Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, electronic device and lighting device

Abstract

To provide a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and high reliability.SOLUTION: The light-emitting element includes a light-emitting layer having a first organic compound and a guest material. The first organic compound has a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton. The light-emitting layer includes a substituted hydrocarbon group substitution product in which at least one hydrogen atom in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number from 1 to 6. The same content is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in a weight ratio to the first organic compound.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a novel light-emitting element. The present invention relates to an element, or to a light-emitting device, an electronic device, and a lighting device that include the light-emitting element.

[0002] Note that one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields. The present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacturing method, In particular, one aspect of the present invention relates to a composition of matter. The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a light emitting device, a display device, a lighting device, a light emitting element, and a method for manufacturing them. [Background technology]

[0003] Electroluminescence (EL) using organic compounds The practical application of light-emitting elements (organic electroluminescence elements) that utilize the The basic structure of the device is a pair of electrodes sandwiching an organic compound layer (EL layer) containing a light-emitting material. By applying a voltage to this element, carriers are injected and the recombination energy of the carriers is By utilizing the gas, light can be emitted from the luminescent material.

[0004] Since the above-mentioned light-emitting element is a self-luminous type, a display device using the light-emitting element has excellent visibility and backlighting. It has the advantage of not requiring a light source and consuming little power. It also has the advantage of having a high response speed.

[0005] In the case of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), various organic compounds are used to create light-emitting elements. Therefore, the quality of each organic compound is important, and impurities in the organic compound affect the characteristics of the light-emitting element. In particular, the reliability of elements is easily affected by impurities.

[0006] Therefore, in order to obtain a light-emitting element with good characteristics, especially a light-emitting element with good reliability, it is necessary to add impurities. In Patent Documents 1 and 2, the EL layer having an organic compound By focusing on halogen compounds and keeping their concentrations below a certain level, we have been able to create highly reliable light-emitting elements. It is disclosed that it is possible to obtain [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. WO 00 / 41443 [Patent Document 2] JP 2012-174901 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] While there are impurities that can cause the characteristics of light-emitting elements to deteriorate, there are also impurities that can affect the characteristics of light-emitting elements. It is known that there are impurities that do not exist. It is important to identify the type and the concentration of impurities that affect the light-emitting element. It is also important to understand that the mechanism that causes the degradation of the light-emitting device's properties is largely unknown. It hasn't been.

[0009] Therefore, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel light-emitting element. Another object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element having high light-emitting efficiency. An object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element with high efficiency.

[0010] Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element with reduced power consumption. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel light-emitting device. In another embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, and an electronic device with high reliability are provided. Another object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element with low power consumption. It is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting device and an electronic device.

[0011] Note that the above description of the object does not preclude the existence of other objects. However, it is not necessary to solve all of these problems. Problems other than those mentioned above may be solved by the description of the specification, etc. It is obvious from the description of the specification that other problems can be extracted. . [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] One embodiment of the present invention has an EL layer between a pair of electrodes, the EL layer having at least a light-emitting layer, The light-emitting layer includes a first organic compound and a hydrocarbon group substitute. The first organic compound is a substituted or an unsubstituted carbazole skeleton, and the hydrocarbon group substituent is a hydrogen atom in the first organic compound. At least one atom of the hydrocarbon group has been substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The content of the radical substitute is more than 0 and 0.1 or less in terms of weight ratio to the first organic compound. It is a light emitting element.

[0013] In the above structure, the hydrocarbon group substitute is a hydrogen atom of the first organic compound. At least one of the compounds is preferably substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is One is a compound substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The hydrogen hydride group substitute is at least a hydrogen atom at the 2-position of the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound. It is a compound in which a carbon atom is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0014] In the above-mentioned structure, the first organic compound further comprises a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring. It is preferred that the ring is present.

[0015] In the above-mentioned structure, the light-emitting layer further has a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring. The second organic compound may be included.

[0016] In the above structure, the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G0): It is preferable to have one.

[0017] [ka]

[0018] In the general formula (G0), A is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. represents an aromatic ring, Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1; Cz represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton.

[0019] In the above structure, the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1): It is preferable to have one.

[0020] [ka]

[0021] In the general formula (G1), A is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. represents an aromatic ring, Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1; R 1 ~R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms. It represents one of them.

[0022] In the above structure, the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G2): It is preferable to have one.

[0023] [ka]

[0024] In the general formula (G2), A is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms; and n represents 0 or 1.

[0025] In the above-mentioned structure, the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute in the light-emitting layer is the first organic compound. The weight ratio of the mixture is preferably greater than 0 and not greater than 0.05, and more preferably, 0 is greater than or equal to 0.025.

[0026] In the above structure, the guest material converts triplet excitation energy into light emission. It is preferable that the guest material has a function of being able to perform the above-mentioned function. In addition, it is preferable that the guest material has iridium. .

[0027] Another embodiment of the present invention is a light-emitting element having any of the above structures, and a color filter or a transistor. Another aspect of the present invention is a display device comprising the The electronic device has a display device and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. Another aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting element having any of the above structures, and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. Another embodiment of the present invention is a lighting device having a light-emitting element. In addition, electronic devices having a light-emitting device are also included in the scope of the present invention. An optical device refers to an image display device or a light source (including a lighting device). Connectors, such as FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), Display module with TCP (Tape Carrier Package) attached , a display module with a printed wiring board at the end of the TCP, or a light-emitting element with a COG ( A display module with IC (integrated circuit) directly mounted using the Chip On Glass method. The rule is also an aspect of the present invention. Effect of the Invention

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel light-emitting element having high reliability can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting element having high emission efficiency can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting element with reduced power consumption can be provided. Alternatively, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel light-emitting element can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel light-emitting device can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel display device can be provided.

[0029] Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. It is not necessary to have all of these effects. Effects other than these are described in the specification. The disclosure of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. is self-evident, and the disclosure of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. From this, it is possible to extract other effects. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 illustrates a spin density distribution of a material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 illustrates a reaction according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are schematic cross-sectional views of a light-emitting element of one embodiment of the present invention and a diagram illustrating the correlation between energy levels of a light-emitting layer. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an active matrix light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an active matrix light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an active matrix light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 1 is a circuit diagram of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 1 is a circuit diagram of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] 1 illustrates a lighting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21] 1 illustrates a lighting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] 1 illustrates a lighting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 23] 1 illustrates a lighting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an NMR chart of a compound according to an embodiment. [Diagram 25] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an MS spectrum according to an embodiment. [Figure 26] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of a compound according to an example. [Figure 27] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of a compound according to an example. [Figure 28] 1 is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Figure 29] FIG. 13 is a graph showing current efficiency vs. luminance characteristics of a light-emitting element in the embodiment. [Diagram 30] FIG. 13 is a graph showing luminance-voltage characteristics of a light-emitting element in the example. [Diagram 31] FIG. 13 is a graph showing external quantum efficiency vs. luminance characteristics of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. [Diagram 32] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating emission spectra of light-emitting elements in accordance with an embodiment. [Diagram 33] 11A to 11C are diagrams illustrating a reliability test of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the above description, and the embodiments and details thereof are not limited to those described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and examples. The present invention should not be construed as being limited to the contents of the examples.

[0032] In addition, the position, size, range, etc. of each component shown in the drawings are not necessarily shown in order to facilitate understanding. The actual position, size, range, etc. may not be shown. The present invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, range, etc. disclosed in the drawings, etc.

[0033] In addition, in this specification, ordinal numbers such as 1st, 2nd, etc. are used for convenience. In some cases, the order of steps or layers may not be indicated. For example, "first" may be replaced with "second" or " " can be appropriately replaced with "the third" etc. The ordinal numbers used to identify an aspect of the present invention may not match those used in the present invention. be.

[0034] In addition, in this specification and the like, when explaining the configuration of the invention using drawings, The reference numerals may be commonly used among different drawings.

[0035] In addition, in this specification and the like, the terms "film" and "layer" are interchangeable. For example, the term "conductive layer" can be changed to the term "conductive film." Alternatively, for example, the term "insulating film" may be changed to "insulating layer." It may be possible to change the term to:

[0036] In this specification and the like, the singlet excited state (S * ) is a single charge with excitation energy The S1 level is the lowest singlet excited energy level. It is the lowest excited energy level of the singlet excited state (S1 state). Singlet excited state (T * ) is a triplet state with an excited energy. Also, T1 The level is the lowest triplet excited energy level, and the lowest triplet excited state (T In this specification, the term "singlet excited state" is used. Even when written as singlet excited states and singlet excited energy levels, the S1 state and S1 level In addition, when written as triplet excited state and triplet excited energy level, However, it may represent a T1 state and a T1 level.

[0037] In the present specification and the like, a fluorescent compound refers to a compound that relaxes from a singlet excited state to a ground state. On the other hand, phosphorescent compounds are substances that emit light in the visible light region when they are in a triplet excited state. When the material relaxes from the 1H state to the ground state, it emits light in the visible light region at room temperature. A phosphorescent compound is one of the substances that can convert triplet excitation energy into visible light. .

[0038] In this specification and the like, room temperature refers to any temperature between 0°C and 40°C.

[0039] In this specification, the blue wavelength region refers to wavelengths of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm. blue emission has at least one emission spectrum peak in that region. The green wavelength region is the wavelength region between 500 nm and 580 nm. Green emission is emission having at least one emission spectrum peak in this region. The red wavelength region is the wavelength region between 580 nm and 680 nm. The emission is an emission having at least one emission spectrum peak in said region.

[0040] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, a light-emitting element of one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. Reveal.

[0041] <Example of the configuration of light-emitting element> First, the structure of a light-emitting element of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This is explained below.

[0042] FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element 150 of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] The light emitting element 150 has a pair of electrodes (electrode 101 and electrode 102). The EL layer 100 includes at least a light-emitting layer 130. .

[0044] The EL layer 100 shown in FIG. 1A includes a hole injection layer 111, a hole injection layer 112, a light emitting layer 130, and a cathode. It has functional layers such as a hole transport layer 112 , an electron transport layer 118 , and an electron injection layer 119 .

[0045] In this embodiment, of the pair of electrodes, electrode 101 is an anode, and electrode 1 Although the description will be given assuming that 02 is a cathode, the configuration of the light-emitting element 150 is not limited to this. The electrode 101 is a cathode, the electrode 102 is an anode, and the layers between the electrodes are stacked in the reverse order. That is, from the anode side, the hole injection layer 111, the hole transport layer 112, and the light emitting layer 113 may be arranged in that order. The light-emitting layer 130, the electron transport layer 118, and the electron injection layer 119 may be laminated in this order. .

[0046] The configuration of the EL layer 100 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1(A). 130, which includes a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 130. The layer 119 may or may not be present. or reducing the barrier for injection of electrons; improving the transportability of holes or electrons; Inhibits the transport of the fluorine-containing compound, suppresses the quenching phenomenon caused by the electrode, suppresses exciton diffusion, and The functional layers may each have a function of being able to It may be a single layer or a laminate of multiple layers.

[0047] FIG. 1(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the light-emitting layer 130 shown in FIG. The light-emitting layer 130 shown in FIG.

[0048] The host material 131 may include at least an organic compound 131_1. Compound 131_1 is a compound having a function of transporting electrons (having electron transport properties). It is preferable that the compound has a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton. It is more preferable that the nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton has a high electron transport property and is stable. Yes, this is preferable.

[0049] In addition, it is preferable that the host material 131 further includes an organic compound 131_2. Compound 131_2 is a compound having a function of transporting holes (having hole transport properties). is preferred.

[0050] In addition, the combination of organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 131_2 has electron transport properties. In the case of a combination of a compound having a hole transporting property and a compound having a hole transporting property, the mixing ratio Specifically, the carrier balance can be easily controlled by using a material having an electron transport property. The compound having a hole transporting property:the compound having a hole transporting property is preferably in the range of 1:9 to 9:1 (weight ratio). In addition, by having this structure, it is easy to achieve carrier balance and a carrier recombination region (exciton generation region). The control of the region of formation can also be easily performed.

[0051] The guest material 132 may be a light-emitting organic compound that emits fluorescence. A substance capable of emitting phosphorescence (hereinafter referred to as a fluorescent compound) or a substance capable of emitting phosphorescence (hereinafter referred to as a In the following, a fluorescent compound (also called a phosphorescent compound) is preferably used as the guest material 132. A configuration using a luminescent compound or a phosphorescent compound will be described.

[0052] The light emitting element 150 is required to have a high luminous efficiency. In addition, the decrease in luminous efficiency due to long-term storage or long-term operation is small. The light emitting element 150 is required to have a long life and high reliability. In order to have high reliability, the EL layer 100, especially the light-emitting layer 130, should be free of impurities. It is preferable to use an organic compound that is present in a small amount. Hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbon groups or halogens. It is preferred that the organic compound used in the step (a) has a low halide content.

[0053] In order to manufacture a light-emitting element with a low content of impurities, It is preferable to increase the purity. Therefore, the synthesis of the organic compound is carried out using reagents with few impurities or pure materials. It is preferable to synthesize the compound using a solvent with high purity. This is because they may be contained in organic compounds. The purification of the organic compounds is carried out by sublimation purification. Sublimation purification is generally used to remove residual solvents from the synthesis and trace amounts of impurities (e.g. , halides) can be separated.

[0054] However, since the molecular structure is similar to that of the organic compound used in the EL layer 100, It contains impurities that are difficult to separate during the purification process of the compound and whose content is difficult to reduce. In addition, impurities may be mixed in during the manufacture of the light-emitting element, causing the light-emitting element to become deformed. For example, substances produced by the decomposition of organic compounds during vacuum deposition may be included. In some cases, the impurities may be mixed into the light-emitting element. In the fabrication methods using solvents, such as the printing method and the like, the solvent or impurities in the solvent may cause the luminescent element to emit light. In addition, when the light-emitting element is driven, the organic compound may decompose and cause The generated substance may be included in the light-emitting element as an impurity. It is difficult to eliminate all of the impurities present.

[0055] As described above, it is difficult to form the EL layer 100 so as not to contain impurities. The inventors have found that if a certain impurity is present at a concentration below a certain level, it does not affect the characteristics of the light-emitting device. Specifically, in the light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layer 130 contains a host material and The luminescent layer 1 contains an organic compound having a carbazole skeleton and a guest material as an impurity. At least one of the hydrogen atoms in the host material included in 30 is a carbon atom having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The content of the hydrocarbon group substitute having a structure substituted with a hydrogen group is determined based on the weight of the host material. The light emitting element has a quantity ratio greater than 0 and equal to or less than 0.1.

[0056] In addition, when the hydrocarbon group substitutent is a methyl group substitutent, this methyl group substitutent is approximately The m / z of the sample is expressed as m / z of the sample material + 14n (n is a natural number).

[0057] Preferably, the content of the hydrocarbon group substituent is greater than 0 in terms of weight ratio to the host material. It is 0.05 or less, and more preferably greater than 0 and 0.025 or less.

[0058] Organic compounds with a carbazole skeleton have a high T1 level and high carrier transport properties. Therefore, it is suitable for use in light emitting devices.

[0059] Carbazole, which is a raw material for organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton used in light-emitting elements The derivatives are those in which the hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton is replaced by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, often Hydrocarbon group substitutes substituted with alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, especially methyl groups, are used as impurities. The hydrocarbon group substituent may be included as a target compound (an organic compound having a carbazole skeleton). Since the physical properties of the carbazole derivatives (or their raw materials) are similar, they are purified and removed. This is because it is difficult to do so.

[0060] As mentioned above, organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton contain hydrocarbon group substitutes as impurities. Since such a material may be contained as an oxide, it may adversely affect the characteristics of the light emitting element.

[0061] <Analysis of the effects of impurities using quantum chemical calculations> Here, the effect of a hydrocarbon group-substituted organic compound having a carbazole skeleton in a light-emitting device The following will be explained using quantum chemical calculations.

[0062] The organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton used in the analysis and their names are shown below.

[0063] [ka]

[0064] 35DCzPPy is used as a material for the electron transport layer and the light emitting layer in light emitting devices. e-35DCzPPy is a substance that is considered to be an impurity contained in 35DCzPPy. , which can be said to be a methyl group-substituted derivative of 35DCzPPy.

[0065] Regarding the triplet excited state (T1) of 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy, We performed vibration (spin density) analysis for the most stable structure and metastable structure in which the spin potential is lowest. The calculation method used was density functional theory (DFT). The results are shown in Figure 2. Energy is potential energy, electrostatic energy between electrons, and kinetic energy of electrons. and the sum of the exchange-correlation energy including all the complex interactions between electrons. In DFT, The exchange-correlation interaction is expressed as a functional (function of a function) of the one-electron potential expressed in terms of the electron density. The calculation is fast because it approximates the use of the mixed functional B3LYP. The weights of the parameters related to the exchange and correlation energies are specified. The calculation program used was Gaussian 09. Used.

[0066] In Figure 2, the shading in the molecule indicates the spin in the T1 excited state. There is a large difference in the spin density distribution in the most stable T1 structure of Me-35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy. is not observed, which indicates that the spins tend to spread to the pyridine ring and the phenylene group. The spins in the T1 metastable structures are mainly , the spin is spread to the carbazole ring, whereas in Me-35DCzPPy, the spin is spread to the methyl group. The spin density of the methyl group is about 3% of the total. The ratio of spin density was calculated from the sum of the absolute values ​​of the spin densities of each atom.

[0067] The calculation procedure is as follows: first, the most stable structure of the ground state (S0 state) is used as the initial structure, The most stable structure of T1 was recalculated to be the metastable structure of T1. The initial structure is such that the lysine ring and the phenylene group have a good chance of having spin electrons in the T1 excited state. The excitation energy is the energy of the most stable structure of S0 and The energy difference between the most stable structure of T1 and the most stable structure of T2 is calculated. Even if the S0 most stable structure is recalculated, the structure is the same as the previously calculated S0 most stable structure. , which became the energy value.

[0068] In other words, the excitation from the ground state (S0 state) of Me-35DCzPPy to the T1 excited state Considering the structural change due to the ionization, the structural change between the ground state and the most stable T1 structure is larger than that between the ground state and the most stable T2 structure. The molecular twist is larger than the structural change between T1 metastable structures, so it is less likely to occur. The energy difference between the most stable and metastable T1 structures of Me-35DCzPPy is 0.0 9 eV, the T1 excited state of Me-35DCzPPy is smaller than that of 35DCzPPy. As mentioned above, the T1 metastable structure of Me-35DCzPPy is easily formed. In the steady state, the spin extends to the methyl group, so the reaction originating from the methyl group occurs. There may be cases where this occurs.

[0069] Next, quantum chemical calculations were performed to determine the relationship between the methyl group in Me-35DCzPPy and the When the pyridine rings interact, the hydrogen atom of the methyl group moves to the pyridine ring, forming CH2 Analysis of hydrogen atom transfer reaction producing -35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy-H The reaction formulas and organic compound names used in the analysis are shown below.

[0070] [ka]

[0071] Reaction pathways and energies obtained by analysis of hydrogen atom transfer reactions in the lowest excited triplet state. The diagram is shown in Figure 3.

[0072] In Figure 3, Me-35DCzPPy in the T1 state and Me-35 in the ground state (S0 state) are The energy of DCzPPy in the infinitely dissociated state was used as the reference. The activation energy of the reaction in which an atom transfers to the pyridine ring is 0.54 eV, and it occurs at room temperature. Furthermore, the final state after hydrogen atom transfer is CH2-35DCzPPy and Me-35 DCzPPy-H and DCzPPy-H are in radical states, and the final state energy is the initial state The reaction is exothermic, and the energy of the reaction is stable below that of the reaction When the optical element is driven, the Me-3 When the methyl group of 5DCzPPy and the pyridine ring are in a molecular configuration that interacts with each other, Hydrogen atom transfer reactions may occur.

[0073] The generated radicals CH2-35DCzPPy and Me-35DCz During operation of the light-emitting device, PPy-H accepts electrons or holes, respectively, and The T1 of CH2-35DCzPPy, which has received an electron and is now in the anionic state, is The T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy-H which has received a hole and become a cationic state The calculated values ​​of T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy are shown in Table 1. The measured values ​​of T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy are also shown. vinegar.

[0074] The calculation was performed in the same manner as for the T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy.

[0075] [Table 1]

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the anion state of CH2-35DC was generated by hydrogen atom transfer reaction. The T1 levels of zPPy and the cationic state Me-35DCzPPy-H are very Therefore, these values ​​can be a cause of deactivation in the light-emitting element. That is, the anion state CH2-35DCz from the excited guest material or host material The excitation energy is transferred to PPy and the cationic state Me-35DCzPPy-H. As a result, light emission from the guest material is not obtained, and the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting element decreases. do.

[0077] As described above, the compound in which the hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton is replaced with a methyl group is a light-emitting element. If the light-emitting element is operated, a substance that may cause deactivation may be generated inside the element. This may adversely affect reliability. The content of the compound in which the hydrogen atom is replaced by a methyl group is preferably low. The spin density of the methyl group in the T1 state of Me-35DCzPPy is about 3% of the total. Therefore, it is expected that substances that can cause deactivation will have an effect if they are contained in the guest material. Therefore, the content is preferably more than 0 and not more than 0.1 in terms of weight ratio to the host material. It is preferably greater than 0 and not greater than 0.05, and more preferably greater than 0 and not greater than 0. It is less than 0.025.

[0078] In this calculation, the substituent in the carbazole skeleton was a methyl group. The reaction is not limited to methyl groups. The substituents are hydrocarbon groups, at least aliphatic hydrocarbon groups. In this case, a similar reaction would occur.

[0079] In this calculation, the reaction with the nitrogen of the pyridine skeleton was calculated. The reaction is not limited to the skeleton. It is expected that a similar reaction will occur in the case of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring compounds. At least, it can be said that a similar reaction occurs in compounds that have a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic ring. That is, a compound having a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, or a triazine ring In other words, a similar reaction occurs in a compound with a lone pair of electrons. This phenomenon occurs in the case of aromatic compounds.

