Antenna Assembly and Related Methods - Patent application

Abstract

Antenna elements are provided having an orientation angle of 0 to 90 degrees from normal. A housing is provided to support the antenna elements. Among other features, each antenna element may include a dielectric filler to control electromagnetic coupling. The housing supporting the antenna assembly may be dish shaped and provides a ground reference.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (Related Applications) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 150,594, filed February 18, 2021, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of single and dual polarized antennas for indoor and outdoor applications, such as cellular (e.g., 5G, LTE) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. [Background technology]

[0003] This section introduces aspects that may be useful for promoting a better understanding of the described invention. Accordingly, the statements in this section are to be read in this light and not understood as admissions of what is or is not in the prior art.

[0004] Designing an antenna to meet a variety of electrical, mechanical and environmental conditions while maintaining acceptable operating parameters (eg, bandwidth, return loss, gain, isolation, steering) is a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0005] We describe various exemplary antenna assemblies that operate within acceptable operating parameters.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention can include an integrated antenna assembly. Such an assembly may include multiple antenna elements (e.g., 4, 8, 16, or 32 elements), multiple dielectric filler elements, multiple dielectric elements, and a housing to encapsulate and protect the multiple antennas, dielectric fillers, and dielectric elements and provide a ground reference for the assembly. In one exemplary embodiment, the antenna elements can include, for example, rectangular patch antenna elements.

[0007] Exemplary antenna elements may operate over one or more of the following exemplary non-limiting frequency bands: 24250 MHz to 27500 MHz, 26500 MHz to 29500 MHz, 27500 MHz to 28350 MHz, 37000 MHz to 40000 MHz, and 39500 MHz to 43500 MHz. Alternatively, the antenna elements may operate, for example, (i) below the above frequency bands (e.g., below 6000 MHz frequencies), (ii) between one of the above frequency bands, for example, 28350 to 37000 MHz, and / or (iii) above the above frequency bands.

[0008] In one embodiment, the assembly may include, for example, a wireless radio hub.

[0009] The housing of the antenna assembly may comprise one or more of (i) an end housing, (ii) a mid-housing, and (iii) an end housing cap, and may be constructed of a dielectric material (e.g., a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) material) or may be a die-cast housing. Each of the one or more mid-housings may comprise one or more opposing male and female connection elements for connecting the respective mid-housing to another of the mid-housings, or to one of the one or more end housings, or to one or more of the end housing caps. Further, each of the female connection elements may comprise a grooved slot for receiving one of the one or more opposing male connection elements, and each of the male connection elements may comprise, for example, a protruding tab.

[0010] In an embodiment, the antenna elements may be configured with an orientation angle between 0 and 90 degrees, for example. In one particular embodiment, the antenna elements may be configured with an orientation angle of 75 degrees. In another embodiment, the antenna elements may be configured with an orientation angle of 45 degrees. In yet another embodiment, the antenna elements may be configured with an angle of 0 degrees. Furthermore, some of the multiple antenna elements may be configured with an orientation angle of 45 degrees and one of the antenna elements of the multiple antenna elements may be configured with an orientation angle of 0 degrees.

[0011] Still further, the antenna assembly may comprise one or more poles, with each of the antenna elements being capacitively coupled to or directly attached to one or more of the one or more poles, and each of the one or more poles may comprise a tuning section that affects the electromagnetic properties (e.g., return loss) of each pole. In an embodiment, each such tuning section may comprise, among other things, a conductive layer formed over a diffusion barrier layer (e.g., a release conductive layer and a diffusion layer) to prevent solder from being pulled up to the respective pole of the tuning section.

[0012] In an embodiment, each of the dielectric filler elements of the assembly (i) may be configured between a respective pole of the antenna assembly and the housing to control the impedance of each pole, (ii) may comprise at least two structures, and (iii) may be constructed from an LCP material, or may alternatively be, for example, of unitary structure.

[0013] Additionally, in embodiments, one or more poles and / or housings of an antenna assembly of the present invention may each include one or more alignment structures.

[0014] In addition to the exemplary embodiments described above, we describe an antenna assembly that includes a housing that may be configured in a dish shape. Such dish-shaped housing may further include a substantially flat, circular central top surface having a plurality of angled ribs extending from a periphery of the central top surface toward a periphery of a substantially flat, circular bottom surface, each rib configured at a substantially 45 degree angle from the top surface.

[0015] Additionally, angled concave portions may be defined between adjacent ribs, and each angled concave portion may be further configured with at least two openings, the ribs and openings being configured at an angle corresponding to, for example, 45 degrees.

[0016] Alternatively, in one embodiment, a top surface of such an antenna assembly may include at least one recessed portion configured with at least two openings, the top surface and the two openings configured at 0 degrees.

[0017] In yet another embodiment, each angled concave portion may be configured with one aperture, and the ribs and apertures may be configured at an angle corresponding to 45 degrees.

[0018] In a monopolar variation, the top surface may include at least one recessed portion configured with an opening, the top surface and the opening configured at 0 degrees.

[0019] Housings of other shapes are also provided by the inventors. For example, the antenna assembly may comprise a "doughnut-shaped" housing. Such a housing may further comprise a substantially flat central peripheral structure having a plurality of angled ribs extending from the periphery of the structure towards the periphery of a substantially flat circular bottom surface, each rib may be configured at an angle of substantially 45 degrees from the structure, and an angled concave portion may be configured between adjacent ribs. Each angled concave portion may be configured with at least two openings (bipolar version), the ribs and openings configured at an angle corresponding to 45 degrees, or may be configured with one opening (monopolar version), again, the ribs and openings configured at an angle corresponding to 45 degrees.

[0020] Further description of these and additional embodiments is provided by the drawings, the annotations contained in the drawings, and the language of the claims contained below, which are incorporated herein by reference in an expanded form, i.e., hierarchically from broadest to narrowest, with each possible combination being indicated by reference to multiple dependent claims that are presented as a unique and independent embodiment. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numbers indicate similar elements and in which:

