Method for lifting and docking nacelle during installation of offshore wind turbine using floating ship

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for lifting and docking a nacelle when a floating ship is used to deploy an offshore wind turbine, which can solve the problem of not being able to reliably dock the nacelle and tower when a floating ship is used to deploy an offshore wind turbine, and solves the problem of high cost and long construction period caused by using a jack-up offshore platform or a fixed-bottom offshore platform to deploy a large-scale offshore wind turbine. A crane is provided on the deck platform of the floating ship, and the crane uses a spreader to lift the nacelle, on which the docking and positioning device is previously installed, to a predetermined distance above the tower, and then connects the docking and positioning device to the tower via a hand chain hoist, manually operates the hand chain hoist to align the flange holes of the nacelle flange and the tower flange, and operates the crane to lower the nacelle to the nacelle flange hole and place it in place, and inserts the connecting bolt into the tower flange hole that corresponds to the one-to-one correspondence, and finally removes the docking and positioning device and the hand chain hoist, thus completing the docking operation of the nacelle and the tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind turbine arrangement, and in particular, to the field of docking and arrangement of the nacelle and tower of an offshore wind turbine. Specifically, it is a method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the arrangement of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship.

Background Art

[0002] The docking operation between the nacelle and the tower is an important process in the arrangement process of the wind turbine. Generally, a large lifting device is used to first lift the nacelle above the tower, then connect the bottom flange of the nacelle to the upper flange of the tower, and then connect and arrange them with bolts. In the arrangement operation of offshore wind turbines, due to the intense influence of the external environmental load on the ocean, when arranging an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship, the crane jib of the floating ship shakes greatly, and the nacelle lifted by the hook of the jib shakes greatly, making it difficult to reliably dock with the tower of the wind turbine. If docked forcibly, the shaking nacelle and tower are likely to collide. In the case of being light, the bolts connecting the two may bend, and in the serious case, the nacelle may be damaged. For this reason, in most current offshore wind turbine arrangements, a jack-up offshore platform or a fixed-bottom offshore platform is used to lift the nacelle and dock it with the tower. However, the jack-up offshore platform or the fixed-bottom offshore platform itself has a high cost and low mobility. Especially for the arrangement of large offshore wind turbines, the cost is high and the construction period is long, so it cannot be said to be satisfactory.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for lifting and docking a nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship, which can solve the problem that the nacelle and the tower cannot be reliably docked during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship, and can solve the problems of high cost and long construction period caused by installing large-scale offshore wind turbines using a jack-up offshore platform or a fixed-bottom offshore platform.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] Its technical form is as follows. A crane is provided on the deck platform of the floating ship, and a spreader for lifting the nacelle is provided on the main lifting jib of the crane. A nacelle flange and a tower flange are respectively provided on the bottom surface of the nacelle and the top surface of the tower of the offshore wind turbine. Nacelle flange holes and tower flange holes are evenly opened in the circumferential direction on the nacelle flange and the tower flange respectively, and the nacelle flange holes and the tower flange holes correspond to each other one by one. A method for lifting and docking a nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship, which uses a crane to lift the nacelle with a pre-arranged docking and positioning device by the spreader to a predetermined distance above the tower, and then connects the docking and positioning device to the tower through a hand chain hoist, manually operates the hand chain hoist to align the flange holes of the nacelle flange and the tower flange, operates the crane to lower the nacelle to the nacelle flange holes for placement, inserts connecting bolts into the tower flange holes corresponding one by one, and finally removes the docking and positioning device and the hand chain hoist. In this way, the docking operation between the nacelle and the tower is completed. This is characterized by the above.