[0080] In addition, the hydrocarbon group substitution product is such that at least one hydrogen atom in the host material in the light-emitting layer is substituted with a hydrocarbon group. When the structure is replaced, the above reaction is said to occur.

[0081] Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layer is a substituted or unsubstituted carbazoline compound as described above. The first organic compound has a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic ring structure. A compound having an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic compound having an unshared electron pair. Alternatively, the light-emitting layer may contain not only the first organic compound but also a second organic compound. a compound, the second organic compound being a compound having a nitrogen-containing 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, Alternatively, the light-emitting device is a heteroaromatic compound having an unshared electron pair.

[0082] In addition, the radical molecule generated in this calculation receives an electron or a hole and enters the singlet ground state. However, because radicals are generally highly reactive, the If the material is exposed to excessive heat, it may react with other organic materials (host materials, guest materials, etc.) and cause deterioration. In addition, the excitation energy of the radical itself is low, and it is thought that it can easily become a quenching factor. .

[0083] In the above calculation, the quantum chemical calculation of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction between Me-35DCzPPy is performed. Similar reactions were carried out with Me-35DCz in the excited states, i.e., T1 and S1 states. PPy and the ground state (S0 state) of 35DCzPPy, and perform quantum chemical calculations. If this is done, the results will be similar to those of the above calculation. This is because the reaction occurs between the methyl group bonded to the pyridine skeleton and the nitrogen of the pyridine skeleton.

[0084] The hydrogen atom transfer reaction can also occur between two different molecules. At least one hydrogen atom of the ring structure is replaced by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. When the compound and an organic compound having a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring are present at the same time, the hydrogen atom transfer A reaction may occur.

[0085] In addition, in the above calculation, quantum chemical calculations were performed on the reaction of the methyl group bonded to the carbazole skeleton. However, the above reaction is not limited to the substituents on the carbazole skeleton. Similar reactions are expected to occur when the backbone contains hydrocarbon groups as substituents.

[0086] In addition, the quantum chemical calculations of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction were performed in the above calculations. The spins are spread over the methyl groups in the T1 state of 5DCzPPy. Reactions other than the hydrogen atom transfer reaction starting from the ethyl group may also occur. As in the hydrogen atom transfer reaction, Me-35DCzPPy is converted into a radical molecule, and the radical Carbazole molecules can cause quenching and lead to deterioration of the element. The content of compounds in which hydrogen atoms in the nuclei are replaced by methyl groups is preferably low. The content is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 by weight relative to the material, and more preferably is greater than 0 and less than 0.05, and more preferably greater than 0 and less than 0.025. do.

[0087] <Material> Next, components of the light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0088] <Light-emitting layer> The light-emitting layer 130 includes at least a host material 131 and a guest material 132. The host material 131 is preferably an organic compound 131_1 and an organic compound 131_2. In the light-emitting layer 130, the host material 131 is present in the largest amount by weight. The guest material 132 is dispersed in the host material 131. The guest material 132 becomes fluorescent. In the case of the compound, the host material 131 of the light-emitting layer 130 (organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 1 The S1 level of the guest material (guest material 132) in the light-emitting layer 130 is higher than the S1 level of the guest material (guest material 132) in the light-emitting layer 130. In addition, when the guest material 132 is a phosphorescent compound, the light-emitting layer 130 The T1 level of the host material 131 (organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 131_2) is It is preferable that the T1 level is higher than the T1 level of the guest material of the light-emitting layer 130 (guest material 132).

[0089] The host material 131 is preferably a compound having a carbazole skeleton. Specific examples of the bazoline derivatives include 3-[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)- N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA1), 3,6- Bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbamoyl Rubazol (abbreviation: PCzDPA2), 3,6-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl N-(1-naphthyl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzTP N2), 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]- 9-Phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N-(9-phenyl [N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation :PCzPCA2), 3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazole- 3-yl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), N,N-di Phenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazo CzAlPA), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: DPhPA), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4' -(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA), N, 9-Diphenyl-N-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-ca PCAPA, N,9-diphenyl-N-{4-[4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]phenyl}-9H-carbazole-3- Amine (abbreviation: PCAPBA), N,9-diphenyl-N-(9,10-diphenyl-2 -Anthryl)-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), 9-phenyl 3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole ( Abbreviation: PCzPA), 3,6-diphenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracene [phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: DPCzPA), etc. can be used.

[0090] When the host material 131 includes an organic compound 131_1 and an organic compound 131_2, The organic compound 131_1 is a compound having a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic ring. Specific examples of the nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton include Pyridine skeleton, diazine skeleton (pyrazine skeleton, pyrimidine skeleton, and pyridazine skeleton), and compounds having a triazine skeleton. Examples of compounds having an aromatic skeleton include pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidinone derivatives, and pyrimidinone derivatives. azine derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, Compounds such as phenanthroline derivatives and purine derivatives are also included. Organic Compound 13 As the material 1_1, a material having a higher electron transporting property than a hole transporting property (electron transporting material) can be used. Can be done, 1×10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has an electron mobility of .beta. / Vs or more. These materials are the host material 131, that is, the host material of the light-emitting layer is composed of one kind. It can also be suitably used in such cases.

[0091] Specifically, for example, 2-[3-(3,9'-bi-9H-carbazol-9-yl)fluoren-2-yl] phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzCzPDBq), 4,6-Bi 4,6mCz Heterocyclic compounds with diazine skeletons such as 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl (9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl]phenyl}-4 ,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn) Heterocyclic compounds with a carbazole skeleton and 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) Heterocyclization of pyridine skeleton such as phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy) Among the above-mentioned heterocyclic compounds, triazine skeletons, diazine skeletons, etc. Heterocyclic compounds having a pyrimidine, pyrazine, or pyridazine skeleton or a pyridine skeleton is preferred because it is stable and has good reliability. It has high transportability and also contributes to reducing the driving voltage.

[0092] In addition to the above-mentioned heteroaromatic ring compounds, the organic compound 131_1 may be the following: Heteroaromatic ring compounds can also be used.

[0093] Bathophenanthroline (abbreviated as BPhen), bathocuproine (abbreviated as BCP), etc. Heterocyclic compounds with pyridine skeletons and 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl] phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[ 3'-(Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]ky Noxalin (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(9H-carbazole -9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCz BPDBq), 2-[4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl nyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7-[3- (Dibenzothiophene-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II) and 6-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl nyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), 4,6- Bis[3-(phenanthren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP 2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothienyl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 1,3,5-tri[3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl] Examples of such heterocyclic compounds include those having a diazine skeleton such as benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB). In addition, poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexyl Fluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF- Py), poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2' -bipyridine-6,6'-diyl) (abbreviation: PF-BPy) The substances mentioned here are mainly 1×10 -6 cm 2 Electron transfer above / Vs In addition, as long as the material has a higher electron transporting property than the hole transporting property, the material other than the above can be used. Substances may also be used.

[0094] The organic compound 131_2 has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton or a tertiary amine skeleton. Compounds having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton can be used. , pyrrole skeleton or aromatic amine skeleton. Specific examples include indole derivatives, Carbazole derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, etc. Examples of the heterocyclic skeleton include an imidazole skeleton, a triazole skeleton, and a tetrazole skeleton. In addition, the organic compound 131_2 is a material having a higher hole transporting property than an electron transporting property (a material having a higher hole transporting property than an electron transporting property). hole transport material), and 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or higher hole mobility The hole transporting material may be a polymer compound. In addition, among the above-mentioned compounds having a carbazole skeleton, 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more positive Materials that have pore mobility may also be suitably used.

[0095] As the material having high hole transport properties, specifically, aromatic amine compounds include N, N'-Di(p-tolyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DT DPPA), 4,4'-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenyla N,N'-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl) {N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4' -diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5-tris[N-(4-diphenylamino [phenyl]-N-phenylamino]benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), etc. .

[0096] In addition, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK) and poly(4-vinyltriphenylphosphine) nylamine) (abbreviation: PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenyl Amino)phenyl]phenyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylamide]( abbreviation: PTPDMA), poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis Polymer compounds such as Poly(phenyl)benzidine (abbreviation: Poly-TPD) can also be used. can.

[0097] Furthermore, examples of materials with high hole transport properties include 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthalene) N,N'-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD) Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4, 4'-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4',4''-tris(carbazol-9-yl) ) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(1-naphthalene 1'-TNATA, 4,4 ',4''-Tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDAT A) 4,4',4''-tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino] Triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA), 4,4'-bis[N-(spiro-9,9' -bifluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4 -Phenyl-4'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylphosphine mBPAFLP, N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2 -yl)-N-{9,9-dimethyl-2-[N'-phenyl-N'-(9,9-dimethyl -9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino]-9H-fluoren-7-yl}phenylamino DFLADFL, N-(9,9-dimethyl-2-diphenylamino-9H- Fluoren-7-yl)diphenylamine (abbreviation: DPNF), 2-[N-(4-diphenyl N-phenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPASF), 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(9- Phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1B) P), 4-(1-naphthyl)-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4'-di(1-naphthyl)-4''- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBN BB), 4-phenyldiphenyl-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)a 1BP, N,N'-bis(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N,N'-diphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine (abbreviation: PCA2B), N,N', N''-Triphenyl-N,N',N''-tris(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl) N-(4-biphenyl)benzene-1,3,5-triamine (abbreviation: PCA3B) -N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazone PCBiF, N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-di Methyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), 9,9-dimethyl-N -phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl] PCBAF, N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl -9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene-2-a PCBASF, 2-[N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N -phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: PCASF), 2,7-bi s[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-spiro-9,9' -Bifluorene (abbreviation: DPA2SF), N-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) Phenyl]-N-(4-phenyl)phenylaniline (abbreviation: YGA1BP), N,N' -Bis[4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9- Aromatic amine compounds such as dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2F) Also, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl can be used. PCPN, 3-[4-(9-phenanthryl)-phenyl nyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPPn), 3,3'-bis(9 -phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolidine) mCP, 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenyl Phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl) -9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PhCzGI), 2,8-di(9H-carbazole) amine compounds such as Cz2DBT, Among the above-mentioned compounds, a pyrrole skeleton, a carbazole compound, etc. can be used. Compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton are preferred because they are stable and have good reliability. Compounds having this property have high hole transporting properties and also contribute to reducing the driving voltage.

[0098] The organic compound 131_2 may have an imidazole skeleton, a triazole skeleton, or a tetraazole skeleton. Compounds having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton such as a trazole skeleton can be used. For example, 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butyl phenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 9-[4-(4,5-diphenyl Nyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole ( Abbreviation: CzTAZ1), 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris( 1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole) (abbreviation: TPBI), 2-[3-(dibenzo Thiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole (abbreviation: mDBTBIm-II) can be used.

[0099] In the light-emitting layer 130, the guest material 132 is not particularly limited, but may be a fluorescent material. The compounds include anthracene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, perylene derivatives, stilbene derivatives, acridone derivatives, chlo Marine derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, phenothiazine derivatives, etc. are preferred. For example, The following materials can be used:

[0100] Specifically, 5,6-bis[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-2 ,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-bis[4'-(10-phenyl -9-anthryl)biphenyl-4-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2 BPy), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoro 1,6-Pyrene-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FLPAPrn) , N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis[3-(9-phenyl-9H -fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6mMem FLPAPrn), N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl )phenyl]-N,N'-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-pyrene-1,6-di Amine (abbreviation: 1,6tBu-FLPAPrn), N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl -9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-3,8-dicyclo Hexylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: ch-1,6FLPAPrn), N,N'- Bis[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenylstyrene Ben-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl )-4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA ), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4'-(9,10-diphenyl-2-an tolyl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4 -(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazol-3-amine ( Abbreviation: PCAPA), Perylene, 2,5,8,11-tetra(tert-butyl)perylene TBP, 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)-4'-(9-phenyl -9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPA), N,N ''-(2-tert-butylanthracene-9,10-diyldi-4,1-phenylene ) Bis[N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] (abbreviation: DPA BPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl phenyl]-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPPA), N-[4-( 9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl- 1,4-Phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPPA), N,N,N',N',N'', N'',N''',N'''-Octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,1 0,15-Tetraamine (abbreviation: DBC1), Coumarin 30, N-(9,10-diphenyl (2-anthryl)-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-an Tolyl]-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCABP hA), N-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,N',N'-triphenyl N-[9,10-bis(1, 1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1 ,4-Phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPABPhA), 9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl) Phenyl-2-yl)-N-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N- Phenylanthracene-2-amine (abbreviation: 2YGABPhA), N,N,9-triphenyl Nyl anthracene-9-amine (abbreviation: DPhAPhA), Coumarin 6, Coumarin 545 T, N,N'-diphenylquinacridone (abbreviation: DPQd), rubrene, 2,8-di-t ert-Butyl-5,11-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6,12-diphenyl Nyltetracene (abbreviation: TBRb), Nile Red, 5,12-bis(1,1'-biphenyl) 2-(2-(2-yl)-6,11-diphenyltetracene (abbreviation: BPT), -[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-yl 2-(2-methyl-6-[(2-(2, 3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl N,N,-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM2) N',N'-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,11-diamine (abbreviation :p-mPhTD), 7,14-diphenyl-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl) acenaphtho[1,2-a]fluoranthene-3,10-diamine (abbreviation: p-mPhAFD), 2-{2-isopropyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl Chil-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-9-yl DCJTI ), 2-{2-tert-butyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3 ,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl ]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTB), 2-(2 ,6-Bis{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-4H-pyran-4- 2-{2,6-bis[2-(8-phenylenediphenyl)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCM), -Methoxy-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5 H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene Propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCJTM), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl Rubisbenzo[5,6]indeno[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]perylene Examples include, etc.

[0101] As shown in Table 1, the hydrocarbon group substitution product of the first organic compound has a T1 level of Therefore, the guest material is required to convert triplet excitation energy into luminescence. In the case of a material having a function of being able to emit triplet excited energy, one embodiment of the present invention is more effective. Materials that have the ability to convert energy into light emission include phosphorescent materials and thermally activated slow-release materials. Thermally activated delayed fluoresc These are explained below. When the T1 level of the guest material is high, specifically, the emission peak exhibited by these guest materials In the case where the wavelength is 450 nm or more and 530 nm or less, one embodiment of the present invention is particularly effective.

[0102] The guest material 132 (phosphorescent compound) is an iridium, rhodium, or platinum-based Organometallic complexes or metal complexes are included, among which organic iridium complexes, e.g. iridium The orthometalated ligand is preferably a 4H-triazolium complex. 1H-triazole ligands, 1H-triazole ligands, imidazole ligands, pyridine ligands, pyrimidine ligands Examples of the ligands include quinolinone, pyrazine, and isoquinoline. Examples of the platinum complex include a platinum complex having a porphyrin ligand.

[0103] Examples of substances having a blue or green emission peak include tris{2-[5-(2 -methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazo {3-yl-κN2]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpp tz-dmp)3), tris(5-methyl-3,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-tris( riazolate)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(Mptz)3), tris[4-(3- Biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]i Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPrptz-3b)3), tris[3-(5-biphenyl] (phenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]irid Ir(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPr5btz)3), a 4H-triazole skeleton and organometallic iridium complexes having tris[3-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl) -5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir (Mptz1-mp)3), tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H- 1,2,4-Triazolate)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(Prptz1-Me) 3) and fac-triazole-based organometallic iridium complexes. S[1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole] Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPrpmi)3), tris[3-(2,6-dimethyl phenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridinato]iridium(I II) Imidazole skeleton-containing compounds such as Ir(dmpimpt-Me)3 Organic metal iridium complexes and bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato N,C 2’ ]Iridium(III) tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (abbreviation: FI r6), Bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2’ ]Ili Dium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: FIrpic), bis{2-[3',5'-bis (Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridinato-N,C 2’}Iridium(III) pico Ir(CF3ppy)2(pic) (fluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2’ ]Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: FIr(acac)) Among the above, 4H-triazole is an organometallic iridium complex. A nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton such as a 1H-triazole skeleton or an imidazole skeleton. The organometallic iridium complexes have high triplet excitation energy and are highly reliable and efficient. It is particularly preferred because it has excellent

[0104] In addition, examples of substances having a green or yellow emission peak include tris(4-methylphenyl) Ir(mppm)3, Tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: I r(tBuppm)3), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-methyl-4-phenylpyridine Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppm)2(acac)), (acetylacetonate ruacetonato)bis(6-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium( III) (abbreviation: Ir(tBuppm)2(acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis [4-(2-norbornyl)-6-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation Ir(nbppm)2(acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis[5-methyl-6 -(2-methylphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpmppm)2(acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis{4,6-dimethyl 2-[6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-pyrimidinyl-κN3]phenyl- {κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(dmppm-dmp)2(acac)), ( Acetylacetonato)bis(4,6-diphenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III)( Abbreviation: Ir(dppm)2(acac) (acetylacetonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazine) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppr-Me)2(acac)), (acetylacetonate arylacetonato)bis(5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyrazinate)irid Pyrazine skeleton such as Ir(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppr-iPr)2(acac)) Organometallic iridium complexes and tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(ppy)3), bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N ,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(ppy)2(ac ac)), bis(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(bzq)2(acac)), tris(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium Ir(III) (abbreviation: Ir(bzq)3), tris(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C 2 ’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(pq)3), bis(2-phenylquinolinato- N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(pq)2(ac Organometallic iridium complexes with pyridine skeletons such as bis(2,4-difluorophenyl) and Venyl-1,3-oxazolato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetoner Ir(dpo)2(acac)), bis{2-[4'-(perfluorophenyl (phenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2’}Iridium(III) acetylacetonate ( Abbreviation: Ir(p-PF-ph)2(acac)), bis(2-phenylbenzothiazol -N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(bt)2(a In addition to organometallic iridium complexes such as tris(acetylacetonato)(monophenyl) Anthroline) terbium(III) (abbreviation: Tb(acac)3(Phen)) Among the above, the organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrimidine skeleton are Dium complexes are particularly preferred because they are remarkably excellent in reliability and luminous efficiency.

[0105] Examples of substances having a yellow or red emission peak include diisobutyryl Methanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato]iridium(II I) (abbreviation: Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)), bis[4,6-bis(3-methyl Phenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir (5mdppm)2(dpm)), bis[4,6-di(naphthalene-1-yl)pyrimidinyl] Nato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(d1npm)2( Organometallic iridium complexes with pyrimidine skeletons such as (acetylacetamide) Iridium(III) r(tppr)2(acac)), bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazine)(dipyridine) Valoylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(tppr)2(dpm)), ( Acetylacetonato)bis[2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)quinoxalinato]i Ir(Fdpq)2(acac) and other pyrazine-based compounds Organometallic iridium complexes and tris(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(piq)3), bis(1-phenylisoquinolinato -N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(piq)2( In addition to organometallic iridium complexes with pyridine skeletons such as acac), 2,3,7, 8,12,13,17,18-Octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) ) (abbreviation: PtOEP) and tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanediol). (Eu(DB))(monophenanthroline)europium(III) M) 3(Phen)), tris[1-(2-thenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetate [Tonato](monophenanthroline)europium(III) (abbreviation: Eu(TTA)3( Among the above, rare earth metal complexes such as pyrimidine skeletons are Organometallic iridium complexes having the above structure are particularly preferred because they are extremely reliable and have excellent luminous efficiency. In addition, organometallic iridium complexes with pyrazine skeletons can emit red light with good chromaticity. can be done.

[0106] The light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer 130 is a material capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission. As a material capable of converting the triplet excitation energy into light emission, a phosphorescent material is preferable. In addition to phosphorescent compounds, TADF materials can also be used. Regarding the above, it may be read as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. The difference between the triplet and singlet excited energy levels is small, and the intersystem A material that converts energy from a triplet excited state to a singlet excited state by crossover. Therefore, the triplet excited state can be converted to the singlet excited state by a small amount of thermal energy. Upconversion (reverse intersystem crossing) is possible, and light emission (fluorescence) from the singlet excited state is efficiently In addition, the conditions for efficiently obtaining thermally activated delayed fluorescence are triplet The energy difference between the first excited energy level and the singlet excited energy level is preferably less than 0 eV. More preferably, it is greater than 0 eV and less than 0.2 eV, and even more preferably, it is greater than 0 eV and less than 0.1 eV. Examples include:

[0107] When the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is composed of one kind of material, for example, the following material is used: It is possible.

[0108] First, fullerene and its derivatives, acridine derivatives such as proflavine, and eosin are listed. In addition, magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (S n), platinum (Pt), indium (In), or palladium (Pd) Examples of the metal-containing porphyrin include protoporphyrin. Porphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Proto IX)), mesoporphyrin-fluoride Tin complex (SnF2(Meso IX)), hematoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (Sn F2 (Hemato IX)), coproporphyrin tetramethyl ester-tin fluoride Complex (SnF2(Copro III-4Me)), Octaethylporphyrin-fluoride Tin complex (SnF2(OEP)), etioporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(E tio I)), octaethylporphyrin-platinum chloride complex (PtCl2OEP), etc. Can be obtained.

