Composition containing a plant-derived extract and / or a processed product of plant origin

Abstract

The present invention provides a composition for improving exercise efficiency, a composition for reducing fatigue, and a composition for improving dynamic visual acuity, each of which contains a plant-derived extract and / or a plant-derived processed product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a composition for improving exercise efficiency, a composition for reducing fatigue, and a composition for improving dynamic visual acuity.

Background Art

[0002] Improving exercise efficiency, reducing fatigue, and improving dynamic visual acuity are very important not only for athletes who engage in intense training but also in the daily work of ordinary people (such as housework, carrying luggage, ascending and descending stairs). Oxygen utilization is an indicator of energy production, and in sports and daily life, improving oxygen utilization efficiency is the key to being able to continuously "exercise" without feeling tired or out of breath. Generally, the arterial blood oxygen saturation at rest is considered normal at 96% or more, but it decreases to 93 - 88% during intense exercise (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, although the arterial blood oxygen saturation (at rest) is about 97% in the 20s, this value decreases with aging and is about 93% in the 60s (Non-Patent Document 2). That is, in addition to the rapid decrease in the oxygen state during intense sports, a decrease in the oxygen state can occur in the daily life of ordinary people due to aging, labor, bad weather (low pressure), apnea syndrome, etc. Since a decrease in the oxygen state can occur not only during sports but also in the daily life of ordinary people, even when the oxygen state is decreased in addition to the normal oxygen state, it is desirable to have a preparation that can improve oxygen utilization efficiency, improve exercise efficiency, reduce fatigue, or improve dynamic visual acuity and can be continuously and safely ingested daily.

[0003] Kempferol is a type of natural flavonoid contained in many edible plants such as tea, broccoli, grapefruit, cabbage, kale, beans, kudzu, scallions, tomatoes, strawberries, grapes, mizuna, apples, quinoa, wasabi, saffron, propolis, takana, arugula, etc.

[0004] Regarding natural flavonoids containing quercetin, studies have been conducted focusing on their various physiological effects. For example, the involvement of quercetin in mitochondrial function (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Non-Patent Document 3), and the effects of quercetin on cellular energy consumption and thyroid hormones (Non-Patent Document 4) can be mentioned, but all of these are related to in vitro studies. Patent Document 3 discloses the effect of quercetin on lactic acid concentration, but there is no specific description using other flavonoids.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Non-Patent Documents

[0006]

Non-Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Document 2

Non-Patent Document 3

[0007] The disclosures of all prior art documents cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference. [Summary of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

[0008] The problem of the present application is to provide a composition that can suppress a decrease in exercise efficiency or improve exercise efficiency or reduce fatigue by improving oxygen utilization efficiency (that is, enhancing the ability to utilize oxygen), or can suppress a decrease in dynamic visual acuity or improve dynamic visual acuity, and can exhibit these effects even when the oxygen state is reduced in addition to the normal oxygen state. [Means for Solving the Problems]

[0009] The inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, by orally administering a composition containing kempferol to humans, in a wide range of exercise intensities from light exercise of daily life level to intense exercise equivalent to strenuous sports, it was found that the oxygen utilization efficiency increases, the exercise efficiency improves, the sense of fatigue is reduced, and the dynamic visual acuity is improved. Furthermore, the inventors of the present invention clarified that among edible plants known to contain kempferol (including kempferol glycosides), especially wasabi leaves, saffron, black tea leaves, kale, propolis, arugula, quinoa, and takana contain a very large amount of kempferol or kempferol glycosides, and thus reached the present invention.

[0010] The present invention provides the following: [1] A composition for improving exercise efficiency containing a plant-derived extract selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, arugula extract, and a mixture thereof, and / or a plant-derived processed product selected from processed wasabi, processed saffron, processed tea leaves, processed kale, processed propolis, processed takana, processed arugula, and a mixture thereof. [2] The composition for improving exercise efficiency according to [1], wherein the improvement in exercise efficiency is an improvement in endurance. [3] The composition for improving exercise efficiency according to [1], wherein the improvement in exercise efficiency is a reduction in shortness of breath.

[0011] [4] A composition for reducing fatigue containing a plant-derived extract selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, arugula extract, and a mixture thereof, and / or a plant-derived processed product selected from processed wasabi, processed saffron, processed tea leaves, processed kale, processed propolis, processed takana, processed arugula, and a mixture thereof.

[0012] [5]A composition for improving dynamic vision, containing a plant-derived extract selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, arugula extract, and mixtures thereof, and / or a plant-derived processed product selected from processed wasabi, processed saffron, processed tea leaves, processed kale, processed propolis, processed takana, processed arugula, and mixtures thereof.

[0013] [6]The composition according to any one of [1] to [5], containing wasabi extract.

[0014] [7]The composition according to any one of [1] to [6], containing processed wasabi.

[0015] [8]The composition according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the plant-derived extract and / or the plant-derived processed product contains ellagic acid.

[0016] [9]The composition according to any one of [1] to [8], characterized by containing 0.1 mg to 200 mg of the ellagic acid.