[0005] Furthermore, the docking and positioning device includes a positioning pin and a lifting plate attached to the central position of the bottom of the nacelle. Four lifting lugs arranged in a cross shape are provided at the bottom of the lifting plate. The four lifting lugs are the first lifting lug, the second lifting lug, the third lifting lug, and the fourth lifting lug respectively. The length of the positioning pin is longer than the length of the connecting bolt. Before lifting the nacelle, three of the nacelle flange holes are selected as positioning pin holes, the positioning pins are provided in the three positioning pin holes, and connecting bolts are provided in all of the remaining nacelle flange holes. The three positioning pin holes are the first positioning pin hole, the second positioning pin hole, and the third positioning pin hole respectively. The first positioning pin hole and the second positioning pin hole are on the same straight line as the center of the bottom of the nacelle. Also, four of the tower flange holes are used as traction holes, which are the first traction hole, the second traction hole, the third traction hole, and the fourth traction hole respectively. The first traction hole corresponds to the first positioning pin hole, the second traction hole corresponds to the second positioning pin hole. Any tower flange hole between the tower flange hole corresponding to the third positioning pin hole and the first traction hole and any tower flange hole between the second traction hole are used as the third traction hole and the fourth traction hole. After the crane lifts the nacelle with the above docking and positioning device to a predetermined distance above the tower, four hand chain hoists are used. The hanger hook ends on one side of the four hand chain hoists are respectively connected to the four lifting lugs. The hanger hook ends on the other side of the four hand chain hoists are respectively connected to the first traction hole, the second traction hole, the third traction hole, and the fourth traction hole through slings. Then, while manually operating the four hand chain hoists, the nacelle is lowered by the crane, and the positioning pins in the three positioning pin holes are respectively inserted into the corresponding tower flange holes of the tower to perform the initial alignment between the nacelle and the tower. Then, the nacelle is further lowered by the crane until all the connecting bolts in the remaining nacelle flange holes extend to the corresponding tower flange holes one by one. Finally, the four hand chain hoists and the three positioning pins are removed, and connecting bolts are respectively installed in the three positioning pins.

[0006] Furthermore, the positioning pins include a first positioning pin and a second positioning pin. The length of the first positioning pin is longer than that of the second positioning pin, and the length of the second positioning pin is longer than that of the connecting bolt. Two second positioning pins are provided, and the two second positioning pins are respectively mounted in the first positioning pin hole and the second positioning pin hole. The first positioning pin is mounted in the third positioning pin hole. The four hand chain hoists are respectively a first hand chain hoist, a second hand chain hoist, a third hand chain hoist, and a fourth hand chain hoist. One hanger hook end of the first hand chain hoist is connected to the first lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the first traction hole via a sling. One hanger hook end of the second hand chain hoist is connected to the second lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the second traction hole via a sling. One hanger hook end of the third hand chain hoist is connected to the fourth lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the third traction hole via a sling. One hanger hook end of the fourth hand chain hoist is connected to the third lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the fourth traction hole via a sling. When installing the four hand chain hoists, it is necessary to adjust the lengths of the hoists simultaneously so that none of the four properly installed hand chain hoists is subjected to force. Then, while manually tightening the third hand chain hoist and the fourth hand chain hoist respectively, slowly lower the nacelle by the crane. Slowly insert the first positioning pin into the corresponding tower flange hole while adjusting the position of the first positioning pin. Next, while tightening the third hand chain hoist and the fourth hand chain hoist, manually adjust the first hand chain hoist and the second hand chain hoist respectively to adjust the positions of the two second positioning pins. At the same time, slowly lower the nacelle by the crane until the two second positioning pins extend in alignment with the first traction hole and the second traction hole respectively, thereby completing the initial positioning of the nacelle and the tower.

[0007] Furthermore, the third positioning pin hole is on the perpendicular bisector connecting the first positioning pin hole and the second positioning pin hole, and the tower flange hole corresponding to the third positioning pin hole forms an angle of 45° with both the third traction hole and the fourth traction hole in the radial direction.

[0008] Furthermore, all three of the positioning pins include a pin main body part, a threaded end part, a positioning end part, and a positioning guiding part. One end of the pin main body part is the threaded end part that fits into the nacelle flange hole, and the other end is integrally connected to the positioning end part by the positioning guiding part. The positioning guiding part is a reduced-diameter conical shape extending from the threaded end part toward the positioning end part, and the positioning end part is a regular quadrilateral.

[0009] Furthermore, the length of the hand chain hoist is calculated from the current roll angle and pitch angle of the floating body ship before lifting the nacelle by a method of calculating the roll and pitch of the floating body ship by roll = roll angle × height of the suspended object × π / 180, pitch = pitch angle × height of the suspended object × π / 180. CAD lofting is performed from the calculated roll and pitch, and furthermore, a margin of 0.5 m to 1 m is left based on the CAD lofting size to obtain the length of the hand chain hoist.