[0109] In addition, as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material composed of one kind of material, π-electron-rich heteroaromatic Heterocyclic compounds having an aromatic ring and a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring can also be used. is 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4,6-bis(12-phenylindolo[2,3- a]carbazol-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PIC-TRZ), 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol PC CzPTzn), 2-[4-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)phenyl]-4, 6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PXZ-TRZ), 3-[4-(5- Phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazin-10-yl)phenyl]-4,5-diphenyl PPZ-3TPT, 3-(9,9-dimethyl- 9H-Acridine-10-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (Abbreviation: ACRXTN) , bis[4-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)phenyl]sulfone (abbreviation: DMAC-DPS), 10-phenyl-10H,10'H-spiro[acridine -9,9'-anthracene]-10'-one (abbreviation: ACRSA), etc. Since the heterocyclic compound has a π-electron rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring, Among them, a skeleton having a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring is preferable because it has high transport properties and hole transport properties. Among them, diazine skeleton (pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, pyridazine skeleton) or triazine skeleton The azine skeleton is preferred because it is stable and reliable. Among the skeletons that have this structure, the acridine skeleton, the phenoxazine skeleton, the thiophene skeleton, and the furan skeleton are Since the pyrrole skeleton and the pyrrole skeleton are stable and reliable, any one of these skeletons can be used. It is preferable that the pyrrole skeleton has one or more of the following: skeleton, carbazole skeleton, and 3-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)- In addition, a π-electron rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring are particularly preferable. The substance in which the heteroaromatic ring is directly bonded to the π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring exhibits the donor property of the π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring. The acceptor properties of the heteroaromatic rings are both strong, and the energy levels of the singlet excited state and triplet excited state are This is particularly preferred since the difference between the energy level of the excited state and the energy level of the excited state is small.

[0110] In addition, the light-emitting layer 130 contains materials other than the host material 131 and the guest material 132. It's fine to do so.

[0111] The material that can be used for the light-emitting layer 130 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include anthracene, Helicene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, dibenzo[g, p]chrysene derivatives and other condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds. Phenylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 6,12-dimethoxy-5,11-diphenyl Nilcrysene, 9,10-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: D PPA), 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 2-tert -Butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 9, 9'-Bianthryl (abbreviation: BANT), 9,9'-(stilbene-3,3'-diyl) Diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS), 9,9'-(stilbene-4,4'-diyl)di Phenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS2), 1,3,5-tri(1-pyrenyl)benzene (abbreviation Among these and other known substances, the above A singlet or triplet excited energy level higher than the excited energy level of the guest material 132 One or more substances having an excitation energy level may be selected and used.

[0112] In addition, a compound having a heteroaromatic skeleton, such as an oxadiazole derivative, may be used as the light-emitting layer 1. 30. Specifically, for example, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4 -tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD) and ,3-Bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole- 2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 9-[4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-o 4,5-Diphenyl-2-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CO11), 4'-Bis(5-methylbenzoxazol-2-yl)stilbene (abbreviation: BzOs) and the like heterocyclic compounds.

[0113] In addition, metal complexes having heterocycles (e.g., zinc and aluminum-based metal complexes) emit light. For example, quinoline ligands, benzoquinoline ligands, oxo Examples of such metal complexes include those having a thazole ligand or a thiazole ligand. For example, tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Alq), tris Bis(4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Almq3), BeBq2 ), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminum ( III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation: Znq) Metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton, such as: In addition, bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnP BO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnB Metal complexes with oxazole or thiazole ligands such as TZ are also used. It is possible.

[0114] The light-emitting layer 130 may be formed of two or more layers. When the light-emitting layer 130 is formed by laminating the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer in this order from the hole transport layer side, A substance having a hole transporting property is used as a host material for the first light-emitting layer, and a substance having a hole transporting property is used as a host material for the second light-emitting layer. In addition, a structure in which a substance having an electron transporting property is used as the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer is also available. The light-emitting materials in the light-emitting layer and the light-emitting layer may be the same or different materials, and the light-emitting layers may emit the same color light. Even if the material has a function of emitting light, it may have a function of emitting light of different colors. The two light-emitting layers may each contain light-emitting materials that emit light of different colors. By using each of these layers, multiple lights can be obtained simultaneously. It is preferable to select a light-emitting material for each light-emitting layer so that the light emitted from the light-emitting layer becomes white.

[0115] The light-emitting layer 130 can be formed by a deposition method (including a vacuum deposition method), an ink-jet method, a coating method, a grating method, or the like. It can be formed by a method such as rabia printing. In addition to the above-mentioned materials, quantum dots, etc. Even if the inorganic compound or polymer compound (oligomer, dendrimer, polymer, etc.) good.

[0116] <Hole injection layer> The hole injection layer 111 is configured to inject holes from one of the pair of electrodes (electrode 101 or electrode 102). It has the function of promoting hole injection by reducing the injection barrier. It is formed by phthalocyanine derivatives or aromatic amines. Transition metal oxides and Examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, and tungsten oxide. , manganese oxide, etc. Phthalocyanine derivatives include phthalocyanine, Examples of aromatic amines include benzidine derivatives and phenyl Diamine derivatives, etc. Polymer compounds such as polythiophene and polyaniline It is also possible to use self-doped polythiophenes, such as poly(ethylenediamine). Representative examples include poly(oxythiophene) / poly(styrenesulfonic acid).

[0117] The hole injection layer 111 is made of a compound of a hole transporting material and a material that has an electron accepting property. Alternatively, a layer containing a material exhibiting electron accepting properties and a layer containing a positive electrode may be used. A stack of layers containing hole transporting materials may also be used. It is possible to give and receive electric charges in the presence of a magnetic field. Materials that exhibit electron-accepting properties include quinodimethane. Organic acceptors such as aryl, chloranil, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives Specifically, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6- Tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F4-TCNQ), chloranil, 2,3,6,7, 10,11-Hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (abbreviation These are compounds that have electron-withdrawing groups (halogen groups or cyano groups) such as aryloxycarbonyl (HAT-CN). In addition, transition metal oxides, for example oxides of metals in Groups 4 to 8, can be used. In particular, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and oxide These include tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide. Among these, molybdenum oxide is Among these, it is preferred because it is stable, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle.

[0118] As the hole transporting material, a material having a higher hole transporting property than an electron transporting property can be used. ×10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has a hole mobility of 1 / Vs or more. The aromatic amines and carbenes mentioned as examples of hole transport materials that can be used in the light-emitting layer 130 are Bazole derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, stilbene derivatives, etc. can also be used. The hole transporting material may be a polymer compound.

[0119] Other examples of hole transport materials include aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 2-tert -Butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 2- tert-Butyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,10-bis(3, 5-Diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 2-tert-butyl-9 ,10-Bis(4-phenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDBA), 9,1 0-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 9,10-diphenylanthracene 2-tert-butylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 2-tert-butylanthracene (abbreviation: t-BuAn th), 9,10-bis(4-methyl-1-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DMNA) , 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene 9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene, 2,3,6,7- Tetramethyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,9'-bianthryl, 10,1 0'-Diphenyl-9,9'-bianthryl, 10,10'-bis(2-phenylphenyl) 10,10'-bis[(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) phenyl)phenyl]-9,9'-bianthryl, anthracene, tetracene, rubrene, perylene, 2,5,8,11-tetra(tert-butyl)perylene, etc. In addition, pentacene, coronene, etc. can also be used. -6 cm 2 / Vs or more, and an aromatic hydrocarbon having 14 to 42 carbon atoms. It is more preferable to use

[0120] The aromatic hydrocarbon may have a vinyl skeleton. Examples of aromatic hydrocarbons include 4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl. (abbreviation: DPVBi), 9,10-bis[4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl] anthracene (abbreviation: DPVPA), etc.

[0121] Also, 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]fluor phenyl}dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II), 4,4',4''-(phenyl) (1,3,5-phenyl-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II), 1,3,5-Tri(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)benzene (abbreviation: DBT3P-II ), 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)fluor 4-[4-(9-phenyl)dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), [6-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl]phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation :DBTFLP-IV), 4-[3-(triphenylen-2-yl)phenyl]dibenzo Thiophene compounds such as thiophene (abbreviation: mDBTPTp-II), furan compounds, An orene compound, a triphenylene compound, a phenanthrene compound, etc. can be used. Among the above-mentioned compounds, pyrrole skeleton, furan skeleton, thiophene skeleton, aromatic amine skeleton, Compounds having this structure are stable and reliable, and are therefore preferred. The material has a high hole transporting property and contributes to reducing the driving voltage.

[0122] <Hole transport layer> The hole transport layer 112 is a layer containing a hole transporting material. The hole transporting layer 112 is connected to the hole injection layer 111. The HOM of the hole injection layer 111 has a function of transporting the injected holes to the light emitting layer 130. O(Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) It is preferable for the HOMO level to be the same as or close to the HOMO level (also called occupied orbital level).

[0123] Also, 1×10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has a hole mobility of at least 1 / Vs. However, other substances may be used as long as they have a higher hole transporting property than an electron transporting property. The layer containing a substance having a high hole transporting property may be a single layer or a double layer of the above substance. More than one layer may be laminated.

[0124] ≪Electron transport layer≫ The electron transport layer 118 is connected to the other of the pair of electrodes (electrode 101 or The material has a function of transporting electrons injected from the electrode 102 to the light-emitting layer 130. A material with a higher electron transport capacity than holes can be used as the -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has an electron mobility of 100 / Vs or more. As materials with electron transport properties, π-electron-deficient compounds such as nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds are Heteroaromatics and metal complexes can be used. Specifically, the light-emitting layer 130 can be The pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, and pyrimidine derivatives mentioned above as electron transport materials that can Derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, phenazine derivatives Intralin derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, oxadiazole Derivatives and the like. Also, 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or higher electron mobility In addition, any other material having a higher electron transporting property than a hole transporting property may be used. The electron transport layer 118 may be formed not only as a single layer but also as a In addition, two or more layers made of the above-mentioned materials may be laminated.

[0125] Also included are metal complexes having heterocycles, such as quinoline ligands and benzoquinoline ligands. Metal complexes having oxazole, thiazole or thiol ligands are also included. Specifically, for example, tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: A lq), tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Al mq3), bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviation :BeBq2), Bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)a Aluminum(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation: Metal complexes having a quinoline or benzoquinoline skeleton, such as Znq In addition, bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) ( Abbreviation: ZnPBO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II)( Metal complexes with oxazole or thiazole ligands such as ZnBTZ Also, the following can be used.

[0126] In addition, a layer for controlling the movement of electron carriers is provided between the electron transport layer 118 and the light emitting layer 130. This is a material having a high electron transporting property and a material having a high electron trapping property. A layer in which a small amount of Zn is added, which suppresses the movement of electron carriers, thereby reducing carrier dispersion. This structure allows the electron transport property of the electron transport material to be adjusted. Problems that occur when the hole transporting property of the hole transporting material is significantly higher than that of the hole transporting material (e.g., shortening of device life). It is highly effective in suppressing

[0127] ≪Electron injection layer≫ The electron injection layer 119 promotes electron injection by reducing the electron injection barrier from the electrode 102. For example, Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, or their oxides and halides In addition, the above-mentioned electron transporting material and the corresponding electron A composite material of a material exhibiting electron donating properties can also be used. Examples of the metal include Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, and oxides thereof. Lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and cesium fluoride (CsF ), calcium fluoride (CaF2), lithium oxide (LiO x ) and other alkaline gold Metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used. A rare earth metal compound such as fluorine (ErF3) can be used. An electride may be used for 119. The electride may be, for example, calcium. Examples include a material in which electrons are highly concentrated in a mixed oxide of aluminum and ruthenium. The injection layer 119 may be made of a material that can be used in the electron transport layer 118 .

[0128] In addition, the electron injection layer 119 is made of a composite material obtained by mixing an organic compound and an electron donor. Such composite materials may be made by adding electrons to an organic compound via an electron donor. In this case, the organic compound is: It is preferable that the material has excellent transport properties for the generated electrons. Specifically, for example, the above-mentioned The substance constituting the electron transport layer 118 (metal complex, heteroaromatic compound, etc.) can be used. The electron donor may be any substance that exhibits electron donating properties to organic compounds. is preferably an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth metal, and more preferably lithium, sodium, Examples include cesium, magnesium, calcium, erbium, and ytterbium. In addition, alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides are preferred, and lithium oxide, calcium oxide, etc. Examples of the oxides include ammonium oxide and barium oxide. Lewis salts such as magnesium oxide are also included. In addition, organic compounds such as tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) can be used. can also be used.

[0129] The above-mentioned light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and electron injection layer are These methods include deposition (including vacuum deposition), inkjet, coating, and gravure printing. The light-emitting layer, the hole-injecting layer, the hole-transporting layer, the electron In addition to the above-mentioned materials, the transport layer and the electron injection layer may be made of inorganic compounds such as quantum dots or high molecular weight compounds. A polymer compound (oligomer, dendrimer, polymer, etc.) may also be used.

[0130] Quantum dots Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals with sizes ranging from a few nm to a few tens of nm, with a size of 1×10 3 From pcs 1×10 6 Quantum dots are composed of about 100 atoms. The energy of quantum dots depends on their size. Therefore, even if quantum dots are made of the same material, the emission wavelengths change depending on the size. Therefore, by changing the size of the quantum dots used, light emission can be easily The wavelength can be changed.

[0131] In addition, quantum dots have a narrow emission spectrum peak width, so they can emit light with good color purity. Furthermore, the theoretical internal quantum efficiency of quantum dots is said to be nearly 100%. This is much higher than the 25% of organic compounds that emit fluorescent light, and the 15% of organic compounds that emit phosphorescent light. This means that quantum dots can be used as light-emitting materials. In addition, quantum dots, which are inorganic materials, can be used to obtain light-emitting devices with high luminous efficiency. Since the intrinsic stability is also excellent, a light-emitting device that is preferable in terms of life can be obtained. This can be done.

[0132] The materials that make up quantum dots include elements from Group 14, Group 15, Group 16, and Compounds consisting of a number of group 14 elements, and compounds consisting of elements belonging to groups 4 to 14 and group 16 elements Compounds, compounds of Group 2 elements and Group 16 elements, compounds of Group 13 elements and Group 15 elements , compounds of Group 13 and Group 17 elements, compounds of Group 14 and Group 15 elements, Compounds of group 11 and group 17 elements, iron oxides, titanium oxides, chalcogenide spinel Examples of the semiconductor clusters include:

[0133] Specifically, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and sulfur selenide Lead, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc telluride, mercury sulfide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, arsenide Indium, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium nitride, nitride Gallium, indium antimonide, gallium antimonide, aluminum phosphide, arsenide Aluminum, Aluminum antimonide, Lead selenide, Lead telluride, Lead sulfide, Lead selenide Indium, indium telluride, indium sulfide, gallium selenide, arsenic sulfide, selenium arsenic nitride, arsenic telluride, antimony sulfide, antimony selenide, antimony telluride, Bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, bismuth telluride, silicon, silicon carbide, germanium Aluminum, tin, selenium, tellurium, boron, carbon, phosphorus, boron nitride, boron phosphide, boron arsenide , aluminum nitride, aluminum sulfide, barium sulfide, barium selenide, barium telluride Lithium, Calcium Sulfide, Calcium Selenide, Calcium Telluride, Beryllium Sulfide, Beryllium selenide, Beryllium telluride, Magnesium sulfide, Magnesium selenide, Germanium sulfide, Germanium selenide, Germanium telluride, Tin sulfide, Tin selenide , tin telluride, lead oxide, copper fluoride, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide, copper oxide, copper selenide, acid Nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfide, iron oxide, iron sulfide, manganese oxide, molyb sulfide tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum oxide Aluminum, silicon nitride, germanium nitride, aluminum oxide, barium titanate, selenium and zinc Compounds of lead and cadmium, compounds of indium, arsenic and phosphorus, compounds of cadmium, selenium and sulfur Compounds of cadmium, selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium, gallium and arsenic , compounds of indium, gallium and selenium, compounds of indium, selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to, indium and sulfur compounds, and combinations thereof. In addition, even if so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose compositions are expressed in any ratio are used, For example, alloy quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can be fabricated by changing the ratio of the elements. This is an effective way to obtain blue light emission because it is possible to change the emission wavelength by It is.

[0134] Quantum dot structures include core type, core-shell type, and core-multishell type. Either of these can be used, but it is also advisable to cover the core with another inorganic material with a wider band gap. By forming a shell of material, defects and dangling bonds on the nanocrystal surface can be eliminated. This greatly improves the quantum efficiency of light emission, It is preferable to use core-shell or core-multishell quantum dots. Examples of materials include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide.

[0135] In addition, quantum dots have a high proportion of surface atoms, making them highly reactive and less prone to aggregation. Therefore, a protective agent or a protective group is attached to the surface of the quantum dots. It is preferable that the protecting agent is attached or the protecting group is provided. It is possible to prevent aggregation and increase solubility in solvents. It is also possible to reduce reactivity and electrically It is also possible to improve stability. Examples of the protecting agent (or protecting group) include poliovirus. Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as ethylene oleyl ether, tripropyl phosphatase phosphine, tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, trioctylphosphine, etc. Trialkylphosphines, polyoxyethylene n-octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene Polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers such as oxyethylene n-nonylphenyl ether amine, tri(n-hexyl)amine, tri(n-octyl)amine, tri(n-decyl)amine ) tertiary amines such as amine, tripropylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphine Oxide, trihexylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine oxide, tridecylphosphine oxide Organic phosphorus compounds such as silylphosphine oxide, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, polyethylene glycol diesters such as polyethylene glycol distearate, Organic nitrogen compounds such as pyridine, lutidine, collidine, quinolines, and other nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds , hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine aminoalkanes such as dibutylsulfide, hexadecylamine, and octadecylamine; dialkyl sulfides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and dibutyl sulfoxide; organic sulfur compounds such as alkyl sulfoxides, sulfur-containing aromatic compounds such as thiophene, palmitic acid compounds, etc. Higher fatty acids such as acetic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, alcohols, sorbitan fatty acid esters, esters, fatty acid modified polyesters, tertiary amine modified polyurethanes, polyethylene Examples of such compounds include amines.

[0136] As quantum dots become smaller, their band gaps become larger, so the desired wavelengths can be obtained. The size of the crystal is adjusted accordingly to obtain long-range light. As a result, the emission of quantum dots is shifted to the blue side, i.e., to the higher energy side. By changing the size of the filter, wavelengths in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions of the spectrum can be obtained. The emission wavelength can be tuned over a range of wavelengths. The size (diameter) of the quantum dot is Generally, the range of 0.5 nm to 20 nm, preferably 1 nm to 10 nm, is used. The narrower the size distribution of quantum dots, the narrower the emission spectrum becomes. In addition, the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited, and The shape may be a sphere, a rod, a disk, or any other shape. Since the rods have the ability to emit directional light, quantum rods can be used as light-emitting materials. This makes it possible to obtain a light emitting element having better external quantum efficiency.

[0137] In most cases, organic EL devices are made by dispersing a light-emitting material in a host material. The host material is one of the most important materials for the luminescence. The material must have a singlet or triplet excited energy level. In particular, when a blue phosphorescent material is used as the light-emitting material, triplet excitation energy of 100 or more is required. A host material that has a high level and is excellent in terms of lifetime is required, and its development is extremely difficult. Here, the quantum dots are used to form a light-emitting layer without using a host material. Therefore, from the viewpoint of life span, this light-emitting element is also favorable. When the light-emitting layer is formed only from quantum dots, the quantum dots are core- A shell structure (including a core-multishell structure) is preferred.

[0138] When quantum dots are used as the light-emitting material of the light-emitting layer, the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 3 nm to 100 nm. m, preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, and the content of quantum dots in the light-emitting layer is 1 to 1 00% by volume. However, it is preferable to form the light-emitting layer only from quantum dots. In the case where the quantum dots are dispersed in a host as a light-emitting material to form a light-emitting layer, the host material The quantum dots are dispersed in a suitable liquid medium, or the host material and the quantum dots are dissolved or mixed in a suitable liquid medium. Disperse and apply wet processes (spin coating, casting, die coating, blade coating, etc.) Coating method, roll coating method, inkjet method, printing method, spray coating method, curtain coating The phosphorescent material may be formed by a method such as the Langmuir-Blodgett method. For the light-emitting layer using the above, in addition to the wet process, a vacuum deposition method can also be suitably used. This can be done.

[0139] Examples of liquid media used in wet processes include methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexane, etc. Ketones such as xanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogens such as dichlorobenzene Hydrocarbons, aromatics such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, and cyclohexylbenzene Hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin, and dodecane, dimethylformamide, etc. Organic solvents such as dichloromethane (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be used. Cut.

[0140] The electrode 101 and the electrode 102 function as an anode or a cathode of the light-emitting element. The electrode 101 and the electrode 102 are made of a metal, an alloy, a conductive compound, or a mixture or laminate of these. It can be formed using:

[0141] One of the electrodes 101 and 102 is made of a conductive material that has a function of reflecting light. The conductive material is preferably aluminum (Al) or a composite material containing Al. Examples of alloys containing Al include Al and L (L is titanium (Ti), neodymium (Nd)). (representing one or more of Nd, Ni, and La) Examples of the alloy include an alloy containing Al and Ti, or an alloy containing Al, Ni and La. Aluminum has low resistance and high light reflectance. Since aluminum is abundant and inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of light-emitting elements using aluminum is low. In addition, silver (Ag) or Ag and N (N is yttrium ( Y), Nd, Magnesium (Mg), Ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, Gallium ( Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), Tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir ), or an alloy containing gold (Au), etc. Examples of alloys that can be used include alloys containing silver, palladium, and copper, alloys containing silver and copper, and alloys containing silver and magnesium. Alloys containing nesium, alloys containing silver and nickel, alloys containing silver and gold, and silver and ytterbium Other examples include alloys containing tungsten, chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo ), copper, titanium, and other transition metals can be used.

[0142] The light emitted from the light-emitting layer is emitted through one or both of the electrodes 101 and 102. Therefore, at least one of the electrodes 101 and 102 is transparent to light. It is preferable that the conductive material is a material having a permeability function. The visible light transmittance is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 60% or more and 100% or less, The resistivity is 1×10 -2 Examples include conductive materials with a resistance of Ω·cm or less.

[0143] In addition, the electrodes 101 and 102 have a function of transmitting light and a function of reflecting light. The conductive material may be formed of a conductive material having a visible light reflectance of 20 or more. % or more and 80% or less, preferably 40% or more and 70% or less, and the resistivity is 1×10 -2 Conductive materials with a capacitance of Ω·cm or less include conductive metals, alloys, and conductive materials. The insulating layer can be formed by using one or more of the following compounds: Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), silicon or silicon oxide Indium tin oxide (ITSO), indium oxide-zinc oxide (Indium um Zinc Oxide), titanium-containing indium tin oxide, indium Metals such as indium oxide containing titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, and zinc oxide Oxides can be used. In addition, the thickness of the oxide is preferably within a range of 1 nm to 30 nm. A metal thin film having a thickness of 1 μm or less can be used. Examples of metals include Ag, Alloys such as Ag and Al, Ag and Mg, Ag and Au, and Ag and Yb can be used.