[0017]

[10] The composition according to any one of [1] to [9], characterized by containing 0.5 mg to 100 mg of the ellagic acid.

[0018]

[11] The composition according to any one of [1] to

[10] , characterized by administering 0.1 mg to 200 mg of the ellagic acid per administration.

[0019]

[12] The composition according to any one of [1] to

[11] , characterized by administering 0.5 mg to 100 mg of the ellagic acid per administration.

[0020]

[13] The composition according to any one of [1] to

[12] , characterized by administering 0.1 mg to 600 mg of the ellagic acid per day.

[0021]

[14] The composition according to any one of [1] to

[13] , characterized in that the kempeol is administered at 0.5 mg to 200 mg per day.

[0022]

[15] The composition according to any one of [1] to

[14] , characterized in that it is administered to a subject in a hypoxic state.

[0023]

[16] The composition according to any one of [1] to

[15] , which is a food or drink.

[0024]

[17] The composition according to any one of [1] to

[15] , which is a pharmaceutical composition.

[0025] Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of a plant-derived extract selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, rocket extract, and mixtures thereof, and / or a plant-derived processed product selected from processed wasabi, processed saffron, processed tea leaves, processed kale, processed propolis, processed takana, processed rocket, and mixtures thereof, in the manufacture of a composition for improving exercise efficiency, a composition for reducing fatigue, or a composition for improving dynamic visual acuity.

[0026] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for improving exercise efficiency, a method for reducing fatigue, or a method for improving dynamic visual acuity, comprising administering a plant-derived extract selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, rocket extract, and mixtures thereof, and / or a plant-derived processed product selected from processed wasabi, processed saffron, processed tea leaves, processed kale, processed propolis, processed takana, processed rocket, and mixtures thereof.

[0027] In addition, the present invention provides a plant-derived extract selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, arugula extract, and mixtures thereof, or a plant-derived processed product selected from processed wasabi, processed saffron, processed tea leaves, processed kale, processed propolis, processed takana, processed arugula, and mixtures thereof for use in improving exercise efficiency, reducing fatigue, or improving dynamic visual acuity.

Advantages of the Invention

[0028] The composition of the present invention can increase oxygen utilization efficiency (the ability to utilize oxygen), thereby improving its efficiency in any "exercise" including daily movements and sports, for example, enabling exercise in a state where shortness of breath is reduced or endurance is improved. The composition of the present invention can also be used as a shortness-of-breath reducing composition or an endurance improving composition. In addition, the composition of the present invention can reduce fatigue, making it possible to perform sports and daily housework without feeling tired. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention can improve dynamic visual acuity and can contribute to, for example, improved performance in sports.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029]

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Figure 6-1

Figure 6-2

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Figure 8

Figure 9-1

Figure 9-2

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0030] The present invention relates to a composition for improving exercise efficiency, a composition for reducing fatigue, or a composition for improving dynamic visual acuity, and these compositions are plant-derived extracts selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, rocket extract, and mixtures thereof (preferably wasabi extract, more preferably wasabi leaf extract), and / or plant-derived processed products selected from processed wasabi, processed saffron, processed tea leaves, processed kale, processed propolis, processed takana, processed rocket, and mixtures thereof (preferably processed wasabi, more preferably processed wasabi leaf).

[0031] In the present invention, the plant-derived extract is selected from wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, and rocket extract. In the present invention, the plant-derived extract may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, the "mixture" in "wasabi extract, saffron extract, tea leaf extract, kale extract, propolis extract, takana extract, rocket extract, and mixtures thereof" means any combination of the listed extracts.

[0032] In the present invention, the plant-derived processed product is selected from wasabi processed products, saffron processed products, tea leaf processed products, kale processed products, propolis processed products, takana processed products, and arugula processed products. In the present invention, the plant-derived processed product may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, "mixing" in "wasabi processed products, saffron processed products, tea leaf processed products, kale processed products, propolis processed products, takana processed products, arugula processed products, and mixtures thereof" means any combination of the listed processed products.

[0033] In the present invention, the plant-derived extract means an extract obtained by subjecting a raw material (wasabi (e.g., its leaf part), saffron, tea leaves (e.g., black tea leaves), kale, propolis, takana, or arugula) to an enzymatic treatment (which may use a microorganism capable of producing an enzyme) and / or an acid hydrolysis treatment for converting a quercetin glycoside into a quercetin aglycone, and an extraction treatment. The production of the plant-derived extract may include a purification step after the extraction treatment.

[0034] In the present invention, the plant-derived processed product means a processed product obtained by subjecting a raw material (wasabi (e.g., its leaf part), saffron, tea leaves (e.g., black tea leaves), kale, propolis, takana, or arugula) to an enzymatic treatment (which may use a microorganism capable of producing an enzyme) and / or an acid hydrolysis treatment for converting a quercetin glycoside into a quercetin aglycone, and is produced without including an extraction step.

