1. SIB1 may be decoded using the parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate the absence of SIB1. Based on the PBCH indicating that SIB1 is not present, the UE may point to a frequency, and the UE may search for an SS / PBCH block on the frequency to which the UE is pointed.

[0096] The UE may assume that one or more SS / PBCH blocks transmitted with the same SS / PBCH block index are quasi-co-located (QCL'd) (e.g., have the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume that the QCL's for the SS / PBCH block transmissions have different SS / PBCH block indices.

[0097] SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., blocks within a half frame) may be transmitted in spatial directions (e.g., using different beams across the coverage area of ​​a cell). In one embodiment, a first SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and a second SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial direction using a second beam.

[0098] In one embodiment, within the frequency span of a carrier, a base station may transmit multiple SS / PBCH blocks. In one embodiment, a first PCI of a first SS / PBCH block of the multiple SS / PBCH blocks may be different from a second PCI of a second SS / PBCH block of the multiple SS / PBCH blocks. The PCIs of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted at different frequency locations may be different or may be the same.

[0099] The CSI-RS may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE to obtain channel state information (CSI). The base station may configure the UE with one or more CSI-RS for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station may configure the UE with one or more of the same / similar CSI-RS. The UE may measure one or more CSI-RS. The UE may estimate downlink channel conditions and / or generate a CSI report based on measurements of one or more downlink CSI-RS. The UE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station may perform link adaptation using feedback provided by the UE (e.g., estimated downlink channel conditions).

[0100] A base station may semi-statically configure a UE with one or more CSI-RS resource sets. The CSI-RS resources may be associated with a location and periodicity in the time and frequency domain. The base station may selectively activate and / or deactivate CSI-RS resources. The base station may indicate to the UE that CSI-RS resources in a CSI-RS resource set are activated and / or deactivated.

[0101] The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurements. The base station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically, aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UE may be configured with the timing and / or periodicity of the CSI reports. For aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station may request the CSI reports. For example, the base station may instruct the UE to measure configured CSI-RS resources and provide a CSI report on the measurements. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station may configure the UE to periodically transmit and selectively start or stop periodic reports. The base station may configure the UE with the CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

[0102] The CSI-RS configuration may include, for example, one or more parameters indicating up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to use the same OFDM symbol for the downlink CSI-RS and control resource set (CORESET) if the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCL'd and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of a physical resource block (PRB) configured for CORESET. The UE may be configured to use the same OFDM symbol for the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH block if the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH block are spatially QCL'd and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of a PRB configured for the SS / PBCH block.

[0103] The downlink DMRS may be transmitted by a base station and may be used by a UE for channel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS may be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). An NR network may support one or more variable and / or configurable DMRS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlink DMRS configuration may support a frontloaded DMRS pattern. The frontloaded DMRS may be mapped to one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with the number (e.g., maximum number) of frontloaded DMRS symbols of the PDSCH. The DMRS configuration may support one or more DMRS ports. For example, in the case of single-user MIMO, the DMRS configuration may support up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. In the case of multi-user MIMO, the DMRS configuration may support up to four orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. The wireless network may support a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM). The DMRS position, DMRS pattern, and / or scrambling sequence may be the same or different. The base station may transmit the downlink DMRS and corresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE may use one or more downlink DMRS for coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.

[0104] In one embodiment, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) may use a precoder matrix for a portion of a transmission bandwidth. For example, the transmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoder matrix and the second precoder matrix may be different based on the first bandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE may assume that the same precoding matrix is ​​used across a set of PRBs. The set of PRBs may be denoted as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

[0105] The PDSCH may include one or more layers. The UE may assume that at least one symbol with a DMRS is present on one or more layers of the PDSCH. Higher layers may configure up to three DMRS for the PDSCH.

[0106] The downlink PT-RS may be transmitted by the base station and may be used by the UE for phase noise compensation. Whether the downlink PT-RS is present depends on the RRC configuration. The presence and / or pattern of the downlink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis using a combination of RRC signaling and / or an association with one or more parameters used for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)) that may be indicated by DCI. If configured, the dynamic presence of the downlink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters including at least the MCS. The NR network may support multiple PT-RS densities defined in the time and / or frequency domain. The frequency domain density, if present, may be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume the same precoding for the DMRS and PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports may be less than the number of DMRS ports in the scheduled resources. The downlink PT-RS may be restricted to the scheduled time / frequency period of the UE. The downlink PT-RS may be transmitted on symbols to facilitate phase tracking at the receiver.

[0107] The UE may transmit an uplink DMRS to a base station for channel estimation. For example, the base station may use the uplink DMRS for coherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels. For example, the UE may transmit the uplink DMRS on a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The uplink DM-RS may span a range of frequencies similar to the range of frequencies associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station may configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRS configurations. At least one DMRS configuration may support a frontloaded DMRS pattern. The frontloaded DMRS may be mapped to one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). The one or more uplink DMRS may be configured to transmit on one or more symbols of the PUSCH and / or the PUCCH. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., a maximum number) of frontloaded DMRS symbols for the PUSCH and / or the PUCCH that the UE may use to schedule single-symbol DMRS and / or dual-symbol DMRS. An NR network may support a common DMRS structure for the downlink and uplink (e.g., for Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM)), where the DMRS location, DMRS pattern, and / or scrambling sequence for the DMRS may be the same or different.

[0108] The PUSCH may include one or more layers, and the UE may transmit at least one symbol having a DMRS present on one or more layers of the PUSCH. In one embodiment, higher layers may configure up to three DMRSs for the PUSCH.

[0109] An uplink PT-RS (which may be used by the base station for phase tracking and / or phase noise compensation) may or may not be present depending on the RRC configuration of the UE. The presence and / or pattern of the uplink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis by a combination of one or more parameters used for other purposes (e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)) that may be indicated by RRC signaling and / or DCI. If configured, the dynamic presence of the uplink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters including at least the MCS. The wireless network may support multiple uplink PT-RS densities defined in the time / frequency domain. The frequency domain density, if present, may be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume the same precoding for the DMRS and PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports may be less than the number of DMRS ports in the scheduled resources. For example, the uplink PT-RS may be restricted to the scheduled time / frequency period of the UE.

[0110] The SRS may be transmitted by the UE to the base station for channel condition estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. The SRS transmitted by the UE may enable the base station to estimate uplink channel conditions at one or more frequencies. The base station scheduler may use the estimated uplink channel conditions to allocate one or more resource blocks for uplink PUSCH transmission from the UE. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base station may configure the UE with one or more SRS resources. The SRS resource set applicability may be configured by higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameters. For example, if the higher layer parameters indicate beam management, the SRS resources in one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., having the same / similar time domain behavior, periodicity, aperiodicity, and / or the like) may be transmitted instantaneously (e.g., simultaneously). The UE may transmit one or more SRS resources in the SRS resource set. An NR network may support aperiodic, periodic, and / or semi-persistent SRS transmission. The UE may transmit SRS resources based on one or more trigger types, which may include higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. In one embodiment, at least one DCI format may be used for the UE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets. SRS trigger type 0 may refer to SRS triggered based on higher layer signaling. SRS trigger type 1 may refer to SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. In one embodiment, if the PUSCH and SRS are transmitted in the same slot, the UE may be configured to transmit the SRS after the transmission of the PUSCH and the corresponding uplink DMRS.

[0111] The base station may quasi-statistically configure the UE with one or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of an SRS resource configuration identifier, a number of SRS ports, a time domain behavior of the SRS resource configuration (e.g., an indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS), a slot, minislot, and / or subframe level periodicity, an offset for periodic and / or aperiodic SRS resources, a number of OFDM symbols in the SRS resource, a starting OFDM symbol of the SRS resource, an SRS bandwidth, a frequency hopping bandwidth, a periodic shift, and / or an SRS sequence ID.

[0112] The antenna ports are defined such that a channel on which a symbol on an antenna port is carried can be inferred from a channel on which another symbol on the same antenna port is carried. When a first symbol and a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, a receiver may infer a channel (e.g., fade gain, multipath delay, and / or the like) on which a second symbol on an antenna port is carried from the channel on which the first symbol on the antenna port is carried. A first antenna port and a second antenna port may be referred to as quasi-co-located (QCLed) if one or more large-scale characteristics of a channel on which a first symbol on a first antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from a channel on which a second symbol on a second antenna port is transmitted. The one or more large-scale characteristics may include at least one of delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial receive (Rx) parameters.

[0113] In a channel using beamforming, beam management is required. Beam management may include beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. A beam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example, a beam may be identified by one or more beamforming reference signals. The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on a downlink reference signal (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) and generate a beam measurement report. The UE may perform a downlink beam measurement procedure after an RRC connection is set up with the base station.

[0114] FIG. 11B illustrates an example of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) mapped to the time and frequency domain. The squares illustrated in FIG. 11B may span resource blocks (RBs) within the bandwidth of a cell. The base station may transmit one or more RRC messages including CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicating one or more CSI-RS. One or more of the following parameters may be set by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling) for the CSI-RS resource configuration: CSI-RS resource configuration identity, number of CSI-RS ports, CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) location within a subframe), CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe position, offset, and radio frame periodicity), CSI-RS power parameters, CSI-RS sequence parameters, code division multiplexing (CDM) type parameters, frequency density, transmit comb, quasi-collocation (QCL) parameters (e.g., QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist, csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and / or other radio resource parameters.

[0115] The three beams shown in FIG. 11B may be configured for a UE in a UE-specific configuration. Three beams are shown in FIG. 11B (Beam #1, Beam #2, and Beam #3), and more or less beams may be configured. Beam #1 may be assigned with CSI-RS 1101, which may be transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the RB of the first symbol. Beam #2 may be assigned with CSI-RS 1102, which may be transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the RB of the second symbol. Beam #3 may be assigned with CSI-RS 1103, which may be transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the RB of the third symbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), the base station may transmit another CSI-RS associated with another UE's beam using other subcarriers in the same RB (e.g., not used to transmit CSI-RS 1101). By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), the beam used for a UE may be configured such that the UE's beam uses symbols from the other UE's beam.

[0116] The CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102, 1103) shown in FIG. 11B may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for one or more measurements. For example, the UE may measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the configured CSI-RS resources. The base station may configure the UE with a reporting configuration, and the UE may report the RSRP measurements to the network (e.g., via one or more base stations) based on the reporting configuration. In one embodiment, the base station may determine one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states including some reference signals based on the reported measurement results. In one embodiment, the base station may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling, MAC CE, and / or DCI). The UE may receive a downlink transmission with a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one or more TCI states. In one embodiment, the UE may or may not have beam correspondence capability. If the UE has beam correspondence capability, the UE may determine a spatial domain filter of a transmit (Tx) beam based on the spatial domain filter of the corresponding Rx beam. If the UE does not have beam correspondence capability, the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine a spatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure based on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources configured for the UE by the base station. The base station may select and indicate an uplink beam for the UE based on measurements of one or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

[0117] In a beam management procedure, the UE may evaluate (e.g., measure) channel quality of one or more beam pair links, including a transmit beam transmitted by the base station and a receive beam received by the UE. Based on the evaluation, the UE may transmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pair quality parameters including, for example, one or more beam identities (e.g., beam index, reference signal index, or the like), RSRP, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or a rank indicator (RI).

[0118] FIG. 12A shows examples of three downlink beam management procedures, P1, P2, and P3. Procedure P1 may enable UE measurements at a transmit (Tx) beam of a transmit receive point (TRP) (or multiple TRPs) to support selection of, for example, one or more base station Tx beams and / or UE Rx beams (shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of P1, respectively). Beamforming at a TRP may include a Tx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown as an ellipse rotating counterclockwise as shown by the dashed arrows in the top rows of P1 and P2). Beamforming at a UE may include a Rx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown as an ellipse rotating clockwise as shown by the dashed arrows in the bottom rows of P1 and P3). Procedure P2 may be used to enable UE measurements at a Tx beam of a TRP (shown as an ellipse rotating counterclockwise as shown by the dashed arrows in the top row of P2). The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure P2 using a smaller set of beams than used in procedure P1, or using narrower beams than used in procedure P1, which may be referred to as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure P3 for Rx beam determination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweeping the Rx beams at the UE.

[0119] FIG. 12B shows examples of three uplink beam management procedures, U1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 may be used, for example, to enable the base station to perform measurements on the UE's Tx beams to support the selection of one or more UE Tx beams and / or base station Rx beams (shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of U1, respectively). Beamforming at the UE may include, for example, a Tx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown as clockwise rotated ellipses shown with dashed arrows in the bottom rows of U1 and U3). Beamforming at the base station may include, for example, a Rx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown as counterclockwise rotated ellipses shown with dashed arrows in the top rows of U1 and U2). Procedure U2 may be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UE uses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and / or base station may implement procedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than used in procedure P1, or using narrower beams than used in procedure P1. This may be called beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure U3 to adjust its Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.

[0120] The UE may initiate a Beam Failure Recovery (BFR) procedure based on the detection of a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., a preamble, UCI, SR, MAC CE, and / or the like) based on the initiation of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect beam failure based on a determination that the quality of the beam pair link of the associated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., has an error rate higher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower than a received signal power threshold, a timer expires, and / or the like).

[0121] The UE may measure the quality of the beam pair link using one or more reference signals (RSs) including one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). The quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more of a block error rate (BLER), an RSRP value, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, and / or a CSI value measured on the RS resource. The base station may indicate that the RS resource is quasi-co-located (QCLed) with one or more DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared data channel, and / or the like). The RS resource and one or more DMRSs of the channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameters, fade, and / or the like) from a transmission to the UE over the RS resource are similar or identical to the channel characteristics from a transmission to the UE over the channel.

[0122] The network (e.g., gNB and / or ng-eNB of the network) and / or the UE may initiate a random access procedure. A UE in RRC_IDLE state and / or a UE in RRC_INACTIVE state may initiate a random access procedure to request a connection setup to the network. A UE may initiate a random access procedure from an RRC_CONNECTED state. A UE may initiate a random access procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplink transmission of SR when no PUCCH resources are available) and / or to acquire uplink timing (e.g., when the uplink synchronization state is not synchronized). A UE may initiate a random access procedure to request one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., SIB2, SIB3, and / or other system information such as similar). A UE may initiate a random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. A network may initiate a random access procedure to establish time alignment for handover and / or for SCell addition.

[0123] Figure 13A shows a four-step contention-based random access procedure. Before the procedure begins, the base station may transmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. Figure 13A includes the transmission of four messages: Msg1 1311, Msg2 1312, Msg3 1313, and Msg4 1314. Msg1 1311 may include and / or be referred to as a preamble (or random access preamble). Msg2 1312 may include and / or be referred to as a random access response (RAR).

[0124] The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, using one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate one or more Random Access Channel (RACH) parameters to the UE. The one or more RACH parameters may include at least one of general parameters (e.g., RACH-configGeneral), cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon), and / or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated) for one or more random access procedures. The base station may broadcast or multicast the one or more RRC messages to the one or more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g., dedicated RRC messages transmitted to the UE in RRC_CONNECTED and / or RRC_INACTIVE states). The UE may determine time-frequency resources and / or uplink transmit power for transmission of Msg1 1311 and / or Msg3 1313 based on the one or more RACH parameters. Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine the receive timing and downlink channel for receiving Msg2 1312 and Msg4 1314.

