Bidding conditions determination device for power trading among power consumers

Abstract

To provide a bid condition determination device for an electricity transaction of a power consumer, to which an electric vehicle or the like can participate in a P2P power transaction under advantageous conditions in a transaction cost, and which allows a contribution to a power peak cut of the power consumer.SOLUTION: In a power transmission and distribution system, a bid condition determination device for an electricity transaction of a power consumer, performs a prediction of a power demanded amount over at least one unit time zone of the power consumer. When a prediction value of the power demanded amount of the power consumer in each unit time zone exceeds a predetermined reference value, a mobile body determines that bidding for a purchase of a power amount to a direct transaction market performing commitment of a transaction of a power directly supplied to the power consumer by the mobile body is determined as a bid condition. When the prediction value of the power demanded amount exceeds the predetermined reference value, a purchase value of the power in the bid condition is set to higher value than the case where the prediction value of the power demanded amount is lower than the predetermined reference value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for buying and selling electricity (electricity trading system), and more specifically to a bidding condition determination device for mobile bodies such as automobiles to make bids to buy and sell electricity in a market where P2P (Peer to Peer) electricity trading is conducted, and an electricity trading system for mobile bodies to trade electricity. [Background technology]

[0002] The liberalization of electricity has made it possible to buy and sell electricity in the market, and furthermore, the introduction of P2P (Peer to Peer) electricity trading, in which electricity is bought and sold directly between not only electric power companies but also individuals or corporations who have electricity resources and consumers who are other individuals or corporations, is being considered, and accordingly, various technologies for new forms of electricity buying and selling have been proposed for the post-liberalization electricity market. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes an electricity management system for utilizing electricity stored in batteries of electric vehicles at large electricity demand facilities such as factories, which discharges batteries that serve as the driving sources for the electric vehicles connected to the factory equipment or stationary storage batteries in the factory equipment during the period when the power consumption of the factory equipment is at its maximum in the factory load, and compensates for the power consumption of the grid power so that the power consumption of the grid power does not exceed a specified power (a system that performs peak cuts on electricity in the factory equipment). Patent Document 2 proposes an electricity trading volume optimization device capable of calculating an electricity trading volume that maximizes profits from electricity trading for an entire group including electric vehicles and consumers scattered in a specified area. The device discloses a configuration in which an optimization calculation is performed with an objective function of maximizing profits from electricity trading for the entire group based on constraint conditions for satisfying the electricity demand of electric vehicles in electricity trading involving electric vehicles, constraint conditions for satisfying the electricity demand of consumers in electricity trading involving consumers, and constraint conditions on the tradable electricity volume that arise when electric vehicles and consumers trade electricity with electricity trading partners using a transmission and distribution network in a specified area, and calculates the electricity trading volume that electric vehicles and consumers in the group will trade with their electricity trading partners.Patent Document 3 proposes an electricity trading platform that enables small individual homes to buy and sell electricity from companies and local governments at a fair fixed price, and enables trading of both electricity and environmental value while establishing the use of the environmental value contained in the electricity. The platform proposes equipping general consumers and first consumers with storage batteries, connecting each consumer, etc., generators, the computers of the Japan Electric Power Exchange, and the operator's server on an equal basis via a P2P computer network, connecting a smart meter, HEMS, and DC / AC converter to each computer of each consumer, etc., and configuring these to be controllable, and managing the electricity bought and sold by each consumer, etc. via the electricity network using a distributed ledger based on blockchain technology. Patent Document 4 proposes an electricity trading history generation system as a technology for ensuring the traceability of renewable energy electricity, in which an operator account that records tokens issued in the blockchain, supplier accounts of electricity suppliers, and consumer accounts of electricity consumer are managed on the blockchain, and a transaction history generation device stores, for each consumer, supplier information including the supplier from which the consumer procures the electricity he or she desires, obtains the amount of electricity generated by a power generation device that has been transmitted to a specified electricity network, sends tokens in an amount corresponding to the amount of supply from the operator's account to the supplier account, obtains the amount of electricity demanded by the consumer from the supplier via the electricity network, calculates the supplier, consumer, and the amount of electricity transmitted from the supplier to the consumer based on the supply amount, demand amount, and supplier information, and sends tokens in an amount corresponding to the amount of electricity transmitted from the corresponding supplier's account to the consumer account. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2012-196028 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2020-43634 [Patent Document 3] Patent Publication No. 2020-9334 [Patent Document 4] Patent Publication No. 2020-91529 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Incidentally, with the spread of vehicles equipped with large-capacity storage batteries such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles (hereinafter collectively referred to as "electric vehicles"), the use of electric vehicles as power storage means has been proposed and is being implemented. In fact, as in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, during a period when the power consumption of the in-factory load of the in-factory equipment is at its maximum, a command is issued to the electric vehicle to connect its battery to the in-factory power line and discharge it, thereby making it possible to replenish power. Furthermore, since an electric vehicle can be moved to any location at the owner's convenience and can be charged and discharged, it is useful for ordinary individuals or corporations to be able to use an electric vehicle to buy and sell power in the above-mentioned P2P power trading.

[0005] As described above, when P2P trading of electricity using moving objects such as electric vehicles is conducted, the market can be categorized into two types: a "general trading market" and a "direct trading market." The "general trading market" is a market where an agreement is made for electricity to be procured from a seller of electricity to a buyer via the transmission lines of a power grid (a power grid for supplying electricity from large-scale power plants operated by electric power companies), and the "direct trading market" is a market where an agreement is made for electricity trading in which one party moves a moving object such as an electric vehicle to another location and transmits electricity directly. Regarding such a form of electricity trading market, it is very useful for large-scale electricity consumers that consume large amounts of electricity, such as factories, commercial facilities, railway stations, and airports, to be able to procure electricity without using the transmission lines of the power grid through the direct trading market in order to reduce electricity costs. In general, when procuring electricity through a power grid (including cases where electricity is procured in the general trading market), the basic charge for electricity is determined by the maximum amount of power demand in the past year, so consumers will try to suppress the maximum amount of power demand received from the power grid in order to reduce electricity costs. However, power demand may increase transiently, and in such cases, especially large-scale power consumers may take measures called peak cutting, in which the amount of power consumed per unit time (usually per 30 minutes) exceeds a predetermined value set appropriately (peak time), by procuring the excess amount of power from sources other than the power grid's transmission lines and suppressing the amount of power received from the power grid's transmission lines to below a predetermined value. When such peak shaving measures are implemented, the excess of the power amount over the predetermined value is generally covered by power from a separately prepared storage battery or generator, but storage batteries and generators are expensive, and when the peak power amount of a large-scale power consumer is large and the excess over the predetermined value is also large, the introduction of storage battery or generator equipment to sufficiently reduce the power peak requires a huge introduction cost. On the other hand, if it is possible to procure the power agreed upon in the direct trading market without using the transmission lines of the power grid during peak shaving as described above, it would be advantageous because it would be unnecessary to introduce equipment such as storage batteries or generators.

[0006] As described above, when an electric power consumer with a large electric power demand plans to enter into an electric power transaction with a mobile object such as an electric vehicle through a direct trading market in order to procure electric power for peak shaving at the electric power consumer, it is preferable to also consider the profit and loss or cost involved in procuring electric power from the mobile object. For example, even if an electric power consumer plans to use the electric power of a storage battery of a mobile object when shaving electric power at a peak, if the mobile object (or its owner) cannot find a cost advantage in discharging electric power to the electric power consumer through the direct trading market, not many electric vehicles will gather in the direct trading market where the electric power consumer is bidding, and the amount of available electric power will end up being limited to the total amount of remaining electric power stored in the electric vehicles within the jurisdiction of the electric power consumer. In other words, in order to enable electricity consumers to procure electricity from sources other than the transmission lines of the grid power grid through the direct trading market when taking measures to cut peak power demand, it is expected that efficient electricity buying and selling can be achieved as an optimized economic activity by constructing a configuration for an electricity trading system in the direct trading market that allows owners of mobile devices to understand the benefits of electricity trading according to the situation of the electricity consumer, given that electricity trading by mobile devices is part of economic activity driven by incentives that give the consumers the freedom to choose whether or not to discharge their surplus electricity to them and the amount of discharge.

