Techniques for deploying infrastructure resources using declarative provisioning tools

Abstract

Techniques for implementing infrastructure orchestration services are described. A scheduler may receive a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file may include a first release identifier. The resource may be deployed to the execution target according to the file. A current state of the resource may be stored. The scheduler may receive a second version of the file for a new deployment in the execution target, the second version including a second release identifier. At least one worker node may execute a plugin to compare the first identifier with a second identifier. If the first identifier differs from the second identifier, the plugin may compare the current state of the resource with a desired state according to the second identifier. If the desired state differs from the current state, the resource is deployed to the execution target according to the second identifier.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. application Ser. No. 62 / 963,335, filed January 20, 2020, entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR DEPLOYING INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCES USING DECLARATORY PROVISIONING TOOLS," and U.S. application Ser. No. 17 / 016,754, filed September 10, 2020, entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR DEPLOYING INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCES," the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. [Background technology]

[0002] background Today, cloud infrastructure services utilize many individual services to provision and deploy code and configuration across many regions of the cloud infrastructure service. These tools require significant manual effort to use, especially considering that provisioning cloud infrastructure services is largely declarative and deploying code is mandatory. In addition, cloud infrastructure services need to continue to grow as the number of service teams and regions increases. The strategy of some cloud infrastructure services to deploy to a larger number of smaller regions involves spending per region, which may not scale well. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] overview Techniques for implementing infrastructure orchestration services are described. In some examples, the method may include a scheduler that may receive a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file may include a first release identifier. The resource may be deployed to the execution target according to the file. A current state of the resource may be stored. The scheduler may receive a second version of the file for a new deployment in the execution target, the second release identifier. At least one worker node may execute a plugin to compare the first identifier to the second identifier. If the first identifier differs from the second identifier, the plugin may compare the current state of the resource to a desired state according to the second identifier. If the desired state differs from the current state, the resource is deployed to the execution target according to the second identifier.

[0004] In another example, a system may include at least one processor and at least one memory capable of storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the processor to perform operations. The operations may include a scheduler receiving a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file may include a first release identifier. The resource may be deployed to the execution target according to the configuration file, and a current state of the resource may be stored. The scheduler may receive a second version of the configuration file, the second release identifier, for a new deployment in the execution target. At least one worker node may execute a plugin to compare the first release identifier to the second release identifier. If the first release identifier differs from the second release identifier, the plugin may be used to compare the current state of the resource to a desired state of the resource according to the second configuration file. If the desired state differs from the current state, the resource may be deployed to the execution target according to the second version of the configuration file.

[0005] In yet another example, a computer-readable storage medium can store computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, can cause the processor to perform operations. The operations can include a scheduler receiving a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file can include a first release identifier. The resource can be deployed to the execution target according to the configuration file, and a current state of the resource can be stored. The scheduler can receive a second version of the configuration file for a new deployment in the execution target, the second version of the configuration file can include a second release identifier. At least one worker node can execute a plugin to compare the first release identifier to the second release identifier. If the first release identifier differs from the second release identifier, the plugin can be used to compare the current state of the resource to a desired state of the resource according to the second configuration file. If the desired state differs from the current state, the resource can be deployed to the execution target according to the second version of the configuration file.

[0006] In yet another example, an apparatus may comprise means for performing the steps according to any of the methods described herein.

[0007] To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or operation, the most significant digit(s) of a reference number refers to the number of the figure in which that element is first introduced. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example flow chart according to at least one embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example flow chart according to at least one embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating code used to implement at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating code used to implement at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a distributed system in accordance with at least one embodiment. [Figure 13]A block diagram illustrating one or more components of a system environment in which services provided by one or more components of an embodiment system may be provided as cloud services, according to at least one embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example computer system on which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] In some examples, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is one particular type of cloud computing. IaaS can be configured to provide virtualized computing resources over a public network (e.g., the Internet). In some examples, IaaS is one of three major categories (or subcategories) of cloud computing services. Most people consider the other major categories to be Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS), and sometimes SaaS can be considered a broader category that encompasses both PaaS and IaaS, and some also consider IaaS to be a subcategory of PaaS.

[0010] In the IaaS model, a cloud computing provider may host the infrastructure components (e.g., servers, storage devices, network nodes (e.g., hardware), deployment software, platform virtualization (e.g., hypervisor layer), etc.).

[0011] In some cases, IaaS providers may also offer various services pertaining to their infrastructure components (e.g., billing, monitoring, logging, security, load balancing and clustering, etc.) Accordingly, these services may be policy-driven, such that IaaS users may be able to implement policies to drive load balancing to maintain application availability and performance.

[0012] In some cases, an IaaS customer may access resources and services over a wide area network (WAN), such as the Internet, and can use the cloud provider's services to install the remaining elements of the application stack. For example, a user can log into an IaaS platform to create virtual machines (VMs), install an operating system (OS) on each VM, deploy middleware such as databases, create storage buckets for workloads and backups, and even install enterprise software on the VMs. The customer can then use the provider's services to perform a variety of functions, including balancing network traffic, troubleshooting application issues, monitoring performance, managing disaster recovery, etc.

[0013] In most cases, the cloud computing model requires the participation of a cloud provider. A cloud provider can be, but does not have to be, a third-party service that specializes in providing (e.g., providing, renting, selling) IaaS. An entity can also choose to deploy a private cloud and become its own provider of infrastructure services.

[0014] In some examples, IaaS deployment is the process of putting a new application or a new version of a new application onto a prepared application server, etc. It may also include the process of preparing the server (e.g., installing libraries, daemons, etc.). This is often managed by the cloud provider below the hypervisor layer (e.g., server, storage, network hardware, and virtualization). Thus, the customer may be responsible for handling (OS), middleware, and / or application deployment (e.g., on self-service virtual machines (which may be started on demand, as one example)), etc.

[0015] In some examples, IaaS provisioning may refer to obtaining computers or virtual hosts for use and even installing required libraries or services on them. In most cases, deployment does not include provisioning, which may need to be performed first.

[0016] In some cases, there are two different problems with IaaS provisioning. First, there is the initial challenge of provisioning an initial set of infrastructure before anything runs. Second, there is the challenge of evolving the existing infrastructure (e.g., adding new services, modifying services, removing services, etc.) once everything is provisioned. In some cases, these two challenges can be addressed by allowing the configuration of the infrastructure to be defined declaratively. In other words, the infrastructure (e.g., which components are needed and how they interact) can be defined by one or more configuration files. Thus, the overall topology of the infrastructure (e.g., which resources depend on which resources and how they each work together) can be described declaratively. In some instances, once the topology is defined, workflows can be generated that create and / or manage the different components described in the configuration files. In contrast to declarative instructions (e.g., containing information about what should be done, which may simply include the desired output), implicit instructions contain information about how to do what should be done (e.g., containing information about the steps, components, and states required to get things done).

[0017] In some examples, the infrastructure may have many interconnected elements. For example, there may be one or more Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) (e.g., a potentially on-demand pool of configurable and / or shared computing resources), also known as a core network. In some examples, there may also be one or more security group rules prepared to define how the security of the network is configured and one or more virtual machines (VMs). Other infrastructure elements such as load balancers, databases, etc. may also be prepared. The infrastructure may evolve incrementally as more and more infrastructure elements are desired and / or added.

[0018] As mentioned above, one way to prepare the infrastructure is to declaratively describe the infrastructure. Thus, the configuration file may be a declarative file that simply describes each of the infrastructure components described above and how they interact. The configuration file may describe the resources and associated fields needed to create the elements, and then other elements may be described that reference the previously described elements. In some examples, a provisioning tool may then generate workflows for creating and managing the elements described in the configuration file.

[0019] In some examples, the workflow of the provisioning tool may be configured to execute various commands. One function that may be executed is a view adjustment, where the provisioning tool may compare a view of the current infrastructure (e.g., the expected state of the infrastructure) to how the infrastructure is actually operating. In some examples, executing the view adjustment function may include querying various resource providers or infrastructure resources to identify which resources are actually running. Another function that the provisioning tool may execute is a plan generation, where the provisioning tool may compare the infrastructure components that are actually running to how the provisioning tool would like them to be (e.g., the desired configuration). In other words, the plan generation function may determine what changes need to be made to bring the resources closer to the latest expectations. In some examples, a third function is an execution (e.g., apply) function, where the provisioning tool may execute the plan generated by the plan generation function.

[0020] In general, a provisioning tool can be configured to take a configuration file, parse the declarative information contained therein, and programmatically / automatically determine the order in which resources need to be provisioned to execute a plan. For example, if security group rules and VPCs need to be booted before VMs are booted, the provisioning tool can make that determination and perform the boot in that order without user intervention and / or without the information necessarily being included in the configuration file.

[0021] In some examples, continuous deployment techniques may be employed to enable deployment of infrastructure code across various virtual computing environments. In addition, the described techniques enable infrastructure management within these environments. In some examples, a service team may write code that is desired to be deployed to one or more, but often different, production environments (e.g., across various different geographic locations, sometimes spanning the entire world). However, in some examples, the infrastructure onto which the code will be deployed must first be set up. In some instances, provisioning may be done manually, and provisioning tools may be utilized to provision the resources and / or deployment tools may be utilized to deploy the code once the infrastructure is provisioned.

[0022] As mentioned above, there are typically two different tools used to handle the provisioning of infrastructure resources and the deployment of code to control the infrastructure resources, respectively, and the orchestration between the two tools is performed manually. However, at scale, manual execution always leads to deviations. Therefore, an automation tool that can both provision and deploy virtual infrastructure enables a more efficient and reliable technique for implementing virtual cloud environments.

[0023] In some instances, when two tools are used, problems may arise when a user makes manual changes to the code between the provisioning and deployment phases. As described herein, the techniques of using a single tool for both provisioning and deployment can mitigate that by automating the process so that there is no opportunity for manual code changes. A slight change in the way a user codes something may cause a big problem in the deployment phase. In some instances, when an operator first performs an action (e.g., a typo in the code) in a new area, the object coded with the typo may always be that way. If an application is deployed with that typo and the application is not sensitive to the typo (e.g., it is still functional), then at some point in the future, additional code changes may become sensitive to the typo and the entire system may crash. Thus, the techniques provided herein can eliminate the gap between provisioning and deployment that can often lead to problems.

[0024] Generally, modeling deployments is declarative such that configuration files can be used to declare infrastructure resources. For example, create, read, update, delete (CRUD) instructions are commonly used to generate deployment files using common Representational State Transfer (REST) ​​concepts (e.g., REST Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)). However, deployments themselves generally do not follow the same concepts. In addition, infrastructure provisioning tools tend to be powerful and / or expressive in nature, while tools for deployment tend to be much more restrictive in terms of the operations they can perform (e.g., they are mandatory as opposed to declarative). In some instances, mandatory tools receive mandatory instructions that do not necessarily describe the workflow, state, etc. of the components. For example, central infrastructure services may be mandatory, meaning that they receive mandatory instructions (e.g., desired outputs) as opposed to declarative instructions (e.g., describing the various steps required to perform a task). However, in some instances, the central infrastructure services described herein may be declarative. Therefore, there is a long-felt need for tools that can address both functional requirements (e.g., provisioning and deployment of infrastructure elements) within a cloud environment.

