Method and drying device for drying board-shaped materials - Patents.com

Abstract

A method for drying building material boards, in particular boards containing gypsum, which are guided to a floor (15) through a device divided into a pre-drying zone (2) and a drying chamber, and in which the boards are brought into contact with drying air, is provided, characterized in that the drying air is directed from the pre-drying zone (2) onto the boards in an area (1) arranged upstream of the pre-drying zone (2) and closed at least on both longitudinal sides and on the upper side relative to the conveying direction of the boards.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and a device for drying slabs or slab-like materials, in particular slabs containing gypsum. [Background technology]

[0002] Drying of this type of board-shaped material is most often carried out by convection heat transfer, mainly of the overflow type with heated air, in which the slabs are conveyed through a dryer, often assigned to several floors, with the aid of conveying devices such as roller conveyors or screen belts.

[0003] According to the state of the art, dryers are usually operated in a recirculating manner: dry air is pumped through the board multiple times and reheated after each contact, so that the air becomes increasingly moist and only a small part of the dry air is released into the environment as exhaust air to remove moisture and flue gases.

[0004] A distinguishing feature of the various dryer designs is the way in which the air is directed over the material being dried. The air can be guided to the slab essentially in the form of cross ventilation, longitudinal ventilation, or so-called impingement jet ventilation.

[0005] In the case of cross-flow ventilation, the drying air is directed over the material to be dried from the side, transverse to the conveying direction of the board-shaped material. As the drying air passes over the material to be dried it gradually cools, resulting in different drying rates across the width.

[0006] Therefore, this method is not used for sensitive materials such as gypsum-containing slabs. With longitudinal ventilation, the dry air travels a long distance along the longitudinal axis of the dryer and flows over the boards to dry them, thus cooling them considerably.

[0007] In impingement ventilation, dry air is forced into the side of the dryer into a duct, called a nozzle box, and blown perpendicularly through the air outlet nozzle onto the surface of the material being dried. From there, the air flows to the other side of the drying system.

[0008] One advantage of this type of dryer is that the construction of a number of relatively short drying chambers, each of which is individually ventilated and heated, allows the freedom to select the desired drying temperature and environment over the entire length of the dryer. The drying conditions can thus be adapted to the requirements of the material to be dried. The dryer also offers good control, for example for product changes. Due to the appropriate heat transfer by the impinging air, this type of dryer can be made significantly shorter than similar dryers with longitudinal air flows. Such a system is described in DE 1946696 A1, entitled "A process and a device for accelerated drying of gypsum boards". However, no information is given about a particularly favorable operation from an energy point of view.

[0009] In principle, the energy efficiency of all these types of ventilation can be improved by heating the fresh air with the aid of a heat exchanger. The fresh air thus heated can then be used as combustion air or for pre-drying.

[0010] DE 2 613 512 A1 discloses a two-stage drying method and drying system. According to DE 2 613 512 A1, the problem is to modify or supplement the known two-stage drying method, with which it is possible to dry in particular gypsum boards or objects with similar properties economically, in particular from an energy point of view. A characteristic feature is the heating of the circulating air in the drying area, in which downstream impingement jet ventilation takes place, by means of a heat exchanger.

[0011] DE 102009059822 describes a method for drying slabs which are guided in layers through a device divided into several drying chambers, in which the boards are brought into contact with drying air in the drying device by impingement jet ventilation, which is provided in a transversely ventilated nozzle box, where the drying device is the main or final drying stage in the drying installation.

[0012] This procedure is based on the fact that the dry exhaust air should be cooled as much as possible before entering the heat exchanger, which further improves the energy efficiency. In this context, mention is also made of the use of preheated fresh air to pre-dry the boards at the slab in the pre-zone where upstream cross ventilation takes place. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0013] [Patent Document 1] DE 1946696 A1 [Patent Document 2] DE 2613512 A1 [Patent Document 3] German patent number 102009059822 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0014] The aim of the present invention is to provide a drying method that is more efficient than the conventional methods. For this purpose, the board is preheated in the inlet region of the dryer using the exhaust air of the front zone. This transfer of energy avoids the need to provide energy in the subsequent steps with burners, which provides thermal advantages. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] According to the present invention, this object is solved by the disclosure of claim 1.