[0125] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may indicate one or more physical RACH (PRACH) opportunities available for transmission of Msg1 1311. The one or more PRACH opportunities may be predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH opportunities (e.g., prach-ConfigIndex). The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more PRACH opportunities and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals may be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RS. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to the PRACH opportunities and / or a number of preambles mapped to the SS / PBCH blocks.

[0126] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may be used to determine the uplink transmission power of Msg1 1311 and / or Msg3 1313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a reference power for the preamble transmission (e.g., a received target power and / or an initial power of the preamble transmission). There may be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACH parameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a power ramping step, a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS, a power offset between the transmissions of Msg1 1311 and Msg3 1313, and / or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds for which the UE may determine at least one reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or a complementary uplink (SUL) carrier).

[0127] Msg1 1311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., a preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). The RRC message may be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., Group A and / or Group B). The preamble group may include one or more preambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on impairment measurements and / or the size of Msg3 1313. The UE may measure the RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and determine at least one reference signal having an RSRP above an RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). The UE may select at least one preamble associated with the one or more reference signals and / or the selected preamble group, e.g., if an association between the one or more preambles and the at least one reference signal is configured by the RRC message.

[0128] The UE may determine the preamble based on one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310. For example, the UE may determine the preamble based on an impairment measurement, an RSRP measurement, and / or a size of Msg3 1313. As another example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds for determining a preamble format, a maximum number of preamble transmissions, and / or one or more preamble groups (e.g., Group A and Group B). The base station may configure the UE with an association between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) using the one or more RACH parameters. If an association is configured, the UE may determine a preamble to include in Msg1 1311 based on the association. Msg1 1311 may be transmitted to the base station over one or more PRACH opportunities. The UE may use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) for preamble selection and PRACH opportunity determination. One or more RACH parameters (eg, ra-ssb-OccasionMskIndex and / or ra-OccasionList) may indicate an association between a PRACH opportunity and one or more reference signals.

[0129] The UE may perform a preamble retransmission if no response is received after the preamble transmission. The UE may increase the uplink transmit power for the preamble retransmission. The UE may select an initial preamble transmit power based on an impairment measurement and / or a target received preamble power configured by the network. The UE may decide to retransmit the preamble and may ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE may receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating a ramping step for the preamble retransmission. The ramping step may be the amount of incremental increase in the uplink transmit power for the retransmission. If the UE determines a reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) that is the same as the previous preamble transmission, the UE may ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE may count the number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER). The UE may determine that the random access procedure has completed unsuccessfully, for example, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds a threshold configured by one or more RACH parameters (eg, preambleTransMax).

[0130] The Msg2 1312 received by the UE may include an RAR. In some scenarios, Msg2 1312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs. Msg2 1312 may be received after or in response to the transmission of Msg1 1311. Msg2 1312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH and indicated on the PDCCH using a Random Access RNTI (RA-RNTI). Msg2 1312 may indicate that Msg1 1311 was received by the base station. Msg2 1312 may include a time alignment command that the UE may use to adjust the UE's transmission timing, a scheduling grant for the transmission of Msg3 1313, and / or a Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). After transmitting the preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor the PDCCH for Msg2 1312. The UE may determine when to start the time window based on the PRACH opportunity that the UE uses to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start the time window one or more symbols after the last symbol of the preamble (e.g., at the first PDCCH opportunity from the end of the preamble transmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on numerology. The PDCCH may be within a common search space (e.g., Type1-PDCCH common search space) configured by the RRC message. The UE may identify the RAR based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI). The RNTI may be used in response to one or more events that initiate the random access procedure. The UE may use a Random Access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI may be associated with the PRACH opportunity on which the UE transmits the preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTI based on an OFDM symbol index, a slot index, a frequency domain index, and / or a UL carrier indicator of the PRACH opportunity. Examples of the RA-RNTI may be as follows: RA-RNTI=1+s_id+14×t_id+14×80×f_id+14×80×8×ul_carrier_id Here, s_id may be the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH opportunity (e.g., 0≦s_id<14), t_id may be the index of the first slot of the PRACH opportunity in the system frame (e.g., 0≦t_id<80), f_id may be the index of the PRACH opportunity in the frequency domain (e.g., 0≦f_id<8), and ul_carrier_id may be the UL carrier used for preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for NUL carrier and 1 for SUL carrier).

[0131] The UE may transmit Msg3 1313 in response to successful reception of Msg2 1312 (e.g., using resources identified in Msg2 1312). Msg3 1313 may be used for contention resolution, for example, in the contention-based random access procedure shown in FIG. 13A. In some scenarios, multiple UEs may transmit the same preamble to the base station, and the base station may provide the UE with a corresponding RAR. If multiple UEs interpret the RAR as corresponding to themselves, a mismatch may occur. Contention resolution (e.g., use of Msg3 1313 and Msg4 1314) may be used to increase the likelihood that the UE does not mistakenly use the identity of another UE. To perform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier in Msg3 1313 (e.g., C-RNTI, if assigned, TC-RNTI included in Msg2 1312, and / or any other suitable identifier).

[0132] Msg4 1314 may be received after or in response to the transmission of Msg3 1313. If a C-RNTI was included in Msg3 1313, the base station uses the C-RNTI to address the UE on the PDCCH. If the UE's unique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure is determined to have been completed successfully. If a TC-RNTI is included in Msg3 1313 (e.g., the UE is in an RRC_IDLE state or is otherwise not connected to the base station), Msg4 1314 is received using the DL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If the MAC PDU is successfully decoded and matches the CCCH SDU sent (e.g., transmitted) in Msg3 1313 or otherwise includes a corresponding UE contention resolution identity MAC CE, the UE may determine that contention resolution was successful and / or the UE may determine that the random access procedure was completed successfully.

[0133] A UE may be configured with a complementary uplink (SUL) carrier and a normal uplink (NUL) carrier. Initial access (e.g., random access procedure) may be supported on the uplink carrier. For example, a base station may configure a UE with two separate RACH configurations, one for a SUL carrier and one for a NUL carrier. For random access in a cell configured with a SUL carrier, the network may indicate which carrier (NUL or SUL) to use. The UE may determine the SUL carrier, for example, if the measured quality of one or more reference signals is lower than a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions of random access procedures (e.g., Msg1 1311 and / or Msg3 1313) may remain on the selected carrier. The UE may switch uplink carriers during a random access procedure (e.g., between Msg1 1311 and Msg3 1313) in one or more cases. For example, the UE may determine and / or switch uplink carriers for Msg1 1311 and / or Msg3 1313 based on a channel clear assessment (eg, listen-before-talk).

[0134] Figure 13B illustrates a two-step contention-free random access procedure. Similar to the four-step contention-based random access procedure illustrated in Figure 13A, the base station may transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE before the procedure begins. The configuration message 1320 may be similar in some respects to the configuration message 1310. Figure 13B includes the transmission of two messages, Msg1 1321 and Msg2 1322. Msg1 1321 and Msg2 1322 may be similar in some respects to Msg1 1311 and Msg2 1312, respectively, illustrated in Figure 13A. As can be seen from Figures 13A and 13B, the contention-free random access procedure may not include messages similar to Msg3 1313 and / or Msg4 1314.

[0135] The contention-free random access procedure shown in Figure 13B may be initiated for beam failure recovery, other SI requests, SCell addition, and / or handover. For example, the base station may indicate or assign to the UE the preamble to be used in Msg1 1321. The UE may receive an indication of the preamble (e.g., ra-PreambleIndex) from the base station via PDCCH and / or RRC.

[0136] After transmitting the preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor the PDCCH of the RAR. In the case of a beam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UE with a separate time window and / or separate PDCCH within the search space indicated by the RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceId). The UE may monitor for PDCCH transmissions addressed to the Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) on the search space. In the contention-free random access procedure shown in FIG. 13B, the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed after or in response to transmitting Msg1 1321 and receiving the corresponding Msg2 1322. The UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed, for example, if the PDCCH transmission is addressed to the C-RNTI. The UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed, for example, if the UE receives an RAR including a preamble identifier corresponding to a preamble transmitted by the UE and / or if the RAR includes a MAC sub-PDU including the preamble identifier. The UE may determine the response as an indication of confirmation to the SI request.

[0137] Figure 13C shows another two-step random access procedure. Similar to the random access procedure shown in Figures 13A and 13B, the base station can send a configuration message 1330 to the UE before the procedure begins. The configuration message 1330 can be similar in some respects to the configuration message 1310 and / or the configuration message 1320. Figure 13C includes the transmission of two messages, namely Msg A 1331 and Msg B 1332.

[0138] Msg A 1331 may be transmitted in an uplink transmission by the UE. Msg A 1331 may include one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block 1342 may include content similar and / or equivalent to the content of Msg3 1313 shown in FIG. 13A. The transport block 1342 may include UCI (e.g., SR, HARQ ACK / NACK, and / or the like). The UE may receive Msg B 1332 after or in response to the transmission of Msg A 1331. Msg B 1332 may include content similar and / or equivalent to the content of Msg 2 1312 (e.g., RAR) shown in FIG. 13A and 13B and / or the content of Msg4 1314 shown in FIG. 13A.

[0139] The UE may initiate the two-step random access procedure of Figure 13C for licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine whether to initiate the two-step random access procedure based on one or more factors. The one or more factors may be the radio access technology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, and / or the like), whether the UE has a valid TA, the cell size, the RRC state of the UE, the type of spectrum (e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed), and / or any other suitable factor.

[0140] The UE may determine radio resources and / or uplink transmit power for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342 included in Msg A 1331 based on the two-step RACH parameters included in the configuration message 1330. The RACH parameters may indicate a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), time frequency resources, and / or power control for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342. The time frequency resources for the transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., PRACH) and the time frequency resources for the transmission of the transport block 1342 (e.g., PUSCH) may be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and / or CDM. The RACH parameters may enable the UE to determine the receive timing and downlink channel for monitoring and / or receiving Msg B 1332.

[0141] The transport block 1342 may include data (e.g., delay sensitive data), a UE identifier, security information, and / or device information (e.g., International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The base station may send Msg B 1332 in response to Msg A 1331. Msg B 1332 may include at least one of a preamble identifier, a timing advance command, a power control command, an uplink grant (e.g., radio resource allocation and / or MCS), a UE identifier for contention resolution, and / or an RNTI (e.g., C-RNTI or TC-RNTI). The UE may determine that the two-step random access procedure is successfully completed if the preamble identifier in Msg B 1332 matches the preamble transmitted by the UE and / or the UE identifier in Msg B 1332 matches the UE identifier (e.g., transport block 1342) in Msg A 1331.

[0142] The UE and the base station may exchange control signaling, which may be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling, and may originate from the PHY layer (e.g., Layer 1) and / or the MAC layer (e.g., Layer 2). The control signaling may include downlink control signaling transmitted from the base station to the UE and / or uplink control signaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

[0143] The downlink control signaling may include downlink scheduling assignments, uplink scheduling grants indicating uplink radio resources and / or transport formats, slot format information, preemption indications, power control commands, and / or any other suitable signaling. A UE may receive the downlink control signaling in a payload transmitted by a base station on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred to as Downlink Control Information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH may be a Group Common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) that is common to a group of UEs.

[0144] The base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) parity bits to the DCI to facilitate detection of transmission errors. If the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of UEs), the base station may scramble the CRC parity bits with an identifier of the UE (or an identifier of the group of UEs). Scrambling the CRC parity bits with an identifier may include a modulo-2 addition (or exclusive OR) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier may include a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), which is a 16-bit value.

[0145] DCIs may be used for different purposes. The purpose may be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, a DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) may indicate paging information and / or system information change notification. The P-RNTI may be predefined as "FFFE" in hexadecimal. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) may indicate a broadcast transmission of system information. The SI-RNTI may be predefined as "FFFF" in hexadecimal. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) may indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a unicast transmission of a dynamic schedule and / or a random access of a PDCCH order trigger. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with the Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate contention resolution (e.g., Msg3 similar to Msg3 1313 shown in FIG. 13A). Encodings of other RNTIs configured by the base station in the UE include Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), Transmit Power Control-PUCCH RNTI (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), Transmit Power Control-PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), Transmit Power Control-SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), Interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI), Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), and / or the like.

[0146] Depending on the purpose and / or content of the DCI, the base station may transmit the DCI in one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format 0_0 may be used for scheduling the PUSCH in the cell. DCI format 0_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., has a compact DCI payload). DCI format 0_1 ​​may be used for scheduling the PUSCH in the cell (e.g., has a larger DCI payload than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 may be used for scheduling the PDSCH in the cell. DCI format 1_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., has a compact DCI payload). DCI format 1_1 may be used for scheduling the PDSCH in the cell (e.g., has a larger DCI payload than DCI format 1_0). DCI format 2_0 may be used to provide a slot format indication to a group of UEs. DCI format 2_1 may be used to inform a group of UEs of the physical resource blocks and / or OFDM symbols that the UE assumes are not intended for transmission to the UE. DCI format 2_2 may be used for transmission of transmit power control (TPC) commands for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 may be used for transmission of a group of TPC commands for SRS transmission by one or more UEs. DCI formats for new features may be defined in future releases. DCI formats may have different DCI sizes or share the same DCI size.

[0147] After scrambling the DCI with the RNTI, the base station may process the DCI using channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scrambling, and / or QPSK modulation. The base station may map the coded and modulated DCI onto resource elements used and / or configured for the PDCCH. Based on the payload size of the DCI and / or the coverage of the base station, the base station may transmit the DCI via the PDCCH occupying several consecutive control channel elements (CCEs). The number of consecutive CCEs (called an aggregation level) may be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. A CCE may include a number of resource element groups (REGs) (e.g., 6). A REG may include a resource block within an OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI onto resource elements may be based on a mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE to REG mapping).

[0148] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of a CORESET configuration for a bandwidth portion. A base station may transmit DCI via a PDCCH on one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may include time-frequency resources on which a UE attempts to decode DCI using one or more search spaces. A base station may configure a CORESET in the time-frequency domain. In the example of FIG. 14A, a first CORESET 1401 and a second CORESET 1402 occur at a first symbol in a slot. The first CORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. A third CORESET 1403 occurs at a third symbol in a slot. A fourth CORESET 1404 occurs at a seventh symbol of a slot. The CORESETs may have different numbers of resource blocks in the frequency domain.

[0149] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing. The CCE-to-REG mapping may be interleaved (e.g., to provide frequency diversity) or non-interleaved (e.g., to facilitate interference coordination and / or frequency selective transmission of control channels). A base station may perform different or identical CCE-to-REG mappings on different CORESETs. A CORESET may be associated with a CCE-to-REG mapping by RRC configuration. A CORESET may be configured with an antenna port quasi-co-location (QCL) parameter. The QCL parameter of an antenna port may indicate the QCL information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCH reception in the CORESET.