[0144] In this specification and the like, a material having a function of transmitting light is a material having a function of transmitting visible light. Any material having the above and having electrical conductivity may be used, and examples thereof include ITO. In addition to oxide conductors, oxide semiconductors and organic conductors containing organic substances are also included. The organic conductor containing the electron donor is, for example, a mixture of an organic compound and an electron donor. Examples of such materials include composite materials made by mixing organic compounds and electron acceptors. Alternatively, an inorganic carbon-based material such as graphene may be used. The rate is preferably 1×10 5 Ω cm or less, more preferably 1×10 4 Ω cm The following is the result.

[0145] In addition, by laminating a plurality of the above materials, one or both of the electrodes 101 and 102 can be formed. may form both.

[0146] In order to improve the light extraction efficiency, the electrode is in contact with the light transmitting electrode. A material having a higher refractive index than the electrode may be used. As long as the material has the function of providing the above, it may be a material that is conductive or not. For example, in addition to the oxide conductors described above, oxide semiconductors and organic materials can be used. The organic material may be, for example, a light-emitting layer, a hole-injecting layer, a hole-transporting layer, an electron-transporting layer, or an electron The materials listed for the electron injection layer are also available. Inorganic carbon-based materials and metals that are light-transmitting are also available. A thin film may also be used, and multiple layers of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers may be laminated.

[0147] When the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 functions as a cathode, the work function is small. (3.8 eV or less) materials. For example, Elements in the group (alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, and cesium, calcium, strontium, etc.) Alkaline earth metals such as rontium, magnesium, etc.), alloys containing these elements (e.g., Rare earth metals such as Ag and Mg, Al and Li, europium (Eu), Yb, etc. An alloy containing a metal, such as an alloy containing aluminum or silver, can be used.

[0148] In addition, when the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is used as an anode, the electrode having a large work function (4. 0 eV or more) materials are preferably used.

[0149] The electrodes 101 and 102 are made of a conductive material having a function of reflecting light and a conductive material having a function of transmitting light. In this case, the electrode 101 and the electrode 102 may be laminated with a conductive material having a permeability function. 02 can resonate light of a desired wavelength from each light-emitting layer and intensify the light of the desired wavelength. This is preferable because it has a function of adjusting the optical path length so that the optical path length can be adjusted.

[0150] The electrode 101 and the electrode 102 are formed by a method such as sputtering, vapor deposition, printing, or coating. , MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) method, CVD method, pulse laser The deposition method, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method, etc. are used appropriately. It is possible.

[0151] <Substrate> In addition, the light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention is provided on a substrate made of glass, plastic, or the like. Regarding the order of fabrication on the substrate, the layers may be stacked in order from the electrode 101 side. They may be laminated in order from the pole 102 side.

[0152] The substrate on which the light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention can be formed is, for example, glass or quartz. A flexible substrate may be used. The substrate is a flexible substrate, such as polycarbonate. Examples of suitable substrates include plastic substrates made of polyacrylates and polyarylates. Inorganic deposition films and the like can also be used. Any other material may be used as long as it functions as a support in the development. Anything that has the function of protecting the optical elements and the light elements may be used.

[0153] For example, in the present invention, a light emitting element can be formed using various substrates. The type of the substrate is not particularly limited. An example of the substrate is a semiconductor substrate (e.g., a single crystal substrate or silicon substrate), SOI substrate, glass substrate, quartz substrate, plastic substrate, metal Substrate, stainless steel substrate, substrate with stainless steel foil, tungsten substrate, substrate with tungsten foil, flexible substrate, laminated film, fibrous Examples of glass substrates include barium phosphide-based paper or base films. Examples include borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, and soda-lime glass. Examples of the functional substrate, laminate film, base film, etc. are as follows. For example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), Representative examples include polyethersulfone (PES) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). For example, plastics such as acrylic resins are used. Examples include polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride. Examples include polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy, and inorganic. Examples include machine-deposited films and papers.

[0154] In addition, a flexible substrate may be used as the substrate, and the light emitting element may be formed directly on the flexible substrate. Alternatively, a release layer may be provided between the substrate and the light-emitting element. After a part or all of a chip is completed, it is separated from the board and used to transfer it to another board. In this case, the light-emitting element can be transferred onto a substrate having poor heat resistance or a flexible substrate. The above-mentioned peeling layer has a laminated structure of inorganic films, for example, a tungsten film and a silicon oxide film. or a structure in which a resin film such as polyimide is formed on a substrate.

[0155] That is, a light emitting element is formed using a certain substrate, and then the light emitting element is transferred to another substrate. The light emitting element may be disposed on another substrate. In addition to the above mentioned substrates, cellophane substrates, stone substrates, wood substrates, fabric substrates (natural fibers (silk, cotton, Hemp), synthetic fibers (nylon, polyurethane, polyester) or regenerated fibers (acetate (including cellulose, cupra, rayon, recycled polyester, etc.), leather substrate, rubber substrate, etc. By using these substrates, light-emitting elements that are not easily broken and have high heat resistance can be produced. The light emitting element may be a small light emitting element, a light emitting element that is lighter in weight, or a light emitting element that is thinner.

[0156] Also, for example, a field effect transistor (FET) is formed on the above-mentioned substrate, and the FET and The light emitting element 150 may be fabricated on the electrically connected electrodes. In this way, an active matrix display device that controls the driving of the light emitting element 150 can be manufactured.

[0157] The structure shown in this embodiment mode can be used in appropriate combination with other embodiment modes. Cut.

[0158] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment mode, a light-emitting element having a different structure from that of the light-emitting element shown in Embodiment 1 is used. The light emitting mechanism of the light emitting element will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4(A) to 4(C). In addition, in FIG. 4(A) to FIG. 4(C), the same functions as those shown in FIG. In places having the same hatch pattern, the reference numerals may be omitted. Parts having the above functions are denoted by the same reference symbols, and detailed descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[0159] <Configuration example 1 of light-emitting element> FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light emitting element 252. FIG.

[0160] The light-emitting element 252 shown in FIG. 4A has a pair of electrodes (electrodes 101 and 102) between which , a plurality of light-emitting units (in FIG. 4A, light-emitting unit 106 and light-emitting unit 1 10). At least one light-emitting unit has a structure similar to that of the EL layer 100. The light-emitting units 106 and 110 may have the same or different configurations. .

[0161] In addition, in the light-emitting element 252 shown in FIG. 4A, the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit The light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 are laminated, and a charge generating layer is formed between the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110. For example, the light-emitting unit 106 may have a structure similar to that of the EL layer 100. It is preferable to use.

[0162] The light emitting element 252 includes a light emitting layer 140 and a light emitting layer 170. In addition to the light-emitting layer 170, the knit 106 includes a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport The light-emitting unit 110 also includes an emissive layer 140. In addition to the above, a hole injection layer 116, a hole transport layer 117, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 11 Has 9.

[0163] The charge generating layer 115 is formed by adding an acceptor material, which is an electron acceptor, to a hole transporting material. Even if the structure is such that the electron transport material is a material having a donor property, the structure may be such that the donor property is added to the electron transport material. In addition, both of these configurations may be laminated.

[0164] When the charge generating layer 115 contains a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance, As the composite material, the composite material which can be used for the hole-injection layer 111 shown in Embodiment 1 is used. The organic compounds include aromatic amine compounds, carbazole compounds, aromatic carbon compounds, etc. Various compounds such as hydrogen and polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) are used. As an organic compound, a hole mobility of 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs However, it is preferable to use a material having a higher hole transporting property than an electron transporting property. Other materials may be used as long as they are compatible with the organic compound and the acceptor material. The material has excellent carrier injection and transport properties, enabling low-voltage and low-current operation. In addition, the anode side surface of the light-emitting unit is in contact with the charge generating layer 115. In this case, the charge generating layer 115 also serves as a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer for the light emitting unit. Therefore, the light-emitting unit does not need to have a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. Alternatively, when the cathode side surface of the light-emitting unit is in contact with the charge generating layer 115, The charge generating layer 115 also serves as an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer for the light emitting unit. Therefore, the light-emitting unit does not have an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer. is also good.

[0165] The charge generating layer 115 may be a layer including a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance. For example, the organic EL element may be formed as a laminated structure in which layers made of the organic material are combined. A layer including a composite material of a compound and an acceptor material, and a layer including a compound selected from an electron donor material. The compound may be combined with a compound having a high electron transporting property to form a layer. A layer including a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance and a layer including a transparent conductive film are combined. It may be formed by combining the above.

[0166] The charge generating layer 115 sandwiched between the light emitting unit 106 and the light emitting unit 108 is When a voltage is applied between the electrode 101 and the electrode 102, electrons are injected into one of the light-emitting units, It is sufficient if the hole is injected into the other light-emitting unit. For example, in FIG. When a voltage is applied so that the potential of electrode 101 is higher than the potential of electrode 102, The charge generating layer 115 injects electrons into the light-emitting unit 106 and holes into the light-emitting unit 108. Enter.

[0167] From the viewpoint of light extraction efficiency, the charge generating layer 115 is required to be transparent to visible light (specifically, It is preferable that the charge generating layer 115 has a visible light transmittance of 40% or more. In addition, the charge generating layer 115 has a lower electrical conductivity than the pair of electrodes (the electrodes 101 and 102). But it still works.

[0168] When the charge generating layer 115 is formed using the above-mentioned material, the light emitting layer is laminated. In this case, the increase in the driving voltage can be suppressed.

[0169] In addition, in FIG. 4(A), a light-emitting element having two light-emitting units has been described. However, the same can be applied to light-emitting devices in which three or more light-emitting units are stacked. As shown in the light-emitting element 252, a plurality of light-emitting units are disposed between a pair of electrodes. By separating the layers, it is possible to achieve high brightness light emission while keeping the current density low. A light-emitting element having a long life and low power consumption can be realized. .

[0170] At least one of the multiple units has the structure shown in the first embodiment. By applying the composition, a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and a light-emitting element with high reliability can be provided. It is possible.

[0171] In addition, it is preferable that the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting unit 110 contains a phosphorescent compound. The light-emitting layer 140 of the light-emitting unit 110 includes a phosphorescent compound, and the light-emitting unit 106 The light-emitting layer 170 preferably has the same structure as the light-emitting layer 130 shown in the first embodiment. An example of the configuration of the light emitting element 252 in this case will be described below.

[0172] The light-emitting layer 140 of the light-emitting unit 110 is made of a host material 1 as shown in FIG. The host material 141 includes an organic compound 141_ The light-emitting layer 140 includes a guest material 141 and an organic compound 141_2. The compound 2 is a phosphorescent compound, which will be described below.

[0173] <Light Emitting Mechanism of the Light Emitting Layer 140> Next, the light emitting mechanism and material configuration of the light emitting layer 140 will be described below.

[0174] The organic compound 141_1 and the organic compound 141_2 in the light-emitting layer 140 form an exciplex. It is preferable to form

[0175] The combination of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 forms an exciplex with each other. Any combination that can form a hole transporting compound is acceptable. It is more preferable that the other is a compound having an electron transporting property.

[0176] The organic compound 141_1, the organic compound 141_2, and the guest material in the light-emitting layer 140 The correlation between the energy levels of 142 and 143 is shown in FIG. 4(C). The symbols and symbols are as follows: ·Host(141_1): Organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·Host(141_2): Organic compound 141_2 (host material) Guest (142): Guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound) ·S PH1: S1 level of organic compound 141_1 (host material) T PH1 :T1 level of organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·S PH2 : S1 level of organic compound 141_2 (host material) T PH2 :T1 level of organic compound 141_2 (host material) T PG :T1 level of guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound) ·S PE : S1 level of the exciplex T PE :T1 level of the exciplex

[0177] Organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 are such that one accepts holes and the other accepts electrons. By receiving the electron, the exciplex is rapidly formed (see route E1 in Figure 4(C)). Alternatively, When one of them is excited, it quickly interacts with the other to form an exciplex. Excitation energy levels of the complex (S PE or T PE ) is a host material ( S1 levels of organic compounds 141_1 and 141_2 (S PH1 and S PH2 ) Therefore, the excited state of the host material 141 can be formed with a lower excitation energy. This makes it possible to reduce the driving voltage of the light emitting element.

[0178] And the (S PE ) and (T PE ) and the energy of the guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound) to the T1 level to obtain light emission (Figure 4(C) Route E2, E See 3).

[0179] In addition, the T1 level of the exciplex (T PE ) is the T1 level (T PG)twist The organic compounds that form exciplexes (organic compound 141_1 and organic compound T1 level of the substance 141_2 (T PH1 and T PH2 ) is preferably equal to or smaller than By doing so, the singlet excitation energy and triplet excitation energy of the generated exciplex are - to the S1 level of the exciplex (S PE ) and T1 level (T PE ) from guest material 142 T 1 level (T PG ) can efficiently transfer energy to

[0180] In addition, the organic compound 141_1 and the organic compound 141_2 efficiently form an exciplex. In order to achieve this, the HOMO level of one of the organic compounds 141_1 and 141_2 must be higher than that of the other. Preferably, the HOMO level of one is higher than the HOMO level of the other, and the LUMO level of one is higher than the LUMO level of the other. I wish.

[0181] In addition, the combination of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 has hole transport properties. In the case of a combination of a compound having a property of electron transport and a compound having a property of electron transport, the mixing ratio Specifically, the carrier balance can be easily controlled by using a hole transporting material. The weight ratio of the compound having an electron transporting property to the compound having an electron transporting property is preferably in the range of 1:9 to 9:1. In addition, by having this configuration, the carrier balance can be easily controlled. In addition, the carrier recombination region can be easily controlled.

[0182] In addition, the process of the above-mentioned routes E1 to E3 is referred to as ExTET (Ex It is sometimes called ciplex-triplet energy transfer. In other words, the light-emitting layer 140 is configured to transmit excitation energy from the exciplex to the guest material 142. In this case, the T PE From S PE High efficiency of reverse intersystem crossing is required Instead, S PE Since the quantum yield of light emitted from the It becomes possible.

[0183] By using ExTET, it is possible to obtain light-emitting elements with high luminous efficiency and high reliability. .

[0184] The light-emitting layer 170 has the same structure as the light-emitting layer 130 shown in the first embodiment and the same structure as the light-emitting layer 140. The configuration may be as follows.

[0185] In each of the above configurations, the light emitting unit 106 and the light emitting unit 110 are The light emitting colors of the light emitting materials may be the same or different. The guest unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 have the same color light emission. When the material is included, the light-emitting element 252 becomes a light-emitting element that exhibits high light emission luminance with a small current value. It is more preferable that the light emitting unit 106 and the light emitting unit 110 emit light of different colors. When the light-emitting element 252 has a guest material having a light-emitting function, the light-emitting element 252 emits multicolor light. In this case, either one of the light-emitting layer 140 and the light-emitting layer 170 or In both cases, the light emitting element 252 is formed by using a plurality of light emitting materials having different emission wavelengths. The emission spectrum is a composite of light with different emission peaks, so Both of these result in emission spectra with two maxima.

[0186] The above-mentioned structure is also suitable for obtaining white light emission. By making the lights complementary to each other, white light can be obtained. The design is such that the resulting white light has a high light emission, or at least light emission having red, green and blue colors. It is preferable to select a material that is

[0187] In addition, at least one of the light-emitting layer 140 and the light-emitting layer 170 is further divided into layers, Each divided layer may contain a different light-emitting material. Alternatively, at least one of the light-emitting layers 170 may be composed of two or more layers. For example, the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer can be laminated in this order from the hole transport layer side to form the light-emitting layer. In this case, a material having a hole transporting property is used as the host material of the first light-emitting layer, and a material having a hole transporting property is used as the host material of the second light-emitting layer. In this case, a material having an electron transporting property is used as the host material. The light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer may be the same or different. Even if a material has the function of emitting light of the same color, it may have the function of emitting light of different colors. A plurality of light-emitting materials each having a function of emitting light of a different color may be used. By using this configuration, it is possible to obtain white light with high color rendering properties consisting of the three primary colors or four or more colors. It is also possible.

[0188] Note that this embodiment mode can be appropriately combined with other embodiment modes.

[0189] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiments 1 and 2 is This will be described with reference to FIG. 5(A) and FIG. 5(B).

[0190] FIG. 5(A) is a top view showing a light emitting device, and FIG. 5(B) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5(A) cut along lines AB and CD. This light emitting device is a light emitting device shown by a dotted line, which controls the light emission of the light emitting element. A driving circuit section (source side driving circuit) 601, a pixel section 602, a driving circuit section (gate side driving circuit) The device includes a sealing substrate 604, a desiccant 625, and a seal 605. The inside surrounded by the sealing material 605 forms a space 607 .

[0191] The lead wiring 608 is connected to the source side driver circuit 601 and the gate side driver circuit 603. The wiring is for transmitting the signals to be input, and the FPC (flexible printed circuit board) is the external input terminal. Video signal, clock signal, start signal, reset signal, etc. from the 609 Although only the FPC is shown here, the FPC has a printed wiring board. Even if a printed wiring board (PWB) is installed, The light emitting device in this specification includes not only the light emitting device itself but also an FPC or This includes the state where the PWB is installed.

[0192] Next, a cross-sectional structure of the light emitting device will be described with reference to FIG. A driving circuit section and a pixel section are formed on the source side driving circuit section. A circuit 601 and one pixel in a pixel portion 602 are shown.

[0193] The source side driver circuit 601 includes an n-channel TFT 623 and a p-channel TFT 624. The driver circuit is a combination of various CMOS circuits, It may be formed of a MOS circuit or an NMOS circuit. In this embodiment, the driving circuit is formed on the substrate. Although the figure shows an integrated driver, this is not necessarily required. The driver circuit may be mounted on a substrate. It can also be formed externally.

[0194] The pixel section 602 includes a switching TFT 611, a current control TFT 612 and its drain. The pixel includes a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the input. An insulator 614 is formed so as to cover the end of the electrode 613. The insulating layer can be formed by using a photosensitive resin film having a mold.

[0195] In order to improve the coverage of the film formed on the insulator 614, the insulator 614 is The upper end or the lower end is formed to have a curved surface. For example, When photosensitive acrylic is used as the material, it is possible to make only the upper end of the insulator 614 curved. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. The border 614 may be either a negative or positive photosensitive material.

[0196] An EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed on the first electrode 613. Here, the material used for the first electrode 613 functioning as an anode is a material having a large work function. It is desirable to use a material with a high resistance. For example, an ITO film or an indium-silicon film is used. Indium tin oxide film, indium oxide film containing 2wt% to 20wt% zinc oxide, titanium nitride In addition to single-layer films such as titanium film, chromium film, tungsten film, Zn film, and Pt film, titanium nitride and alumina film are also available. A laminate of a film mainly made of aluminum, a titanium nitride film and a film mainly made of aluminum A three-layer structure with a titanium nitride film can be used. The resistance of the electrode is low, good ohmic contact can be achieved, and the electrode functions as an anode. can be done.

[0197] The EL layer 616 is formed by deposition using a deposition mask, inkjet printing, or spin coating. The EL layer 616 can be formed by various methods such as the above. The polymer may be a polymer compound (including an oligomer or a dendrimer).

[0198] Furthermore, a material for a second electrode 617 formed on the EL layer 616 and functioning as a cathode As the material, materials with a small work function (Al, Mg, Li, Ca, or alloys or compounds of these) It is preferable to use a material such as MgAg, MgIn, or AlLi. In the case where the generated light is transmitted through the second electrode 617, a thin film is used as the second electrode 617. A thin metal film and a transparent conductive film (ITO, containing 2wt% to 20wt% zinc oxide) Indium oxide, silicon-containing indium tin oxide, zinc oxide (ZnO, etc.) It is better to use layers.

[0199] The first electrode 613, the EL layer 616, and the second electrode 617 form a light-emitting element 618. The light emitting element 618 is a light emitting element having the configurations of the first and second embodiments. It is preferable that the pixel portion is formed with a plurality of light emitting elements. In the light emitting device of the embodiment, a light emitting device having the configuration described in the first and second embodiments is The light-emitting element may include both a light-emitting element and a light-emitting element having other configurations.

[0200] Furthermore, the sealing substrate 604 is bonded to the element substrate 610 with a sealant 605, The light emitting element 6 is disposed in a space 607 surrounded by the child substrate 610, the sealing substrate 604, and the sealant 605. 18. The space 607 is filled with a filler. In addition to inert gas (nitrogen, argon, etc.) filling, resin, desiccant, or both may be used. In some cases, it is filled in this way.

[0201] It is preferable to use epoxy resin or glass frit for the sealing material 605. It is desirable that these materials are as impermeable to moisture and oxygen as possible. Materials used for the sealing substrate 604 include glass substrates, quartz substrates, and FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics). reinforced plastics), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), polyester A plastic substrate made of, for example, polyester or acrylic can be used.

[0202] As described above, a light emitting device using the light emitting elements described in the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

[0203] <Configuration Example 2 of Light Emitting Device> FIG. 6 shows an example of a display device in which a light-emitting element that emits white light is formed and a colored layer (color filter) is formed. An example of a light emitting device in which a GaN-GaN filter is formed is shown.

[0204] FIG. 6A shows a substrate 1001, an insulating base film 1002, a gate insulating film 1003, and a gate electrode. 1006, 1007, 1008, a first interlayer insulating film 1020, a second interlayer insulating film 1021 , a peripheral portion 1042, a pixel portion 1040, a driving circuit portion 1041, and a first electrode 102 of a light-emitting element. 4W, 1024R, 1024G, 1024B, partition wall 1026, EL layer 1028, light-emitting element 10, a second electrode 1029, a sealing substrate 1031, a sealant 1032, and the like are shown.