[0035] In the present invention, the wasabi extract means a plant-derived extract obtained from wasabi (Armoracia rusticana). In the present invention, the processed wasabi product means a plant-derived processed product obtained from wasabi (Armoracia rusticana). Since the leaves of wasabi contain a large amount of kaempferol glycosides (for example, kaempferol 3-O-xylosylgalactoside), it is preferable to use the leaf part as a raw material. In the present disclosure, the wasabi leaf extract and the processed wasabi leaf product respectively mean a wasabi extract and a processed wasabi product mainly produced using the leaf part of wasabi.

[0036] In the present invention, the saffron extract means a plant-derived extract obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus). In the present invention, the processed saffron product means a plant-derived processed product obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus). It is known that saffron contains kaempferol 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Mini Rev Med Chem. 11(4):298-344.2011).

[0037] In the present invention, the tea leaf extract means a plant-derived extract obtained from the leaves (tea leaves) of tea (Camellia sinensis). In the present invention, the processed tea leaf product means a plant-derived processed product obtained from the leaves (tea leaves) of tea (Camellia sinensis). The tea leaves may be raw, dried and / or fermented (for example, green tea leaves, oolong tea leaves, black tea leaves). Tea leaves are known to contain kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-glucosyl-(1→3)-rhamnosyl(1→6)galactoside, and kaempferol 3-O-[2-coumaroyl-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-3-O-β-D-glucosylrutinoside] (Mini Rev Med Chem. 11(4):298-344.2011).

[0038] In the present invention, the kale extract means a plant-derived extract obtained from kale (Brassica oleracea) as a raw material. In the present invention, the kale processed product means a plant-derived processed product obtained from kale (Brassica oleracea) as a raw material. Kale is known to contain kaempferol 3-sinapoyl-di-glucoside-7-di-glucoside (Mini Rev Med Chem. 11(4):298-344.2011).

[0039] In the present invention, propolis extract means a plant-derived extract obtained using propolis as a raw material. In the present invention, processed propolis products mean plant-derived processed products obtained using propolis as a raw material.

[0040] In the present invention, takana extract means a plant-derived extract obtained using takana (Brassica juncea) as a raw material. In the present invention, processed takana products mean plant-derived processed products obtained using takana (Brassica juncea) as a raw material. Takana is known to contain kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-glucopyranoside (Mini Rev Med Chem. 11(4):298-344.2011).

[0041] In the present invention, arugula extract means a plant-derived extract obtained using arugula (Eruca sativa) as a raw material. In the present invention, processed arugula products mean plant-derived processed products obtained using arugula (Eruca sativa) as a raw material. Arugula is known to contain kaempferol di-O-glycoside (Mini Rev Med Chem. 11(4):298-344.2011).

[0042] When producing plant-derived extracts / processed products, the raw material may be in a raw state, or may be a dried product or a roughly dried product. However, from the perspective of efficiently subjecting kaempferol or its glycoside to enzymatic treatment / acid hydrolysis treatment / extraction, it is preferable to use the raw material after pulverizing it by a conventional method.

[0043] The extraction method is not particularly limited and can be carried out by a method commonly used in the fields of pharmaceutics or food engineering. For example, extraction using any one or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, butanol, ether, ethyl acetate, and chloroform, or a mixed solvent of these organic solvents and water can be mentioned.

[0044] Plants usually contain more glycosides than aglycones. On the other hand, since glycosides other than glucose glycosides are usually less absorbable in the body than aglycones, in the production of the plant-derived extract and processed product of the present application, an enzyme treatment / acid hydrolysis treatment step for converting kaempferol glycoside to kaempferol aglycone is included. Examples of kaempferol glycosides that can be contained in the raw materials of the above plant-derived extracts include kaempferol glycosides in which glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, and combinations thereof (for example, sophorose (glucose + glucose), rutinose (rhamnose + glucose), neohesperidose (rhamnose + glucose)) are O-glycosidically bonded to the 3-position, 6-position, and / or 7-position of kaempferol. Examples of the sugars of the glycosides that can be contained in each raw material include Saffron: glucose; Tea leaves: glucose, galactose + rhamnose + glucose, xylose + rhamnose + glucose, galactose + glucose, glucose + rutinose (rhamnose + glucose); Kale: sophorose (glucose + glucose) Takana: glucose + glucose + glucose Rucola: glucose Wasabi leaves: galactose + xylose can be mentioned. Enzymatic treatment can be carried out by appropriately combining enzymes suitable for converting glycosides that may be contained into aglycones, such as glucosidase, arabinosidase, rhamnosidase, xylosidase, cellulase, hesperidinase, naringinase, glucuronidase, pectinase, galactosidase, amyloglucosidase, or amylase. Enzymatic treatment may also be performed by appropriately combining microorganisms that can produce the enzyme, such as the genus Aspergillus, Bacillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Talaromyces, Bifidobacterium, Mortierella, Cryptococcus, or Microbacterium. For example, in the production of wasabi extract, glucosidase and xylase (or enzymatic treatment can be carried out using microorganisms that can produce these). Alternatively, glycosides may be converted to aglycones by acid hydrolysis treatment.