[0010] Furthermore, the force borne by the hand chain hoist is obtained by superimposing the roll and pitch calculated above to obtain a comprehensive sway, and the hoist force = [weight of the nacelle × (twice the comprehensive sway) / distance from the boom top of the suspended object] × maximum length of the hand chain hoist / horizontal distance from the traction hole of the lifting lug is calculated.

[0011] Furthermore, before performing the nacelle lifting and docking operations by the crane, it is necessary to observe and judge whether the weather, sea conditions, and ship conditions at the construction site meet the predetermined lifting requirements.

[0012] Furthermore, before the nacelle is lifted and docked by the crane, observe and update the weather forecast at the construction site within the next 12 hours. Within 9 hours after the completion of the tower lifting of the wind turbine, confirm that the wind speed is less than 8 m / s, there is no rainfall, and the wave height is less than 0.5 m. Also, confirm that both the roll angle and pitch angle of the floating ship are maintained at 0.2°, and the tilt angle and trim angle of the floating ship are maintained at 0.3°.

[0013] Furthermore, during the process of lifting the nacelle to a predetermined distance above the tower, it is necessary to stop and observe the crane twice. The first stop observation is carried out after the nacelle is lifted by the crane, and the second stop observation is carried out after the nacelle is lifted and rotated above the tower. In these two stop observations, it is observed whether the actual swing of the nacelle at the observed position after lifting is smaller than the preset safe lifting control swing γ, and whether the pitching is less than 100 mm. Also, the time for the two stop observations is between 2 minutes and 10 minutes.

[0014] Furthermore, before the nacelle is lifted by the crane, two guy lines are attached to the nacelle flange. Each guy line includes a main guy line and a sub-guy line. The main guy line is wound or rewound by the warping end of the winch of the floating ship, and the spare guy line is manually operated for guy line control.

[0015] Furthermore, the spreader includes a hanger hook unit and a hoisting beam. The hanger hook unit is connected to the main lifting jib of the crane. The hoisting beam is suspended from the hanger hook unit via an upper sling. The nacelle is lifted below the hoisting beam via rigging. One guy line is connected to each end of the hoisting beam. One side of the guy line is wound around a pulley of the main lifting jib of the crane. After the docking operation between the nacelle and the tower is completed and before the spreader is removed, it is necessary to confirm that the wind speed at the construction site does not exceed 8 meters per second in the next hour, the crane's cradle angle does not exceed 0.2 degrees within 30 minutes before the spreader is removed, and the spreader swing does not exceed 0.4 meters.

Advantages of the Invention

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows. A docking and positioning device is provided on the nacelle. The docking and positioning device and the tower are connected by a hand chain hoist. During the process of lowering the nacelle by a crane to dock with the tower, the angle and position of the nacelle are adjusted by operating the hand chain hoist, and the connection bolts pre-installed in the nacelle flange holes are aligned with the corresponding tower flange holes, effectively improving the certainty of docking. In addition, by using a floating ship to perform the operation of lifting the nacelle and docking with the tower, the problems of high cost and long construction period caused by using a jack-up offshore platform or a fixed offshore platform for the operation are avoided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0018] In the present invention, in the method for lifting and docking a nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship, a crane 50 is provided on the deck platform 60 of the floating ship. As shown in FIG. 7, a spreader for lifting the nacelle is provided on the main lifting jib 51 of the crane 50. Before performing the nacelle lifting and docking operations by the crane 50, it is necessary to observe and determine whether the weather, sea conditions, and ship conditions at the construction site meet the predetermined lifting requirements. Before performing the nacelle lifting and docking operations by the crane, observe and update the weather forecast at the construction site within the next 12 hours, and confirm that the wind speed is less than 8 meters per second, there is no rainfall, and the wave height is less than 0.5 meters within 9 hours after the completion of the tower lifting of the wind turbine. Also, confirm that both the roll angle and pitch angle of the floating ship are maintained at 0.2°, and the inclination angle and trim angle of the floating ship are maintained at 0.3°. Furthermore, before lifting the nacelle, the deck crew monitors the attitude of the ship and the forces related to the anchor points in real time, and immediately adjusts the forces on the anchor cables to keep the ship in a stable lifting state. Thereby, the influence of bad weather and sea conditions on the floating ship can be avoided as much as possible, and the floating ship can lift and dock the nacelle and tower in a relatively stable state.