[0025] In some examples, techniques are described herein for implementing a cloud infrastructure orchestration service (CIOS). Such techniques may be configured to manage both the provisioning and deployment of infrastructure assets within a cloud environment, as briefly described above. In some examples, a CIOS may include two classes of services: central and regional components (e.g., CIOS central and CIOS regional). The following terms are used throughout: Infrastructure Components - Long-lived pieces of infrastructure that support running code.

[0026] - Examples: deployment applications, load balancers, Domain Name System (DNS) entries, object storage buckets, etc.

[0027] Artifact - The code that is deployed to a deployment application or Kubernetes engine cluster, or the configuration information (hereafter "Configuration") that is applied to infrastructure components. These can be read-only resources.

[0028] Deployment Tasks - short-lived tasks that are often associated with deploying or testing code. Additionally, deployment tasks are modeled as resources that do not live beyond the release that creates them.

[0029] - Examples: “deploy $artifact to $environment,” “watch $alarm for 10 minutes,” “execute $testSuite,” or “wait for $manualApproval” - For example, CIOS may model a deployment as the creation of a resource that transitions to an available state when it is complete.

[0030] - CIOS maintains the state of associated declarative provisioners, allowing CIOS to control the lifecycle of these short-lived resources relative to releases.

[0031] · Resource - A CRUDable resource. - CIOS models each of the constructs listed above as a resource. The next sections explain this modeling in detail.

[0032] Flock - A model of CIOS that encapsulates a domain of control and all its components. It exists primarily to model and point to ownership of infrastructure components.

[0033] Flock configuration - describes the set of all infrastructure components, artifacts, and deployment tasks associated with a single service.

[0034] - Each flock has exactly one flock configuration, which is checked into source control.

[0035] - Flock configurations are declarative: they expect CIOS to provide the domain, region, advertisement, and artifact version as input.

[0036] - Flocks are granular: a flock consists of a single service and supporting infrastructure.

[0037] · State - A snapshot of the state of every resource in the flock at that point in time. · Release - A tuple of a specific version of a flock configuration and the specific versions of any artifacts it references.

[0038] - Think of a release as describing a state that may not yet exist. Release Plan - A set of steps that CIOS takes to transition all areas from their current state to the state described by a release.

[0039] - A release plan has a finite number of steps and clearly defined start and end times.

[0040] · Apply - This is a noun. A single attempt to execute a release plan. An execution changes the current state of the flock.

[0041] CIOS can be described as an orchestration layer that applies configuration to downstream systems (e.g., worldwide). It is designed to enable worldwide infrastructure provisioning and code deployment without manual interaction from service teams (e.g., beyond initial approval in some instances). High level responsibilities of CIOS include, but are not limited to: · Providing the team with a view into the current state of resources managed by the CIOS, including any in-flight change activity.

[0042] · Helping the team plan and release new changes. ·Coordinating activities across various downstream systems within a domain to execute approved release plans without human intervention.

[0043] ·Coordinating activities across regions / territories to execute approved release plans worldwide.

[0044] In some examples, CIOS handles onboarding by allowing teams to provide configuration information to CIOS via check-in code. Additionally, CIOS can automate more things, which is a heavier implementation than previous embodiments. In some cases, CIOS handles pre-deployment by providing teams with the ability to automatically deploy and test code. In some examples, CIOS can handle writing change management (CM) policies by allowing teams to automatically generate plans to roll out new artifacts (e.g., worldwide) as they build them. This can be done by inspecting the current state of each area and the current CIOS configuration (which may itself be an artifact). Additionally, teams can look at these plans and iterate on them by changing the CIOS configuration and asking CIOS to re-plan. Once the team is happy with the plan, they can create a "release" that references the plan. The plan can then be marked as approved or rejected. While the team can still write CMs, the CMs are simply pointers to the CIOS plans. Thus, the team can spend less time reasoning about the plans. The plan is more accurate because it is machine generated. The plan is almost too detailed for human consumption. However, it can be displayed via an advanced user interface (UI).

[0045] In some examples, the CIOS can handle the execution of CM by automatically executing deployment plans. Once a release plan is created and approved, engineers are no longer involved in CM unless the CIOS initiates a rollback. In some cases, this may require teams to automate currently manual tasks. In some examples, the CIOS can handle rolling back change management (CM) by automatically generating a plan to return a flock to its original (e.g., pre-release) state when the CIOS detects a degradation in service health during execution. In some examples, the CIOS can handle deploying emergency / tactical changes by receiving a release plan scoped to a subset of areas and / or resources managed by the CIOS and then executing that plan.

[0046] In addition, CIOS can support the primitives necessary to define fully automated worldwide deployments. For example, CIOS can measure service health by monitoring alarms and running integration tests. CIOS can help teams quickly define rollback behavior in case of service degradation, which can then be executed automatically. CIOS can automatically generate and display release plans, and can track approvals. In some examples, the language that teams use to describe the desired deployment behavior can be declarative. CIOS can combine the functionality of code deployment and infrastructure configuration (e.g., provisioning) in one system. CIOS also supports flexible ordering across domains and across components within domains. Teams can express ordering via checked-in configurations. Teams can programmatically call CIOS plan and release APIs.

[0047] 1 illustrates an architecture 100 to illustrate a technique for implementing at least a CIOS central 102. In some examples, the CIOS central 102 may be a service that handles operations at the level of a "flock." The CIOS central 102 has several responsibilities, including but not limited to: Acting as an authentication gateway for flock metadata changes and release operations.

[0048] · Remembering Flock's reliable mapping of Flock metadata to deployment artifacts and CIOS repositories.

[0049] · Coordinate global release across phases and targets. · Synchronization to enforce policies like "no more than one ongoing release per flock at a time."

[0050] Detecting changes to flock config and artifacts and triggering release generation for such changes.

[0051] In some examples, a source code version control management service (SCVMS) 104 can be configured to store the trusted flock configurations, and an artifact notification service (ANS) 106 can be subscribed to by the CIOS central 102 so that the CIOS central 102 can be informed of new artifact builds. The CIOS central 102 can then map the incoming changes against the affected flocks and initiate release planning if desired. Additionally, in some examples, an artifact push service (APS) can be invoked by the CIOS central 102 prior to a release to a target to ensure that artifacts required for a successful release are present in the target's domain prior to the release.

[0052] In some examples, customers (e.g., engineers) 108 can call CIOS central 102 to CRUD flocks and / or releases and see the status of ongoing CIOS activities. Flock management service 110 can include one or more APIs for manipulating flocks, view / plan / approve service 112 can include CRUD APIs for creating and approving plans, change monitoring service 114 can view the SCVMS 104 for changes to flock configurations and can receive notifications from ANS 106 about changes to other artifacts to view a central copy of the state of all CIOS managed resources, and state capture service 116 can create copies of local states in CIOS central database (DB) 118 so that view / plan / approve 112 can expose them. In some examples, CIOS central DB 118 can be a DB of flocks, plans, and states. Flock information can be authoritative while everything else can be stale copies of data from CIOS domains 120.

[0053] In some examples, the engineer 108 can perform an API call to the flock management service 110 (e.g., via the ingress proxy fleet 122) to create a list of flocks. The protocol for making such an API call can be Hypertext transport protocol secure (HTTPS), or the like. The associated access control lists (ACLs) for this operation can include a local area network (LAN) 124 or other private connections. For example, the CIOS can manage / control network connectivity as an alternative to using the public Internet to connect a customer's on-premise data center or network with the CIOS (e.g., a dedicated connection, a leased connection, and / or a private connection). In addition, authentication and authorization (e.g., of the engineer 108) can be performed by a reservation system portal that allows a user to manage the machine infrastructure (e.g., a reservation service). In some examples, the CIOS central 102 can store flock metadata, plans, and states in the central DB 118 using Java database connectivity (JDBC), or the like. In some examples, the ANS 106 can be configured to notify the change monitoring service 114 when new artifacts are published. The ANS 106 can use HTTPS, and both authentication and authorization can be handled by the Mutual Transport Layer Security Service. Additionally, in some examples, the change monitoring service 114 can poll the SCVMS 104 for changes to the flock configuration. This polling can be performed using Secure Shell (SSH) or other protocols. Authentication of the change monitoring service 114 can be handled by a CIOS system account, and authorization can be handled by the SCVMS 104.

[0054] In some examples, the engineer 108 can use the view / plan / approval service 112 to perform one or more of the following operations: The engineer 108 can plan and / or approve by calling the CIOS central 102 to generate and approve plans. The engineer 108 can view the status of ongoing CIOS activities by calling the CIOS central 102 to view the status of ongoing CIOS activities worldwide. In addition, the engineer 108 can view replicas of the state of CIOS-managed resources worldwide by calling the CIOS central 102. These API calls (or the like) can be performed via the HTTPS protocol or a similar protocol. Additionally, the associated ACLs can be controlled by the LAN 124, and both authentication and authorization can be handled by the reservation service. In some examples, the view / plan / approval service 112 can request plans and push approval of the plans to all regions of the CIOS region 120 (e.g., using HTTPS, etc.). The associated ACLs can be controlled using security lists managed by the wide area network (WAN) gateway 126. Authentication can be handled by mutual transport layer security, and authorization can be handled by various identity policies. Additionally, the status capture service 116 can look at the CIOS realm 120 for job status or status changes, so that the CIOS can provide a central view of them upon request (e.g., using HTTPS, etc.). ACLs for this can also be handled by the WAN gateway 126, and both authentication and authorization can be handled by mutual transport layer security services.

[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates an architecture 200 to illustrate techniques for implementing at least a CIOS realm 202. In some examples, the CIOS realm 202 is where much of the declarative provisioning and planning work can occur, as well as the approved release applications. In some cases, each instance of the CIOS realm 202 can have a realm front end that can handle operations at the "execution target" level. It can be configured to do the following: · Handles all CIOS authentication for incoming actions from CIOS central 102.

[0056] · Enforcing the rule that only one "run" (plan / import resources / apply plan) can be in progress at a time for a given run object.

[0057] Managing binary artifact storage for declarative provisioning artifacts used for input and output during declarative infrastructure provisioning runs. Examples of inputs are declarative infrastructure provisioning configuration files and input state files. A typical output is a final state file.

[0058] · Requesting work from the CIOS executor for any given execution and polling for the results.

[0059] In some examples, the CIOS front-end may rely on a CIOS executor 206 (also referred to herein as a "scheduler") that may handle the actual execution. The CIOS executor, in some examples, operates at the level of "execution," which includes: · It can keep track of the pool of available worker nodes.

[0060] Ability to query incoming job requests and assign them to available, eligible workers.

[0061] · Worker status and execution updates can be tracked to report back to the client.

[0062] Able to detect dead nodes via leasing protocol and fail tasks assigned to dead nodes depending on task status.

[0063] It provides facilities to cancel / kill / pause / resume execution and can map them to facilities to pass cancel / kill / resume information to worker nodes.

[0064] In some examples, the CIOS Executor can depend on CIOS Workers, which can assign tasks to Workers for execution and provide facilities for Workers to update on the progress of jobs. The Worker Service operates at the granularity of a "task". Each Worker is an agent that executes the tasks assigned to it and reports task status and output. Each Worker: It polls the Executor Worker API for assigned work items and can perform the following actions to match the assigned state with its local state: Starting a container to poll for task items that do not exist locally Killing a locally running container that does not have a corresponding assigned task item · Ability to report job status.

