Measuring body for verifying geometric deviation of a three-axis machine tool, three-axis machine tool, and method for correcting the geometric deviation of a three-axis machine tool

Abstract

The present invention relates to a measuring body for verifying geometric deviations in a three-axis machine tool, the measuring body comprising: a base plate (20), a first wall (21) arranged on the base plate (20) and protruding perpendicularly therefrom, and a second wall (22) arranged on the base plate (20) and protruding perpendicularly therefrom, the base plate (20) having a first row of holes (23) and a second row of holes (24), the first wall (21) having a stepped region (25) with a plurality of steps (25a) in an exposed upper region, and the second wall (22) having a stepped region (25) with a plurality of steps (25a) in an exposed upper region. The present invention also relates to a three-axis machine tool including this type of measuring body, and to a method for verifying and correcting geometric deviations of a three-axis machine tool.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a measuring body for verifying the geometric deviation of a three-axis machine tool, a three-axis machine tool with improved geometric accuracy, and a method for verifying and correcting the geometric deviation of a three-axis machine tool. [Background technology]

[0002] The geometric accuracy of machine tools has been a well-known challenge in machine tools. The geometric accuracy of machine tools is determined by the deviation of the actual position and orientation of the tool relative to the workpiece from the nominal position and orientation. This error therefore causes deviations from the ideal workpiece shape and reduces the working accuracy of the machine tool. To improve the geometric accuracy, not only the deviations of the single axes are generally taken into account, but also the positions and orientations of the single axes relative to each other.

[0003] Assuming a rigid body model, a 3-axis machine tool has three linear deviations (one in the axial direction, two perpendicular to the axial direction) and three rotational deviations (yaw, pitch, roll). There are therefore six deviations for each linear axis, resulting in 18 deviations for the three linear axes. In addition, three perpendicular deviations of the linear axes with respect to each other must be considered. Thus, a total of 21 geometric errors can occur with a 3-axis machine tool. The individual deviations can add up to a large total error, which can actually have an unfavorable effect on the geometric accuracy of the machine tool. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a measuring body for verifying geometric deviations of a three-axis machine tool, a three-axis machine tool, and a method for verifying and correcting geometric deviations of a three-axis machine tool, wherein the measuring body and the three-axis machine tool are designed as simply and inexpensively as possible, and the method can be implemented as inexpensively and quickly as possible. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] This object will be achieved by a measuring body having the features of claim 1, a three-axis machine tool having the features of claim 9 and a method having the features of claim 11. Preferred further embodiments of the invention are set out in the respective dependent claims.

[0006] On the other hand, the measuring body according to the invention for verifying the geometric deviation of a three-axis machine tool having the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the three-axis machine tool has no linear and vertical deviations, since the geometric deviation of the three-axis machine tool can be corrected using the measuring body. This means that the workpiece can be machined with the highest precision using the three-axis machine tool. The correction data determined on the basis of the measuring body can be used directly for the error correction of the three-axis machine tool. This will be achieved according to the invention in that the measuring body has a base plate, a first wall, and a second wall. The first wall is arranged on the base plate and protrudes vertically from the base plate. The second wall is also arranged to protrude vertically from the base plate. Here, the base plate is formed with a first row of holes and a second row of holes. Furthermore, the first wall is formed in a step shape with a plurality of steps on the side away from the base plate. Similarly, the second wall is also formed in a step shape with a plurality of steps on the side away from the base plate. Thus, the step area of ​​the first wall and the step area of ​​the second wall are located in the upper exposed areas of the first wall and the second wall, respectively. In this manner, the exposed upper regions of the first wall and the second wall form a staircase that can detect different positions in the Z direction by the base plate spanning the base plane in the X direction and the Y direction. Due to the exposed step regions of the upper portions of the first wall and the second wall, the first wall and the second wall have a substantially triangular shape.

[0007] Preferably, the first wall is disposed along a first edge of the base plate and the second wall is disposed along a second edge of the base plate. Further, the first row of holes is disposed along a third edge of the base plate and the second row of holes is disposed along a fourth edge of the base plate. Thus, a rectangular, preferably square, base plate has first and second walls along two edges and first and second rows of holes along the other two edges.

