The invention relates to an RDF data storage and query method combined with star figure coding. The RDF data storage and query method comprises the steps that S1, RDF data are preprocessed, and the RDF data are presented in an RDF data map mode; S2, an input SPARQL query statement is presented in an SPARQL query graph mode, and query decomposition is carried out; S3, the SPARQL query statement is preprocessed, and the task number of whole query, the connecting sequence of query star sub-nodes and relevant information of the query star sub-nodes are obtained; S4, the SPARQL query statement is executed, query connection planning is carried out, a Map Reduce parallel computation frame of Hadoop is adopted, and the number of times of starting a query task Job is decided according to the relevance of the SPARQL query statement; S5, subgraph query is carried out, and a Map function is adopted; S6, a result connecting algorithm is carried out, and a Reduce function is adopted. Due to the fact that a Hash coding index query strategy based on star configuration is adopted, stored data redundancy and the number of query tasks are reduced, and query efficiency is improved.