Display device

Abstract

To provide a novel display device with excellent convenience, usefulness, or reliability.SOLUTION: A display device includes a light guide plate, a display panel, and an intermediate layer. The light guide plate has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface has a function of being irradiated with light and the second surface has a function of distributing light. The second surface is in contact with the intermediate layer, and the second surface has a first refractive index N1 in a region in contact with the intermediate layer. The display panel faces the second surface, the display panel is in contact with the intermediate layer, and the display panel has a function of scattering the distributed light. The intermediate layer includes a region held between the second surface and the display panel. The intermediate layer has a second refractive index N2 in a region in contact with the second surface. The second refractive index N2 is smaller than the first refractive index N1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to a display device, an information processing device, or a semiconductor device.

[0002] Note that one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. The technical field of one aspect of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an article, a method, or a manufacturing method. Or, one aspect of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition of matter. Therefore, more specifically, as the technical field of one aspect of the present invention disclosed in this specification, a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a storage device, a driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof can be cited as an example. Note that a system having the above information processing device (also referred to as an information processing system) is also included in one aspect of the present invention.

Background Art

[0003] There is known a display device including a first substrate having light transmissivity, a second substrate having light transmissivity and facing the first substrate, a light modulation layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a light source unit that illuminates the light modulation layer from the outside at a position facing a display region for displaying an image in a normal direction, first to third color filters disposed on the first substrate and having different colors of red, green, or blue from each other, and first to third electrodes facing the first to third color filters, respectively, wherein the light modulation layer can modulate the light scattering property of a region facing each of the first to third color filters in accordance with an electric field generated by each of the first to third electrodes (Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Document

Patent Document

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] One aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability. Or, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel information processing device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability. Or, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel display device, a novel information processing device, or a novel semiconductor device.

[0006] Note that the description of these problems does not prevent the existence of other problems. Note that one aspect of the present invention does not necessarily need to solve all of these problems. Note that other problems will be apparent from the descriptions in the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and it is possible to extract these other problems from the descriptions in the specification, drawings, claims, etc.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] (1) One aspect of the present invention is a display device including a light guide plate, a display panel, and an intermediate layer.

[0008] The light guide plate includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is irradiated with light. The second surface has a function of distributing light, the second surface is in contact with the intermediate layer, and the second surface has a first refractive index in a region in contact with the intermediate layer.

[0009] The display panel faces the second surface, the display panel is in contact with the intermediate layer, and the display panel has a function of scattering the distributed light.

[0010] The intermediate layer includes a region sandwiched between the second surface and the display panel, and the intermediate layer has a second refractive index in a region in contact with the second surface. The second refractive index is smaller than the first refractive index.

[0011] (2) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above display device in which the display panel includes a display area.

[0012] The light guide plate has a third surface. The third surface has an inclination φ with respect to the second surface in a region overlapping with the display area. The inclination φ is 2° or less in a cross section including the thickness direction of the light guide plate.

[0013] Thereby, the distribution of the light distributed by the second surface can be made closer to uniform. Or, the light can be effectively utilized. Or, the light with a distribution closer to uniform can be distributed to the display panel. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0014] (3) Further, one aspect of the present invention is a display device having a light guide plate and a display panel.

[0015] The light guide plate has a first surface and a second surface, and the first surface is irradiated with light.

[0016] The light irradiating the first surface has a first intensity distribution in a cross section including the thickness direction of the light guide plate. Also, in a cross section orthogonal to the thickness direction, it has a second intensity distribution, and the second intensity distribution is wider than the first intensity distribution.

[0017] The second surface is included in a plane intersecting the plane including the first surface, and the second surface has a function of distributing light.

[0018] The display panel faces the second surface, and the display panel has a function of scattering the distributed light.

[0019] Thereby, the light leaking from the light guide plate can be reduced. Or, the light can be effectively utilized. Or, the light with a uniform distribution can be distributed to the display panel. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0020] (4) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the light guide plate has a third surface.

[0021] The third surface faces the second surface, and the third surface has a critical angle θ.

[0022] The first intensity distribution is a distribution that includes 90% or more of the whole within a range of (-90° + θ) or more and (90° - θ) or less, centered on the intersection line of the plane orthogonal to the thickness direction in the plane including the thickness direction.

[0023] Thereby, light with an incident angle equal to or less than the critical angle θ can be reduced. Or, light that is less likely to be totally reflected by the light guide plate can be reduced. Or, light that is less likely to reach the second surface can be reduced. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0024] (5) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device including a light source and an optical element.

[0025] The optical element has a function of adjusting the intensity distribution of the light emitted from the light source to the above-described intensity distribution of the light.

[0026] (6) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the optical element includes a first lens.

[0027] The first lens has a curved surface. The curved surface has a first radius of curvature in a plane including the thickness direction and a second radius of curvature in a plane including the width direction intersecting the thickness direction.

[0028] Also, the second radius of curvature is larger than the first radius of curvature.

[0029] Thereby, the second intensity distribution can be made wider than the first intensity distribution. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0030] (7) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the optical element includes a second lens.

[0031] The second lens has a third radius of curvature in a plane including the thickness direction, and the third radius of curvature is different from the first radius of curvature.

[0032] Further, the second lens has a fourth radius of curvature in a plane including the width direction, and the fourth radius of curvature is larger than the third radius of curvature.

[0033] Thereby, light having different first intensity distributions can be supplied to the light guide plate. Alternatively, using a plurality of lights having different first intensity distributions, the distribution of the light supplied to the display panel can be controlled. Alternatively, the degree of freedom in controlling the distribution of the light supplied to the display panel can be increased. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0034] (8) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the optical element includes a prism. Further, the prism has an inclined surface extending in the width direction.

[0035] Thereby, the component of the light traveling in the direction orthogonal to the plane including the thickness direction and the width direction can be relatively increased. Alternatively, the amount of light supplied to the display panel can be increased. Alternatively, the display can be brightened. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0036] (9) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the light guide plate has a fourth surface.

[0037] The fourth surface faces the first surface, and the fourth surface includes a reflective film. Further, the reflective film has a function of reflecting the above-described light.

[0038] Thereby, the light leaking from the fourth surface can be reduced. Alternatively, the light reaching the fourth surface can be returned to the light guide plate again. Alternatively, the distribution of the light supplied to the display panel can be made closer to uniform. Alternatively, the display can be brightened. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0039] (10) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the display panel includes a display area, and the display area includes a first scanning line, a second scanning line, a first signal line, a second signal line, and pixels.

[0040] The pixel includes a display element and a pixel circuit, and the display element is electrically connected to the pixel circuit.

[0041] The pixel circuit is electrically connected to the first scanning line, the second scanning line, the first signal line, and the second signal line.

[0042] The pixel circuit includes a first switch, a second switch, a first capacitor element, a second capacitor element, a node, and a conductive film.

[0043] The first switch includes a first terminal to which a first signal is supplied, and the first switch includes a second terminal that is electrically connected to the node.

[0044] Also, the first capacitor element includes a first electrode that is electrically connected to the node, and the first capacitor element includes a second electrode that is electrically connected to the conductive film.

[0045] The second switch includes a first terminal to which a second signal is supplied, and the second switch includes a second terminal that is electrically connected to the first electrode of the second capacitor element.

[0046] The second capacitor element includes a second electrode that is electrically connected to the node.

[0047] (11) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the display area includes a group of pixels and another group of pixels.

[0048] A group of pixels is arranged in the row direction, and the group of pixels includes pixels.

[0049] Another group of pixels is arranged in the column direction intersecting the row direction, and the other group of pixels includes pixels.

[0050] The first scanning line is electrically connected to a group of pixels, and the second scanning line is electrically connected to a group of pixels.

[0051] The first signal line is electrically connected to another group of pixels, and the second signal line is electrically connected to another group of pixels.

[0052] Thereby, image information can be supplied to a plurality of pixels. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0053] (12) Further, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described display device in which the display element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a layer containing a liquid crystal material, a first alignment film, and a second alignment film.

[0054] The first alignment film includes a region sandwiched between the first electrode and the layer containing the liquid crystal material, and the second alignment film includes a region sandwiched between the second electrode and the layer containing the liquid crystal material.

[0055] The second electrode is disposed so as to form an electric field across the layer containing the liquid crystal material between the second electrode and the first electrode.

[0056] The layer containing the liquid crystal material scatters incident light with a first scattering intensity when the electric field is in a first state, and the layer containing the liquid crystal material scatters incident light with a second scattering intensity when the electric field is in a second state greater than the first state. Note that the second scattering intensity is 10 times or more the first scattering intensity.

[0057] The layer containing the liquid crystal material includes a liquid crystal material and a polymer material, and the layer containing the liquid crystal material is stabilized with the polymer material. Note that the polymer material is a copolymer of a polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer.

[0058] Thereby, at a second electric field strength greater than the first electric field strength, incident light can be scattered more strongly. Or, the power consumed in a state where incident light is easily transmitted can be reduced. As a result, a novel liquid crystal element excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0059] (13) Further, one aspect of the present invention includes a keyboard, a hardware button, a pointing device, a touch sensor, an illuminance sensor, an imaging device, a voice input device, a gaze input device, a posture detection device, and the above display device. It is an information processing device.

[0060] Accordingly, based on the information supplied using various input devices, the arithmetic unit can generate image information or control information. As a result, a novel information processing device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0061] In the drawings attached to this specification, the components are classified by function and a block diagram is shown as mutually independent blocks, but in actuality, it is difficult to completely separate the components by function, and one component may be related to multiple functions.

[0062] In this specification, the source and drain of a transistor are interchanged in their naming depending on the polarity of the transistor and the level of the potential applied to each terminal. Generally, in an n-channel type transistor, the terminal to which a low potential is applied is called the source, and the terminal to which a high potential is applied is called the drain. Also, in a p-channel type transistor, the terminal to which a low potential is applied is called the drain, and the terminal to which a high potential is applied is called the source. In this specification, for the sake of convenience, when explaining the connection relationship of a transistor, it may be assumed that the source and drain are fixed, but in actuality, the naming of the source and drain is interchanged according to the above potential relationship.

[0063] In this specification, the source of a transistor means a source region that is a part of a semiconductor film functioning as an active layer, or a source electrode connected to the above semiconductor film. Similarly, the drain of a transistor means a drain region that is a part of the above semiconductor film, or a drain electrode connected to the above semiconductor film. Also, the gate means a gate electrode.

[0064] In this specification, the state where transistors are connected in series means, for example, a state where only one of the source or drain of the first transistor is connected to only one of the source or drain of the second transistor. Also, the state where transistors are connected in parallel means a state where one of the source or drain of the first transistor is connected to one of the source or drain of the second transistor, and the other of the source or drain of the first transistor is connected to the other of the source or drain of the second transistor.

[0065] In this specification, "connection" means electrical connection, corresponding to a state where current, voltage, or potential can be supplied or transmitted. Therefore, the state of being connected does not necessarily refer to the state of direct connection. The state of being indirectly connected through circuit elements such as wiring, resistors, diodes, and transistors so that current, voltage, or potential can be supplied or transmitted is also included in this category.

[0066] Also, in this specification, even if components that are independent on the circuit diagram are connected, in reality, for example, when a part of the wiring functions as an electrode, there may be a case where one conductive film has the functions of a plurality of components. In this specification, "connection" includes such a case where one conductive film has the functions of a plurality of components within its scope.

[0067] Also, in this specification, one of the first electrode or the second electrode of the transistor refers to the source electrode, and the other refers to the drain electrode.

Advantages of the Invention

[0068] According to one aspect of the present invention, a novel information processing apparatus excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided. Or, a novel information processing apparatus can be provided.

[0069] Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. Note that one aspect of the present invention does not necessarily have all of these effects. Note that other effects will become apparent from the descriptions in the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and it is possible to extract these other effects from the descriptions in the specification, drawings, claims, etc.

Brief Description of the Drawings

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Embodiment for Carrying Out the Invention

[0071] A display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a light guide plate and a display panel. The light guide plate includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is irradiated with light, and the light has a first intensity distribution in a cross section including the thickness direction of the light guide plate and a second intensity distribution in a cross section orthogonal to the thickness direction. The second intensity distribution is wider than the first intensity distribution. Further, the second surface is included in a plane intersecting with the plane including the first surface, and the second surface has a function of distributing light. Further, the display panel faces the second surface, and the display panel has a function of scattering the distributed light.

[0072] This can reduce the light leaking from the light guide plate. Or, the light can be effectively utilized. Or, the light with a uniform distribution can be distributed to the display panel. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0073] The embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the form and details can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments shown below. In the configuration of the invention described below, the same reference numerals are commonly used among different drawings for the same part or parts having the same or similar functions, and the repeated description thereof is omitted.

[0074] (Embodiment 1) In the present embodiment, the configuration of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

[0075] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the cutting plane D1-D3 of FIG. 1A. FIG. 1C is a diagram for explaining a part of FIG. 1B.

[0076] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a light distribution curve schematically explaining the intensity distribution of light irradiated on the light guide plate 50 of the display device in one plane, and FIG. 2B is a light distribution curve schematically explaining the intensity distribution in another plane different from FIG. 2A. FIG. 2C is a diagram explaining the intensity distribution of the light shown in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B using the radiation angle dependence, and FIG. 2D is a diagram explaining the intensity distribution of the light having the radiation angle dependence shown in FIG. 2C that reaches the second surface 52 of the light guide plate 50.