[0045] In the present application, it is preferable that plant-derived extracts and processed plant products contain a high concentration of kaempferol aglycone, but it is sufficient if it is contained to an extent that can be used as a material for food compositions or pharmaceutical compositions (for example, 1 mg / g or more, or 3 mg / g or more, preferably 10 mg / g or more, more preferably 20 mg / g or more, and even more preferably 50 mg / g or more). Kaempferol glycosides may remain in the plant-derived extracts / processed products. The plant-derived extracts and processed plant products may contain kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. The method for quantifying kaempferol aglycone in plant-derived extracts and processed plant products is not particularly limited and can be carried out by conventional methods. For example, it can be carried out according to the method of Test Example 6 in the Examples of the present application.

[0046] In the production of plant-derived extracts, the order and number of times of the extraction step and the enzyme / acid hydrolysis treatment are not particularly limited. For example, The raw material may be extracted with a solvent, and the obtained extract may be produced by subjecting it to an enzyme / acid hydrolysis treatment; The raw material may be subjected to an enzyme / acid hydrolysis treatment, and the obtained treated product may be extracted with a solvent; or The raw material may be extracted with a solvent, the obtained extract may be subjected to an enzyme / acid hydrolysis treatment, and the obtained treated product may be extracted with a solvent. In any of these production methods, a purification treatment and / or a concentration treatment may be appropriately performed on the extract.

[0047] In the present invention, the plant-derived extract / processed product may be diluted with a diluting medium such as water, alcohol, or sugar, or may be a freeze-dried powder.

[0048] For example, wasabi extract is produced by the following steps (1) to (6). (1) After harvesting wasabi leaves, wash and sterilize them, and dry them with hot air. (2) Extract the dried wasabi leaves with ethanol containing 0 to 50 v / v% water. (3) Adsorb and desorb the extract with a resin column and purify it. (4) Adjust the pH of the purified solution to 3 - 7 with an appropriate acid or base, and carry out an enzyme reaction with a hydrolyzing enzyme at 30 - 50°C for an appropriate time. (5) Inactivate the enzyme at 60°C or higher. (6) The freeze-dried product is made into wasabi extract (powder).

[0049] The composition of the present invention may be such that the plant extract and / or processed product is administered at a dose of, for example, 0.05 mg to 5 g, preferably 0.1 mg to 3 g, more preferably 0.5 mg to 2 g, and even more preferably 10 mg to 1.5 g per administration. Alternatively, examples of the lower limit values of the plant extract and / or processed product include 0.05 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg, and 700 mg, and examples of the upper limit values include 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g, 3 g, and 5 g. The preferred range of the plant extract and / or processed product can be indicated by the combination of the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0050] In the composition of the present invention, the plant extract and / or processed product can be administered at a dose of, for example, 0.05 mg to 10 g, preferably 0.1 mg to 7.5 g, and more preferably 0.5 mg to 5 g per day. Examples of the lower limit values of the plant extract and / or processed product include 0.05 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg, and 700 mg, and examples of the upper limit values include 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g, 3 g, 5 g, 7.5 g, and 10 g. The preferred range of the plant extract and / or processed product can be indicated by the combination of the upper limit value and the lower limit value. The plant extract and / or processed product that can be administered per day may be administered in a single dose or divided into multiple doses (for example, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times).

[0051] The amount of plant-derived extracts and / or processed products (or quercetin) that can be contained in the composition of the present invention (food and drink, pharmaceutical composition, etc.), the amount of plant-derived extracts and / or processed products (or quercetin) administered per administration, and the amount of plant-derived extracts and / or processed products (or quercetin) administered per day are not particularly limited as long as the desired effect can be exhibited, and can be appropriately selected according to the form of the composition, the number of administrations, the health condition of the subject, etc. The administration period of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the desired effect can be exhibited, and it may be administered once or continuously. In order to continuously obtain the effects of improving exercise efficiency, reducing fatigue, or improving dynamic visual acuity, it is desirable that the composition of the present invention be continuously administered over a long period, for example, it can be administered for 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 10 days, 1 month, 3 months or more.

[0052] In the composition of the present invention, although it depends on the total weight of the composition, the plant-derived extracts and / or processed products are contained as quercetin, for example, in an amount of 0.1 mg to 200 mg, preferably 0.5 mg to 100 mg, more preferably 1 mg to 30 mg, and even more preferably 2 mg to 10 mg. Examples of the lower limit values of the quercetin include 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, and 2.5 mg, and examples of the upper limit values include 200 mg, 150 mg, 100 mg, 50 mg, 30 mg, 25 mg, 15 mg, 10 mg, 5 mg, 3 mg, and 2.5 mg, and the preferred range of the quercetin can be indicated by the combination of the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0053] The composition of the present invention may be such that the plant-derived extract and / or processed product is administered at a dose of, for example, 0.1 mg to 200 mg, preferably 0.5 mg to 100 mg, more preferably 1 mg to 30 mg, and even more preferably 2 mg to 10 mg as kempferol per administration. Examples of the lower limit values of the kempferol include 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, and 2.5 mg, and examples of the upper limit values include 200 mg, 150 mg, 100 mg, 50 mg, 30 mg, 25 mg, 15 mg, 10 mg, 5 mg, 3 mg, and 2.5 mg. The preferred range of the kempferol can be indicated by the combination of the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