[0065] · It can provide input and output for job container execution. · Ability to launch and monitor declarative infrastructure provisioning containers to do the actual work of the release being executed.

[0066] A CIOS worker may depend on a CIOS executor to poll work from the CIOS executor and report results to the CIOS executor's worker endpoint. The worker may depend on the executor for all coordination. In addition, a CIOS worker may depend on a CIOS region 202, where the worker service reads input from and writes output to one or more APIs associated with a regional front-end service. Examples of inputs are configuration and start state files and import mappings. Examples of outputs are the declarative provisioning process, the output declarative provisioning state file, and the import result state.

[0067] In some examples, CIOS domain 202 can be a regional service for managing regional instances / deployments of CIOS. CIOS domain 202 covers the responsibility of reliably storing and managing plans and states for a particular domain. Regional DB 204 can be a CIOS DB for state and plans in that particular domain. It is an authoritative copy of the domain subset of central DB 118 of FIG. 1. Scheduler 206 can be responsible for managing worker fleet capacity, assigning tasks to workers, and tracking task states. In some examples, task DB 208 is another CIOS DB for task states. The data in this DB is primarily for operational purposes. Additionally, workers 210 can be a fleet of Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) that manage declarative provisioning images. They receive instructions from scheduler 206 and communicate results to both scheduler 206 and CIOS domain 202. CIOS container 212 can execute declarative provisioning actions in its own private Docker 214 container. This container does not need to contain secrets. Additionally, in some examples, the signing proxy 216 may be configured to prevent secrets from leaking through the declarative provisioning tool to avoid putting secrets in the declarative provisioning image. Instead, the CIOS can perform request signing at the proxy or initiate mutual transport layer security (mTLS) services. This also makes it easier to use FIPS-compliant cryptographic libraries.

[0068] In some examples, CIOS central 102 can call CIOS realm 202 to create plans, push approvals, monitor job state (service principals), and extract declarative provisioner state (service principals). Ingress proxy 218 can be configured as an ACL and various identity policies can be used for both authentication and authorization. Alternatively, in some examples, ingress proxy 218 can be replaced with a load balancer configured to load balance incoming requests, plans, etc. In some examples, CIOS realm 202 can run the declarative provisioner by asking scheduler 206 to do so. Worker 210 can ask scheduler 206 what to run and can report status to scheduler 206 when completed. In some cases, mTLS can handle both authentication and authorization for CIOS realm 202 and worker 210. Additionally, when worker 210 needs to run the declarative provisioner, it does so within a docker container by interacting with local docker 214. Authentication for this stage can be handled by a local Unix socket. The Docker protocol can be used for this final step, however HTTPS can be utilized for the previous ones.

[0069] In some examples, while the declarative provisioner sees itself calling various CIOS services, the CIOS container 212 allows the declarative provisioner to interact (through an API) with the signing proxy 216. The signing proxy 216 listens on one ephemeral port, known only to the declarative provisioner, for each invocation instance of the declarative provisioner. The signing proxy 216 can initiate request signing or mTLS and pass the declarative provisioner's call to other CIOS services in the service enclave. In some examples, the signing proxy 216 can also communicate with one or more public CIOS services 220. For example, the signing proxy 216 uses the internal endpoints of public services when possible. For services that do not have internal endpoints, the egress proxy 222 must be used to reach the external endpoints. This use of the signing proxy 216 may not be for inter-realm communication, for example, the egress proxy whitelist in each region may be only for the public IP ranges of that region. In some examples, the worker 210 can then persist the state and logs from the declarative provisioner in the CIOS domain 202 so that they can be extracted to the CIOS central 102.

[0070] With CIOS, there are several stages of a typical customer experience: onboarding, pre-release, worldwide release, and tactical release. For the pre-release stage, below is an example of what happens between a new artifact being built and releasing the artifact to release one (e.g., R1). This should replace some or most of the current change management process. Once the relevant artifacts are built, CIOS can automatically generate a release using the “latest version of everything in the flock”. A release is a specific version of a flock configuration with specific inputs (e.g., artifact version, scope, region, and ad). A release contains one rollforward plan per region and metadata that describes the region ordering. Each region plan is a set of actions that the declarative provisioner takes to realize the flock configuration in that region. Teams with pre-release environments can use CIOS to automatically release and test software in said environments. Teams can configure CIOS to automatically test rollback plans. Teams can inspect and approve releases through the CIOS UI. The team can approve some but not all of the local plans within a release. If the "latest version of everything" does not result in a suitable plan, the team can ask CIOS to generate a plan for a suitable artifact version.

[0071] For the global release phase, the following is an example of how the team executes today's version of "normal CM" today: Once a release is approved, CIOS pushes each approved regional plan to its respective region. CIOS works independently within each region to apply the approved plan. CIOS executes only the set of actions explicitly described in that region's plan. Instead of "thinking independently," it fails. CIOS UI shows the team the progress of the execution. CIOS UI prompts the team when manual approval is needed. If the execution fails because of an outage in CIOS or downstream services, CIOS can notify the team and prompt the team for next steps (e.g., abort, retry). CIOS executes retries, but some downstream system outages will exceed its willingness to retry. If the execution fails because of degraded service health or test failures, CIOS helps the team return the flock to its starting state. CIOS notifies the team when it initiates an automatic rollback (e.g., paging). The team must approve the rollback plan and CIOS will execute it.

[0072] For the Tactical Release phase, below is an example of how the team can execute tomorrow's version of "emergency CM". When generating the plan, the team can ask CIOS to target the plan with specific resources in several ways: topologically (e.g., by region, region, AD, etc.), by resource type (e.g., "metric configuration only" or "Deployment Orchestration Service deployment only"), or a combination of the above (e.g., in a decoupled manner). The team approves tactical releases similarly to global releases. CIOS organizes them similarly. If the team needs to deploy a tactical release while there is an active global release, CIOS will stop running the global release in the targeted region and then start running the tactical release.

[0073] In some examples, the state of a declarative provisioner (e.g., traditionally, a file) is an authoritative record of the set of resources managed by the declarative provisioner. It contains a mapping between each resource's logical identifier from the configuration file and the actual identifier of that resource. When the declarative provisioner is creating a resource, certain failures can prevent the actual identifier from being recorded in the state. When this happens, the actual identifier is lost to the declarative provisioner. These may be referred to as "orphaned resources."

[0074] For most resources, an orphan represents waste; the declarative provisioner (for example) launched an instance that it forgot about, but will launch another instance instead the next time it runs. For resources with uniqueness constraints or client-provided identifiers, orphans prevent the declarative provisioner from moving forward. For example, if the declarative provisioner creates a user "nglass" and the failure causes it to abandon, the next run of the declarative provisioner will attempt to create "nglass" and will fail because a user with that username already exists. In some cases, orphans are only an issue when adding new resources to the state. In some cases, the declarative provisioner's refresh behavior can naturally recover from failures to record updates and deletions.

[0075] CIOS needs to be robust in case of downstream service outages or outages of CIOS itself. Since CIOS can leverage the declarative provisioner to apply changes, this means it should be robust in running the declarative provisioner and maintaining the declarative provisioner state. The declarative provisioning provider performs "minor" retries, enough to avoid outages that last several minutes. For example, a cloud provider retries for up to 30 minutes. A downstream system outage that lasts longer than 30 minutes causes the declarative provisioner to fail. When the declarative provisioner fails, it records all changes that were successfully made in its state and then exits. To retry, CIOS must rerun the declarative provisioner. Rerunning the declarative provisioner also allows CIOS to retry in case of failures of CIOS itself. In some cases, CIOS can perform the following actions in a loop: · Refresh - The declarative provisioner calls the GET API to retrieve a new snapshot of all resources described in its state.

[0076] · Plan - The declarative provisioner generates a plan (a concrete set of API calls) that will achieve the desired state, given the recently refreshed current state.

[0077] · Apply - The declarative provisioner executes the set of steps in the plan. CIOS can always perform all three of these steps when running a declarative provisioner. The refresh operation helps to recover from updates or deletions that were not recorded. CIOS checks the result of the plan operation and compares it to the approved release plan. If the newly generated plan contains operations that were not in the approved release plan, CIOS may fail and notify the service team.

[0078] FIG. 3 shows a directed acyclic graph (DAG) 300 for illustrating an example flock 302. The progression of code / configuration from check-in to production for a single flock configuration in CIOS can be described all the way from the initial test deployment to the final production deployment. Internally, CIOS references each element in the progression, an execution target (ET) - this is an internal API specification and does not leak into the flock configuration. CIOS executes the ETs based on the DAG 300 defined in the flock configuration. Each ET (e.g., ET-1, ET-2, ET-3, ET-4, ET-5, ET-6, and ET-7) is roughly one copy of the service described by the flock configuration.

[0079] FIG. 4 depicts a DAG 400 to illustrate an example flock 402. In the flock configuration, CIOS is very opinionated about how teams express this progression, and they must model it using cloud infrastructure tenancies and regions. Teams should not model progression using regions. CIOS allows teams to use many tenancies within a region and many ranges within a tenancy. However, CIOS does not allow teams to use the same range twice within a tenancy (though they may use the same range twice within a region, in different tenancies). DAG 400 illustrates a version of DAG 300 from FIG. 3 expressed with tenancies and regions. This example concerns an overlay service, where the pre-prod ET is in the prod region. The service enclave service has unstable and stable tenancies in release 1. In DAG400, IAD is the regional airport code for Dulles Airport in Washington DC, YYZ is the regional airport code for Toronto, Ontario, PHX, LHR, and FRA are the regional airport codes for Phoenix, London, and Frankfurt, respectively, and LUF and LFI are for two different aerodynamic bases.

[0080] In one embodiment, CIOS and / or other technologies described herein are improvements to each of Terraform (a declarative provisioning tool), Tanden (a code generation tool), and Oracle Deployment Orchestrator (ODO). Additionally, in some examples, CIOS and / or other technologies described herein may be implemented using at least a portion of the Terraform, Tanden, and ODO tools.

[0081] Techniques for implementing infrastructure orchestration services are described. In some examples, the method may include a scheduler that may receive a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file may include a first release identifier. The resource may be deployed to the execution target according to the file. A current state of the resource may be stored. The scheduler may receive a second version of the file, the second release identifier, for a new deployment in the execution target. At least one worker node may execute a plugin to compare the first identifier to the second identifier. If the first identifier differs from the second identifier, the plugin may compare the current state of the resource to a desired state according to the second identifier. If the desired state differs from the current state, the resource is deployed to the execution target according to the second identifier.

[0082] In another example, a system may include at least one processor and at least one memory capable of storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the processor to perform operations. The operations may include a scheduler receiving a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file may include a first release identifier. The resource may be deployed to the execution target according to the configuration file, and a current state of the resource may be stored. The scheduler may receive a second version of the configuration file for a new deployment in the execution target, the second release identifier. The at least one worker node may execute a plugin to compare the first release identifier to the second release identifier. If the first release identifier is different from the second release identifier, the plugin may be used to compare the current state of the resource to a desired state of the resource according to the second configuration file. If the desired state is different from the current state, the resource may be deployed to the execution target according to the second version of the configuration file.