[0077] FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a light source 10 and an optical element 20 of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the cut surface D1-D3 of FIG. 3A. FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view for explaining a part of FIG. 3B. FIG. 3D is a cross-sectional view taken along the cut surface D2-D3 of FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3E is a cross-sectional view taken along a cut surface D2-D3 different from that of FIG. 3D.

[0078] <Configuration Example 1 of Display Device.> A display device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a light guide plate 50, a display panel 700, and an intermediate layer 60 (see FIGS. 1A and 1B). Further, a light source 10 and an optical element 20 are provided.

[0079] 《Configuration Example 1 of Light Guide Plate 50.》 The light guide plate 50 includes a surface 51 and a surface 52, and the surface 51 is irradiated with light.

[0080] The surface 52 has a function of distributing light. Further, the surface 52 is in contact with the intermediate layer 60, and the surface 52 has a refractive index N1 in the region in contact with the intermediate layer 60.

[0081] 《Configuration Example 1 of Display Panel 700.》 The display panel 700 faces the surface 52 and is in contact with the intermediate layer 60. Further, the display panel 700 has a function of scattering the distributed light.

[0082] 《Configuration Example 1 of Intermediate Layer 60.》 The intermediate layer 60 includes a region sandwiched between the surface 52 and the display panel 700.

[0083] The intermediate layer 60 has a refractive index N2 in the region in contact with the surface 52, and the refractive index N2 is smaller than the refractive index N1.

[0084] 《Configuration Example 2 of Display Panel 700.》 The display panel 700 includes a display area.

[0085] 《Configuration Example 2 of Light Guide Plate 50.》 The light guide plate 50 includes a surface 53. The surface 53 has an inclination φ with respect to the surface 52 in a region overlapping with the display region 231. Note that the inclination φ is 2° or less in a cross section including the thickness direction of the light guide plate 50. Note that the inclination φ provided on the surface 53 may be constant or may vary. Further, the surface 53 may partially include a region where the inclination φ is zero. Further, the inclination φ is preferably a negative inclination with respect to the traveling direction of the light emitted from the light source 10 (see FIG. 1C). In other words, it is preferable that the cross-sectional shape in the cut surfaces D1 - D3 of the light guide plate 50 is tapered.

[0086] Thereby, the distribution of the light distributed by the second surface 52 can be made closer to uniform. Or, the light distributed by the second surface 52 can be effectively used. Or, the light with a distribution closer to uniform can be distributed to the display panel 700. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0087] <Configuration Example 2 of the Display Device.> The display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a light guide plate 50 and a display panel 700 (see FIGS. 1A and 1B).

[0088] <<Configuration Example 3 of the Light Guide Plate 50.>> The light guide plate 50 includes a surface 51 and a surface 52.

[0089] The surface 51 is irradiated with light. In a cross section including the thickness direction D1 of the light guide plate 50 (for example, the D1 - D3 plane), the light has an intensity distribution ID(1) (see FIG. 2A). Further, in a cross section orthogonal to the thickness direction D1 (for example, the D2 - D3 plane), the light has an intensity distribution ID(2) (see FIG. 2B). Further, the intensity distribution ID(2) is wider than the intensity distribution ID(1).

[0090] Further, the surface 52 is included in a plane intersecting the plane including the surface 51, and the surface 52 has a function of distributing light.

[0091] <<Configuration Example 3 of the Display Panel 700.>> The display panel 700 faces the surface 52, and the display panel 700 has a function of scattering the light distributed from the surface 52.

[0092] Thereby, the light leaking from the light guide plate 50 can be reduced. Or, the light can be effectively utilized. Or, the light with a uniform distribution can be distributed to the display panel 700. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness or reliability can be provided.

[0093] <<Configuration Example 4 of the Light Guide Plate 50.>> The light guide plate 50 has a surface 53, and the surface 53 faces the surface 52. Further, the surface 53 has a critical angle θ (see FIG. 1B).

[0094] The intensity distribution ID(1) is a distribution including 90% or more of the whole in the range of (-90° + θ) or more and (90° - θ) or less around the intersection line AX of the plane orthogonal to the thickness direction D1 (for example, the D2-D3 plane) in the plane including the thickness direction D1 (for example, the D1-D3 plane) (see FIGS. 1A, 2A and 2C).

[0095] For example, the light hν(1) having the intensity distribution ID(1) has stronger directivity than the light hν(2) having the intensity distribution ID(2) (see FIG. 2C). Compared with the light hν(2) having the intensity distribution ID(2), the light hν(1) having the intensity distribution ID(1) reaches far from the surface 51 toward the surface 54 (see FIG. 2D). Or, the light can be distributed over a wide range of the surface 52. Or, the light can be distributed to the surface 52 relatively evenly.

[0096] Thereby, the light at or below the critical angle θ can be reduced. Or, the light that is difficult for the light guide plate 50 to totally reflect can be reduced. Or, the light that is difficult to reach the surface 52 can be reduced. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness or reliability can be provided.

[0097] <<Configuration Example 3 of the Display Device.>> The display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a light source 10 and an optical element 20 (see FIGS. 1A and 3A). The light source 10 includes a light emitting element 11. For example, a light emitting diode or the like can be used as the light emitting element 11.

[0098] <<Configuration Example 1 of Optical Element 20.>> The optical element 20 has a function of adjusting the intensity distribution of the light emitted from the light source 10 to a predetermined light intensity distribution.

[0099] For example, the optical element 20 includes a lens 22(g) (see FIGS. 3A and 3B). For example, a microlens having a diameter of 1 mm or less can be used as the lens 22(g). Alternatively, a linear Fresnel lens, a cylindrical lens, or a lenticular lens can be used as the lens 22(g). Alternatively, a lens array in which a plurality of lenses are arranged regularly or irregularly can be used as the optical element 20.

[0100] The lens 22(g) has a curved surface. The curved surface has a radius of curvature R(1) in a plane including the thickness direction D1 (for example, the D1-D3 plane) (see FIG. 3C).

[0101] Also, the curved surface of the lens 22(g) has a radius of curvature R(2) in a plane including the width direction D2 that intersects the thickness direction D1 (for example, the D2-D3 plane) (see FIG. 3D). The radius of curvature R(2) is larger than the radius of curvature R(1) (see FIGS. 3C and 3D).

[0102] Thereby, the intensity distribution ID(2) can be made wider than the intensity distribution ID(1). As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0103] <<Configuration Example 2 of Optical Element 20.>> The optical element 20 includes a lens 22(g+1) (see FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C).

[0104] Lens 22(g + 1) has a curved surface. The curved surface has a radius of curvature R(3) in a plane including the thickness direction D1 (for example, the D1 - D3 plane). Note that the radius of curvature R(3) is different from the radius of curvature R(1). For example, lenses with different focal lengths can be used for the optical element 20. Specifically, lenses that distribute light to regions far from surface 51, lenses that distribute light to nearby regions, or lenses that distribute light to regions in between can be used in combination.

[0105] Also, the curved surface of lens 22(g + 1) has a radius of curvature R(4) in a plane including the width direction D2 (for example, the D2 - D3 plane), and the radius of curvature R(4) is larger than the radius of curvature R(3) (see FIGS. 3C and 3E).

[0106] Thereby, light with different intensity distributions ID(1) can be supplied to the light guide plate 50. Or, using a plurality of lights with different intensity distributions ID(1), the distribution of the light supplied to the display panel 700 can be controlled. Or, the degree of freedom in controlling the distribution of the light supplied to the display panel 700 can be increased. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0107] 《Configuration Example 3 of Optical Element 20.》 The optical element 20 includes a prism 21, and the prism 21 has an inclined surface extending in the width direction D2 (see FIGS. 3A and 3B). For example, a prism sheet can be used for the prism 21.

[0108] Thereby, the component of the light traveling in the direction orthogonal to the plane including the thickness direction D1 and the width direction D2 can be relatively increased. The amount of light supplied to the display panel 700 can be increased. Or, the display can be brightened. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0109] 《Configuration Example 3 of Light Guide Plate.》 The light guide plate 50 has a surface 54. The surface 54 faces the surface 51, and the surface 54 has a reflective film 54R (see FIGS. 1A and 1B).

[0110] The reflective film 54R has a function of reflecting light. Note that the optical element 20 and the light source 10 may be separately arranged on the surface 54 to supply light from two directions. Alternatively, light may be supplied from a surface other than the surfaces 52 and 53.

[0111] Thereby, the light leaking from the surface 54 can be reduced. Alternatively, the light reaching the surface 54 can be returned to the light guide plate 50 again. Alternatively, the distribution of the light supplied to the display panel 700 can be made closer to uniform. Alternatively, the display can be brightened. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0112] Note that this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown in this specification.

[0113] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the configuration of a display panel that can be used for a display device according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7.

[0114] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display panel that can be used for a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a top view of the display panel that can be used for a display device according to an aspect of the present invention, and FIG. 4B is a part of FIG. 4A.

[0115] FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display panel that can be used for a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view taken along the cutting lines X1-X2, X3-X4, X9-X10, and at the pixel in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram for explaining the configuration of the pixel circuit 530(i,j).

[0116] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display element and a pixel circuit that can be used for a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display panel that can be used for a display device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0117] In this specification, variables taking values of one or more integers may be used as signs. For example, (p) including a variable p taking a value of one or more integers may be used as part of a sign for specifying any one of up to p components. Also, for example, (m,n) including a variable m and a variable n taking values of one or more integers may be used as part of a sign for specifying any one of up to m×n components.

[0118] <Configuration Example 1 of Display Panel.> The display panel 700 described in this embodiment has a display area 231 (see FIG. 7). Note that a driving circuit GD can be used for the display panel.

[0119] 《Configuration Example 1 of Display Area 231.》 The display area 231 includes scanning lines G1(i), scanning lines G2(i), signal lines S1(j), signal lines S2(j), and pixels 702(i,j).

[0120] 《Configuration Example 1 of Pixel 702(i,j).》 The pixel 702(i,j) includes a display element 750(i,j) and a pixel circuit 530(i,j) (see FIG. 5A).

[0121] 《Configuration Example of Display Element 750(i,j)》 The display element 750(i,j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530(i,j) (see FIGS. 5A and 5B).

[0122] For example, an element that controls light reflection, light transmission, or light emission can be used as the display element. Specifically, an electro-optical element or a light-emitting element can be used as the display element.

[0123] 《Configuration Example 1 of Pixel Circuit 530(i,j).》 The pixel circuit 530(i,j) is electrically connected to the scanning lines G1(i), scanning lines G2(i), signal lines S1(j), and signal lines S2(j) (see FIG. 5B).

[0124] As a result, the first selection signal can be supplied to the first scanning line G1(i). Or, the second selection signal can be supplied to the second scanning line G2(i). Or, the pixel 702(i,j) can be driven using the first selection signal or the second selection signal. As a result, a novel display panel excellent in convenience, utility, or reliability can be provided.

[0125] For example, a switch, a transistor, a diode, a resistive element, an inductor, a capacitive element, etc. can be used for the pixel circuit 530(i,j). Specifically, a transistor can be used as the switch.

[0126] For example, when a plurality of transistors are used for the pixel circuit, in the step of forming the semiconductor film of one transistor, the semiconductor film of another transistor can be formed.

[0127] 《Configuration Example 2 of Pixel 702(i,j).》 For the pixel 702(i,j), a liquid crystal element can be used for the display element 750(i,j).

[0128] 《Configuration Example 2 of Pixel Circuit 530(i,j).》 The pixel circuit 530(i,j) includes a capacitive element C11, a switch SW11, and a node N1(i,j) (see FIG. 5B). Note that the display panel 700 includes a conductive film VCOM1. Also, the display element 750(i,j) is electrically connected to the conductive film VCOM1.

[0129] The switch SW11 includes a first terminal electrically connected to the signal line S2(j), and a second terminal electrically connected to the first electrode of the display element 750(i,j). Note that the switch SW11 has a function of switching between a conductive state and a non-conductive state based on a selection signal.

[0130] The capacitive element C11 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the second terminal of the switch SW11, and a second electrode electrically connected to the conductive film CSCOM.

[0131] The display element 750(i,j) performs display based on the potential VN of the node N1(i,j).

[0132] 《Configuration Example 3 of Pixel Circuit 530(i,j).》 The pixel circuit 530(i,j) includes a capacitive element C11, a capacitive element C12, a switch SW11, a switch SW12, and a node N1(i,j).

[0133] The switch SW11 includes a first terminal electrically connected to the signal line S2(j), and a second terminal electrically connected to the first electrode of the display element 750(i,j). Note that the switch SW11 has a function of switching between a conductive state and a non-conductive state based on a second selection signal.

[0134] The capacitive element C11 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the second terminal of the switch SW11, and a second electrode electrically connected to the conductive film CSCOM.

[0135] The switch SW12 includes a first terminal electrically connected to the signal line S1(j). Note that the switch SW12 has a function of switching between a conductive state and a non-conductive state based on a first selection signal.