[0022] [Figure 1A] 1 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 1B] 1A-1D illustrate different views of an exemplary antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] 1A-1D illustrate different views of an exemplary antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Diagram 2] 1A-1C depict front views of the exemplary antenna assembly of FIG. 1A according to one embodiment. [Figure 3A] 1 illustrates a view of a housing component of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 3B] 1 illustrates a view of a housing component of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 3C] 1 illustrates a view of a housing component of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 4A] 1 shows a diagram of an antenna assembly of the present invention according to one embodiment. [Figure 4B] 1A-1D show different exemplary views of an antenna assembly of the present invention according to one embodiment. [Figure 5A] 1 shows a diagram of an antenna assembly of the present invention that allows the reader to see the elements of the assembly enclosed within the housing of the assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 5B] 1A-1C show different views of the antenna assembly of the present invention, allowing the reader to see the elements of the assembly enclosed within the housing of the assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 5C] 1A-1C show different views of the antenna assembly of the present invention, allowing the reader to see the elements of the assembly enclosed within the housing of the assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] 1 illustrates a cross-section of an antenna assembly of the present invention showing a pair of patch antenna pole elements according to one embodiment. [Figure 7A] 1 shows a diagram of an antenna assembly of the present invention including a dielectric filler element according to one embodiment. [Figure 7B] 1A-1D show different views of an antenna assembly of the present invention including a dielectric filler element according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] 4 illustrates an exemplary process that may be used to assemble the antenna assembly of the present invention according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] 1 illustrates another embodiment of an exemplary inventive integrated antenna assembly in accordance with one embodiment. [Figure 10A] 1 shows an illustrative diagram of a single antenna separated from its housing for ease of illustration, according to one embodiment. [Figure 10B] 1 illustrates anti-wicking features of the poles of an antenna element according to one embodiment. [Figure 10C] 1 illustrates anti-wicking features of the poles of an antenna element according to one embodiment. [Figure 10D] 1 illustrates anti-wicking features of the poles of an antenna element according to one embodiment. [Figure 11] 10 illustrates an exemplary process that may be used to assemble the inventive antenna assembly shown in FIG. 9, according to one embodiment. [Figure 12A] 4 illustrates an exemplary simulated measurement of return loss of an antenna assembly in accordance with one embodiment. [Figure 12B] 4 illustrates an exemplary simulated measurement of return loss of an antenna assembly in accordance with one embodiment. [Figure 13A] 4 illustrates an exemplary simulated measurement of gain of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 13B] 1 provides exemplary simulated measurements of gain of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 13C] 4 illustrates an exemplary simulated measurement of gain of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 13D] 4 illustrates an exemplary simulated measurement of gain of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 14A] 4 illustrates exemplary simulated isolation measurements of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 14B] 4 illustrates exemplary simulated isolation measurements of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 15A] It shows undesirable distortion or misshaping of the poles of the antenna elements. [Figure 15B] 1 illustrates an exemplary inventive solution to distortion and misshape, according to an embodiment. [Figure 15C] 13 illustrates another exemplary inventive solution to distortion and misshape, according to an embodiment. [Figure 15D] 1 illustrates an exemplary alignment structure according to an embodiment. [Figure 16A] 1 illustrates yet another exemplary inventive integrated antenna assembly, according to one embodiment. [Figure 16B] 16B shows another view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A. [Figure 16C] FIG. 16B shows a side view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A. [Figure 16D] FIG. 16B is a top view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A. [Figure 17] For ease of explanation, the assembly of the present invention is shown in FIG. 16A separated into its respective exemplary components. [Figure 18A] FIG. 16B illustrates a top isometric view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A having a transparent housing. [Figure 18B] FIG. 16B illustrates a bottom isometric view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A having a transparent housing. [Figure 18C] FIG. 16B illustrates a side isometric view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A having a transparent housing. [Figure 19A] 16B illustrates another top view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A with the housing removed. [Figure 19B] 16B illustrates another bottom view of the assembly of the present invention shown in FIG. 16A with the housing removed. [Figure 20A] 1 illustrates another exemplary integrated antenna assembly of the present invention. [Figure 20B] 1 illustrates another exemplary integrated antenna assembly of the present invention. [Figure 20C] 1 illustrates an antenna housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 21A] 1 illustrates another exemplary integrated antenna assembly of the present invention. [Figure 21B] 1 illustrates another exemplary integrated antenna assembly of the present invention. [Figure 21C] 1 illustrates an antenna housing according to one embodiment.

[0023] Particular embodiments of the present invention are disclosed below with reference to various drawings and schematic diagrams. Both the description and the illustrations have been drafted with the intention of enhancing understanding. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements, and well-known elements that are beneficial or even necessary for commercially successful implementation may not be depicted so as to make the embodiments less ambiguous and more clear. Furthermore, the dimensions and other parameters described herein are merely exemplary and non-limiting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0024] Simplicity and clarity in both illustration and description are required to effectively enable a person skilled in the art to make, use, and best practice the present disclosure in light of what is already known in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. As such, the specification and drawings should be considered illustrative and exemplary, rather than restrictive or comprehensive, and all such modifications to the specific embodiments described herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, it should be understood that the following detailed description describes representative embodiments and is not intended to be limited to the combination(s) expressly disclosed. Thus, unless otherwise specified, features disclosed herein may be combined together to form additional combinations not otherwise described or shown for purposes of brevity.

[0025] As used herein and in the appended claims, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to refer to a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article of manufacture, device, or apparatus (e.g., a connector) that includes a list of elements does not include only those elements on the list, but may also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article of manufacture, device, or apparatus. As used herein, the terms "a" or "an" are defined as one or more than one. As used herein, the term "plurality" is defined as two or more than two. As used herein, the term "another" is defined as at least a second or more. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the use of relational terms, such as "first" and "second," "top," "bottom," and the like, if any, are used only to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action, and in so doing do not necessarily require or imply an actual relationship, priority, importance, or order between such entities or actions.

[0026] As used herein, the term "coupled" means that at least the electric field energy associated with a current in one conductor is impressed onto another conductor that is not galvanically connected. Stated differently, the word "coupled" is not limited to either a mechanical connection, a galvanic electric connection, or a magnetic field-mediated electromagnetic interaction, but may include one or more such connections, unless its meaning is limited by the context of a particular description herein.

[0027] The use of "or" or "and / or" herein is defined to be inclusive (A, B, or C means any one or any two or all three letters) and not exclusive (unless expressly stated to be exclusive). Thus, the use of "and / or" in some cases should not be construed to imply that the use of "or" in other places means that the use of "or" is exclusive.

[0028] The terms "including" and / or "having", as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language).

[0029] It should also be noted that one or more exemplary embodiments may be described as a method. Although the method may be described in a representative sequence (i.e., sequentially), it should be understood that such methods may be performed in parallel, jointly, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of each variant step within a method may be permuted. The described method may be terminated when completed, or may include additional steps not described herein, for example, if such steps are known to those of skill in the art.

[0030] As used herein, "rectangle" refers to a geometry that includes a "square" geometry as an exemplary subset of rectangular geometry.

[0031] As used herein, the terms "embodiment" or "exemplary" refer to examples within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0032] 1A-1C, different views of an exemplary inventive integrated antenna assembly 1 are shown, according to one embodiment. As shown, the assembly 1 may be a combination of a rectangular dipole "patch" antenna and an antenna assembly (although a monopole antenna assembly is also within the scope of this disclosure) that mechanically and electrically connects to telecommunications equipment (e.g., transmitter, receiver, not shown) operating at exemplary millimeter wave frequencies. Exemplary frequency bands are provided in Table 1 below.

[0033] (Table 1) 24250MHz~27500MHz 26500MHz~29500MHz 27500MHz~28350MHz 37000MHz~40000MHz 39500MHz~43500MHz

[0034] Notwithstanding the above frequency bands, it should be understood that the exemplary antenna assembly may operate in frequency bands different from those above. For example, the alternative bands may be (i) below the above frequency bands (e.g., below 6000 MHz frequencies), (ii) between one of the above frequency bands, e.g., between 28350-37000 MHz, and / or (iii) above the above frequency bands.

[0035] One exemplary application of the antenna assembly 1 of the present invention is, for example, a wireless radio hub.

[0036] FIG. 2 shows a front view of an exemplary antenna 1, which includes, among other components, a plurality of central substantially rectangular patch antenna elements 3a-3n (where "n" indicates the last element), a plurality of dielectric filler elements 8a-8n, a plurality of dielectric elements 9a-9n, and a housing 2 for encapsulating and protecting elements 3a-3n, 8a-8n, 6a-6n, and 9a-9n, and for providing a ground reference and precise spacing / pitch of elements 3a-3n, 5a-5n, 8a-8n, and 9a-9n, among other elements. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, assembly 1 includes eight patch antenna elements 3a-3n, although this is merely exemplary and more or fewer elements (e.g., 4, 16, 32, etc.) may be included in an assembly of the present invention. For ease of explanation, antenna elements 3a-3d may be referred to as being part of the "upper antenna" and elements 3e-3n may be referred to as being part of the "lower antenna."

