Bioactive additives for fuels and their use, fuel compositions and methods

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biologically active additive, its uses, and fuel compositions containing the additive, as well as methods in which the additive or fuel composition are used. The additive comprises at least one compound having the general formula (I) shown below, where R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 6. [Formula 1] JPEG2024517629000007.jpg66102

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a biologically active additive for fuels, to uses of the additive, to fuel compositions containing the additive, and to methods in which the additive or fuel composition is used. The additive may be intended in particular to stabilise and / or protect the fuel against bacterial growth. [Background technology]

[0002] In tanks or other equipment filled with fuel (propellant, fuel agent), the interaction of long storage times, the various composition of the fuel, the biological content in the fuel, and external influences such as the formation of condensed water, oxidation processes and microbiological processes can cause changes in the composition of the propellant leading to undesirable results. For example, turbidity, even precipitation (so-called "diesel pest" or "sludge"), and clogging of filters, and even corrosion and material erosion can occur, which not only prevents the fuel from being further used, but also leads to equipment failures and costly repairs. This applies to fixed and mobile propellant processing equipment and tanks. The increase in the biological content in the fuel further exacerbates the above problems.

[0003] Biocidal compositions for propellants and combustibles are known from the prior art, as described inter alia in DE 102009033161 A1, DE 10340830 A1, DE 19961621 A1, WO 2009 / 060057 A1, DE 19842116 A1, WO 2011 / 006734 A1, EP 1800539 A1, EP 0330416 A1, EP 1512323 A1, WO 01 / 1041570 A1. DE 10340830 A1 discloses, for example, a composition based on formaldehyde donor compounds and antioxidants. Conventional compositions often contain the biocide 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine (MBO)) as an active ingredient.

[0004] However, such biocide-containing compositions or the biocides contained therein are toxic and carcinogenic, and therefore must be marked with a corresponding hazardous material mark, are dangerous to handle, and cannot, and are even prohibited from, sale to end customers or end users.

[0005] Thus, there may be a need for fuel additives that can reduce or ideally prevent the above-mentioned detrimental effects, while at the same time not being toxic or carcinogenic in themselves. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a bioactive additive (or a mixture of bioactive additives) for fuels which has a bactericidal effect and is devoid of toxic and carcinogenic properties. Furthermore, the additive may stabilize the fuel in which it is mixed and may have an anticorrosive effect. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The inventors of the present invention have carried out extensive research to solve this problem and have found that, in particular, certain imidazoline compounds are components of additives or compositions for adding to fuels suitable for this purpose. In particular, it has been found to be advantageous if the imidazoline compound has a relatively hydrophobic residue and a relatively hydrophilic imidazoline group substituted with an alkylhydroxy group, which can give the compound amphiphilic properties. Without being bound by theory, the inventors take as their starting point that the interaction between the imidazoline group and the amphiphilic properties of the compound can contribute decisively to the bactericidal and also anticorrosive action of the additive in fuel. In tests of multifunctional formulations, it has been surprisingly found that the addition of high concentrations of such imidazoline compounds (for example, 100 ppm or more in fuel) is highly effective against typical microbial pests of fuel.

[0008] The present invention therefore relates to a (biologically active) additive (or additive mixture) for (especially liquid) fuels, which additive has the general formula (I) shown below [ka] and at least one compound having the formula: R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 14 to 20 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 6.

[0009] The present invention further relates to compounds of the general formula (I) shown below as (biologically active) additives for (especially liquid) fuels [ka] With regard to the use of the compound R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 14 to 20 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 6.

[0010] The present invention further relates to the use of the additives described herein for reducing the microbial load of a fuel (in particular for disinfection) and / or for stabilizing the fuel.

[0011] The present invention further relates to a method of reducing the microbial load and / or stabilising a (especially liquid) fuel, which comprises adding to the fuel an additive as described herein.

[0012] The present invention further relates to a fuel composition comprising a (especially liquid) fuel and the additive described herein.

[0013] The present invention further relates to a method of operating an internal combustion engine in which the fuel compositions described herein are combusted or used as a fuel (or to which the additives described herein are added).