[0136] The capacitive element C12 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the second terminal of the switch SW12, and a second electrode electrically connected to the second terminal of the switch SW11.

[0137] The display element 750(i,j) performs display based on the potential VN of the node N1(i,j).

[0138] Note that when the switch SW11 is in a non-conductive state, the switch SW12 can be changed from a non-conductive state to a conductive state. Also, when the switch SW11 is in a non-conductive state, the switch SW12 can be changed from a conductive state to a non-conductive state.

[0139] [First Step] In the first step, switches SW11 and SW12 are turned on. For example, a first selection signal is supplied to scanning line G1(i), and a second selection signal is supplied to scanning line G2(i).

[0140] Also, an image signal is supplied to capacitor element C12. For example, the image signal is supplied using the potential difference between the potential supplied by signal line S1(j) and the potential supplied by signal line S2(j).

[0141] [Second step] In the second step, while keeping switch SW11 in the non-conductive state, switch SW12 is turned on. For example, a batch selection signal is supplied to scanning line G1(i).

[0142] Also, a predetermined potential is supplied to signal line S1(i), and the potential of node N1(i,j) is offset via capacitor element C12.

[0143] [Third step] In the third step, while keeping switches SW11 and SW12 in the non-conductive state, based on the potential of node N1(i,j), display is performed using display element 750(i,j).

[0144] Thereby, the potential of node N1(i,j) can be controlled using switches SW11 and SW12. Or, the potential of node N1(i,j) can be controlled using switch SW11, and the potential of node N1(i,j) can be changed using switch SW12. Or, the changing potential can be supplied to display element 750(i,j). Or, display can be performed based on the changing potential. Or, the display of display element 750(i,j) can be changed. Or, the operation of display element 750(i,j) can be emphasized. Or, the response of display element 750(i,j) can be accelerated. As a result, a novel display panel excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0145] Alternatively, a high voltage can be supplied to the display element 750(i,j) thereby. Alternatively, a large electric field can be applied to a layer 753 (described later) containing a liquid crystal material of the display element 750(i,j). Alternatively, the alignment of a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal material can be controlled. As a result, a novel input / output device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0146] 《Configuration Example 3 of Pixel 702(i,j).》 For the pixel 702(i,j), a light-emitting element can be used for the display element 750(i,j) (see FIG. 6). For example, an organic EL element can be used for the display element 750. Note that the display panel 700 includes a conductive film VCOM2. Further, the display element 750(i,j) is electrically connected to the conductive film VCOM2.

[0147] 《Configuration Example 4 of Pixel Circuit 530(i,j).》 The pixel circuit 530(i,j) includes a transistor M, a capacitor element C21, a switch SW21, a node N1(i,j), a capacitor element C22, and a switch SW22 (see FIG. 6). Further, the pixel circuit 530(i,j) includes a node N2(i,j), a switch SW23, and a switch SW24.

[0148] The transistor M includes a first electrode electrically connected to the conductive film ANO.

[0149] The capacitor element C21 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor M and a second electrode electrically connected to the second electrode of the transistor M.

[0150] The switch SW21 includes a first terminal electrically connected to the signal line S2(j) and a second terminal electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor M. Note that the switch SW21 has a function of switching between a conductive state and a non-conductive state based on a second selection signal.

[0151] The capacitor element C22 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor M.

[0152] Switch SW22 includes a first terminal electrically connected to the signal line S1(j) and a second terminal electrically connected to the second electrode of the capacitor element C22. Note that switch SW22 has a function of switching between a conductive state and a non-conductive state based on a first selection signal.

[0153] Switch SW23 includes a first terminal electrically connected to the second electrode of the transistor M and a second terminal electrically connected to the conductive film V0. Note that switch SW23 has a function of switching between a conductive state and a non-conductive state based on a first selection signal.

[0154] Switch SW24 includes a first terminal electrically connected to the second electrode of the transistor M and a second terminal electrically connected to the display element 750(i,j). Note that switch SW24 has a function of switching between a conductive state and a non-conductive state based on a third selection signal. Note that the display panel 700 includes a scanning line G3(i). Also, the pixel circuit 530(i,j) is electrically connected to the scanning line G3(i).

[0155] Note that when switch SW21 is in a non-conductive state, switch SW22 can be changed from a non-conductive state to a conductive state. Also, when switch SW21 is in a non-conductive state, switch SW22 can be changed from a conductive state to a non-conductive state.

[0156] The display element 750(i,j) performs display based on the potential VN of the node N1(i,j).

[0157] Accordingly, the potential of node N1(i,j) can be controlled using switch SW21 and switch SW22. Alternatively, the potential of node N1(i,j) can be controlled using switch SW21, and the potential of node N1(i,j) can be changed using switch SW22. Alternatively, the changing potential can be supplied to display element 750(i,j). Alternatively, display can be performed based on the changing potential. Alternatively, the display of display element 750(i,j) can be changed. Alternatively, the operation of display element 750(i,j) can be emphasized. Alternatively, the response of display element 750(i,j) can be accelerated. As a result, a novel display panel excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0158] 《Configuration Example 2 of Display Region 231.》 The display region 231 includes a group of pixels 702(i,1) to pixels 702(i,n) and another group of pixels 702(1,j) to pixels 702(m,j) (see FIG. 7).

[0159] Although not shown, the display region 231 has a conductive film CSCOM and a conductive film VCOM1.

[0160] A group of pixels 702(i,1) to pixels 702(i,n) are arranged in the row direction (the direction indicated by arrow R1 in the figure), and a group of pixels 702(i,1) to pixels 702(i,n) includes pixel 702(i,j).

[0161] Another group of pixels 702(1,j) to pixels 702(m,j) are arranged in the column direction (the direction indicated by arrow C1 in the figure) intersecting the row direction, and another group of pixels 702(1,j) to pixels 702(m,j) includes pixel 702(i,j).

[0162] The scanning line G1(i) is electrically connected to a group of pixels 702(i,1) to pixels 702(i,n), and the scanning line G2(i) is electrically connected to a group of pixels 702(i,1) to pixels 702(i,n).

[0163] The signal line S1(j) is electrically connected to another group of pixels 702(1,j) to 702(m,j), and the signal line S2(j) is electrically connected to another group of pixels 702(1,j) to 702(m,j).

[0164] Thereby, image information can be supplied to a plurality of pixels simultaneously. As a result, a novel display panel excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0165] 《Drive circuits GDA, drive circuit GDB》 The drive circuit GDA and the drive circuit GDB can be used as the drive circuit GD. For example, the drive circuit GDA and the drive circuit GDB have a function of supplying a selection signal based on the control signal SP.

[0166] Specifically, based on the control signal SP, it has a function of supplying a selection signal to one scanning line at a frequency of 30 Hz or more, preferably 60 Hz or more. Thereby, a moving image can be smoothly displayed.

[0167] Alternatively, based on the control signal SP, it has a function of supplying a selection signal to one scanning line at a frequency of less than 30 Hz, preferably less than 1 Hz, more preferably less than once per minute. Thereby, a still image with suppressed flicker can be displayed.

[0168] When a plurality of drive circuits are provided, for example, the frequency at which the drive circuit GDA supplies the selection signal and the frequency at which the drive circuit GDB supplies the selection signal can be made different. Specifically, the selection signal can be supplied to another area where a moving image is displayed at a frequency higher than the frequency at which the selection signal is supplied to one area where a still image is displayed. Thereby, a still image with suppressed flicker can be displayed in one area, and a smooth moving image can be displayed in another area.

[0169] Incidentally, the frame frequency can be made variable. Alternatively, for example, display can be performed at a frame frequency of 1 Hz or higher and 120 Hz or lower. Alternatively, display can be performed at a frame frequency of 120 Hz using the progressive method.

[0170] 《Drive Circuit SD》 The drive circuit SD has a function of generating an image signal based on the information V11 and a function of supplying the image signal to a pixel circuit electrically connected to one display element (see FIG. 7).

[0171] For example, various sequential circuits such as a shift register can be used for the drive circuit SD.

[0172] For example, an integrated circuit formed on a silicon substrate can be used for the drive circuit SD.

[0173] For example, the integrated circuit can be connected to the terminals using the COG (Chip on glass) method or the COF (Chip on film) method. Specifically, the integrated circuit can be connected to the terminals using an anisotropic conductive film.

[0174] Note that this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown in this specification.

[0175] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, the configuration of a pixel that can be used in a display device according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9.

[0176] FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display panel that can be used in a display device according to one aspect of the present invention. FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of the pixel 702(i,j) taken along the cutting line Y1 - Y2 in FIG. 4B, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view for explaining a part of FIG. 8A.

[0177] FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display panel that can be used in a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting lines X1-X2 and X3-X4 in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view for explaining a part (transistor MG1) of FIG. 9A.

[0178] <Configuration Example 1 of Display Panel 700.> The display panel described in this embodiment has a functional layer 520 (see FIG. 5A).

[0179] 《Functional Layer 520》 The functional layer 520 includes a drive circuit GD and a pixel circuit 530(i,j) described in Embodiment 2. Note that the functional layer 520 has an opening 591A, and the pixel circuit 530(i,j) is electrically connected to the display element 750(i,j) at the opening 591A.

[0180] Thereby, in the step of forming the semiconductor film used for the transistors of the pixel circuit 530(i,j), the semiconductor film used for the transistors of the drive circuit GD can be formed. Or, the number of components can be reduced. As a result, a novel display panel excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0181] 《Configuration Example of Transistor》 For example, a bottom-gate type transistor or a top-gate type transistor can be used for the drive circuit GD and the pixel circuit 530(i,j) (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

[0182] The transistor used for the switch SW11 includes a semiconductor film 508, a conductive film 504, a conductive film 512A, and a conductive film 512B (see FIG. 8B).

[0183] The semiconductor film 508 includes a region 508A electrically connected to the conductive film 512A and a region 508B electrically connected to the conductive film 512B. The semiconductor film 508 includes a region 508C between the region 508A and the region 508B.

[0184] The conductive film 504 has a region overlapping with the region 508C, and the conductive film 504 functions as a gate electrode.

[0185] The insulating film 506 has a region sandwiched between the semiconductor film 508 and the conductive film 504. The insulating film 506 functions as a gate insulating film.

[0186] The conductive film 512A has one of the functions of a source electrode or a drain electrode, and the conductive film 512B has the other of the functions of a source electrode or a drain electrode.

[0187] Also, the conductive film 524 can be used for the transistor. The conductive film 524 has a region sandwiching the semiconductor film 508 between it and the conductive film 504. The conductive film 524 functions as a second gate electrode. The conductive film 524 can be electrically connected to the conductive film 504, for example. Note that the conductive film 524 can be used for the scanning line G2(i).

[0188] In the step of forming the semiconductor film used for the transistor of the pixel circuit 530(i,j), the semiconductor film used for the transistor of the driving circuit GD can be formed.

[0189] 《Configuration Example 1 of the Semiconductor Film 508.》 For example, a semiconductor containing an element of Group 14 can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Specifically, a semiconductor containing silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508.

[0190] [Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon] For example, hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Or, microcrystalline silicon or the like can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Thereby, for example, a display panel with less display unevenness can be provided compared to a display panel using polysilicon for the semiconductor film 508. Or, it is easy to increase the size of the display panel.

[0191] [Polysilicon] For example, polysilicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Thereby, for example, the field-effect mobility of the transistor can be increased as compared with a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508. Or, for example, the driving ability can be enhanced as compared with a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508. Or, for example, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be improved as compared with a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508.

[0192] Or, for example, the reliability of the transistor can be increased as compared with a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508.

[0193] Or, the temperature required for manufacturing the transistor can be lowered as compared with a transistor using single-crystalline silicon, for example.

[0194] Or, the semiconductor film used for the transistor of the drive circuit can be formed in the same process as the semiconductor film used for the transistor of the pixel circuit. Or, the drive circuit can be formed on the same substrate as the substrate on which the pixel circuit is formed. Or, the number of components constituting the electronic device can be reduced.

[0195] [Single-crystalline silicon] For example, single-crystalline silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Thereby, for example, the definition can be increased as compared with a display panel using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508. Or, for example, a display panel with less display unevenness can be provided as compared with a display panel using polysilicon for the semiconductor film 508. Or, for example, a smart glass or a head-mounted display can be provided.

[0196] 《Configuration Example 2 of Semiconductor Film 508.》 For example, a metal oxide can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Thereby, the time during which the pixel circuit can hold an image signal can be made longer as compared with a pixel circuit using a transistor using amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film. Specifically, while suppressing the occurrence of flicker, a selection signal can be supplied at a frequency of less than 30 Hz, preferably less than 1 Hz, more preferably less than once per minute. As a result, the fatigue accumulated in the user of the display device can be reduced. Further, the power consumption associated with driving can be reduced.

[0197] For example, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor can be used. Specifically, an oxide semiconductor containing indium or an oxide semiconductor containing indium, gallium, and zinc can be used for the semiconductor film.

[0198] For example, a transistor in which the leakage current in the off state is smaller than that of a transistor using amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film can be used. Specifically, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor for the semiconductor film can be used.

[0199] For example, a film having a thickness of 25 nm containing indium, gallium, and zinc can be used for the semiconductor film 508.