[0019] As shown in Fig. 1, nacelle flanges 11 are respectively provided on the bottom surface of the nacelle 10 of the offshore wind turbine and the top surface of the tower 20. Nacelle flange holes and tower flange holes are evenly opened in the circumferential direction on the tower flange 21 and the nacelle flange, and the nacelle flange holes and the tower flange holes correspond to each other one by one. The crane 50 uses a spreader to lift the nacelle 10 with a pre-arranged docking and positioning device above the tower 20 to a predetermined distance, and then connects the docking and positioning device to the hand chain hoist 36 through the tower 20. Manually operate the hand chain hoist to align the flange holes of the nacelle flange and the tower flange, and operate the crane to lower the nacelle to the nacelle flange hole for placement. Insert the connection bolts 33 into the corresponding tower flange holes one by one. Finally, remove the docking and positioning device and the hand chain hoist, thus completing the docking operation between the nacelle and the tower.

[0020] Before lifting the nacelle 10 by the crane, two guy lines are attached to the nacelle flange 11. Each guy line includes a main guy line and a sub-guy line. The main guy line is wound or rewound by the warping end of the winch on the floating vessel. The standby guy line is manually operated for guy line control. During the operation, skilled crew members for operating the winches are equipped on the front and rear winches respectively. There are two workers beside the winches. One is responsible for winding the rope at the warping end and controlling the winding and rewinding in real time. The other conveys instructions to the crew member operating the winch according to the instructions from the platform of the tower. Manual guy line operation is used for standby guy line control. Four people pull to conduct guy line control. The guy line adjusts the guy line control position according to the lifting angle at the site to avoid the nacelle from spinning at high altitude in case the main guy line breaks. During the lifting process of the cabin, the lifting commander observes the attitude of the cabin in real time, gives timely instructions to the guy line control personnel, and at the same time observes the position of the cabin relative to the crane jib frame of the crane to ensure an effective safety distance.

[0021] Before lifting the nacelle 10, a docking and positioning device is attached to the center of the bottom surface of the nacelle 10. As shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, the docking and positioning device includes a positioning pin and a lifting plate 31 attached to the center position of the bottom of the nacelle. At the bottom of the lifting plate 31, four lifting lugs arranged in a cross shape are provided. These four lifting lugs are the first lifting lug 32a, the second lifting lug 32b, the third lifting lug 32c, and the fourth lifting lug 32d, respectively. The length of the positioning pin is longer than the length of the connection bolt 33. Before lifting the nacelle 10, three of the nacelle flange holes are selected as positioning pin holes, and positioning pins are provided in these three positioning pin holes. Connection bolts 33 are provided in all of the remaining nacelle flange holes. The three positioning pin holes are the first positioning pin hole 34a, the second positioning pin hole 34b, and the third positioning pin hole 34c, respectively. The first positioning pin hole 34a and the second positioning pin hole 34b are on the same straight line as the center of the bottom of the nacelle 10. Also, four of the tower flange holes are used as traction holes, namely the first traction hole 22a, the second traction hole 22b, the third traction hole 22c, and the fourth traction hole 22d, respectively. The first traction hole 22a corresponds to the first positioning pin hole 34a, the second traction hole 22b corresponds to the second positioning pin hole 34b. Any tower flange hole between the tower flange hole corresponding to the third positioning pin hole 34c and the first traction hole 22a and any tower flange hole between the second traction hole 22b are used as the third traction hole 22c and the fourth traction hole 22d.After the crane hoists the nacelle 10 with the above docking and positioning device to a predetermined distance above the tower, four hand chain hoists are used. The hanger hook ends on one side of the four hand chain hoists are respectively connected to four lifting lugs, and the hanger hook ends on the other side of the four hand chain hoists are respectively connected to the first traction hole 22a, the second traction hole 22b, the third traction hole 22c, and the fourth traction hole 22d through slings. Then, while manually operating the four hand chain hoists, the crane lowers the nacelle. The positioning pins in the three positioning pin holes are respectively inserted into the corresponding tower flange holes of the tower to perform the initial alignment between the nacelle and the tower. Then, the crane further lowers the nacelle until all the connecting bolts 33 in the remaining nacelle flange holes extend one-to-one into the corresponding tower flange holes. Finally, the four hand chain hoists and the three positioning pins are removed, and connecting bolts are respectively installed in the three positioning pins. Using the principle of triangulation, three of the nacelle flange holes are used as three positioning pin holes, and positioning pins are provided in each of these three positioning pin holes. The four lifting lugs of the lifting plate 31 provided at the center of the bottom surface of the nacelle are respectively connected to the four traction holes of the tower flange 21 by the four hand chain hoists. During the docking process, by pulling the four hand chain hoists, the angle of the nacelle 10 relative to the tower 20 is adjusted, the three positioning pins are aligned with the corresponding flange holes of the tower, and the initial positioning between the nacelle and the tower is further realized by the three positioning pins.