[0014] Other objects and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows test results for the antibacterial effectiveness of various test samples against the kerosene bacteria Hormoconis resinae ATCC20495 detected according to DIN EN 15457:2014-11. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 shows test results for the antibacterial effectiveness of various test samples against the yeast Yarrowia tropicalis ATCC48138, detected according to DIN EN 15457:2014-11. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 shows the test results for antibacterial effectiveness of various test samples against the kerosene bacteria Hormoconis resinae ATCC20495 detected according to ASTM E 1259-10. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows the test results for the antibacterial effectiveness of various test samples against the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM15980, detected according to ASTM E 1259-10. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 shows the test results for the antibacterial effectiveness of various test samples against the yeast Yarrowia tropicalis ATCC48138, detected according to ASTM E 1259-10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Further details of the invention and further embodiments thereof are described below, however, the invention is not limited to the following detailed description, which is merely illustrative of the teachings of the invention.

[0017] It is noted that features described in relation to an exemplary embodiment may be combined with any other exemplary embodiment, in particular features described in relation to an exemplary embodiment of the additive according to the invention may be combined with any other exemplary embodiment of the additive according to the invention, with any exemplary embodiment of the fuel composition according to the invention, with any exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, and with any exemplary embodiment of the use according to the invention, and vice versa, unless otherwise stated.

[0018] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, when a singular concept is indicated with an indefinite or definite article, e.g., "a," "an," "the," "that," this also includes the plural concept and vice versa. As used herein, the terms "having" and "comprising" not only include the meaning of "containing" or "comprising," but can also mean "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of."

[0019] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a bioactive additive (or additive mixture) for (especially liquid) fuels.

[0020] As used herein, the term "biological activity" may specifically refer to antibacterial activity or effectiveness.

[0021] The additive or additive mixture may in particular be a composition, such as a mixture of two, three, four or more components, for addition to a fuel. It may be advantageous if the individual components of the additive together form a substantially homogeneous mixture or solution. It may also be advantageous if the additive and the fuel to which the additive is added are well miscible with each other, in particular forming a substantially homogeneous mixture or solution. When simply referring to an additive in this specification, this may also be understood as an additive mixture or composition for addition to a fuel. The additive comprises at least one compound having the general formula (I) shown below (hereinafter also referred to as an "imidazoline compound"). [ka]

[0022] In the general formula (I), R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 14 to 20 carbon atoms. The group R can be a branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group, in particular an unbranched (straight-chain) hydrocarbon group. The group R can have one or more double bonds, preferably one double bond, i.e. a monounsaturated hydrocarbon group (for example in cis configuration or as Z isomer). In one embodiment, R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, for example 17 carbon atoms.

[0023] In general formula (I), n represents an integer from 1 to 6, i.e. the alkylhydroxy substituent on the imidazoline ring may have 1 to 6 methylene groups or may be a C1 to C6 alkylhydroxy substituent (branched or unbranched). In one embodiment, n is an integer from 2 to 4, for example 2 or 3, especially 2.

[0024] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive (or at least one imidazoline compound) comprises 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol, which has been found to be particularly suitable for use in fuel additives, since it has no toxic or carcinogenic properties and advantageously achieves a bactericidal effect, as well as an anticorrosive effect, with the aid of which.

[0025] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive contains at least 50% by weight, for example 60-90% by weight, of at least one compound of general formula (I), and can contain up to 100% by weight of at least one compound of general formula (I).

[0026] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive further comprises at least one antioxidant. Within the scope of the present application, "antioxidant" is understood to mean a compound that is capable of, in particular, slowing down or (completely) inhibiting the oxidation of other substances. The addition of an antioxidant can, in particular, further enhance the anticorrosive action of the additive.