[0200] For example, a conductive film in which a film having a thickness of 10 nm containing tantalum and nitrogen and a film having a thickness of 300 nm containing copper are laminated can be used for the conductive film 504. Note that the film containing copper has a region in which the film containing tantalum and nitrogen is sandwiched between the film and the insulating film 506.

[0201] For example, a laminated film in which a film having a thickness of 400 nm containing silicon and nitrogen and a film having a thickness of 200 nm containing silicon, oxygen, and nitrogen are laminated can be used for the insulating film 506. Note that the film containing silicon and nitrogen has a region in which the film containing silicon, oxygen, and nitrogen is sandwiched between the film and the semiconductor film 508.

[0202] For example, a conductive film formed by laminating a 50-nm-thick film containing tungsten, a 400-nm-thick film containing aluminum, and a 100-nm-thick film containing titanium in this order can be used as the conductive film 512A or the conductive film 512B. Note that the film containing tungsten has a region in contact with the semiconductor film 508.

[0203] Incidentally, for example, a manufacturing line for a bottom-gate type transistor using amorphous silicon as a semiconductor can be easily modified into a manufacturing line for a bottom-gate type transistor using an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor. Also, for example, a manufacturing line for a top-gate type transistor using polysilicon as a semiconductor can be easily modified into a manufacturing line for a top-gate type transistor using an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor. Any of these modifications can effectively utilize an existing manufacturing line.

[0204] As a result, blurring can be suppressed. Or, power consumption can be reduced. Or, a fast-moving video can be smoothly displayed. Or, a photograph or the like can be displayed with rich gradations. As a result, a novel display panel excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0205] 《Configuration Example 3 of Semiconductor Film 508.》 For example, a compound semiconductor can be used as the semiconductor of the transistor. Specifically, a semiconductor containing gallium arsenide can be used.

[0206] For example, an organic semiconductor can be used as the semiconductor of the transistor. Specifically, an organic semiconductor containing polyacenes or graphene can be used for the semiconductor film.

[0207] 《Configuration Example 1 of Capacitor Element.》 The capacitor element includes one conductive film, another conductive film, and an insulating film. The insulating film has a region sandwiched between the one conductive film and the another conductive film.

[0208] For example, the conductive film 504, the conductive film 512A, and the insulating film 506 can be used for the capacitive element.

[0209] The capacitive element C12 includes a conductive film 754(i,j), an electrode 751(i,j), and an insulating film 521B (see FIG. 8A).

[0210] 《Configuration Example 1 of the Functional Layer 520.》 In addition, the functional layer 520 includes an insulating film 521A, an insulating film 518, an insulating film 516, an insulating film 506, an insulating film 501C, etc. (see FIG. 8A).

[0211] The insulating film 521A includes a region sandwiched between the pixel circuit 530(i,j) and the display element 750(i,j). Note that the pixel circuit 530(i,j) includes, for example, a switch SW11.

[0212] The insulating film 518 includes a region sandwiched between the insulating film 521A and the insulating film 501C.

[0213] The insulating film 516 includes a region sandwiched between the insulating film 518 and the insulating film 501C.

[0214] The insulating film 506 includes a region sandwiched between the insulating film 516 and the insulating film 501C.

[0215] [Insulating Film 521] For example, an insulating inorganic material, an insulating organic material, or an insulating composite material including an inorganic material and an organic material can be used for the insulating film 521.

[0216] Specifically, an inorganic oxide film, an inorganic nitride film, an inorganic oxynitride film, etc., or a laminated material obtained by laminating a plurality selected from these can be used for the insulating film 521.

[0217] For example, a film containing a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, etc., or a laminated material formed by laminating a plurality of these can be used for the insulating film 521. Note that the silicon nitride film is a dense film and has an excellent function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities.

[0218] For example, a laminated material or a composite material of a plurality of resins such as polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polysiloxane, or acrylic resin, etc., selected from these can be used for the insulating film 521. Also, it may be formed using a photosensitive material. Thereby, the insulating film 521 can planarize steps derived from various structures overlapping the insulating film 521, for example.

[0219] Note that polyimide has excellent properties compared to other organic materials in terms of characteristics such as thermal stability, insulation, toughness, low dielectric constant, low thermal expansion coefficient, and chemical resistance. Thereby, polyimide can be particularly suitably used for the insulating film 521 etc.

[0220] For example, a film formed using a photosensitive material can be used for the insulating film 521. Specifically, a film formed using a photosensitive polyimide or a photosensitive acrylic resin, etc., can be used for the insulating film 521.

[0221] [Insulating film 518] For example, the materials that can be used for the insulating film 521 can be used for the insulating film 518.

[0222] For example, materials having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, hydrogen, water, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, etc., can be used for the insulating film 518. Specifically, a nitride insulating film can be used for the insulating film 518. For example, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxynitride, etc., can be used for the insulating film 518. Thereby, the diffusion of impurities into the semiconductor film of the transistor can be suppressed.

[0223] [Insulating film 516] For example, the material that can be used for the insulating film 521 can be used for the insulating film 516.

[0224] Specifically, a film having a manufacturing method different from that of the insulating film 518 can be used for the insulating film 516.

[0225] [Insulating film 506] For example, the material that can be used for the insulating film 521 can be used for the insulating film 506.

[0226] Specifically, a film containing a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, a yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, or a neodymium oxide film can be used for the insulating film 506.

[0227] [Insulating film 501C] For example, the material that can be used for the insulating film 521 can be used for the insulating film 501C. Specifically, a material containing silicon and oxygen can be used for the insulating film 501C. Thereby, diffusion of impurities into the pixel circuit or the display element can be suppressed.

[0228] 《Configuration example 2 of the functional layer 520.》 The functional layer 520 includes a conductive film, wiring, and terminals. A material having conductivity can be used for the wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, etc.

[0229] 《Wiring, etc.》 For example, an inorganic conductive material, an organic conductive material, a metal, or a conductive ceramic can be used for the wiring, etc.

[0230] Specifically, metal elements selected from aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, copper, chromium, tantalum, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, iron, cobalt, palladium, or manganese can be used for wirings and the like. Alternatively, alloys containing the above-described metal elements can be used for wirings and the like. In particular, an alloy of copper and manganese is suitable for microfabrication using a wet etching method.

[0231] Specifically, a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is laminated on an aluminum film, a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is laminated on a titanium nitride film, a two-layer structure in which a tungsten film is laminated on a titanium nitride film, a two-layer structure in which a tungsten film is laminated on a tantalum nitride film or a tungsten nitride film, a three-layer structure including a titanium film, an aluminum film laminated on the titanium film, and a titanium film formed thereon can be used for wirings and the like.

[0232] Specifically, conductive oxides such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, and zinc oxide doped with gallium can be used for wirings and the like.

[0233] Specifically, a film containing graphene or graphite can be used for wirings and the like.

[0234] For example, a film containing graphene can be formed by forming a film containing graphene oxide and reducing the film containing graphene oxide. Examples of the reduction method include a method of applying heat and a method of using a reducing agent.

[0235] For example, a film containing metal nanowires can be used for wirings and the like. Specifically, nanowires containing silver can be used.

[0236] Specifically, conductive polymers can be used for wirings and the like.

[0237] For example, the terminal 519B can be electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit board FPC1 using a conductive material CP (see FIG. 5A). Specifically, the terminal 519B can be electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit board FPC1 using a conductive material CP.

[0238] <Configuration Example 2 of Display Panel 700.> Further, the display panel 700 includes a base material 510, a base material 770, and a sealing material 705 (see FIGS. 8A and 9A).

[0239] 《Base Material 510, Base Material 770》 A material having light transmittance can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0240] For example, a flexible material can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. Thereby, a flexible display panel can be provided.

[0241] For example, a material with a thickness of 0.7 mm or less and 0.1 mm or more can be used. Specifically, a material polished to a thickness of about 0.1 mm can be used. Thereby, the weight can be reduced.

[0242] By the way, glass substrates of the 6th generation (1500 mm × 1850 mm), 7th generation (1870 mm × 2200 mm), 8th generation (2200 mm × 2400 mm), 9th generation (2400 mm × 2800 mm), 10th generation (2950 mm × 3400 mm), etc. can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. Thereby, a large-sized display device can be manufactured.

[0243] An organic material, an inorganic material, or a composite material such as a composite of an organic material and an inorganic material, etc. can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0244] For example, inorganic materials such as glass, ceramics, and metals can be used. Specifically, non-alkali glass, soda-lime glass, potash glass, crystal glass, aluminosilicate glass, tempered glass, chemically strengthened glass, quartz, or sapphire, etc. can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. Alternatively, aluminosilicate glass, tempered glass, chemically strengthened glass, or sapphire, etc. can be preferably used for the base material 510 or the base material 770 disposed on the side closer to the user of the display panel. Thereby, breakage or damage of the display panel due to use can be prevented.

[0245] Specifically, an inorganic oxide film, an inorganic nitride film, an inorganic oxynitride film, etc. can be used. For example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, etc. can be used. Stainless steel or aluminum, etc. can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0246] For example, a single crystal semiconductor substrate made of silicon or silicon carbide, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, a compound semiconductor substrate such as silicon germanium, an SOI substrate, etc. can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. Thereby, a semiconductor element can be formed on the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0247] For example, organic materials such as resin, resin film, or plastic can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. Specifically, materials including polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (nylon, aramid, etc.), polyimide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, or acrylic resin, resin containing epoxy resin or resin containing a siloxane bond such as silicone can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. For example, resin films, resin plates, or laminated materials, etc. containing these materials can be used. Thereby, the weight can be reduced. Or, for example, the frequency of occurrence of breakage or the like due to dropping can be reduced.

[0248] Specifically, materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), cycloolefin polymer (COP), or cycloolefin copolymer (COC) can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0249] For example, a composite material obtained by laminating a film such as a metal plate, a thin glass plate, or an inorganic material and a resin film can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. For example, a composite material in which fibrous or particulate metal, glass, or inorganic material is dispersed in a resin can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. For example, a composite material in which fibrous or particulate resin or organic material is dispersed in an inorganic material can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0250] In addition, a single-layer material or a material in which a plurality of layers are laminated can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. For example, a material with an insulating film or the like laminated can be used. Specifically, a material in which one or more films selected from a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, etc. are laminated can be used. Thereby, for example, the diffusion of impurities contained in the base material can be prevented. Or, the diffusion of impurities contained in glass or resin can be prevented. Or, the diffusion of impurities permeating through the resin can be prevented.

[0251] Also, paper or wood can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0252] For example, a material having heat resistance sufficient to withstand the heat treatment during the manufacturing process can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770. Specifically, a material having heat resistance to the heat applied during the manufacturing process of directly forming a transistor or a capacitor element can be used for the base material 510 or the base material 770.

[0253] For example, an insulating film, a transistor, a capacitor element, or the like can be formed on a process substrate having heat resistance against heat applied during the manufacturing process, and the formed insulating film, transistor, capacitor element, or the like can be transferred to, for example, a base material 510 or a base material 770. Thereby, for example, an insulating film, a transistor, a capacitor element, or the like can be formed on a flexible substrate.

[0254] 《Sealing material 705》 The sealing material 705 includes a region sandwiched between the functional layer 520 and the base material 770, and has a function of bonding the functional layer 520 and the base material 770 (see FIG. 9A).

[0255] An inorganic material, an organic material, a composite material of an inorganic material and an organic material, or the like can be used for the sealing material 705.

[0256] For example, an organic material such as a heat-meltable resin or a curable resin can be used for the sealing material 705.

[0257] For example, an organic material such as a reaction-curing adhesive, a photo-curing adhesive, a heat-curing adhesive, and / or an anaerobic adhesive can be used for the sealing material 705.

[0258] Specifically, an adhesive containing an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a phenol resin, a polyimide resin, an imide resin, a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin, or the like can be used for the sealing material 705.

[0259] <Configuration example 3 of the display panel 700.> The display panel 700 includes a structure KB1, a functional film 770P, or the like (see FIG. 8A). Note that a coloring film, a light-shielding film, or the like can be used between the functional layer 520 and the base material 770.

[0260] 《Structure KB1》 The structure KB1 includes a region sandwiched between the functional layer 520 and the base material 770. Further, the structure KB1 has a function of providing a predetermined gap between the functional layer 520 and the base material 770.

[0261] 《Functional film 770P, etc.》 The functional film 770P includes a region overlapping with the display element 750(i,j).

[0262] For example, an antireflection film, a polarizing film, a retardation film, a light diffusion film, a condenser film, etc. can be used for the functional film 770P.

[0263] For example, an antireflection film with a thickness of 1 μm or less can be used for the functional film 770P. Specifically, a laminated film in which three or more layers, preferably five or more layers, more preferably fifteen or more layers of dielectrics are laminated can be used for the functional film 770P. Thereby, the reflectance can be suppressed to 0.5% or less, preferably 0.08% or less.

[0264] For example, a circularly polarizing film can be used for the functional film 770P.

[0265] Also, an antistatic film that suppresses dust adhesion, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult for dirt to adhere, an oil-repellent film that makes it difficult for dirt to adhere, an antireflection film (anti-reflection film), a non-gloss treatment film (anti-glare film), a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches during use, a self-healing film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches during use, etc. can be used for the functional film 770P.