[0150] The base station may send an RRC message to the UE including configuration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. The configuration parameters may indicate an association between the search space set and the CORESET. The search space set may include a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregation level. The configuration parameters may indicate the number of PDCCH candidates monitored per aggregation level, a PDCCH monitoring periodicity and a PDCCH monitoring pattern, one or more DCI formats monitored by the UE, and / or whether the search space set is a common search space set or a UE-specific search space set. The set of CCEs in the common search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. The set of CCEs in the UE-specific search space set may be configured based on the UE's identity (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0151] As shown in FIG. 14B, the UE may determine time-frequency resources of the CORESET based on the RRC message. The UE may determine CCE-REG mapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved, and / or mapping parameters) for the CORESET based on configuration parameters of the CORESET. The UE may determine the number of search space sets (e.g., up to 10) configured on the CORESET based on the RRC message. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configuration parameters of the search space sets. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs to detect one or more DCIs. The monitoring may include decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the set of PDCCH candidates according to a monitored DCI format. The monitoring may include decoding DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates having possible (or configured) PDCCH positions, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs in a common search space, number of PDCCH candidates, and / or number of PDCCH candidates in a UE-specific search space), and possible (or configured) DCI formats. The decoding may be referred to as blind-blind-combined-blind decoding. The UE may determine a valid DCI for the UE in response to a CRC check (e.g., scrambling bits for CRC parity bits of the DCI matching the RNTI value). The UE may process information included in the DCI (e.g., scheduling assignments, uplink grants, power control, slot format indication, downlink preemption, and / or the like).

[0152] The UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) to the base station. The uplink control signaling may include a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement for the received DL-SCH transport block. The UE may transmit the HARQ acknowledgement after receiving the DL-SCH transport block. The uplink control signaling may include channel state information (CSI) indicating a channel quality of the physical downlink channel. The UE may transmit the CSI to the base station. The base station may determine transmission format parameters (e.g., including multiple antennas and beamforming schemes) for the downlink transmission based on the received CSI. The uplink control signaling may include a scheduling request (SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is available to be transmitted to the base station. The UE may transmit the UCI (e.g., a HARQ acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK), a CSI report, an SR, etc.) via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). A UE may transmit uplink control signaling via the PUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

[0153] There may be five PUCCH formats, and the UE may determine the PUCCH format based on the size of the UCI (e.g., the number of uplink symbols for UCI transmission and the number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or less bits. The UE may transmit UCI on the PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0 if the transmission is more than one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK information bits with positive or negative SR (HARQ-ACK / SR bits) is one or two. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include two or less bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 1 if the transmission is four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is one or two. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or two OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 2 if the transmission is more than one or two symbols and the number of UCI bits is two or more. PUCCH format 3 may occupy between 4 and 14 OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 3 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more, and the PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal cover code. PUCCH format 4 may occupy between 4 and 14 OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 4 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more, and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal cover code.

[0154] The base station may transmit configuration parameters of multiple PUCCH resource sets to the UE, for example, using an RRC message. Multiple PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) may be configured on the uplink BWP of the cell. A PUCCH resource set may be configured with a PUCCH resource set index, multiple PUCCH resources with PUCCH resources identified by a PUCCH resource identifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and / or a number (e.g., maximum number) of UCI information bits that the UE may transmit using one of the multiple PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. When configured with multiple PUCCH resource sets, the UE may select one of the multiple PUCCH resource sets based on a total bit length of UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and / or CSI). If the total bit length of UCI information bits is less than or equal to two, the UE may select a first PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "0". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than 2 and less than or equal to the first configuration value, the UE may select a second PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "1". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than the first configuration value and less than or equal to the second configuration value, the UE may select a third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "2". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than the second configuration value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select a fourth PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "3".

[0155] After determining a PUCCH resource set from the multiple PUCCH resource sets, the UE may determine a PUCCH resource from the PUCCH resource set for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission. The UE may determine the PUCCH resource based on a PUCCH resource indicator in a DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0 or DCI format 1_1) received on the PDCCH. The 3-bit PUCCH resource indicator of the DCI may indicate one of the eight PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resource indicator, the UE may transmit the UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) using the PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI.

[0156] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device 1502 communicating with a base station 1504 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may be part of a mobile communication network, such as the mobile communication network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 150 illustrated in FIG. 1B, or other communication network. Only one wireless device 1502 and one base station 1504 are illustrated in FIG. 15. However, it will be understood that the mobile communication network may include multiple UEs and / or multiple base stations having the same or similar configuration as that illustrated in FIG. 15.

[0157] The base station 1504 may connect the wireless device 1502 to a core network (not shown) via wireless communication over an air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 over the air interface 1506 is known as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 over the air interface is known as the uplink. The downlink transmission may be separated from the uplink transmission using FDD, TDD, and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0158] In the downlink, data transmitted from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 may be provided to a processing system 1508 of the base station 1504. The data may be provided to the processing system 1508 by, for example, a core network. In the uplink, data transmitted from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 may be provided to a processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may implement Layer 3 and Layer 2 OSI functions to process the data for transmission. Layer 2 may include, for example, the SDAP layer, the PDCP layer, the RLC layer, and the MAC layer with respect to Figures 2A, 2B, 3, and 4A. Layer 3 may include the RRC layer with respect to Figure 2B.

[0159] After being processed by the processing system 1508, data to be transmitted to the wireless device 1502 may be provided to a transmit processing system 1510 of the base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed by the processing system 1518, data to be transmitted to the base station 1504 may be provided to a transmit processing system 1520 of the wireless device 1502. The transmit processing system 1510 and the transmit processing system 1520 may implement Layer 1 OSI functions. Layer 1 may include the PHY layer with respect to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3, and 4A. For transmit processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels to physical channels, modulation of physical channels, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0160] In the base station 1504, a receive processing system 1512 may receive uplink transmissions from the wireless device 1502. In the wireless device 1502, a receive processing system 1522 may receive downlink transmissions from the base station 1504. The receive processing system 1512 and the receive processing system 1522 may implement the OSI functions of Layer 1. Layer 1 may include the PHY layer with respect to Figures 2A, 2B, 3, and 4A. For receive processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping of transport channels to physical channels, demodulation of physical channels, MIMO or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0161] 15, the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may be used to implement one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. In other embodiments, the wireless device 1502 and / or the base station 1504 may have a single antenna.

[0162] Processing system 1508 and processing system 1518 may be associated with memory 1514 and memory 1524, respectively. Memory 1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) may store computer program instructions or code that may be executed by processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 to perform one or more functions discussed in the present application. Although not shown in FIG. 15 , transmit processing system 1510, transmit processing system 1520, receive processing system 1512, and / or receive processing system 1522 may be coupled to memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) that stores computer program instructions or code that may be executed to perform one or more of their respective functions.

[0163] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may include one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The one or more controllers and / or the one or more processors may include, for example, a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, on-board units, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may perform at least one of signal coding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that may enable the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0164] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to one or more peripheral devices 1516 and one or more peripheral devices 1526, respectively. The one or more peripheral devices 1516 and one or more peripheral devices 1526 may include software and / or hardware that provide features and / or functionality, such as a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a display, a touchpad, a power source, a satellite transceiver, a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, an electronic control unit (e.g., for a vehicle), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a camera, and / or the like). The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may receive user input data and / or provide user output data from the one or more peripheral devices 1516 and / or one or more peripheral devices 1526. The processing system 1518 in the wireless device 1502 can receive power from a power source and / or can be configured to distribute power to other components in the wireless device 1502. The power source may include one or more power sources, such as a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 can be connected to a GPS chipset 1517 and a GPS chipset 1527, respectively. The GPS chipset 1517 and the GPS chipset 1527 can be configured to provide geographic location information of the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504, respectively.

[0165] FIG. 16A illustrates an example structure for uplink transmission. A baseband signal representing a physical uplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may include at least one of: scrambling, modulating scramble bits to generate complex-valued symbols, mapping complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers, transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols, precoding the complex-valued symbols, mapping the precoded complex-valued symbols onto resource elements, generating complex-valued time-domain single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signals to antenna ports, and / or the like. In one embodiment, if transform precoding is enabled, an SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission may be generated. In one embodiment, if transform precoding is not enabled, a CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission may be generated according to FIG. 16A. These functions are illustrated as examples, and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0166] 16B shows an example structure for modulation and upconversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal and / or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal for an antenna port. Filtering may be used before transmission.

[0167] 16C shows an example structure of a downlink transmission. The baseband signal representing the physical downlink channel can perform one or more functions. The one or more functions can include scrambling of coded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on the physical channel, modulation of the scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols, mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers, precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on the layers for transmission on the antenna ports, mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols of the antenna ports to resource elements, generation of a complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal per antenna port, and / or the like. These functions are shown as examples, and it is expected that other mechanisms can be implemented in various embodiments.

[0168] 16D shows another example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port. Filtering may be used before transmission.

[0169] The wireless device may receive one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages) from a base station including configuration parameters for multiple cells (e.g., primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device may communicate with at least one base station (e.g., two or more base stations for dual connectivity) via the multiple cells. The one or more messages (e.g., as part of the configuration parameters) may include physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layer parameters for configuring the wireless device. For example, the configuration parameters may include parameters for configuring physical and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parameters may include parameters indicating values ​​of timers for the physical layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PCDP layer, SDAP layer, RRC layer, and / or communication channels.

[0170] A timer may begin execution when started and continue to execute until stopped or expires. A timer may be started if not running or restarted if running. A timer may be associated with a value (e.g., a timer may be started or restarted from a value, or may be started from zero and expire when the value is reached). A timer's duration may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g., by BWP switching). A timer may be used to measure a period / window of a process. When this specification refers to implementations and procedures related to one or more timers, it will be understood that there are multiple ways to implement one or more timers. For example, it will be understood that one or more of multiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure a period / window of a procedure. For example, a random access response window timer may be used to measure a window time for receiving a random access response. In one embodiment, the time difference between two timestamps may be used instead of the start and expiration of the random access response window timer. When a timer is restarted, the process for measuring the time window may be restarted. Other example implementations may be provided for restarting the measurement of the time window.

[0171] In one embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or more configuration parameters for a cell, for example, from a base station.

[0172] In one embodiment, uplink resources (e.g., SRS resources, PUCCH resources) of a cell may not be provided with a spatial relationship (and / or impairment reference signal). One or more configuration parameters may, for example, not indicate the spatial relationship (and / or impairment reference signal) of the uplink resources. For example, a wireless device may not receive a wake-up command indicating a spatial relationship (and / or impairment reference signal) for the uplink resources.

[0173] In existing technology, a wireless device may select / determine a reference signal indicated by a TCI state (e.g., receive beam) based on an uplink resource that is not provided in a spatial relationship. The wireless device may transmit an uplink signal (e.g., SRS, PUSCH, UCI, PUCCH) over an uplink resource based on a reference signal indicated by the TCI state. For example, the cell may be a self-scheduling cell. The cell may include a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH, core set). The wireless device may monitor a PDCCH in the core set of the cell for DCI based on the TCI state. The wireless device may receive a wake-up command indicating / activating the TCI state of the core set. For example, the cell may be a cross-carrier scheduled cell. The cell may not include a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH, core set). The wireless device may receive a PDSCH of the cell (or the active downlink BWP of the cell) based on the TCI state. The wireless device may receive an activation command indicating / activating the TCI state of a PDSCH scheduled for a cell (or an active downlink BWP of the cell).

[0174] In one embodiment, the wireless device may be served (e.g., transmit or receive) by multiple TRPs, including a first TRP and a second TRP. In one embodiment, the uplink resource associated with (or configured as) the first TRP may not be provided with a spatial relationship (and / or an impairment reference signal). In an implementation of the existing technology, the wireless device selects / determines a TCI state (e.g., a core set of TCI states or a TCI state for decoding a PDSCH) for transmitting an uplink signal via the uplink resource. This may be inefficient when the selected / determined TCI state is associated with the second TRP. The wireless device may use different beams (e.g., different directions, different widths, narrow ranges, etc.) for the first TRP and the second TRP. Transmitting an uplink signal based on a TCI state associated with the second TRP via an uplink resource associated with the first TRP may result in coverage loss, reduced data rates, and increased interference to other cells / wireless devices.

[0175] In an example embodiment, if an uplink resource associated with (or configured to be) a TRP is not provided with a spatial relationship (and / or an impairment reference signal), the wireless device may select / determine a TCI state associated with the (same) TRP. The wireless device may transmit an uplink signal (e.g., SRS, PUSCH, UCI, PUCCH) via the uplink resource of the TRP based on the reference signal indicated by the TCI state associated with the (same) TRP.

[0176] In an example embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a TRP associated with the uplink resource. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate an index indicating the TRP for the uplink resource (e.g., a core set pool index, a TRP index, an antenna panel index).

[0177] In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a downlink signal (e.g., DCI) via a core set associated with (or configured with) an index indicating a TRP (e.g., core set pool index, TRP index). The downlink signal may trigger transmission of an uplink signal (e.g., aperiodic SRS) via uplink resources (e.g., SRS resources).

[0178] In an example embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate an index indicative of a TRP (e.g., a core set pool index, TRP index) for a TCI state. For example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate an index indicative of a TRP (e.g., a core set pool index, TRP index) for a reference signal indicated by a TCI state.

[0179] In an example embodiment, the wireless device may receive an activation command indicating / activating a TCI state. The TCI state may be associated with a TRP based on the activation command including a field indicating / including an index indicating the TRP (e.g., a core set pool index, TRP index).

[0180] Exemplary embodiments enhance / improve the selection / determination of TCI states for uplink resources when the uplink resources are not provided in a spatial relationship, which may reduce coverage loss, reduced data rates, and increased interference to other cells / wireless devices.

[0181] In one embodiment, a TRP may represent / denote an antenna panel. TRP and antenna panel may be used interchangeably.

[0182] FIG. 17 is an exemplary diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0183] In one embodiment, the wireless device receives one or more messages at time T0 of Figure 17. In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive one or more messages from the base station. The one or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters. In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may be RRC configuration parameter(s). In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may be RRC reconfiguration parameter(s).

[0184] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may be for a cell. In one embodiment, at least one of the one or more configuration parameters may be for a cell. In one embodiment, the cell may be a primary cell (PCell). In one embodiment, the cell may be a secondary cell (SCell). The cell may be a secondary cell (e.g., a PUCCH SCell) configured with a PUCCH. In one embodiment, the cell may be an unlicensed cell, e.g., operating in an unlicensed band. In one embodiment, the cell may be a licensed cell, e.g., operating in a licensed band. In one embodiment, the cell may operate in a first frequency range (FR1). FR1 may include, e.g., a frequency band below 6 GHz. In one embodiment, the cell may operate in a second frequency range (FR2). FR2 may include, e.g., a frequency band between 24 GHz and 52.6 GHz.

[0185] In one embodiment, the wireless device may be in an RRC connected mode.