[0037] An exemplary housing 2 is shown with a single end housing 2a, three intermediate housings 2b-2d, and a single end housing cap 2e, each of which may, for example, protect or be associated with one or more elements 3a-3n. It should be understood that this number of end housings, intermediate housings, and housing end caps is also exemplary, and more or less such housing components may be included, depending, for example, on the number of elements 3a-3n. In one embodiment, the housing may be constructed from a dielectric material (e.g., liquid crystal polymer or "LCP") having the correct physical and mechanical properties to promote proper mechanical and environmental performance as well as a dielectric constant and plating to promote proper electrical performance. In an alternative embodiment, the housing may be a die cast housing.

[0038] 3A-3C show additional views of single end housing 2a, intermediate housings 2b-2d, and single end housing cap 2e without elements 3a-3n enclosed therein, according to one embodiment. As shown, each housing (e.g., 2a-2e) may be configured to include one or more channels 11a-11n. In one embodiment, each channel 11a-11n may be configured to receive, among other components, a longitudinal transmission portion (hereinafter, "longitudinal portion") of an electrode (longitudinal portions are not shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, but see components 14a, 14aa, 15a, and 15aa in FIGS. 5C and 6).

[0039] 4A and 4B show exemplary dimensions of the assembly 1 of the present invention, however, it should be understood that these dimensions are merely exemplary and other dimensions may be used depending on the number of elements 3a-3n (which may be, for example, 20.9 mm, 18.5 mm, or 12 mm in height) and / or the orientation angle of the assembly 1 (i.e., the inclination of the elements 2a-2n of the assembly 1 from the vertical axis). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, the assembly 1 is made up of elements 3a-3n having an orientation angle 4 of 75 degrees, which is also exemplary. In additional embodiments, this angle may include angles between 0 and 90 degrees, for example.

[0040] In FIG. 4B, the dimension is indicated by "PI" (for "pitch"). This dimension may be measured from the centerline of one element (e.g., 3e) to the centerline of another adjacent element (e.g., 3a or 3f). It should be understood that according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the value of the pitch dimension between each element may change as the operating frequency of elements 3a-3n changes (e.g., the pitch of a patch antenna operating at 24250 MHz will be different from the pitch of a patch antenna operating at 37000 MHz).

[0041] 5A-5C, there is shown a view of assembly 1 in which housing 2 is transparent. It should be understood that the transparent housing 2 is shown to allow the reader to see how the elements of assembly 1 are encapsulated by housing 2. For example, although longitudinal portions 14a, 14aa and 15a, 15aa of electrodes 5b, 6b and 5e, 6e, respectively, are shown, it should be understood that in a monopolar version, only one longitudinal portion is required.

[0042] 6, a cross section of the assembly 1 is shown. More specifically, three central patch antenna elements 3a, 3b and 3e are shown. In one embodiment, each element 3a-3n may be capacitively coupled to or directly attached to poles 5a-5n, 6a-6n (only a few poles are shown in the figure). For example, patch element 3a may be capacitively coupled to or directly attached to poles 5a, 6a, patch element 3b may be capacitively coupled to poles 5b, 6b, and patch element 3e may be capacitively coupled to poles 5e, 6e, where it should be understood that in the illustrated bi-pole embodiment, one pole enables the exemplary patch antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along one linear axis (e.g., the x-axis) at a certain frequency, and the other pole enables the patch antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along another orthogonal linear axis (e.g., the y-axis) (i.e., the relative orthogonal orientation of each individual pole within each pair represents a bi-pole patch antenna configuration). For clarity, for example, each antenna element 3a-3d of the top antenna 1a may be associated with a "long electrode" ("long pole" for short) and a "short electrode" ("short pole") (e.g., for element 3b, long pole 6b with longitudinal portion 14a and short pole 5b with longitudinal portion 14aa), and each element 3e-3n of the bottom antenna 1b may also be associated with a long pole and a short pole (e.g., for element 3e, long pole 6e with longitudinal portion 15a and short pole 5e with longitudinal portion 15aa). Again, it will be understood that in a monopole version, only one longitudinal portion is required.

[0043] An exemplary tuning section 7 is also shown. Although only a single tuning section 7 is labeled for ease of understanding (i.e., not all of the tuning sections are labeled in FIG. 6), each pole 5a-5n, 6a-6n may include such a tuning section 7. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, each tuning section (e.g., section 7) functions to affect the electromagnetic properties of each pole 5a-5n, 6a-6n. For example, pole 6b may include tuning section 7. In one embodiment, the tuning section may include a so-called "dog-bone" shaped section that functions to affect the electromagnetic coupling properties of each pole (e.g., the longer the "dog-bone" section, the greater the effect on the dipole). In this manner, the electromagnetic properties of the monopole or dipole antenna may be controlled to achieve a desired set of design criteria (e.g., maximizing the return loss of each pole (minimizing reflections) for optimal overall performance).

[0044] In addition to the elements mentioned above, as previously mentioned, each assembly 1 may further comprise one or more dielectric filler elements. Referring now to Figure 7A, there is shown a central rectangular patch antenna element 3e, 3f, each of which is associated with a bipole 5e, 6e or 5f, 6f, respectively (wherein a signal may be transmitted from the end of each pole), and at least one dielectric filler element 8e, 8f is arranged between the respective bipole pair 5e, 6e and / or 5f, 6f, respectively, and the housing 2. Although only filler elements 8e, 8f are shown in Figure 7A, it should be understood that at least one respective dielectric filler element 8a-8n is arranged between the bipole pair 5a-5n or 6a-6n and the housing 2, and that the monopole version also includes such a dielectric filler element.

[0045] In one embodiment, each dielectric filler element 8a-8n associated with each pole of the antenna element can function to fill air gaps to control the impedance of the individual poles 5a-5n or 6a-6n, and can be constructed from a material (e.g., LCP, an example of which is LCP, Model LKX1761, Zenite LCP, from Celanese Corporation) with a dielectric constant that functions to provide precise physical and mechanical properties that facilitate desired electrical, mechanical and environmental performance.

[0046] FIG. 7B illustrates a single central rectangular patch antenna element 3e, a corresponding exemplary dielectric filler element 8e, and a dielectric element 9d. As illustrated, the dielectric filler element 8e may comprise a single structure, but alternatively, the single structure may be separated into at least two structures. It should be understood that in an embodiment, the dielectric filler elements of the present invention may be (i) configured as separate parts and assembled to a housing as individual parts, and / or (ii) assembled into a dipole or monopole antenna to create an antenna subassembly and then assembled to a housing. Furthermore, in another embodiment, a dielectric filler material element may not be required because the geometry of the antenna components and / or the housing does not require impedance control (i.e., is configured to control impedance without the need for filler material).