[0266] 《Configuration example of display element》 For example, an element that controls light reflection, light transmission, or light emission can be used as the display element. Specifically, an electro-optical element or a light-emitting element can be used as the display element.

[0267] 《Configuration example 1 of display element 750(i,j).》 For example, a liquid crystal element, an electrophoretic element, electronic ink, etc. can be used for the display element 750(i,j) (see Fig. 8A).

[0268] For example, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used as the display element 750(i,j). By using a reflective display element, the power consumption of the display panel can be suppressed.

[0269] For example, a transmissive liquid crystal element can be used as the display element 750(i,j). Further, the display panel 700 has a function of controlling the transmission of the light emitted by the light source 10 to display an image.

[0270] 《Configuration example of liquid crystal element》 For example, a liquid crystal element that can be driven using a driving method such as an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, an ASM (Axially Symmetric aligned Micro-cell) mode, an OCB (Optically Compensated Birefringence) mode, an FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, or an AFLC (AntiFerroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode can be used.

[0271] Also, for example, a liquid crystal element that can be driven using a driving method such as a vertical alignment (VA) mode, specifically, an MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode, a CPA (Continuous Pinwheel Alignment) mode, or an ASV (Advanced Super-View) mode can be used.

[0272] 《Configuration example 2 of display element 750(i,j).》 The display element 750(i,j) includes an electrode 751(i,j), an electrode 752, and a layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material. The display element 750(i,j) also includes an alignment film AF1 and an alignment film AF2.

[0273] The electrode 751(i,j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530(i,j) at the opening 591A.

[0274] The electrode 752 is arranged to form an electric field for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal material between itself and the electrode 751(i,j).

[0275] 《Layer 753 Containing Liquid Crystal Material》 The layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material includes a region sandwiched between the alignment film AF1 and the alignment film AF2.

[0276] For example, 1.0×10 13 Ω·cm or more, preferably 1.0×10 14 Ω·cm or more, more preferably 1.0×10 15 A liquid crystal material having a resistivity of Ω·cm or more can be used for the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material.

[0277] Thereby, the flow of current through the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material can be made difficult. Or, the electric field applied to the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material can be maintained. Or, the fluctuation of the transmittance of the display element 750(i,j) can be suppressed. Or, the shaking of the display element 750(i,j) can be suppressed. Or, the frequency of rewriting the display element 750(i,j) can be reduced.

[0278] 《Configuration Example 3 of Display Element 750(i,j)》 The display element 750(i,j) described in this embodiment includes an electrode 751(i,j), an electrode 752, and a layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material. It also has an alignment film AF1 and an alignment film AF2 (see FIG. 8A).

[0279] 《Configuration Example of Alignment Film AF1 and Alignment Film AF2》 The alignment film AF1 includes a region sandwiched between the electrode 751(i,j) and the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material. Also, the alignment film AF2 includes a region sandwiched between the electrode 752 and the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material.

[0280] An alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal approximately horizontally can be used for the alignment film AF1 and the alignment film AF2. For example, an angle of about 2° to 5° can be set as the pretilt angle.

[0281] Note that the alignment film AF2 is subjected to a rubbing process so as to be anti-parallel to the alignment film AF1. Also, the thickness of the alignment film AF1 or the alignment film AF2 can be, for example, 70 nm.

[0282] 《Configuration Example of Electrodes 751(i,j) and 752》 The electrode 752 is arranged so as to form an electric field across the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material between it and the electrode 751(i,j).

[0283] 《Configuration Example 1 of the Layer 753 Containing the Liquid Crystal Material》 The layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material scatters the incident light I0 with a first scattering intensity when the electric field is in the first state.

[0284] Also, the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material scatters the incident light I0 with a second scattering intensity when the electric field is in a second state greater than the first state. Note that the second scattering intensity is greater than the first scattering intensity.

[0285] Note that the thickness of the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material can be, for example, 2.5 μm or more and 6.0 μm or less.

[0286] 《Configuration Example 2 of the Layer 753 Containing the Liquid Crystal Material》 The layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material includes the liquid crystal material and the polymer material, and the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material is stabilized by the polymer.

[0287] 《Configuration Example of the Liquid Crystal Material》 For example, the liquid crystal material MDA-00-3506 manufactured by Merck can be used for the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material.

[0288] 《Constitution Examples of Polymer Materials》 The polymer material is a copolymer of a polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer.

[0289] 《Constitution Examples of Polyfunctional Monomers》 The polyfunctional monomer has a phenyl benzoate skeleton. For example, a diacrylate having a phenyl benzoate skeleton can be used as the polyfunctional monomer. Specifically, the material represented by the following structural formula (1) can be used as the polyfunctional monomer.

[0290]

Chem.

[0291] 《Constitution Examples of Monofunctional Monomers》 The monofunctional monomer has a cyclohexylbenzene skeleton. For example, an acrylate having a cyclohexyl skeleton can be used as the monofunctional monomer. Specifically, the materials represented by the following structural formula (2) to structural formula (4) can be used as the monofunctional monomer.

[0292]

Chem.

[0293]

Chem.

[0294]

Chem.

[0295] As a result, at a second electric field strength greater than the first electric field strength, incident light can be scattered more strongly. Alternatively, the power consumption can be reduced in a state where the incident light easily passes through. As a result, a novel liquid crystal element excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0296] Note that phenyl benzoate has a structure represented by the structural formula (5), and cyclohexylbenzene has a structure represented by the structural formula (6). Further, both may have a substituent.

[0297]

Chemical formula

[0298]

Chemical formula

[0299] <Configuration example of liquid crystal element> Further, in the liquid crystal element described in the present embodiment, the second scattering intensity is 10 times or more the first scattering intensity.

[0300] As a result, the contrast between the state where the incident light passes through and the state where the incident light is scattered can be increased. As a result, a novel liquid crystal element excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0301] Note that the present embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown in this specification.

[0302] (Embodiment 4) In the present embodiment, the configuration of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0303] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 10A is a block diagram of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention, and FIGS. 10B1 to 10B3 are projection views for explaining the appearance of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0304] <Configuration Example 1 of the Display Device.> The display device described in this embodiment has a display panel 700 and a control unit 238 (see FIG. 10A).

[0305] <<Configuration Example 1 of the Control Unit 238.>> The control unit 238 is supplied with image information VI and control information CI. For example, a clock signal or a timing signal can be used as the control information CI.

[0306] The control unit 238 generates information V11 based on the image information VI and generates a control signal SP based on the control information CI. Further, the control unit 238 supplies the information V11 and the control signal SP.

[0307] For example, the information V11 includes gradations of 8 bits or more, preferably 12 bits or more. Also, for example, a clock signal or a start pulse of a shift register used in a drive circuit can be used as the control signal SP.

[0308] <<Configuration Example 2 of the Control Unit 238.>> For example, an expansion circuit 234 and an image processing circuit 235 can be used as the control unit 238.

[0309] <<Expansion Circuit 234>> The expansion circuit 234 has a function of expanding the image information VI supplied in a compressed state. The expansion circuit 234 includes a storage unit. The storage unit has a function of storing, for example, the expanded image information.

[0310] <<Image Processing Circuit 235>> The image processing circuit 235 includes, for example, a storage area. The storage area has a function of storing, for example, the information included in the image information VI.

[0311] The image processing circuit 235 has, for example, a function of correcting the image information VI based on a predetermined characteristic curve to generate the information V11 and a function of supplying the information V11.

[0312] 《Configuration Example 1 of Display Panel.》 The display panel 700 is supplied with the information V11 and the control signal SP. For example, a drive circuit can be used for the display panel 700. Specifically, the display panel 700 described in Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 can be used.

[0313] 《Drive Circuit》 The drive circuit operates based on the control signal SP. By using the control signal SP, the operations of a plurality of drive circuits can be synchronized.

[0314] For example, the drive circuits GDA(1), GDA(2), GDB(1), and GDB(2) can be used for the display panel. Specifically, the drive circuits GDA(1), GDA(2), GDB(1), and GDB(2) are supplied with the control signal SP and have the function of supplying a selection signal.

[0315] For example, the drive circuits SDA(1), SDA(2), SDB(1), SDB(2), SDC(1), and SDC(2) can be used for the display panel. Also, the drive circuits SDA(1), SDA(2), SDB(1), SDB(2), SDC(1), and SDC(2) are supplied with the control signal SP and the information V11 and can supply an image signal.

[0316] 《Configuration Example of Pixel 702(i,j)》 The pixel 702(i,j) is displayed based on the information V11.

[0317] Thereby, image information can be displayed using a display element. As a result, a novel display device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided. Or, for example, a television receiving system (see FIG. 10B1), a video monitor (see FIG. 10B2), or a notebook computer (see FIG. 10B3) can be provided.

[0318] 《Configuration Example 2 of Display Panel》 For example, the control circuit 233 can be used for the display panel 700. Specifically, the control circuit 233 formed on the rigid substrate can be used for the display panel 700. Further, the control circuit 233 formed on the rigid substrate can be electrically connected to the control unit 238 using a flexible printed circuit board.

[0319] 《Control Circuit 233》 The control circuit 233 has a function of generating and supplying a control signal SP. For example, a clock signal or a timing signal can be used as the control signal SP. Specifically, a timing controller can be used for the control circuit 233.

[0320] <Configuration Example 2 of Display Device> The display device described in this embodiment has a display panel 700 and a control unit 238 (see FIGS. 11A and 11B). Further, it has a light source 10, an arithmetic unit 210, a sensor SENS, a drive unit MV, and a battery BT. The display panel includes a display area 231.

[0321] For example, the display panel described in Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 can be used for the display panel 700.

[0322] 《Configuration Example 1 of Light Source 10》 The light source 10 is supplied with control information CI. For example, a clock signal or a timing signal can be used as the control information CI.

[0323] The light source 10 includes a light-emitting element and a drive circuit. The light-emitting element is electrically connected to the drive circuit.

[0324] For example, an LED, an organic EL element, etc. can be used for the light source 10. Specifically, a light-emitting element that emits white light can be used for the light source 10. Or, a light-emitting element that emits blue light, a light-emitting element that emits green light, and a light-emitting element that emits red light can be used for the light source 10.

[0325] The drive circuit can simultaneously turn on a light-emitting element that emits blue light, a light-emitting element that emits green light, and a light-emitting element that emits red light. Or, the light-emitting element that emits blue light, the light-emitting element that emits green light, and the light-emitting element that emits red light can be turned on in sequence.

[0326] 《Configuration Example 2 of Light Source 10.》 Based on the control information CI, the light source 10 can display the image information VI using, for example, the field-sequential method (see FIG. 11C).

[0327] [First Step] As the first sub-image information, for example, the red component included in the predetermined image information is supplied (see FIG. 11C (W1)).

[0328] [Second Step] The light source 10 is used to irradiate red light to display the first sub-image information (see FIG. 11C (W2)).

[0329] [Third Step] As the second sub-image information, for example, the green component included in the predetermined image information is supplied (see FIG. 11C (W3)).

[0330] [Fourth Step] The light source 10 is used to irradiate green light to display the second sub-image information (see FIG. 11C (W4)).

[0331] [Fifth Step] As the third sub-image information, for example, the blue component included in the predetermined image information is supplied (see FIG. 11C (W5)).

[0332] [Sixth Step] The light source 10 is used to irradiate blue light to display the third sub-image information (see FIG. 11C (W6)).

[0333] 《Sensor SENS》 Sensor SENS supplies detection information DS. For example, a pulse sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, or the like can be used as sensor SENS.

[0334] 《Arithmetic unit 210》 The arithmetic unit 210 is supplied with the detection information DS. The arithmetic unit 210 generates image information VI based on the detection information DS.

[0335] For example, based on the detection information DS, image information VI for displaying the user's pulse, body temperature, etc. can be generated. Or, based on the detection information DS, image information VI for displaying the air temperature, altitude, water depth, etc. can be generated.

[0336] Also, the arithmetic unit 210 supplies time information and the like.

[0337] 《Drive unit MV》 The drive unit MV includes, for example, an hour hand, a minute hand, a second hand, an electric motor, and a drive circuit. The drive unit MV is supplied with time information and the like and displays the time and the like. For example, the hour hand, the minute hand, and the second hand can rotate at a predetermined speed. Also, the pulse, body temperature, air temperature, altitude, water depth, etc. can be displayed.

[0338] Note that a display panel 700 is arranged between the user and the drive unit MV so as to sandwich it. Thereby, for example, the image information can be displayed in front of the hands such as the hour hand, the minute hand, and the second hand. Or, the image information VI can be superimposed on the hands such as the hour hand, the minute hand, and the second hand. Or, the image information VI can be displayed without being blocked by the hands such as the hour hand, the minute hand, and the second hand.

[0339] 《Battery BT》 The battery BT is electrically connected to the display panel 700, the control unit 238, the light source 10, the sensor SENS, the arithmetic unit 210, and the drive unit MV. Also, the battery BT supplies power.

[0340] Note that the present embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments described in this specification.

[0341] (Embodiment 5) In the present embodiment, the configuration of the input / output device according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 12.