[0008] Most preferably, the first and second walls are arranged adjacent to each other at a corner of the base plate or to form a corner region, in which case the first and second walls can be arranged on the base plate, or alternatively the first and second walls are arranged on a lateral region of the base plate, the corner of the base plate being located at the corner line of the meeting first and second walls.

[0009] Preferably, the first wall and the second wall are formed identically to facilitate the manufacture of the measuring body. More preferably, each step surface of the stepped region of each wall has a reference hole. Preferably, the reference hole is formed in the center of the step surface. More preferably, each step surface is ground or milled. Preferably, the reference hole is a bore. In this way, the hole and the cutting surface can be used as reference elements, the Z coordinate can be determined using the cutting surface of the step, and the center point of the hole can be used as the X and Y coordinates.

[0010] More preferably, a first reference surface is formed on the base plate adjacent to the first row of holes, and a second reference surface is formed on the base plate adjacent to the second row of holes, so that the two reference surfaces are also reference elements and each is configured to determine a Z coordinate.

[0011] In order to make the measurement operation as simple as possible, the holes of the first row of holes are arranged on a first straight line and the holes of the second row of holes are arranged on a second straight line, which is preferably perpendicular to the second straight line.

[0012] More preferably, the first and second reference surfaces are arranged in a strip adjacent to and parallel to the row of holes. Most preferably, the first and second reference surfaces are ground or milled surfaces. More preferably, the first and second reference surfaces extend parallel to an edge of the base plate.

[0013] Most preferably, the first and second rows of holes are configured with the same number of holes, the same hole spacing, and the same hole diameter.

[0014] The measuring body is preferably made of Invar, which is particularly suitable for the manufacture of the measuring body due to its very small thermal expansion coefficient. It is further preferred that the thickness of the first and second walls is the same as the thickness of the base plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the invention relates to a three-axis machine tool comprising a tool spindle, a measuring device, in particular a three-dimensional measuring probe, which can be clamped to the tool spindle, and a control for controlling the three-axis machine tool. Furthermore, the three-axis machine tool comprises a measuring body according to the invention, the control being configured for carrying out a correction of the geometric data of the three-axis machine tool on the basis of a nominal / actual comparison of pre-determined geometric nominal dimensions of the measuring body and the geometric actual dimensions of the measuring body determined by the measuring device of the three-axis machine tool. The control therefore comprises a memory in which the geometric nominal dimensions of the measuring body determined in the measuring machine in the previous operation are stored. When determining the actual geometric dimensions of the measuring body in the three-axis machine tool, the control preferably starts an NC program for measuring the measuring body in order to determine the actual values ​​of the measuring body. In this way, by comparing the nominal values ​​with the actual values, a correction of the geometric data of the three-axis machine tool can be carried out, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece by the three-axis machine tool can be significantly improved. Thus, a correction of the geometric errors of the three-axis machine tool can be realized in a simple manner. The nominal values ​​are preferably stored in the memory. More preferably, the measuring body is provided with three-point abutments that are used to place or clamp the measuring body on a work table, i.e. the measuring body stands on three legs, which are positioned as far apart as possible below the base plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for verifying and correcting geometric deviations of a three-axis machine tool, the method comprising: - clamping a measuring device, in particular a 3D measuring probe, to a spindle of a 3-axis machine tool; - positioning the measuring body in the working area of ​​a three-axis machine tool; -Move to multiple different positions on the measurement object Geometric measurements and collecting the - Acquired Actual measurements and the specified measurement body Nominal valueperforming a nominal / actual comparison between the - A process for improving the working accuracy of a three-axis machine tool by correcting a geometric deviation of the three-axis machine tool in a control unit of the three-axis machine tool; Equipped with.