[0054] In the composition of the present invention, the plant-derived extract and / or processed product can be administered at a dose of, for example, 0.1 mg to 600 mg, preferably 0.5 mg to 200 mg, and more preferably 1 mg to 100 mg as kempferol per day. Examples of the lower limit values of the kempferol include 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, and 2.5 mg, and examples of the upper limit values include 600 mg, 300 mg, 200 mg, 150 mg, 100 mg, 50 mg, 30 mg, 25 mg, 15 mg, 10 mg, 5 mg, 3 mg, and 2.5 mg. The preferred range of the kempferol can be indicated by the combination of the upper limit value and the lower limit value. The kempferol that can be administered per day may be administered in a single dose or divided into multiple doses (for example, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times).

[0055] The composition of the present invention is preferably formulated as an oral dosage form, and the dosage form is not particularly limited. For example, it can be in the form of ordinary foods such as tablets, granules, capsules, powders, chewable tablets, confectionery (cookies, biscuits, chocolate confectionery, chips, cakes, gums, candies, gummies, steamed buns, yokan, puddings, jellies, yogurts, ice creams, sherbets, etc.), bread, noodles, rice, cereal foods, beverages (liquids, soft drinks, carbonated drinks, nutritional drinks, powdered drinks, fruit drinks, milk drinks, jelly drinks, etc.), soups (powders, freeze-dried), miso soup (powders, freeze-dried), etc.

[0056] The composition of the present invention can be a food or drink product or a pharmaceutical composition, and can be used as a food or drink product such as a functional food, a food for specified health use, a health food, a dietary supplement, a medical food, etc.

[0057] In addition to plant-derived extracts / processed products, the composition of the present invention can be formulated into an oral administration preparation by adding pharmaceutically acceptable bases, carriers, additives that can be used in foods, etc. Materials other than the plant-derived extracts / processed products used in the composition of the present invention are preferably those that do not impair the stability of quercetin, and further preferably those that do not impair the intended effects of the composition of the present invention (for example, improvement of oxygen utilization efficiency, improvement of exercise efficiency, reduction of fatigue, or improvement of dynamic visual acuity).

[0058] In the present invention, "improvement of oxygen utilization efficiency" means an increase in the ability to utilize oxygen. As specific examples, in addition to the increase in oxygen consumption efficiency (VO2 / VE) described in the examples of the present application, an increase in oxygen utilization amount (VO2) under a predetermined exercise intensity, an increase in oxygen uptake efficiency gradient (increase in OUES), and an increase in maximum oxygen utilization amount (VO 2peak ) can be mentioned.

[0059] In this specification, "exercise" means moving the body, and includes all aspects such as daily housework, carrying luggage, going up and down stairs, sports, etc.

[0060] In the present invention, "improvement of exercise efficiency" means that the body can be moved more easily in any exercise situation. For example, it is possible to continue exercising for a longer time in a more comfortable state with improved endurance, or it is possible to exercise more easily in a state where shortness of breath is reduced. Examples of indicators of improvement of exercise efficiency include an increase in oxygen utilization amount (VO2) under a predetermined exercise intensity, an increase in oxygen consumption efficiency (VO2 / VE), an increase in oxygen uptake efficiency gradient (increase in OUES), an increase in maximum oxygen utilization amount (VO 2peak )), an increase in maximum exercise load, a decrease in exercise intensity under a predetermined oxygen utilization amount (VO2), or a decrease in perceived exercise intensity (these terms are explained in the examples of the present application). When the composition of the present invention is administered for improving exercise efficiency, its dosage and frequency of administration are not particularly limited, and it can be administered, for example, at the dosages, frequencies of administration, and administration periods exemplified above.

[0061] In the present invention, fatigue reduction means being able to exercise with less fatigue in all exercise situations. Examples of indicators of fatigue reduction include a decrease in exercise intensity or perceived exercise intensity (these terms are explained in the examples of the present application). When the composition of the present invention is administered for fatigue reduction, its dosage and frequency of administration are not particularly limited, and it can be administered, for example, at the dosages, frequencies of administration, and administration periods exemplified above.

[0062] In the present invention, improvement of dynamic visual acuity means preventing a decrease in dynamic visual acuity or improving dynamic visual acuity. When the composition of the present invention is administered for improving dynamic visual acuity, its dosage and frequency of administration are not particularly limited, and it can be administered, for example, at the dosages, frequencies of administration, and administration periods exemplified above.

[0063] The composition of the present invention can have an effect of improving oxygen utilization efficiency (that is, enhancing the ability to utilize oxygen). Therefore, the composition of the present invention can also be used as an oxygen utilization efficiency improver.