[0342] FIG. 12 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of the input / output device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0343] (Configuration Example 1 of Input / Output Device.) The input / output device described in the present embodiment includes an input unit 240 and a display unit 230 (see FIG. 12).

[0344] 《Display Unit 230》 The display unit 230 includes a display panel. For example, the display panel 700 described in Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 can be used for the display unit 230. Note that the configuration including the input unit 240 and the display unit 230 can be referred to as an input / output panel 700TP.

[0345] 《Configuration Example 1 of Input Unit 240.》 The input unit 240 includes a detection area 241. The input unit 240 has a function of detecting an object approaching the detection area 241.

[0346] The detection area 241 includes an area overlapping with the pixel 702(i,j).

[0347] Thereby, while displaying image information using the display unit, it is possible to detect an object approaching the area overlapping with the display unit. Or, position information can be input using a finger or the like brought close to the display unit as a pointer. Or, the position information can be associated with the image information displayed on the display unit. As a result, a novel input / output device excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability can be provided.

[0348] 《Configuration Example 1 of Detection Area 241.》 The detection area 241 includes, for example, one or more detectors. The detection area 241 also includes a conductive film CL(g) and a conductive film ML(h).

[0349] The detection area 241 has a group of detectors 802(g,1) to 802(g,q) and another group of detectors 802(1,h) to 802(p,h). Here, g is an integer of 1 or more and p or less, h is an integer of 1 or more and q or less, and p and q are integers of 1 or more.

[0350] A group of detectors 802(g,1) to 802(g,q) includes the detector 802(g,h) and is arranged in the row direction (the direction indicated by the arrow R2 in the figure). Note that the direction indicated by the arrow R2 may be the same as or different from the direction indicated by the arrow R1.

[0351] Another group of detectors 802(1,h) to 802(p,h) includes the detector 802(g,h) and is arranged in the column direction (the direction indicated by the arrow C2 in the figure) that intersects the row direction.

[0352] 《Detector》 The detector has a function of detecting a proximity pointer. For example, a finger or a stylus pen can be used as the pointer. For example, a metal piece or a coil can be used for the stylus pen.

[0353] Specifically, a capacitive proximity sensor, an electromagnetic induction proximity sensor, an optical proximity sensor, a resistive film proximity sensor, etc. can be used for the detector.

[0354] Also, detectors of a plurality of methods can be used in combination. For example, a detector for detecting a finger and a detector for detecting a stylus pen can be used in combination.

[0355] This enables the discrimination of the type of pointer. Alternatively, different instructions can be associated with the detection information based on the discriminated pointer type. Specifically, when it is determined that a finger is used as the pointer, the detection information can be associated with a gesture. Or, when it is determined that a stylus pen is used as the pointer, the detection information can be associated with a drawing process.

[0356] Specifically, a finger can be detected using a proximity sensor of a capacitance type, a pressure-sensitive type, or an optical type. Or, a stylus pen can be detected using a proximity sensor of an electromagnetic induction type or an optical type.

[0357] 《Configuration Example 2 of Input Unit 240.》 The input unit 240 includes an oscillation circuit OSC and a detection circuit DC (see FIG. 12).

[0358] The oscillation circuit OSC supplies a search signal to the detectors 802(g,h). For example, a rectangular wave, a sawtooth wave, a triangular wave, a sine wave, etc. can be used as the search signal.

[0359] The detectors 802(g,h) generate and supply a detection signal that changes based on the distance to the pointer approaching the detectors 802(g,h) and the search signal.

[0360] The detection circuit DC supplies input information based on the detection signal.

[0361] This enables the detection of the distance from the approaching pointer to the detection area 241. Or, the position where the pointer is closest within the detection area 241 can be detected.

[0362] Note that this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown in this specification.

[0363] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, the configuration of the information processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 15.

[0364] FIG. 13A is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of an information processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention. FIGS. 13B and 13C are projection views for explaining an example of the appearance of the information processing apparatus.

[0365] FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining a program according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 14A is a flowchart for explaining the main processing of a program according to an aspect of the present invention, and FIG. 14B is a flowchart for explaining interrupt processing.

[0366] FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a program according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 15A is a flowchart for explaining interrupt processing of a program according to an aspect of the present invention. Further, FIG. 15B is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the information processing apparatus, and FIG. 15C is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the information processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0367] <Configuration Example 1 of Information Processing Apparatus.> The information processing apparatus 200 described in the present embodiment includes an arithmetic unit 210 and an input / output device 220 (see FIG. 13A). Note that the input / output device 220 is electrically connected to the arithmetic unit 210. Further, the information processing apparatus 200 can include a housing (see FIGS. 13B and 13C).

[0368] 《Configuration Example 1 of Arithmetic Unit 210.》 The arithmetic unit 210 is supplied with input information II or detection information DS. The arithmetic unit 210 generates control information CI and image information VI based on the input information II or the detection information DS, and supplies the control information CI and the image information VI.

[0369] The arithmetic unit 210 includes an arithmetic section 211 and a storage section 212. Further, the arithmetic unit 210 includes a transmission path 214 and an input / output interface 215.

[0370] The transmission path 214 is electrically connected to the arithmetic section 211, the storage section 212, and the input / output interface 215.

[0371] "Calculation Unit 211" The calculation unit 211 has, for example, a function of executing a program.

[0372] "Memory Unit 212" The memory unit 212 has a function of storing, for example, a program, initial information, setting information, an image, etc. executed by the calculation unit 211.

[0373] Specifically, a hard disk, a flash memory, or a memory using a transistor including an oxide semiconductor can be used.

[0374] "Input / Output Interface 215, Transmission Line 214" The input / output interface 215 includes terminals or wiring and has a function of supplying information and being supplied with information. For example, it can be electrically connected to the transmission line 214. Also, it can be electrically connected to the input / output device 220.

[0375] The transmission line 214 includes wiring and has a function of supplying information and being supplied with information. For example, it can be electrically connected to the input / output interface 215. Also, it can be electrically connected to the calculation unit 211, the memory unit 212, or the input / output interface 215.

[0376] "Configuration Example of Input / Output Device 220" The input / output device 220 supplies input information II and detection information DS. The input / output device 220 is supplied with control information CI and image information VI (see FIG. 13A).

[0377] For example, the keyboard scan code, position information, button operation information, voice information, image information, etc. can be used for the input information II. Or, for example, the illuminance information, posture information, acceleration information, azimuth information, pressure information, temperature information, humidity information, etc. of the environment where the information processing device 200 is used can be used for the detection information DS.

[0378] For example, signals for controlling the luminance for displaying the image information VI, signals for controlling the chroma, and signals for controlling the hue can be used as the control information CI. Alternatively, signals for changing the display of a part of the image information VI can be used as the control information CI.

[0379] The input / output device 220 includes a display unit 230, an input unit 240, and a detection unit 250. For example, the input / output device described in Embodiment 5 can be used as the input / output device 220. Further, the input / output device 220 can include a communication unit 290.

[0380] 《Configuration Example of Display Unit 230》 The display unit 230 displays the image information VI based on the control information CI.

[0381] The display unit 230 includes a control unit 238, a driving circuit GD, a driving circuit SD, and a display panel 700 (see FIG. 10). For example, the display device described in Embodiment 4 can be used as the display unit 230.

[0382] 《Configuration Example of Input Unit 240》 The input unit 240 generates input information II. For example, the input unit 240 has a function of supplying position information P1.

[0383] For example, a human interface or the like can be used as the input unit 240 (see FIG. 13A). Specifically, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch sensor, a microphone, a camera, or the like can be used as the input unit 240.

[0384] Further, a touch sensor having a region overlapping the display unit 230 can be used. Note that an input / output device including the display unit 230 and a touch sensor having a region overlapping the display unit 230 can be referred to as a touch panel or a touch screen.

[0385] For example, the user can use a finger touching the touch panel as a pointer to perform various gestures (such as tap, drag, swipe, or pinch-in).

[0386] For example, the arithmetic unit 210 can analyze information such as the position or trajectory of a finger touching the touch panel, and assume that a predetermined gesture is supplied when the analysis result satisfies a predetermined condition. Thereby, the user can supply a predetermined operation command associated with the predetermined gesture in advance using the gesture.

[0387] For example, the user can supply a "scroll command" for changing the display position of the image information using a gesture of moving a finger touching the touch panel along the touch panel.

[0388] In addition, the user can supply a "drag command" for pulling out and displaying the navigation panel NP at the end of the display area using a gesture of moving a finger in contact with the end of the display area (see Fig. 13C). Also, the user can supply a "page-through command" for sequentially displaying the index image IND, a part of another page, or the thumbnail image TN of another page on the navigation panel NP using a gesture of moving the position where the finger is strongly pressed. Or it can be supplied using the pressure of pressing the finger. Thereby, the pages of an e-book can be turned like turning the pages of a paper book. Or, a predetermined page can be searched for relying on the thumbnail image TN or the index image IND.

[0389] <<Configuration Example of Detection Unit 250>> The detection unit 250 generates detection information DS. For example, the detection unit 250 has a function of detecting the illuminance of the environment in which the information processing apparatus 200 is used and a function of supplying illuminance information.

[0390] The detection unit 250 has a function of detecting the surrounding state and supplying detection information. Specifically, it can supply illuminance information, posture information, acceleration information, azimuth information, pressure information, temperature information, humidity information, or the like.

[0391] For example, the detection unit 250 may be a photodetector, a posture detector, an acceleration sensor, a direction sensor, a GPS (Global Positioning System) signal receiving circuit, a pressure-sensitive switch, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or a camera.

[0392] Communications Department 290 The communication unit 290 has a function of supplying information to the network and acquiring information from the network.

[0393] 《Case》 The housing has a function of housing the input / output device 220 or the arithmetic device 210. Alternatively, the housing has a function of supporting the display unit 230 or the arithmetic device 210.

[0394] This allows control information to be generated based on input information or detection information. Alternatively, image information can be displayed based on input information or detection information. Alternatively, the information processing device can operate by grasping the intensity of light received by the housing of the information processing device in the environment in which the information processing device is used. Alternatively, the user of the information processing device can select the display method. As a result, a novel information processing device that is excellent in convenience, usefulness, and reliability can be provided.

[0395] It should be noted that these components cannot be clearly separated, and one component may also serve as another component or may include part of another component. For example, a touch panel in which a touch sensor is superimposed on a display panel is both a display unit and an input unit.

[0396] <Configuration Example 2 of the Calculation Device 210> The computing device 210 includes an artificial intelligence unit 213 (see FIG. 13A).

[0397] The artificial intelligence unit 213 is supplied with the input information II or the sensed information DS, and infers the control information CI based on the input information II or the sensed information DS. The artificial intelligence unit 213 also supplies the control information CI.

[0398] As a result, it is possible to generate control information CI for display so as to be felt suitable, or to be displayed so as to be felt suitable, or to generate control information CI for display so as to be felt comfortable, or to be displayed so as to be felt comfortable. As a result, it is possible to provide a novel information processing apparatus excellent in convenience, usefulness, or reliability.

[0399] [Natural language processing for input information II] Specifically, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can perform natural language processing on the input information II to extract one feature from the entire input information II. For example, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can infer and characterize emotions or the like incorporated in the input information II. In addition, it is possible to infer colors, patterns, fonts, etc. that are empirically felt to be suitable for the feature. Further, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can generate information for designating the color, pattern, or font of characters, or information for designating the color or pattern of the background, and use it for the control information CI.

[0400] Specifically, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can perform natural language processing on the input information II to extract some of the words included in the input information II. For example, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can extract expressions including grammatical errors, factual errors, or emotions. In addition, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can generate control information CI for displaying the extracted part in a color, pattern, font, etc. different from the other part, and use it for the control information CI.

[0401] [Image processing for input information II] Specifically, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can perform image processing on the input information II and extract one feature from the input information II. For example, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can infer and characterize the era when the input information II was taken, whether it was indoors or outdoors, day or night, etc. In addition, it can infer a color tone that is empirically felt to be suitable for the feature and generate control information CI for using the color tone in the display. Specifically, information specifying the color used for expressing shades (e.g., full color, black and white, or sepia) can be used for the control information CI.

[0402] Specifically, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can perform image processing on the input information II and extract some of the images included in the input information II. For example, it can generate control information CI for displaying a boundary between a part of the extracted image and another part. Specifically, it can generate control information CI for displaying a rectangle surrounding a part of the extracted image.

[0403] [Inference Using Detection Information DS] Specifically, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can use the detection information DS to generate an inference RI. Alternatively, based on the inference RI, it can generate control information CI so that the user of the information processing apparatus 200 feels comfortable.

[0404] Specifically, based on the illuminance of the environment, etc., the artificial intelligence unit 213 can generate control information CI for adjusting the display brightness so that the display brightness is felt to be comfortable. Alternatively, the artificial intelligence unit 213 can generate control information CI for adjusting the volume based on the noise of the environment, etc., so that the volume is felt to be comfortable.

[0405] Note that a clock signal or a timing signal supplied to the control unit 238 provided in the display unit 230, etc. can be used for the control information CI. Alternatively, a clock signal or a timing signal supplied to the control unit provided in the input unit 240, etc. can be used for the control information CI.