[0186] In one embodiment, the wireless device may be in an RRC idle mode.

[0187] In one embodiment, the wireless device may be in an RRC inactive mode.

[0188] In one embodiment, a cell may include multiple BWPs. The multiple BWPs may include one or more uplink BWPs including an uplink BWP of the cell. The multiple BWPs may include one or more downlink BWPs including a downlink BWP of the cell.

[0189] In one embodiment, a BWP of a plurality of BWPs may be in one of an active state and an inactive state. In one embodiment, in a downlink BWP active state of one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device may monitor downlink channels / signals (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on / for / via the downlink BWP. In one embodiment, in a downlink BWP active state of one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device may receive a PDSCH on / for / via the downlink BWP. In one embodiment, in a downlink BWP inactive state of one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device may not monitor downlink channels / signals (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on / for / via the downlink BWP. In a downlink BWP inactive state of one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device may stop monitoring downlink channels / signals (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on / for / via the downlink BWP. In one embodiment, in a downlink BWP inactive state of one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device may not receive a PDSCH on / through / for the downlink BWPs. In a downlink BWP inactive state of one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device may stop receiving a PDSCH on / through / for the downlink BWPs.

[0190] In one embodiment, in an uplink BWP active state of one or more uplink BWPs, the wireless device may transmit uplink signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) on / via the uplink BWPs. In one embodiment, in an uplink BWP inactive state of one or more uplink BWPs, the wireless device may not transmit uplink signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) on / via the uplink BWPs.

[0191] In one embodiment, the wireless device may activate a downlink BWP of one or more downlink BWPs of a cell. In one embodiment, activation of a downlink BWP may include the wireless device setting (or switching to) a downlink BWP as an active downlink BWP of a cell. In one embodiment, activation of a downlink BWP may include the wireless device setting the downlink BWP to an active state. In one embodiment, activation of a downlink BWP may include switching the downlink BWP from an inactive state to an active state.

[0192] In one embodiment, the wireless device may activate an uplink BWP of one or more uplink BWPs of a cell. In one embodiment, activating an uplink BWP may include the wireless device setting (or switching to) an uplink BWP as an active uplink BWP of the cell. In one embodiment, activating an uplink BWP may include the wireless device setting the uplink BWP to an active state. In one embodiment, activating an uplink BWP may include switching the uplink BWP from an inactive state to an active state.

[0193] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may be for a (active) downlink BWP of the cell. In one embodiment, at least one configuration parameter of the one or more configuration parameters may be for a downlink BWP of the cell.

[0194] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may be for an (active) uplink BWP of the cell. In one embodiment, at least one configuration parameter of the one or more configuration parameters may be for an uplink BWP of the cell.

[0195] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more uplink resources (e.g., uplink resources of FIG. 17). For example, the one or more uplink resources may be on (or may be indicated for) a cell. A cell may include one or more uplink resources. The one or more uplink resources may be on (or may be indicated for) an (active) uplink BWP of a cell, for example. A (active) uplink BWP of a cell may include one or more uplink resources.

[0196] In one embodiment, the one or more uplink resources may include one or more PUCCH resources.

[0197] In one embodiment, the one or more uplink resources may include one or more SRS resources. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more SRS resource sets that include the SRS resource set. The SRS resources may include one or more SRS resources.

[0198] In one embodiment, the SRS resource set may be periodic, and one or more configuration parameters may indicate a periodic resource type of the SRS resource set (e.g., a resource type of a higher layer parameter is set to periodic).

[0199] In one embodiment, the SRS resource set may be aperiodic. One or more configuration parameters may indicate an aperiodic resource type of the SRS resource set (e.g., the resource type of a higher layer parameter is set to aperiodic).

[0200] In one embodiment, the SRS resource set may be semi-persistent. One or more configuration parameters may indicate a semi-persistent resource type for the SRS resource set (e.g., the resource type of a higher tier parameter is set to semi-persistent).

[0201] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may include an SRS usage parameter of an SRS resource set.

[0202] In one embodiment, one or more SRS resources (or SRS resource sets) may not be used for beam management. SRS usage parameters may be different from beam management (e.g., use!=beam management, use=codebook, use=non-codebook, use=antenna switching).

[0203] In one embodiment, the SRS usage parameter for an SRS resource set may be non-codebook (e.g., usage=non-codebook). The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate an index of a CSI-RS resource (e.g., associated CSI-RS) for an SRS resource set if the SRS usage parameter for the SRS resource set is non-codebook.

[0204] In an embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may include an enabling parameter (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). The enabling parameters may be cell-specific. The enabling parameters may enable determination / selection of a default spatial relationship for an uplink channel / signal (e.g., PUCCH, SRS, PUSCH). The enabling parameters may enable determination / selection of a default impairment reference signal for an uplink channel / signal (e.g., PUCCH, SRS, PUSCH). In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / select a default spatial relationship and a default impairment reference signal for transmission of an uplink channel / signal based on one or more configuration parameters including the enabling parameters. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / select a default spatial relationship and a default impairment reference signal in response to uplink resources used for transmission of an uplink channel / signal for which no spatial relationship is provided. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / select a default spatial relationship and a default impairment reference signal in response to an uplink resource used for transmission of an uplink channel / signal for which at least one impairment reference RS is not provided. The one or more uplink resources may include, for example, an uplink resource. The uplink resource for which a spatial relationship is not provided may include, for example, one or more configuration parameters that do not indicate a spatial relationship for the uplink resource. The uplink resource for which a spatial relationship is not provided may include, for example, not receiving an activation command (MAC CE) indicating a spatial relationship for the uplink resource. The uplink resource for which a spatial relationship is not provided may include receiving a DCI (e.g., DCI0-0) scheduled transmission of an uplink signal (e.g., a transport block) via the uplink resource. The DCI may not include a field indicating a spatial relationship. The field may be an SRI field.The uplink resource for which at least one failure criterion RS is not provided may include, for example, one or more configuration parameters not indicating the at least one failure criterion RS for the uplink resource. The uplink resource for which at least one failure criterion RS is not provided may include, for example, not receiving an activation command (e.g., MAC CE) indicating the at least one failure criterion RS for the uplink resource.

[0205] In one embodiment, the one or more uplink resource sets may include uplink resources (eg, the uplink resources of FIG. 17).

[0206] In one embodiment, the wireless device may, for example, send a UE capability message including UE capability information to the base station. The UE capability information may indicate / configure support for beam correspondence without uplink beam sweeping (e.g., beamCorrespondenceWithoutUL-BeamSweeping). In one embodiment, the wireless device may set a value of beamCorrespondenceWithoutUL-BeamSweeping in the UE capability message to a first value (e.g., one) to indicate support for beam correspondence without uplink sweeping.

[0207] In one embodiment, based on the UE capability information indicating support for beam correspondence without uplink beam sweeping, the wireless device may select a (suitable) beam for uplink transmission based on downlink measurements without resorting to uplink beam sweeping. The wireless device may not select a (suitable) beam for uplink transmission based on uplink beam sweeping.

[0208] In an embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one failure reference RS (e.g., pathlossReferenceRS, PUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS, PathlossReferenceRS-Config, pathlossReferenceRS-List-r16, pathlossReferenceRS-List, SRS-PathlossReferenceRS). The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one failure reference RS of the cell. The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one failure reference RS for the (active) uplink BWP of the cell. The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one failure reference RS for the SRS resource set of the (active) uplink BWP of the cell. In response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one failure reference RS, the wireless device may not be provided with at least one failure reference RS. The SRS resource set may include uplink resources.

[0209] In one embodiment, the wireless device may not receive an activation command (e.g., SRS Pathloss Reference RS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating at least one failure reference RS. For example, the wireless device may not receive an activation command indicating at least one failure reference RS in an SRS resource set. The SRS resource set may include uplink resources. For example, the wireless device may not receive an activation command indicating at least one failure reference RS in an (active) uplink BWP. In response to not receiving an activation command indicating at least one failure reference RS, the wireless device may not provide at least one failure reference RS.

[0210] In one embodiment, uplink resources may not be provided with spatial relations (eg, PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo, spatialRelationInfo).

[0211] In one embodiment, one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship for the uplink resources. Uplink resources for which no spatial relationship is provided may include one or more configuration parameters that do not indicate a spatial relationship for the uplink resources.

[0212] In one embodiment, the wireless device may not receive an activation command indicating a spatial relation for an uplink resource (e.g., AP / SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE). Uplink resources for which no spatial relation is provided may include not receiving an activation command indicating a spatial relation for the uplink resource.

[0213] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple core sets for a cell. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple core sets for an (active) downlink BWP of a cell. In one embodiment, the (active) downlink BWP of a cell may include multiple core sets.

[0214] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple core set indexes (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter ControlResourceSetId) of the multiple core sets. In one embodiment, each core set of the multiple core sets may be identified / indicated by a respective core set index of the multiple core set indexes. In one embodiment, a first core set of the multiple core sets may be identified / indicated by a first core set index of the multiple core set indexes. A second core set of the multiple core sets may be identified / indicated by a second core set index of the multiple core set indexes.

[0215] In one embodiment, the multiple core sets may include a selected core set.

[0216] In one embodiment, a selected core set of the multiple core sets may be indicated by a selected core set index of the multiple core set indexes. In one embodiment, the selected core set index may be the lowest (or highest) of the multiple core set indexes. The selected core set index may be identified / indicated by the lowest selected core set index of the multiple core set indexes of the multiple core sets.

[0217] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple TCI states (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList, such as TCI-State-0, TCI-State-1, ..., TCI-State-127 in FIG. 17). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple TCI states, for example, for a selected one of the multiple core sets. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple TCI states, for example, for multiple core sets.

[0218] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a TCI state index (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter TCI-StateId) for the multiple TCI states. In one embodiment, each TCI state of the multiple TCI states may be identified / indicated by a respective TCI state index of the TCI state indexes. In one embodiment, a first TCI state of the multiple TCI states may be identified by a first TCI state index of the TCI state indexes. A second TCI state of the multiple TCI states may be identified by a second TCI state index of the TCI state indexes.

[0219] In one example, the wireless device may receive an activation command (e.g., a TCI state indication for a UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE) at time T1 of FIG. 17 to activate / select / indicate a selected TCI state among a plurality of TCI states for a selected core set. The activation may include one or more fields. A first field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a selected core set index of the selected core set. A second field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a selected TCI state index of the selected TCI state. The TCI state index may include the selected TCI state index. A third field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a serving cell index (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter ServCellIndex) identifying a / a cell. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a serving cell index for the cell. A fourth field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a downlink BWP index of a downlink BWP. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a downlink BWP index of a downlink BWP.

[0220] In one embodiment, the selected TCI state may include / indicate a selected Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) assumption / property / structure of the selected core set. The selected QCL assumption / property / structure of the selected core set may indicate at least one of a channel characteristic, a Doppler shift, a Doppler spread, an average delay, a delay spread, and a spatial receive filter for the selected core set.

[0221] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one core set for the cell. The cell may not include at least one core set. In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one core set for an (active) downlink BWP of the cell. The (active) downlink BWP of the cell may not include at least one core set.

[0222] In one embodiment, the cell may be a scheduled cell. The cell may be a scheduled cell based on one or more configuration parameters that do not indicate at least one core set of the cell. When the cell is a scheduled cell, the cell may be cross-carrier scheduled by the scheduling cell. A cell cross-carrier scheduled by the scheduling cell may include monitoring a downlink control channel (or core set) of the scheduling cell for downlink control information (DCI). The DCI may schedule a transport block (TB) of the cell. The TB may be, for example, a PDSCH. The TB may be, for example, a PUSCH. The wireless device may transmit / receive the TB via the cell.

[0223] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple TCI states (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter tci-StatesToAddModList in PDSCH-Config). Multiple TCI states (e.g., TCI-State-0, TCI-State-1, ..., TCI-State-127 in FIG. 17) may be for decoding PDSCH scheduled for the cell. Multiple TCI states may be for decoding PDSCH scheduled for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell.

[0224] In one embodiment, the wireless device receives an activation command (e.g., activate / deactivate TCI state for UE-specific PDSCH MAC CE) indicating / activating one or more TCI states of a plurality of TCI states at time T1 in FIG. 17. The one or more TCI states may be active. The one or more TCI states being active may include receiving a PDSCH for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell based on the one or more TCI states. In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive DCI scheduling reception of a transport block (e.g., PDSCH) via the (active) downlink BWP of the cell. The DCI may include a TCI field indicating a TCI state among the one or more TCI states. The DCI may not include a TCI field indicating a TCI state not configured / included / covered by the one or more TCI states. The wireless device may receive the transport block based on the TCI state indicated by the TCI field. Receiving the transport block based on the TCI state may include one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the transport block being quasi-co-located with a reference signal indicated by the TCI state. The TCI state may indicate quasi-co-location (QCL Type D, QCL Type A, QCL Type C, etc.). One or more DM-RS antenna ports of a transport block may be quasi-co-located with the reference signal for the quasi-co-location type.

[0225] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a TCI state index (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter TCI-StateId) for the multiple TCI states. In one embodiment, each TCI state of the multiple TCI states may be identified / indicated by a respective TCI state index of the TCI state indexes. In one embodiment, a first TCI state of the multiple TCI states may be identified by a first TCI state index of the TCI state indexes. A second TCI state of the multiple TCI states may be identified by a second TCI state index of the TCI state indexes.

[0226] In one embodiment, the TCI state index may include one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. The one or more TCI states may include a selected TCI state identified by a selected TCI state index of the one or more TCI state indexes. In one embodiment, the selected TCI state index may be the lowest (or highest) among the one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. The selected TCI state may be identified / indicated by a selected TCI state index that is the lowest among the one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states.

[0227] In one embodiment, an activation command to indicate / activate one or more TCI states may include one or more fields, a first of which may include one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states.

[0228] In one embodiment, a second field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a serving cell index for the cell (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter ServCellIndex). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a serving cell index for the cell. A third field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a downlink BWP index for the downlink BWP. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a downlink BWP index for the downlink BWP. A fourth field of the one or more fields may include a core set pool index (e.g., TRP index).

[0229] In one embodiment, the selected TCI state may indicate a selected reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB / PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS). The selected TCI state may include a selected reference signal index (e.g., provided by higher layer parameters reference signal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) that identifies (or indicates) the selected reference signal. One or more configuration parameters may indicate a selected reference signal index of the selected reference signal.

[0230] In one embodiment, the selected TCI state may indicate a selected quasi-coincident location type for the selected reference signal. The selected quasi-coincident location type may be, for example, QCL type D.

[0231] In one embodiment, the wireless device may monitor downlink control channels in the selected core set for DCI based on the selected TCI state. The wireless device may monitor downlink control channels in the selected core set for DCI based on the selected TCI state, e.g., in response to receiving an activation command activating / selecting / indicating a selected TCI state for the selected core set. Monitoring the downlink control channels in the selected core set based on the selected TCI state may include one or more DM-RS antenna ports of a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) in the selected core set being quasi-co-located with a selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state. One or more DM-RS antenna ports of a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) in the selected core set may be quasi-co-located with a selected reference signal for a selected quasi-co-location type indicated by the selected TCI state. In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive DCI in the selected core set. The wireless device may receive DCI of the selected core set while, e.g., monitoring the downlink control channel of the selected core set.