[0064] In the present invention, the hypoxic state means a state in which the body lacks oxygen, and for example, a state in which the arterial blood oxygen saturation is less than 95% can be mentioned. Since the composition of the present invention can have an effect of improving oxygen utilization efficiency even in subjects in a hypoxic state, it can also contribute to improving exercise efficiency, reducing fatigue, and improving dynamic visual acuity in subjects in such a hypoxic state.

[0065] The administration target of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a human. It is preferably administered before and after sports, before and after outdoor work, before and after daily labor (such as going up and down stairs, housework, etc.), when one feels unable to get rid of daily fatigue, when one wants to work efficiently, and when one feels that movement has become dull due to aging.

Examples

[0066] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with formulation examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. [Formulation Example 1] Cookie (Kempferol content 2.5 mg / 1 piece) Quinoa extract * 37% by weight Maple syrup 22% by weight Milk 22% by weight Butter (salted) 15% by weight Granulated sugar 4% by weight Total 100% by weight These were mixed and baked in an oven at a temperature of about 140 °C for 20 minutes by a conventional method to produce cookies. The content of kempferol per cookie was 2.5 mg (by HPLC). Quinoa extract * : An extract in which kempferol glycoside was converted to kempferol aglycone by enzymatic treatment.

[0067] <Test Example 1: Incremental load exercise test on cycling> For 25 healthy adult men, three doses of kempferol-containing cookie-like foods (containing 2.5 mg, 10 mg, and 25 mg of kempferol) and placebo cookie-like foods (containing no kempferol) were used as test foods, and continuous intake once a day for 8 days was repeated 4 sets by the crossover method. From 3 hours after the intake of the test foods on the first day of intake (single intake) and the eighth day of intake (continuous intake), incremental load exercise on cycling was performed while collecting exhaled gas, and the oxygen uptake was calculated. During the exercise, the heart rate and the perceived exercise intensity were monitored. Also, the dynamic visual acuity was measured before and after the exercise. The details of each evaluation item are shown below.

[0068] <1: Evaluation of oxygen uptake (VO2)> The oxygen uptake (VO2) (mL / min / kg) was calculated from the difference between the amount of oxygen contained in the inhaled breath (atmosphere) and the amount of oxygen contained in the exhaled gas. In the incremental load exercise of cycling, when the weight of the pedals approaches the limit of the subject, the heart rate (HR) reaches its maximum. Using the increase in heart rate from the resting heart rate to the maximum heart rate as 100% of the exercise intensity, the oxygen uptake (VO2) at each exercise intensity was plotted. That is, for example, when the exercise intensity is 50% HR, the following equation: 100×(x - resting heart rate) / (maximum heart rate - resting heart rate) = 50% HR When the oxygen uptake (VO2) corresponding to the heart rate of "x" in the equation indicates the "oxygen uptake (VO2) at an exercise intensity of 50% HR". The results are shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, it was confirmed that after single ingestion and after continuous ingestion, at all exercise intensities of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%, the oxygen uptake increased when Kemperol was ingested compared to when Kemperol was not ingested.

[0069] <2: Evaluation of Oxygen Consumption Efficiency (VO2 / VE)> The oxygen consumption efficiency was calculated by the following equation. Oxygen consumption efficiency (VO2 / VE) = oxygen uptake / ventilation volume As shown in Figure 2, after single ingestion and after continuous ingestion, an increase in oxygen consumption efficiency (VO2 / VE) was observed when Kemperol was ingested compared to when Kemperol was not ingested.

[0070] <3: Evaluation of Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES)> Using the ventilation volume and VO2 every minute from the start of the incremental load exercise, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) was calculated. Specifically, a linear graph was obtained by plotting the "log value of the ventilation volume (VE)" on the horizontal axis and "VO2" on the vertical axis, and the slope of the linear function graph was defined as OUES. For details, refer to Non-Patent Document 5. As shown in Figure 3, after single ingestion and after continuous ingestion, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) increased when Kemperol was ingested compared to when Kemperol was not ingested, and it was confirmed that oxygen was efficiently utilized throughout the incremental load exercise.

[0071] <4: Evaluation of maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) As shown in Figure 4, both after single ingestion and after continuous ingestion, the maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2peak )(mL / min / kg) increased compared to the case where Kemperol was not ingested.

[0072] <5: Evaluation of maximum exercise load As shown in Figure 5, both after single ingestion and after continuous ingestion, the maximum exercise load (weight of the pedal (watt)) increased when Kemperol was ingested compared to the case where Kemperol was not ingested.