[0083] In yet another example, a computer-readable storage medium can store computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, can cause the processor to perform operations. The operations can include a scheduler receiving a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file can include a first release identifier. The resource can be deployed to the execution target according to the configuration file, and a current state of the resource can be stored. The scheduler can receive a second version of the configuration file for a new deployment in the execution target, the second release identifier can be included. At least one worker node can execute a plugin to compare the first release identifier to the second release identifier. If the first release identifier is different from the second release identifier, the plugin can be used to compare the current state of the resource to a desired state of the resource according to the second configuration file. If the desired state is different from the current state, the resource can be deployed to the execution target according to the second version of the configuration file.

[0084] 5 illustrates a combined block diagram 500 of an architecture for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service, according to at least one embodiment. Block diagram 500 illustrates both a CIOS center 502 (e.g., CIOS central 102 of FIG. 1 ) and a CIOS domain 504. CIOS central 502 may include a control plane 506 (e.g., control plane 110 of FIG. 1 ), a view / plan / approve service 508 (e.g., view / plan / approve service 112 of FIG. 1 ), a change management service 510 (e.g., change management service 114 of FIG. 1 ), and a state capture service 512 (e.g., state capture service 116 of FIG. 1 ).

[0085] A user 514 (e.g., engineer 108 of FIG. 1 ) can create a release, which can include at least one deployment, at least one test, both, or any other combination of appropriate declarative infrastructure provisioning tool operations, and the user 514 can send the release to CIOS central 502 via LAN gateway 516 (e.g., LAN 124 of FIG. 1 ). CIOS central 502 can post-process the release. Control plane 506, which can be a flock management component, can generate a random release ID and assign this randomly generated release ID to the release. Control plane 506 can augment the release with at least one code file generated in post-processing. Among these code files can be a provider file, which can include at least one declarative infrastructure provisioning tool plug-in called a provider, and a local file. The local file can include an operation for generating a random release ID, and the random release ID generated in the local file can be injected into the provider file. The result of post-processing by the control plane 506 may be a release (an extended release) with the original code generated by the user and the extended code generated by the post-processing.

[0086] The view / plan / approve service 508 can send the extension release to the CIOS domain 504 via a WAN gateway 518 (e.g., WAN gateway 126 of FIG. 1). The extension release can be received by a CIOS domain 520 (e.g., CIOS domain 202 of FIG. 2), which may be a computing device that generates status reports and tracks tasks entering the CIOS domain 504. The CIOS domain 520 can send tasks from the extension release to a scheduler 522 (e.g., scheduler 206 of FIG. 2), which may be a computing device that can assign the tasks to workers 524 (e.g., worker 210 of FIG. 2), typically workers with the least amount of work. In some embodiments, the CIOS domain 520 and the scheduler 522 can be on the same computing device. The workers 524 can be computing devices that can execute tasks and plugins assigned by the scheduler 522, and the workers 524 can be part of a worker fleet that may include many workers 524. The worker 524 can interact with a CIOS container 526 (e.g., CIOS container 212 of FIG. 2 ), which may reside in a docker 528 (e.g., docker 214 of FIG. 2 ). The CIOS container 526 can check for differences in a desired state of an execution object associated with a task assigned to the worker 524 compared to the actual state of the execution object. If the CIOS container 526 identifies a difference, the worker 524 can execute the task, and if the CIOS container 526 does not identify a difference, the worker 524 may not execute the task. By executing the task, an API call to a cloud service can be made, and the API call can go through a signing proxy 532 (e.g., signing proxy 216 of FIG. 2 ). The signing proxy 532 can be a generic HTTP proxy, and the signing proxy 532 can control the outgoing network traffic of the CIOS realm 504. In particular, the signing proxy 532 can block all outgoing network traffic in certain situations that are further discussed in FIGS. 10 and 11 .

[0087] In some embodiments, a release desired to be executed on an execution target may include resources (release resources) that are the same as resources currently in the execution target (execution target resources). In this case, it is desired to execute the release, but existing declarative infrastructure provisioning tool operations may not execute the release resources because the release resources are the same as the execution target resources. However, the techniques described herein may be used to execute the release resources on the execution target by forcing a diff (e.g., a comparison function that identifies differences in configuration files). Thus, one technical improvement provided by the techniques described herein is the ability to have the declarative infrastructure provisioning tool handle the release and essentially redeploy resources that already exist and / or have already been deployed, even though the declarative infrastructure provisioning tool is not designed to handle automatic redeployment of resources tied to a release.

[0088] Forcing the difference may include indicating to the declarative infrastructure provisioning tool that a difference exists between the current state and the desired state. In some embodiments, forcing the difference may be accomplished at least in part by generating a random release ID. A user 514 may want the release's resources to run on the execution target regardless of the current state of the execution target resources, even if the execution target resources are identical to the release resources. In this case, the user 514 may select an option to generate a random release ID in post processing by the control plane 506. However, in some cases, the control plane 506 may always generate a random release ID. The user 514 may then choose whether to use it or not by writing more configuration (e.g., disabling the default "use release ID to force difference" behavior). In some embodiments, once generated, the random release ID may be permanently tied to the release. The release may be transmitted to the CIOS domain 504, and the release's tasks may be assigned to workers 524 by the scheduler 522. Worker 524 can communicate with CIOS container 526, which can execute declarative infrastructure provisioning tool operations. CIOS container 526 can check for differences in the current state of the resource compared to the desired state of the resource. Within this check, CIOS container 526 can determine if the release includes a randomly generated release ID, which would enforce the difference. If the randomly generated release ID is unique and detected by CIOS container 526, CIOS container 526 can determine that a difference exists between the current state and the desired state, even if the resource to be deployed is the same as a resource that has already been deployed. In response to identifying this difference, a new release of the resource can be deployed.

[0089] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram 600 of a CIOS region 602 (e.g., CIOS region 504 of FIG. 5) architecture for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service, according to at least one embodiment. Similar to the portion of FIG. 5, CIOS region 602 can include CIOS region 604 (e.g., CIOS region 520 of FIG. 5) and scheduler 606 (e.g., scheduler 522 of FIG. 5), both of which can be computing devices. In some embodiments, CIOS region 604 and scheduler 606 can be on the same computing device. Scheduler 606 can be communicatively coupled to a task DB 608 that can help keep track of assigned tasks, and to workers 610, which can be computing devices that execute the tasks. Workers 610 can be part of a worker fleet that can include many workers 610. Worker 610 may be communicatively coupled to CIOS container 612 (e.g., CIOS container 528 of FIG. 5), which may be a computing device capable of executing declarative infrastructure provisioning tool operations within docker 614 (e.g., docker 530 of FIG. 5). Worker 610 may communicate with and send releases to CIOS container 612, which may determine whether a difference exists between a current state and a desired state. If a difference exists, worker 610 may perform assigned tasks, and in accordance with performing assigned tasks, worker 610 may perform outgoing API calls that may pass through signature proxy 616 (e.g., signature proxy 532 of FIG. 5). Signature proxy 616 may allow outgoing API calls or block all outgoing network traffic in some circumstances that are further discussed in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. Task DB 608 is shown as a database for scheduler 606, but it may also (or alternatively) be configured as a database for all of CIOS domains 604. This database 608 may be the authority for change activities occurring within the domain.An example of what is meant by "authority" is the following: CIOS central (e.g., 502 in FIG. 5) may be out of date about what is happening to a particular target in CIOS realm 602, which can cause CIOS realm 604 to request CIOS realm 602 to make changes when it is not safe to do so. In this example, CIOS realm's database 6008 is what can determine if it is safe to do so (e.g., there is / is not change activity already occurring for that target). In this example, CIOS realm 604 will check database 608 and return an HTTP 409 (e.g., conflict) to CIOS central 502.

[0090] In some embodiments, a user (e.g., user 514 of FIG. 5 ) may wish to retry the deployment, testing, or any other suitable execution of the appropriate resource. Some non-limiting examples of reasons for retrying the execution of a resource may be random failure of a previous execution, a bug in the code of a previous execution, etc. In addition to determining if a unique release ID is tied to the release, CIOS container 612 may check the execution ID and the status of the appropriate resource. Each time a resource execution is attempted, scheduler 610 may generate a unique execution ID that may be tied to the resource execution. In a non-limiting example where a user sends a retry command for a release, scheduler 610 may generate an execution ID and assign a task associated with the retry command to worker 612. Worker 612 may send the release ID, execution ID, and resource status to CIOS container 612. If the release ID differs from the current state, CIOS container 612 may identify the difference and worker 610 may execute the task. If the release ID of the desired state is the same as the release ID of the current state, CIOS container 612 may check the execution ID and release status. If CIOS container 612 determines that the execution ID of the current execution is different from the execution ID of the previous execution, and if CIOS container 612 determines that the release status of the previous execution was "failed" or any suitable similar status, worker 610 may attempt to execute the task on the resource again. If CIOS container 612 determines that the execution ID is the same as the previous execution or the release status is not failed, worker 610 may not execute the task.

[0091] FIG. 7 illustrates a snippet 700 of code for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service, according to at least one embodiment. The snippet 700 illustrates code for defining resources on which a deployment can be performed. The snippet 700 may include a resource type 702, a resource name 704, a release ID 706, and a resource state 708. The resource type 702 may include a deployment, test, or any other suitable resource type for the associated resource. The resource name 704 shown in the snippet 700 is "executor adl," but the resource name 704 may be any name suitable for describing the associated resource. The release ID 706 shown in the snippet 700 is "7e29d6aa-7dc6-4268-9f90-e57caf76e714," but the release ID 706 may be any randomly generated string to identify a unique release. Although the resource state 708 shown in snippet 700 is “Success,” the resource state 708 may be any suitable state to describe the associated resource (e.g., “Success,” “Failure,” “Approval,” “Approval Required,” etc.).

[0092] In some embodiments, the snippet 700 can serve as an address or identifier of a particular resource. A worker node (e.g., worker 610 of FIG. 6) can receive a task to execute the resource. The worker node can send the resource to a CIOS container (e.g., CIOS container 612 of FIG. 6), which can use the snippet 700 at least in part to determine if the resource is unique. The CIOS container can compare the resource type 702, resource name 704, and release ID 706 from the resource (desired state) with the resource currently being executed (current state). If a difference exists between the desired state and the current state, the CIOS container can identify that a difference exists, and the worker node can execute the resource to be executed.

[0093] In some embodiments, snippet 700 may include another line of code to identify a unique execution attempt, called an execution ID. The execution ID may be a string that may be randomly generated by a scheduler node (e.g., scheduler 606 of FIG. 6). The scheduler node may generate a random execution ID for each execution attempt of a resource and send the resource with the execution ID to a worker node. The worker node may send the resource with the execution ID to a CIOS container, which may determine whether a difference exists between the current state and the resource with the execution ID (the desired state). If the execution ID of the desired state is different from the current state and the resource state 708 of the current state is "failed," the CIOS container may determine that a difference exists between the current state and the desired state. According to the CIOS container identifying the difference, the worker node may execute the resource to be executed. This operation may be similar to the retry operation discussed above.