[0232] In one example, a wireless device may receive DCI scheduling reception of a transport block (e.g., PDSCH) via an (active) downlink BWP of a cell. The DCI may include a TCI field indicating a selected TCI state among one or more TCI states. The wireless device may receive the transport block based on the selected TCI state indicated by the TCI field. Receiving the transport block based on the selected TCI state may include one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the transport block being quasi-co-located with a selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the transport block may be quasi-co-located with the selected reference signal for the selected quasi-co-location type.

[0233] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state (e.g., at time T2 in FIG. 17) for transmitting an uplink signal over an uplink resource.

[0234] In one embodiment, the uplink signal may be an SRS. The uplink resource may be an SRS resource. The one or more SRS resources may include an SRS resource.

[0235] In one embodiment, the uplink signal may be uplink control information (UCI). The uplink resource may be a PUCCH resource. The one or more PUCCH resources may include a PUCCH resource. In one embodiment, the UCI may be a scheduling request (SR). In one embodiment, the UCI may be a CSI report. In one embodiment, the UCI may be a HARQ-ACK.

[0236] In one embodiment, the wireless device transmits an uplink signal at a transmit power via the uplink resource at time T2 in Figure 17. In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal at the transmit power via the uplink resource based on determining / calculating / calculating the transmit power.

[0237] In one embodiment, determining / calculating / calculating the transmit power based on the selected reference signal may include determining / calculating / calculating a downlink impairment estimate of the transmit power based on the selected reference signal (e.g., an L1-RSRP or a higher filtered RSRP of the reference signal). The wireless device may use the downlink impairment estimate in determining / calculating / calculating the transmit power for transmitting the uplink signal over the uplink resource. The transmit power may include the downlink impairment estimate. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate a higher filtered RSRP (e.g., L3-RSRP) value of the selected reference signal relative to the downlink impairment estimate (or impairment measurement). The wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate the higher filtered RSRP for transmitting the uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0238] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to the selected core set index being the lowest (or highest) among a plurality of core set indexes for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource.

[0239] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to the selected TCI state index being the lowest (or highest) among the one or more TCI state indices for transmission of an uplink signal via an uplink resource.

[0240] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one core set of the cell for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resources.

[0241] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal in a selected TCI state in response to the UE capability information indicating support for beam correspondence without uplink beam sweeping for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource.

[0242] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters including an enablement parameter for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0243] In one embodiment, in response to at least one impairment reference RS not being provided for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state.

[0244] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal in a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0245] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command (e.g., SRS Pathloss Reference RS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal in a selected TCI state.

[0246] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to the uplink resource not being provided in a spatial relationship.

[0247] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0248] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command (e.g., AP / SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating a spatial relation of an uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state.

[0249] In one embodiment, the selected reference signal may be periodic. The selected reference signal may be periodic with a selected periodicity (e.g., 2 slots, 5 slots, 10 slots, 2 symbols, 5 symbols, etc.). The wireless device may, for example, periodically measure L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP of the selected reference signal based on the selected reference signal being periodic. One or more configuration parameters may indicate the selected periodicity.

[0250] In one embodiment, the spatial relationship information may provide / indicate a spatial configuration for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource.

[0251] In one embodiment, the wireless device may use the selected TCI state as spatial relationship information for the uplink resource. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state (e.g., at time T2 in FIG. 17) for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0252] In one embodiment, the wireless device transmits an uplink signal with the spatial domain transmit filter over the uplink resource at time T2 of Figure 17. In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal with the spatial domain transmit filter over the uplink resource based on determining the spatial domain transmit filter.

[0253] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to the selected core set index being the lowest (or highest) among a plurality of core set indices for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0254] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to the selected TCI state index being the lowest (or highest) among the one or more TCI state indices for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0255] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one core set of cells for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0256] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state in response to the UE capability information indicating support for beam correspondence without uplink beam sweeping for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0257] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine, for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters including an enablement parameter.

[0258] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state in response to at least one impairment reference RS not being provided for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0259] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0260] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command (e.g., SRS Pathloss Reference RS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state.

[0261] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state in response to no spatial relationship being provided for the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0262] In one example, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0263] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command (e.g., AP / SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating a spatial relation of an uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state.

[0264] In one embodiment, the selected reference signal may be a downlink reference signal. The downlink reference signal may include an SS / PBCH block. The downlink reference signal may include a CSI-RS (e.g., periodic CSI-RS, semi-persistent CSI-RS, aperiodic CSI-RS). The downlink reference signal may include a DM-RS (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, etc.). In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive the downlink reference signal using a spatial domain receive filter. In one embodiment, based on the selected reference signal being a downlink reference signal, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource with a spatial domain transmit filter that is the same as the spatial domain receive filter. In one embodiment, based on the selected reference signal being a downlink reference signal, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource with a spatial domain receive filter. In one embodiment, based on the selected reference signal being a downlink reference signal, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource based on the spatial domain receive filter.

[0265] In one example, the selected reference signal may be an uplink reference signal (e.g., periodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, aperiodic SRS, DM-RS). In one example, the wireless device may transmit the uplink reference signal using a spatial domain transmit filter. In one example, based on the selected reference signal being an uplink reference signal, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal over the uplink resource with a spatial domain transmit filter that is the same as the spatial domain transmit filter used to transmit the uplink reference signal. In one example, based on the selected reference signal being an uplink reference signal, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal over the uplink resource based on the spatial domain transmit filter used to transmit the uplink reference signal.

[0266] 18 and 19 are examples of beam management according to one aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0267] In one embodiment, the wireless device receives one or more messages including one or more configuration parameters at time T0 in FIGS.

[0268] In one embodiment, the wireless device may include multiple antenna panels.

[0269] In one embodiment, the plurality of antenna panels may be identified / indicated by a plurality of antenna panel indexes. Each antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels may be identified by a respective antenna panel index of the plurality of antenna panel indexes. In one embodiment, a first antenna panel (e.g., panel 1 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ) of the plurality of antenna panels may be identified / indicated by a first antenna panel index of the plurality of antenna panel indexes. A second antenna panel (e.g., panel 2 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ) of the plurality of antenna panels may be identified / indicated by a second antenna panel index of the plurality of antenna panel indexes. A third antenna panel (e.g., panel 3 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ) of the plurality of antenna panels may be identified / indicated by a third antenna panel index of the plurality of antenna panel indexes.

[0270] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple antenna panel indexes for the multiple antenna panels. The multiple antenna panels identified by the multiple antenna panel indexes may include one or more configuration parameters indicating the multiple antenna panel indexes for the multiple antenna panels. For example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first antenna panel index for a first antenna panel. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a second antenna panel index for a second antenna panel. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a third antenna panel index for a third antenna panel.

[0271] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resource sets (e.g., by higher layer parameter SRS-ResourceSet). The one or more SRS resource sets may include an SRS resource set. In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate an SRS resource index for the one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter SRS-ResourceSetId). In one embodiment, each SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets may be identified by a respective one of the SRS resource set indexes. In one embodiment, a first SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets may be identified by a first SRS resource set index of the SRS resource set indexes. In one embodiment, a second SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets may be identified by a second SRS resource set index of the SRS resource set indexes.

[0272] In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit a first SRS using a first antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels via SRS resources of a first SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets. The wireless device may transmit a second SRS using a second antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels via SRS resources of a second SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets. In one embodiment, each SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets may be associated with a respective antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels. In one embodiment, the first SRS resource set index may identify the first antenna panel. The second SRS resource set index may identify the second antenna panel. In one embodiment, the first antenna panel index and the first SRS resource set index may be the same. The second antenna panel index and the second SRS resource set index may be the same. In one embodiment, each antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels may be identified by a respective one of the SRS resource set indexes. In one embodiment, based on transmitting the first SRS on the first antenna panel, the first antenna panel index may be equal to the first SRS resource set index, and based on transmitting the second SRS on the second antenna panel, the second antenna panel index may be equal to the second SRS resource set index.

[0273] In one embodiment, the antenna panels identified by the antenna panel indexes may include one or more configuration parameters that indicate indices of SRS resource sets as the antenna panel indexes for the antenna panels.

[0274] In one embodiment, the plurality of core sets (e.g., Coreset-0, Coreset-1, Coreset-2, and Coreset-3 in FIG. 18 ) may be associated with the plurality of antenna panels. In one embodiment, each core set of the plurality of core sets may be associated with a respective antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels. In one embodiment, a first core set of the plurality of core sets (e.g., Coreset 0 in FIG. 18 ) may be associated with a first antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels (e.g., Panel 1 in FIG. 18 ). A second core set of the plurality of core sets (e.g., Coreset 1 in FIG. 18 ) may be associated with a second antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels (e.g., Panel 3 in FIG. 18 ). A third core set of the plurality of core sets (e.g., Coreset 2 in FIG. 18 ) may be associated with a third antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels (e.g., Panel 2 in FIG. 18 ). A fourth core set (e.g., Core Set 3 in FIG. 18) of the plurality of core sets may be associated with a fourth antenna panel (e.g., Panel 1 in FIG. 18) of the plurality of antenna panels. For example, one antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels may be associated with at least two core sets of the plurality of core sets. For example, in FIG. 18, the first antenna panel (Panel-1) of the first core set and the fourth antenna panel (Panel-1) of the fourth core set are the same.

[0275] In one example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple antenna panel indexes for the multiple core sets. In one example, each core set of the multiple core sets may be indicated by (or associated with) a respective antenna panel index (e.g., Panel 1, Panel 2, Panel 3 in FIG. 18 ) of the multiple antenna panel indexes. In one example, a first core set (e.g., Core Set 0 in FIG. 18 ) may be indicated by (or associated with) a first antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a first antenna panel (e.g., Panel 1 in FIG. 18 ). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate, for the first core set, a first antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the first antenna panel. A second core set (e.g., Core Set 1 in FIG. 18 ) may be indicated by (or associated with) a second antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a second antenna panel (e.g., Panel 3 in FIG. 18 ). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate, for the second core set, a second antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a second antenna panel. A third core set (e.g., core set 2 in FIG. 18 ) may be indicated by (or associated with) a third antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a third antenna panel (e.g., panel 2 in FIG. 18 ). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate, for the third core set, a third antenna panel index that identifies the third antenna panel. A fourth core set (e.g., core set 3 in FIG. 18 ) may be indicated by (or associated with) a fourth antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a fourth antenna panel (e.g., panel 1 in FIG. 18 ). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate, for the fourth core set, a fourth antenna panel index that identifies the fourth antenna panel.

[0276] In one embodiment, multiple core sets associated with multiple antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating multiple antenna panel indexes that identify / indicate the multiple antenna panels for the multiple core sets. For example, a core set of multiple core sets associated with an antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating one antenna panel index of the multiple antenna panel indexes that indicate the antenna panel for the core set. For example, in FIG. 18, a first core set (Coreset-0) is associated with the first antenna panel (Panel 1), a second core set (Coreset-1) is associated with the second antenna panel (Panel 3), a third core set (Coreset-2) is associated with the third antenna panel (Panel 2), and a fourth core set (Coreset-3) is associated with the fourth antenna panel (Panel 1).

[0277] In one example, the wireless device may receive one or more activation commands (e.g., TCI state indication for a UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE) to activate / select / indicate one or more TCI states for a plurality of core sets (e.g., at time T1 in FIG. 18). The plurality of TCI states (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList, such as TCI-State-0, TCI-State-1, ..., TCI-State-127 in FIG. 18) may include, for example, one or more TCI states. Each activation command of the one or more activation commands may activate / select / indicate a respective TCI state of the one or more TCI states for a core set of the plurality of core sets. For example, a first activation command of one of the one or more activation commands may activate / select / indicate a first TCI state of the one or more TCI states (e.g., TCI state 5 in FIG. 18) for a first core set of the plurality of core sets (e.g., Coreset-0 in FIG. 18). A second start command of one of the one or more start commands can activate / select / indicate a second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 8 of FIG. 18 ) of the one or more TCI states for a second core set (e.g., Coreset-1 of FIG. 18 ) of the multiple core sets. A third start command of one of the one or more start commands can activate / select / indicate a third TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1 of FIG. 18 ) of the one or more TCI states for a third core set (e.g., Coreset-2 of FIG. 18 ) of the multiple core sets. A fourth start command of one of the one or more start commands can activate / select / indicate a fourth TCI state (e.g., TCI state 4 of FIG. 18 ) of the one or more TCI states for a fourth core set (e.g., Coreset-3 of FIG. 18 ) of the multiple core sets.

[0278] In one embodiment, a wireless device may monitor downlink control channels in a plurality of core sets for a DCI based on one or more TCI states. The wireless device may monitor downlink control channels in each core set of a plurality of core sets for a DCI based on a respective TCI state of the one or more TCI states. For example, the wireless device may monitor downlink control channels in a first core set (e.g., Coreset-0 of FIG. 18) for a DCI based on a first TCI state (e.g., TCI state 5 of FIG. 18). The wireless device may monitor downlink control channels in a second core set (e.g., Coreset-1 of FIG. 18) for a DCI based on a second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 8 of FIG. 18). The wireless device may monitor downlink control channels in a third core set (e.g., Coreset-2 of FIG. 18) for a DCI based on a third TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1 of FIG. 18). The wireless device may monitor a downlink control channel in a fourth core set (e.g., Coreset-3 in FIG. 18) for DCI based on a fourth TCI state (e.g., TCI state 4 in FIG. 18).

[0279] In one example, for a DCI, monitoring a downlink control channel in a core set based on the TCI status may include one or more DM-RS antenna ports of a downlink control channel (e.g., a PDCCH) in the core set being quasi-co-located with a reference signal indicated by the TCI status.

[0280] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one core set of the cell. The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one core set of the (active) downlink BWP of the cell. In an embodiment, the (active) downlink BWP of the cell may not include at least one core set. In one embodiment, the cell may be a scheduled cell.

[0281] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple TCI states (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter tci-StatesToAddModList in PDSCH-Config). The multiple TCI states may be for decoding the PDSCH scheduled for the cell. The multiple TCI states (e.g., TCI-State-0, TCI-State-1, ..., TCI-State-127 in FIG. 19) may be for decoding the PDSCH scheduled for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell.