[0073] <6: Influence on exercise intensity in daily life There are reports that the oxygen uptake (VO2) when climbing stairs and jogging is generally 14 mL / min / kg and 24.5 mL / min / kg respectively. In incremental exercise, the exercise intensity (%HR) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated when the oxygen uptake (VO2) reached 14 mL / min / kg and 24.5 mL / min / kg corresponding to climbing stairs and jogging respectively. The calculation methods of oxygen uptake (VO2) and exercise intensity (%HR) are the same as above. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated by the subjects at 1-minute intervals from the start of incremental exercise according to the following table, and the average of the response values of each subject was calculated. As shown in Figures 6-1 and 6-2, in both cases of oxygen uptake (VO2) corresponding to climbing stairs and jogging, both after single ingestion and after continuous ingestion, the exercise intensity and the rating of perceived exertion decreased when Kemperol was ingested compared to the case where Kemperol was not ingested. TIFF0007696824000001.tif38105

[0074] As shown in the evaluation results of the above 1 to 6, by ingesting the kemperol-containing food, the oxygen consumption and oxygen utilization efficiency increased under the same exercise intensity. Furthermore, the maximum exercise load increased. Also, when assuming the exercise intensity under the same oxygen consumption, the heart rate decreased, suggesting that the subjects' endurance improved and they could exercise more easily without shortness of breath. Since the exercise efficiency has improved in this way, it is considered that the fatigue feeling of the subjects is also reduced. In fact, by ingesting the kemperol-containing food, the exercise intensity perceived by the subjects has decreased, and shortness of breath and fatigue have been reduced. Therefore, it was suggested that this composition can be used as a composition for reducing shortness of breath and / or a composition for improving endurance.

[0075] <7: Influence on dynamic visual acuity> Before and after the incremental load exercise (within about 1 minute after exercise), the horizontal dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and the depth dynamic visual acuity (KVA) were measured to examine the influence on the dynamic visual acuity.

[0076] (1) Measurement of horizontal dynamic visual acuity (DVA: Dynamic Visual Acuity) Measuring instrument: Dynamic Vision Tester HI-10 (Kowa Company, Ltd.) Measurement method: The fastest speed at which the Landolt ring that moves horizontally on the arc centered on the subject can be visually recognized was measured. The target object automatically and gradually decelerated every time it rotated. When the break of the Landolt ring was distinguishable, the subject pressed the switch at hand and answered the direction (up, down, left, right) of the break. The rotation speed at that time displayed digitally was described on the recording paper and used as the test result. The results are shown in Figure 7.

[0077] <Test Example 2: Influence on ATP production in a hypoxic environment> C2C differentiated by horse serum 12Skeletal muscle cells were obtained, various compounds (final concentration 20 μM) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control were added, and after culturing for 24 hours in a hypoxic incubator (3% O2), the ATP content in the cells was quantified using a kit (luciferase luminescence method) manufactured by Toyo B-net Co., Ltd. The activity values were expressed as % values when the ATP content of the DMSO-added sample was set to 100%. The results are shown in Fig. 8.

[0078] <Test Example 3: Effects of Kampferol or Kampferol 3-O-Glucoside in Rats> Nine-week-old male SD rats were orally administered Kampferol (KMP; 1.0 mg / kg body weight), or Kampferol 3-O-glucoside (K3G; 0.1, 0.2, or 1 mg / kg body weight in terms of the KMP aglycone value) once a day at 9:00 am for 8 consecutive days (bred in 21% oxygen). On the 8th day of administration, the Cont group was exposed to 21% oxygen for 1 hour, and the other groups were exposed to 12% oxygen concentration for 1 hour, then the soleus muscle (Sol) and whole brain were excised, and the ATP content in the tissues was measured. The results are shown in Figs. 9-1 to -2.

[0079] <Test Example 4: Amounts of Kampferol and Kampferol Glycosides Contained in Raw Materials> Wasabi leaves, saffron, black tea leaves, kale, propolis, takana, and arugula were used as specimens, and the amounts of kampferol and kampferol glycosides contained in them were measured according to the following method. The results are shown in Fig. 10. (1) 0.8 g of the specimen was weighed with an electronic balance in a 50 mL PP tube (N = 1 to 3), and 40 mL of a 70% ethanol aqueous solution was aliquoted and added and weighed with a graduated cylinder. Suspension was carried out at room temperature at 2,000 rpm for 1 minute using a Polytron homogenizer. (2) The suspension was thoroughly inverted and mixed, and 1 mL of the suspension was pipetted and weighed into a 14 mL glass test tube with a 1 mL pipetteman (N = 1 to 3). (3) 1 mL of 2N hydrochloric acid was added using a 1 mL pipetteman, mixed by vortexing, and then heated in a heat block at 100 °C for 20 minutes (conversion of kempeol glycoside to kempeol aglycone by acid hydrolysis). After heating, it was ice-cooled for 5 minutes or more. (4) 5 mL of hexane was added using a dispenser inside the draft. It was shaken horizontally by hand 20 times. Centrifugation was performed at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes using a large cooling centrifuge. (5) Inside the draft, the upper layer was discarded using a Pasteur pipette. 5 mL of ethyl acetate was added using a dispenser. It was shaken horizontally at room temperature, 150 rpm for 10 minutes using a shaker. Centrifugation was performed at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes using a large cooling centrifuge. (6) Inside the draft, the upper layer was collected into a 14 mL glass test tube for drying using a Pasteur pipette. The collected upper layer was dried under nitrogen at 60 °C using a blow-type nitrogen dryer. 5 mL of ethyl acetate was added to the lower layer using a dispenser. It was shaken horizontally at room temperature, 150 rpm for 10 minutes using a shaker. Centrifugation was performed at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes using a large cooling centrifuge. (7) The 14 mL glass test tube for drying was taken out (drying does not have to be complete). Inside the draft, the upper layer was collected into a 14 mL glass test tube for drying using a Pasteur pipette. The collected upper layer was dried under nitrogen at 60 °C using a blow-type nitrogen dryer. (8) When drying was completed, the 14 mL glass test tube was taken out, 1 mL of 70% ethanol aqueous solution was added using a 1 mL pipetteman, and it was dissolved by vortexing. It was sonicated for 1 minute x 2 times using a ultrasonic generator and dissolved by vortexing. 400 μL of the dissolved solution was added to a mini-unifilter using a 1 mL pipetteman and filtered through the filter. (9) It was subjected to HPLC analysis.

