The invention discloses an assembly time evaluating method based on an artificial neural network and a virtual assembly. The method comprises the step of establishing a virtual working platform, planning a DELMIA assembly sequence and a DELMIA path and generating an assembly path, the step of generating the assembly sequence through a constraint matrix method and establishing the constraint relation among components, the step of preassembling the product components through a DELMIA assembly module, establishing a priority dismounting matrix, extracting the assembly sequence meeting the condition from the priority dismounting matrix and planning the assembly sequence through the strong data collecting capacity of the matrix, the step of establishing a virtual assembly work environment and the virtual assembly action process, the step of measuring the assembly path and calculating the assembly time, the step of establishing an assembly time evaluating model, the step of establishing the model and standardizing a sample, and the step of evaluating the sample. The assembly time evaluating method solves the problems that the product assembly period is long, cost is high, and the effect is poor.