[0027] Suitable examples of antioxidants are phenols, benzotriazoles, phenylenediamines and diallylamines. Among the phenols, sterically hindered phenols, cresols or phenol ethers, such as butylhydroxytoluene (BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol) or butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), may be particularly suitable. Among the benzotriazoles, those functionalized with amine groups, especially tertiary amine groups, such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(4-methyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(5-methyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(6-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, or mixtures of two or more of these, may be particularly suitable. Among the diallylamines, styrenated diphenylamine may be particularly suitable.

[0028] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive contains 5-20% by weight of at least one antioxidant, for example 5-10% by weight of one or more phenols, and / or 5-10% by weight of one or more benzotriazoles.

[0029] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive further comprises at least one agent for improving ignition. Within the scope of the present application, "agent for improving ignition" is understood to mean in particular a compound capable of increasing the cetane number of a fuel, in particular a diesel fuel, and thus improving its ignition, so that the fuel itself is easier to ignite. Agents for improving ignition are therefore also called "cetane improvers" or "cetane boosters".

[0030] Suitable examples of agents for increasing ignition ability are (organic) peroxides and (organic) nitrates, in particular alkyl nitrates. Among the peroxides, sterically hindered peroxides may be particularly suitable, such as di-tert-butyl peroxide. Among the nitrates, branched or unbranched C6-C10 alkyl nitrates may be suitable, such as 2-ethylhexyl nitrate.

[0031] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive contains 5-20% by weight of at least one ignition enhancing agent, such as 5-10% by weight of one or more peroxides and / or 5-10% by weight of one or more nitrates.

[0032] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive further comprises at least one solvent. Within the scope of the present application, a "solvent" is understood in particular as a compound capable of dissolving other components, in particular the imidazoline compound, and which is also readily miscible with the fuel to which the additive is added. The solvent can also improve the solubility of other components, in particular the imidazoline compound, in the fuel to which the additive is added, and thus act as a solubilizer. For this purpose, it can also be advantageous if the solvent comprises a mixture of a (relatively) polar solvent and a (relatively) non-polar solvent.

[0033] According to an exemplary embodiment, the solvent comprises at least one polar solvent (or a solvent that increases polarity) and / or at least one non-polar solvent. Suitable examples of polar solvents are alcohols, such as 2-ethylhexanol, which can also increase the ignition quality of the fuel and can have a beneficial effect on greenhouse gases and a detrimental effect on combustion gases, due to the fact that they can be obtained from renewable raw materials. Suitable examples of polar solvents are hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons, such as mixtures of C10-C13 hydrocarbons.

[0034] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive contains 5-30% by weight of at least one solvent, for example 5-10% by weight of at least one polar solvent, and / or 10-20% by weight of at least one non-polar solvent.

[0035] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive comprises at least 50% by weight (up to or totaling 100% by weight) of at least one compound of general formula (I) and further comprises the following components: 5 to 20% by weight of at least one antioxidant, for example 5 to 10% by weight of one or more phenols and / or 5 to 10% by weight of one or more benzotriazoles, 5-20% by weight of at least one ignition enhancing agent, for example 5-10% by weight of one or more alkyl nitrates (e.g. 2-ethylhexyl nitrate) and / or 5-10% by weight of one or more peroxides (e.g. di-tert-butyl peroxide), 5-30% by weight of at least one solvent, for example 5-10% by weight of at least one polar solvent and / or 10-20% by weight of at least one non-polar solvent, The compound further includes at least one (one, two or all three) of:

[0036] According to exemplary embodiments, the additive or additive mixture is substantially free of toxic and / or potentially cancer-causing (carcinogenic) compounds. In particular, the additive or additive mixture can be substantially free of substances that must be declared acutely toxic and / or carcinogenic according to the German Hazardous Substances Regulation (GefStoffV). The term "substantially free" as used herein means, in particular, that the additive or additive mixture contains less than 1% by weight, in particular less than 0.1% by weight, of such compounds and substances.

[0037] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the imidazoline compounds described herein as bioactive additives for (especially liquid) fuels.

[0038] According to an exemplary embodiment, the imidazoline compounds may be used to reduce the microbial load of the fuel (in particular to disinfect or avoid microbial damage). Furthermore, the imidazoline compounds may also have an anticorrosive effect.