[0016] Unlike other conventional procedures, according to the present invention, gypsum-containing board-shaped materials, such as gypsum plasterboards, but also gypsum fiberboards, are already exposed to warm air from the pre-drying section of the dryer during the curing phase (hydration). The curing phase usually lasts 8-12 minutes and includes the area before the dryer where the boards are already divided into individual beds.

[0017] The present invention is based on the surprising realization that, contrary to expectations, boards that are not yet fully cured, i.e. boards that are still in the final stages of the curing process, can be exposed to moderately warm, dry air without in any way interfering with complete hydration.

[0018] Advantageous further embodiments emerge from the dependent claims and the description, in particular in conjunction with the drawings.

[0019] Advantageously, the process is characterized in that exhaust air from the pre-drying zone flows as dry air along the board in a closed area against the conveying direction of the board and is cooled in the process.

[0020] Additionally, the cooled air is extracted and released into the environment.

[0021] Preferably, temperature and / or humidity sensors are provided to control the airflow, i.e. the supply of dry air, into the enclosed area.

[0022] According to the invention, a slight negative pressure of less than 50 Pa, in particular less than 20 Pa, is created in the closed area by the fan. Preferably, the moisture content of the air in the closed area is controlled to a value of less than 30 g per kg of air, preferably less than 20 g. Preferably, an air temperature of 35-60°C is maintained in the closed area. The environment thus created has the effect that, in particular when the slab enters the closed area, it is possible to effectively avoid falling below the dew point, which, for example, can lead to water droplets regularly dripping onto the surface of the slab, causing undesirable discolouration there.

[0023] Also according to the invention, a device is provided for a multi-floor dryer for drying gypsum-containing boards, characterized in that, before the pre-drying zone, there is an enclosed area inside which the dry air from the pre-drying zone is directed against the boards.

[0024] Preferably, the enclosed area includes side walls and a top cover, as well as an inlet side cover between the beds that receives the boards; the enclosed area is open to the pre-drying section for incoming drying air. The walls and covers may also be provided with doors or viewing windows.

[0025] Additionally, the use of fans in the area of ​​the ductwork is advantageous as it absorbs moisture from the slab there and warms the boards slightly before the dry air is removed from the enclosed area.

[0026] It is also advantageous to use a duct and exhaust the moisture-saturated dry air through a duct connected to a chimney.

[0027] If the device also includes a control or regulating device, whereby the supply of dry air to the closed area can be controlled by means of temperature and / or humidity sensors, the operating regime of the closed area upstream of the front zone is optimized.

[0028] Furthermore, it is preferred to provide a bypass line to remove excess dry air from the front zone that is not needed in the enclosed area, so that if the bypass line is connected to a chimney, the excess dry air can be discharged together with the air from the enclosed area.

[0029] In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a closed area in front of a front section of a drying device for drying board-shaped materials, without the segment boards forming the outer walls. [Diagram 2]2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the closed area in the longitudinal direction along the section line II-II in FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the closed region taken along the section line III-III in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the closed region taken along the section line IV-IV of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The closed area 1 (Figs. 1-4) extends between the charging area 20 or the feeding device and the front area 2 of the drying device. In this area, the solidification or hardening process in the boards, in particular in the gypsum boards, is completed. The front area 2 is connected to the area 1 without a transition and extends to the front wall 3 of the front area 2, so that the dry air flows from the front area 2 into the area 1 and heats the boards up to a temperature of up to 60 ° C. At the same time, in the area 1, negative pressure and less than 30 g of moisture per kg of air are maintained, so that the dry air absorbs moisture from the slabs and supports the solidification process of the slabs.