[0007] Thus, one object of the present invention is to provide a configuration in P2P energy trading that enables a mobile object such as an electric vehicle to participate in energy trading under favorable conditions, taking into account the costs involved in the energy trading.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a configuration in P2P energy trading that allows a mobile object such as an electric vehicle to minimize power costs while contributing to power consumers' peak power shaving.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a configuration that enables a mobile body such as an electric vehicle to determine whether or not to bid in the direct electricity trading market, taking into consideration the costs and benefits of electricity buying and selling, depending on the electricity demand situation, such as when an electricity consumer implements peak power shaving measures. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] According to one aspect of the present invention, the above problem is solved by a device for determining bidding conditions for buying and selling energy of a mobile object in at least one energy trading market, the device comprising: a bid energy upper limit value determining means for determining an upper limit value of a bid energy amount for the storage battery of the mobile body for each unit time period; an electric power purchase / sale price prediction means for predicting the purchase / sale price of electric power in each electric power trading market for each unit time period; a charge / discharge optimization means for detecting optimal conditions that maximize profits in an index value that represents profits and losses from buying and selling of an amount of electricity by the mobile body in the electricity trading market within a range of an amount of electricity that can be charged and discharged by the storage battery of the mobile body over at least one of the unit time periods based on the bid energy amount upper limit value determined by the bid energy amount upper limit determination means and a predicted value of the buying and selling price of the amount of electricity by the energy buying and selling price prediction means, thereby determining the electricity trading market, buying and selling price, and the amount of electricity to be charged and discharged by the storage battery of the mobile body for each unit time period under the optimal conditions; a bidding condition determination means for determining, as a bidding condition in the at least one power trading market, to make a bid for the buying and selling price and the amount of charging and discharging power determined by the charging and discharging optimization means in the power trading market determined by the charging and discharging optimization means for each unit time period; Including, In the at least one electricity trading market, a direct trading market in which the mobile body enters into an agreement for electricity trading to directly procure electricity from an electricity consumer can be selected; the power purchase / sales price prediction means is configured to predict a purchase price of the power amount of the power consumer in the direct trading market for each unit time period as a predicted value of the purchase / sales price of the power amount, The bid power amount upper limit determining means includes a means for predicting the amount of power demand over at least one unit time period in the power consumer, and is configured to determine the bid power amount upper limit for each unit time period based on the predicted value of the amount of power demand and the amount of power that can be accommodated from the mobile object. This is achieved by:

[0011] In the above configuration, the "mobile body" may be a vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle equipped with a storage battery that can be charged and discharged from the outside, or other mobile body. The "electricity trading market" may be a market in which a mobile body can buy and sell electricity through bidding, and may include a general trading market in which an agreement is made for electricity procured from an electricity seller to a buyer via a transmission line of a power grid, as described above, and a direct trading market in which an agreement is made for a case in which one party in an electricity transaction moves a mobile body such as an electric vehicle to another location and transmits electricity directly (thus, in a direct trading market, when the electricity seller is a mobile body such as an electric vehicle, an agreement is made for electricity that the electricity seller moves the mobile body to the buyer's location and procures directly). In the device of the present invention, there may be one or more electricity trading markets that can be selected as a bid destination for a mobile body. The "bidding conditions for electricity purchase and sale transactions" include the time period during which electricity is procured, the amount of electricity per unit time period during that time period, and the purchase and sale price per unit time period for the procurement of that amount of electricity (in this specification, when the word "price" is used, unless otherwise specified, it may mean the price per unit amount of electricity or the price for the amount of electricity to be traded). In the market, when the bidding conditions of the electricity seller and the bidding conditions of the electricity buyer approximately match, an electricity transaction is concluded (a unit time period refers to one of the time periods obtained by dividing the time during which electricity is procured into predetermined time lengths set in the electricity trading market. Currently in Japan, 24 hours are divided into 48 segments, so the length of one unit time period is 30 minutes). The "bidding energy upper limit of the mobile body's battery for each unit time slot" determined by the "bidding energy upper limit determination means" is the upper limit of the amount of energy discharged from the mobile body's battery for each unit time slot, i.e., the upper limit of the amount of energy set at the time of bidding, and is an amount that changes depending on conditions such as the source of electricity procurement and conditions considered when procuring electricity, which will be described later. In addition, since it is the upper limit of the amount of energy discharged, the amount of energy for each unit time slot in the bidding conditions determined by the bidding conditions determination means, which will be described later, will be determined to be equal to or less than the bidding energy upper limit.The "purchase and sale prices of energy for each energy trading market for each unit time period" refers to the purchase and sale prices of energy bid by sellers and buyers in at least one (usually multiple) energy trading market that can be a bidder, and the "energy trading price prediction means" refers to a means for predicting the purchase and sale price of energy in at least one energy trading market by any method. Specifically, the predicted value of the purchase and sale price may be appropriately determined based on the past purchase and sale prices and indicative prices in energy trading under similar reference conditions, for example, using as reference conditions the season, time period, and climatic conditions including weather and temperature. Note that the predicted value of the purchase and sale price may be different for each energy trading market and each unit time period.

[0012] In the above-mentioned device configuration, the "charging and discharging optimization means" detects an optimal condition where profit is maximized in an index value representing profit and loss from buying and selling of electric energy in the electric energy trading market by a mobile body within the range of electric energy that can be charged and discharged by the storage battery of the mobile body over at least one unit time period based on the "bidding electric energy upper limit value" and the "predicted value of the buying and selling price of electric energy" as described above. ("Maximizing profit" means that when the loss in the profit and loss of the transaction is greater than the profit, the loss is minimized.) In this case, the "range of electric energy that can be charged and discharged by the storage battery of the mobile body" refers to the amount of electric energy that can be discharged and the amount of electric energy that can be charged according to the storage capacity and amount of electric energy in the storage battery of the mobile body. In other words, the range of electric energy that can be discharged refers to the range of electric energy from the amount of electric energy stored in the storage battery to the lower limit of the SOC (State Of Charge), and the range of electric energy that can be charged refers to the range of electric energy from the amount of electric energy stored in the storage battery to the upper limit of the SOC. The range of the amount of power that can be charged and discharged may be determined in consideration of the amount of power required for use such as the movement of the mobile body. The "profit and loss from buying and selling the amount of power" refers to the profit and loss generated by trading electricity, and specifically, may be the profit and loss of the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of power bought and sold by the buying and selling price. The charge and discharge optimization means calculates the "profit and loss from buying and selling the amount of power" while changing the amount of power to be bought and sold at the buying and selling price predicted for each unit time period and each electricity trading market under the condition that one electricity trading market is selected at a time over at least one time period, and searches for the optimal condition that gives the maximum profit, and determines the electricity trading market, the buying and selling price, and the amount of power to be charged and discharged in the storage battery of the mobile body for each time period under such optimal condition.

[0013] In particular, in the configuration of the device of the present invention, when at least one power trading market includes a direct trading market, the purchase price of the amount of power in at least one time period of the power consumer is predicted, and the power demand of the power consumer for each time period is predicted. Here, the "power consumer" may be an individual or facility that demands power, and in particular, a large-scale power consumer is a consumer that consumes a large amount of power, such as a factory, a commercial facility, a railway station, or an airport. The "purchase price of the amount of power" is the purchase price at which the power consumer purchases power from the power seller. The power demand of the power consumer for each time period may be predicted by any method, and the predicted value of the power demand may be determined appropriately based on the past power demand of the power consumer under the same reference conditions, for example, using as reference conditions the season, the time period, and climatic conditions including weather and temperature. The predicted value of the power demand for each time period of the power consumer is referred to in the bid power upper limit value determination means together with the amount of power available from the mobile object, and the predicted value of the power demand for each time period of the power consumer is reflected in the bid power upper limit value for each unit time period. Note that the "amount of power available from the mobile object" is the total amount of power stored in the battery of the mobile object that can be used to procure power to the power consumer.