[0047] 8, an exemplary process that may be used to assemble an inventive antenna assembly, such as assembly 1, according to a disclosed embodiment is shown. In FIG. 8, intermediate housings 2b-2d may each comprise one or more opposing male and female connection elements 10a-10n, 12a-12n (where "n" represents the last male / female element), with each pair of opposing male and female elements functioning to connect (i.e., mate) with one another to connect each intermediate housing to either (i) another intermediate housing (e.g., 2c-2b, 2d-2c), (ii) end housing 2a, or (iii) end housing tab 2e, e.g., with a respective antenna element therebetween. Furthermore, the end housing 2a may include one or more female elements 12a-12n, each of which functions to connect to a male element 10a-10n of an intermediate housing (e.g., 2a-2b), e.g., with a respective antenna element therebetween, and the end housing tab 2e may include one or more male connection elements 10a-10n, each of which functions to connect to a female connection element 10a-10n of an intermediate housing (e.g., 2e-2d), e.g., with a respective antenna element therebetween. It should be understood that the male and female connection elements of the assembly 1 can be reversed and still constitute the assembly 1. By constructing the assembly 1 in housing sections, the assembly 1 can be said to be a modular assembly. It should be understood, however, that the assembly of the present invention may also comprise a non-modular configuration (e.g., unitary structure).

[0048] In one embodiment, each female connection element 12a-n can include a grooved slot in the housing elements 2a-2e for receiving an opposing male connection element 10a-10n, and each of the male connection elements 10a-10n can include a tab protruding from a surface of the housing elements 2a-2e. Other structures for assembling the assembly 1 (other than male and female mating connection elements) can be used as well.

[0049] Referring now to FIG. 9, another embodiment of an exemplary inventive integrated antenna assembly 100 according to one embodiment is shown. As shown, the assembly 100 may be a combination of rectangular dipole "patch" antenna elements 300a-300n ("n" indicates the last antenna element, but as mentioned above, monopole antenna assemblies are also within the scope of this disclosure) that mechanically and electrically connect to a telecommunications device (e.g., transmitter, receiver, not shown) operating at, for example, millimeter wave frequencies. Exemplary and non-limiting operating frequency bands are provided in Table 1 above. One exemplary application of the inventive antenna assembly 100 is, for example, a wireless radio hub. Notwithstanding such frequency ranges, it should be understood that the exemplary antenna assembly 100 may operate at frequencies below the above ranges (e.g., frequencies below 6000 MHz).

[0050] As FIG. 9 illustrates, rather than using an orientation angle of 75 degrees, the exemplary antenna assembly 100 may be configured as an assembly with an orientation angle of 0 degrees (from the vertical axis).

[0051] In one embodiment, in addition to the multiple dipole antenna elements 300a-300n, the assembly 100 may comprise a housing 200 to encapsulate and protect the elements 300a-300n, provide a ground reference, and establish precise spacing / pitch of the antenna elements 300a-300n, among other elements / components. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the assembly 100 includes 16 central rectangular patch antenna elements 300a-300n, however this is merely exemplary and more or less elements (e.g., 4, 8, 32, etc.) may be included in an assembly of the present invention. Additionally, while the exemplary housing 200 is shown to comprise a unitary structure, it should be understood that this is also exemplary and that alternatively, a single housing may be separated into two or more modular housings. In one embodiment, the housing 200 may be constructed from a dielectric (e.g., LCP) having a dielectric constant and plating that promotes proper electrical performance along with precise physical and mechanical properties that promote proper mechanical and environmental performance. In an alternative embodiment, the housing may be die cast.

[0052] 9 also shows example dimensions of the assembly 100. In an embodiment, the pitch between elements, denoted as "P2" (for "pitch"), measured from the centerline of one element 300n to the centerline of another adjacent element 300n-1 (i.e., the penultimate antenna), may vary as the desired operating frequency of elements 300a-300n changes (e.g., the pitch between patch antennas operating at 24250 MHz will be different than the pitch between patch antennas operating at 37000 MHz).

[0053] 10A shows an illustrative view of a single element 300d separated from its housing 200 for ease of illustration. In one embodiment, each patch element 300a-300n may be capacitively coupled to or directly attached to a pole 500a-500n, 600a-600n. It should be understood that, for example, patch element 300d may be capacitively coupled to poles 500d, 600d in this bi-pole embodiment, one pole enables the exemplary patch antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along one linear axis (e.g., the x-axis) at a certain frequency, and the other pole enables the patch antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along another orthogonal linear axis (e.g., the y-axis) (i.e., the relative orthogonal orientation of each individual pole within each pair represents a bi-pole patch antenna configuration).

[0054] 10B, it should be understood that each pole 500a-500n, 600a-600n can include tuning sections 700a-700n (only two, 700a, 700b, are shown in FIG. 10B) that function to affect the electromagnetic properties of each pole 500a-500n, 600a-600n. In one embodiment, each tuning section 700a-700n may include a "dog-bone" shaped section that functions to affect the electromagnetic properties of each dipole (e.g., the longer the "dog-bone" section, the greater the effect on the dipole; see section 7 of FIG. 8). In this manner, the electromagnetic properties of the monopole or dipole antenna elements can be controlled to achieve a desired set of design criteria (e.g., maximizing the return loss of the pole transmission line (minimizing reflections) for optimal overall performance).

[0055] Moreover, FIG. 10B also illustrates additional features of the assembly of the present invention. For example, each tuning section 700a-700n (only two are shown as 700a,b) may be formed as a multi-layer section in which an exemplary conductive layer (e.g., gold) may be formed over an exemplary diffusion barrier layer (e.g., nickel). In one embodiment, the conductive layer may be removed or stripped in a post-plating process, for example by a laser (or may not be added initially). As a result, the diffusion barrier layer of each tuning section is exposed to the atmosphere and an oxide forms on the exposed layer. Such stripped portions of the pole may be referred to as "anti-wicking" sections because the oxide prevents the solder from being pulled up ("wicked up") from the soldering joint to the pole during the reflow soldering process used to connect the pole to a substrate (e.g., a printed wiring board). The solder remains close to the solder joint because it cannot be pulled up. This improves the reliability of the solder joint. In other words, when the oxide does not form (when the conductive layer is not stripped), the solder is pulled or "wicked" away from the joint, leaving less solder at the solder joint and resulting in a weaker joint (i.e., a less reliable solder joint).

[0056] Furthermore, when the solder is drawn up onto the pole (in the absence of the anti-wicking section), the solder may not be distributed evenly across the portion of the pole where it is flowing or has flowed. Such uneven distribution may adversely affect the electrical performance (return loss, voltage resistance) of the pole and therefore of the assembly of the present invention. Conversely, the incorporation of an anti-wicking section into the pole improves electrical performance by eliminating the problem of uneven distribution of the solder and substantially not allowing the solder to flow up the pole.

[0057] Exemplary non-limiting dimensions of anti-wicking tuned sections 700a, 700b are also shown in FIG. 10C.

[0058] 10A-10C show anti-wicking features of an antenna assembly having an orientation angle of 0 degrees, it should be understood that anti-wicking features may be incorporated into assemblies having different orientation angles other than 0 degrees. For example, FIG. 10D shows anti-wicking tuned section numbers 7000, 700b, and 7000c for an antenna assembly having an orientation angle of, for example, 75 degrees (see previous figures, e.g., FIG. 6).

[0059] It will be appreciated that each pair of poles 500a-500n, 600a-600n may be associated with at least one corresponding dielectric filler element 800a-800n (where "n" refers to the last element), and in monopole embodiments, the monopole is associated with a corresponding dielectric filler element. It will be appreciated that poles 500d, 600d and at least one dielectric filler element 800d, respectively, are shown in Figure 10A, and that at least one respective dielectric filler element 800a-800n is associated with each pole 500a-500n, 600a-600n, but these are not shown in Figures 9 or 10A.