[0094] FIG. 8 illustrates snippets 800 and 802 of code for implementing at least some elements of a cloud infrastructure orchestration service according to at least one embodiment. Snippets 800 and 802 illustrate code that may be generated by a flock management component (e.g., control plane 506 of FIG. 5) during post-processing of a release created by a user (e.g., user 514 of FIG. 5). Snippet 800 illustrates an example of a provider file that may include a provider that may be a declarative infrastructure provisioning tool plug-in. The provider file may include a release ID callout 804 and an execution ID callout 806. The provider file may also include any other suitable provider or plug-in for the associated release. The release ID callout 804 may be an operation that injects a release ID (e.g., release ID 706 of FIG. 7) into a resource; as shown in snippet 800, the release ID callout 804 is “local.release.id”, but may be any suitable callout for injecting a release ID into a resource. The execution ID callout 806 may be an operation that injects an execution ID into a resource; as shown in snippet 800, the execution ID callout 806 is “local.execution.id,” but may be any suitable callout for injecting an execution ID into a resource.

[0095] Snippet 802 illustrates an example of a local file that may be generated by the flock management component in post-processing a resource. The local file may include a release ID 808 and execution target information 810. As shown in snippet 802, release ID 808 is "39ed7b9c-5519-4069-896d-8el7ed4fc29e", however, release ID 808 may be any suitable string to uniquely identify a release. Execution target information 810 may include various information regarding the execution target on which the release is being executed. As shown in snippet 802, execution target information 810 includes execution target name 812, however, the execution target information may be any suitable information related to the execution target. As shown in snippet 802, execution target name 812 is "ap-melbourne-1", however, execution target name 812 may be any suitable name of the execution target on which the resource is being deployed.

[0096] The local file of snippet 802 may include both a release ID 808 and an execution ID. During post-processing of a release, which may occur in CIOS central (e.g., CIOS central 102 of FIG. 1), a flock management component may generate a release ID 808 that may be included in the local file. The execution ID may be generated by a scheduler node that may update the local file with the execution ID. The provider file of snippet 800 may be populated with both the release ID 808 and the execution ID by utilizing release ID callout 804 and execution ID callout 806.

[0097] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram illustrating a process 900 for implementing CIOS techniques according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process is illustrated as a logical flow diagram, each operation of which may be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations may represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform a particular function or implement a particular data type. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and / or in parallel to implement the process.

[0098] In addition, process 900 may be executed under the control of one or more computing devices or computer systems configured with executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) that collectively execute on one or more processors, by hardware, or by a combination thereof. As mentioned above, the code may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program that includes multiple instructions executable by one or more processors. In some embodiments, process 900 may be executed in parallel by multiple processors. The computer-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.

[0099] 9 illustrates an example flow diagram illustrating a process 900 for implementing CIOS techniques for deploying resources to an execution target, according to at least one embodiment. Process 900 may begin at block 902, where a scheduler node (e.g., scheduler 206 of FIG. 2) receives a configuration file that may include a first release identifier (e.g., release ID 808 of FIG. 8), hereinafter referred to as a first release ID, for a first deployment of resources in an execution target. The scheduler node may send the configuration file to a worker node (e.g., worker 210 of FIG. 2), which may be part of a worker fleet that includes many worker nodes.

[0100] At block 904, a first deployment of resources according to the configuration file is performed in the execution target, and in some embodiments, by a worker node. In some examples, the execution target may be empty or otherwise without any resources deployed to it. The worker node may send the configuration file to a CIOS container (e.g., CIOS container 212 of FIG. 2) to determine whether differences exist between the resources currently in the execution target (current state) and the resources in the configuration file (desired state). At block 904, since the execution target may not have any resources, differences may exist and the worker node may perform a first deployment of resources in the execution target.

[0101] At block 906, the current state of the resource in the execution target is stored. In some examples, when a first deployment of the resource in the execution target is executed by a worker node, the current state of the resource in the execution target may be stored. The current state may be utilized, at least in part, in subsequent comparisons to determine whether to deploy a subsequent release in the execution target.

[0102] At block 908, the scheduler node receives a second configuration file, which may include a second release identifier, hereinafter referred to as a second release ID, for a second deployment of the resource in the execution target. The scheduler node may send the second configuration file to the worker nodes along with a task to perform the second deployment of the resource in the execution target.

[0103] In block 910, the worker node executes the plugin to compare the first release ID to the second release ID. The worker node can send the second configuration file to the CIOS container. In some examples, the CIOS container can determine whether a difference exists between the current state stored in block 906 of process 900 and the desired state defined in the second configuration file by comparing the first release ID to the second release ID.

[0104] In accordance with the CIOS container determining in block 912 that a difference does not exist between the first release ID and the second release ID, the worker node takes no action and the second deployment may not occur. In accordance with the CIOS container determining that a difference exists between the first release ID and the second release ID in block 914, the CIOS container may compare a current state of the resource in the execution subject to a desired state of the resource defined in the second configuration file. In some examples, in accordance with the CIOS container determining in block 910 that a difference exists between the first release ID and the second release ID, the CIOS container may skip directly to block 916.

[0105] At block 916, in accordance with the CIOS container determining that the current state of the resource is different from the desired state of the resource defined by the second configuration file, the resource may be deployed to the execution target in accordance with the second configuration file. The worker node may complete the task assigned to it by the scheduler node by executing a second deployment of the resource on the execution target. In some examples, the CIOS container may determine that the first release ID and the second release ID are the same, which may indicate that a user wants to retry the deployment. In this case, the CIOS container may compare the first execution ID of the first configuration file with the second execution ID of the second configuration file. In response to the CIOS container determining that the first execution ID and the second execution ID are different, the CIOS container may check the release status of the first configuration file. If the release status of the first configuration file is “failed” or any other similar status indicating that the first deployment of the resource may not have been successful, the worker node may execute a second deployment of the resource defined by the second configuration file.

[0106] FIG. 10 shows a simplified architecture 1000 to illustrate a technique for preventing concurrent execution of declarative infrastructure provisioning tools, according to at least one embodiment. The simplified architecture 1000 may include a CIOS domain 1002 (e.g., similar to CIOS domain 202 of FIG. 2), a scheduler 1004 (e.g., similar to scheduler 206 of FIG. 2), a worker 1006 (e.g., similar to worker 210 of FIG. 2), a CIOS container 1008 (e.g., similar to CIOS container 212 of FIG. 2), a docker 1010 (e.g., similar to docker 214 of FIG. 2), and a signing proxy 1012 (e.g., similar to signing proxy 216 of FIG. 2). The scheduler 1004 may be responsible for managing the capacity of the workers 1006 of the worker fleet, assigning tasks to the workers 1006, and tracking task states. The worker fleet may be a fleet of JVMs that manages declarative provisioning images. The worker fleet receives instructions from the scheduler 1004 and communicates results to both the scheduler 1004 and the CIOS domain 1002. The CIOS container 1008 can execute declarative provisioning actions in its own private Docker 1010 containers.

[0107] The signing proxy 1012 can control the network connectivity of the CIOS domain 1002, which can dictate whether or not an API call is made to the cloud service 1014. The signing proxy 1012 can test the lease 1016 between the scheduler 1004 and each worker 1006 from the worker fleet. In an exemplary embodiment, the lease 1016 is a heartbeat notification, and each worker 1006 can constantly send a notification to the scheduler 1004 that it is running and working on its assigned tasks. The frequency of the heartbeat notification can be the same among all workers 1006 in the worker fleet, can be selected by the scheduler 1004, or can be configured by a user / developer of the system. In some examples, the frequency can be 2 seconds, 3 seconds, 4 seconds, 5 seconds, or any other suitable amount of time for monitoring the progress of the workers 1006. If the lease 1016 is valid, meaning that the scheduler 1004 receives a heartbeat notification from the worker 1006, the signing proxy 1012 may execute the call 1018 to the cloud service 1014. If the lease 1016 is invalid, meaning that the scheduler 1004 does not receive a heartbeat notification, the signing proxy 1012 may not execute the call 1018 to the cloud service; instead, the signing proxy 1012 may block all outgoing network traffic and not make API calls to prevent concurrent execution of tasks assigned to the worker fleet. In the exemplary case where the signing proxy 1012 blocks all outgoing network traffic, the worker 1006, the CIOS container 1008, or any other suitable component may continue to run the declarative provisioner, but no progress may be made due to the lack of API calls to the cloud service 1014.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, each worker 1006 in the worker fleet is given at most one unique task by the scheduler 1004, and each worker sends a heartbeat notification to the scheduler 1004 to inform the scheduler 1004 that the lease 1016 is valid. A worker 1006 that successfully sends a heartbeat notification may be considered a healthy worker, and a worker 1006 that does not successfully send a heartbeat notification may be considered an unhealthy worker. Reasons for a worker 1006 not sending a heartbeat notification include the worker's host failing, the worker's process failing, the relationship between the worker 1006 and the scheduler 1004 failing (e.g., load balancer, network connectivity, etc.), or any other suitable reason for not sending a heartbeat notification. In the case of an unhealthy worker in a worker fleet, there may be a risk of concurrent execution of tasks. There may be a risk of disruptions to the infrastructure if the tasks are executed concurrently. This risk can be mitigated or eliminated when the signing proxy 1012 blocks all outgoing network traffic and prevents any API calls, does not receive heartbeat notifications, and identifies unhealthy workers.

[0109] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram illustrating a process 1100 for implementing the technology of CIOS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The process is illustrated as a logical flow diagram, each operation of which may be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations may represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform a particular function or implement a particular data type. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and / or in parallel to implement the process.

[0110] In addition, the process 1100 may be executed under the control of one or more computing devices or computer systems configured with executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) that collectively execute on one or more processors, by hardware, or by a combination thereof. As mentioned above, the code may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program that includes multiple instructions executable by one or more processors. In some embodiments, the process 1100 may be executed in parallel by multiple processors. The computer-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.

[0111] 11 depicts an example flow diagram illustrating a process 1100 for implementing CIOS techniques for preventing concurrency of a declarative infrastructure provisioner, according to at least one embodiment. Process 1100 may begin at block 1102, where a worker node (e.g., worker 1006 of FIG. 10) receives a task for deploying an infrastructure resource. The task may be given to the worker node by a scheduler node (e.g., scheduler 1004 of FIG. 10), and the worker node may be given only one unique task at any given time. However, in some examples, the worker node may have many tasks hanging at the same time.

[0112] At block 1104, the worker node provides a heartbeat notification to the scheduler node. The heartbeat notification may be a notification that the worker node is running and is executing a task that was given to the worker node by the scheduler node. The communication of the heartbeat notification from the worker node to the scheduler node may be referred to as a lease (e.g., lease 1016 of FIG. 10).

[0113] In block 1106, the signing proxy (e.g., signing proxy 1012 of FIG. 10) tracks heartbeat notifications that the worker nodes send to the scheduler node. Each worker node in the worker fleet may send a heartbeat notification to the scheduler node, and the signing proxy may track each of these heartbeat notifications in an attempt to identify any worker nodes that may be unhealthy.

[0114] At block 1108, the signing proxy receives a request from the worker node corresponding to execution of a task assigned to the worker node, which may include making an API call to a cloud service (e.g., cloud service 1002 of FIG. 10).

[0115] In block 1110, the signing proxy determines whether the lease for the worker node that made the request in block 1108, for example, is valid. The signing proxy may determine whether a heartbeat notification from the worker node was sent correctly to the scheduler node. If a heartbeat notification was not sent properly from the worker node to the scheduler node, the signing proxy may consider the worker node to be unhealthy.