[0017] The process according to the invention can be carried out relatively quickly and safely, in particular the method according to the invention can even be carried out a short time after delivery of the three-axis machine tool to the customer, so that the prevailing local conditions, in particular the temperature conditions at the customer's premises, are no longer detrimental to the geometric accuracy of the three-axis machine tool during operation.

[0018] Of course, if desired, the method can also be implemented during the manufacture of a three-axis machine tool, optimizing the manufacturing process at the manufacturer of the three-axis machine tool.

[0019] Preferably, the nominal values ​​of the measuring body are predetermined in the coordinate measuring machine, after which the measuring body is placed in the working area of ​​the three-axis machine tool such that the coordinate system of the measuring body coincides with the coordinate system of the three-axis machine tool.

[0020] More preferably, when measuring the measurement object in the three-axis machine tool, the temperature of the working space is detected, and the actual data is corrected based on the detected temperature of the working space, thereby further improving the accuracy of correction of the geometric deviation.

[0021] The method according to the invention preferably determines the position deviations in the X, Y and Z directions for each axis respectively and also determines the two straightness deviations for each axis, thus making it possible to detect a total of nine sources of geometrical errors.

[0022] More preferably, the perpendicularity error is calculated between each of the three axes, i.e., the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis, thereby further improving the accuracy of correcting the geometric deviation, and a total of 12 geometric deviations can be detected.

[0023] Preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a measuring body in a three-axis machine tool according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the measuring body of FIG. 1 as seen from another viewpoint. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the measuring body of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective overall view of the three-axis machine tool of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Hereinafter, a three-axis machine tool 1 having a measuring body 2 for verifying the geometric deviation of the three-axis machine tool will be described in detail with reference to Figs. 1 to 4.

[0026] Furthermore, a method for verifying and correcting the geometric deviation of a three-axis machine tool will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0027] As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 4, the three-axis machine tool 1 comprises a working area 3, a spindle 4 and a control unit 10.

[0028] As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 4, a measuring body 2 is placed on a worktable 6 of a three-axis machine tool 1 .

[0029] The measuring body 2 is shown in detail in Figures 2 and 3. The measuring body 2 is configured for verifying the geometric deviations of a three-axis machine tool. In particular, by means of the measuring body 2, the coordinates for positioning the tool of the three-axis machine tool 1 can be determined very precisely.

[0030] The measurement body 2 includes a planar base plate 20 that straddles a base plane in the X and Y directions. The measurement body 2 further includes a first wall 21 and a second wall 22. The first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are disposed on the base plate 20 and protrude perpendicularly therefrom.

[0031] As can be seen from FIG. 2, a first wall 21 and a second wall 22 are disposed on the bottom surface of the base plate 20.

[0032] The first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are disposed along an edge of the base plate 20. More specifically, the first wall 21 is disposed along a first edge 20a of the base plate 20, and the second wall 22 is disposed along a second edge 20b of the base plate 20.

[0033] As a result, the first and second walls 21, 22 are disposed on the base plate 20 so as to contact each other at the corners of the base plate. As a result, a corner line 27 (see FIG. 1) perpendicular to the bottom surface of the base plate 20 is formed.

[0034] As can be seen from Figures 1 and 2, the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are triangular in shape, with a step formed at the top free end of each of the first and second walls. Thus, a step triangle is formed, exposing a step area 25 on each wall. As shown in Figure 2, each step 25a has a reference hole 26 and a ground or milled step surface 26a. The thicknesses of the first and second walls are preferably selected to be the same. More preferably, the thickness of the base plate 20 is also the same as the wall thickness of the walls 21, 22.

[0035] Furthermore, the measurement body 2 includes a first hole row 23 and a second hole row 24 on the base plate 20. The first hole row 23 includes a plurality of holes 23a arranged on a first straight line 31. The second hole row 24 includes a plurality of second holes 24a arranged on a second straight line 32. Here, the centers of the holes 23a, 24a are arranged on the straight lines 31, 32. The first straight line and the second straight lines 31, 32 intersect at a right angle.