[0039] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the additives described herein to reduce the microbial load of a fuel (particularly to disinfect) and / or to stabilize the fuel. Furthermore, the additives can also be used as corrosion inhibitors.

[0040] The expression "reducing the microbial load" as used herein means in particular that the number of (living or active) microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts and fungi, is reduced or that microbial damage is mitigated or even avoided. For this purpose, additives added to fuels whose microbial load is to be reduced can have an antimicrobial action or efficacy.

[0041] Within the scope of the present application, "antimicrobial activity" or "antimicrobial effectiveness" is understood as the ability to kill or at least control or limit the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts and fungi. According to exemplary embodiments, within the scope of the present application, "antimicrobial activity" or "antimicrobial effectiveness" is understood as antimicrobial and / or antifungal activity or properties, which may include in particular bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic and / or fungicidal activity or properties, in particular effectiveness against bacteria, yeasts and / or fungi that may occur or live in the fuel.

[0042] According to an exemplary embodiment, the imidazoline compounds or additives may be effective against the so-called kerosene bacteria (Hormoconis resinae or Amorphotheca resinae), a ubiquitous soil bacteria that can break down kerosene and can live in the fuel tanks of aircraft, ships, and other vehicles, where not only can their growth cause clogging, but the fatty acids produced by the kerosene bacteria can also cause corrosion.

[0043] According to exemplary embodiments, the imidazoline compounds or additives may also be effective against other microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, molds) that cause the so-called diesel plague, thereby preventing the development of biocorrosion and biosludge in the fuel that can clog filters and propellant piping.

[0044] Within the scope of the present application, "fuel stabilization" is understood as the ability to ensure the stability of a fuel over a certain period of time, for example its stability against degradation and / or its storage stability.

[0045] Within the scope of this application, "corrosion protection" or "corrosion protection" is understood as the ability to delay or avoid damage to (e.g., metallic) parts that may be caused by corrosion of (e.g., metallic) parts, including damage to internal combustion engines and their supply lines, for example to tanks, piping, or other equipment for storing, transporting and / or processing fuels.

[0046] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fuel is a liquid fuel (20° C., 1 bar). In particular, the fuel may be selected from the group consisting of gasoline (petrol fuel), diesel fuel, heating oil, fuel oil, kerosene, petroleum, and biofuels such as biodiesel.

[0047] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of reducing the microbial load and / or stabilizing a fuel, comprising adding an additive as described herein to the fuel. Additionally, the method also provides corrosion protection.

[0048] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive can be added to the fuel at the refinery or prior to storage, and because the additive has low toxicity, it can also be added to the fuel by the end user if desired.

[0049] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a fuel composition comprising a (especially liquid) fuel and an additive as described herein.

[0050] According to an exemplary embodiment, the additive may be contained in the fuel composition in an amount of 100 to 5000 ppm, for example in an amount of 200 to 4000 ppm, particularly in an amount of 500 to 2500 ppm relative to the fuel composition. If the proportion of the additive is less than 100 ppm, the desired antibacterial and / or stabilizing effect may not be achieved. If the proportion of the additive is more than 5000 ppm, the desired antibacterial and / or stabilizing effect may not be further increased.

[0051] In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of operating an internal combustion engine in which a fuel composition as described herein is combusted or used as a fuel (or in which the fuel has an additive as described herein added thereto).

[0052] According to an exemplary embodiment, the internal combustion engine is part of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car (for example with a gasoline or diesel engine, including hybrid vehicles), a commercial vehicle (for example a truck or a construction vehicle) or a motorcycle, a ship or an aircraft. In other words, the additive can be added to the fuel of any possible type of means of transportation or vehicle. However, the additive can also be added to the fuel of a stationary engine or to the fuel in a tank for storing a propellant.

[0053] The additives may be added at the initial fill of the vehicle (the so-called "first fill"), periodically throughout the life or service life of the vehicle, or even before the vehicle is taken out of service for an extended period of time (e.g., in a vehicle that is only used seasonally).