[0080] <Test Example 5: Production of Wasabi Extract> Wasabi extract was produced by the following steps (1) to (6). (1) After harvesting wasabi leaves, they were washed, sterilized, and dried by hot air. (2) The dried Japanese horseradish leaves (with a sinigrin content (in terms of aglycone) of 11 mg / g) were extracted with 50% ethanol and concentrated. (3) The extract concentrate was adsorbed and desorbed on a resin column to purify and concentrate sinigrin. (4) The purified solution was adjusted to pH 5.0 with an appropriate acid or base, and an enzymatic reaction with a hydrolyzing enzyme was carried out at 50 °C for an appropriate time. (5) The enzyme was inactivated at 80 °C. (6) The lyophilized product was used as Japanese horseradish extract (powder).

[0081] <Test Example 6: Quantification of sinigrin in Japanese horseradish extract> The amount of sinigrin aglycone contained in the Japanese horseradish extract (powder, dry weight) obtained in Test Example 5 was quantified by the following method. The sinigrin content in the Japanese horseradish extract (powder, dry weight) was 161 mg / g. Quantification method (1) 0.2 g of the sample was weighed on an electronic balance in a 50 mL PP tube (N = 1 - 3), and 40 mL of a 70% ethanol aqueous solution was dispensed with a graduated cylinder and added and weighed. Suspension was carried out at room temperature, 2,000 rpm for 1 minute using a Polytron homogenizer. (2) The suspension was thoroughly inverted and mixed, and 1 mL of the suspension was pipetted and weighed into a 14 mL glass test tube with a 1 mL pipetteman (N = 1 - 3). (3) 1 mL of Milli-Q water was added with a 1 mL pipetteman, mixed with a vortex, and then heated in a heat block at 100 °C for 20 minutes. After heating, it was ice-cooled for 5 minutes or more. (4) 5 mL of hexane was added with a dispenser in a fume hood. It was shaken horizontally by hand 20 times. Centrifugation was carried out at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes using a large cooling centrifuge. (5) In the fume hood, the upper layer was discarded with a Pasteur pipette. 5 mL of ethyl acetate was added with a dispenser. It was shaken horizontally at room temperature, 150 rpm for 10 minutes using a shaker. Centrifugation was carried out at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes using a large cooling centrifuge. (6) In the draft, the upper layer was collected with a Pasteur pipette into a 14 mL glass test tube for drying. The collected upper layer was dried with nitrogen at 60 °C using a spray-type nitrogen dryer. 5 mL of ethyl acetate was added to the lower layer with a dispenser. It was shaken horizontally at room temperature, 150 rpm for 10 minutes with a shaker. Centrifugation was performed at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes using a large cooling centrifuge. (7) The 14 mL glass test tube for drying was taken out (drying does not have to be completed). In the draft, the upper layer was collected with a Pasteur pipette into a 14 mL glass test tube for drying. The collected upper layer was dried with nitrogen at 60 °C using a spray-type nitrogen dryer. (8) When drying was completed, the 14 mL glass test tube was taken out, 10 mL of a 70% ethanol aqueous solution was added with a 10 mL pipetteman, and it was dissolved with a vortex. It was sonicated twice for 1 minute using an ultrasonic generator and dissolved with a vortex. 400 mL of the dissolved solution was added to a mini-unifilter with a 1 mL pipetteman and passed through the filter. (9) It was subjected to HPLC analysis.

Claims

1. A composition for improving exercise efficiency, containing wasabi leaf extract and / or processed wasabi leaf, The extract is obtained by a method including subjecting wasabi leaf to enzymatic treatment and / or acid hydrolysis treatment for converting glucokempferol glycoside to kempferol aglycone, and performing extraction treatment, The processed product is obtained by a method including subjecting wasabi leaf to enzymatic treatment and / or acid hydrolysis treatment for converting glucokempferol glycoside to kempferol aglycone, and not including extraction treatment, The composition is characterized in that 0.5 mg to 1 g of wasabi leaf extract and / or processed wasabi leaf is administered per day, and 0.5 mg to 600 mg of kempferol is administered per day.

2. The composition according to claim 1, for improving endurance.

3. The composition according to claim 1, for reducing shortness of breath.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is administered to a subject in a hypoxic state.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a food or drink.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a pharmaceutical composition.

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