[0036] As can be seen in Figure 2, the first strip-shaped reference surface 28 is located next to the first row of holes 23. The second strip-shaped reference surface 29 is located next to the second row of holes 24. The reference surfaces are located between the rows of holes, at the third edge 20c and the fourth edge 20d, respectively (see Figure 2).

[0037] Since the base plate 20 is rectangular, the number of holes is the same as that of the first hole row and the second hole row 23, 24. A hole 30 common to both hole rows is provided at the corner opposite to the corner where the wall portions contact each other.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 2, the Z direction is perpendicular to the X direction and perpendicular to the Y direction.

[0039] The measuring body 2 is fixed on a work table 6 of the three-axis machine tool 1. Furthermore, a three-dimensional measuring probe is arranged on the spindle 4 for determining the actual coordinates of the three-axis machine tool by the measuring body 2.

[0040] The three-axis machine tool 1 further comprises a control unit 10 configured to control the three-axis machine tool. The control unit 10 is further configured to perform correction of the geometric data of the three-axis machine tool 1 based on a nominal / actual comparison of the geometric dimensions of the measurement body 2.

[0041] As described above, a three-axis machine tool has three linear axes: a first axis in the X direction, a second axis in the Y direction, and a third axis in the Z direction.

[0042] A total of 21 deviations of the three linear axes occur, of which three are perpendicular deviations of the linear axes with respect to each other. Thus, for a three-axis machine tool, a total of 21 error parameters result.

[0043] Using the method according to the present invention, it is thus possible to verify and correct the positional, straightness and vertical deviations of a three-axis machine tool such as the gantry machine shown in FIG.

[0044] For this purpose, the measurement body 2 is first measured by a coordinate measuring machine (not shown) to generate nominal values. These nominal values ​​are then supplied to the control unit 10 of the three-axis machine tool 1 and stored in a memory. To measure the measurement body 2, a coordinate system is set in which the XY plane is parallel to the base plate 20. In this way, the geometry of the measurement body 2, preferably made of Invar, is determined based on the Z-, X- and Y-positions of various reference elements of the measurement body 2, which are repeatedly determined. At the same time, the zero point of the coordinate system of the measurement body 2 is also determined. As reference elements, for example, the cutting step surface 26a and the first and second reference surfaces 28, 29 for the Z-position are used. The holes of the hole rows 23, 24 and the hole 26 in the step become reference elements for the X- and Y-positions.

[0045] Next, the measurement body 2 is placed on the work table 6 in the working area 3 of the three-axis machine tool to measure the geometric deviation of the three-axis machine tool. In this process, the measurement body 2 can be fixed on the work table by clamping or other methods. In this case, the XYZ coordinate system of the measurement body basically needs to be aligned parallel to the XYZ coordinate system of the three-axis machine tool. Then, the measurement of the measurement body 2 in the three-axis machine tool 1 is performed using a three-dimensional measuring device 5, for example, a three-dimensional measuring probe. Generally, recent three-axis machine tools have, for example, such a three-dimensional measuring probe to detect part positions and part shapes.

[0046] Prior to measurement, the coordinate system of the three-axis machine tool is thus aligned identically to the coordinate system of the coordinate measuring machine which has previously measured the measurement body 2 .

[0047] After the measuring body 2 is fixed in the working area 3 of the three-axis machine tool, the control unit 10 preferably executes a fully automatic NC program for measuring the measuring body 2 using the three-dimensional measuring probe 5, thereby determining the actual measured values ​​of the three-axis machine tool 1.

[0048] Preferably, when measuring the measurement body 2 in the working area of ​​the three-axis machine tool 1, the temperature of the working area 3 of the three-axis machine tool 1 is also measured and stored. If the temperature of this working area differs from a reference temperature, for example 20° C., the thermal expansion coefficient of the workpiece to be machined by the three-axis machine tool must be taken into account during machining of the workpiece. Therefore, at this point, the actual measurements of the three-axis machine tool must be corrected.