[0054] The present invention will be further described using the following examples, which are merely used to clarify the teachings of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. EXAMPLES

[0055] First test of antibacterial effectiveness Test sample: "TUNAP neu": test solution containing 1% by weight of 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol additive (example according to the invention) - "Standard diesel pest biocide containing MBO": A test solution (comparison sample) containing 0.1% by weight of the biocide MBO (3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)) - "MIT": Test solution containing 0.1% by weight of the biocide MIT (2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one) (comparison sample) - "Propellant pur": Propellant without additives (comparison sample)

[0056] Microorganisms tested: -Hormoconis resinae ATCC20495 (“kerosene fungus”) -Yarrowia tropicalis ATCC48138 (“yeast”)

[0057] The antibacterial effectiveness of the samples against the tested microorganisms was determined according to DIN EN 15457:2014-11.

[0058] The test results of the effectiveness of the test samples against the tested kerosene bacteria are shown in Figure 1. As can be seen from these results, the additive according to the present invention has a significantly improved effectiveness against the tested kerosene bacteria compared to the conventional and more toxic biocides MBO and MIT, so that the additive according to the present invention can be used to very effectively protect fuel from contamination by kerosene bacteria.

[0059] The test results of the effectiveness of the test samples against the tested yeast fungi are shown in Figure 2. As can be seen from these results, the additive according to the invention shows an effectiveness against the tested yeast fungi at least similar to that of the conventional, but toxic, biocides MBO and MIT, so that the additive according to the invention can be used to protect fuel from yeast contamination to the same extent as known from the prior art, but without the toxic content.

[0060] Further testing of antibacterial effectiveness Test sample: "TUNAP agent": test solution containing 1000 ppm of 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol additive (example according to the invention) - "TUNAP Protection System Diesel": test solution containing 2000 ppm or 5000 ppm of the additive composition "1903391" below (corresponding to approximately 1000 ppm or 2500 ppm of the active substance 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol) (example according to the invention) - "Tunap 685 (Protezione Diesel) Biocide Containing MBO": Test solution (comparison sample) containing 1000 ppm of the biocide MBO (3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)) - "BIT": Test solution containing 1000 ppm of the biocide BIT (benzisothiazolinone) (comparison sample) - "Blank": Propellant without additives (comparison sample)

[0061] Additive composition "1903391": At least 50% by weight of 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol 10-20% by weight of C10-C13 hydrocarbons 5 to 10% by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol 5-10% by weight of 2-ethylhexanol 5-10% by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Mixture of 5-10% by weight of bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(4-methyl-1H-1.2.3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(4-methyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(5-methyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(6-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine

[0062] Microorganisms tested: -Hormoconis resinae ATCC20495 (“kerosene fungus”) -pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM15980 (“bacteria”) -Yarrowia tropicalis ATCC48138 (“yeast”)

[0063] The antimicrobial effectiveness of the samples against the tested microorganisms was detected according to ASTM E 1259-10.

[0064] The test results of the effectiveness of the test samples against the tested kerosene bacteria are shown in Figure 3. As can be seen from these results, the additive according to the invention, as well as the additive composition according to the invention, have a significantly improved effectiveness against the tested kerosene bacteria compared to the conventional biocide BIT, while in this method, both the examples according to the invention and the comparative sample containing MBO resulted in almost complete annihilation of the tested kerosene bacteria, so that no difference from other conventional but toxic biocides could be identified. Thus, both the additive according to the invention and the additive composition according to the invention can provide very efficient protection against contamination by kerosene bacteria without using toxic ingredients.

[0065] The test results of the effectiveness of the test samples against the test bacteria are shown in Figure 4. As can be seen from these results, at least the additive composition according to the present invention has a significantly improved effectiveness against the test bacteria compared to the conventional biocide BIT, while the method did not identify any difference between the additive composition according to the present invention and another conventional but toxic biocide MBO, since both the additive composition according to the present invention and the comparative sample containing MBO resulted in almost complete killing of the test bacteria. Therefore, at least the additive composition according to the present invention can be used to provide a very efficient protection against bacterial contamination without using toxic content substances.