[0014] Therefore, according to the above-mentioned configuration of the device of the present invention, when a mobile body makes a bid for power trading in an energy trading market, the charge / discharge optimization means finds the optimal bidding conditions that maximize the profit for the mobile body by referring to the bid energy upper limit and the predicted value of the buying and selling price of the energy in each energy trading market, and it is expected that the owner of the mobile body is given an incentive to power trading. In particular, when the energy trading market that can be selected as a bid destination includes a direct trading market where the mobile body makes an agreement for power trading to directly procure power from the power consumer, if the bid energy upper limit is determined by referring to the predicted power demand of the power consumer in the direct trading market and the predicted value of the buying and selling price of the energy includes the predicted value of the purchase price of the energy of the power consumer in the direct trading market, when the power demand of the power consumer becomes high, the bidding conditions for the mobile body to directly procure power from the power consumer in the direct trading market are easily detected as the optimal conditions by the charge / discharge optimization means. That is, when a certain power consumer has a high power demand, the power consumer will try to procure power through a certain direct trading market, and it is expected that the higher the power demand, the higher the purchase price for the bid in the direct trading market will be set. Then, in the bid power amount upper limit determination means of the device of the present invention, the bid power amount upper limit is raised in response to the increase in the predicted value of the power demand of the power consumer, and the predicted value of the purchase price of the power amount of the power consumer also increases, so that when a mobile body bids in the direct trading market where the power consumer bids, the profit in the index value representing the profit and loss from the purchase of the power amount becomes relatively higher than other bidding conditions, and thus the owner of the mobile body is given a higher incentive to bid for power transactions with power consumers with high power demand, and as a result, the power consumer with high power demand can procure more power from the mobile body.

[0015] Thus, with the above-described configuration of the device of the present invention, when optimizing the bidding conditions in electricity trading between mobile bodies, the electricity demand state at the electricity consumer, including cases where peak cutting measures are taken, is taken into consideration. As a result, when determining the bidding conditions in electricity trading between mobile bodies, it is expected that not only will the profits of the mobile bodies be maximized, but also an increase in demand from electricity consumers will be able to be responded to more efficiently.

[0016] When bidding conditions are determined using the device of the present invention, it is desirable for the amount of electricity supplied from the mobile object to be large when the predicted value of the electricity demand of the electricity consumer is large, and therefore the bid electricity upper limit value determination means in the device may be configured to allocate the amount of electricity available from the mobile object so that the bid electricity upper limit value in a unit time period when the predicted value of the electricity demand of the electricity consumer is large is larger than the bid electricity upper limit value in a unit time period when the predicted value of the electricity demand of the electricity consumer is small.

[0017] As already mentioned, when the power demand of an electric power consumer exceeds a reference value set appropriately in order to suppress the amount of power procured from the transmission line of the power grid, the electric power consumer may procure electric power through the direct trading market as a peak-cutting measure. In this case, when the electric power consumer sets a reference value for procuring electric power through the direct trading market as described above for the amount of power demand, the bid electric power amount upper limit determining means may have a means for calculating a power tightness, which is an index value of the degree of the excess of the predicted value of the electric power demand of the electric power consumer in a unit time period from the reference value, and may be configured to set the bid electric power amount upper limit high in accordance with the degree of the excess of the predicted value of the electric power demand from the reference value represented by the power tightness. In one embodiment, the bid electric power amount upper limit may be set when the predicted value of the electric power demand exceeds the reference value, or in another embodiment, the bid electric power amount upper limit may be set from the time when the predicted value of the electric power demand exceeds a value lower by a predetermined width that may be set appropriately from the reference value. In addition, the bid power upper limit value may basically be set to be larger in proportion to the degree to which the predicted value of the power demand represented by the power tightness exceeds the reference value (the amount obtained by subtracting the reference value from the predicted value of the power demand) but when the predicted value of the power demand represented by the power tightness exceeds the reference value by a large amount, the bid power upper limit value determination means may be configured to set the bid power upper limit value larger than an amount proportional to the degree to which the predicted value of the power demand represented by the power tightness exceeds the reference value so that more power can be procured.

[0018] In the bid power amount upper limit determining means of the device of the present invention, the "amount of power available from the mobile body", which is the total amount of power that can be used to procure power to the power consumer out of the amount of power stored in the mobile body's storage battery, may be determined based on the amount of power obtained by subtracting the amount of power consumed by the mobile body predicted until the time of power procurement to the power consumer from the amount of power stored (or to be stored from the present to the future) in the mobile body's storage battery, the predicted value of the stop time of the mobile body at the power consumer, and the amount of power that can be discharged from the mobile body's storage battery per unit time at the power consumer. In particular, the "predicted value of the stop time of the mobile body at the power consumer" is the predicted value of the time that the mobile body can discharge power while stopped at the power consumer's location, and may be determined appropriately based on the schedule of the mobile body, etc. The "amount of power that can be discharged per unit time from the battery of a mobile body at the power consumer" is, in short, the dischargeable capacity of a charger or discharger when discharging power from the battery of a mobile body at the power consumer, and may be determined by the performance of the charger or discharger equipped at the power consumer. With this configuration, it is expected that the "amount of power that can be transferred from a mobile body" can be determined more accurately, and more appropriate bidding conditions can be determined.

[0019] In the above-mentioned device of the present invention, the predicted value of the purchase price of the amount of power of the power consumer in the power trading market and the predicted value of the amount of power demand of the power consumer for each unit time slot may be appropriately determined based on past data under similar reference conditions, such as the season, time slot, weather, and temperature, as one embodiment, but when the purchase price of the amount of power that the power consumer directly bids on the power trading market and information on the amount of power demand for each unit time slot can be obtained, the power purchase price prediction means may be configured to predict the predicted value of the purchase price of the amount of power of the power consumer in the power trading market based on the purchase price bid by the power consumer on the power trading market, and the bid power upper limit determination means may be configured to predict the predicted value of the amount of power demand of the power consumer for each unit time slot based on the amount of power desired to be purchased bid by the power consumer on the power trading market. Each predicted value may be the value bid on the power trading market itself, or may be a value corrected by any method. This configuration is expected to improve the accuracy of the predicted purchase price and the predicted power demand, making it possible to determine more accurate bidding conditions.

[0020] In a trading transaction in which the above-mentioned device for determining bidding conditions for the trading of electric energy of a mobile body is used, it is advantageous for the electric energy consumer side to determine bidding conditions that increase the number of bids for the procurement of electric energy from a mobile body through a direct trading market when the electric energy demand increases. Therefore, in another aspect of the present invention, part of the above-mentioned object is to provide a device for determining bidding conditions for the trading of electric energy of an electric energy consumer in at least one electric energy trading market, A means for predicting an amount of power demand of the power consumer over at least one unit time period; a bidding condition determination means for determining, when a predicted value of the amount of power demand of the power consumer for each unit time period exceeds a predetermined reference value, that the mobile body submits a bid for the purchase of the amount of power in a direct trading market in which a contract is made for trading of the power that the mobile body procures directly from the power consumer, as a bidding condition; Including, The bidding condition determination means is configured to set a higher purchase price for electricity under the bidding conditions when the predicted value of the electricity demand exceeds the predetermined reference value than when the predicted value of the electricity demand falls below the predetermined reference value. This can also be achieved by

[0021] In the above-mentioned configuration of the present invention, the "predetermined reference value" for the predicted value of the power demand of the power consumer is a reference value for submitting a bid for power procurement to the direct trading market when the power demand exceeds the "predetermined reference value", and as already mentioned, may be set for peak cutting measures to suppress the amount of power procured through the transmission lines of the power grid, and may be appropriately set by the power consumer. According to the above-mentioned configuration, when the predicted value of the power demand of the power consumer exceeds the predetermined reference value, the purchase price of power in the bidding conditions is set higher in the direct trading market than when the predicted value of the power demand falls below the predetermined reference value. Therefore, when the predicted value of the power demand exceeds the predetermined reference value, it is expected that more bids for power procurement from mobile objects will be collected in the direct trading market, and thus it is expected that the peak cutting measures to suppress the amount of power procured through the transmission lines of the power grid will be more easily achieved.