[0205] In addition, in FIG. 6(A) and FIG. 6(B), colored layers (red colored layer 1034R, green colored layer 10 34G, and a blue colored layer 1034B) are provided on a transparent substrate 1033. A black matrix 1035 may be further provided. The transparent base material 1033 is aligned and fixed to the substrate 1001. The color layers are covered with an overcoat layer 1036. In FIG. The light-emitting layer emits light to the outside without passing through the colored layers, and the light-emitting layer emits light to the outside by passing through the colored layers of each color. The light that does not pass through the colored layer is white, and the light that passes through the colored layer is red, blue, or green. This allows images to be displayed using four color pixels.

[0206] In FIG. 6B, a red colored layer 1034R, a green colored layer 1034G, and a blue colored layer 103 An example in which 4B is formed between the gate insulating film 1003 and the first interlayer insulating film 1020 is shown. As shown in FIG. 6B, the colored layer may be provided between the substrate 1001 and the sealing substrate 1031. stomach.

[0207] In the light emitting device described above, the light is taken in toward the substrate 1001 on which the TFT is formed. The light emitting device has a bottom emission structure, but the light is taken in from the sealing substrate 1031 side. The light emitting device may have a top emission structure.

[0208] <Light-emitting device configuration example 3> A cross-sectional view of a top-emission type light-emitting device is shown in FIG. A connection electrode that connects the TFT and the anode of the light-emitting element can be formed. The process is the same as that of the bottom emission type light emitting device until the third interlayer is formed. An insulating film 1037 is formed to cover the electrode 1022. This insulating film serves to flatten the surface. The third interlayer insulating film 1037 may be made of the same material as the second interlayer insulating film 1021 or other materials. The insulating layer can be formed using a variety of materials.

[0209] The lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, 1025G, and 1025B of the light-emitting element are here called anodes. However, it may be a cathode. Also, a top emission type light emitting device as shown in FIG. In this case, the lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, 1025G, and 1025B are reflective electrodes. It is preferable that the second electrode 1029 has a function of reflecting light and a function of transmitting light. In addition, the second electrode 1029 and the lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, A microcavity structure is applied between 1025G and 1025B to amplify light of a specific wavelength. The EL layer 1028 has a structure as described in the second embodiment. The device structure is designed to produce white light emission.

[0210] In FIG. 6(A), FIG. 6(B), and FIG. 7, the EL layer configuration for obtaining white light emission is as follows: This can be achieved by using multiple light-emitting layers or multiple light-emitting units. However, the configuration for obtaining white light emission is not limited to these.

[0211] In the top emission structure shown in Figure 7, the colored layers (red colored layer 1034R, green colored layer The sealing can be performed by using a sealing substrate 1031 provided with a blue colored layer 1034G and a blue colored layer 1034B. The sealing substrate 1031 has a black layer (black matrix) between the pixels. A coloring layer (a red coloring layer 1034R, a green coloring layer 1035) may be provided. 034G, blue colored layer 1034B) and black layer (black matrix) 1035 are The sealing substrate 1031 may be covered with a bar coat layer. is used.

[0212] In addition, although an example of full-color display using four colors, red, green, blue, and white, is shown here, the present invention is not limited to this. Alternatively, full color display may be performed using three colors, red, green, and blue. Alternatively, full color display may be performed using four colors, red, green, blue, and yellow. A full color display may be performed.

[0213] As described above, the light emitting device using the light emitting element described in the third and fourth embodiments can be obtained.

[0214] Note that this embodiment mode can be appropriately combined with other embodiment modes.

[0215] (Embodiment 4) In this embodiment mode, a display device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiment Mode 1 and Embodiment Mode 2 is used. A more specific example of the display device will be described below. The display device exemplified below includes a reflective liquid crystal element and A display device having both a light-emitting element and a transparent element, capable of displaying in both a transmissive mode and a reflective mode. When the light emitting element described in the first and second embodiments is applied to the light emitting element, preferable.

[0216] [Display device configuration example 1] FIG. 8A is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the display device 400. The display device 4 has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a matrix on the display unit 362. 00 includes a circuit GD and a circuit SD. Also, a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a direction R, A plurality of wirings G1, a plurality of wirings G2, and a plurality of wirings ANO electrically connected to the circuit GD, It also has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a direction C and a circuit SD The semiconductor device has a plurality of wirings S1 and a plurality of wirings S2 electrically connected to the semiconductor device.

[0217] The pixel 410 has a reflective liquid crystal element and a light emitting element. The substrate and the light-emitting element have an overlapping portion.

[0218] FIG. 8B1 shows a configuration example of the electrode 311b included in the pixel 410. The electrode 311b has It functions as a reflective electrode for the liquid crystal element in the pixel 410. 51 is provided.

[0219] In FIG. 8(B1), the light emitting element 360 located in the area overlapping with the electrode 311b is shown by a dashed line. The light emitting element 360 is disposed so as to overlap with an opening 451 of the electrode 311b. As a result, the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 is emitted through the opening 451 to the display surface side.

[0220] In FIG. 8(B1), pixels 410 adjacent to each other in the direction R correspond to different colors. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8B1, the openings 451 are arranged in two pixels adjacent to each other in the direction R. It is preferable that the electrodes 311b are provided at different positions so that they are not arranged in a line. This allows the two light emitting elements 360 to be spaced apart, and the light emitted by the light emitting elements 360 The phenomenon in which the light from the adjacent pixel 410 enters the colored layer of the adjacent pixel 410 (also called crosstalk) In addition, the two adjacent light emitting elements 360 can be arranged apart from each other. Therefore, even if the EL layer of the light emitting element 360 is separately produced by using a shadow mask or the like, This makes it possible to realize a high-definition display device.

[0221] Alternatively, an arrangement as shown in FIG. 8(B2) may be used.

[0222] If the ratio of the total area of ​​the openings 451 to the total area of ​​the non-openings is too large, The display becomes dark. Also, the ratio of the total area of ​​the openings 451 to the total area of ​​the non-openings If the value is too small, the display using the light emitting element 360 will be too dark.

[0223] In addition, if the area of ​​the opening 451 provided in the electrode 311b functioning as a reflective electrode is too small, Therefore, the efficiency of light extraction from the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 decreases.

[0224] The shape of the opening 451 may be, for example, a polygon, a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, a cross, or the like. The shape may also be thin stripes, slits, or a checkered pattern. The apertures 451 may be arranged close to adjacent pixels. The pixels are arranged close to the other pixels to be displayed, which helps to suppress crosstalk.

[0225] [Circuit configuration example] 9 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel 410. In FIG. 9, two adjacent pixels 41 It shows 0.

[0226] The pixel 410 includes a switch SW1, a capacitance element C1, a liquid crystal element 340, a switch SW2, and a transistor. The pixel 410 includes a transistor M, a capacitance element C2, and a light-emitting element 360. Wire G1, wire G2, wire ANO, wire CSCOM, wire S1, and wire S2 are electrically In FIG. 12, the wiring VCOM1 electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340 is , and a wiring VCOM2 electrically connected to the light-emitting element 360 are shown.

[0227] FIG. 9 shows an example in which transistors are used for the switches SW1 and SW2. is doing.

[0228] The switch SW1 has a gate connected to the line G1 and a source or drain connected to the line S 1, and the other of the source and drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitance element C1 and the liquid crystal element 3 The other electrode of the capacitance element C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to the wiring VCOM1.

[0229] The switch SW2 has a gate connected to the wiring G2 and a source or drain The other of the source and drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitance element C2, The other electrode of the capacitance element C2 is connected to the source of the transistor M. The transistor M is connected to one of the source and drain, and the wiring ANO. The other of the drains is connected to one electrode of the light emitting element 360. The other electrode is connected to the wiring VCOM2.

[0230] In FIG. 10A, a transistor M has two gates that sandwich a semiconductor. This increases the current that the transistor M can pass. It can be done.

[0231] A signal for controlling the switch SW1 to a conductive state or a non-conductive state is applied to the wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal element 340 can be applied. The OM can be given a predetermined electrical potential.

[0232] A signal for controlling the switch SW2 to a conductive state or a non-conductive state is applied to the wiring G2. A potential difference that causes the light emitting element 360 to emit light is generated between the wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO. A potential that controls the conduction state of the transistor M can be applied to the wiring S2. A signal can be provided to control the

[0233] In the pixel 410 shown in FIG. 10, when performing a display in a reflective mode, the wiring G1 and the wiring The liquid crystal element 340 is driven by a signal applied to the line S1, and optical modulation is used to display the image. In addition, when displaying in a transmissive mode, the signal applied to the wiring G2 and the wiring S2 is The light emitting element 360 can be driven by a signal to emit light for display. When driving the wiring G1, the wiring G2, the wiring S1, and the wiring S2, It can be driven by a signal.

[0234] In FIG. 9, one pixel 410 includes one liquid crystal element 340 and one light emitting element 360. 10A shows an example in which one pixel 410 has one The liquid crystal element 340 and the four light-emitting elements 360 (light-emitting elements 360r, 360g, 360b, 10(A) shows an example having a pixel 410 having a pixel width of 1.0w. A single pixel is capable of displaying full color.

[0235] In FIG. 10A, in addition to the example of FIG. 9, a line G3 and a line S3 are connected to the pixel 410. There are.

[0236] In the example shown in FIG. 10A, for example, four light emitting elements 360 are arranged as red (R), green (G), Light-emitting elements that emit green (G), blue (B), and white (W) colors can be used. A reflective liquid crystal element that exhibits white color can be used as the liquid crystal element 340. In the case of display in reflective mode, white color with high reflectance can be displayed. When display is performed in the transmissive mode, display with high color rendering can be achieved with low power consumption.

[0237] 10B shows a configuration example of a pixel 410. The pixel 410 has an electrode 31 A light emitting element 360w overlaps with an opening of the electrode 311, and a light emitting element disposed around the electrode 311. The light emitting element 360r, the light emitting element 360g, and the light emitting element 360b. It is preferable that the light emitting element 360g and the light emitting element 360b have approximately the same light emitting area.

[0238] [Display device configuration example 4] FIG. 11 is a perspective schematic diagram of a display device 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The display device 300 includes: The substrate 351 and the substrate 361 are bonded together. In FIG. It is indicated by a line.

[0239] The display device 300 includes a display unit 362, a circuit unit 364, wiring 365, a circuit unit 366, and wiring 367. The substrate 351 includes, for example, a circuit portion 364, a wiring 365, a circuit portion 366, a wiring 367, etc. A line 367 and an electrode 311b functioning as a pixel electrode are provided. An example of IC373, FPC372, IC375 and FPC374 mounted on 351 Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 11 includes the display device 300, the IC 373, and the FPC 3 72, IC 375 and FPC 374.

[0240] The circuit portion 364 can use, for example, a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit.

[0241] The wiring 365 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display portion and the circuit portion 364. Power is input to wiring 365 from the outside via FPC 372 or from IC 373.

[0242] In FIG. 11, a substrate 351 is formed by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like. The IC 373 is, for example, a scanning line driving circuit, Alternatively, an IC having a function as a signal line driver circuit or the like can be applied. In some cases, the scanning line driver circuit and the signal line driver circuit are provided. A circuit that functions as a signal line driver circuit is provided externally, and the display device 3 is connected to the display device 3 via the FPC 372. When inputting a signal to drive 00, it is possible to configure without IC373. In addition, the IC373 can be mounted on an FPC using the COF (Chip On Film) method, etc. It may be implemented in 372.

[0243] FIG. 12 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 362. The display unit 362 has a plurality of displays. The electrodes 311b of the display element are arranged in a matrix. The liquid crystal display 300 functions as a reflective electrode for the liquid crystal element 340 described later.

[0244] 12, the electrode 311b has an opening. The light emitting element 360 is disposed on the substrate 351 side. The light from the light emitting element 360 is incident on the electrode 311b. The light is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the opening.

[0245] FIG. 12 shows a part of the area including the FPC 372 and the circuit section 36 of the display device shown in FIG. 4, a part of the area including the display unit 362, a part of the area including the circuit unit 366, 1 shows an example of a cross section of a part of a region including FPC374.

[0246] The display device shown in FIG. 12 has a structure in which a display panel 700 and a display panel 800 are stacked. The display panel 700 includes a resin layer 701 and a resin layer 702. 700 has a resin layer 201 and a resin layer 202. The resin layer 702 and the resin layer 201 are an adhesive layer. The resin layer 701 is bonded to the substrate 351 by an adhesive layer 51. In addition, the resin layer 202 is bonded to the substrate 361 by an adhesive layer 52.

[0247] [Display Panel 700] The display panel 700 includes a resin layer 701, an insulating layer 478, a plurality of transistors, and a capacitance element 4 05, insulating layer 411, insulating layer 412, insulating layer 413, insulating layer 414, insulating layer 415, light emitting Element 360, spacer 416, adhesive layer 417, colored layer 425, light shielding layer 426, insulating layer 47 6, and a resin layer 702.

[0248] The circuit section 364 includes a transistor 401. The display section 362 includes a transistor 402 and and a transistor 403.

[0249] Each transistor has a gate, an insulating layer 411, a semiconductor layer, a source, and a drain. The gate and the semiconductor layer overlap with an insulating layer 411 interposed therebetween. A part of the insulating layer 411 is a gate insulator. One part of the insulating layer 402 functions as an edge layer, and the other part of the insulating layer 402 functions as a dielectric of the capacitor 405 . The conductive layer functioning as the source or drain of the transistor 402 is a part of the capacitor 405. It also serves as the other electrode.

[0250] In FIG. 12, a transistor having a bottom gate structure is shown. The circuit section 364 and the display section 362 may have different transistor structures. Each may have multiple types of transistors.

[0251] The capacitor 405 has a pair of electrodes and a dielectric between them. A conductive layer formed in the same process as the gate of the transistor and the gate of the transistor are made of the same material. The conductive layer is made of the same material as the source and drain and is formed in the same process.

[0252] The insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414 each cover a transistor and the like. The number of insulating layers covering the transistors and the like is not particularly limited. The insulating layer 414 is The insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414 each function as a planarization layer. At least one layer is preferably made of a material that is difficult for impurities such as water or hydrogen to diffuse into. It is possible to effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor. This makes it possible to improve the reliability of the display device.

[0253] When an organic material is used for the insulating layer 414, the insulating layer 414 exposed at the edge of the display device is There is a risk that impurities such as moisture may enter the light emitting element 360 from the outside of the display device through the insulating layer. If the light emitting element 360 is deteriorated due to the intrusion of impurities, this leads to deterioration of the display device. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 12, insulating layer 414 is not located at the edge of the display. In the configuration of FIG. 12, the insulating layer using an organic material is located at the edge of the display device, so that the light-emitting element This can prevent impurities from entering the electrode 360.

[0254] The light-emitting element 360 includes an electrode 421, an EL layer 422, and an electrode 423. The light emitting element 360 may have an optical adjustment layer 424. The light emitting element 360 has a light emitting element on the colored layer 425 side. It is a top emission structure that emits light.

[0255] The transistors, the capacitors, the wiring, etc. are arranged so as to overlap with the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 360. This makes it possible to increase the aperture ratio of the display portion 362.

[0256] One of the electrodes 421 and 423 functions as an anode, and the other functions as a cathode. A voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light emitting element 360 is applied between the electrodes 421 and 423. When a voltage is applied, holes are injected into the EL layer 422 from the anode side, and electrons are injected from the cathode side. The injected electrons and holes are recombined in the EL layer 422, and the light-emitting material contained in the EL layer 422 will emit light.

[0257] The electrode 421 is electrically connected to the source or drain of the transistor 403. They may be connected directly or through another conductive layer. It functions as a pixel electrode and is provided for each light emitting element 360. Two adjacent electrodes 42 1 is electrically isolated by an insulating layer 415.

[0258] The electrode 423 functions as a common electrode and is provided across the multiple light emitting elements 360. A constant potential is supplied to the electrode 423.

[0259] The light emitting element 360 overlaps the colored layer 425 via the adhesive layer 417. The spacer 416 is The electrode 423 overlaps the light-shielding layer 426 via the adhesive layer 417. In FIG. Although the figure shows a case where there is a gap between the two, they may be in contact. Although the configuration in which the light shielding layer 416 is provided on the substrate 351 side is shown, it is also possible to provide the light shielding layer 426 on the substrate 361 side (for example). Alternatively, it may be provided on the substrate 361 side.

[0260] A color filter (colored layer 425) and a microcavity structure (optical adjustment layer 424) This combination allows the display device to emit light with high color purity. The thickness of layer 424 varies depending on the color of each pixel.

[0261] The colored layer 425 is a colored layer that transmits light of a specific wavelength range. For example, red, green, and blue Alternatively, a color filter that transmits light in the yellow wavelength range can be used.

[0262] Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the color filter type, and may be a color-coded type or a color conversion type. Alternatively, a quantum dot method or the like may be applied.

[0263] The light-shielding layer 426 is provided between the adjacent colored layers 425. The light from the adjacent light emitting element 360 is blocked, and color mixing between the adjacent light emitting elements 360 is suppressed. Here, the end of the colored layer 425 is provided so as to overlap with the light-shielding layer 426, thereby preventing light leakage. The light-shielding layer 426 is made of a material that blocks the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360. The light-shielding layer 426 is made of a material other than the display unit 362 such as the circuit unit 364. It is preferable to provide the insulating film in this region, since unintended light leakage due to guided light or the like can be suppressed.

[0264] An insulating layer 478 is formed on one surface of the resin layer 701. An insulating layer 476 is formed on one surface. The insulating layer 476 and the insulating layer 478 are made of a moisture-proof material. It is preferable to use a film having a high moisture resistance. By arranging transistors, etc., it is possible to prevent impurities such as water from entering these elements. This is preferable since it increases the reliability of the display device.

[0265] As insulating films with high moisture resistance, films made of nitrogen and silicon such as silicon nitride film and silicon oxide nitride film are used. and films containing nitrogen and aluminum, such as an aluminum nitride film. Alternatively, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may be used.

[0266] For example, the water vapor permeability of a highly moisture-resistant insulating film is 1×10 -5 [g / (m 2 ·day) ] or less, preferably 1 × 10 -6 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, preferably 1×1 0 -7 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, and more preferably 1×10 -8 [g / (m 2 d ay)] below.

[0267] The connection portion 406 includes a wiring 365. The wiring 365 is connected to the source and drain of a transistor. The connection portion 406 can be formed of the same material and in the same process as the circuit portion 3. 64 is electrically connected to an external input terminal that transmits signals and potentials from the outside. 4 shows an example in which an FPC 372 is provided as a terminal for connecting the FPC 372 to the connecting layer 419. 72 and the connection portion 406 are electrically connected.

[0268] The connection layer 419 may be made of various anisotropic conductive films (ACFs). Conductive Film and Anisotropic Conductive Paste (ACP) opic conductive paste) can be used.

[0269] This concludes the description of the display panel 700.

[0270] [Display panel 800] The display panel 800 is a reflective liquid crystal display device to which a vertical electric field method is applied.

[0271] The display panel 800 includes a resin layer 201, an insulating layer 578, a plurality of transistors, and a capacitance element 5 05, wiring 367, insulating layer 511, insulating layer 512, insulating layer 513, insulating layer 514, liquid crystal element The substrate 529, the alignment film 564a, the alignment film 564b, the adhesive layer 517, the insulating layer 576, and the resin layer 202.

[0272] The resin layer 201 and the resin layer 202 are bonded together by an adhesive layer 517. A liquid crystal 563 is sealed in the area surrounded by the insulating layer 201, the resin layer 202, and the adhesive layer 517. A polarizing plate 599 is located on the outer surface of the substrate 361.

[0273] The liquid crystal element 529 includes an electrode 311b, an electrode 562, and a liquid crystal 563. b functions as a pixel electrode. Electrode 562 functions as a common electrode. The orientation of the liquid crystal 563 can be controlled by the electric field generated between the electrode 562 and the liquid crystal 563. An alignment film 564a is provided between the liquid crystal 563 and the electrode 311b. An alignment film 564b is provided between them.

[0274] The resin layer 202 is provided with an insulating layer 576, an electrode 562, an alignment film 564b, and the like. do.

[0275] The resin layer 201 includes an electrode 311b, an alignment film 564a, a transistor 501, and a A capacitor 503, a capacitor element 505, a connection portion 506, a wiring 367, and the like are provided.

[0276] On the resin layer 201, an insulating layer 511, an insulating layer 512, an insulating layer 513, an insulating layer 514, etc. are formed. An insulating layer is provided.

[0277] Here, the source or drain of the transistor 503 is electrically connected to the electrode 311b. The conductive layer that is not connected may function as a part of the signal line. The conductive layer functioning as the gate of 503 may also function as a part of the scan line.

[0278] FIG. 12 shows an example of the circuit portion 366 in which a transistor 501 is provided. There are.

[0279] At least one of the insulating layers 512 and 513 covering the transistors is resistant to water and hydrogen. It is preferable to use a material in which impurities are less likely to diffuse, such as the above.

[0280] An electrode 311b is provided on the insulating layer 514. The electrode 311b is The source of the transistor 503 is connected through an opening formed in the insulating layer 513, the insulating layer 512, etc. The electrode 311b is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the capacitor 505. The electrode is electrically connected to one of the electrodes.

[0281] Since the display panel 800 is a reflective liquid crystal display device, visible light is reflected to the electrode 311b. A conductive material that transmits visible light is used for the electrode 561, and a conductive material that transmits visible light is used for the electrode 562.

[0282] Examples of conductive materials that transmit visible light include indium (In), zinc (Zn), It is advisable to use a material containing one selected from tin (Sn). Indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc Lead oxide, indium oxide with tungsten oxide, indium oxide with tungsten oxide Indium zinc oxide, indium oxide with titanium oxide, indium tin oxide with titanium oxide materials, indium tin oxide with silicon oxide (ITSO), zinc oxide, and oxide with gallium ZnO, etc. A film containing graphene may also be used. Graphene The film containing can be formed, for example, by reducing a film containing graphene oxide.