[0060] In one embodiment, each dielectric filler element 800a-800n associated with each pole of the antenna element can function to fill an air gap to control the impedance of the individual pole, and can be constructed from a material (e.g., LCP, an example of which is LCP, Model LKX1761, Zenite LCP) with a dielectric constant that functions to provide precise physical and mechanical properties that facilitate desired electrical, mechanical and environmental performance.

[0061] Although the dielectric filler element 800d is shown as a single structure, alternatively, the single structure may be separated into at least two structures. As previously discussed, it should be understood that in embodiments, the dielectric filler elements of the present invention may (i) be constructed as separate parts and assembled to the housing as individual parts, and / or (ii) be assembled to the antenna, creating an antenna subassembly, which is then assembled to the housing. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the dielectric filler element may not be required because the geometry of the antenna components and / or the housing does not require impedance control (i.e., is configured to control impedance without the need for filler material).

[0062] 11, there is shown an exemplary simplified process that may be used to assemble an antenna assembly of the present invention, such as assembly 100, according to an embodiment. In the simplified embodiment, a dielectric filler element 800a may first be placed at a corner of the housing 200. An antenna element 300a having poles 500a, 600a may then be placed within the housing 200 to form a portion of the assembly 100 (or the entire assembly 100, if only a single element is present).

[0063] 12A, 12B, 13A-13D, and 14A, 14B provide exemplary graphs of simulated measurements of return loss, gain, and single element pole-to-pole isolation for antenna assemblies of the present invention similar to Assembly 1 and Assembly 100, respectively. More specifically, FIG. 12A shows the return loss for a 75 degree orientation using antenna elements arranged in a four-antenna linear array (lower antenna), and FIG. 12B shows the return loss for a 0 degree orientation. FIG. 13A and 13B show the gain at two different frequencies for a 75 degree orientation using antenna elements arranged in a four-antenna linear array (lower antenna), and FIG. 13C and 13D show the gain at two different frequencies for a 0 degree orientation. FIG. 14A shows the isolation measurements for a 75 degree orientation using antenna elements arranged in a four-antenna linear array (lower antenna), and FIG. 14B shows the isolation measurements for a 0 degree orientation.

[0064] 15A, exemplary poles 5000a, 6000a of an antenna assembly (e.g., a 75 degree orientation angle assembly) are shown. During formation of the poles 5000a, 6000a, the ends of the poles may become distorted or misshaped (collectively "misshaped"), for example, by a distance d1. When this occurs, the desired electrical properties of the poles 5000a, 6000a, and therefore their associated assemblies, may be degraded (e.g., expected return loss, impedance, and withstand voltage may not be met).

[0065] In experiments, the inventors have found that the dimensions of the 75 degree oriented poles should be controlled so that the ends are not distorted or otherwise misshaped by more than 0.50 mm (0.020 inches, i.e., d1 is less than 0.50 mm) to avoid undesirable degradation of the electrical properties of the poles 5000a, 6000a and the assembly.

[0066] Therefore, the inventors provide a solution to control the dimensions of the pole ends. With reference to Figures 15B and 15C, in one embodiment, such undesirable effects can be minimized by incorporating alignment structures into the assembly. For example, each pole 6001a,b and 6002a,b may include one or more alignment structures (e.g., bias bumps) 6003a-6003n. Alternatively or additionally, the housing 6004 may incorporate one or more alignment structures (e.g., bias blocks) 6005-6005n (see Figures 15B and 15C). The inventors have discovered that by incorporating alignment structures, the shape of the poles can be controlled (e.g., the poles can be centered in the housing cavity) to avoid undesirable electrical effects (e.g., the impedance can be controlled and therefore the return loss can be controlled).

[0067] 15D, in an embodiment, one or more short poles 6006a-6006n may be configured with one or more alignment structures (e.g., bias bumps) 6007a-6007n to constrain the position (e.g., vertically up or down) of the short pole (or poles) relative to a standoff on a printed circuit board (not shown). This may be referred to as SMT coplanarity control.

[0068] 16A, yet another embodiment of an exemplary inventive integrated antenna assembly 1000 is shown. As shown, the assembly 1000 may comprise a plurality of dipole antenna elements 3000a-3000n and 3001a ("n" indicates the last antenna element, but as mentioned above, monopole antenna assemblies are also within the scope of this disclosure) that mechanically and electrically connect to a telecommunications device (e.g., transmitter, receiver, not shown) operating at, for example, millimeter wave frequencies. Exemplary, non-limiting operating frequency bands are provided in Table 1 above. One exemplary application of the inventive antenna assembly 1000 is, for example, a wireless radio hub. Notwithstanding such frequency ranges, it should be understood that the exemplary antenna assembly 1000 may operate at frequencies below the above ranges (e.g., frequencies below 6000 MHz).

[0069] As shown in FIG. 16A, an exemplary antenna assembly 1000 may include multiple antenna elements 3000a-3000n (e.g., seven) configured at an orientation angle of 45 degrees from a vertical axis, and at least one antenna element 3001a configured at an orientation angle of 0 degrees. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16A, the assembly 1000 includes eight antenna elements 3000a-3000n, 3001a, although this is merely exemplary and more or fewer elements (e.g., 4, 16, 32, etc.) may be included in an assembly of the present invention. Although one element 3001a is shown at an orientation angle of 0 degrees, this is also merely exemplary (i.e., more than one or no elements may be included in the assembly 1000; see, e.g., FIGS. 20A-20C and 21A-21C). Similarly, although seven elements 3000a-3000n are shown at a 45 degree orientation angle, this is also merely by way of example (more or less than seven elements may be included in the assembly).

[0070] The assembly 1000 may also comprise a plurality of dielectric filler elements 8000a-8000n (e.g., one per antenna element), a plurality of dielectric elements 9000a-9000n (e.g., one per antenna element), and a housing 2000 to encapsulate and protect the elements 3000a-3000n, 3001a, 8000a-8000n and 9000a-9000n and provide a ground reference and precise spacing / pitch of the elements 3000a-3000n, 3001a, among other elements (see FIG. 16D for example pitch values).

[0071] Although the exemplary housing 2000 is shown to include a unitary structure, this is also by way of example only, and it should be understood that the housing 2000 may alternatively be comprised of, for example, one or more connected structures.

[0072] In one embodiment, the housing 2000 may be constructed from a dielectric material (e.g., liquid crystal polymer or "LCP") that has the correct physical and mechanical properties to facilitate proper mechanical and environmental performance as well as a dielectric constant and plating to facilitate proper electrical performance. In an alternative embodiment, the housing may be a die cast housing.

[0073] 16B, another view of the assembly 1000 is shown. This view is a bottom view of the assembly 1000. As shown, the assembly 1000 may include a plurality of electrical ground structures 2001a-2001n, where each ground structure is configured, for example, as an electrical ground for one antenna element 3000a-3000n or 3001a. In one embodiment, the ground structures 2001a-2001n may be constructed, for example, of LCP, to name one non-limiting material. In one embodiment, each of the ground structures 2001a-2001n may be configured to be connected, for example, to an electrical ground plane of a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0074] Also shown are a number of assembly alignment structures 2002a-2002n, each configured to be connected to a PCB to secure the assembly 1000 in place on the PCB. In one embodiment, the structures 2002a-2002n may be constructed from, for example, LCP, to name one non-limiting material. Additionally, the height of the structures 2002a-2002n may vary based on the thickness of the corresponding PCB to maintain mechanical alignment / attachment.