[0282] In one embodiment, the wireless device receives an activation command (e.g., activate / deactivate TCI state for UE-specific PDSCH MAC CE) indicating / activating one or more TCI states of a plurality of TCI states at time T1 in FIG. 19. The one or more TCI states may be active (or applicable). The one or more TCI states may be applicable to reception of a PDSCH in the (active) downlink BWP. The one or more TCI states being active (or applicable) may include receiving a PDSCH for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell based on the one or more TCI states. In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive DCI scheduling reception of a transport block (e.g., PDSCH) via the (active) downlink BWP of the cell. The DCI may include a TCI field indicating a TCI state among the one or more TCI states. The DCI may not include a TCI field indicating a TCI state not configured / included / covered by the one or more TCI states. The wireless device may receive a transport block based on the TCI state indicated by the TCI field. Receiving the transport block based on the TCI state may include one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the transport block being quasi-co-located with a reference signal indicated by the TCI state. The TCI state may indicate quasi-co-location (QCL Type D, QCL Type A, QCL Type C, etc.). The one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the transport block may be quasi-co-located with the reference signal for a quasi-co-location type.

[0283] In one embodiment, the activation command to indicate / activate one or more TCI states of the plurality of TCI states (e.g., activating / disabling a TCI state for a UE-specific PDSCH MAC CE) may include one or more activation commands to indicate / activate one or more TCI states. A first activation command of the one or more activation commands may indicate / activate one or more first TCI states of the one or more TCI states. A second activation command of the one or more activation commands may indicate / activate one or more second TCI states of the one or more TCI states. The one or more TCI states may include one or more first TCI states and one or more second TCI states.

[0284] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a TCI state index (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter TCI-StateId) for a plurality of TCI states. In one embodiment, each TCI state of the plurality of TCI states may be identified / indicated by a respective TCI state index of the TCI state index. In one embodiment, a first TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-5 of FIG. 19) may be identified by a first TCI state index of the TCI state index. In one embodiment, a second TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-8 of FIG. 19) may be identified by a second TCI state index of the TCI state index. In one embodiment, a third TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-1 of FIG. 19) may be identified by a third TCI state index of the TCI state index. In one embodiment, a fourth TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-4 of FIG. 19) may be identified by a fourth TCI state index of the TCI state index.

[0285] In one embodiment, an activation command to indicate / activate one or more TCI states may include one or more fields, a first of which may include one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states.

[0286] In one embodiment, a second field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a serving cell index for the cell (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter ServCellIndex). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a serving cell index for the cell. A third field of the one or more fields may indicate / configure a downlink BWP index for the downlink BWP. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a downlink BWP index for the downlink BWP. A fourth field of the one or more fields may include a core set pool index (e.g., TRP index).

[0287] In one embodiment, if the core set pool index is equal to a first value (e.g., CoresetPool-ID=0), the start command may indicate / activate one or more first TCI states. If the core set pool index is equal to a second value (e.g., CoresetPool-ID=1), the start command may indicate / activate one or more second TCI states.

[0288] In one embodiment, based on the one or more configuration parameters indicating the at least two core set pool indexes, the launch command may include a fourth field indicating a core set pool. Based on the one or more configuration parameters indicating the at least two core set pool indexes, the launch command may include a fourth field including a core set pool index.

[0289] In one embodiment, the start command may indicate a core set pool. The start command indicating the core set pool may include a field of the one or more fields of the start command including a core set pool index (CoresetPool-ID) indicating (or of) the core set pool. The core set pool index indicating (or of) the core set pool may include the core set pool including one or more core sets having a core set pool index. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a core set pool index for one or more core sets in the core set pool. The field of the start command may include a core set pool index.

[0290] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple antenna panel indexes for the one or more TCI states. The one or more TCI states may include multiple antenna panel indexes that identify / indicate multiple antenna panels. Each TCI state of the one or more TCI states may include a respective antenna panel index of the multiple antenna panel indexes. Each TCI state of the one or more TCI states may be associated with a respective antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels that is identified / indicated by the multiple antenna panel indexes. In one embodiment, a first TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-5 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ) may include a first antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a first antenna panel (e.g., panel 1 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first antenna panel index for the first TCI state. The first TCI state may be associated with a first antenna panel. A second TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-8 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ) may include a second antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a second antenna panel (e.g., panel 3 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ). One or more configuration parameters may indicate the second antenna panel index for the second TCI state. The second TCI state may be associated with the second antenna panel. A third TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-1 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ) may include a third antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a third antenna panel (e.g., panel 2 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ). One or more configuration parameters may indicate the third antenna panel index for the third TCI state. The third TCI state may be associated with the third antenna panel. A fourth TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-4 in FIGS. 18 and 19) may include a fourth antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a fourth antenna panel (e.g., Panel 1 in FIGS. 18 and 19). One or more configuration parameters may indicate the fourth antenna panel index for the fourth TCI state. The fourth TCI state may be associated with the fourth antenna panel.

[0291] In one embodiment, one or more TCI states may be associated with multiple antenna panels. Each TCI state of the one or more TCI states may be associated with a respective antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels. For example, a TCI state of the one or more TCI states associated with an antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating an antenna panel index of the multiple antenna panel indexes that identify / indicate the antenna panel for the TCI state. For example, in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, a first TCI state (TCI-State-5) is associated with the first antenna panel (Panel 1), a second TCI state (TCI-State-8) is associated with the second antenna panel (Panel 3), a third TCI state (TCI-State-1) is associated with the third antenna panel (Panel 2), and a fourth TCI state (TCI-State-4) is associated with the fourth antenna panel (Panel 1).

[0292] In one embodiment, a plurality of core sets associated with a plurality of antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating a plurality of antenna panel indexes for one or more TCI states of the plurality of core sets. For example, a core set of a plurality of core sets associated with an antenna panel of a plurality of antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating an antenna panel index of a plurality of antenna panel indexes for a TCI state of the core set. The one or more TCI states may include a TCI state. For example, in FIG. 18, a first core set (Coreset-0) is associated with a first antenna panel (Panel 1) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a first antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the first antenna panel for a first TCI state of the first core set. A second core set (Coreset-1) is associated with a second antenna panel (Panel 3) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a second antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the second antenna panel for a second TCI state of the second core set. A third core set (Coreset-2) is associated with a third antenna panel (Panel 2) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a third antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the third antenna panel for a third TCI state of the third core set. A fourth core set (Coreset-3) is associated with a fourth antenna panel (Panel 1) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a fourth antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the fourth antenna panel for a fourth TCI state of the fourth core set.

[0293] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive one or more TCI states via a plurality of antenna panels. The wireless device may receive each TCI state of the one or more TCI states via a respective antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels. For example, in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, the wireless device may receive a first TCI state via a first antenna panel, a second TCI state via a second antenna panel, a third TCI state via a third antenna panel, and a fourth TCI state via a fourth antenna panel. For example, one TCI state of the one or more TCI states associated with one antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels may include receiving the TCI state via the antenna panel. Receiving one TCI state of the one or more TCI states via one antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels may include receiving a reference signal indicated by the TCI state via the antenna panel. In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit a report (e.g., a beam report, a beam management report, a CSI report, a channel report) indicating the reference signal and the antenna panel. The wireless device may receive the reference signal in the report using the antenna panel in the report. The report may be periodic, for example. The wireless device may transmit the report via an uplink channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH). In one embodiment, the quality of a reference signal (e.g., RSRP, SINR, SNR) may be highest / best / good by receiving the reference signal using an antenna panel. The quality of the reference signal received via the antenna panel may be highest / best / good among the qualities of received signals received via multiple antenna panels.

[0294] In one embodiment, a plurality of core sets associated with a plurality of antenna panels may include receiving one or more TCI states of the plurality of core sets via the plurality of antenna panels. For example, a core set of a plurality of core sets associated with an antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels may include receiving a TCI state of the core set via the antenna panel. The one or more TCI states may include a TCI state. For example, in FIG. 18, a first core set (Coreset-0) is associated with a first antenna panel (Panel 1) based on receiving a first TCI state of the first core set via the first antenna panel. A second core set (Coreset-1) is associated with a second antenna panel (Panel 3) based on receiving a second TCI state of the second core set via the second antenna panel. A third core set (Coreset-2) is associated with a third antenna panel (Panel 2) based on receiving a third TCI state of the third core set via the third antenna panel. A fourth core set (Coreset-3) is associated with a fourth antenna panel (Panel 1) based on receiving a fourth TCI state of the fourth core set via the fourth antenna panel.

[0295] In one embodiment, the one or more TCI states may indicate one or more reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB / PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS). Each TCI state of the one or more TCI states may indicate a respective reference signal of the one or more reference signals. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more reference signals for the one or more TCI states. The one or more TCI states may include one or more reference signal indices (e.g., provided by higher layer parameters reference-signal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) indicating the one or more reference signals. Each TCI state of the one or more TCI states may include a respective reference signal index of the one or more reference signal indices indicating / identifying a reference signal of the one or more reference signals. In one embodiment, a first TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-5 in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19) may indicate a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals. The first TCI state may include a first reference signal index indicating / identifying the first reference signal. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first reference signal index for the first reference signal. The second TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-8 in Figs. 18 and 19) may indicate a second reference signal of the one or more reference signals. The second TCI state may include a second reference signal index indicating / identifying the second reference signal. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a second reference signal index for the second reference signal. The third TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-1 in Figs. 18 and 19) may indicate a third reference signal of the one or more reference signals. The third TCI state may include a third reference signal index indicating / identifying the third reference signal. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a third reference signal index for the third reference signal. The fourth TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-4 in Figs. 18 and 19) may indicate a fourth reference signal of the one or more reference signals. The fourth TCI state may include a fourth reference signal index that indicates / identifies the fourth reference signal. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a fourth reference signal index for the fourth reference signal.

[0296] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of antenna panel indexes for the one or more reference signals. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a respective antenna panel index of the plurality of antenna panel indexes for each reference signal of the one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals may include a plurality of antenna panel indexes that identify / indicate a plurality of antenna panels. Each reference signal of the one or more reference signals may include a respective antenna panel index of the plurality of antenna panel indexes. Each reference signal of the one or more reference signals may be associated with a respective antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels (e.g., panel 1, panel 2, panel 3 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ). The wireless device may, for example, receive the one or more reference signals via the plurality of antenna panels. The wireless device may receive each reference signal of the one or more reference signals via a respective antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels. In one embodiment, a first reference signal indicated by a first TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-5 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ) may include a first antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a first antenna panel (e.g., panel 1 in FIGS. 18 and 19 ). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first antenna panel index for a first reference signal. The first reference signal may be associated with the first antenna panel. The wireless device may receive the first reference signal using the first antenna panel. The second reference signal indicated by a second TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-8 in Figs. 18 and 19) may include a second antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the second antenna panel (e.g., panel 3 in Figs. 18 and 19). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a second antenna panel index for a second reference signal. The second reference signal may be associated with the second antenna panel. The wireless device may receive the second reference signal using the second antenna panel. The third reference signal indicated by a third TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-1 in Figs. 18 and 19) may include a third antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the third antenna panel (e.g., panel 2 in Figs. 18 and 19).The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a third antenna panel index for the third reference signal. The third reference signal may be associated with the third antenna panel. The wireless device may receive the third reference signal using the third antenna panel. The fourth reference signal indicated by the fourth TCI state (e.g., TCI-State-4 in FIGS. 18 and 19) may include a fourth antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the fourth antenna panel (e.g., Panel 1 in FIGS. 18 and 19). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a fourth antenna panel index for the fourth reference signal. The fourth reference signal may be associated with the fourth antenna panel. The wireless device may receive the fourth reference signal using the fourth antenna panel.

[0297] In one embodiment, one or more reference signals may be associated with multiple antenna panels. Each reference signal of the one or more reference signals may be associated with a respective antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels. For example, a reference signal of the one or more reference signal states associated with an antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating an antenna panel index of the multiple antenna panel indexes that identifies / indicates the antenna panel for the reference signal. For example, in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, a first reference signal is associated with a first antenna panel (panel 1), a second reference signal is associated with a second antenna panel (panel 3), a third reference signal is associated with a third antenna panel (panel 2), and a fourth reference signal is associated with a fourth antenna panel (panel 1).

[0298] In one embodiment, a plurality of core sets associated with a plurality of antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating a plurality of antenna panel indexes for one or more reference signals indicated by one or more TCI states of the plurality of core sets. For example, a core set of a plurality of core sets associated with an antenna panel of a plurality of antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating an antenna panel index that identifies an antenna panel for a reference signal indicated by a TCI state of the core set. The one or more reference signals may include a reference signal. The one or more TCI states may include a TCI state. For example, in FIG. 18, a first core set (Coreset-0) is associated with a first antenna panel (Panel 1) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a first antenna panel index that identifies / indicates a first antenna panel for a first reference signal indicated by a first TCI state of the first core set. A second core set (Coreset-1) is associated with a second antenna panel (Panel 3) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a second antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the second antenna panel for a second reference signal indicated by a second TCI state of the second core set. A third core set (Coreset-2) is associated with a third antenna panel (Panel 2) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a third antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the third antenna panel for a third reference signal indicated by a third TCI state of the third core set. A fourth core set (Coreset-3) is associated with a fourth antenna panel (Panel 1) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a fourth antenna panel index that identifies / indicates the fourth antenna panel for a fourth reference signal indicated by a fourth TCI state of the fourth core set.

[0299] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive one or more reference signals via a plurality of antenna panels. The wireless device may receive each reference signal of the one or more reference signals via a respective antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels. For example, in Figures 18 and 19, the wireless device may receive a first reference signal via a first antenna panel, a second reference signal via a second antenna panel, a third reference signal via a third antenna panel, and a fourth reference signal via a fourth antenna panel.

[0300] In one embodiment, a plurality of core sets associated with a plurality of antenna panels may include receiving one or more reference signals indicated by one or more TCI states of the plurality of core sets via the plurality of antenna panels. For example, a core set of a plurality of core sets associated with an antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels may include receiving a reference signal indicated by a TCI state of the core set. The one or more reference signals may include a reference signal. The one or more TCI states may include a TCI state. For example, in FIG. 18, a first core set (Coreset-0) is associated with a first antenna panel (Panel 1) based on receiving a first reference signal indicated by a first TCI state of the first core set via the first antenna panel. A second core set (Coreset-1) is associated with a second antenna panel (Panel 3) based on receiving a second reference signal indicated by a second TCI state of the second core set via the second antenna panel. A third core set (Coreset-2) is associated with a third antenna panel (Panel 2) based on receiving a third reference signal, indicated by a third TCI state of the third core set, via the third antenna panel. A fourth core set (Coreset-3) is associated with a fourth antenna panel (Panel 1) based on receiving a fourth reference signal, indicated by a fourth TCI state of the fourth core set, via the fourth antenna panel.

[0301] In one embodiment, one or more TCI states may be associated with multiple antenna panels. Each TCI state of the one or more TCI states may be associated with a respective antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels. For example, one of the one or more TCI states associated with one antenna panel of the multiple antenna panels may include one or more configuration parameters indicating one antenna panel index of the multiple antenna panel indexes that identify / indicate the antenna panel for a reference signal indicated by the TCI state. For example, in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, a first TCI state (TCI-State-5) is associated with a first antenna panel (Panel 1) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a first antenna panel index for a first reference signal indicated by the first TCI state. A second TCI state (TCI-State-8) is associated with a second antenna panel (Panel 3) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a second antenna panel index for a second reference signal indicated by the second TCI state. A third TCI state (TCI-State-1) is associated with a third antenna panel (Panel 2) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a third antenna panel index for a third reference signal indicated by the third TCI state, and a fourth TCI state (TCI-State-4) is associated with a fourth antenna panel (Panel 1) based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a fourth antenna panel index for a fourth reference signal indicated by the fourth TCI state.