[0022] In the above-mentioned bidding condition determination device for power consumers, the bidding condition determination means may be configured to have a means for predicting the amount of power that can be procured from a mobile object that can directly supply power to the power consumer in at least one time period, and to set the purchase price of power in the bidding conditions in the direct trading market based on the predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile object. When the predicted value of the power demand exceeds a predetermined reference value, when the power consumer makes a bid to procure power from a mobile object in the direct trading market, if it is impossible to predict how many mobile objects will bid in response to the bid and how much power can be secured, the purchase price in the bid of the power consumer tends to be high. However, if the power consumer can predict how much power can be procured from the mobile object, it is expected that the purchase price in the bidding conditions can be set more appropriately. For example, when the predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile object is large, the purchase price in the bidding conditions may be set to be lower than when the predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile object is small.

[0023] According to the above-mentioned bidding condition determination device for mobile objects or further, a bidding condition determination device for power consumers, a novel power trading system that achieves the above-mentioned object is provided. Thus, in another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power trading system that accepts bids for power buying and selling transactions from mobile objects and bids for power purchase from power consumers and concludes power buying and selling transactions, the system being configured to receive bids from the mobile objects under bidding conditions determined by any of the above-mentioned configurations of the mobile object bidding condition determination device, or further to receive bids from power consumers under bidding conditions determined by any of the above-mentioned power consumer bidding condition determination devices.

[0024] The above-mentioned bidding condition determination device for a mobile object, the bidding condition determination device for an electric power consumer, and the energy trading system of the present invention may communicate information via any wireless or wired communication network. The configuration of each means in each device and the processing such as calculations therein may be realized by a computer device operating according to a program. Effect of the Invention

[0025] According to the above-mentioned device or system of the present invention, in P2P power trading, it is expected that a mobile body such as an electric vehicle can maximize profits in profit and loss in trading, while directly procuring power from the mobile body in a more appropriate manner in response to the power demand of the power consumer, particularly the power demand in peak shaving. In the above-mentioned configuration of the present invention, the mobile body can create a plan for bidding to the power consumer after taking into account the magnitude of the power demand of the power consumer such as a business operator, and is expected to be able to seize a business opportunity such as peak shaving and obtain profits. In addition, for example, if it is determined that the power consumer will purchase power at a high price by predicting the execution of a power peak shaving measure at a large power consumer, a movement to store power in advance may be realized. Furthermore, from the power consumer's perspective, since the power peak often occurs during times when people gather, it is expected that by using the storage battery and stored power of the mobile body that gathers with people, it is possible to reduce the equipment such as stationary storage batteries and generators for peak shaving. Furthermore, by prioritizing avoiding power outages for operators over short-term profits, operators can increase their reliability in automobile power. This allows operators to rely on automobiles, which helps maintain the volume of transactions with operators that demand electricity, resulting in benefits for automobiles.

[0026] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0027] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electricity transmission and distribution system for electricity traded in a P2P electricity trading market to which this embodiment is applied. [Diagram 2]Fig. 2(A) is a schematic diagram of the system configuration of the P2P energy trading market, Fig. 2(B) is a diagram explaining the bidding process in the general trading market of P2P energy trading, and Fig. 2(C) is a diagram explaining the bidding process in the direct trading market of P2P energy trading. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a preferred embodiment of the bidding condition determination device for a moving body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4(A) is a graph showing a predicted value of the demand energy of a certain power consumer predicted by the bidding condition determination device for a mobile body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment. FIG. 4(B) is a diagram explaining the amount of power dischargeable from a mobile body per unit time period detected by the unit time provideable power amount detection unit of the bidding condition determination device for a mobile body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment. FIG. 4(C) is a diagram explaining the total amount of power that can be accommodated in power trading in a mobile body (electric vehicle) calculated by the total interchangeable power amount calculation unit of the bidding condition determination device for a mobile body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment. FIG. 4(D) is a diagram explaining the power tightness calculated by the power tightness prediction unit of the power consumer of the bidding condition determination device for a mobile body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment. FIG. 4(E) is a diagram explaining the upper limit of the bid energy amount in a sale bid for a mobile body (electric vehicle) determined by the bid energy amount upper limit determination unit of the bidding condition determination device for a mobile body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the electric power demand of a certain electric power consumer and the amount of electric power procured from an electric vehicle to the electric power consumer over time through an electric power transaction based on a bid made under conditions determined using the bidding condition determination device of this embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a preferred embodiment of the device for determining bidding conditions for electric power consumers according to this embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a bid purchase price setting for a power tightness degree in the power demand of a certain power consumer. [Figure 8]Fig. 8(A) is a block diagram showing a configuration modified so that the power consumer demand forecasting unit and the direct trading market purchase price forecasting unit in the bidding condition determination device for a moving body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment perform power consumer demand forecasting and purchase price forecasting by referring to the power consumer's desired power amount and purchase price in the power consumer's purchase bid in the direct trading market, and Fig. 8(B) is a block diagram showing a configuration modified so that the purchase price forecast value is corrected by the power consumer's demand forecast value obtained by referring to the power consumer's desired power amount in the power consumer's purchase bid in the direct trading market. In these figures, only the parts changed from the configuration of the bidding condition determination device for a moving body (electric vehicle) in Fig. 3 are shown. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the upper limit of bid energy in a selling bid for a mobile body (electric vehicle) determined by the bid energy upper limit determination unit of the bidding condition determination device for a mobile body (electric vehicle) according to this embodiment, similar to FIG. 5(E), and shows a case in which the allocation ratio of the upper limit of energy per unit time period is made larger than the ratio of the degree of power tightness. [Figure 10] Fig. 10(A) is a block diagram showing a configuration of the power consumer bidding condition determination device according to the present embodiment, which includes an electric vehicle connection number prediction unit for predicting the number of mobile objects (electric vehicles) connected to a charger / discharger under the control of the power consumer, and an electric vehicle discharge amount prediction unit for predicting the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile object (electric vehicle) in the charger / discharger, and is modified so that the predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile object (electric vehicle) is referred to in determining the bidding conditions, and Fig. 10(B) is a block diagram showing a configuration of the power consumer bidding condition determination device according to the present embodiment, which is modified so that the amount of power desired to be sold and the selling price in the selling bid of the electric vehicle in the direct trading market are referred to in determining the bidding conditions. In these figures, only the parts that have been changed from the configuration of the power consumer bidding condition determination device in Fig. 4 are shown. [Explanation of symbols]

[0028] 1. Electricity transmission and distribution system 2. Information processing system server 3. Communication network PL: Power transmission line network EV…Electric vehicle (mobile object) EC…charger / discharger device BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THEINVENTION

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to some preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like parts.

[0030] Power Transmission and Distribution System Configuration As shown in Fig. 1, in the power transmission and distribution system 1, power was previously supplied exclusively from power plants managed by power companies to various facilities and buildings that consume or use power, such as factories, buildings (businesses such as companies), commercial facilities, homes, and stores, through a power transmission network PL (system power network), but with the liberalization of the power market and the spread of distributed power sources based on renewable energy generation technology, the introduction of P2P power trading, i.e., the buying and selling of power between individuals, has been considered and is becoming technically feasible. In addition, with the spread of mobile objects such as electric vehicles EVs equipped with large-capacity storage batteries such as electric vehicles and hybrid cars, in the power transmission and distribution system 1, charger / discharger equipment EC is installed at various places in the power transmission and distribution system PL and at power consumers, and electric vehicles EVs are connected to the charger / discharger equipment EC to enable charging and discharging of the storage batteries. Furthermore, since the charger / discharger equipment EC can be installed at the facility of the power consumer, the electric vehicle EV can receive or supply power to the power consumer through the power grid PL or directly through the charger / discharger equipment EC installed at the power consumer. The use of electric vehicles EV as a means of storing electricity has been proposed and is being implemented, and the buying and selling of electricity using mobile objects such as electric vehicles EV through P2P trading is also being considered.