[0075] 16C and 16D show side and top views, respectively, of the assembly 1000. Exemplary pitch values ​​P3 and P4 are shown in FIG. 16D, where the pitch value P3 is at 45 degrees in the orientation angle elements 3000a-3000n, respectively, and the pitch value P4 is between the orientation angle elements 3000a-3000n and the 0 degree element 3001a in 45 degree increments. It should be understood that the pitch values ​​P3 and P4 are merely exemplary and may be varied based, for example, on the performance requirements of the assembly 1000. FIGS. 16C and 16D also show non-limiting exemplary dimensions of the assembly 1000.

[0076] Referring now to FIG. 17, for ease of explanation, the assembly 1000 is shown separated into its exemplary components.

[0077] As shown, the housing 2000 may include a plurality of antenna pole openings 2003a-n, each configured at a 45 degree orientation angle and adapted to receive an electrode of a dipole antenna element 3000a-n, and at least two antenna pole openings 2004a,b configured at a 0 degree orientation angle and adapted to receive an electrode of a dipole antenna element 3001a, respectively. In the embodiment shown herein, the housing 2000 may be configured in a "dish-shaped" configuration, where the housing includes a substantially flat, circular central top or first face 2006 having a plurality of angled ribs 2005a-n extending from the periphery of the face 2006 toward the periphery of a substantially flat, circular bottom or second face 2007. In one embodiment, each rib 2005a-n may be configured at a substantially 45 degree angle from the top face 2006. Additionally, between adjacent ribs, angled concave portions 2008a-2008n may be configured with at least two apertures 2003a-2003n (for bipolar embodiments), with the ribs and apertures configured at an angle corresponding to the angle of elements 3000a-3000n (e.g., 45 degrees). Additionally, upper surface 2006 may include at least one recess 2009 configured with at least two apertures 2003a-2003n, with surface 2006 and apertures 2004a,b configured at an angle corresponding to the angle of element 3001a (e.g., 0 degrees).

[0078] It should be appreciated that FIG. 17 illustrates a bi-pole embodiment of the assembly 1000 of the present invention. Alternatively, a similar housing may be configured for a mono-pole assembly. In such a case, the housing may include multiple antenna pole openings, each configured at a 45 degree orientation angle and configured to receive an electrode of a mono-pole antenna element 3000a-3000n, and one antenna pole opening configured at a 0 degree orientation angle and configured to receive an electrode of a mono-pole antenna element, respectively. In one embodiment, the housing may be configured in a "dish-shaped" configuration, the housing including a substantially flat, circular central top or first surface, the top surface having multiple angled ribs extending from a periphery of the top surface toward a periphery of a substantially flat, circular bottom or second surface. In one embodiment, each rib may be configured at an angle of substantially 45 degrees from the top surface. Additionally, angled concave portions may be configured between adjacent ribs, each angled concave portion may be configured with one opening (for a mono-pole embodiment), the ribs and openings configured at an angle corresponding to the angle of the element (e.g., 45 degrees). Additionally, the top surface may include at least one recess configured with an opening, the top surface and the opening configured at an angle corresponding to the angle of the element (eg, 0 degrees).

[0079] However, it should be understood that the dish-shaped configuration of the housing 2000 is a non-limiting example shape and that other shapes are within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the housing may include a donut-shaped housing as seen in Figures 20A-20C and 21A-21C.

[0080] 17 also separately illustrates an exemplary 0 degree orientation angle antenna element 3001a in which the dielectric filler element has not been removed from the housing 2000, and an exemplary 45 degree orientation angle antenna element 3000n in which the dielectric filler element 8000 has not been removed from the housing 2000. Finally, FIG. 17 separately illustrates a single dielectric filler element 8000. It should be understood that the following description applies to each of the 45 degree orientation angle antenna elements 3000a-3000n.

[0081] As shown, antenna element 3000n at a 45 degree orientation angle may be capacitively coupled to or directly attached to dipoles 5000n, 6000n, with one pole enabling the exemplary antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along one linear axis (e.g., the x-axis) at a certain frequency and the other pole enabling the patch antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along another orthogonal linear axis (e.g., the y-axis) (i.e., the relative orthogonal orientation of each individual pole within each pair represents a dipole antenna configuration).

[0082] Antenna element 3000n may, for example, include longitudinal portion 1400n for pole 5000n and longitudinal portion 1500n for pole 6000n.

[0083] In one embodiment, each longitudinal portion 1400n, 1500n may include an exemplary tuning section 7000n. According to one embodiment, the tuning section 7000n functions to affect the electromagnetic properties of each pole 5000n, 6000n. In one embodiment, the tuning section may include a so-called "dog-bone" shaped section that functions to affect the electromagnetic coupling properties of each pole (e.g., the longer the "dog-bone" section, the greater the effect on the dipole). In this way, the electromagnetic properties of the monopole or dipole antenna may be controlled to achieve a desired set of design criteria (e.g., maximizing the return loss of each pole (minimizing reflections) for optimal overall performance).

[0084] Similarly, the exemplary 0 degree orientation angle antenna element 3001a may be capacitively coupled to or directly attached to the dipole 5001a, 6001a, where again it will be understood that one pole enables the exemplary antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along one linear axis (e.g., the x-axis) at a certain frequency, and the other pole enables the patch antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along another orthogonal linear axis (e.g., the y-axis) (i.e., the relative orthogonal orientation of each individual pole in each pair represents a dipole antenna configuration).

[0085] Antenna element 3001a may, for example, include longitudinal portion 1401a for pole 5001a and longitudinal portion 1501an for pole 6001a.

[0086] In one embodiment, each longitudinal portion 1401a, 1501a may include an exemplary tuning section 7001a. According to one embodiment, the tuning section 7001a functions to affect the electromagnetic properties of each pole 5001a, 6001a. In one embodiment, the tuning section may include a so-called "dog-bone" shaped section that functions to affect the electromagnetic coupling properties of each pole (e.g., the longer the "dog-bone" section, the greater the effect on the dipole). In this way, the electromagnetic properties of the monopole or dipole antenna may be controlled to achieve a desired set of design criteria (e.g., maximizing the return loss of each pole (minimizing reflections) for optimal overall performance).

[0087] In addition to the elements mentioned above, Figure 17 illustrates an exemplary dielectric filler element 8000n. In one embodiment, each dielectric filler element 8000a-8000n associated with each antenna element 3000a-3000n and 3001a may be configured between a respective pair of poles (e.g., between poles 5000n and 6000n, or between poles 5001a, 6001a and housing 2000).

[0088] In one embodiment, each dielectric filler element 8000a-8000n associated with each pole of the antenna element can function to fill air gaps to control the impedance of the individual pole 5000a-5000n, 6000a-6000n, or 5001a, and can be constructed from a material of a dielectric constant that functions to provide precise physical and mechanical properties that facilitate desired electrical, mechanical and environmental performance (e.g., Celanese LCP, Model LKX1761, Zenite LCP).

[0089] As shown, the dielectric filler element 8000n may include a single structure, but alternatively, the single structure may be separated into at least two structures. It should be understood that in embodiments, the dielectric filler elements of the present invention may (i) be constructed as separate parts and assembled to the housing as individual parts, and / or (ii) be assembled to the antenna to create an antenna subassembly that is then assembled to the housing. Furthermore, in other embodiments, a dielectric filler element may not be required because the geometry of the antenna components and / or the housing does not require impedance control (i.e., is configured to control impedance without the need for filler material).