[0032] In the ceiling area, dry air is supplied through two protrusions 4,5, each arranged laterally above one side of the area 1. Moisture-rich air flows from the porches 4,5 through intake pipes 6,7 to a central exhaust pipe 8. The exhaust pipe 8 extends above the area 1, is equipped with a fan 9 and is part of a chimney 10. The chimney 10 is equipped with a filter system 11.

[0033] The front wall 3 of the front section 2 has an exhaust port 12 on one or both sides of the wall 3, which leads from the exhaust port 12 to a bypass line 13 which leads to a flange 14 which in turn is connected to the exhaust pipe 8. Thus, dry air can be exhausted from the front section 2 when required.

[0034] Internally, area 1 has a floor 15 (Figure 3) with rollers 16. The walls are formed from a number of segment boards 17 (Figure 4), which are preferably hinged to allow easy access to the interior of area 1 for inspection and survey.

[0035] In the feeding area, in the direction of the board discharge, a sheet metal strip (not shown) is attached to the feeding opening between the floors 15, which opens only to the extent that the board can be introduced when it is discharged through the floor 15, while otherwise the area 1 remains closed. The feeding opening is also provided with sealing means on both sides of the board.

Claims

1. 1. A method for drying building material boards containing gypsum, the method being divided into a pre-drying zone (2) and a drying chamber, in which the boards are guided to a floor (15) through a device for contacting said boards with drying air, the method comprising: During the final stage of the curing process of the board, dry air is directed from the pre-drying zone (2) onto the board in area (1); the area (1) is a closed area (1) arranged upstream of the pre-drying zone (2) and closed at least on both longitudinal sides and on the upper side relative to the conveying direction of the board, The curing process of the board is completed within the closed area (1), A negative pressure of 50 Pa or less is generated in the closed area (1), The moisture content of the air in the closed area (1) is controlled to a value of less than 30 g / kg of air; In the closed area (1), an air temperature of 35 to 60°C is maintained. A method comprising:

2. the exhaust air from the pre-drying zone (2) flows as dry air along the board in the closed area (1) against the conveying direction of the board, 2. The method of claim 1 .

3. The dry air from the enclosed area (1) is fed through a pipe (8) into a chimney (10), 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The dry air is extracted from the enclosed area (1) by a fan (9) inserted in the tube (8), 4. The method according to claim 3 .

5. the supply of dry air into the closed area (1) is controlled or regulated by a temperature and / or humidity sensor; 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second electrodes are arranged in a first direction.

6. A device for drying building material boards containing gypsum in a device with dry air, the device having a floor (15) and divided into a pre-drying zone (2) and a drying chamber, comprising: a closed area (1) disposed before the pre-drying area (2) and in which the dry air flowing in from the pre-drying area (2) can be applied to the board during the final stage of the hardening process of the board; The curing process of the board is completed within the closed area (1), A negative pressure of 50 Pa or less is generated in the closed area (1), The moisture content of the air in the closed area (1) is controlled to a value of less than 30 g / kg of air; In the closed area (1), an air temperature of 35 to 60°C is maintained. A device characterized in that

7. the closed area (1) has side walls and a top cover, as well as an inlet side cover between shelves (15) for receiving the boards, and is open towards the pre-drying zone (2) for the inlet of the drying air; 7. The device according to claim 6 .

8. The dry air can be removed from the enclosed area (1) by a fan (9) introduced into a tube (8).

8. A device according to claim 6 or 7.

9. The pipe (8) is connected to a chimney (10), 9. The device according to claim 8 .

10. a control or regulating device, whereby the supply of dry air to the closed area (1) can be controlled or regulated by means of a temperature and / or humidity sensor; 10. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

11. A bypass line (13) is provided to remove excess dry air from the pre-drying zone (2).

11. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 10.

12. The bypass pipe (13) is connected to the chimney (10).

12. The device according to claim 11 .

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