[0302] In one embodiment, the uplink resource may be associated with a first antenna panel of a plurality of antenna panels (e.g., panel 1 in FIGS. 18 and 19). The first antenna panel may be identified / indicated by a first antenna panel index of the plurality of panel indexes.

[0303] The one or more configuration parameters may, for example, indicate a first antenna panel. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first antenna panel index for the uplink resource. The uplink resource associated with the first antenna panel may include one or more configuration parameters that indicate the first antenna panel index for the uplink resource.

[0304] The wireless device may, for example, transmit an uplink signal (e.g., SRS, PUSCH, PUCCH, UCI) using the first antenna panel via the uplink resource. The uplink resource associated with the first antenna panel may include transmitting the uplink signal using the first antenna panel via the uplink resource.

[0305] In one embodiment, the SRS resource set may include uplink resources. The SRS resource set may be associated with a first antenna panel. The uplink resources associated with the first antenna panel may include an SRS resource set that includes the uplink resources associated with the first antenna panel.

[0306] The wireless device may receive an activation command (e.g., AP / SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE), for example, indicating / activating a spatial relation (e.g., uplink TCI state, spatial relation information) for an uplink resource. The spatial relation may indicate a first antenna panel. The spatial relation may include, for example, a first antenna panel index indicating / identifying the first antenna panel. One or more configuration parameters may indicate the first antenna panel index for the spatial relation. The uplink resource associated with the first antenna panel may include a spatial relation of the uplink resource indicating the first antenna panel.

[0307] In one embodiment, the spatial relationship may be indicative of a reference signal. The reference signal may be indicative of a first antenna panel. The reference signal may include, for example, a first antenna panel index that indicates / identifies the first antenna panel. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the first antenna panel index relative to the reference signal. The uplink resources associated with the first antenna panel may include a reference signal that is a spatial relationship of the uplink resources indicative of the first antenna panel.

[0308] In one example, the wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate a transmit power (e.g., at time T2 in FIG. 18) for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate the transmit power based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a core set selected from among the multiple core sets. The one or more reference signals may include the selected reference signal. The one or more TCI states may include the selected TCI state.

[0309] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / select a selected core set from among a plurality of core sets, and determining / calculating / deriving a transmit power based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of the selected core set may be responsive to determining / selecting the selected core set.

[0310] In one example, a wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate a transmit power (e.g., at time T2 of FIG. 19) for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource. The wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate the transmit power based on a selected reference signal indicated by a TCI state selected from among the one or more TCI states. The one or more reference signals may include the selected reference signal.

[0311] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / select a selected TCI state from among one or more TCI states, and determining / calculating / deriving a transmit power based on a selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state may be responsive to determining / selecting the selected TCI state.

[0312] In one embodiment, the wireless device transmits an uplink signal at a transmit power via the uplink resource at time T2 in Figures 18 and 19. In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal at a transmit power via the uplink resource based on determining / calculating / calculating the transmit power.

[0313] In one embodiment, the selected core set of the multiple core sets may be indicated by a selected core set index of the multiple core set indexes. In one embodiment, the selected core set index may be the lowest (or highest) among the multiple core set indexes. The selected core set index may be identified / indicated by a selected core set index that is the lowest among the multiple core set indexes of the multiple core sets. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of the selected core set for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource in response to the selected core set index being the lowest (or highest) among the multiple core set indexes of the multiple core sets.

[0314] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on the lowest (or highest) selected core set index among the multiple core set indexes of the multiple core sets.

[0315] In one embodiment, the TCI state index may include one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. The one or more TCI states may include a selected TCI state identified by a selected TCI state index of the one or more TCI state indexes. In one embodiment, the selected TCI state index may be the lowest (or highest) among the one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. The selected TCI state may be identified / indicated by a selected TCI state index that is the lowest among the one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. For example, in FIG. 19, the first TCI state may be a selected TCI state based on the first TCI state index of the first TCI state (TCI-State-5) being lower than the second TCI state index of the second TCI state (TCI-State-8), the third TCI state index of the third TCI state (TCI-State-1), and the fourth TCI state index of the fourth TCI state (TCI-State-1). The third TCI state may be a TCI state selected based on the third TCI state index of the third TCI state (TCI-State-1) being lower than the second TCI state index of the second TCI state (TCI-State-8), the first TCI state index of the first TCI state (TCI-State-5), and the fourth TCI state index of the fourth TCI state (TCI-State-1).

[0316] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to the selected TCI state index being the lowest (or highest) among the one or more TCI state indices for transmission of an uplink signal via an uplink resource.

[0317] In one embodiment, determining / selecting a selected TCI state from among the one or more TCI states may be based on the lowest (or highest) selected TCI state index among one or more TCI state indices of the one or more TCI states.

[0318] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one core set of the cell for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resources.

[0319] In one embodiment, the selected core set may be associated with one antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0320] In one embodiment, the selected TCI state may be associated with one antenna panel of a plurality of antenna panels.

[0321] In one embodiment, the selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state may be associated with one antenna panel of a plurality of antenna panels.

[0322] In one embodiment, the antenna panel associated with the selected core set and the first antenna panel associated with the uplink resource may be the same.

[0323] In one embodiment, the antenna panel associated with the selected TCI state and the first antenna panel associated with the uplink resource may be the same.

[0324] In one embodiment, the selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state and the antenna panel associated with the first antenna panel associated with the uplink resource may be the same.

[0325] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to the selected core set index being associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0326] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to the selected TCI state being associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel for the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0327] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on the selected reference signal for the selected TCI state in response to the selected reference signal being associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel for the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0328] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive the selected TCI state using an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel for the uplink resource.

[0329] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive the selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state using an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0330] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on the selected core set associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0331] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on a selected TCI state of the selected core set associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0332] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state of the selected core set associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0333] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the multiple TCI states may be based on a selected TCI state associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0334] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected TCI state may be based on a selected reference signal for the selected TCI state that is associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0335] In one embodiment, the wireless device may not select / determine a core set associated with an antenna panel different from a first antenna panel of the uplink resource among the multiple core sets for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The multiple antenna panels may include an antenna panel. A core set index identifying / indicating a core set may be, for example, the lowest among the multiple core set indexes among the multiple core sets. The core set index may be lower than the selected core set index.

[0336] In one embodiment, the wireless device may not select / determine, among the one or more TCI states, a TCI state associated with an antenna panel different from the first antenna panel of the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The multiple antenna panels may include an antenna panel. A TCI state index that identifies / indicates the TCI state may be lowest among one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. The TCI state index may be lower than the selected TCI state index.

[0337] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal in a selected TCI state in response to the UE capability information indicating support for beam correspondence without uplink beam sweeping for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource.

[0338] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters including an enablement parameter for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0339] In one embodiment, in response to at least one impairment reference RS not being provided for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state.

[0340] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal in a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0341] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command (e.g., SRS Pathloss Reference RS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal in a selected TCI state.

[0342] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to the uplink resource not being provided in a spatial relationship.

[0343] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0344] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command (e.g., AP / SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating a spatial relation of an uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state.

[0345] In one embodiment, the selected reference signal may be periodic. The selected reference signal may be periodic with a selected periodicity (e.g., 2 slots, 5 slots, 10 slots, 2 symbols, 5 symbols, etc.). The wireless device may, for example, periodically measure L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP of the selected reference signal based on the selected reference signal being periodic. One or more configuration parameters may indicate the selected periodicity.

[0346] In one embodiment, the selected TCI state may indicate a selected quasi-coincident location type for the selected reference signal. The selected quasi-coincident location type may be, for example, QCL type D.

[0347] In one embodiment, the spatial relationship information may provide / indicate a spatial configuration for transmission of an uplink signal over an uplink resource.

[0348] In one example, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter (e.g., at time T2 of FIG. 18) for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine the spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a core set selected from among the multiple core sets. The one or more reference signals may include the selected reference signal. The one or more TCI states may include the selected TCI state.

[0349] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / select a selected core set from among a plurality of core sets, and determining a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of the selected core set may be responsive to determining / selecting the selected core set.

[0350] In one example, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter (e.g., at time T2 of FIG. 19) for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine the spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a TCI state selected from among the one or more TCI states. The one or more reference signals may include the selected reference signal.

[0351] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / select a selected TCI state from among one or more TCI states, and determining a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state may be responsive to determining / selecting the selected TCI state.

[0352] In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal with the spatial domain transmit filter over the uplink resource at time T2 of Figures 18 and 19. In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal with the spatial domain transmit filter over the uplink resource based on determining the spatial domain transmit filter.

[0353] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to the selected core set index being the lowest (or highest) among multiple core set indexes of the multiple core sets.

[0354] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on the lowest (or highest) selected core set index among the multiple core set indexes of the multiple core sets.

[0355] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to the selected TCI state index being the lowest (or highest) among the one or more TCI state indices for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0356] In one embodiment, determining / selecting a selected TCI state from among the one or more TCI states may be based on the lowest (or highest) selected TCI state index among one or more TCI state indices of the one or more TCI states.

[0357] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one core set of cells for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resources.

[0358] In one example, the wireless device may determine, for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of a selected core set for a selected TCI state in response to the selected core set index being associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0359] In one example, the wireless device may determine, for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for the selected TCI state in response to the selected TCI state being associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel for the uplink resource.

[0360] In one example, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on the selected reference signal for the selected TCI state in response to the selected reference signal being associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel for the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0361] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive the selected TCI state using an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel for the uplink resource.

[0362] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive the selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state using an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0363] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on the selected core set associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0364] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on a selected TCI state of the selected core set associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0365] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected core set from among the multiple core sets may be based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state of the selected core set associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0366] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the multiple TCI states may be based on a selected TCI state associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0367] In one embodiment, determining / selecting the selected TCI state may be based on a selected reference signal for the selected TCI state that is associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0368] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to the UE capability information indicating support for beam correspondence without uplink beam sweeping for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0369] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine, for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters including an enablement parameter.

[0370] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to at least one impairment reference RS not being provided for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0371] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0372] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command (e.g., SRS Pathloss Reference RS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) indicating at least one impaired reference RS for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state.

[0373] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to no spatial relationship being provided for the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0374] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state in response to one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resource for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource.

[0375] In one embodiment, in response to not receiving an activation command indicating a spatial relation of an uplink resource (e.g., AP / SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal for a selected TCI state.

[0376] For example, in FIG. 18, the uplink resource may be associated with a first antenna panel (e.g., panel 1). The selected core set may be i) identified with a lowest selected core set index among the multiple core set indexes, and ii) associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, a first core set (Coreset-0) and a fourth core set (Coreset-3) may be associated with a first antenna panel of the uplink resource (panel 1). In response to the first core set index of the first core set being lower than the fourth core set index of the fourth core set, the wireless device may determine / select the first core set (Coreset-0) as the selected core set. For example, the first core set (Coreset-0) may be associated with a first antenna panel of the uplink resource (panel 1). The second core set (Coreset-1) may be associated with a second antenna panel (panel 3) that is different from the first antenna panel of the uplink resource (panel 1). A second core set index of the second core set may be lower than the first core set index of the first core set. The wireless device may not select / determine the second core set as the selected core set based on the second core set associated with a second antenna panel different from the first antenna panel of the uplink resources. The wireless device may select / determine the first core set as the selected core set based on the first core set associated with the first antenna panel of the uplink resources.

[0377] For example, in FIG. 19, the uplink resource may be associated with a first antenna panel (e.g., Panel 1). The selected TCI state may be i) identified with a selected TCI state index that is the lowest among one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states, and ii) associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, the first TCI state (TCI-State-5) and the fourth TCI state (TCI-State-4) may be associated with the first antenna panel of the uplink resource (Panel 1). The wireless device may determine / select the first TCI state as the selected TCI state in response to the first TCI state index of the first TCI state being lower than the fourth TCI state index of the fourth TCI state. For example, the first TCI state (TCI-State-5) may be associated with the first antenna panel of the uplink resource (Panel 1). A second TCI state (TCI-state8) may be associated with a second antenna panel (panel 3) different from the first antenna panel of the uplink resource (panel 1). The second TCI state index of the second TCI state may be lower than the first TCI state index of the first TCI state. The wireless device may not select / determine the second TCI state as the selected TCI state based on the second TCI state associated with a second antenna panel different from the first antenna panel of the uplink resource. The wireless device may select / determine the first TCI state as the selected TCI state based on the first TCI state associated with the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0378] In one embodiment, the one or more uplink resources may include a second uplink resource. In one embodiment, the second uplink resource may be associated with a second antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels (e.g., panel 3 of FIGS. 18 and 19). The second antenna panel may be identified by a second antenna panel index of the plurality of panel indexes.

[0379] In one embodiment, the second antenna panel and the antenna panel associated with the selected TCI state may be the same. In one embodiment, the second antenna panel and the antenna panel associated with the selected core set may be the same. In one embodiment, the second antenna panel and the antenna panel associated with the selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state may be the same.

[0380] In one embodiment, the second antenna panel and the antenna panel associated with the selected TCI state may be different. In one embodiment, the second antenna panel and the antenna panel associated with the selected core set may be different. In one embodiment, the second antenna panel and the antenna panel associated with the selected reference signal indicated by the selected TCI state may be different.

[0381] In one embodiment, the second uplink resource may be provided as a reference signal for the impairment reference RS via one or more configuration parameters or activation commands (e.g., SRS Pathloss Reference RS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE).

[0382] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate a transmit power based on the reference signal for transmitting the uplink signal via the second uplink resource. In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal via the second uplink resource at the transmit power.

[0383] In one embodiment, the second uplink resource may be provided with a spatial relation indicative of the reference signal, for example, via one or more configuration parameters or activation commands (e.g., AP / SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE).

[0384] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial-domain transmit filter based on the reference signal for transmission of an uplink signal over the second uplink resource. In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the second uplink resource with the spatial-domain transmit filter.

[0385] FIG. 20 is an exemplary flow diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0386] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive one or more messages. The one or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters for a cell. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of control resource sets (core set). The one or more configuration parameters may indicate uplink resources associated with a first antenna panel.

[0387] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship to the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a selected core set of the multiple core sets for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resource. The selected core set may be identified / indicated with a lowest core set index among a plurality of core set indexes of the multiple core sets. For example, the selected reference signal may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, the selected TCI state may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, the selected core set may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0388] In one embodiment, a wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over an uplink resource with a spatial domain transmit filter.

[0389] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship to the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate a transmit power based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a selected core set of the multiple core sets for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resource. The selected core set may be identified / indicated with a lowest core set index among a plurality of core set indexes of the multiple core sets. For example, the selected reference signal may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, the selected TCI state may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, the selected core set may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0390] In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource at a transmit power.