[0283] Examples of conductive materials that reflect visible light include aluminum, silver, and their alloys. Other examples include alloys containing metals such as gold, platinum, nickel, tungsten, and chromium. Metallic materials such as aluminum, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or In addition, the above-mentioned metal material or alloy may contain lanthanum, Neodymium or germanium may be added. Aluminum and titanium alloy , aluminum and nickel alloy, aluminum and neodymium alloy, aluminum, nickel Aluminum-containing alloys such as lanthanum alloys (Al-Ni-La) alloys), silver and copper alloys, silver, palladium and copper alloys (also known as Ag-Pd-Cu, APC) Alternatively, an alloy containing silver, such as an alloy of silver and magnesium, may be used.

[0284] Here, a linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 599, but a circular polarizing plate may also be used. As a circular polarizer, for example, a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave retardation plate are laminated. This makes it possible to suppress the reflection of external light. Depending on the type, the cell gap, orientation, driving voltage, etc. of the liquid crystal element used in the liquid crystal element 529 are adjusted. By adjusting the contrast, a desired contrast can be achieved.

[0285] The electrode 562 is provided on the resin layer 201 side in a portion close to the end of the resin layer 202. The conductive layer is electrically connected to the connector 543. A potential or a signal can be supplied to the electrode 562 from an FPC 374 or an IC or the like placed thereon.

[0286] The connector 543 may be, for example, a conductive particle. For this purpose, it is possible to use particles of organic resin or silica coated with a metal material. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because it is possible to reduce the contact resistance. Particles coated with layers of two or more metal materials, such as nickel coated with gold, are It is preferable to use a material that is elastically deformable or plastically deformable as the connector 543. In this case, the connector 543, which is a conductive particle, is preferably used as shown in FIG. In this way, the connector 543 and the electric This increases the contact area with the electrically conductive layer, reducing contact resistance and preventing connection failures. The occurrence of such defects can be suppressed.

[0287] The connector 543 is preferably disposed so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 517. The connectors 543 may be dispersed on the previous adhesive layer 517 .

[0288] A connecting portion 506 is provided in an area near the end of the resin layer 201. The connecting portion 506 is , and is electrically connected to the FPC 374 via a connection layer 519.

[0289] The above is a description of the display panel 800.

[0290] [Display element] The display element of the first pixel located on the display surface side is an element that reflects external light to display. Such devices do not have a light source, so they consume very little power when displaying. The display element of the first pixel is typically a reflective type. Alternatively, a liquid crystal element having a shutter can be used as the display element of the first pixel. MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) m) elements, optical interference type MEMS elements, microcapsule type, electrophoresis type, electro Uses elements that use the chromium-based wetting method, electronic powder method, etc. It is possible.

[0291] The display element of the second pixel located on the opposite side to the display surface side has a light source. It is possible to use elements that display images using light from a light source. Light has high color reproducibility (wide color gamut) because its brightness and chromaticity are not affected by external light. ) and high contrast, i.e., vivid display can be achieved. The display element used is, for example, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), LED(Light Emitting Diode), QLED(Qu Self-luminous light sources such as antum-dot Light Emitting Diodes Alternatively, a light source may be used as the display element of the second pixel. A backlight and a transmissive liquid crystal element that controls the amount of transmitted light from the backlight. Combinations may also be used.

[0292] [Liquid crystal element] The liquid crystal element may be, for example, a vertical alignment (VA) A liquid crystal element in which the vertical alignment mode is applied can be used. Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment mode, PVA( Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, ASV (Adv Anced Super View mode, etc. can be used.

[0293] In addition, the liquid crystal element may be a liquid crystal element to which various modes are applied. For example, in addition to VA mode, TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, IPS (In -Plane-Switching mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode itching) mode, ASM(Axially Symmetric aligne) d Micro-cell mode, OCB (Optically Compensated ed Birefringence mode, FLC (Ferroelectric L iquid Crystal mode, AFLC (AntiFerroelectric) Liquid crystal elements using the Liquid Crystal (LC) mode can be used. .

[0294] The liquid crystal element is a device that controls the transmission or non-transmission of light by the optical modulation action of liquid crystal. The optical modulation of liquid crystals is achieved by the electric field applied to the liquid crystal (horizontal electric field, vertical electric field). The liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element is These include thermotropic liquid crystal, low molecular weight liquid crystal, polymer liquid crystal, and polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC: Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal, Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal , antiferroelectric liquid crystal, guest-host type liquid crystal, etc. can be used. These liquid crystal materials are Depending on the conditions, cholesteric phase, smectic phase, cubic phase, chiral nematic phase, etc. It shows phases such as cubic and isotropic.

[0295] As the liquid crystal material, either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used. It is only necessary to use an optimum liquid crystal material depending on the mode and design to be applied.

[0296] In addition, an alignment film can be provided to control the alignment of the liquid crystal. When adopting this method, liquid crystals exhibiting a blue phase without using an alignment film may be used. When the temperature of a cholesteric liquid crystal is increased, the cholesteric phase changes to the isotropic phase. The blue phase appears only in a narrow temperature range, so it is difficult to distinguish between the two. In order to improve the range, a liquid crystal composition containing a chiral agent of several weight percent or more is used in the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response time and optically isotropic In addition, the liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal exhibiting the blue phase and the chiral agent does not require alignment treatment. In addition, no alignment film is required, and the viewing angle dependency is small. This prevents electrostatic damage caused by rubbing, and This can reduce defects and damage to the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process.

[0297] When using a reflective liquid crystal element, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. It is preferable to place a light diffusion plate on the display surface side, since this improves visibility.

[0298] [Light-emitting element] The light-emitting element may be a self-emitting element that is illuminated by a current or a voltage. This category includes devices whose brightness can be controlled, such as LEDs, QLEDs, and OLEDs. In the present embodiment, an inorganic EL element or the like can be used. It is preferable to use an optical element.

[0299] In this embodiment, a top emission type light emitting element can be used as the light emitting element. It is preferable to use a conductive film that transmits visible light for the electrode from which light is extracted. It is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light for the electrode on the other side. The device may be a single device having one EL layer, or multiple EL layers may be combined into a charge generating layer. Alternatively, the elements may be stacked in tandem with one another via an intermediate layer.

[0300] The EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer. The EL layer has a hole-injecting layer as a layer other than the light-emitting layer. high hole transporting material, hole blocking material, high electron transporting material, electron injection The material contains a highly conductive material or a bipolar material (a material with high electron transport and hole transport properties). The insulating layer may further include a layer containing the insulating layer.

[0301] The EL layer may contain the low molecular weight compounds, high molecular weight compounds, and inorganic compounds described in the first embodiment. The layers constituting the EL layer can be formed by deposition (including vacuum deposition), The layer can be formed by a method such as a transfer method, a printing method, an ink-jet method, or a coating method.

[0302] [Adhesive layer] The adhesive layer may be a light-curing adhesive such as an ultraviolet-curing adhesive, a reaction-curing adhesive, or a heat-curing adhesive. Various curing adhesives such as viscoelastic adhesives, anaerobic adhesives, etc. can be used. Epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, E VA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin, etc. In particular, the moisture permeability of epoxy resin, etc. A material with low adhesion is preferable. Two-part mixed resin may also be used. It may be used.

[0303] The resin may contain a desiccant. For example, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal (an acid The material used is one that adsorbs moisture by chemical adsorption, such as calcium chloride or barium oxide. Alternatively, materials such as zeolite and silica gel can absorb water by physical adsorption. If a desiccant is included, impurities such as moisture may enter the element. This is preferable because it can suppress the occurrence of the problem of the noise and improve the reliability of the display panel.

[0304] In addition, by mixing a filler with a high refractive index or a light scattering material into the resin, it is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency. For example, titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, and di Ruthenium, etc. can be used.

[0305] [Connection Layer] The connection layer is made of anisotropic conductive film (ACF). conductive film) and anisotropic conductive paste (ACP) Conductive Paste) can be used.

[0306] [Colored layer] Materials that can be used for the coloring layer include metal materials, resin materials, pigments, and dyes. Examples of such materials include resin materials.

[0307] [Light blocking layer] Materials that can be used for the light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, Examples of the material include a metal, a metal oxide, and a composite oxide including a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides. The film may be a film containing a resin material, or may be a thin film of an inorganic material such as a metal. In addition, the light-shielding layer may be a laminated film of a film containing the material of the colored layer. A film containing a material for a colored layer that transmits light and a material for a colored layer that transmits light of another color By using the same material for the colored layer and the light-shielding layer, a laminated structure with a film containing This is preferable because it allows the equipment to be standardized and the process to be simplified.

[0308] The configuration shown in this embodiment mode may be appropriately combined with the configurations shown in other embodiment modes. can be done.

[0309] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment mode, an electron gas containing the light-emitting element described in Embodiments 1 and 2 as a part thereof is The light-emitting device described in the first and second embodiments is an embodiment of the present invention. Since the light-emitting device includes the above-mentioned light-emitting device, the light-emitting device has high light-emitting efficiency and good reliability. As a result, the electronic device described in this embodiment has a display with reduced power consumption and good reliability. The electronic device may include a control unit.

[0310] <Explanation about the display module>

[0311] The display module 6000 shown in FIG. 13(A) includes an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002. Between the FPC 6005 and the display panel 6006, the frame 6009, and the It has a print substrate 6010 and a battery 6011.

[0312] For example, a display device manufactured according to one embodiment of the present invention is used for the display panel 6006. This makes it possible to manufacture display modules with a high yield.

[0313] The upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 are adapted to the size of the display panel 6006. The shape and dimensions can be changed appropriately.

[0314] A touch panel may be provided over the display panel 6006. In the present embodiment, a resistive or capacitive touch panel is superimposed on the display panel 6006. In addition, a touch panel may not be provided, and the display panel 6006 may be provided with a touch panel function. It is also possible to give it the ability to do so.

[0315] The frame 6009 protects the display panel 6006 and also prevents the movement of the printed circuit board 6010. It also functions as an electromagnetic shield to block electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the frame. The frame 6009 may also function as a heat sink.

[0316] The printed circuit board 6010 includes a power supply circuit, a signal circuit for outputting a video signal, and a clock signal. The power supply circuit is provided with a signal processing circuit. Alternatively, the power source may be a battery 6011 provided separately. , this can be omitted when using a commercial power source.

[0317] In addition, the display module 6000 includes components such as a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, and a prism sheet. It may be added.

[0318] FIG. 13B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display module 6000 equipped with an optical touch sensor. It is.

[0319] The display module 6000 includes a light emitting section 6015 and a receiving section 6016 provided on a printed circuit board 6010. The optical unit 6016 is surrounded by an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002. The region has a pair of light guiding portions (light guiding portion 6017a, light guiding portion 6017b).

[0320] The upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be made of, for example, plastic. In addition, the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 are each thin (for example, 0. Therefore, it is possible to make the display module 6000 extremely In addition, it is possible to reduce the weight of the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 by using less material. Since it is possible to fabricate 002, the fabrication cost can be reduced.

[0321] The display panel 6006 is connected to a printed circuit board 6010 and a battery via a frame 6009. The display panel 6006 and the frame 6009 are disposed in a stacked manner. 6017a, and is fixed to the light guiding portion 6017b.

[0322] The light 6018 emitted from the light emitting portion 6015 is guided to the display panel 60 by the light guiding portion 6017a. The light passes through the upper portion of the light guide 6017b and reaches the light receiving portion 6016. When the light 6018 is blocked by a detection object such as a stylus, a touch operation is detected. It is possible.

[0323] A plurality of light emitting units 6015 are provided, for example, along two adjacent sides of the display panel 6006. A plurality of light receiving sections 6016 are provided at positions facing each other with the light emitting section 6015 in between. This makes it possible to obtain information about the position where the touch operation was performed.

[0324] The light emitting unit 6015 may be a light source such as an LED element. 6015, a light that emits infrared rays that are invisible to the user and harmless to the user It is preferred to use a source.

[0325] The light receiving section 6016 is a photoelectric element that receives the light emitted by the light emitting section 6015 and converts it into an electrical signal. Preferably, a photodiode capable of receiving infrared rays can be used. can.

[0326] The light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b are made of a material that transmits at least the light 6018. By using the light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b, the light emitting portion The light receiving unit 6015 and the light receiving section 6016 can be disposed below the display panel 6006, and external light can be This can prevent the touch sensor from malfunctioning due to the light reaching the light receiving section 6016. It is preferable to use a resin that absorbs infrared rays and transmits infrared rays. This prevents false touch sensor detection. This allows for more effective suppression of movement.

[0327] One embodiment of the present invention can be used at least for the display panel 6006 .

[0328] <Electronic device information> 14(A) to 14(G) are diagrams showing electronic devices. These electronic devices are A body 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, and operation keys 9005 (power switch, etc.) includes an operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007 (force, displacement, position, speed, Acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electricity Measures field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared rays The sensor 9005 may also include a microphone 9008, etc. 007 may have a function of measuring biological information, such as a pulse sensor or a fingerprint sensor.

[0329] The electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 14A to 14G can have various functions. For example, the function to display various information (still images, videos, text images, etc.) on the display, Sensor function, calendar, date or time display function, various software ( A function to control processing by a program, wireless communication function, and various functions using wireless communication function Functions for connecting to computer networks, transmitting various data using wireless communication functions, or receiving the program or data recorded on the recording medium, and displaying the program or data. The display unit may have a function of displaying the information on the display unit. The functions that the electronic device shown in the figure can have are not limited to these, and the electronic device may have a variety of functions. Although not shown in FIG. 14(A) to FIG. 14(G), the electronic device may include The electronic device may have a plurality of display units. The function to take pictures, record videos, and store the images on a recording medium (external or built-in to the camera) ) and a function for displaying the captured image on a display unit.

[0330] The electronic devices shown in FIGS. 14A to 14G will be described in detail below.

[0331] FIG. 14A is a perspective view showing a portable information terminal 9100. The display unit 9001 has flexibility. The display unit 9001 can be incorporated along the screen. The device is equipped with a touch sensor, and can be operated by touching the screen with a finger or a stylus. By touching the icon displayed on the display 9001, the application can be started. can.

[0332] FIG. 14B is a perspective view showing a portable information terminal 9101. For example, the device has one or more functions selected from a telephone, a notebook, an information viewing device, etc. Specifically, the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as a smartphone. Although the speaker 9003, the connection terminal 9006, the sensor 9007, etc. are omitted in the figure, The mobile information terminal 9100 shown in FIG. 14(A) can be installed in the same position. The information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on multiple surfaces. For example, Three operation buttons 9050 (also called operation icons or simply icons) are displayed on the display unit 900. The information 9051 shown in the dashed rectangle can be displayed on one side of the display unit 90. 01. An example of the information 9051 is an e-mail Displays to notify you of incoming calls, SNS (social networking services), etc. , subject of email or SNS, sender name of email or SNS, date and time, time, There are displays showing the remaining battery level, the strength of the received signal, etc. Even if the operation button 9050 is displayed instead of the information 9051 at the displayed position, good.

[0333] The housing 9000 is made of a material such as alloy, plastic, or ceramic. The plastic may be reinforced plastic. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite (CFRP), a type of plastic Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) has the advantage of being lightweight and non-corrosive. Other types of reinforced plastics include glass fiber reinforced plastics and arami. The use of fiber reinforced plastics is one example. Compared to alloys, they are more susceptible to strong impacts. In this case, there is a risk that the fibers may peel off from the resin, so alloys are preferred. Among them, zirconium, copper, nickel and titanium alloys are the most popular. Amorphous alloys containing tungsten (also called metallic glasses) have excellent elastic strength. Amorphous alloys are amorphous alloys that have a glass transition region at room temperature and are bulk-solidified amorphous. Also called alloys, these are alloys that have a substantially amorphous atomic structure. The alloy material is poured into the mold for at least some of the housing, and solidified to form the bulk solidified non- Amorphous alloys are formed from zirconium, copper, nickel, titanium, and other materials. Lithium, Silicon, Niobium, Boron, Gallium, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Manganese, It may contain iron, cobalt, yttrium, vanadium, phosphorus, carbon, etc. The method for producing the alloy is not limited to the solidification casting method, but may be a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an electrolytic plating method, an electroless plating method, etc. The amorphous alloy may be formed by a plating method or the like. Also, the amorphous alloy has a long-range order (periodic As long as the material maintains a state of having no crystal structure, it may contain microcrystals or nanocrystals. Alloys are classified into two types: complete solid solution alloys, which have a single solid phase structure, and alloys that have two or more phases. The term includes both solid and liquid. The body 9000 is made of amorphous alloy, which gives it high elasticity. Therefore, even if the portable information terminal 9101 is dropped, the housing 9000 is not damaged. If it is a amorphous alloy, it will return to its original shape even if it is temporarily deformed at the moment of impact, so the mobile information The shock resistance of the information terminal 9101 can be improved.

[0334] FIG. 14C is a perspective view showing a portable information terminal 9102. , and has a function of displaying information on three or more faces of the display unit 9001. An example is shown in which information 9053 and information 9054 are displayed on different sides. The user of the portable information terminal 9102 holds the portable information terminal 9102 in the breast pocket of the clothes. In this state, the display (information 9053 in this case) can be confirmed. The telephone number or name of the caller is displayed on the mobile information terminal 9102 so that it can be observed from above. The user can read the display without taking the mobile information terminal 9102 out of his pocket. You can check the number and decide whether to answer the call or not.

[0335] 14(D) is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 9200. The 9200 is used for mobile phone calls, e-mail, document browsing and writing, music playback, and Internet communications. It is possible to execute various applications such as computer games. The display unit 9001 has a curved display surface, and displays information along the curved display surface. In addition, the portable information terminal 9200 can perform short-distance wireless communication according to a communication standard. For example, by communicating with a wireless headset, The mobile information terminal 9200 also has a connection terminal 9006. It has a connector and can directly exchange data with other information terminals. Charging can also be performed via the connection terminal 9006. Power may also be supplied wirelessly without going through 6.

[0336] 14(E), (F), and (G) are perspective views showing a foldable portable information terminal 9201. FIG. 14E is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 in an unfolded state. (F) shows the mobile information terminal 9201 being changed from one of the unfolded and folded states to the other. FIG. 14(G) is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 in a folded state. The portable information terminal 9201 is highly portable when folded and is unfolded. When the display is turned on, the seamless, wide display area provides excellent visibility of the display. The display unit 9001 of the display device 9001 is made up of three housings 9000 connected by hinges 9055. The two housings 9000 are supported by the hinge 9055. The portable information terminal 9201 can be reversibly transformed from an unfolded state to a folded state. For example, the portable information terminal 9201 can be bent with a radius of curvature of 1 mm or more and 150 mm or less. It can be done.

[0337] In addition, the electronic device may be, for example, a television device (a television or a television receiver (also called monitors), computer monitors, digital cameras, digital video cameras, Digital photo frames, mobile phones (also called mobile phones or mobile phone devices), goggle-type Displays (head-mounted displays), portable game consoles, portable information terminals, audio playback Examples include live video games, pachinko machines, and other large game machines.

[0338] Further, the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a secondary battery and may perform non-contact power transmission. It is preferable that the secondary battery can be charged using the same.

[0339] As the secondary battery, for example, a lithium polymer battery (lithium ion battery) using a gel electrolyte is used. Lithium-ion secondary batteries such as lithium-ion polymer batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries battery, nickel-cadmium battery, organic radical battery, lead acid battery, secondary air battery, nickel-zinc battery, silver-zinc battery Examples include lead batteries.

[0340] The electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention may include an antenna. By using the battery, it is possible to display images, information, etc. on the display unit. , the antenna may be used for contactless power transfer.

[0341] 15(A), (B), and (C) each show a foldable electronic device.

[0342] The electronic device 900 shown in FIG. 15A includes a housing 901a, a housing 901b, a hinge 903, The display unit 902 is incorporated in the housing 901a and the housing 901b. is.

[0343] The housing 901a and the housing 901b are rotatably connected to each other by a hinge 903. The device 900 has a closed state in which the housings 901a and 901b are closed, and a closed state in which the housings 901a and 901b are closed as shown in FIG. It can be transformed into an open state and a closed state. This makes it easy to carry and use. When in use, the large display area provides excellent visibility.

[0344] In addition, the hinge 903 is configured to fix the angle between the housings 901a and 901b when the housings are opened. It is preferable to have a locking mechanism to prevent the angle from becoming greater than a predetermined angle. For example, the angle at which the lock is activated (will not open any further) is greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. It is preferable that the angle is 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees, or 175 degrees. This can improve convenience, safety, and reliability. do.

[0345] The display unit 902 functions as a touch panel and can be operated with a finger, a stylus, etc. can be done.

[0346] A wireless communication module is provided in either the housing 901a or the housing 901b. Internet, LAN (Local Area Network), Wi-Fi (registered It is possible to transmit and receive data via computer networks such as .

[0347] The display unit 902 is preferably configured with one flexible display. This allows for a continuous display without interruption between the housings 901a and 901b. It should be noted that each of the housings 901a and 901b is provided with a display. It may be configured so that

[0348] FIG. 15B shows an electronic device 910 that functions as a portable game machine. The child device 910 includes a housing 911a, a housing 911b, a display unit 912, a hinge 913, and an operation button. 914a, operation button 914b, etc.

[0349] A cartridge 915 can be inserted into the housing 911b. 915 is a cartridge that stores application software such as games. By replacing 915, various applications can be executed on the electronic device 910. can be done.

[0350] In FIG. 15B, the size of the part of the display unit 912 that overlaps with the housing 911a and the The size of the overlapping part with 911b is different. The display unit 912 overlaps with the housing 911b on which the button 914a and the operation button 914b are provided. A part of the display unit 912 provided on the housing 911a is larger than a part of the display unit 912 provided on the housing 911a. The main screen is displayed on the housing 911a of the device 12, and the operation screen is displayed on the housing 911b. Each display can be used differently, for example to show different

[0351] The electronic device 920 shown in FIG. 15C includes a housing 921a and a hinge 923. A flexible display unit 922 is provided across the housing 921b.