[0090] In the figure, each of the exemplary dielectric filler elements 8000a-8000n may be configured as a curved shaped element, and when inserted, each element is secured by friction between a portion of the periphery of the recess 2008a-2008n or 2009 and the respective pole associated with the antenna element.

[0091] Each tuning section 7000a-7000n, 7001a may be formed as a multi-layer section in which an exemplary conductive layer (e.g., gold) may be formed over an exemplary diffusion barrier layer (e.g., nickel). As previously explained, the conductive layer may be removed or stripped in a post-plating process, for example, by a laser (or may not be added initially). As a result, the diffusion barrier layer of each tuning section is exposed to the atmosphere and an oxide forms on the exposed layer. As previously indicated, such stripped portions of the poles may be referred to as "anti-wicking" sections that improve the reliability of the solder joint. In other words, when no oxide forms (when the conductive layer is not stripped), the solder is pulled up or "wicked" into the pole away from the joint, leaving less solder at the solder joint and weakening the joint (i.e., reducing the reliability of the solder joint).

[0092] As indicated above, when solder is drawn up onto the pole (in the absence of an anti-wicking section), the solder may not be distributed evenly across the portion of the pole through which it is flowing or has flowed. Such uneven distribution may adversely affect the electrical performance (return loss, withstand voltage) of the pole and therefore of the assembly 1000 of the present invention. Conversely, the incorporation of an anti-wicking section into the pole improves electrical performance by eliminating the problem of uneven distribution of solder and substantially not allowing the solder to flow up the pole.

[0093] 18A-18C, there are shown top, bottom and side isometric views of assembly 1000 in which housing 2000 is transparent. It should be understood that transparent housing 2000 is shown to allow the reader to see how the components of assembly 1000 are configured and enclosed by housing 2000.

[0094] Similarly, Figures 19A and 19B show additional top and bottom views, respectively, of how the components of assembly 1000 are configured (e.g., at a 45 degree orientation angle, except for central element 3001a), in this case with the housing completely removed.

[0095] 20A, another embodiment of an exemplary inventive integrated antenna assembly 10000 according to one embodiment is shown. As shown, the assembly 10000 may comprise a plurality of monopole or dipole antenna elements 10001a-10001n (where "n" indicates the last antenna element) that mechanically and electrically connect to a telecommunications device (e.g., transmitter, receiver, not shown) operating at, for example, millimeter wave frequencies. Exemplary and non-limiting operating frequency bands are provided in Table 1 above. One exemplary application of the inventive antenna assembly 10000 is, for example, a wireless radio hub. Notwithstanding such frequency ranges, it should be understood that the exemplary antenna assembly 10000 may operate at frequencies below the above ranges (e.g., frequencies below 6000 MHz).

[0096] 20A, an exemplary antenna assembly 10000 may include multiple antenna elements 10001a-10001n (e.g., 8, 16, or 32 elements) configured at an orientation angle of 45 degrees from a vertical axis. In comparison to the previously described assembly 1000, the antenna elements are not configured at an orientation angle of 0 degrees.

[0097] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20A, the assembly 10000 includes 32 antenna elements 10001a-10001n, however, this is merely by way of example and more or fewer elements (e.g., 4, 16, examples of the latter being shown in FIGS. 21A-21C) may be included in an assembly of the present invention.

[0098] The assembly 10000 may also include a plurality of dielectric filler elements 10002a-10002n (e.g., one for each antenna element), a plurality of dielectric elements 10003a-10003n (e.g., one for each antenna element), and a housing 10004 to encapsulate and protect the elements 10001a-10001n, 10002a-10002n, and 10003a-10003n and provide a ground reference and precise spacing / pitch of the elements 10001a-10001n, among other elements.

[0099] Although the exemplary housing 10004 is shown to include a single structure, again by way of example only, it should be understood that the housing 10004 may alternatively be comprised of, for example, two or more connected structures.

[0100] In one embodiment, the housing 10004 may be constructed from a dielectric material (e.g., liquid crystal polymer or "LCP") that has the correct physical and mechanical properties to facilitate proper mechanical and environmental performance as well as a dielectric constant and plating to facilitate proper electrical performance. In an alternative embodiment, the housing may be a die cast housing.

[0101] 20B, another view of the assembly 10000 is shown. This view is a bottom view of the assembly 10000. As shown, the assembly 10000 may include a plurality of electrical ground structures 10005a-10005n, each of which may be configured, for example, as an electrical ground for one of the antenna elements 10001a-10001n. In one embodiment, the ground structures 10005a-10005n may be constructed, for example, of LCP, to name one non-limiting material. In one embodiment, each of the ground structures 10005a-10005n may be configured to be connected, for example, to an electrical ground plane of a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0102] Also shown are a plurality of assembly alignment structures 10006a-10006n, each configured to be connected to a PCB to secure the assembly 10000 in place on the PCB. In one embodiment, the structures 10006a-10006n may be constructed from, for example, LCP, to name one non-limiting material. Additionally, the height of the structures 10006a-10006n may vary based on the thickness of the corresponding PCB to maintain mechanical alignment / attachment.

[0103] In an embodiment, the pitch values ​​of antenna elements 10001a-10001n may, for example, be similar to the pitch values ​​of elements 3000a-3000n of assembly 1000, it being understood that the pitch values ​​are merely exemplary and may be changed based, for example, on performance requirements of assembly 10000.

[0104] Referring now to FIG. 20C, the housing 10004 of the assembly 10000 is shown.

[0105] As shown, the housing 10004 may include multiple antenna pole openings 10007a-10007n, each configured at a 45 degree orientation angle and configured to receive an electrode of a dipole antenna element 10001a-10001n (for monopole embodiments, only a single opening). In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 10004 may be configured in a "donut shape," with the housing having an opening 10008 in a substantially flat central peripheral structure 10009.

[0106] Additionally, the housing 10004 may include a number of angled ribs 10010a-10010n extending from the periphery of the structure 10009 towards the periphery of the substantially flat, circular bottom surface 10011. In one embodiment, each rib 10010a-10010n may be configured at a substantially 45 degree angle from the upper structure 10009. Additionally, between adjacent ribs, angled concave portions 10012a-10012n may be configured with at least two openings 10007a-10007n (for bipolar embodiments, and only a single opening for monopolar embodiments), with the ribs and openings configured at an angle corresponding to the angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the elements 10001a-10001n.

[0107] Again, it should be understood that FIG. 20C illustrates a bipolar embodiment of the assembly 10000 of the present invention. Alternatively, a similar housing may be configured for a monopolar assembly. In such a case, the housing may include multiple antenna pole openings, each configured at a 45 degree orientation angle and configured to receive an electrode of a monopolar antenna element 10001a-10001n. In one embodiment, the housing may be configured in a "donut shape" as previously described. Furthermore, such a monopolar embodiment may include multiple angled ribs extending from the periphery of a central peripheral structure toward the periphery of a substantially flat, circular base or surface. In one embodiment, each rib may be configured at a substantially 45 degree angle from the top structure. Additionally, angled concave portions may be configured between adjacent ribs, and each angled concave portion may be configured with one opening (for a monopolar embodiment), with the ribs and openings configured at an angle corresponding to the angle of the element (e.g., 45 degrees).