[0066] The test results of the effectiveness of the test samples against the test yeast are shown in Figure 5. As can be seen from these results, the additive according to the invention, as well as the additive composition according to the invention, have a significantly improved effectiveness against the test yeast compared to the conventional biocide BIT, while the additive composition according to the invention shows at least the same effectiveness against the test yeast as another conventional but toxic biocide MBO. Thus, the additive composition according to the invention can be used to protect fuel from yeast contamination to the same extent as known from the prior art, even without toxic content.

[0067] Test solutions containing only 250 ppm, 500 ppm or 1000 ppm of the additive composition "1903391" also showed very good efficacy against the tested microorganisms (kerosene bacteria, bacteria, yeast), demonstrating the antimicrobial effectiveness of the additive composition for a very wide range of applications.

[0068] Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments and examples, the present invention is not limited thereto and various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bioactive additive for a fuel for reducing the microbial load of the fuel, said bioactive additive having the general formula (I) shown below: 【Chemistry 1】 and at least one compound having the formula: R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 14 to 20 carbon atoms; A bioactive additive, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6.

2. R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 2 to 4, and / or the bioactive additive comprises 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol; The bioactive additive of claim 1.

3. The bioactive additive further comprises at least one antioxidant, in particular the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of phenols, benzotriazoles, phenylenediamines and diallylamines, in particular butylhydroxytoluene (BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol), bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(4-methyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl]methyl]amine, 3. The bioactive additive of claim 1 or 2, which is selected from the group consisting of bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(5-methyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)methyl]amine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)[(6-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, styrenated diphenylamine and combinations thereof.

4. 3. The biologically active additive of claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one agent for enhancing ignition quality, in particular the agent for enhancing ignition quality is selected from the group consisting of alkyl nitrates and peroxides, in particular 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, di-tert-butyl peroxide, and combinations thereof.

5. The bioactive additive according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one solvent, in particular the solvent comprising at least one polar solvent, in particular an alcohol, and / or at least one non-polar solvent, in particular a hydrocarbon, or a mixture of hydrocarbons.

6. The bioactive additive comprises at least 50% by weight of at least one compound of general formula (I) and further comprises the following components: from 5 to 20% by weight of at least one antioxidant, for example from 5 to 10% by weight of one or more phenols and / or from 5 to 10% by weight of one or more benzotriazoles, 5-20% by weight of at least one ignition enhancing agent, for example 5-10% by weight of one or more alkyl nitrates and / or 5-10% by weight of one or more peroxides; - 5 to 30% by weight of at least one solvent, for example 5 to 10% by weight of at least one polar solvent and / or 10 to 20% by weight of at least one non-polar solvent, The bioactive additive according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least one of the following:

7. A bioactive additive for fuels for reducing the microbial load of the fuel, comprising a compound represented by the general formula (I) shown below: 【Chemistry 2】 The use of a compound of the formula R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 14 to 20 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 6.

8. 8. Use according to claim 7 for reducing the microbial load of a fuel.

9. 3. Use of a bioactive additive according to claim 1 or 2 for reducing the microbial load of a fuel and / or for stabilising the fuel.

10. 10. A method for reducing the microbial load and / or stabilizing a fuel, comprising adding to the fuel a bioactive additive according to claim 1 or 2.

11. A fuel composition comprising a fuel and a bioactive additive according to claim 1 or 2.

12. 12. The fuel composition of claim 11, wherein the bioactive additive is present in an amount of from 100 to 5000 ppm of the fuel composition.

13. 12. The fuel composition according to claim 11, wherein the fuel is a liquid fuel, in particular selected from the group consisting of gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, fuel oil, kerosene, petroleum, and biofuels such as biodiesel.

14. 12. A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising combusting a fuel composition according to claim 11.

15. The internal combustion engine includes: Motor vehicles, in particular passenger cars, commercial vehicles or motorcycles, 15. The method of claim 14, which is part of a watercraft or aircraft.

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