[0031] In a system that implements P2P electricity trading among electricity consumers including mobile objects such as electric vehicles EV, each of the electric vehicles EV and electricity consumers has a communication function that enables information communication via a communication network 3 with an information processing system (server) 2 that executes the P2P electricity trading (typically, mobile objects such as electric vehicles EV may be able to communicate via a wireless communication network, and electricity consumers that are located at fixed locations such as facilities may be able to communicate via a wired or wireless communication network), and is equipped with a processing device (computer) that has a function of accessing the P2P electricity trading market configured in the system 2 and enabling bids for the purchase or sale of electricity. In short, when a mobile object such as an electric vehicle EV and an electricity consumer wish to sell or buy electricity, the electric vehicle EV or electricity consumer submits a bid to the market in which the electricity trading is to be conducted, with the time period during which electricity is to be sold or bought, the amount of electricity to be sold or bought per unit time period, and the price for the sale or purchase as bidding conditions, and the operator of the P2P electricity trading market uses an arbitrary algorithm to effect an agreement for electricity trading between a seller and a buyer who meet the bidding conditions, and treats bids for which no other party who meets the conditions is found as non-contracted. Note that the information processing system may be configured to transmit information on the usage status of the charger / discharger equipment (e.g., whether it can be used, whether it is in use, and the amount of charging and discharging performed) from the charger / discharger equipment EC at each location, so that the mobile object such as the electric vehicle EV can be notified of which charger / discharger equipment EC is available for use.

[0032] Configuration of P2P electricity trading system Various configurations are being considered for the above-mentioned P2P electricity buying and selling trading system. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2(A), the system has business agents that manage the bids and agreements of large electricity consumers with large electricity demand, such as relatively large facilities, for example, factories, commercial facilities, railway stations, and airports, home agents that manage the bids and agreements of small electricity consumers with normal electricity demand, such as homes and small to medium-sized stores, and vehicle agents that manage the bids and agreements of mobile vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs), and the electric vehicles (EVs), large electricity consumers, and small electricity consumers each place bids via the agent in charge of them.

[0033] The electricity traded through the P2P electricity trading market is transmitted through the power transmission line network PL between electricity consumers who place bids through a business agent or a home agent and whose receiving or supplying locations are fixed. However, when a mobile body such as an electric vehicle EV participates in the trading, the mobile body can move to the charger / discharger equipment EC of the electricity consumer and directly receive or supply electricity, as already mentioned in relation to Figure 1. Therefore, the P2P electricity trading market in which mobile bodies such as an electric vehicle EV participate is composed of a "general trading market" in which transactions of electricity transmitted through the power transmission line network PL between electricity consumers are concluded, and a "direct trading market" in which transactions of electricity received or supplied by a mobile body moving to the electricity consumer (inside the facility) are concluded. Note that a mobile body can transmit electricity through a charger / discharger equipment EC connected to the power transmission line network PL, so it is also possible to trade electricity in the general trading market. As shown in FIG. 2(A) for these trading markets, the general trading market receives bids from multiple mobile units and power consumers through the business agent, home agent, and vehicle agent, respectively, and a contract is made for the one where the bidding conditions of the seller and the buyer match. That is, as shown in FIG. 2(B) for each unit time slot (1, 2, ... n), multiple buyers and sellers bid on pairs of price and energy (p, q) and (P, Q). Note that the unit time slot is a time span (usually 30 minutes) set in the market, and the trading of energy is performed for each amount of energy transmitted within the unit time slot (power x unit time slot length). On the other hand, in the direct trading market, as shown in FIG. 2(A), one market is formed for fixed energy consumers with charger / discharger equipment EC installed. These direct trading markets may be configured on a server managed by each electricity consumer, as shown in the figure, or multiple direct trading markets may be configured collectively on a server (not shown). In each of such direct trading markets, as shown in Figure 2(C), one consumer submits a buy or sell bid for each unit time slot (1, 2, ... n), and buy or sell bids for each unit time slot (1, 2, ... n) from multiple mobile units are accepted, and the bid that meets the conditions is executed.In addition, the owner of a certain mobile body may be the same as the owner of a certain house, in which case the owners may make separate bids for the mobile body and the house (for example, as in the case of house A in the figure, a market may be opened exclusively for the mobile body owned by the owner, without opening a charger / discharger to the public). A characteristic configuration of the bidding condition determination device of this embodiment, which will be described later, is intended for a situation in which an electricity consumer makes a purchase bid and a mobile body makes a selling bid when the consumer takes peak cutting measures, but in the direct trading market itself, electricity consumers normally make selling bids and mobile bodies can make purchase bids.

[0034] Configuration and operation of a bidding condition determination device for electric vehicles and other mobile objects (a) Overview In the present embodiment, as one aspect, a device is provided for searching and determining the most advantageous conditions for a mobile body such as an electric vehicle as a bidding condition when the mobile body bids on the P2P power buying and selling market. In this regard, when the power demand of a power consumer increases, the purchase price of power in the power consumer's bid also increases. Therefore, in the device of the present embodiment, when the power demand of a power consumer increases, the mobile body may bid to sell power and sell the power, thereby increasing the profit of the mobile body. As mentioned in the "Summary of the Invention" section, when the demand for electricity increases for an electricity consumer, particularly a large-scale electricity consumer, and the amount of electricity procured from the grid approaches the planned maximum amount (reference value) or is likely to exceed the planned maximum amount, the electricity consumer will attempt to procure electricity through direct trading in the direct trading market in order to suppress the amount of electricity procured from the grid, that is, as a peak-cutting measure (as already mentioned, the higher the amount of electricity procured from the grid (including the amount procured through a contract in the general trading market) is, the higher the basic fee for the next year will be, so in order to suppress such costs, when the amount of electricity procured from the grid exceeds the planned amount, a change in electricity procurement source will be attempted). When an electricity consumer attempts to procure electricity from the direct trading market, the electricity consumer's demand is usually highly urgent, and therefore the purchase bid is often made at a higher price than usual. Therefore, if a mobile unit can predict the timing of a power consumer's peak shaving measures, bid to sell power through direct transactions in accordance with the implementation of the measures, and obtain a contract, the mobile unit's profits can be further increased. Also, for power consumers, if they can procure power from a mobile unit through direct transactions at the timing when power demand increases and they are about to implement peak shaving measures, it will be advantageous for them to be able to reduce the amount of power they procure from the power grid.Thus, in this embodiment, particularly in mobile bodies, a configuration is provided for predicting situations when the power demand of power consumers will be high, and further, when a purchase bid will be made in the direct trading market for procuring power as a peak cutting measure for the power consumers, and determining bidding conditions so that a purchase transaction can be concluded and more profits can be obtained by bidding under more appropriate bidding conditions in response to such predictions.

[0035] In the bidding condition determination device for power trading of a mobile body such as an electric vehicle according to the present embodiment, generally speaking, a configuration is provided in which the price in the general trading market and the purchase price and demand amount in the direct trading market of power consumers are predicted, and based on the prediction, a trading market, a selling price, and a discharged amount of power for each unit time period that maximizes the profit in power trading are searched for, and these are set as bidding conditions. The configuration and operation of each part of the bidding condition determination device may be realized by operation according to a program of a computer device provided for the mobile body. The computer device may include a computer and a drive circuit having a CPU, ROM, RAM, and input / output port devices interconnected by a normal type of bidirectional common bus. The bidding condition determination device may be configured in a computer device provided in the mobile body itself, or may be configured using cloud computing.