[0108] In the embodiment shown in Figures 21A-21C, the assembly 10000' includes 16 antenna elements 10001a'-10001n' instead of 32 antenna elements as in the assembly 10000 of Figures 20A-20C, but this is merely an example and more or less elements may be included in the assembly of the present invention. The total number and size of the antenna elements 10001a'-10001n' and their associated components (e.g., openings, ribs, concave portions) in the assembly 10000' may differ from those in the assembly 10000, but the functions of the elements 10001a'-10001n' and their associated components (e.g., openings, ribs, concave portions) are substantially the same as the elements 10001a'-10001n and their associated components (e.g., openings, ribs, concave portions) in the assembly 10000.

[0109] It should be understood that the assemblies 10000 and 10000' shown in Figures 20A-C and 21A-C may comprise 45 degree orientation angle antenna elements similar to elements 3000a-n described above. For example, it should be understood that each element 10001a-n and 10001a'-n' may be capacitively coupled to or directly attached to a dipole or monopole, where (in the case of a dipole embodiment) one pole enables the exemplary antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along one linear axis (e.g., the x-axis) at a certain frequency, and the other pole enables the patch antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals polarized along another orthogonal linear axis (e.g., the y-axis) (i.e., the relative orthogonal orientation of each individual pole within each pair represents a dipole antenna configuration).

[0110] Further, each antenna element in a dipole embodiment may include, for example, a longitudinal portion for each pole. In one embodiment, each longitudinal portion may include an exemplary tuning section. According to one embodiment, as previously described, the tuning section functions to affect the electromagnetic properties of each pole. In one embodiment, the tuning section may include a so-called "dog-bone" shaped section that functions to affect the electromagnetic coupling properties of each pole (e.g., the longer the "dog-bone" section, the greater the effect on the dipole). In this manner, the electromagnetic properties of a monopole or dipole antenna may be controlled to achieve a desired set of design criteria (e.g., maximizing the return loss of each pole (minimizing reflections) for optimal overall performance).

[0111] In addition, each antenna element may include a dielectric filler element, hi one embodiment, each dielectric filler element associated with each antenna element may be configured between or comprise a respective bipolar pair.

[0112] In one embodiment, the dielectric filler elements associated with each pole of the antenna element can function to fill air gaps to control the impedance of the individual poles, and can be constructed from a material (e.g., LCP, an example of which is Celanese LCP, Model LKX1761, Zenite LCP) with a dielectric constant that functions to provide precise physical and mechanical properties that facilitate desired electrical, mechanical and environmental performance.

[0113] Such a dielectric filler element may comprise a single structure, but alternatively, the single structure may be separated into at least two structures. It should be understood that in embodiments, the dielectric filler elements of the present invention may (i) be constructed as separate parts and assembled to the housing as individual parts, and / or (ii) be assembled to the antenna, creating an antenna subassembly, which is then assembled to the housing. Furthermore, in other embodiments, a dielectric filler element may not be required because the geometry of the antenna components and / or the housing does not require impedance control (i.e., is configured to control impedance without the need for filler material).

[0114] Additionally, each exemplary dielectric filler element may be configured as a curved shaped element, and when inserted, each element is secured by friction between a portion of the periphery of recesses 10012a-10012n and 10012a'-10012n' and the respective pole associated with the antenna element.

[0115] Each tuning section may be formed as a multi-layer section in which an exemplary conductive layer (e.g., gold) may be formed over an exemplary diffusion barrier layer (e.g., nickel). As previously explained, the conductive layer may be removed or stripped in a post-plating process, for example, by a laser (or may not be added initially). As a result, the diffusion barrier layer of each tuning section is exposed to the atmosphere and an oxide forms on the exposed layer. As previously indicated, such stripped portions of the pole may be referred to as "anti-wicking" sections that improve the reliability of the solder joint. In other words, when no oxide forms (when the conductive layer is not stripped), the solder is pulled up or "wicked" into the pole away from the joint, leaving less solder at the solder joint and weakening the joint (i.e., reducing the reliability of the solder joint).

[0116] As indicated above, when the solder is drawn up onto the pole (in the absence of an anti-wicking section), the solder may not be distributed evenly across the portion of the pole through which it is flowing or has flowed. Such uneven distribution may adversely affect the electrical performance (return loss, withstand voltage) of the pole and thus of the inventive assembly 10000 or 10000'. Conversely, the incorporation of an anti-wicking section into the pole improves electrical performance, as it removes the problem of uneven distribution of the solder and does not substantially allow the solder to flow up the pole.

[0117] Although benefits, advantages, and solutions have been described above with respect to particular embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that such benefits, advantages, and solutions, and any elements that cause or may cause such benefits, advantages, or solutions to be more pronounced, are not to be construed as critical, necessary, or essential features or elements of any or all claims appended to or resulting from this disclosure.

Claims

1. 1. An integrated antenna assembly comprising: An antenna element; a dielectric filler element; A dielectric element; a housing for enclosing and protecting the antenna element, the dielectric filler element, and the dielectric element and for providing a ground reference for the antenna assembly; Equipped with In the integrated antenna assembly, the dielectric filler element fills an air gap between the dipole pair of the antenna element and the housing.

2. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1 , wherein the antenna element comprises a rectangular patch antenna element.

3. The antenna elements are adapted to receive the following frequency bands: DC~6000MHz, 24250MHz ~ 27500MHz, 26500MHz ~ 29500MHz, 27500MHz ~ 28350MHz, 37000MHz to 40000MHz, and 10. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1, operating over one or more of the following frequencies: 39500 MHz to 43500 MHz.

4. 2. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing is a first housing, and the integrated antenna assembly further comprises a second housing, the first housing having one or more first connection elements that connect to one or more second connection elements of the second housing.

5. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 4 , wherein the one or more first connection elements are male connection elements and the one or more second connection elements are female connection elements.

6. the antenna elements are configured with an orientation angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees from a vertical axis of the integrated antenna assembly; 2. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the antenna elements are preferably configured at an orientation angle of 75 degrees from a vertical axis of the integrated antenna assembly.

7. An integrated antenna assembly as described in claim 1, wherein some of the multiple antenna elements are configured with an orientation angle of 45 degrees from a vertical axis of the integrated antenna assembly.

8. 10. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the integrated antenna assembly comprises a plurality of dipole pairs of antenna elements, each of the antenna elements being capacitively coupled to or directly attached to one or more of the dipole pairs.

9. 9. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 8, wherein each of the dipole pairs includes a tuning section that affects an electromagnetic characteristic of the dipole pair.

10. 10. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 9, wherein each tuning section includes a conductive layer formed on a diffusion barrier layer or includes a diffusion layer and a portion where the conductive layer is stripped to prevent solder from being pulled up to the respective pole of the tuning section.

11. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric filler element is associated with each pole of a pole pair of the antenna element to control the impedance of the respective pole.

12. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric filler elements are constructed from an LCP material and / or each of the dielectric filler elements includes at least two separate structures.

13. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 1 , wherein the housing is configured in a dish shape.

14. the housing includes a substantially flat, circular central top surface having a plurality of angled ribs extending from a periphery of the central top surface toward a periphery of a substantially flat, circular bottom surface; 14. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 13, wherein each rib is preferably configured at an angle of substantially 45 degrees from the top surface.

15. 15. The integrated antenna assembly of claim 14, wherein the integrated antenna assembly further comprises angled concave portions configured between adjacent ribs, and / or each angled concave portion configured with an opening, the ribs and openings configured at an angle corresponding to 45 degrees.

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