[0022] In a preferred technical solution, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, the positioning pins include a first positioning pin 35a and a second positioning pin 35b. The length of the first positioning pin 35a is longer than that of the second positioning pin 35b, and the length of the second positioning pin 35b is longer than that of the connecting bolt 33. Two second positioning pins 35b are provided. The two second positioning pins 35b are respectively installed in the first positioning pin hole 34a and the second positioning pin hole 34b. The first positioning pin 35a is installed in the third positioning pin hole 35c. The four hand chain hoists are respectively a first hand chain hoist 36a, a second hand chain hoist 36b, a third hand chain hoist 36c, and a fourth hand chain hoist 36d. One hanger hook end of the first hand chain hoist 36a is connected to the first lifting lug 32a, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the first traction hole 22a via a sling. One hanger hook end of the second hand chain hoist 36b is connected to the second lifting lug 32b, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the second traction hole 22b via a sling. One hanger hook end of the third hand chain hoist 36c is connected to the fourth lifting lug 32d, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the third traction hole 22c via a sling. One hanger hook end of the fourth hand chain hoist 36d is connected to the third lifting lug 32c, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the fourth traction hole 22d via a sling. When installing the four hand chain hoists, it is necessary to adjust the lengths of the hoists simultaneously so that none of the four properly installed hand chain hoists is subjected to force. Then, while manually tightening the third hand chain hoist 36c and the fourth hand chain hoist 36d respectively, slowly lower the nacelle by a crane, and slowly insert the first positioning pin 35a into the corresponding tower flange hole while adjusting the position of the first positioning pin 35a.Next, while tightening the third hand chain hoist 36c and the fourth hand chain hoist 36d, adjust the first hand chain hoist 36a and the second hand chain hoist 36b respectively to adjust the positions of the two second positioning pins 35b. At the same time, lower the nacelle slowly by the crane until the two second positioning pins 35b extend and are aligned with the first traction hole 22a and the second traction hole 22b respectively, thereby completing the initial positioning of the nacelle and the tower. Based on the triangulation principle, the three positioning pins are configured such that one is long and the remaining two are short (i.e., the length of the first positioning pin 35a is longer than the length of the second positioning pin 35b, and the length of the second positioning pin 35b is longer than the length of the connecting bolt 33). Thereby, when docking and aligning positions using the three positioning pins, first, align the first positioning pin 35a with the tower flange, and then align the two second positioning pins 35b, thereby improving the stability and certainty of the docking of the nacelle and the tower.

[0023] In a more preferred technical solution, the third positioning pin hole 34c is on the perpendicular bisector connecting the first positioning pin hole 34a and the second positioning pin hole 34b. As shown in FIG. 4, the three positioning pin holes are arranged in a right-angled isosceles triangle, and the tower flange hole corresponding to the third positioning pin hole 34c forms an angle of 45° with both the third traction hole 22c and the fourth traction hole 22d in the radial direction. Thereby, the traction operation of the four hand chain hoists is made easier and labor-saving, and the difficulty of docking and positioning the nacelle and the tower is reduced.

[0024] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, all three positioning pins include a pin main body portion 351, a threaded end portion 352, a positioning end portion 353, and a positioning guide portion 354. One end of the pin main body portion 351 is the threaded end portion 352 that fits into the nacelle flange hole, and the other end is integrally connected to the positioning end portion 353 by the positioning guide portion 354. The positioning guide portion 354 is a reduced-diameter conical shape extending from the threaded end portion 352 toward the positioning end portion 353, and the positioning end portion 353 is a regular quadrangle. The conical positioning guide portion 354 and the quadrangular positioning end portion of the positioning pin can perform an efficient guiding and positioning function at the initial stage of the docking between the positioning pin and the corresponding flange hole of the tower, and can further improve the certainty of the docking positioning.