[0352] In FIG. 15C, when the housing 921a and the housing 921b are opened, the display portion 922 is large. For example, the radius of curvature is preferably 1 mm or more and 50 mm or less. Alternatively, the display unit 922 can be held in a state where the distance is 5 mm or more and 30 mm or less. In part of the display unit 922, pixels are arranged continuously from the housing 921a to the housing 921b. The display can be arranged to display a curved surface.

[0353] The hinge 923 has the above-mentioned locking mechanism, so that excessive force is not applied to the display unit 922. Therefore, the display unit 922 can be prevented from being damaged. This makes it possible to realize electronic devices that are

[0354] FIG. 16A shows a video camera, which includes a housing 7701, a housing 7702, a display portion 7703, The operation key 7704, the lens 7705, the connection part 7706, etc. The lens 7705 is provided in a housing 7701, and the display portion 7703 is provided in a housing 7702. The housing 7701 and the housing 7702 are connected by a connection portion 7706. The angle between the housing 7701 and the housing 7702 can be changed by the connection part 7706. An image on the display portion 7703 is transmitted between the housing 7701 and the housing 7702 at the connection portion 7706. 02.

[0355] FIG. 16B shows a notebook personal computer, which includes a housing 7121 and a display unit 712. 2, a keyboard 7123, a pointing device 7124, etc. The 122 has a very high pixel density and can achieve high resolution, so it can be used with 8 cameras despite its small and medium size. k display, and very clear images can be obtained.

[0356] FIG. 16C shows the appearance of the head mounted display 7200.

[0357] The head mounted display 7200 includes a mounting part 7201, a lens 7202, and a main body 72 7203, a display unit 7204, a cable 7205, etc. It has a built-in 7206 battery.

[0358] A cable 7205 supplies power from a battery 7206 to the main body 7203. 03 includes a wireless receiver and the like, and displays image information such as received image data on a display unit 7204. In addition, the camera installed in the main body 7203 can record the movements of the user's eyeballs and eyelids. The system captures the user's gaze and calculates the coordinates of the user's gaze based on that information. It can be used as an input means.

[0359] Furthermore, the mounting unit 7201 may be provided with a plurality of electrodes at positions that come into contact with the user. The main body 7203 detects the current flowing through the electrodes in response to the movement of the user's eyeball, The device may have a function of recognizing the user's viewpoint. Also, the device may have a function of detecting the current flowing through the electrode. By doing so, the mounting unit 720 may have a function of monitoring the pulse of the user. The sensor 1 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor. The device may have a function of displaying the user's biological information on the display unit 7204. The system detects the movement of the camera body and changes the image displayed on the display unit 7204 according to the movement. Good too.

[0360] FIG. 16D shows the appearance of a camera 7300. The camera 7300 includes a housing 7301, a front A display unit 7302, an operation button 7303, a shutter button 7304, a coupling unit 7305, etc. Additionally, a lens 7306 can be attached to the camera 7300.

[0361] The coupling portion 7305 has electrodes and is connected to the finder 7400 (described later) and the strobe device. etc. can be connected.

[0362] Here, the camera 7300 is a camera in which the lens 7306 is removed from the housing 7301 and replaced. However, the lens 7306 and the housing 7301 may be integrated. .

[0363] By pressing the shutter button 7304, an image can be captured. The display unit 302 has a touch sensor, and can capture images by operating the display unit 7302. It is.

[0364] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention or a touch sensor can be applied to the display portion 7302. can.

[0365] FIG. 16(E) shows an example in which a finder 7400 is attached to a camera 7300. is doing.

[0366] The finder 7400 includes a housing 7401, a display unit 7402, buttons 7403, and the like. .

[0367] The housing 7401 has a coupling portion that engages with the coupling portion 7305 of the camera 7300. A viewfinder 7400 can be attached to the camera 7300. The device has electrodes, and displays images received from a camera 7300 through the electrodes on a display unit 7402. It can be shown.

[0368] The button 7403 functions as a power button. The 7402 display can be toggled on and off.

[0369] In addition, in FIG. 16(D) and (E), the camera 7300 and the finder 7400 are separate electronic devices. The camera 7300 is configured to be detachable. The display device according to the embodiment of the present invention may have a built-in finder equipped with a touch sensor. .

[0370] 17(A) to (E) show the external appearance of head mounted displays 7500 and 7510. FIG.

[0371] The head mounted display 7500 includes a housing 7501, two display units 7502, and an operation It has a button 7503 and a band-like fastener 7504 .

[0372] The head mounted display 7500 is the same as the head mounted display 7200. In addition to the functions it has, it has two displays.

[0373] By having two displays 7502, the user can see one display per eye. This allows high-resolution images to be displayed even when performing 3D display using parallax. The display portion 7502 is a circular arc with the user's eye as its center. This ensures that the distance from the user's eyes to the display surface is constant. This allows users to see more natural images. Even if the image changes depending on the viewing angle, the image is displayed in the normal direction to the display surface. Because the user's eyes are located in the vicinity, the effect can be virtually ignored, resulting in a more realistic appearance. It is possible to display images with

[0374] The operation button 7503 has functions such as a power button. The display may have a button.

[0375] The head mounted display 7510 includes a housing 7501, a display unit 7502, and a band. The optical axis is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the optical axis and has a blade-shaped fixture 7504 and a pair of lenses 7505.

[0376] A user can view the display on the display portion 7502 through the lens 7505 . It is preferable to arrange the display portion 7502 in a curved manner. By placing the device in a position that is close to the screen, users can experience a high level of realism.

[0377] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7502. Since such a display device can have a high resolution, the lens 75 is used as shown in FIG. Even if the image is enlarged using 05, the pixels are not visible to the user, making it look more realistic. The image can be displayed.

[0378] FIG. 18A shows an example of a television device. The television device 9300 includes a housing 9 A display unit 9001 is built into the display unit 9000. Here, the display unit 9001 is supported by a stand 9301. This shows a configuration that supports 000.

[0379] The television device 9300 shown in FIG. 18A is operated by an operation switch provided in the housing 9000. This can be done by a separate remote control 9311 or a display unit 90 The display unit 9001 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the operation can be performed by touching the display unit 9001 with a finger or the like. The remote control operation device 9311 may display information to be output from the remote control operation device 9311. The remote control 9311 may have an operation key or a touch panel. The panel allows the user to control the channel and volume, and is displayed on the display unit 9001. You can manipulate the video.

[0380] The television device 9300 includes a receiver, a modem, and the like. It is also possible to receive general television broadcasts by wired or wireless connection via a modem. By connecting to a communication network, one-way (sender to receiver) or two-way It is also possible to communicate information (between a sender and a receiver, or between receivers).

[0381] In addition, the electronic device or lighting device of one embodiment of the present invention has flexibility and can be used in a house or a building. It can also be installed along the curved surfaces of walls or exterior walls, or the interior or exterior of a car. be.

[0382] FIG. 18(B) shows the exterior of the automobile 9700. FIG. 18(C) shows the driver's seat of the automobile 9700. The automobile 9700 includes a body 9701, wheels 9702, a dashboard 9703, a rack The display device or the light-emitting device of one embodiment of the present invention includes an automobile 9700. For example, the display portion 9710 to the display portion 9720 shown in FIG. The display device or the light-emitting device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided in the display portion 9715.

[0383] The display portion 9710 and the display portion 9711 are display devices provided on a windshield of an automobile. In a display device or a light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention, electrodes and wirings are formed using a light-transmitting conductive material. By making it from a transparent material, the other side can be seen through, creating a so-called see-through state. If the display unit 9710 or the display unit 9711 is in a see-through state, the automobile 97 00 while driving. Therefore, the display device or A light-emitting device or the like can be installed on the windshield of an automobile 9700. In the case where a transistor for driving a light-emitting device is provided, an organic semiconductor material is used. Transistors that have light-transmitting properties, such as organic transistors using a semiconductor or transistors using an oxide semiconductor, A transistor may be used.

[0384] The display unit 9712 is a display device provided on a pillar part. By displaying the image from the imaging means on the display unit 9712, the view blocked by the pillars can be cleared. The display unit 9713 is a display device provided in the dashboard. For example, an image captured by an imaging means provided on the vehicle body is displayed on the display unit 9713. This can complement the view obstructed by the dashboard. By projecting images from an imaging device installed in the vehicle, blind spots are filled and safety is improved. In addition, by projecting an image that complements the invisible parts, it is possible to make the image look more natural. This allows for easy safety checks.

[0385] FIG. 18(D) shows the interior of a car with bench seats for the driver and passenger. The display unit 9721 is a display device provided in a door section. By displaying an image from the imaging means on the display unit 9721, the view blocked by the door can be cleared. The display unit 9722 is a display device provided on the handle. The display unit 9723 is a display device provided in the center of the seat surface of the bench seat. The display device is installed on the seat or backrest, and the heat generated by the display device is It can also be used as a seat heater using this as a heat source.

[0386] The display unit 9714, the display unit 9715, or the display unit 9722 displays navigation information, speech such as the odometer, tachometer, mileage, fuel level, gear status, and air conditioning settings. In addition, various other information can be provided. In addition, the display items and layout displayed on the display unit can be The above information can be displayed on the display unit. The display units 9710 to 9713, 9721, and 9723 can also display the In addition, the display units 9710 to 9715 and the display units 9721 to 9723 are illuminated. The display units 9710 to 9715 can also be used as a display device. The portion 9721 to the display portion 9723 can also be used as a heating device.

[0387] The display device 9500 shown in FIG. 19(A) and (B) includes a plurality of display panels 9501 and a shaft portion 9 511 and a bearing portion 9512. The display panels 9501 have a display area 9502 and a light-transmitting region 9503.

[0388] In addition, the display panels 9501 are flexible. The filters 9501 are arranged so that they partially overlap each other. For example, A light-transmitting region 9503 of the display panel 9501 can be overlapped. By using the display panel 9501, a large-screen display device can be provided. The display panel 9501 can be rolled up depending on the situation, making it a versatile display. The display device may be a display device.

[0389] In addition, in FIG. 19(A) and (B), the display area 9502 is adjacent to the display panel 950 1 shows a state in which the display panels are spaced apart from each other, but this is not limited thereto. For example, the display panels 9 By overlapping the display areas 9502 of 501 without any gaps, a continuous display area 9502 is created. You may do so.

[0390] The electronic device described in this embodiment has a display unit for displaying some information. However, the light-emitting element of one embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to electronic devices that do not have a display portion. In addition, the display portion of the electronic device described in this embodiment has flexibility. A display unit that can display information along a curved display surface or a foldable display unit However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and may be applied to a structure that does not have flexibility and displays on a flat surface. It may also be composed of.

[0391] The structure described in this embodiment may be used in appropriate combination with structures described in other embodiments. can be done.

[0392] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device including a light-emitting element of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This will be explained using Figure 21.

[0393] FIG. 20A is a perspective view of a light emitting device 3000 according to this embodiment. A cross-sectional view corresponding to the dashed line EF is shown in FIG. In A), some of the components are shown with dashed lines to avoid cluttering the drawing.

[0394] The light emitting device 3000 shown in FIGS. 20(A) and 20(B) includes a substrate 3001 and a light emitting element on the substrate 3001. A light element 3005, a first sealing region 3007 provided on the outer periphery of the light emitting element 3005, and a second sealing region 3007 provided on the outer periphery of the light emitting element 3005. and a second sealing region 3009 provided on the outer periphery of the first sealing region 3007.

[0395] The light emitted from the light emitting element 3005 is incident on either the substrate 3001 or the substrate 3003. In FIG. 20(A) and (B), the light emitted from the light emitting element 3005 is A configuration in which light is emitted downward (toward the substrate 3001) will be described.

[0396] As shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B, the light emitting device 3000 includes a light emitting element 3005. A double sealing structure is arranged surrounded by a first sealing region 3007 and a second sealing region 3009. The double sealing structure prevents external impurities (e.g. However, the first sealing region 300 can be effectively suppressed from being contaminated by the ingress of oxygen, for example water, or the like. It is not necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. It may be configured with only 007.

[0397] In FIG. 20B, the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are 3003. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, For example, one or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 may be formed on the substrate 30. Alternatively, the insulating film 01 may be formed above the insulating film 02 in contact with the conductive film. Alternatively, one or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 may be formed on a substrate. It may be configured so as to be in contact with the insulating film or conductive film formed below 3003. stomach.

[0398] The substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003 are the same as the substrate 200 described in the previous embodiment. The light emitting element 3005 may have the same structure as the substrate 220. The light emitting element may have a configuration similar to that described in .

[0399] The first sealing region 3007 is made of a material containing glass (for example, glass frit, glass For the second sealing region 3009, a material containing resin may be used. By using a material containing glass for the first sealing region 3007, In addition, the second sealing region 3009 may include a resin. By using this material, it is possible to improve the impact resistance and heat resistance. The first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are not limited to this. The first sealing region 3005 is formed of a material containing resin, and the second sealing region 3006 is formed of a material containing glass. Good too.

[0400] The above-mentioned glass frit may be, for example, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, Strontium oxide, barium oxide, cesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, acid Boron oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, tellurium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, acid Lead oxide, tin oxide, phosphorus oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhodium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, manganese dioxide ZnO, Molybdenum oxide, Niobium oxide, Titanium oxide, Tungsten oxide, Bismuth oxide, Zirconium oxide, lithium oxide, antimony oxide, lead borate glass, tin phosphate glass , vanadate glass, or borosilicate glass. In order to absorb infrared light, It is preferable that both contain one or more transition metals.

[0401] The above-mentioned glass frit can be prepared, for example, by applying a frit paste onto a substrate, This is then subjected to heat treatment or laser irradiation. The binder is a resin diluted with an organic solvent. It is also possible to use a material in which an absorbent that absorbs light of the wavelength of the laser light is added to the laser. As the laser, it is preferable to use, for example, a Nd:YAG laser or a semiconductor laser. In addition, the shape of the laser irradiation may be circular or rectangular.

[0402] Examples of materials containing the above-mentioned resin include polyester, polyolefin, and poly. Amides (nylon, aramid, etc.), polyimides, polycarbonates or acrylic resins, Polyurethane and epoxy resins can be used. Or, siloxane such as silicone can be used. Materials containing resins having SAN bonds can be used.

[0403] In addition, either or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 When a material containing glass is used for the substrate 3001, the thermal expansion coefficient of the material containing glass and the substrate 3001 is By adopting the above-mentioned configuration, the material or substrate containing glass is prevented from being damaged by thermal stress. This can prevent the plate 3001 from cracking.

[0404] For example, a material containing glass is used for the first sealing region 3007, and a material containing glass is used for the second sealing region 3009. When a material containing resin is used, the following excellent effects are obtained.

[0405] The second sealing region 3009 is closer to the periphery of the light emitting device 3000 than the first sealing region 3007. The light emitting device 3000 is provided on the side closer to the outer periphery. Therefore, the distortion becomes large on the outer peripheral side of the light emitting device 3000, that is, the second The first sealing region 3009 is sealed with a material containing resin, and the second sealing region 3009 is sealed with a material containing resin. By sealing the first sealing region 3007 provided on the inside with a material including glass, Even if distortion due to an external force occurs, the light emitting device 3000 is less likely to break.

[0406] As shown in FIG. 20B, the substrate 3001, the substrate 3003, the first sealing region 30 A first region 3011 is formed in the region surrounded by the second sealing region 3009 and the first sealing region 3012. In addition, the substrate 3001, the substrate 3003, the light emitting element 3005, and the first sealing region 300 In the area surrounded by 7, a second area 3013 is formed.

[0407] The first region 3011 and the second region 3013 may be, for example, a rare gas or a nitrogen gas. It is preferable that the container is filled with an inert gas such as acrylic or epoxy resin. It is preferable that the first region 3011 and the second region 3013 are filled with It is preferable that the pressure in the storage tank 10 is reduced below atmospheric pressure.

[0408] A modified example of the configuration shown in FIG. 20(B) is shown in FIG. 20(C). FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the device 3000.

[0409] FIG. 20C shows a case where a recess is provided in a part of a substrate 3003 and a desiccant 3018 is provided in the recess. The rest of the configuration is the same as that shown in FIG.

[0410] Desiccants 3018 are substances that adsorb moisture by chemical adsorption or substances that adsorb moisture by physical adsorption. Therefore, a substance that absorbs moisture can be used. For example, a desiccant 3018 can be used. The substances that can be used include oxides of alkali metals and oxides of alkaline earth metals (oxidized calcium and barium oxide), sulfates, metal halides, perchlorates, zeolites, Examples include silica gel.

[0411] Next, a modified example of the light emitting device 3000 shown in FIG. 20(B) will be described with reference to FIGS. The following description will be given using Fig. 21(A), (B), (C), and (D). 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modified example of the light emitting device 3000 shown in FIG.

[0412] The light emitting devices shown in FIGS. 21(A), 21(B), 21(C), and 21(D) do not include the second sealing region 3009. In addition, a first sealing region 3007 is formed in the first sealing region 3007. The light-emitting device shown in FIG. 20B has a region 3014 instead of the second region 3013 shown in FIG. do.

[0413] The region 3014 may be, for example, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (nylon), Polyimide, polycarbonate or acrylic resin, polyurethane, Epoxy resin can be used. Alternatively, a material having a siloxane bond such as silicone can be used. A material containing a resin that can be used.

[0414] By using the above-mentioned material for the region 3014, a so-called solid-sealed light-emitting device can be obtained. It is possible.

[0415] 21B is a light emitting device having a structure similar to that of the light emitting device shown in FIG. 21A, except that the substrate 3001 side of the light emitting device shown in FIG. A substrate 3015 is provided on the substrate 3015 .

[0416] The substrate 3015 has projections and recesses as shown in FIG. is provided on the side from which the light of the light emitting element 3005 is extracted, The light extraction efficiency can be improved. Instead of a structure having such a light emitting diode, a substrate may be provided which functions as a diffuser.

[0417] 21C is a light emitting device in which the light emitting device shown in FIG. 21A is disposed on the substrate 3001 side. In contrast to the conventional structure in which light is extracted from the substrate 3003 side, in the present embodiment, light is extracted from the substrate 3003 side.

[0418] The light emitting device shown in FIG. 21C has a substrate 3015 on the substrate 3003 side. The structure is similar to that of the light-emitting device shown in FIG.

[0419] The light emitting device shown in FIG. 21D is the same as the light emitting device shown in FIG. 21C, except that the substrate 3003 is In this configuration, 3015 is not provided, and a substrate 3016 is provided.

[0420] The substrate 3016 has a first unevenness located on the side closer to the light emitting element 3005 and a second unevenness located on the side closer to the light emitting element 300 21(D) and a second unevenness located on the far side of the first unevenness. The efficiency of extracting light from the light emitting element 3005 can be further improved.

[0421] Therefore, by implementing the configuration shown in this embodiment, impurities such as moisture and oxygen It is possible to realize a light emitting device in which deterioration of the light emitting element due to the above-mentioned phenomenon is suppressed. By implementing the configuration shown in the embodiment, a light emitting device with high light extraction efficiency can be realized. Cut.

[0422] Note that the structure described in this embodiment mode may be appropriately combined with structures described in other embodiments. can be done.

[0423] (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment, a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied to various lighting devices and electronic devices. An example of this will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23.

[0424] The light-emitting element of one embodiment of the present invention can be fabricated over a flexible substrate to have a curved surface. It is possible to realize electronic devices and lighting devices having a light-emitting region.

[0425] In addition, a light-emitting device using a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for automobile lighting. For example, lighting can be installed on the dashboard, windshield, ceiling, etc. can.

[0426] FIG. 22(A) shows a perspective view of one side of a multifunction terminal 3500, and FIG. 22(B) shows a perspective view of the other side of the multifunction terminal 3500. 3 shows a perspective view of the other side of the multi-function terminal 3500. 2 incorporates a display unit 3504, a camera 3506, and lighting 3508. The light emitting device of the embodiment can be used for lighting 3508.

[0427] The light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is used for the light source 3508, and the light source 3508 functions as a surface light source. Therefore, unlike point light sources such as LEDs, light with little directionality can be obtained. For example, when the lighting 3508 and the camera 3506 are used in combination, the lighting 3508 is turned on. The camera 3506 can capture the image by turning the light on or off. Because it functions as a surface light source, it is possible to take photos that look like they were taken under natural light. Cut.

[0428] The multifunction terminal 3500 shown in FIGS. 22(A) and 22(B) is similar to the multifunction terminal 3500 shown in FIGS. As with the electronic device shown in G), it can have a variety of functions.

[0429] In addition, inside the housing 3502, a speaker, a sensor (force, displacement, position, speed, acceleration, angle Speed, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemicals, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, Includes functions to measure voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared rays The multifunction terminal 3500 may have a built-in speaker, a microphone, etc. By providing a detection device having a sensor that detects the inclination, such as a gyro or acceleration sensor, The screen display of the display unit 3504 is automatically adjusted by determining the orientation (portrait or landscape) of the functional terminal 3500. It is possible to make it switchable.

[0430] The display unit 3504 can also function as an image sensor. By touching the palm or fingers to the sensor 504 and capturing an image of the palm print, fingerprint, or the like, personal authentication can be performed. In addition, the display unit 3504 may be provided with a backlight that emits near-infrared light or a sensor that emits near-infrared light. If a light source for imaging is used, finger veins, palm veins, etc. can also be imaged. The light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be applied to the above-mentioned embodiment 04.

[0431] FIG. 22C shows a perspective view of a security light 3600. The light 3600 is The housing 3602 has a light 3608 on the outside, and the housing 3602 is equipped with a speaker 3610 and the like. The light-emitting element of one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the lighting 3608.