[0049] After completion of the measurement of the measuring body 2 on the three-axis machine tool 1 and, if necessary, thermal conditioning of the actual values, the actual values ​​of the three-axis machine tool are determined and can be compared with the nominal values ​​of the measuring body. By comparing the nominal and actual values, the geometric deviations of the three-axis machine tool, i.e. positional deviation, straightness deviation and vertical deviation, can be calculated and thereby verified and corrected. Figure 3 shows an example of the straightness deviation G, vertical deviation R and positional deviation P in a top view of the measuring body 2.

[0050] For example, the X-axis position deviation can be determined by first evaluating the difference between the actual position in the X-direction and the nominal position of a measured reference element on the base plate 20 along the X-axis. Since the zero point of the measuring body 2 and the position of the reference element relative to the zero point are known, the determined difference can be assigned to the X-axis positions of the three-axis machine tool. This results in a table of the X-axis positions of the three-axis machine tool and the position deviations in the X-direction at these X-axis positions. These position deviations can then be stored and used as they are as compensation data for error compensation of the three-axis machine tool in the control unit 10.

[0051] Alternatively, the deviation can be mathematically pre-processed. For example, the deviation can be approximated by various mathematical functions. In particular, in the case of a small measuring body 2 with few reference elements, it is conceivable to approximate the difference by, for example, a straight line (regression line). In this case, only the scaling error is corrected.

[0052] Since the measuring body 2 only covers a part of the working area 3 of the three-axis machine tool, the obtained actual measurements are preferably extrapolated by means of corresponding mathematical functions. In this way, the deviations are determined for the entire working area 3 of the three-axis machine tool 1.

[0053] The straightness deviation G of the X-axis is calculated in the same manner. Here, the position in the X-axis direction is assigned the position deviation P in the Y and Z directions, respectively. The difference between the actual position and the nominal position in the Y direction is due to the fact that the centers of the holes in the hole rows 23, 24 and the reference hole 26 on the step region 25 are determined. The difference between the actual position and the nominal position in the Z direction is due to the reference surfaces 28, 29 and the cutting step surface 26a on the base plate 20. Mathematical pre-processing and approximation are also possible here.

[0054] After calculating the compensation data for the position deviation and straightness deviation of the X-axis, all the measurement data of the actual position of the reference element are adjusted using the compensation data for the position deviation of the X-axis, the straightness deviation in the Y direction of the X-axis, and the straightness deviation in the Z direction of the X-axis, and further evaluated. At this time, it is preferable to assume that the actual position after adjustment has no error in the X direction. This allows the error in the Z direction to be calculated in the subsequent evaluation without the Z error being influenced by the error in the X direction. This is because it is necessary to move the X-axis so that the reference hole 26 can be measured at different Z-axis positions with the wall 21 positioned in the X direction.

[0055] In the next step, the perpendicularity error R of the X-axis and Y-axis can be calculated. To do so, two regression lines are calculated. The first regression line is generated from the X-axis positions of the reference elements on the base plate 2 along the X direction and their position deviation in the Y direction. The second regression line is generated from the Y-axis positions of the reference elements on the base plate 2 along the Y direction and their position deviation in the X direction. Then, the angle α between the two regression lines is calculated (see FIG. 3). The determined deviation can be used as it is as a correction value for error correction in the control unit 10.

[0056] Then, the actual positions of all reference elements in the measurement data are adjusted according to their Y positions based on the perpendicularity errors so that the measurement data does not contain any XY perpendicularity errors.

[0057] The position and straightness deviations of the Y-axis are then calculated as in the case of the X-axis. For this, the difference between the actual and nominal positions along the Y-axis of the reference position on the base plate 2 is evaluated (see FIG. 3). This results in a table of the Y-axis positions of the three-axis machine tool together with the zero point and the positional deviations in the X, Y and Z directions at these Y-axis positions. This data can be further processed as in the case of the X-axis or can be directly transferred to the control 10 as compensation data for error compensation of the three-axis machine tool. In this case too, the compensation data must be extrapolated with the appropriate mathematical functions to define the entire working area 3.