[0025] The lengths of the above four hand chain hoists are calculated by calculating the roll and pitch of the floating body from the current roll angle and pitch angle of the floating body before lifting the nacelle, where roll = roll angle × height of the suspended object × π / 180, pitch = pitch angle × height of the suspended object × π / 180, performing CAD lofting based on the calculated roll and pitch, and leaving a margin of 0.5 m to 1 m based on the CAD lofting size to obtain the length of the hand chain hoist. The force on the hand chain hoist is calculated by superimposing the roll and pitch calculated above to obtain a combined sway, and the hoist force = [weight of the nacelle × (2 times the combined sway) / distance from the boom top of the suspended object] × maximum length of the hand chain hoist / horizontal distance from the towing hole of the lifting lug. As shown in FIG. 8, γ' is 2 times the sway, L is the distance from the boom top of the suspended object, l is the horizontal distance from the towing hole of the lifting lug, and D is the maximum length of the hand chain hoist.

[0026] In a more preferable technical solution, during the process of lifting the nacelle 10 to a predetermined distance above the tower 20, the crane needs to be stopped and observed twice. The first stop and observation is carried out after the nacelle is lifted by the crane, and the second stop and observation is carried out after the nacelle is lifted and rotated above the tower. In the two stops and observations, it is observed whether the actual swing of the lifted nacelle at the observation position is smaller than the preset safe lifting control swing γ at the observation position, and whether the pitching is less than 100 mm. Also, the time for the two stops and observations is between 2 minutes and 10 minutes. The safe lifting control swing γ is obtained by calculating the lifting safe roll and pitch at the corresponding position from the roll angle, pitch angle, and the height of the suspended object at the observation position, and then superimposing the lifting safe roll and pitch.

[0027] In the present invention, the spreader includes a hanger hook unit 41 and a hoisting beam 42. The hanger hook unit 41 is connected to the main lifting jib 51 of the crane 50. The hoisting beam 42 is suspended from the hanger hook unit 41 via an upper sling. Below the hoisting beam 42, the nacelle 10 is lifted via rigging. One guy line is connected to each end of the hoisting beam 42. The guy line on one side is wound around the pulley 52 of the main lifting jib 51 of the crane 50. Thereby, the stability of the hoisting beam when removing the spreader after completing the docking of the nacelle and the tower can be ensured. Further, before removing the spreader after completing the docking operation of the nacelle and the tower, it is necessary to confirm that the wind speed at the construction site does not exceed 8 meters per second in the next hour, the cradle angle of the crane within 30 minutes before removing the spreader does not exceed 0.2 degrees, and the spreader swing does not exceed 0.4 meters. Thereby, it is ensured that the process of removing the spreader is not affected by external factors such as bad weather and sea conditions that may damage the docked nacelle and tower.

[0028] As described above, the specific implementation of the present invention has been described in detail, but the content is only a more excellent embodiment of the present invention and is not considered to be used for limiting the scope of implementation of the present invention. Equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the application of the present invention shall also be the subject of the patent of the present invention.

Explanation of Signs

[0029] 10 nacelle 11 nacelle flange 20 tower 21 tower flange 22a First traction hole 22b Second traction hole 22c Third traction hole 22d Fourth traction hole 31 lifting plate 32a First lifting lug 32b Second lifting lug 32c Third lifting lug 32d Fourth lifting lug 33 connecting bolt 34a First positioning pin hole 34b Second positioning pin hole 34c Third positioning pin hole 35 positioning pin 35a First positioning pin 35b Second positioning pin 351 Pin body part 352 Threaded end 353 Positioning end 354 Positioning guide part 36 hand chain hoist 36a First hand chain hoist 36b Second hand chain hoist 36c Third hand chain hoist 36d Fourth hand chain hoist 41 hanger hook unit 42 hoisting beam 50 crane 51 main lifting jib 52 Pulley 60 Deck Platform of Floating Vessel