[0116] In block 1112, in accordance with the signing proxy determining that the lease is valid, the signing proxy makes a call to the cloud service on behalf of the worker node. If the worker node successfully sends a heartbeat notification to the scheduler node, the signing proxy may determine that the worker node is healthy. The signing proxy may execute an API call to the cloud service on behalf of the healthy worker node.

[0117] In accordance with the signing proxy determining that the lease is invalid at block 1114, the signing proxy does not make the call to the cloud service, but instead blocks the worker node's access to the cloud service. If the worker node does not successfully send a heartbeat notification to the scheduler node, the signing proxy may determine that the worker node is unhealthy. An unhealthy worker node may execute tasks that are already being executed by a different healthy worker node. Such concurrent execution of tasks may risk disrupting the infrastructure. To mitigate or eliminate this risk, the signing proxy may block all outgoing network traffic and prevent the worker node from accessing the cloud service, which may prevent concurrent execution of tasks assigned to the worker node.

[0118] 12 and 13 illustrate aspects of an exemplary environment for implementing aspects of the disclosure, according to various embodiments. FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified diagram of a distributed system 1200 for implementing embodiments of the disclosure. In the illustrated embodiment, the distributed system 1200 includes one or more client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and 1208 configured to execute and operate client applications, such as web browsers, proprietary clients (e.g., Oracle Forms), via one or more networks 1210. A server 1212 may be communicatively coupled to the client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and 1208 via the network 1210.

[0119] In various embodiments, the server 1212 may be adapted to execute one or more services or software applications, such as services and applications that provide identity management services. In an embodiment, the server 1212 may also provide other services or software applications may include non-virtual and virtual environments. In an embodiment, these services may be provided to users of the client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and / or 1208 as web-based or cloud services or under a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model. Users operating the client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and / or 1208 may then utilize one or more client applications to interact with the server 1212 to utilize the services provided by these components.

[0120] In the configuration shown in FIG. 12, the software components 1218, 1220, and 1222 of the system 1200 are shown as being implemented on the server 1212. In other embodiments, one or more of the components of the system 1200 and / or the services provided by these components may also be implemented by one or more of the client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and / or 1208. A user operating a client computing device may then utilize one or more client applications to use the services provided by these components. These components may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. It should be understood that various separate system configurations are possible that may differ from the distributed system 1200. The embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is thus an example of a distributed system for implementing the system of the embodiments and is not intended to be limiting.

[0121] The client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and / or 1208 may include various types of computing systems. For example, the client computing devices may include portable handheld devices (e.g., iPhones, mobile phones, iPads, computing tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs)) or wearable devices (e.g., Google Glass head mounted displays) running software such as Microsoft Windows Mobile, and / or various mobile operating systems such as iOS, Windows Phone, Android, BlackBerry 10, Palm OS, etc. The devices may support various applications such as various Internet-related apps, email, short message service (SMS) applications, and may use various other communication protocols. The client computing devices may also include general purpose personal computers, including, by way of example, personal computers and / or laptop computers running various versions of Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and / or Linux operating systems. The client computing devices may be workstation computers running any of the various commercially available UNIX or UNIX-like operating systems, including, but not limited to, various GNU / Linux operating systems such as Google Chrome OS. The client computing devices may also include electronic devices such as thin-client computers, Internet-enabled gaming systems (e.g., Microsoft Xbox gaming consoles with or without Kinect gesture input devices), and / or personal messaging devices, that may communicate over the network 1210.

[0122] Although the distributed system 1200 of Figure 12 is shown with four client computing devices, any number of client computing devices may be supported. Other devices, such as devices with sensors, may interact with the server 1212.

[0123] Network 1210 in distributed system 1200 may be any type of network familiar to those skilled in the art that is capable of supporting data communications using any of a variety of available protocols, including, but not limited to, TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol), SNA (Systems Network Architecture), IPX (Internet Packet Exchange), AppleTalk, etc. By way of example only, network 1210 may be a local area network (LAN), an Ethernet-based network, a token ring, a wide area network, the Internet, a virtual network, a virtual private network (VPN), an intranet, an extranet, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), an infrared network, a wireless network (e.g., a network operating under any of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics) 1002.16 protocol suite, Bluetooth, and / or any other wireless protocol), and / or any combination of these and / or other networks.

[0124] The servers 1212 may be comprised of one or more general purpose computers, dedicated server computers (including, by way of example, PC (personal computer) servers, UNIX servers, mid-range servers, mainframe computers, rack-mounted servers, etc.), server farms, server clusters, or any other suitable configuration and / or combination. The servers 1212 may include one or more virtual machines running a virtual operating system, or other computing architectures involving virtualization. One or more flexible pools of logical storage may be virtualized to maintain virtual storage for the servers. Virtual networks may be controlled by the servers 1212 using software-defined networking. In various embodiments, the servers 1212 may be adapted to execute one or more services or software applications described in the preceding disclosure. For example, the servers 1212 may correspond to a server for executing processes as described above according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] Server 1212 may run an operating system, including any of those discussed above, and any commercially available server operating system. Server 1212 may also run any of a variety of additional server applications and / or mid-tier applications, including an HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) server, an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server, a CGI (Common Gateway Interface) server, a JAVA server, a database server, etc. Examples of database servers include, but are not limited to, those commercially available from Oracle, Microsoft, Sybase, IBM (International Business Machines), etc.

[0126] In some embodiments, server 1212 may include one or more applications for analyzing and consolidating data feeds and / or event updates received from users of client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and 1208. By way of example, the data feeds and / or event updates may include, but are not limited to, Twitter feeds, Facebook updates, or real-time updates received from one or more third party information sources and continuous data streams that may include real-time events associated with sensor data applications, financial tickers, network performance measurement tools (e.g., network monitoring and traffic management applications), clickstream analysis tools, automotive traffic monitoring, and the like. Server 1212 may also include one or more applications for displaying the data feeds and / or real-time events via one or more display devices of client computing devices 1202, 1204, 1206, and 1208.

[0127] The distributed system 1200 may also include one or more databases 1214 and 1216. These databases may provide a mechanism for storing information such as user identification information and other information used by embodiments of the present disclosure. The databases 1214 and 1216 may reside in a variety of locations. By way of example, one or more of the databases 1214 and 1216 may reside on a non-transitory storage medium local to (and / or resident on) the server 1212. Alternatively, the databases 1214 and 1216 may be remote from the server 1212 and communicate with the server 1212 via a network-based or dedicated connection. In one set of embodiments, the databases 1214 and 1216 may reside within a storage area network (SAN). Similarly, any necessary files for performing functions ascribed to the server 1212 may be stored locally and / or remotely on the server 1212, as appropriate. In one set of embodiments, databases 1214 and 1216 may include relational databases, such as those provided by Oracle Corporation, that are adapted to store, update, and retrieve data in response to SQL-formatted commands.

[0128] 13 illustrates an exemplary computer system 1300 that may be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the computer system 1300 may be used to implement any of the various servers and computer systems described above. As shown in FIG. 13, the computer system 1300 comprises various subsystems, including a processing subsystem 1304 that communicates with several peripheral subsystems via a bus subsystem 1302. These peripheral subsystems may include a processing acceleration unit 1306, an I / O subsystem 1308, a storage subsystem 1318, and a communication subsystem 1324. The storage subsystem 1318 may include a tangible computer-readable storage medium 1322 and a system memory 1310.

[0129] Bus subsystem 1302 provides a mechanism for allowing the various components and subsystems of computer system 1300 to communicate with each other as intended. Although bus subsystem 1302 is shown diagrammatically as a single bus, alternative embodiments of the bus subsystem may utilize multiple buses. Bus subsystem 1302 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. For example, such architectures may include a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, which may be implemented as an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a MicroChannel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and a mezzanine bus manufactured in accordance with the IEEE P1386.1 standard, and the like.

[0130] The processing subsystem 1304 controls the operation of the computer system 1300 and may include one or more processing units 1332, 1334, etc. The processing units may include one or more processors, including single-core or multi-core processors, one or more cores of a processor, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the processing subsystem 1304 may include one or more dedicated co-processors, such as a graphics processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), etc. In an embodiment, some or all of the processing units of the processing subsystem 1304 may be implemented using customized circuitry, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0131] In an embodiment, the processing units in the processing subsystem 1304 can execute instructions stored in the system memory 1310 or on the computer readable storage medium 1322. In various embodiments, the processing units can execute various program or code instructions and can maintain multiple programs or processes running simultaneously. At any given time, some or all of the program code being executed can reside in the system memory 1310 and / or on the computer readable storage medium 1312, potentially including on one or more storage devices. Through appropriate programming, the processing subsystem 1304 can provide the various functions described above for dynamically modifying documents (e.g., web pages) in response to usage patterns.

[0132] In one embodiment, a processing acceleration unit 1306 may be provided to perform customized processing to accelerate the overall processing performed by the computer system 1300 or to offload some of the processing performed by the processing subsystem 1304.

[0133] The I / O subsystem 1308 may include devices and mechanisms for inputting information to the computer system 1300 and / or outputting information from or through the computer system 1300. In general, use of the term "input device" is intended to include all possible types of devices and mechanisms for inputting information to the computer system 1300. User interface input devices may include, for example, keyboards, pointing devices such as mice or trackballs, touchpads or touchscreens integrated into displays, scroll wheels, click wheels, dials, buttons, switches, keypads, voice input devices with voice command recognition systems, microphones, and other types of input devices. User interface input devices may also include motion sensing and / or gesture recognition devices, such as a Microsoft Kinect® motion sensor, a Microsoft Xbox® 360 game controller, that allow a user to control and interact with the input device, devices that provide an interface for receiving input using gesture and speech commands. The user interface input devices may also include an eye gesture recognition device, such as a Google Glass® blink detector, that detects eye activity from the user (e.g., "blinking" while taking a picture and / or making a menu selection) and translates the eye gesture as input to the input device (e.g., Google Glass®). In addition, the user interface input devices may include a voice recognition sensing device that allows the user to interact with a voice recognition system (e.g., the Siri® navigator) through voice commands.

[0134] Other examples of user interface input devices include, but are not limited to, three-dimensional (3D) mice, joysticks or pointing sticks, game pads and graphic tablets, as well as audio / visual devices such as speakers, digital cameras, digital camcorders, portable media players, webcams, image scanners, fingerprint scanners, barcode readers 3D scanners, 3D printers, laser range finders, and eye-tracking devices. In addition, user interface input devices may include medical imaging input devices, such as, for example, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and medical ultrasound equipment. User interface input devices may also include audio input devices, such as, for example, MIDI keyboards, digital musical instruments, and the like.

[0135] User interface output devices may include non-visual displays such as a display subsystem, indicator lights, or audio output devices. The display subsystem may be a flat panel device such as one using a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD) or plasma display, a projection device, a touch screen, etc. In general, use of the term "output device" is intended to include all possible types of devices and mechanisms for outputting information from computer system 1300 to a user or to another computer. For example, user interface output devices may include a variety of display devices that visually convey text, graphics, and audio / video information, such as, but not limited to, monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, automobile navigation systems, plotters, audio output devices, and modems.