[0406] <Configuration Example 2 of Information Processing Apparatus.> Another configuration of the information processing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14A and 14B.

[0407] 《Program》 The program according to one aspect of the present invention has the following steps (see FIG. 14A).

[0408] [First step] In the first step, initialize the settings (see FIG. 14A (S1)).

[0409] For example, acquire from the storage unit 212 the predetermined image information to be displayed at startup, the predetermined mode for displaying the image information, and the information specifying the predetermined display method for displaying the image information. Specifically, one still image information or other moving image information can be used as the predetermined image information. Also, the first mode or the second mode can be used as the predetermined mode.

[0410] [Second step] In the second step, permit interrupt processing (see FIG. 14A (S2)). Note that the arithmetic unit permitted interrupt processing can perform interrupt processing in parallel with the main processing. The arithmetic unit that has returned from the interrupt processing to the main processing can reflect the result obtained by the interrupt processing in the main processing.

[0411] Note that when the value of the counter is the initial value, the arithmetic unit may be made to perform interrupt processing, and when returning from the interrupt processing, the counter may be set to a value other than the initial value. Thereby, interrupt processing can always be performed after the program is started.

[0412] [Third step] In the third step, display the image information using the predetermined mode or the predetermined display method selected in the first step or the interrupt processing (see FIG. 14A (S3)). Note that the predetermined mode specifies the mode for displaying information, and the predetermined display method specifies the method for displaying the image information. Also, for example, it can be used for the information for displaying the image information VI.

[0413] For example, one method of displaying the image information VI can be associated with the first mode. Alternatively, another method of displaying the image information VI can be associated with the second mode. Thereby, the display method can be selected based on the selected mode.

[0414] 《First Mode》 Specifically, a method of supplying a selection signal to one scanning line at a frequency of 30 Hz or more, preferably 60 Hz or more, and performing display based on the selection signal can be associated with the first mode.

[0415] For example, when the selection signal is supplied at a frequency of 30 Hz or more, preferably 60 Hz or more, the movement of the moving image can be smoothly displayed.

[0416] For example, when the image is updated at a frequency of 30 Hz or more, preferably 60 Hz or more, an image that smoothly follows the user's operation can be displayed on the information processing apparatus 200 during the user's operation.

[0417] 《Second Mode》 Specifically, a method of supplying a selection signal to one scanning line at a frequency of less than 30 Hz, preferably less than 1 Hz, more preferably less than once per minute, and performing display based on the selection signal can be associated with the second mode.

[0418] When the selection signal is supplied at a frequency of less than 30 Hz, preferably less than 1 Hz, more preferably less than once per minute, a display with suppressed flicker or flickering can be performed. Also, power consumption can be reduced.

[0419] For example, when the information processing apparatus 200 is used as a clock, the display can be updated at a frequency of once per second or once per minute.

[0420] Incidentally, for example, when a light-emitting element is used as a display element, the light-emitting element can be caused to emit light in a pulsed manner to display image information. Specifically, an organic EL element can be caused to emit light in a pulsed manner, and the afterglow can be used for display. Since the organic EL element has excellent frequency characteristics, it may be possible to shorten the time for driving the light-emitting element and reduce the power consumption. Or, since heat generation is suppressed, it may be possible to reduce the deterioration of the light-emitting element.

[0421] [Fourth step] In the fourth step, when an end command is supplied (Yes), proceed to the fifth step, and when an end command is not supplied (No), select to proceed to the third step (see FIG. 14A (S4)).

[0422] For example, the end command supplied in the interrupt process may be used for the determination.

[0423] [Fifth step] In the fifth step, end (see FIG. 14A (S5)).

[0424] [Interrupt process] The interrupt process includes the following sixth to eighth steps (see FIG. 14B).

[0425] [Sixth step] In the sixth step, for example, using the detection unit 250, detect the illuminance of the environment in which the information processing apparatus 200 is used (see FIG. 14B (S6)). Note that instead of the illuminance of the environment, the color temperature or chromaticity of the ambient light may be detected.

[0426] [Seventh step] In the seventh step, determine the display method based on the detected illuminance information (see FIG. 14B (S7)). For example, determine so that the brightness of the display is not too dark or not too bright.

[0427] In addition, when detecting the color temperature and chromaticity of the ambient light in the sixth step, the color tone of the display may be adjusted.

[0428] [Eighth step] In the eighth step, end the interrupt process (see Fig. 14B (S8)).

[0429] [Configuration example 3 of the information processing apparatus.> Another configuration of the information processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 15.

[0430] Fig. 15A is a flowchart for explaining a program according to an aspect of the present invention. Fig. 15A is a flowchart for explaining an interrupt process different from the interrupt process shown in Fig. 14B.

[0431] Note that the configuration example 3 of the information processing apparatus is different from the interrupt process described with reference to Fig. 14B in that it has a step of changing the mode in the interrupt process based on a supplied predetermined event. Here, different parts will be described in detail, and the above description will be applied to parts where the same configuration can be used.

[0432] <<Interrupt process>> The interrupt process includes the following sixth to eighth steps (see Fig. 15A).

[0433] [Sixth step] In the sixth step, when a predetermined event is supplied (Yes), proceed to the seventh step, and when a predetermined event is not supplied (No), proceed to the eighth step (see Fig. 15A (U6)). For example, it is possible to use as a condition whether a predetermined event has been supplied within a predetermined period. Specifically, a period of 5 seconds or less, 1 second or less, or 0.5 second or less, preferably 0.1 second or less and longer than 0 seconds can be set as the predetermined period.

[0434] [Seventh step] In the seventh step, change the mode (see Fig. 15A (U7)). Specifically, if the first mode was selected, select the second mode, and if the second mode was selected, select the first mode.

[0435] For example, for a partial area of the display unit 230, the display mode can be changed. Specifically, for the area to which one driving circuit of the display unit 230 including the driving circuits GDA, GDB, and GDC supplies a selection signal, the display mode can be changed (see Fig. 15B).

[0436] For example, when a predetermined event is supplied to the input unit 240 in an area overlapping with the area to which the driving circuit GDB supplies a selection signal, the display mode of the area to which the driving circuit GDB supplies a selection signal can be changed (see Figs. 15B and 15C). Specifically, the frequency of the selection signal supplied by the driving circuit GDB can be changed according to a "tap" event supplied to the touch panel using a finger or the like.

[0437] Note that the signal GCLK is a clock signal for controlling the operation of the driving circuit GDB, and the signals PWC1 and PWC2 are pulse width control signals for controlling the operation of the driving circuit GDB. The driving circuit GDB supplies a selection signal to the scanning lines G2(m + 1) to G2(2m) based on the signal GCLK, the signals PWC1, the signal PWC2, etc.

[0438] Thereby, for example, the driving circuit GDB can supply a selection signal without the driving circuits GDA and GDC supplying a selection signal. Or, the display of the area to which the driving circuit GDB supplies a selection signal can be updated without changing the display of the areas to which the driving circuits GDA and GDC supply selection signals. Or, the power consumption of the driving circuit can be suppressed.

[0439] [Eighth step] In the eighth step, end the interrupt process (see Fig. 15A (U8)). Note that the interrupt process may be repeatedly executed during the period when the main process is being executed.

[0440] 《Predetermined Event》 For example, events such as "click" and "drag" supplied using a pointing device such as a mouse, or events such as "tap", "drag", or "swipe" supplied to a touch panel using a finger or the like as a pointer can be used.

[0441] Also, for example, arguments of instructions associated with a predetermined event can be given using the position of a slider indicated by a pointer, the speed of a swipe, the speed of a drag, etc.

[0442] For example, the information detected by the detection unit 250 can be compared with a preset threshold value, and the comparison result can be used for an event.

[0443] Specifically, a pressure sensor or the like that contacts a button or the like arranged so as to be pushed into the housing can be used as the detection unit 250.

[0444] 《Instructions Associated with a Predetermined Event》 For example, an end instruction can be associated with a predetermined event.

[0445] For example, a "page turning instruction" for switching the display from one piece of image information being displayed to another piece of image information can be associated with a predetermined event. Note that an argument for determining the speed of turning the page used when executing the "page turning instruction" can be given using a predetermined event.

[0446] For example, a "scroll command" that moves the display position of a displayed part of one piece of image information and displays another part continuous with the part can be associated with a predetermined event. Note that an argument for determining the speed of moving the display used when executing the "scroll command" can be given using a predetermined event.

[0447] For example, a command for setting a display method or a command for generating image information can be associated with a predetermined event. Note that an argument for determining the brightness of the generated image can be associated with a predetermined event. Further, the argument for determining the brightness of the generated image may be determined based on the brightness of the environment detected by the detection unit 250.

[0448] For example, a command for acquiring information distributed using a push-type service using the communication unit 290 can be associated with a predetermined event.

[0449] Note that whether or not there is a qualification for acquiring information may be determined using the position information detected by the detection unit 250. Specifically, when in a predetermined classroom, school, conference room, company, building, or other internal area or region, it may be determined that there is a qualification for acquiring information. Thereby, for example, teaching materials distributed in a classroom of a school or university can be received and the information processing apparatus 200 can be used as a textbook or the like (see FIG. 13C). Or, materials distributed in a conference room of a company or the like can be received and used as conference materials.

[0450] Note that this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown in this specification.

[0451] (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment, the configuration of the information processing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18.

[0452] Figures 16 to 18 are diagrams for explaining the configuration of an information processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 16A is a block diagram of the information processing apparatus, and FIGS. 16B to 16E are perspective views for explaining the configuration of the information processing apparatus. FIGS. 17A to 17E are also perspective views for explaining the configuration of the information processing apparatus. FIGS. 18A and 18B are also perspective views for explaining the configuration of the information processing apparatus.

[0453] <Information processing apparatus> The information processing apparatus 5200B described in this embodiment includes an arithmetic unit 5210 and an input / output unit 5220 (see FIG. 16A).

[0454] The arithmetic unit 5210 has a function of supplying operation information and a function of supplying image information based on the operation information.

[0455] The input / output unit 5220 includes a display unit 5230, an input unit 5240, a detection unit 5250, a communication unit 5290, a function of supplying operation information, and a function of being supplied with image information. The input / output unit 5220 also has a function of supplying detection information, a function of supplying communication information, and a function of being supplied with communication information.

[0456] The input unit 5240 has a function of supplying operation information. For example, the input unit 5240 supplies operation information based on the operation of the user of the information processing apparatus 5200B.

[0457] Specifically, a keyboard, a hardware button, a pointing device, a touch sensor, an illuminance sensor, an imaging device, a voice input device, a gaze input device, a posture detection device, etc. can be used for the input unit 5240.

[0458] The display unit 5230 includes a display panel and a function of displaying image information. For example, the display panel described in Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 can be used for the display unit 5230.

[0459] The detection unit 5250 has a function of supplying detection information. For example, it has a function of detecting the surrounding environment in which the information processing device is used and supplying it as detection information.

[0460] Specifically, an illuminance sensor, an imaging device, a posture detection device, a pressure sensor, a human sensor, etc. can be used for the detection unit 5250.

[0461] The communication unit 5290 has a function of being supplied with communication information and a function of supplying it. For example, it has a function of connecting to other electronic devices or a communication network by wireless communication or wired communication. Specifically, it has functions such as wireless in-building communication, telephone communication, and short-range wireless communication.

[0462] 《Configuration Example 1 of Information Processing Device.》 For example, an outer shape along a cylindrical column or the like can be applied to the display unit 5230 (see FIG. 16B). Also, it has a function of changing the display method according to the illuminance of the usage environment. Also, it has a function of detecting the presence of a person and changing the display content. Thereby, for example, it can be installed on a column of a building. Or, advertisements or guidance, etc. can be displayed. Or, it can be used for digital signage, etc.

[0463] 《Configuration Example 2 of Information Processing Device.》 For example, it has a function of generating image information based on the trajectory of a pointer used by a user (see FIG. 16C). Specifically, a display panel with a diagonal length of 20 inches or more, preferably 40 inches or more, more preferably 55 inches or more can be used. Or, a plurality of display panels can be arranged and used in one display area. Or, a plurality of display panels can be arranged and used for a multi-screen. Thereby, for example, it can be used for an electronic blackboard, an electronic bulletin board, an electronic signboard, etc.

[0464] 《Configuration Example 3 of Information Processing Device.》 It can receive information from other devices and display it on the display unit 5230 (see FIG. 16D). Or, several options can be displayed. Or, the user can select some from the options and reply to the information source. Or, for example, it has a function of changing the display method according to the illuminance of the usage environment. Thereby, for example, the power consumption of the smartwatch can be reduced. Or, for example, an image can be displayed on the smartwatch so that it can be preferably used even in an environment with strong external light such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0465] 《Configuration Example 4 of Information Processing Device.》 The display unit 5230 has, for example, a curved surface that gently curves along the side surface of the housing (see FIG. 16E). Or, the display unit 5230 includes a display panel, and the display panel has a function of displaying on, for example, the front surface, side surface, upper surface, and back surface. Thereby, for example, information can be displayed not only on the front surface of the mobile phone but also on the side surface, upper surface, and back surface.