Claims

1. A crane is provided on the deck platform of a floating ship, and a spreader for lifting a nacelle is provided on the main lifting jib of the crane. A nacelle flange and a tower flange are respectively provided on the bottom surface of the nacelle of an offshore wind turbine and the top surface of the tower. Nacelle flange holes and tower flange holes are respectively evenly opened in the circumferential direction on the nacelle flange and the tower flange, and the nacelle flange holes and the tower flange holes correspond to each other one by one. A method for lifting and docking a nacelle during the arrangement of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship, comprising: Using the crane, the spreader is used to lift the nacelle with a docking and positioning device pre-arranged to a predetermined distance above the tower. Then, the docking and positioning device is connected to the tower via a hand chain hoist, and the hand chain hoist is manually operated to align the flange holes of the nacelle flange and the tower flange. At the same time, the crane is operated to lower the nacelle to the nacelle flange holes and place it. Connecting bolts are inserted into the tower flange holes corresponding one by one. Finally, the docking and positioning device and the hand chain hoist are removed. In this way, the docking operation between the nacelle and the tower is completed. The docking and positioning device includes a positioning pin and a lifting plate attached to the central position of the bottom of the nacelle. Four lifting lugs arranged in a cross shape are provided at the bottom of the lifting plate. The four lifting lugs are respectively the first lifting lug, the second lifting lug, the third lifting lug, and the fourth lifting lug. The length of the positioning pin is longer than the length of the connecting bolt. Before lifting the nacelle, three of the nacelle flange holes are selected as positioning pin holes, and the positioning pins are provided in the three positioning pin holes. Connecting bolts are provided in all of the remaining nacelle flange holes. The three positioning pin holes are respectively the first positioning pin hole, the second positioning pin hole, and the third positioning pin hole. The first positioning pin hole and the second positioning pin hole are on the same straight line as the center of the bottom of the nacelle. Further, four of the tower flange holes are used as traction holes, namely the first traction hole, the second traction hole, the third traction hole, and the fourth traction hole respectively. The first traction hole corresponds to the first positioning pin hole, the second traction hole corresponds to the second positioning pin hole, and any tower flange hole between the tower flange hole corresponding to the third positioning pin hole and the first traction hole, and any tower flange hole between the tower flange hole and the second traction hole are used as the third traction hole and the fourth traction hole. After the crane hoists the nacelle with the above docking and positioning device to a predetermined distance above the tower, four hand chain hoists are used. The hanger hook ends on one side of the four hand chain hoists are respectively connected to four lifting lugs, and the hanger hook ends on the other side of the four hand chain hoists are respectively connected to the first traction hole, the second traction hole, the third traction hole, and the fourth traction hole through slings. Then, while manually operating the four hand chain hoists, the crane lowers the nacelle, and the positioning pins in the three positioning pin holes are respectively inserted into the corresponding tower flange holes of the tower to perform the initial alignment between the nacelle and the tower. Then, the crane further lowers the nacelle until all the connection bolts in the remaining nacelle flange holes extend one-to-one into the corresponding tower flange holes. Finally, the four hand chain hoists and the three positioning pins are removed, and connection bolts are respectively installed in the three positioning pins. This is the method characterized by the above steps.

2. The positioning pins include a first positioning pin and a second positioning pin. The length of the first positioning pin is longer than that of the second positioning pin, and the length of the second positioning pin is longer than that of the connecting bolt. Two second positioning pins are provided, and the two second positioning pins are respectively installed in the first positioning pin hole and the second positioning pin hole. The first positioning pin is installed in the third positioning pin hole. The four hand chain hoists are respectively a first hand chain hoist, a second hand chain hoist, a third hand chain hoist, and a fourth hand chain hoist. One hanger hook end of the first hand chain hoist is connected to the first lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the first towing hole through a sling. One hanger hook end of the second hand chain hoist is connected to the second lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the second towing hole through a sling. One hanger hook end of the third hand chain hoist is connected to the fourth lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the third towing hole through a sling. One hanger hook end of the fourth hand chain hoist is connected to the third lifting lug, and the other hanger hook end is connected to the fourth towing hole through a sling. When installing the four hand chain hoists, it is necessary to adjust the lengths of the hoists simultaneously so that none of the four properly installed hand chain hoists are subjected to force. Then, while manually tightening the third hand chain hoist and the fourth hand chain hoist respectively, slowly lower the nacelle by the crane, and slowly insert the first positioning pin into the corresponding tower flange hole while adjusting the position of the first positioning pin. Next, while tightening the third hand chain hoist and the fourth hand chain hoist, manually adjust the first hand chain hoist and the second hand chain hoist respectively to adjust the positions of the two second positioning pins. At the same time, slowly lower the nacelle by the crane until the two second positioning pins are aligned with and extend into the first towing hole and the second towing hole respectively, thereby completing the initial positioning of the nacelle and the tower. The method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

