The invention discloses a photovoltaic generating energy storage system and an energy scheduling method thereof. The system consists of a photovoltaic generating module, a photovoltaic controller, a bidirectional inverter, a rechargeable battery module, a switching device, a battery management system, a central controller, a display and a direct-current converter. The photovoltaic generating module is connected with an alternating-current load by the photovoltaic controller and the bidirectional inverter successively; a connecting end between the photovoltaic controller and the bidirectional inverter is connected with the rechargeable battery module by the direct-current converter; and the battery management system is connected with the rechargeable battery module. The central controller is respectively connected with the photovoltaic controller, the bidirectional inverter, the battery management system, the direct-current converter and the display by communication buses and is connected with a power supply grid by the switching device. According to the invention, charging and discharging control can be carried out according to the load situation and concrete parameters of the rechargeable battery module, thereby realizing the optimum energy utilization rate. Moreover, the control efficiency is high; the response speed is fast; and the control accuracy is high. The system and the method can be widely applied to the photovoltaic generation industry.