[0058] After that, the actual positions of all the reference elements are adjusted using the correction data for the Y-axis position deviation and the two straightness deviations, and further evaluation is performed. At this time, it is preferable to assume that the actual positions after adjustment have no error in the Y direction. This allows the error in the Z direction to be calculated in further evaluation without being influenced by the error in the Y direction. This is because it is necessary to move the Y axis so that the hole 26 can be measured at different Z axis positions with the second wall 22 positioned in the Y direction.

[0059] In the next step, the perpendicularity of the X-axis and Z-axis is calculated. To do this, two regression lines are calculated. The first regression line is generated from the X-axis positions of the reference elements on the base plate 2 along the X-direction and their position deviation in the Z-direction. The second regression line is generated from the Z-axis positions of the reference elements on the first wall 21 (step triangle) along the X-direction and their position deviation in the X-direction. Then, the angle α between the two regression lines is calculated. The obtained deviation value can be used as it is as a correction value for error correction in the control unit 10.

[0060] Similarly, the perpendicularity between the Y and Z axes is calculated. The first regression line results from the Y-axis positions of the reference elements on the base plate 20 along the Y direction and their position deviation in the Z direction. The second regression line results from the Z-axis positions of the reference elements on the second wall 22 along the Y direction and their position deviation in the Y direction. The perpendicular deviation between these two lines can again be used directly as a correction value for error correction.

[0061] Then, the actual positions of all reference elements are adjusted in the measurement data according to their Z positions based on the perpendicularity errors so that the measurement data does not contain XZ perpendicularity errors and YZ perpendicularity errors.

[0062] In the final step, the geometric deviation of the Z axis is calculated. For this purpose, the reference elements (reference hole 26 and cut step surface 26a) of the two triangular walls 21, 22 are used. Since the errors of the X axis and Y axis and the three perpendicularity errors have already been calculated from the measurement data in the previous evaluation, in this step, it is assumed that the process in the X direction or Y direction required for the step measurement does not affect the geometric deviation of the Z axis.

[0063] This allows the position deviation of the Z axis to be determined by evaluating the difference between the actual and the target positions of the reference positions in the Z direction on both walls 21, 22. Since the zero point of the measuring body 2 and the positions of the reference elements relative to the zero point are known, the determined difference can be assigned to Z axis positions of the three-axis machine tool. As a result, a table of Z axis positions is created, which can be used directly as compensation data for error compensation of the three-axis machine tool. This data can be further processed as for the X and Y axes or can be used directly as compensation data. In this case too, the compensation data can be extrapolated using appropriate mathematical functions.

[0064] The straightness deviation of the Z axis is determined in a similar way to the other axes. Here, the position deviation in the Y or X direction is assigned to the position of the Z axis. The difference between the actual position and the nominal position is attributed to the determined hole center. Further processing of the straightness deviation can be performed in the same way as for the position deviation of the Z axis.

[0065] In this way, all geometric errors except yaw, pitch and roll can be verified and corrected using the measuring body 2. Since in this case linear errors usually occur, which can be smoothly extrapolated, the method is particularly suitable for the correction of three-axis machine tool geometries after changes in thermal conditions. The method can also be used to adapt the geometry of three-axis machine tools to materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, when the temperature of the working area differs from the reference temperature.

[0066] In addition to the above written description of the invention, explicit reference is made to the diagrammatic illustrations of the invention in Figures 1-4 for supplemental disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0067] 1 3 axis machine tool 2 Measurement object 3 Working area 4 Spindle 5. Measuring device (3D probe) 6 workbench 10 Control section 20 Base Plate 20a First Edge 20b Second Edge 20c Third Edge 20d 4th edge 21 1st wall 22 Second wall 23 1st hole row 23a First row of holes 24 2nd hole row 24a Holes in the second row 25 Step Area 25a Step 26 Reference hole 26a Cutting step surface 27 Corner Line 28 1st reference plane 29 Second reference plane 30 common hole 31 1st straight line 32 Second straight line G Straightness deviation R verticality P position deviation XX axis YY axis ZZ axis

Claims

1. A measuring body for verifying geometric deviation in a three-axis machine tool (1), comprising: A base plate (20); a first wall (21) disposed on the base plate (20) and protruding perpendicularly therefrom; a second wall (22) disposed on the base plate (20) and protruding perpendicularly therefrom; Equipped with The base plate (20) is formed with a first row of holes (23) and a second row of holes (24), The first wall (21) has a step region (25) having a plurality of steps (25a) in its upper exposed region, The second wall (22) has a step region (25) having a plurality of steps (25a) in an upper exposed region. Measurement body.