3. The third positioning pin hole is on the perpendicular bisector connecting the first positioning pin hole and the second positioning pin hole, and the tower flange hole corresponding to the third positioning pin hole forms an angle of 45° with both the third towing hole and the fourth towing hole in the radial direction. The method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

4. All three of the positioning pins include a pin body portion, a threaded end portion, a positioning end portion, and a positioning guide portion. One end of the pin body portion is the threaded end portion that fits with the nacelle flange hole, and the other end is integrally connected to the positioning end portion by the positioning guide portion. The positioning guide portion is a reduced-diameter conical shape extending from the threaded end portion toward the positioning end portion, and the positioning end portion is a regular quadrilateral. The method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

5. The selection of the hand chain hoist includes the selection of the length of the hand chain hoist and the selection of the force bearing. The length of the hand chain hoist is calculated from the current roll angle and pitch angle of the floating vessel before lifting the nacelle. The roll of the floating vessel and the pitch are calculated as follows: roll = roll angle × height of the suspended object × π / 180, pitch = pitch angle × height of the suspended object × π / 180. Based on the calculated roll and pitch, CAD lofting is performed. Further, a margin of 0.5 m to 1 m is left based on the CAD lofting size to obtain the length of the hand chain hoist. The force bearing of the hand chain hoist is calculated by overlapping the calculated roll and pitch to obtain a comprehensive sway, and the hoist force = [weight of the nacelle × (twice the comprehensive sway) / distance from the boom top of the suspended object] × maximum length of the hand chain hoist / horizontal distance from the towing hole of the lifting lug. This is the method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of the offshore wind turbine using the floating vessel according to claim 1.

6. Before performing the nacelle lifting and docking operations by crane, it is necessary to observe and determine whether the weather, sea conditions, and ship conditions at the construction site meet the predetermined lifting requirements. Before performing the nacelle lifting and docking operations by crane, observe and update the weather forecast at the construction site within the next 12 hours. After the completion of the tower lifting of the wind turbine within 9 hours, confirm that the wind speed is less than 8 m / s, there is no rainfall, and the wave height is less than 0.5 m. Also, confirm that both the roll angle and pitch angle of the floating vessel are maintained at 0.2°, and the tilt angle and trim angle of the floating vessel are maintained at 0.3°. This is the method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of the offshore wind turbine using the floating vessel according to claim 1.

7. During the process of lifting the nacelle to a predetermined distance above the tower, it is necessary to stop the crane twice for observation. The first stop for observation is carried out after the nacelle is lifted by the crane, and the second stop for observation is carried out after the nacelle is lifted and rotated above the tower. In the above two stops for observation, it is observed whether the actual swing of the nacelle at the observation position after lifting is smaller than the preset safe lifting control swing γ, and whether the pitching is less than 100 mm. Also, the time for the two stops for observation is between 2 minutes and 10 minutes. The method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship according to claim 1, characterized in that.

8. Before the nacelle is lifted by the crane, two guy lines are attached to the nacelle flange. Each guy line includes a main guy line and a sub-guy line. The main guy line is wound or rewound by the warping end of the winch of the floating ship, and the spare guy line is manually operated for guy line control. The method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship according to claim 1, characterized in that.

9. The spreader includes a hanger hook unit and a hoisting beam. The hanger hook unit is connected to the main lifting jib of the crane. The hoisting beam is suspended from the hanger hook unit via an upper sling. The nacelle is lifted below the hoisting beam via rigging. One guy line is connected to each end of the hoisting beam. One side of the guy line is wound around the pulley of the main lifting jib of the crane. After the docking operation between the nacelle and the tower is completed and before the spreader is removed, it is confirmed that the wind speed at the construction site will not exceed 8 meters per second in the next hour, the cradle angle of the crane within 30 minutes before the spreader is removed does not exceed 0.2 degrees, and the swing of the spreader does not exceed 0.4 meters. The method for lifting and docking the nacelle during the installation of an offshore wind turbine using a floating ship according to claim 1, characterized in that.

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