[0036] (b) Trading prices and electricity demand forecasts 3, the bidding condition determination device for power trading of a mobile body is specifically configured to include an internally held data collection unit that collects information inside the mobile body, such as operation data (trip information) from the past to the present of a mobile body such as an electric vehicle, SOC fluctuation data of a storage battery, and connection status data of a charger / discharger in a home or office, and an externally taken-in data collection unit that takes in external information such as weather information such as weather and temperature, date and time, past quotations in the power trading market, etc. Then, from the information obtained by the internally held data collection unit, the user usage prediction unit predicts future usage status of the mobile body, for example, future running data, connection locations, stopping times, etc., in an arbitrary manner. Meanwhile, the information obtained by the external data collection unit is first referred to by a general trading market price prediction unit, which compares and collates the information with past weather, date and time (whether there is a holiday, weekday, or event), past demand, and past data on electricity rates in the general trading market, and determines a predicted value of the future electricity trading price in the general electricity trading market in an arbitrary manner (the predicted price value may be determined for each unit time period of the market). Also, the information obtained by the external data collection unit is referred to by a direct trading market purchase price prediction unit, which compares and collates the information with past weather, date and time (whether there is a holiday, weekday, or event), past demand, and past data on contract prices in the direct trading market, and determines a predicted value of the electricity purchase price from the present to the future in the direct trading market in an arbitrary manner. The predicted price value may be determined for each unit time period of the market, and in predicting the purchase price in the direct trading market, each purchase price in a plurality of direct trading markets where a plurality of electricity consumers each make a bid may be predicted. Furthermore, the information obtained by the external data collection unit is also referred to in the power consumer demand forecasting unit, which compares and matches the past weather, date and time (holidays, weekdays, whether there are any events), data on past demand trends, etc., to determine a forecast value of the power demand of the power consumer from the present to the future in any manner. Here, the forecast value of the power demand of the power consumer may be determined for each unit time period of the market, as diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 4(A). In addition, the forecast value of the power demand may be determined for each power consumer who makes a purchase bid in the direct trading market where mobile units may make a bid.The direct trading market in which the mobile unit may place a bid may be arbitrarily selected from markets in which power consumers within a range from which the mobile unit can procure power make purchase bids, based on the location relationship between the mobile unit and the power consumers. The above-mentioned trading price and power demand may be predicted over any number of unit time periods that may be arbitrarily set.

[0037] (c) Setting the conditions for allocating bid energy amounts in accordance with the trends in electricity demand of electricity consumers As described above, when the transaction price in the trading market and the power demand of the power consumer are predicted using the internally stored data and the externally imported data, respectively, a search for optimal bidding conditions that are expected to be the most profitable for the mobile body is performed using these predicted values. In order to search for such optimal bidding conditions, particularly in the device of this embodiment, a configuration is provided that allows the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile body to the power consumer to be allocated in accordance with the change in the power demand of the power consumer based on the predicted result of the power demand of the power consumer. In the configuration for allocating such power, as shown in Fig. 3, a unit time available power amount detection unit, a total available power amount calculation unit, a power consumer power tightness calculation unit, and a bid power amount upper limit determination unit are provided.

[0038] Specifically, first, in the unit time provideable power detection unit, when a mobile body is connected to a charger / discharger facility in a facility of a certain power consumer, the amount of power that can be discharged from the storage battery of the mobile body per unit time period τ (amount of power that can be provided per unit time) ΔPd is detected using the prediction result of the user usage prediction unit, depending on the performance of the charger / discharger facility, as shown in Fig. 4(B). Such unit time provideable power ΔPd may be detected for each charger / discharger facility of the power consumer from which the mobile body can procure power. The power consumer from which the mobile body can procure power may be selected in any manner in the future travel data in the prediction result of the user usage prediction unit. As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4(C), the total interchangeable power calculation unit may be configured to calculate the amount of stored power (total surplus power) that can be used externally by subtracting a predicted value of the amount of power consumed during the traveling of the mobile body, etc., estimated from future traveling data, from the current amount of stored power or a predicted value of the future amount of stored power in the mobile body's storage battery, detected or estimated with reference to SOC fluctuation data, etc., and further to calculate the total amount of power that can be discharged while the mobile body is stopped (total releasable power) from the planned time that the mobile body is stopped at the power consumer and the discharge speed of the charger / discharger equipment during that time, and to calculate the total interchangeable power by taking the smaller of the total surplus power and the total releasable power as the total amount of power that can actually be procured for the power consumer.

[0039] The power consumer power tightness calculation unit calculates a power tightness indicating the degree of the extent to which the predicted value of the power demand per unit time exceeds the maximum planned amount (reference value) of the power amount procured from the grid power network set by the power consumer in advance, from the prediction result of the power demand of the power consumer determined by the power consumer demand prediction unit. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 4(A) , the power tightness may be determined for each unit time slot, and specifically, for example, when the maximum planned value of the power procured from the grid power network of the power consumer is λ (when converted to the maximum planned amount of power per unit time slot τ, it is λ·τ), a value proportional to the excess of the power demand χ per unit time slot (shaded area in the figure) from the maximum planned value λ of the power or a predetermined value κ that is lower by an amount that may be appropriately set therebetween may be calculated as the power tightness. That is, the degree of power tightness may be calculated as a value proportional to (χ-λ) or (χ-κ) for each unit time period as shown in Fig. 4(D). Information on the maximum planned amount of power that a power consumer plans to procure from the power grid may be obtained in advance from the power consumer, or may be estimated from past trading records in the market.

[0040] Then, when the amount of power available per unit time, the total amount of interchangeable power, and the power tightness are obtained, a process is executed in the bid power amount upper limit determination unit to determine the upper limit of the amount of bid power for each unit time slot so that the amount of bid power is allocated according to the magnitude of the power demand of the power consumer. In this process, in short, the upper limit of the amount of bid power may be set to a value obtained by distributing the total amount of interchangeable power for each unit time slot so that the total amount of interchangeable power of the mobile body is allocated according to the magnitude of the power tightness, that is, so that the upper limit of the amount of bid power is set to a larger value in a unit time slot where the power tightness is large compared to a unit time slot where the power tightness is small. In this case, the maximum value is adjusted so as not to exceed the amount of power available per unit time. Then, for example, when the degree of power tightness is distributed in unit time slots τ1 and τ2 as shown in Fig. 4(D), the upper limit of the bid amount of power is determined so that the amount of power equivalent to the total amount of interchangeable power is allocated to unit time slots τ1 and τ2 in accordance with the degree of power tightness without exceeding the amount of power available per unit time ΔPd as shown in Fig. 4(E). By setting the upper limit of the bid amount of power in this way, in the process of searching for optimal bidding conditions that are expected to be most profitable for mobile units, which will be described later, the greater the degree of power tightness in each unit time slot, the larger the bid amount of power is allowed, and it is expected that bids for a large amount of power will be received from more mobile units in unit time slots where the power demand of power consumers is high, especially in unit time slots where the degree of power tightness is high.

[0041] (d) Optimization of charging and discharging conditions Thus, when the upper limit of the bid energy amount is determined as a distribution condition of the bid energy amount that allows the power consumer to procure a larger amount of energy as the power demand is larger, a search is performed for the bidding condition that maximizes the profit for the mobile body using the predicted trading price in the trading market under the distribution condition of the bid energy amount. In this process, an objective function fcost is set to calculate the cost incurred in the power trading as an index value representing the profit and loss in the power trading, and the amount of sold or purchased energy that minimizes the objective function fcost is searched for under the constraint condition on the upper and lower limits of SOC that should be satisfied in the mobile body's storage battery (the range in which the storage battery can be charged and discharged).

[0042] Specifically, first, the objective function fcost may be set as follows:

number

number

number

[0043] In addition, the SOC of the storage battery of a mobile vehicle is

number

[0044] Thus, in the above objective function fcost, Pg(k) and Pj(k) use the predicted values ​​of the buying and selling prices in the general trading market and the direct trading market for each electricity consumer, and the condition that the mobile storage battery is connected to the charger and discharger equipment at one place at a time (r connect (k) and u coonect j (k) is 1 in unit time period k, and the others are 0.) and the condition of the upper limit of the input power amount explained above, while satisfying equation (5), q buy (k), qsell The value of (k) is changed in various ways to search for conditions that minimize the objective function fcost (optimization of the objective function). Note that this optimization process may be performed using any numerical calculation such as linear programming or convex optimization.

[0045] As described above, when the optimization process of the objective function is performed and the optimal condition is found, the optimal condition is calculated for each unit time. connect (k) or u coonect j A trading market where (k) is 1 is selected as the bidding destination, the predicted price value used in the optimal conditions and the amount of power desired to be purchased or sold found in the optimal conditions are determined as bidding conditions, and bidding is carried out for each unit time. Here, if the power demand of a specific power consumer is not high, the mobile unit will make a bid to sell or buy power in the general trading market or direct trading market according to the predicted bid price and predicted power consumption at that time.