[0391] FIG. 21 is an exemplary flow diagram of beam management according to one aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0392] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive one or more messages. The one or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters of a cell. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of TCI states for decoding the PDSCH. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of TCI states of an active downlink BWP of the cell. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate an uplink resource associated with a first antenna panel.

[0393] In one embodiment, a wireless device may receive an activation command to indicate / activate one or more TCI states of a plurality of TCI states.

[0394] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship to the uplink resource. The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one core set of the cell. The cell may not include at least one core set. The active downlink BWP of the cell may not include at least one core set. The wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states. In response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resource, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state. In response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one core set for the cell, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state. The selected TCI state may be identified / indicated with a lowest TCI state index among one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. For example, the selected reference signal may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, the selected TCI state may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0395] In one embodiment, a wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over an uplink resource with a spatial domain transmit filter.

[0396] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship to the uplink resources. The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one core set of the cell. The cell may not include at least one core set. The active downlink BWP of the cell may not include at least one core set. The wireless device may determine a transmit power for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states. In response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resources, the wireless device may determine a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state. In response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one core set for the cell, the wireless device may determine a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state. The selected TCI state may be identified / indicated with a lowest TCI state index among one or more TCI state indexes of the one or more TCI states. For example, the selected reference signal may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as a first antenna panel of the uplink resource. For example, the selected TCI state may be associated with an antenna panel that is the same as the first antenna panel of the uplink resource.

[0397] In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource at a transmit power.

[0398] FIG. 22 is an exemplary flow diagram of beam management according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0399] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more core set pool indices (e.g., provided by higher layer parameter CoresetPoolIndex) for the multiple core sets. In one embodiment, each core set of the multiple core sets may include (or be configured / indicated by one or more configuration parameters) a respective core set pool index (e.g., 0, 1) of the one or more core set pool indices. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate, for each core set of the multiple core sets, a respective core set pool index of the one or more core set pool indices.

[0400] In one example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first core set pool index of the one or more core set pool indexes for a first core set of the multiple core sets (e.g., Coreset-0 in FIG. 18). In one example, the first core set pool may include one or more core sets having a core set pool index equal to the first core set pool index (e.g., 0). The one or more core sets may include the first core set. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first core set pool index for each core set of the one or more core sets in the first core set pool.

[0401] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a second core set pool index of the one or more core set pool indexes for a second core set of the plurality of core sets (e.g., Coreset-1 in FIG. 18). In one embodiment, the second core set pool may include one or more core sets having a core set pool index equal to the second core set pool index (e.g., 1). The one or more core sets may include the second core set. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a second core set pool index for each core set of the one or more core sets in the second core set pool.

[0402] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a core set group index for one of the multiple core sets. Based on the one or more configuration parameters not indicating a core set pool index for the core set, the wireless device may determine a default value for the core set pool index of the core set. In one embodiment, the default value may be equal to zero. In one embodiment, the default value may be equal to a first core set pool index (e.g., zero). The first core set pool may include a core set based on a first core set pool index equal to the default value for the core set pool index of the core set. In one embodiment, the default value may be equal to one. The second core set pool may include a core set based on a second core set pool index equal to the default value for the core set pool index of the core set.

[0403] In one embodiment, the first core set pool index of the first core set and the second core set pool index of the second core set may be the same. The multiple core sets may include a first core set and a second core set. The one or more core set pool indexes may include a first core set pool index and a second core set pool index. Based on the first core set pool index of the first core set and the second core set pool index of the second core set being the same, the wireless device may group the first core set and the second core set into the same core set pool. Based on the first core set pool index of the first core set and the second core set pool index of the second core set being the same, the first core set pool including the first core set and the second core set pool including the second core set may be the same.

[0404] In one embodiment, the first core set pool index of the first core set and the second core set pool index of the second core set may be different. The multiple core sets may include a first core set and a second core set. The one or more core set pool indexes may include a first core set pool index and a second core set pool index. Based on the first core set pool index of the first core set and the second core set pool index of the second core set being different, the wireless device may group the first core set and the second core set into different core set pools. In one embodiment, the wireless device may group the first core set in the first core set pool. Based on the first core set pool index and the second core set pool index being different, the wireless device may group the second core set in a second core set pool different from the first core set pool. The first core set pool and the second core set pool may be different based on the first core set pool index of the first core set and the second core set pool index of the second core set being different.

[0405] In one embodiment, multiple TRPs may serve (e.g., transmit to or receive from) a wireless device. The multiple TRPs may include a first TRP and a second TRP. The first TRP may transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) via a first core set having a first core set pool index equal to a first value (e.g., zero). The first core set pool may include the first core set. The second TRP may not transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) via a second core set having a second core set pool index (e.g., one) different from the first value (e.g., zero). The second core set pool, different from the first core set pool, may include a second core set. The second TRP may transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) via a second core set having a second core set pool index equal to a second value (e.g., 1). The second core set pool may include the second core set. The second TRP may not transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) via a first core set having a first core set pool index (e.g., zero) different from the second value (e.g., 1). The first core set pool different from the second core set pool may include the first core set. The multiple core sets may include a first core set and a second core set. The one or more core set pool indexes may include a first core set pool index and a second core set pool index.

[0406] In one embodiment, multiple TRPs may serve (e.g., transmit to or receive from) a wireless device. The multiple TRPs may include a first TRP and a second TRP. The first TRP may transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) over a first core set in a first core set pool. The first TRP may not transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) over a second core set in a second core set pool different from the first core set pool. The second TRP may transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) over a second core set in a second core set pool different from the first core set pool. The second TRP may not transmit downlink signals / channels (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, DCI, SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS) over a first core set in a first core set pool that is different from the second core set pool. The multiple core sets may include a first core set and a second core set.

[0407] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate at least two core set pool indices (e.g., 0 and 1) for the higher layer parameter CORESETPoolIndex. The one or more configuration parameters may include a higher layer parameter CORESETPoolIndex that has (or is set to) at least two core set pool indices. In one embodiment, the at least two indices may include a first core set pool index (e.g., 0) for one or more first core sets of the multiple core sets, and a second core set pool index (e.g., 1) that is different from the first core set pool index for one or more second core sets of the multiple core sets. The one or more first core sets may include one or more third core sets of the multiple core sets that does not have a value for the higher layer parameter CORESETPoolIndex. The one or more configuration parameters may not include the higher layer parameter CORESETPoolIndex for one or more third core sets.

[0408] In one embodiment, the cell may be a scheduling cell. The cell may include at least one core set.

[0409] In one embodiment, the cell may be a scheduled cell. The cell may not include at least one core set.

[0410] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first resource type for the uplink resource. The first resource type may be aperiodic (e.g., the higher layer parameter resourceType is set to aperiodic). For example, if the uplink resource is an SRS resource, the first resource type may be (equal to) an aperiodic resource type of the SRS resource set. The SRS resource set including the uplink resource (or the SRS resource) may be aperiodic.

[0411] In one example, the wireless device may receive a DCI triggered transmission of an uplink signal. The uplink signal may be an aperiodic signal (e.g., aperiodic SRS). The DCI may indicate, for example, uplink resources. The DCI may indicate, for example, an SRS resource set including the uplink resources. The wireless device may receive the DCI via a core set of the multiple core sets. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first core set pool index of the one or more core set pool indexes for the core set.

[0412] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a selected core set pool index for the selected core set. The one or more core set pool indexes may include a selected core set pool index. The selected core set pool index and a first core set pool index of the core set from which the wireless device receives DCI may be the same.

[0413] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to a selected core set pool index of a selected core set and a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives DCI being the same for transmission of an uplink signal over uplink resources.

[0414] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to a selected core set pool index of a selected core set being the same as a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives DCI, for transmission of an uplink signal over uplink resources that are aperiodic (or the first resource type is equal to aperiodic).

[0415] In one embodiment, the selected TCI state may be associated with a selected core set pool index. The one or more core set pool indexes may include the selected core set pool index. The selected core set pool index and the first core set pool index of the core set from which the wireless device receives the DCI may be the same.

[0416] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to a selected core set pool index associated with the selected TCI state and a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives a DCI being the same for transmission of an uplink signal via uplink resources.

[0417] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to a selected core set pool index associated with the selected TCI state being the same as a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives a DCI, for transmission of an uplink signal via uplink resources that are aperiodic (or the first resource type is equal to aperiodic).

[0418] In one embodiment, in response to the first resource type of the uplink resources being aperiodic, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on the selected core set pool and a first core set pool index of the core set from which the wireless device receives DCI. In one embodiment, in response to the first resource type of the uplink resources being aperiodic, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on the first core set pool index.

[0419] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a selected core set pool index and a first core set pool index of the core set from which the wireless device receives DCI in response to one or more configuration parameters indicating an aperiodic resource type of the SRS resource set that includes the uplink resource. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a transmit power based on a first core set pool index in response to one or more configuration parameters indicating an aperiodic resource type of the SRS resource set that includes the uplink resource.

[0420] In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal via the uplink resource at a transmit power. The DCI may trigger the transmission of the uplink signal (e.g., aperiodic SRS). In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal via the uplink resource at a transmit power based on determining / calculating / determining the transmit power.

[0421] In one example, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource, a DCI-triggered uplink signal based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a first resource type equal to aperiodic for the uplink resource. The wireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource, a DCI-triggered uplink signal based on one or more configuration parameters indicating an aperiodic resource type for an SRS resource set that includes the uplink resource.

[0422] In one example, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to a selected core set pool index of a selected core set and a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives DCI being the same for transmission of an uplink signal over uplink resources.

[0423] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of a selected TCI state of a selected core set in response to a selected core set pool index of a selected core set and a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives DCI being the same for transmission of an uplink signal over uplink resources that are aperiodic (or the first resource type is equal to aperiodic).

[0424] In one example, the wireless device may determine, for transmission of an uplink signal over uplink resources, a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to a selected core set pool index associated with the selected TCI state and a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives a DCI being the same.

[0425] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state of the one or more TCI states in response to a selected core set pool index associated with the selected TCI state and a first core set pool index of a core set from which the wireless device receives a DCI being the same for transmission of an uplink signal over uplink resources that are aperiodic (or a first resource type is equal to aperiodic).

[0426] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine / calculate / compute a spatial domain transmit filter based on the selected core set pool and a first core set pool index of the core set from which the wireless device receives DCI in response to the first resource type of the uplink resources being aperiodic. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on the first core set pool index in response to the first resource type of the uplink resources being aperiodic.

[0427] In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine the spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected core set pool index in response to one or more configuration parameters indicating an aperiodic resource type of the SRS resource set that includes the uplink resource and a first core set pool index of the core set from which the wireless device receives DCI. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine the spatial domain transmit filter based on the first core set pool index in response to one or more configuration parameters indicating an aperiodic resource type of the SRS resource set that includes the uplink resource.

[0428] In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource with the spatial domain transmit filter. The DCI may trigger transmission of the uplink signal (e.g., aperiodic SRS). In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource with the spatial domain transmit filter based on determining the spatial domain transmit filter.

[0429] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive one or more messages. The one or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters for a cell. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of core sets. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more uplink resources (e.g., SRS resources), including uplink resources having a first resource type.

[0430] In one embodiment, the first resource type may be periodic. In one embodiment, the first resource type may be semi-persistent. In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship to the uplink resources. The wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a selected core set of the multiple core sets for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resources. The wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resources. The selected core set may be identified / indicated with a lowest core set index among multiple core set indexes of the multiple core sets.

[0431] In one embodiment, a wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over an uplink resource with a spatial domain transmit filter.

[0432] In one embodiment, the first resource type may be periodic. In one embodiment, the first resource type may be semi-persistent. In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship to the uplink resources. The wireless device may determine / calculate / calculate a transmit power based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a selected core set of the multiple core sets for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resources. The wireless device may determine a transmit power based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship to the uplink resources. The selected core set may be identified / indicated by a lowest core set index among a plurality of core set indexes of the multiple core sets.

[0433] In one embodiment, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal over the uplink resource at a transmit power.

[0434] In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple core set indexes for the multiple core sets. In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more of the core set indexes for the multiple core sets.

[0435] In one embodiment, the wireless device may receive a DCI triggered transmission of an uplink signal (e.g., aperiodic SRS) over uplink resources via one core set of the multiple core sets. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a first core set pool index of the one or more core set pool indexes for the core set. In one embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicate a spatial relationship to the uplink resources.

[0436] In one embodiment, the first resource type may be aperiodic. In one embodiment, the wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal indicated by a selected TCI state of a selected core set of the multiple core sets for transmission of an uplink signal over the uplink resource. The wireless device may determine a spatial domain transmit filter based on a selected reference signal of the selected TCI state in response to the one or more configuration...

Claims

1. 1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a wireless device (210), an activation command indicating activation of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for a first core set having a first core set pool index of a plurality of control resource set (core set) pool indexes of a cell; receiving downlink control information (DCI) indicating transmission of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) via the cell via a second core set having the first core set pool index; in response to receiving the DCI over the second core set having the first core set pool index, transmitting the aperiodic SRS having transmission parameters determined based on the TCI state associated with the first core set pool index; A method comprising:

2. The method comprises: Receiving one or more configuration parameters including an enablement parameter; determining the transmission parameters based on a TCI state of the second core set in response to the one or more configuration parameters including the enablement parameters; Further comprising: The transmission parameters are: Default sending parameters, a spatial domain transmit filter, or Transmit power The method of claim 1 , comprising at least one of:

3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of core set pools includes a second core set pool, the second core set pool including a third core set having a lower index than a core set index of the second core set.

4. the transmission of the SRS is via an SRS resource that is not associated with a spatial relationship; The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transmission is in response to one or more configuration parameters including the transmission parameters and an SRS resource for transmitting the SRS not associated with a spatial relationship.

5. A wireless device (210), the wireless device (210) comprising one or more processors and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. 1. A method, comprising: A base station (220) transmits an activation command indicating activation of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for a first core set having a first core set pool index among a plurality of control resource set (core set) pool indexes of a cell; transmitting, via a second core set having the first core set pool index, downlink control information (DCI) indicating transmission of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) via the cell; receiving the aperiodic SRS having transmission parameters associated with the TCI state of the core set pool index in response to transmitting the DCI over the second core set having the first core set pool index; A method comprising:

8. The method further comprising transmitting one or more configuration parameters including an enablement parameter associated with the transmission parameters; The transmission parameters are: Default sending parameters, a spatial domain transmit filter, or Transmit power The method of claim 7 , comprising at least one of:

9. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of core set pools includes a second core set pool, the second core set pool including a third core set having a lower index than a core set index of the second core set.

10. the transmission of the SRS is via an SRS resource that is not associated with a spatial relationship; The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the transmission is in response to one or more configuration parameters including the transmission parameters and an SRS resource for transmitting the SRS not associated with a spatial relationship.

11. A base station (220), comprising one or more processors and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the base station to perform a method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.

13. A system comprising a wireless device (210) as described in claim 5 and a base station (220) as described in claim 11.

Images