[0136] The storage subsystem 1318 provides a repository or data store for storing information used by the computer system 1300. The storage subsystem 1318 provides a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium for storing the basic programming and data structures that provide the functionality of an embodiment. Software (programs, code modules, instructions) that, when executed by the processing subsystem 1304, provide the functionality described above may be stored in the storage subsystem 1318. The software may be executed by one or more processing units of the processing subsystem 1304. The storage subsystem 1318 may also provide a repository for storing data used in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0137] The storage subsystem 1318 may include one or more non-transitory memory devices, including volatile and non-volatile memory devices. As shown in FIG. 13, the storage subsystem 1318 includes a system memory 1310 and a computer-readable storage medium 1322. The system memory 1310 may include several memories, including a volatile main random access memory (RAM) for storing instructions and data during program execution, and a non-volatile read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory in which fixed instructions are stored. In some embodiments, a basic input / output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer system 1300, such as during start-up, may be stored in the ROM. The RAM may include data and / or program modules currently being operated and executed by the processing subsystem 1304. In some embodiments, the system memory 1310 may include several different types of memory, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0138] 13, system memory 1310 may store application programs 1314, which may include client applications, a web browser, a mid-tier application, a relational database management system (RDBMS), and the like, program data 1314, and operating system 1316. By way of example, operating system 1316 may include various versions of Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and / or Linux operating systems, various commercially available UNIX or UNIX-like operating systems (including, but not limited to, various GNU Linux operating systems, Google Chrome OS, and the like), and / or mobile operating systems, such as iOS, Windows Phone, Android OS, BlackBerry 10 OS, and Palm OS operating systems.

[0139] The computer readable storage medium 1322 may store programming and data structures that provide functionality of an embodiment. Software (programs, code modules, instructions) that, when executed by the processing subsystem 1304, cause the processor to provide the functionality described above may be stored in the storage subsystem 1318. By way of example, the computer readable storage medium 1322 may include non-volatile memory such as a hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, a CD-ROM, an optical disk drive such as a DVD, a Blu-ray disk, or other optical media. The computer readable storage medium 1322 may include, but is not limited to, a Zip drive, a flash memory card, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive, a Secure Digital (SD) card, a DVD disk, a digital video tape, and the like. The computer readable storage medium 1322 may also include solid state drives (SSDs) based on non-volatile memory such as flash memory based SSDs, enterprise flash drives, solid state ROM, and volatile memory based SSDs such as solid state RAM, dynamic RAM, static RAM, DRAM based SSDs, magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) SSDs, and hybrid SSDs using a combination of DRAM and flash memory based SSDs. The computer readable medium 1322 may provide storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for the computer system 1300.

[0140] In one embodiment, storage subsystem 1300 may also include a computer readable storage medium reader 1340, which may be further coupled to computer readable storage medium 1322. Along with, or optionally in combination with, system memory 1310, computer readable storage medium 1322 may comprehensively represent remote, local, fixed, and / or removable storage plus storage media for storing computer readable information.

[0141] In one embodiment, computer system 1300 may provide support for running one or more virtual machines. Computer system 1300 may execute programs such as a hypervisor to facilitate configuration and management of virtual machines. Each virtual machine may be assigned memory, computational (e.g., processors, cores), I / O, and networking resources. Each virtual machine may run its own operating system, which may be the same or different from the operating systems run by other virtual machines executed by computer system 1300. Thus, multiple operating systems may potentially be run simultaneously by computer system 1300. Each virtual machine generally operates independently from other virtual machines.

[0142] The communications subsystem 1324 provides an interface to other computer systems and networks. The communications subsystem 1324 serves as an interface for receiving data from and transmitting data to other systems from the computer system 1300. For example, the communications subsystem 1324 may enable the computer system 1300 to establish a communications channel over the Internet to one or more client devices to send and receive information to and from the one or more client devices. Additionally, the communications subsystem 1324 may be used to communicate notifications of successful logins or notifications to re-enter a password from a privileged account manager to a requesting user.

[0143] The communications subsystem 1324 may support both wired and / or wireless communication protocols. For example, in one embodiment, the communications subsystem 1324 may include radio frequency (RF) transceiver components for accessing wireless voice and / or data networks (e.g., using cellular telephone technologies, advanced data network technologies such as 3G, 4G, or EDGE (enhanced data rates for global evolution)), WiFi (IEEE 802.13 family of standards, or other mobile communications technologies, or any combination thereof), global positioning system (GPS) receiver components, and / or other components. In one embodiment, the communications subsystem 1324 may provide a wired network connection (e.g., Ethernet) in addition to or instead of a wireless interface.

[0144] The communications subsystem 1324 may receive and transmit data in a variety of forms. For example, in one embodiment, the communications subsystem 1324 may receive incoming communications in the form of structured and / or unstructured data feeds 1326, event streams 1328, event updates 1330, etc. For example, the communications subsystem 1324 may be configured to receive (or send) data feeds 1326 in real time from users of other communications services, such as social media networks, web feeds such as Twitter® feeds, Facebook® updates, Rich Site Summary (RSS) feeds, and / or real-time updates from one or more third party information sources.

[0145] In an embodiment, the communications subsystem 1324 may be configured to receive data in the form of a continuous data stream, which may include an event stream 1328 of real-time events and / or event updates 1330, which may be continuous or infinite in nature with no explicit end. Examples of applications that generate continuous data may include, for example, sensor data applications, financial tickers, network performance measurement tools (e.g., network monitoring and traffic management applications), clickstream analysis tools, automobile traffic monitoring, etc.

[0146] The communications subsystem 1324 may also be configured to output structured and / or unstructured data feeds 1326, event streams 1328, event updates 1330, etc. to one or more databases that may be in communication with one or more streaming data source computers coupled to the computer system 1300.

[0147] The computer system 1300 may be one of a variety of types, including a handheld portable device (e.g., an iPhone® mobile phone, an iPad® computing tablet, a PDA), a wearable device (e.g., a Google Glass® head-mounted display), a personal computer, a workstation, a mainframe, a kiosk, a server rack, or any other data processing system.

[0148] Due to the ever-changing nature of computers and networks, the description of computer system 1300 depicted in Figure 13 is intended as an example only. Many other configurations are possible having more or fewer components than the system shown in Figure 13. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other ways and / or methods for implementing various embodiments.

[0149] The system illustrated in some of the figures may be provided in a variety of configurations: In one embodiment, the system may be configured as a distributed system in which one or more components of the system are distributed across one or more networks in one or more cloud infrastructure systems.

[0150] A cloud infrastructure system is a collection of one or more server computing devices, network devices, and / or storage devices. These resources may be divided by a cloud service provider and allocated in some manner to its customers. For example, a cloud service provider such as Oracle Corporation of Redwood Shores, California may offer various types of cloud services, including, but not limited to, one or more services offered under the Software as a Service (SaaS) category, services offered under the Platform as a Service (PaaS) category, services offered under the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) category, or services in other categories, including hybrid services. Examples of SaaS services include, but are not limited to, the ability to build and deliver a suite of on-demand applications, such as Oracle Fusion applications. SaaS services allow customers to utilize applications that run on a cloud infrastructure system without the customer having to purchase software for the applications. Examples of PaaS services include, but are not limited to, services that enable organizations (such as Oracle) to consolidate existing applications on a shared common architecture, as well as the ability to build new applications that leverage shared services offered by platforms such as Oracle Java Cloud Services (JCS), Oracle Database Cloud Services (DBCS), etc. IaaS services may facilitate the management and control of underlying computing resources, such as storage, network, and other fundamental computing resources, for customers who utilize the services offered by SaaS and PaaS platforms.

[0151] 14 is a simplified block diagram of one or more components of a system environment 1400 in which services provided by one or more components of an embodiment system may be provided as cloud services, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. In the illustrated embodiment, the system environment 1400 includes one or more client computing devices 1404, 1406, and 1408 that may be used by a user to interact with a cloud infrastructure system 1402 that provides cloud services. The client computing devices may be configured to run a client application, such as a web browser, a proprietary client application (e.g., Oracle Forms), or some other application, that may be used by a user of the client computing device to interact with the cloud infrastructure system 1402 to use the services provided by the cloud infrastructure system 1402.

[0152] It should be understood that the cloud infrastructure system 1402 depicted in the figure may have other components than those depicted. Additionally, the embodiment depicted in the figure is only one example of a cloud infrastructure system that may incorporate embodiments of the present disclosure. In some other embodiments, the cloud infrastructure system 1402 may have more or fewer components than depicted in the figure, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of components.

[0153] The client computing devices 1404, 1406, and 1408 may be devices similar to those described above for 1202, 1204, 1206, and 1208.

[0154] Although an exemplary system environment 1400 is shown with three client computing devices, any number of client computing devices may be supported. Other devices, such as devices with sensors, etc., may interact with the cloud infrastructure system 1402.

[0155] Network 1410 may facilitate communication and exchange of data between clients 1404, 1406, and 1408 and cloud infrastructure system 1402. Each network may be any type of network familiar to those skilled in the art capable of supporting data communications using any of a variety of commercially available protocols, including those described above for network 1410.

[0156] The cloud infrastructure system 1402 may include one or more computers and / or servers, which may include those described above for the server 1212.

[0157] In one embodiment, the services provided by the cloud infrastructure system may include a host of services made available to users of the cloud infrastructure system on demand, such as online data storage and backup solutions, web-based email services, hosted office suites and document collaboration services, database processing, managed technical support services, etc. The services provided by the cloud infrastructure system may be dynamically scaled to meet the needs of its users. A particular instantiation of a service provided by the cloud infrastructure system is referred to herein as a "service instance." In general, any service made available to users from a cloud service provider's system over a communications network such as the Internet is referred to as a "cloud service." In a public cloud environment, the servers and systems that make up the cloud service provider's system are distinct from the customer's own on-premise servers and systems. For example, the cloud service provider's system may host applications, which users may order and use on demand over a communications network such as the Internet.

[0158] In some examples, services in a computer network cloud infrastructure may include protected computer network access to storage, hosted databases, hosted web servers, software applications, or other services provided by a cloud vendor to users, or other services known in the art. For example, a service may include password-protected access to remote storage on the cloud over the Internet. As another example, a service may include a web services-based hosted relational database and a scripting language middleware engine for private use by networked developers. As another example, a service may include access to an email software application hosted on a cloud vendor's website.

[0159] In one embodiment, cloud infrastructure system 1402 may include a suite of application, middleware, and database service offerings that are delivered to customers in a self-service, subscription-based, elastically scalable, reliable, highly available, and secure manner. An example of such a cloud infrastructure system is the Oracle Public Cloud offered by the present assignee.

[0160] In various embodiments, cloud infrastructure system 1402 may be adapted to automatically provision, manage, and track customer subscriptions to services offered by cloud infrastructure system 1402. Cloud infrastructure system 1402 may provide cloud services through different deployment models. For example, the services may be provided under a public cloud model, where cloud infrastructure system 1402 is owned by an organization that sells cloud services (e.g., owned by Oracle Corporation) and the services are made available to the general public or to companies in different industries. As another example, the services may be provided under a private cloud model, where cloud infrastructure system 1402 operates only for a single organization and may provide services to one or more entities in that organization. Cloud services may also be provided under a community cloud model, where cloud infrastructure system 1402 and the services provided by cloud infrastructure system 1402 are shared by several organizations within an associated community. Cloud services may also be provided under a hybrid cloud model, which is a combination of two or more different models.