[0046] On the other hand, when a certain power consumer is predicted to have a particularly high power demand, or when a certain power consumer is predicted to take peak-cutting measures, it is expected that the power consumer will bid a large amount of power that he / she wishes to purchase at a higher purchase price than usual in the direct trading market, and accordingly, when a large amount of power that he / she wishes to sell is set in the direct trading market where the power consumer who has a high power demand or is predicted to take peak-cutting measures bids, the objective function becomes the smallest and is detected as the optimal condition. Then, for each unit time slot k, a bid is made in the direct trading market that gives the detected optimal condition at the price and amount of power that gives the optimal condition.

[0047] In the above configuration, when a bid in the general trading market is concluded, the mobile unit supplies or receives electricity using a charger / discharger equipment EC installed in the power transmission network PL. In order to transmit the agreed amount of electricity via the power transmission network PL, a means for ensuring traceability in the electricity transmission is introduced in the market. When a bid in the direct trading market is concluded, the mobile unit charges or discharges the purchased electricity using a charger / discharger equipment installed in the electricity consumer of the other party to the agreement in the market.

[0048] Thus, according to the above configuration, it is expected that bids for selling electricity from mobile bodies are more likely to be collected by power consumers with high power demand, and that the power consumers will be able to more easily procure electricity for peak shaving. More specifically, according to the configuration of this embodiment, the purchase price bid in the direct trading market can be considered to be linked to the degree of power tightness, so that the mobile bodies are expected to sell electricity during the time period when the power consumers want peak shaving (the time period when electricity can be purchased at a high price). Furthermore, power consumers often need to perform peak shaving during times when people gather, and mobile bodies tend to gather during such times, making it easier for the power consumers to collect the amount of electricity they desire. Furthermore, in the device of this embodiment, the mobile bodies calculate the amount of bids individually based on their own connection time and the tightness of the power consumers, and the higher the power tightness of the power consumers, the more mobile bodies will be connected, and the power consumers' demand lines will be leveled. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when a certain power consumer generates a power demand, many mobile objects predict the occurrence of the power demand and bid to sell the power to the direct trading market of the power consumer, and it is expected that the power required for the peak shaving treatment can be procured from the multiple mobile objects through direct trading. Then, as can be understood by referring to unit time periods 2 to 5 in the figure, the greater the power consumer's demand, the more power can be procured from the multiple mobile objects, and as described above, it is expected that the demand line of the power consumer after the agreement becomes gentler than before the bidding. That is, by moving in the same way, the mobile objects equipped with the device of this embodiment gather in large numbers under the power consumer with high power demand, and the bidding autonomously meets the demand of the power consumer. Furthermore, the procurement of power through the direct trading market is carried out within the premises of the power consumer, and since the electricity is transported by a vehicle, the power grid is not used, and therefore, a transaction without wheeling charges is possible, which enables cost reduction and a reduction in the burden on the power grid.

[0049] In the configuration of the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, the charge / discharge optimization process may further refer to the bidding result, repeat the charge / discharge optimization process, and update the optimal conditions. Specifically, when the bid is agreed, the mobile body may modify parameters used in the objective function, such as the market to be selected as the bidder, the predicted price value, or the upper limit of the bid energy, in consideration of the time of power transmission in the agreement and the amount of power transmitted there, and execute the charge / discharge optimization process again to search for new optimal conditions and determine the bidding conditions. Also, when the bid is not agreed, the mobile body may modify parameters used in the objective function, such as the market to be selected as the bidder, the predicted price value, or the upper limit of the bid energy, so as to exclude the bidding conditions that were not agreed, and execute the charge / discharge optimization process again to search for new optimal conditions and determine the bidding conditions.

[0050] Configuration and operation of the bidding condition determination device for electric power consumers (a) Overview In the present embodiment, further, when an electric power consumer makes a bid in the P2P electric power trading market, particularly when the electric power demand of the electric power consumer increases and the amount of electric power procured from the power grid is likely to exceed the planned maximum amount, a device is provided for determining bidding conditions so that the electric power consumer can procure electric power through the direct trading market as a peak-cutting measure by grasping the situation. As already mentioned in the description of the bidding condition determination device of the mobile body, the bidding condition determination device of the mobile body is configured to predict that the electric power consumer's electric power demand will increase and that a peak-cutting measure will be executed, and in that case, to predict that the purchase price of the electric power consumer will be higher than usual and determine the bidding conditions. Therefore, in the bidding condition determination device of the electric power consumer, when the occurrence of a situation requiring a peak-cutting measure is predicted, in order to make it easier to conclude a sale bid from such a mobile body, bidding conditions in which the purchase price is set higher than usual may be determined. The configuration and operation of each part of the bidding condition determination device may be realized by an operation according to a program of a computer device provided for the electric power consumer. The computer device may include a computer and drive circuit having a CPU, ROM, RAM, and input / output port devices interconnected by a bidirectional common bus of a conventional type. The bidding condition determination device may be configured in a computer device installed in the premises of the power consumer, or may be configured using cloud computing.

[0051] (b) Demand forecast and determination of bidding conditions Referring to FIG. 6, the bidding condition determination device for the power consumer, like the bidding condition determination device for the mobile body, is provided with an internally held data collection unit that collects information related to the internal state of the power consumer, such as information including past demand trends, past power trading prices, and base charges, and an externally taken-in data collection unit that takes in external information such as climatic information such as weather and temperature, date and time, and past quotations in the power trading market. Using the information obtained by these units, the power demand prediction unit determines a predicted value of the power demand amount for each unit time slot in the power consumer by an arbitrary algorithm. The time span for performing the prediction may be set appropriately. Here, when a unit time slot in which the predicted value of the power demand amount exceeds a maximum planned amount of power procured from a preset grid or a unit time slot close to the maximum planned amount is detected, the unit time slot may be specified as a power peak occurrence period and a period in which a peak cut measure should be performed. That is, similar to the case shown in FIG. 4(A), when the predicted value of the power demand exceeds the maximum planned amount λ or a predetermined value κ close to the maximum planned amount (shaded area), it may be identified as a power peak occurrence period.

[0052] When the prediction of the power demand of the power consumer is obtained as described above, the bidding condition determination unit determines the amount of power desired to be bid for by an arbitrary algorithm based on the predicted value of the amount of power demand per unit time. The predicted value of the amount of power demand per unit time may be set as is for the amount of power desired to be bid for, or an arbitrary corrected value (for example, the amount of power demand minus the amount procured from the power grid) may be set. Furthermore, the bidding condition determination unit determines the bidding price for purchase and sale in accordance with the predicted value of the amount of power demand for each unit time period, by comparing with the relationship between the past demand and price collected by the internally held data collection unit. The trading market for the bidder may be determined according to the predicted value of the amount of power demand. In the above-mentioned prediction of power demand, if a power peak occurrence period is not predicted, the general trading market or the direct trading market may be selected as the bidder, and the bidding conditions may be determined at a price set to be advantageous to the power consumer. On the other hand, when a power peak period is predicted in the above-mentioned power demand forecast, the bidding conditions for purchasing electricity are determined with the direct trading market as the bidder in order to procure electricity without going through the power transmission network PL as a peak-cutting measure.

[0053] In addition, when peak-cut measures are to be implemented, since it is desired to achieve power procurement as quickly as possible, the purchase price to be bid may be set higher than normal so that a power purchase agreement can be easily obtained. The specific process of setting the purchase price may be executed in any manner. The purchase price for implementing peak-cut measures may be a fixed amount, or may be increased or decreased in conjunction with an increase or decrease in the amount of power demand. In particular, in the device of the power consumer, a power demand forecasting unit may be provided with a configuration for determining the power tightness level described above in relation to Figs. 4(A) and (D) for the power demand of the power consumer, and the purchase price for implementing peak-cut measures to be bid on the direct trading market may be set higher as the power tightness level increases, as shown in Fig. 7.