2. 2. The measuring body according to claim 1, wherein the first wall (21) is arranged along a first edge (20a) of the base plate (20), the second wall (22) is arranged along a second edge (20b) of the base plate (20), the first row of holes (23) is arranged along a third edge (20c) of the base plate (20), and the second row of holes (24) is arranged along a fourth edge (20d) of the base plate (20).

3. 3. The measuring body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first wall (21) and the second wall (22) adjoin each other at a corner of the base plate (20).

4. The measuring body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steps (25a) of the first wall (21) and the second wall (22) have equal step heights and / or equal step lengths and / or equal number of steps.

5. 5. The measuring body according to claim 1, wherein each step (25a) has a ground or milled step surface (26a) and a reference hole (26).

6. A measuring body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a first reference surface (28) is arranged adjacent to the first row of holes (23) as a reference in the Z direction, and a second reference surface (29) is arranged adjacent to the second row of holes (24) as a reference in the Z direction, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the base plate (20).

7. The measuring body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the holes of the first row of holes (23) are located on a first straight line (31) and / or the holes of the second row of holes (24) are located on a second straight line (32).

8. 7. The measuring body according to claim 6, wherein the first reference surface (28) and the second reference surface (29) are arranged in a strip and are parallel to the first row of holes (23) and the second row of holes (24).

9. A three-axis machine tool, A tool spindle (4), A measuring body (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, a measuring device (5) that can be clamped to the tool spindle (4) and that is configured to detect actual measurements of the measuring body (2) that is fixed to the three-axis machine tool (1); A control unit (10) configured to control the three-axis machine tool (1); Equipped with the control unit (10) is further configured to perform a nominal-actual comparison based on geometrical nominal values ​​of the dimensions of the measurement body (2) and actual measured values ​​of the measurement body (2) fixed to the three-axis machine tool (1), determined for the three-axis machine tool (1) by means of the measuring device (5), and to perform a correction of the geometrical data of the three-axis machine tool (1) in the control program of the control unit (10) in case of deviations between the nominal values ​​and the actual measured values. 3-axis machine tool.

10. 10. The three-axis machine tool according to claim 9, wherein the control unit comprises a memory in which the nominal values ​​of the measurement body (2) are stored.

11. 1. A method for verifying and correcting geometric deviations of a three-axis machine tool, comprising: clamping a measuring device (5) to a tool spindle (4) of the three-axis machine tool; A step of placing a measuring body (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in a working area (3) of the three-axis machine tool; moving to a plurality of positions of the measuring body (2) and collecting geometrical actual measurements of the three-axis machine tool using the measuring body (2); - performing a nominal / actual comparison between the stored nominal values ​​of the measurement body (2) and the geometrically measured actual values ​​to determine the geometric deviation; A step of correcting geometric deviation in a control unit (10) of the three-axis machine tool; A method comprising:

12. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the nominal value of the measuring body (2) is predetermined in a coordinate measuring machine, and the measuring body (2) is arranged in the working area (3) of the three-axis machine tool such that the coordinate system of the coordinate measuring machine on which the measuring body (2) is measured coincides with the coordinate system of the three-axis machine tool.

13. 13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein a temperature of the working area is detected during the measurement of the measuring body (2) on the three-axis machine tool (1) and a correction of the geometrical actual measurement is performed based on the detected temperature of the working area (3).

14. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the position deviation of each axis and the two straightness deviations of each axis are determined in the X-direction, the Y-direction and the Z-direction, respectively.

15. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, further comprising calculating a perpendicularity error between the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis.

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