[0161] In an embodiment, the services offered by cloud infrastructure system 1402 may include one or more services offered under the Software as a Service (SaaS) category, Platform as a Service (PaaS) category, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) category, or other category of services including hybrid services. A customer may order one or more services offered by cloud infrastructure system 1402 via a subscription order. Cloud infrastructure system 1402 then performs processing to provide the services in the customer's subscription order.

[0162] In an embodiment, the services provided by the cloud infrastructure system 1402 may include, but are not limited to, application services, platform services, and infrastructure services. In some examples, application services may be provided by the cloud infrastructure system through a SaaS platform. The SaaS platform may be configured to provide cloud services that fall under the SaaS category. For example, the SaaS platform may provide capabilities for building and delivering a suite of on-demand applications on an integrated development and deployment platform. The SaaS platform may manage and control the underlying software and infrastructure for providing the SaaS services. By utilizing the services provided by the SaaS platform, customers can utilize applications that run on the cloud infrastructure system. Customers can obtain application services without having to purchase separate licenses and support. A variety of different SaaS services may be provided. Examples include, but are not limited to, services that provide solutions for sales performance management, enterprise integration, and business flexibility for large organizations.

[0163] In an embodiment, platform services may be provided by the cloud infrastructure system via a PaaS platform. The PaaS platform may be configured to provide cloud services that fall under the PaaS category. Examples of platform services may include, but are not limited to, services that allow organizations (such as Oracle) to consolidate existing applications on a shared common architecture, as well as the ability to build new applications that leverage the shared services provided by the platform. The PaaS platform may manage and control the underlying software and infrastructure to provide the PaaS services. Customers may obtain the PaaS services provided by the cloud infrastructure system without the customer having to purchase separate licenses and support. Examples of platform services include, but are not limited to, Oracle Java Cloud Services (JCS), Oracle Database Cloud Services (DBCS), and the like.

[0164] By utilizing the services provided by the PaaS platform, customers can adopt programming languages ​​and tools supported by the cloud infrastructure system and also control the deployed services. In an embodiment, the platform services provided by the cloud infrastructure system may include database cloud services, middleware cloud services (e.g., Oracle Fusion middleware services), and Java cloud services. In one embodiment, the database cloud services may support a shared services deployment model that allows organizations to pool database resources and provide databases as a service to customers in the form of database clouds. The middleware cloud services may provide a platform for customers to develop and deploy various business applications, and the Java cloud services may provide a platform for customers to deploy Java applications in the cloud infrastructure system.

[0165] A variety of different infrastructure services may be provided by the IaaS platform in a cloud infrastructure system. The infrastructure services facilitate management and control of underlying computing resources, such as storage, network, and other fundamental computing resources, for customers who use the services provided by the SaaS and PaaS platforms.

[0166] In one embodiment, cloud infrastructure system 1402 may also include infrastructure resources 1430 for providing resources used to provide various services to customers of the cloud infrastructure system. In one embodiment, infrastructure resources 1430 may include a pre-integrated and optimized combination of hardware, such as servers, storage, and networking resources, for running the services offered by the PaaS and SaaS platforms.

[0167] In one embodiment, resources in cloud infrastructure system 1402 may be shared by multiple users and dynamically reallocated per demand. In addition, resources may be allocated to users in different time zones. For example, cloud infrastructure system 1430 may allow a set of users in a first time zone to utilize resources in the cloud infrastructure system for a specified amount of time and then reallocate the same resources to another set of users located in a different time zone, thereby maximizing utilization of the resources.

[0168] In an embodiment, several internal shared services 1432 may be provided that are shared by different components or modules of cloud infrastructure system 1402 and by the services provided by cloud infrastructure system 1402. These internal shared services may include, but are not limited to, security and identity services, integration services, enterprise repository services, enterprise manager services, virus scanning and whitelist services, high availability, backup and recovery services, services to enable cloud support, email services, notification services, file transfer services, etc.

[0169] In one embodiment, cloud infrastructure system 1402 may provide comprehensive management of cloud services (e.g., SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS services) in the cloud infrastructure system. In one embodiment, cloud management functions may include capabilities for provisioning, managing, tracking customer subscriptions received by cloud infrastructure system 1402, and the like.

[0170] In one embodiment, as shown in the figure, cloud management functionality may be provided by one or more modules, such as an order management module 1420, an order orchestration module 1422, an order provisioning module 1424, an order management and monitoring module 1426, and an identity management module 1428. These modules may include or be provided using one or more computers and / or servers, which may be general purpose computers, dedicated server computers, server farms, server clusters, or any other suitable configuration.

[0171] In an example operation 1434, a customer using a client device, such as client device 1404, 1406, or 1408, may interact with cloud infrastructure system 1402 by requesting one or more services offered by cloud infrastructure system 1402 and placing an order for a subscription to one or more services offered by cloud infrastructure system 1402. In an embodiment, the customer may access a cloud user interface (UI), cloud UI 1416, cloud UI 1414, and / or cloud UI 1416 and place a subscription order via these UIs. Order information received by cloud infrastructure system 1402 in response to a customer placing an order may include information identifying the customer and the one or more services offered by cloud infrastructure system 1402 to which the customer wishes to subscribe.

[0172] After an order is placed by a customer, the order information is received via cloud UI 1414, 1414 and / or 1416.

[0173] In operation 1436, the order is stored in order database 1418. Order database 1418 may be one of several databases operated by cloud infrastructure system 1402, along with other system elements.

[0174] At operation 1438, the order information is forwarded to the order management module 1420. In some examples, the order management module 1420 may be configured to perform billing and accounting functions associated with the order, such as validating the order and booking the order upon validation.

[0175] At operation 1440, information regarding the order is communicated to the order orchestration module 1422. The order orchestration module 1422 can utilize the order information to coordinate the provisioning of services and resources for the order placed by the customer. In some examples, the order orchestration module 1422 can coordinate the provisioning of resources to support the services subscribed to using the services of the order provisioning module 1424.

[0176] In one embodiment, the order orchestration module 1422 enables management of business processes associated with each order and applies business logic to determine whether the order should proceed to provisioning. In operation 1442, upon receiving a new subscription order, the order orchestration module 1422 sends a request to the order provisioning module 1424 to allocate resources and configure resources needed to fulfill the subscription order. The order provisioning module 1424 enables allocation of resources for services ordered by a customer. The order provisioning module 1424 provides a level of abstraction between the cloud services provided by the cloud infrastructure system 1402 and the physical implementation layer used to provision resources to provide the requested services. Thus, the order orchestration module 1422 can be insulated from implementation details, such as whether services and resources are actually provisioned on the fly or pre-provisioned and allocated / allocated only on demand.

[0177] At operation 1444, once the services and resources are provisioned, a notification of the provided services may be sent by the order provisioning module 1424 of the cloud infrastructure system 1402 to the customer on the client computing devices 1404, 1406 and / or 1408. At operation 1446, the customer's subscription order may be managed and tracked by the order management and monitoring module 1426. In some instances, the order management and monitoring module 1426 may be configured to collect usage statistics for the services in the subscription order, such as the amount of storage used, the amount of data transferred, the number of users, and the amount of system up and down time.

[0178] In certain embodiments, cloud infrastructure system 1402 may include identity management module 1428. Identity management module 1428 may be configured to provide identity services, such as access management and authorization services in cloud infrastructure system 1402. In an embodiment, identity management module 1428 may control information regarding customers who wish to utilize services provided by cloud infrastructure system 1402. Such information may include information authenticating the identities of such customers and information describing what actions those customers are permitted to perform on various system resources (e.g., files, directories, applications, communication ports, memory segments, etc.). Identity management module 1428 may also include management of descriptive information regarding each customer, as well as how and by whom that descriptive information may be accessed and modified.

[0179] Although specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, various modifications, changes, alternative configurations, and equivalents are also encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to operating in a particular data processing environment, but can freely operate in multiple data processing environments. In addition, although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described using a particular sequence of processes and steps, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the sequence of processes and steps described. Various features and aspects of the above-described embodiments may be used individually or jointly.

[0180] Furthermore, although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described using a particular combination of hardware and software, it should be appreciated that other combinations of hardware and software are within the scope of the present disclosure. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using only hardware, only software, or a combination thereof. The various processes described herein may be implemented in any combination on the same processor or different processors. Thus, when a component or module is described as being configured to perform a certain operation, such configuration may be achieved, for example, by designing electronic circuitry to perform the operation, by programming a programmable electronic circuit (such as a microprocessor) to perform the operation, or by any combination thereof. Processes may communicate using a variety of techniques, including, but not limited to, conventional techniques for inter-process communication, and different pairs of processes may use different techniques, or the same pair of processes may use different techniques at different times.

[0181] Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will be apparent, however, that additions, subtractions, deletions, and other modifications and changes may be made without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, although certain disclosed embodiments have been described, they are not intended to be limiting. Various modifications and equivalents are within the scope of the following claims. Such modifications include appropriate combinations of the disclosed features.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method comprising: The method further includes receiving, as a scheduler, a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource in an execution target, the configuration file including a first release identifier, the method further including: The processor deploys resources to the execution target according to the configuration file; storing, by the processor, in a memory of the computer, a current state of the resource; and receiving, by the processor as the scheduler, a second version of the configuration file for a new deployment on the execution target, the second version of the configuration file including a second release identifier, the method further comprising: the processor executing a plug-in to compare the first release identifier to the second release identifier; and in response to the first release identifier being different from the second release identifier, the processor deploys resources to the execution target according to the second version of the configuration file.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scheduler is implemented by a regional infrastructure service.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the regional infrastructure service implements a declarative infrastructure provisioning tool.

4. The method of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the scheduler is in communication with a plurality of worker nodes.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein deploying resources to the execution target comprises assigning a task to at least one of the plurality of worker nodes.

6. The method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the configuration file is received by the scheduler from a flock manager of a central infrastructure service.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the central infrastructure service is mandatory.

8. The method of claim 6 or claim 7, wherein at least one of the first release identifier or the second release identifier is randomly generated by the flock manager of the central infrastructure service.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the flock manager is configured to insert at least one of the first release identifier or the second release identifier into the configuration file.

10. The processor, using the plugin, comparing the current state of the resource to a desired state of the resource according to a second version of the configuration file; 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to determining that the desired state is different from the current state, the processor only deploying the resources to the execution target according to the second version of the configuration file.

11. 1. A system comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: configuring, by the scheduler, to receive a configuration file for a first deployment of a resource on an execution target, the configuration file including a first release identifier; Deploying resources to the execution target according to the configuration file; configured to store a current state of said resource; configuring, by the scheduler, to receive a second version of the configuration file for a new deployment on the execution target, the second version of the configuration file including a second release identifier; executing, by at least one of the plurality of worker nodes, a plugin to compare the first release identifier with the second release identifier; and, in response to the first release identifier being different from the second release identifier, configure to deploy resources to the execution target according to a second version of the configuration file.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the scheduler is implemented by a regional infrastructure service.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the scheduler is in communication with a plurality of worker nodes.

14. The system of any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the configuration file is received by the scheduler from a flock manager of a central infrastructure service.

15. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein at least one of the first release identifier or the second release identifier is randomly generated by the flock manager of the central infrastructure service.

16. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the flock manager is configured to insert at least one of the first release identifier or the second release identifier into the configuration file.

17. A program for causing a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

18. An apparatus comprising means for carrying out the steps according to any of claims 1 to 10.

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