[0054] Once the bidding conditions are determined, the bidding is executed in the selected market. In the case of a general trading market, the counterparty of the energy transaction can be either a mobile unit or another energy consumer, but in the case of a direct trading market, the counterparty is a mobile unit.

[0055] In the above-mentioned power consumer device, the bidding conditions may be updated by referring to the bidding results in the bidding condition determination unit as shown in Fig. 6. As in the case of the mobile device, when the bid is agreed, the bidding conditions may be set by modifying the market, price, and amount of power selected as the bidder, taking into consideration the time of power transmission in the agreement and the amount of power transmitted there. Also, when the bid is not agreed, the bidding conditions may be set by modifying the market, price, and amount of power selected as the bidder, so as to exclude the bidding conditions that were not agreed.

[0056] Thus, the above-mentioned bidding condition determination device for power consumers predicts the power demand of the power consumers, detects cases where peak cutting measures are necessary, and in such cases, determines bidding conditions so that power procurement can be more easily achieved through direct trading without using a power transmission line network. This makes it easier for mobile objects such as electric vehicles to procure power in response to the power consumers' power peak cutting measures, making it easier to increase the profits of power trading (minimize power costs).

[0057] Another embodiment of the bidding condition determination device The bidding condition determination device for the mobile body and the bidding condition determination device for the power consumer may be partially modified in configuration as follows.

[0058] (a) Changing the configuration of the bidding condition determination device of the mobile unit In the power consumer demand prediction unit and the direct trading market purchase price prediction unit in the bidding condition determination device of the mobile body illustrated in Fig. 3, as shown in Fig. 8(A), information on the amount of power requested to be purchased and the requested purchase price bid by the power consumer in the direct trading market may be acquired, and based on the information, a predicted value of the power demand of the power consumer from the present to the future in the direct trading market and a predicted value of the purchase price of power from the present to the future may be predicted. For the predicted value of the power demand, the requested amount of power in the direct trading market may be used as it is, or the requested amount of power may be corrected in any manner and used. For the predicted value of the purchase price, the requested purchase price in the direct trading market may be used as it is, or the requested purchase price may be corrected in any manner and used. With this configuration, the mobile device will operate to maximize profits, so that it will place bids for time periods when the purchase price in the direct trading market is high or for unit time periods when the amount of electricity desired to be purchased is high. As a result, it is expected that electricity consumers will be able to use the electricity of the mobile device for peak shaving measures.

[0059] In addition to the configuration of Fig. 8(A) above, as shown in Fig. 8(B), the predicted value of the purchase price obtained by the direct transaction market purchase price prediction unit may be further corrected by referring to the predicted value of the power demand. In such a configuration, when the predicted value of the power demand is high, the power demand of the power consumer is in a tight state, so that the predicted value of the purchase price may be rewritten to a higher or lower price so that the mobile body can easily sell the power. With such a configuration, even in a state where the price to be bid on the market is not changed on the power consumer side, the mobile body can autonomously determine the unit time period in which the peak shaving procedure is executed and contribute to the peak shaving procedure.

[0060] Furthermore, in the process of determining the upper limit value of the bidding power amount for each unit time zone in the bidding power amount upper limit value determination unit of the mobile body's bidding condition determination device, when setting the upper limit value of the bidding power amount to be larger according to the magnitude of the power shortage degree so that the total available power of the mobile body is distributed corresponding to the magnitude of the power shortage degree, the distribution ratio of the total available power to each unit time zone may be set to be larger than the ratio of the power shortage degrees. That is, for example, referring to FIG. 9, when the ratio of the power shortage degrees in the unit time zones τ1 and τ2 is a:b (a < b, a + b = c), the upper limit value of the bidding power amount may be distributed such that the ratio of the upper limit values of the bidding power amounts is (a - x):(b + x). Alternatively, using the power shortage degree γ and the total available power Po, the upper limit value of the bidding power amount may be given as θγ 2 Po(Σθγ 2 = 1) (θ is a constant coefficient. Σ is the sum over the unit time zones in which the mobile body procures power). As a result, the power in the unit time zone with a high power shortage degree of the power consumer will be preferentially procured.

[0061] (b) Change in the configuration of the bidding condition determination device of the power consumer The bidding condition determination device for a mobile object illustrated in FIG. 6 may further be configured, as illustrated in FIG. 10(A), to use information acquired by the externally acquired data collection unit to predict the number of mobile objects such as electric vehicles that can be connected to the charger / discharger equipment of the power consumer from the present to the future in the electric vehicle connection number prediction unit, and to acquire a predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile objects such as electric vehicles from the predicted number in the electric vehicle discharge amount prediction unit. The predicted number of connected mobile objects such as electric vehicles may be predicted by any algorithm, for example, by referring to weather information and date and time information, and comparing and collating with the number of mobile objects that gathered around the power consumer in a similar situation in the past, or the number of mobile objects that procured power by connecting to the charger / discharger equipment of the power consumer. The predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from the mobile object such as electric vehicles may be predicted by any algorithm, for example, by referring to the predicted number of connected mobile objects such as electric vehicles, and comparing and collating with the amount of power that could be procured in a similar situation in the past. The predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from a mobile object such as an electric vehicle may be referred to in the bidding condition determination unit when determining the bidding conditions. For example, if the predicted value of the amount of power that can be procured from a mobile object is sufficient compared to the predicted value of the amount of power demand, the purchase price for bidding on the direct trading market may be reduced, and if it is slightly insufficient compared to the predicted value of the amount of power demand, the purchase price for bidding on the direct trading market may be set higher to induce an incentive for mobile objects located in somewhat distant areas to procure power, thereby making it possible to more reliably procure power. In other words, by predicting the amount of power that can be expected to be purchased from a mobile object in advance, it is possible to set more accurate bidding conditions.

[0062] Furthermore, in the bidding condition determination device for a mobile unit, as shown in Fig. 10(B), the bidding condition determination unit may be configured to obtain information on the amount of electricity to be sold and the selling price bid by the mobile unit in the direct trading market, and determine the bidding conditions by referring to the information. Specifically, the larger the amount of electricity to be sold bid in the direct trading market, the lower the purchase price may be set, or the purchase price may be adjusted to match the selling price bid in the direct trading market. In other words, by predicting the amount of electricity that can be expected to be purchased from the mobile unit in advance, it is possible to set more accurate bidding conditions.

[0063] Supplementary information on the configuration of energy trading systems As described above, in the present embodiment, the mobile body employs a device for determining bidding conditions so that the mobile body can obtain a greater profit from energy trading, and the power consumer employs a device for enabling the power consumer to procure power through a direct trading market by setting appropriate bidding conditions during periods of high power demand, so that the maximum planned amount of power to be procured from the power grid can be suppressed. Therefore, the system for implementing P2P energy trading is configured to accept bids with the conditions determined by the bidding condition determination device. In addition, in some of the present embodiment, a configuration is provided for determining bidding conditions using information on the amount and price of power bid in the market, and therefore the system is configured to provide bidding information to the mobile body or the power consumer device so that such processing can be achieved.

[0064] The above description has been given in relation to the embodiment of the present invention, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be easily made thereto, and that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment exemplified above, but can be applied to various devices without departing from the concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for determining bidding conditions for buying and selling electricity in at least one electricity trading market by an electricity consumer, comprising: A means for predicting an amount of power demand of the power consumer over at least one unit time period; a bidding condition determination means for determining, when a predicted value of the amount of power demand of the power consumer for each unit time period exceeds a predetermined reference value, that a bid for purchasing the amount of power from the mobile body is to be made in a direct trading market in which a contract is made for trading the amount of power that the mobile body procures directly from the power consumer; Including, The device is configured such that, when the predicted value of the electricity demand exceeds the specified reference value, the bidding condition determination means sets the purchase price for electricity from the mobile body under the bidding conditions higher than when the predicted value of the electricity demand falls below the specified reference value.

2. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the bidding condition determination means has a means for predicting the amount of electricity that can be procured from a mobile object that can directly supply electricity to the electricity consumer in at least one time period, and is configured to set the purchase price of the electricity of the bidding conditions in the direct trading market based on the predicted value of the amount of electricity that can be procured from the mobile object.

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