[0432] Light 3600 may, for example, be a device that grasps, holds, or holds light 3608. The inside of the housing 3602 is provided with a light 3600. The light emitting device may be provided with an electronic circuit that can control the light emitting method. Alternatively, the circuit may be such that light can be emitted intermittently multiple times, or the light emission current value may be controlled. The circuit may be configured so that the amount of light emitted can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of light emitted from the light source 3608. At the same time, a circuit may be incorporated to output a loud alarm sound from the speaker 3610. stomach.

[0433] The Light 3600 can emit light in any direction, so it can be used to target, for example, thugs. The Light 3600 can also be equipped with a digital sensor to scare off predators. It may also be equipped with a camera such as a still camera, or a function having a shooting function.

[0434] FIG. 23 shows an example in which the light-emitting element is used as an indoor lighting device 8501. Since the surface area can be increased, a large-area lighting device can be formed. By using a housing having such a curved light-emitting area, a lighting device 8502 can be formed. The light-emitting element shown in this embodiment mode has a thin film shape, and the design of the housing has a high degree of freedom. Therefore, it is possible to form lighting devices with various elaborate designs. A large lighting device 8503 may be provided on the wall. A touch sensor may be provided in 503 to turn the power on or off.

[0435] In addition, by using light-emitting elements on the surface of the table, it has the function of a table. The lighting device 8504 can be used as a lighting device. This makes it possible to provide a lighting device that also functions as furniture.

[0436] In this manner, a lighting device and an electronic device can be obtained by using the light-emitting device of one embodiment of the present invention. Note that the lighting devices and electronic devices to which the present invention can be applied are the same as those described in this embodiment. The present invention can be applied to electronic devices in a wide range of fields.

[0437] The structure described in this embodiment may be used in appropriate combination with structures described in other embodiments. There can be. EXAMPLES

[0438] In this example, 3,5-bis[3-(9 H-2-methylcarbazol-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: Me-35DCz The synthesis method of PPy) (structural formula (100)) and the physical properties of the compound will be described.

[0439] <Synthesis Example 1> In a 200 mL three-neck flask, add 1.5 g (6.4 mmol) of 3,5-dibromopyridine and 3- (2-Methyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenylboronic acid 4.3g (14mmol l), tri(ortho-tolyl)phosphine 0.39g (1.3mmol), potassium carbonate Add 3.5g (26mmol), 60mL of toluene, 12mL of ethanol, and 6.0mL of water. The mixture was degassed by stirring under reduced pressure, and the atmosphere in the flask was replaced with nitrogen. To the mixture, 58 mg (0.26 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate was added, and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen stream. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 44 hours. After the specified time had elapsed, the mixture was extracted with toluene and then poured onto a silica gel column. The mixture was purified by column chromatography (eluent: toluene) to obtain a yellow powder. The powder was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to obtain the desired white powder in an amount of 2.0 g and a yield of 54. The synthesis scheme is shown in formula (A-1) below.

[0440] [ka]

[0441] The resulting white powder (2.0 g) was purified by train sublimation. The sublimation was performed at a pressure of 2.2 Pa, an argon flow rate of 10 ml / min, and heating at 310°C. After purification, 1.2 g of the target white solid was obtained with a recovery rate of 60%.

[0442] Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the obtained solid ( 1 The analytical data by 1 H NMR are shown below. 1 H NMR (chloroform-d, 300 MHz): δ = 8.94 (d, J = 2.0 Hz , 2H), 8.14(t, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 8.08-8.12(m, 2H), 8.02(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.86(m, 2H), 7.72- 7.77(m, 4H), 7.60-7.67(m, 2H), 7.33-7.44(m, 4 H), 7.27-7.31(m, 2H), 7.20-7.24(m, 2H), 7.10- 7.14(m, 2H).

[0443] Also, for the obtained solid 1 1H NMR charts are shown in FIGS. 24(A) and 24(B). Incidentally, FIG. 24(B) is an enlarged view of the range from 7.0 ppm to 9.0 ppm in FIG. 24(A). From the measurement results, it was found that Me-35DCzPPy, which is the target substance, was obtained. .

[0444] <Properties of Me-35DCzPPy> Next, Me-35DCzPPy obtained in this example was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (abbreviation : LC / MS analysis). : LC / MS analysis).

[0445] For the LC / MS analysis, LC (liquid chromatography) separation was performed using an Acquity UPLC manufactured by Waters Corporation, and MS analysis (mass spectrometry) was performed using an Xevo G2 To f MS manufactured by Waters Corporation. The column used for LC separation was an Acquity UPLC BEH C8 (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm), and the column temperature was set at 40°C. The mobile phase was such that mobile phase A was acetonitrile and mobile phase B was a 0.1% aqueous formic acid solution. Also, the sample was prepared by dissolving Me-35DCzPPy at an arbitrary concentration in toluene and diluting it with acetonitrile. The injection volume was set at 5.0 μL. concentration in toluene and diluting it with acetonitrile. The injection volume was set at 5.0 μL. concentration in toluene and diluting it with acetonitrile. The injection volume was set at 5.0 μL.

[0446] For LC separation, a gradient method of changing the composition of the mobile phase was used. From 0 minutes to 1 minute after the start of measurement, the ratio of mobile phase A:mobile phase B was 65:35. Then, the composition was changed so that the ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B at 10 minutes was mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 95:5. The composition was changed linearly. the ratio of mobile phase A:mobile phase B was 65:35. Then, the composition was changed so that the ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B at 10 minutes was mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 95:5. The composition was changed linearly. the ratio of mobile phase A:mobile phase B was 65:35. Then, the composition was changed so that the ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B at 10 minutes was mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 95:5. The composition was changed linearly.

[0447] For MS analysis, electrospray ionization was used. The capillary voltage was set at 3 The voltage was 0.0 kV, the sample cone voltage was 30 V, and detection was performed in positive mode. The components ionized under the above conditions are collided with argon gas in a collision cell. The energy of the collision of argon (collision) was The electron energy was set to 70 eV. The mass range of the measurement was m / z = 100 to 1200. Figure 25 shows the dissociated product ions detected by time-of-flight (TOF) MS. The results are shown.

[0448] From the results in Figure 25, Me-35DCzPPy is mainly observed around m / z=574 and 409. It was found that product ions were detected near 180. The results show the characteristic results derived from Me-35DCzPPy, so This is important data for identifying Me-35DCzPPy contained in materials.

[0449] The product ion at m / z=574 is C42H28N3 ·+ (·+ is radio ) is the cation in which the methyl group in Me-35DCzPPy has been eliminated. The product ion at m / z=409 is assumed to be a radical cation in the C30 state. H21N2 ·+ 2-Methylcarbazole in Me-35DCzPPy is represented by The product ion at m / z=180 is assumed to be a radical cation in the desorbed state. , C13H10N ·+The 2-methylcarbazo in Me-35DCzPPy is represented by The radical cation of Me-35DCzPPy is assumed to be 2-methylcarbazole. This suggests that the protons are added and removed from the structure. It is also possible that ±1 of the product ion may be detected.

[0450] Next, the absorption and emission spectra of Me-35DCzPPy in toluene solution The absorption and emission spectra of the thin film are shown in Figure 26. The film was prepared by vacuum deposition on a quartz substrate. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (V550, manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used. The absorption spectrum of Me-35DCzPPy in toluene was measured by adding The absorption spectrum of the Me-35DCzPPy solution shown in Figure 26 was obtained by subtracting the absorption spectrum of the Me-35DCzPPy solution from that of the Me-35DCzPPy solution shown in Figure 26. The absorption spectrum of the thin film was obtained using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi A spectrophotometer (U4100, manufactured by High Technologies) was used. A fluorometer (FS920, manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, Inc.) was used for the measurement.

[0451] As shown in Figure 26, the toluene solution of Me-35DCzPPy has absorption peaks at around 323 nm and 338 nm. Similarly, from FIG. 26, the emission wavelength peak is 373 nm (excitation wavelength 333 Also, from Figure 27, the thin film of Me-35DCzPPy was 210 nm and 24 Absorption peaks were observed around 3 nm, 295 nm, 326 nm, and 338 nm. As a result, the emission wavelength peaks were observed around 350 nm and 382 nm (excitation wavelength 300 nm). Therefore, Me-35DCzPPy, which is one embodiment of the present invention, emits light, and can be used as a light-emitting material. It was found that it can also be used.

[0452] The phosphorescence spectrum of a thin film of Me-35DCzPPy was also measured, and the T1 level was calculated. The PL microscope LabRAM HR-PL (Horiba, Ltd.) was used for the measurement. The temperature was 10K, a He-Cd laser (325 nm) was used as the excitation light, and a CCD was used as the detector. The first peak of this phosphorescence on the short wavelength side was 451 nm (2.75 eV). It has been found that this compound has a high T1 level and is suitable as a host for blue phosphorescent emitting materials. Ta. EXAMPLES

[0453] Example 1 In this example, a fabrication example of a light-emitting element including an organic compound according to one embodiment of the present invention and a method for fabricating the light-emitting element will be described. The characteristics of the element will be explained. A cross-sectional view of the element structure fabricated in this example is shown in FIG. The details of the device structure are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The structures and abbreviations of the compounds used are shown below. For other organic compounds, the above examples and embodiment mode 1 may be referred to.

[0454] In this example, light-emitting elements 1 to 6 were fabricated. The light-emitting element 1 had a host material and As the electron transport layer, only 35DCzPPy was used. 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCz were used as the deposition sources for the host material of the layer and the electron transport layer material. PPy was used. 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy were used in each element. The mixing ratios are as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0455] 35DCzPPy and Me-35D used as the host material and the electron transport layer material in this example The physical properties of CzPPy are shown in Table 4. The only difference between the physical properties is the HOMO level. do.

[0456] [ka]

[0457] [Table 2]

[0458] [Table 3]

[0459] [Table 4]

[0460] <Fabrication of light-emitting element> <Fabrication of Light-Emitting Devices 1 to 6> An ITSO film was formed on a glass substrate as an electrode 101 to a thickness of 70 nm. The electrode area of ​​the electrode 101 is 4 mm 2 (2mm x 2mm).

[0461] Next, 1,3,5-tri(dibenzothiophene) was deposited on the electrode 101 as a hole injection layer 111. DBT3P-II) and MoO3 in a weight ratio of (DBT The ratio of 3P-II:MoO3 was 1:0.5 and the thickness was 20 nm. It was evaporated.

[0462] Next, on the hole injection layer 111, 9-phenyl-9H-3-(9 -phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)carbazole (abbreviation: PCCP) The deposition was carried out to a thickness of 20 nm.

[0463] Next, a light-emitting layer 160(1) was formed on the hole transport layer 112 by depositing a mixture of PCCP and 35DCzPP y, Me-35DCzPPy and tris{2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2 ,6-Diisopropylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-κN 2 ]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpptz-diPrp)3 The weight ratio is 1:0.3×(1-x):0.3x:0.06, and the thickness is 30 m, and then as the light-emitting layer 160(2), :Me-35DCzPPy:Ir(mpptz-diPrp)3) is 1-x:x:0.0 The light-emitting layer 160 (1 ) and in the light-emitting layer 160(2), Ir(mpptz-diPrp)3 exhibits phosphorescence. The value of x differs depending on the light-emitting element. The value of x is shown in Table 3.

[0464] Next, a first electron transport layer 118(1) containing 35DCzP Py:Me-35DCzPPy was mixed in a weight ratio of 1-x:x and the thickness was 10 nm. Subsequently, a second electron transport layer was formed on the first electron transport layer 118(1). 118(2), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPhen) was applied to a film thickness of 15 nm. The value of x differs for each light-emitting element. The values ​​are shown in Table 3.

[0465] Next, a lithium fluoride ( LiF) was evaporated to a thickness of 1 nm.

[0466] Next, on the electron injection layer 119, aluminum (Al) was deposited to a thickness of 20 It was formed so that the thickness was 0 nm.

[0467] Next, in a glove box with a nitrogen atmosphere, the device is sealed using an organic EL sealing material. The light-emitting elements 1 to 5 are formed by fixing a glass substrate for forming the light-emitting element 1 to the glass substrate on which the organic material is formed. Specifically, a sealing material was applied to the periphery of the organic material on the glass substrate on which the organic material was formed. The substrate is then bonded to a glass substrate for sealing, and ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365 nm is applied. Light at 6J / cm 2 The light-emitting element 1 was obtained by the above steps. Thus, a light-emitting element 6 was obtained.

[0468] <Characteristics of light-emitting element> Next, the characteristics of the fabricated light-emitting elements 1 to 6 were measured. Luminance and CIE chromaticity A color luminance meter (Topcon, BM-5A) was used to measure the electroluminescence spectrum. A multichannel spectrometer (Hamamatsu Photonics, PMA-11) was used for the analysis.

[0469] FIG. 29 shows current efficiency vs. luminance characteristics of the light-emitting elements 1 to 6. The external quantum efficiency vs. luminance characteristics are shown in FIG. 30. The external quantum efficiency vs. luminance characteristics of each light-emitting element are shown in FIG. The measurements were carried out at room temperature (atmosphere maintained at 23°C).

[0470] Also, 1000cd / m 2 The element characteristics of the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 in the vicinity are shown in Table 5. As shown in.

[0471] [Table 5]

[0472] Furthermore, the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 have a luminance of 2.5 mA / cm 2 When a current is applied at a current density of The electroluminescence spectrum is shown in FIG.

[0473] As shown in FIGS. 29 to 32 and Table 3, the external quantum efficiencies of the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 are The maximum values ​​are each 26% or more, and the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 each have a very high external The partial quantum efficiency of the light-emitting element 1, in which the content of Me-35DCzPPy is 0, is shown. The external quantum efficiency was particularly high.

[0474] In addition, from Table 5, the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 have an optical output of 1000 cd / m 2 Around 4.6V The driving voltage was low for a blue phosphorescent device, and it showed good power efficiency. No significant difference was observed in the driving voltage depending on the mixture ratio of Me-35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy.

[0475] In addition, as shown in FIG. 32, the electroluminescence spectra of the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 are 474n The spectral peaks are around 501 nm and 501 nm, with full widths at half maximum of approximately 68 nm. Therefore, the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 emitted light in light blue. No significant difference was observed in the electroluminescence spectrum depending on the mixing ratio of 35DCzPPy.

[0476] <Reliability of light-emitting elements> Next, the light-emitting elements 1 to 6 were rated at 2.5 mA / cm 2 A constant current drive test was performed at The results are shown in FIG. 33. As can be seen from FIG. 33, the deterioration curves of the light-emitting elements 1 to 4 The lines are almost identical, and the half-life of each is about 500 hours, showing good reliability. On the other hand, in the light-emitting elements 5 and 6, the Me- The higher the ratio of 35DCzPPy in the element, the shorter the luminance half-life. The luminance half-life is shorter than that of the light-emitting element 4. There is no significant difference in reliability when the 35DCzPPy content is up to 10% of 35DCzPPy. However, if it is greater than 10%, it is known that it affects the reliability of the light-emitting element. This is because the effect of the above-mentioned hydrogen atom transfer reaction is greater when the content of Me-35DCzPPy is 35D This is thought to be because the effect appears at concentrations greater than 10% for CzPPy.

[0477] Therefore, the content of organic compounds in which hydrogen atoms in the carbazole skeleton are replaced by alkyl groups In order to obtain a light-emitting element having good reliability, it is necessary to reduce the amount of the host material to less than 10%. It has been shown to be suitable for [Explanation of symbols]

[0478] 50 Adhesive layer 51 Adhesive layer 52 Adhesive layer 100 EL layer 101 Electrode 102 electrode 106 Light Emitting Unit 108 Light Emitting Unit 110 Light Emitting Unit 111 Hole injection layer 112 Hole transport layer 113 Electron transport layer 114 Electron injection layer 115 Charge generation layer 116 Hole injection layer 117 Hole transport layer 118 Electron transport layer 119 Electron injection layer 130 Light-emitting layer 131 Host Materials 131_1 Organic compounds 131_2 Organic compounds 132 Guest Materials 140 Light-emitting layer 141 Host Materials 141_1 Organic compounds 141_2 Organic compounds 142 Guest Materials 150 Light emitting element 160 Light-emitting layer 170 Light-emitting layer 200 boards 201 Resin layer 202 Resin layer 220 Substrate 252 Light emitting element 300 display device 311 Electrode 311b electrode 340 Liquid crystal element 351 Substrate 360 Light emitting element 360b Light emitting element 360g Light emitting element 360r Light emitting element 360w light emitting element 361 Substrate 362 Display section 364 Circuit section 365 Wiring 366 Circuit section 367 Wiring 372 FPC 373 IC 374 FPC 375 IC 400 display device 401 Transistor 402 Transistor 403 Transistor 405 Capacitive element 406 Connection 410 pixels 411 Insulating layer 412 Insulating layer 413 Insulating Layer 414 Insulating layer 415 Insulating layer 416 Spacer 417 Adhesive layer 419 Connection Layer 421 Electrode 422 EL layer 423 Electrode 424 Optical adjustment layer 425 Colored layer 426 Light blocking layer 451 Aperture 476 Insulating Layer 478 Insulating Layer 501 Transistor 503 Transistor 505 Capacitive element 506 Connection 511 Insulating layer 512 Insulating layer 513 Insulating Layer 514 Insulating layer 517 Adhesive layer 519 Connection Layer 529 Liquid crystal element 543 Connector 562 Electrode 563 Liquid Crystal 564a Orientation film 564b Orientation film 576 Insulating Layer 578 Insulating Layer 599 Polarizing Plate 601 Source side driver circuit 602 Pixel section 603 Gate side drive circuit 604 Sealing substrate 605 Sealing material 607 Space 608 Wiring 610 Element Substrate 611 Switching TFT 613 Electrode 614 Insulation 616 EL layer 617 Electrode 618 Light-emitting element 623 n-channel TFT 624 p-channel TFT 700 Display Panel 701 Resin layer 702 Resin layer 800 Display Panel 900 Electronic equipment 901a Case 901b Case 902 Display section 903 Hinge 910 Electronic equipment 911a Case 911b Case 912 Display section 913 Hinge 914a Operation button 914b Operation button 915 Cartridge 920 Electronic equipment 921a Case 921b Case 922 Display section 923 Hinge 1001 Board 1002 Undercoat insulating film 1003 Gate insulating film 1006 Gate electrode 1007 Gate electrode 1008 Gate electrode 1020 Interlayer insulating film 1021 Interlayer insulating film 1022 Electrode 1024B Electrode 1024G electrode 1024R electrode 1024W electrode 1025B Lower electrode 1025G bottom electrode 1025R lower electrode 1025W bottom electrode 1026 Bulkhead 1028 EL layer 1029 Electrode 1031 Sealing substrate 1032 Sealing material 1033 Base material 1034B Colored layer 1034G colored layer 1034R colored layer 1036 Overcoat layer 1037 Interlayer insulating film 1040 Pixel section 1041 Drive circuit section 1042 Periphery 3000 Light Emitting Device 3001 Substrate 3003 Substrate 3005 Light emitting element 3007 Sealing area 3009 Sealing area 3011 area 3013 area 3014 area 3015 Substrate 3016 Substrate 3018 Desiccant 3500 Multifunction Terminal 3502 Case 3504 Display section 3506 Camera 3508 Lighting 3600 Lite 3602 Case 3608 Lighting 3610 Speaker 6000 Display Module 6001 Top cover 6002 Lower cover 6005 FPC 6006 Display Panel 6009 Frame 6010 Printed Circuit Board 6011 Battery 6015 Light emitting part 6016 Light receiving section 6017a Light guiding section 6017b Light guiding section 6018 light 7121 Case 7122 Display section 7123 Keyboard 7124 Pointing Device 7200 Head Mounted Display 7201 Mounting part 7202 Lens 7203 Main unit 7204 Display section 7205 Cable 7206 Battery 7300 Camera 7301 Case 7302 Display section 7303 Operation button 7304 Shutter button 7305 Joint 7306 Lens 7400 Finder 7401 Case 7402 Display section 7403 Button 7500 Head Mounted Display 7501 Case 7502 Display section 7503 Operation button 7504 Fixtures 7505 Lens 7510 Head Mounted Display 7701 Case 7702 Case 7703 Display section 7704 Operation key 7705 Lens 7706 Connection 8501 Lighting equipment 8502 Lighting equipment 8503 Lighting equipment 8504 Lighting equipment 9000 Chassis 9001 Display section 9003 Speaker 9005 Operation key 9006 Connection terminal 9007 Sensor 9008 Microphone 9050 Operation button 9051 Information 9052 Information 9053 Information 9054 Information 9055 Hinge 9100 Mobile Information Terminal 9101 Portable information terminal 9102 Portable information terminal 9200 Mobile Information Terminal 9201 Portable information terminals 9300 Television Equipment 9301 Stand 9311 Remote control device 9500 display device 9501 Display Panel 9502 Display area 9503 area 9511 Shaft 9512 Bearing section 9700 Automobiles 9701 Body 9702 wheels 9703 Dashboard 9704 Light 9710 Display section 9711 Display section 9712 Display section 9713 Display section 9714 Display section 9715 Display section 9721 Display section 9722 Display section 9723 Display section

Claims

1. A light-emitting layer is disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, and an iridium complex; the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound (excluding the case where the proportion of CH groups contained in the hydrocarbon group substitute in the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute is 70 ppm or less).

2. A light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer are disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, and an iridium complex; the electron transport layer comprises the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute, the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, A light-emitting device, wherein the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound.

3. A light-emitting layer is disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, a second organic compound, and an iridium complex; the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the second organic compound has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton, A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound (excluding the case where the proportion of CH groups contained in the hydrocarbon group substitute in the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute is 70 ppm or less).

4. A light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer are disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, a second organic compound, and an iridium complex; the electron transport layer comprises the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute, the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the second organic compound has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton, A light-emitting device, wherein the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound.

5. In claim 3 or claim 4, The first organic compound and the second organic compound are a combination that forms an exciplex.

6. A light emitting device using the light emitting element according to claim 1 .

7. An electronic device using the light emitting device according to claim 6.

8. A lighting device using the light-emitting device according to claim 6.

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