[0466] 《Configuration Example 5 of Information Processing Device.》 For example, it can receive information from the Internet and display it on the display unit 5230 (see FIG. 17A). Or, the created message can be confirmed on the display unit 5230. Or, the created message can be transmitted to other devices. Or, for example, it has a function of changing the display method according to the illuminance of the usage environment. Thereby, the power consumption of the smartphone can be reduced. Or, for example, an image can be displayed on the smartphone so that it can be preferably used even in an environment with strong external light such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0467] 《Configuration Example 6 of Information Processing Device.》 A remote controller can be used for the input unit 5240 (see Fig. 17B). Alternatively, for example, information can be received from a broadcasting station or the Internet and displayed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, the detection unit 5250 can be used to photograph the user. Alternatively, the video of the user can be transmitted. Alternatively, the viewing history of the user can be obtained and provided to a cloud service. Alternatively, recommendation information can be obtained from the cloud service and displayed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, a program or video can be displayed based on the recommendation information. Alternatively, for example, it has a function of changing the display method according to the illuminance of the usage environment. Thereby, the video can be displayed on the television system so that it can be suitably used even when strong external light shines indoors on a sunny day.

[0468] 《Configuration Example 7 of Information Processing Apparatus.》 For example, teaching materials can be received from the Internet and displayed on the display unit 5230 (see Fig. 17C). Alternatively, the input unit 5240 can be used to input a report and transmit it to the Internet. Alternatively, the result of proofreading or evaluation of the report can be obtained from the cloud service and displayed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, a suitable teaching material can be selected and displayed based on the evaluation.

[0469] For example, an image signal can be received from another information processing apparatus and displayed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, the display unit 5230 can be used as a sub-display by propping it up on a stand or the like. Thereby, the image can be displayed on the tablet computer so that it can be suitably used even in an environment with strong external light such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0470] 《Configuration Example 8 of Information Processing Apparatus.》 The information processing apparatus includes, for example, a plurality of display units 5230 (see FIG. 17D). For example, it can be displayed on the display unit 5230 while being photographed by the detection unit 5250. Or, the photographed video can be displayed on the detection unit. Or, using the input unit 5240, decorations can be applied to the photographed video. Or, a message can be attached to the photographed video. Or, it can be transmitted to the Internet. Or, it has a function of changing the photographing conditions according to the illuminance of the usage environment. Thereby, for example, the subject can be displayed on the digital camera so that it can be suitably viewed even in an environment with strong external light such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0471] 《Configuration Example 9 of Information Processing Apparatus.》 For example, other information processing apparatuses can be used as slaves, and the information processing apparatus of the present embodiment can be used as a master to control other information processing apparatuses (see FIG. 17E). Or, for example, a part of the image information can be displayed on the display unit 5230, and another part of the image information can be displayed on the display unit of another information processing apparatus. Or, an image signal can be supplied. Or, using the communication unit 5290, information to be written from the input unit of another information processing apparatus can be acquired. Thereby, for example, a large display area can be utilized using a portable personal computer.

[0472] 《Configuration Example 10 of Information Processing Apparatus.》 The information processing apparatus includes, for example, a detection unit 5250 that detects acceleration or orientation (see FIG. 18A). Or, the detection unit 5250 can supply information related to the position of the user or the direction the user is facing. Or, the information processing apparatus can generate right-eye image information and left-eye image information based on the position of the user or the direction the user is facing. Or, the display unit 5230 includes a right-eye display area and a left-eye display area. Thereby, for example, a video of a virtual reality space that can provide an immersive feeling can be displayed on a goggle-type information processing apparatus.

[0473] 《Configuration Example 11 of Information Processing Apparatus.》 The information processing apparatus includes, for example, an imaging device and a detection unit 5250 that detects acceleration or orientation (see FIG. 18B). Alternatively, the detection unit 5250 can supply information related to the position of the user or the direction the user is facing. Alternatively, the information processing apparatus can generate image information based on the position of the user or the direction the user is facing. Thereby, for example, information can be superimposed on a real landscape for display. Alternatively, a video of an augmented reality space can be displayed on the glasses-type information processing apparatus.

Embodiment

[0474] In this embodiment, the configuration, evaluation results, and display results of the manufactured display device will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 21.

[0475] FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention that has been manufactured. FIG. 19A is a top view of the display device, and FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view taken along the cutting line W1-W2 of FIG. 19A. FIG. 19C is a diagram for explaining a part of FIG. 19B.

[0476] FIG. 20 is a photograph for explaining the display result of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention that has been manufactured.

[0477] FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the display characteristics of a display device according to an aspect of the present invention that has been manufactured.

[0478] <Configuration Example 1 of the Display Device.> A display device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a light guide plate 50, a display panel 700, and an intermediate layer 60 (see FIGS. 19A to 19C).

[0479] 《Configuration Example 1 of the Light Guide Plate 50.》 The light guide plate 50 includes surfaces 51 and 52, and surface 51 is irradiated with light (see FIG. 19B).

[0480] Specifically, light was irradiated using a light source 10A including red LEDs, green LEDs, and blue LEDs arranged in an array. Also, an acrylic resin square bar and a diffusion plate 21A were used for the optical element 20A (see FIG. 19C). Further, the fabricated display device has a light source 10B and an optical element 20B. The light source 10B is arranged to face the light source 10A and irradiates light on the surface facing the surface 51.

[0481] The surface 52 has a function of distributing light. Specifically, the light incident from the surface 51 is distributed over the entire surface 52. Also, the surface 52 is in contact with the intermediate layer 60, and the surface 52 has a refractive index N1 in the region in contact with the intermediate layer 60. Specifically, an acrylic resin with a refractive index of 1.5 was used for the light guide plate 50.

[0482] The light guide plate 50 has a surface 53. The surface 53 has an inclination φ with respect to the surface 52 in the region overlapping the display area 231 (see FIGS. 19B and 19C). Specifically, a curved surface curved with respect to the surface 52 was used for the surface 53. The radius of curvature of the curved surface was 4322.2 mm. Note that the inclination φ is 2° or less in a cross section including the thickness direction of the light guide plate 50. Specifically, the inclination φ is about 1.41° or less. Also, the light guide plate 50 has a thickness of 2 mm in the region in contact with the diffusion plate 21. Further, the base material 510 has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material has a thickness of 3 μm, the base material 770 has a thickness of 0.7 mm, and the intermediate layer 60 has a thickness of 50 μm (see FIG. 19C).

[0483] 《Configuration Example 1 of Display Panel 700.》 The display panel 700 faces the surface 52 and the display panel 700 is in contact with the intermediate layer 60. Also, the display panel 700 has a function of scattering the distributed light.

[0484] It includes a display area 231. Specifically, the display area 231 was 114.21 mm in length and 203.04 mm in width (see FIGS. 19A and Table 1).

[0485] 《Configuration Example 1 of Intermediate Layer 60.》 The intermediate layer 60 includes a region sandwiched between the surface 52 and the display panel 700 (see FIG. 19B).

[0486] The intermediate layer 60 has a refractive index N2 in the region in contact with the surface 52, and the refractive index N2 is smaller than the refractive index N1. Specifically, a fluorine-based inert liquid with a refractive index of 1.29 was used for the intermediate layer 60.

[0487] Table 1 shows the specifications of the fabricated display device.

[0488]

Table 1

[0489] <Display result of the display device> The result of displaying an image using the fabricated display device is shown in FIG. 20. Note that IMAGE1 in the figure is a full-color image displayed by the display device, and IMAGE2 in the figure is a printed matter visible through the display device. In this way, it was possible to achieve both high transmittance and vivid display.

[0490] <Evaluation result of the display device> The display position dependence of the luminance displayed by the fabricated display device was evaluated (see FIG. 21). The solid line is used to show the luminance distribution when the brightest gradation image signal is supplied to the entire display area 231. The broken line is used to show the luminance distribution when the darkest gradation image signal is supplied to the entire display area 231. Note that the distance from the end of the display area 231 to the measurement position along the long side (203.04 mm) direction of the display area 231 was defined as the display position (see FIG. 19).

[0491] Note that this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown in this specification.

[0492] For example, when it is explicitly described in this specification or the like that X and Y are connected, it shall be assumed that X and Y are electrically connected, X and Y are functionally connected, and X and Y are directly connected as disclosed in this specification or the like. Therefore, it is not limited to a predetermined connection relationship, for example, the connection relationship shown in a figure or text, and those other than the connection relationship shown in the figure or text shall also be considered as disclosed in the figure or text.

[0493] Here, it is assumed that X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).

[0494] As an example of the case where X and Y are directly connected, it is a case where an element (for example, a switch, transistor, capacitor element, inductor, resistor element, diode, display element, light-emitting element, load, etc.) that enables electrical connection between X and Y is not connected between X and Y, and X and Y are connected without passing through an element (for example, a switch, transistor, capacitor element, inductor, resistor element, diode, display element, light-emitting element, load, etc.) that enables electrical connection between X and Y.

[0495] As an example of the case where X and Y are electrically connected, one or more elements (for example, a switch, transistor, capacitor element, inductor, resistor element, diode, display element, light-emitting element, load, etc.) that enable electrical connection between X and Y can be connected between X and Y. Note that the switch has a function of controlling on / off. That is, the switch can be in a conductive state (on state) or a non-conductive state (off state), and has a function of controlling whether to allow current to flow or not. Or, the switch has a function of selecting and switching the path through which current flows. Note that when X and Y are electrically connected, it shall include the case where X and Y are directly connected.

[0496] As an example of the case where X and Y are functionally connected, it is possible that one or more circuits enabling the functional connection between X and Y (for example, logic circuits (such as inverters, NAND circuits, NOR circuits, etc.), signal conversion circuits (such as DA conversion circuits, AD conversion circuits, gamma correction circuits, etc.), potential level conversion circuits (such as power supply circuits (boost circuits, buck circuits, etc.), level shifter circuits for changing the potential level of signals, etc.), voltage sources, current sources, switching circuits, amplifier circuits (circuits capable of increasing signal amplitude or current amount, such as operational amplifiers, differential amplifier circuits, source follower circuits, buffer circuits, etc.), signal generation circuits, memory circuits, control circuits, etc.) are connected between X and Y. As an example, even if another circuit is interposed between X and Y, when the signal output from X is transmitted to Y, X and Y are considered to be functionally connected. When X and Y are functionally connected, it shall include the case where X and Y are directly connected and the case where X and Y are electrically connected.

[0497] In addition, when it is explicitly described that X and Y are electrically connected, the cases where X and Y are electrically connected (that is, connected with another element or another circuit interposed between X and Y), the cases where X and Y are functionally connected (that is, functionally connected with another circuit interposed between X and Y), and the cases where X and Y are directly connected (that is, connected without another element or another circuit interposed between X and Y) are disclosed in this specification and the like. That is, when it is explicitly described that they are electrically connected, the same content as when it is only explicitly described that they are connected is disclosed in this specification and the like.

[0498] For example, when the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to X via Z1 (or without passing through Z1), and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y via Z2 (or without passing through Z2), or when the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is directly connected to a part of Z1, another part of Z1 is directly connected to X, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is directly connected to a part of Z2, and another part of Z2 is directly connected to Y, it can be expressed as follows.

[0499] For example, it can be expressed as "X, Y, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor are electrically connected to each other, and they are electrically connected in the order of X, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor, Y." Or it can be expressed as "The source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to X, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y, and X, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor, Y are electrically connected in this order." Or it can be expressed as "X is electrically connected to Y via the source (or the first terminal, etc.) and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor, and X, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor, Y are provided in this connection order." By stipulating the connection order in the circuit configuration using an expression method similar to these examples, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) can be distinguished to determine the technical scope.

[0500] Alternatively, as another way of expression, for example, it can be expressed as "The source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to X via at least the first connection path, the first connection path does not have the second connection path, the second connection path is a path between the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor via the transistor, the first connection path is a path via Z1, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y via at least the third connection path, the third connection path does not have the second connection path, and the third connection path is a path via Z2." Or it can be expressed as "The source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to X via Z1 by at least the first connection path, the first connection path does not have the second connection path, the second connection path has a connection path via the transistor, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y via Z2 by at least the third connection path, and the third connection path does not have the second connection path." Or it can be expressed as "The source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to X via Z1 by at least the first electrical path, the first electrical path does not have the second electrical path, the second electrical path is an electrical path from the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor to the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y via Z2 by at least the third electrical path, the third electrical path does not have the fourth electrical path, and the fourth electrical path is an electrical path from the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor to the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor." By defining the connection paths in the circuit configuration using an expression method similar to these examples, it is possible to distinguish between the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) and determine the technical scope.

[0501] Note that these expression methods are just examples and are not limited to these expression methods. Here, X, Y, Z1, and Z2 are assumed to be objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).

[0502] Note that even when components that are independent on the circuit diagram are shown as being electrically connected, there may be a case where one component has the functions of a plurality of components combined. For example, when a part of a wiring also functions as an electrode, one conductive film has the functions of both a wiring component and an electrode component. Therefore, the electrically connected in this specification includes such a case where one conductive film has the functions of a plurality of components combined within its scope.

Explanation of Reference Signs

[0503] AF1: Alignment film, AF2: Alignment film, ANO: Conductive film, C11: Capacitor element, C12: Capacitor element, C21: Capacitor element, C22: Capacitor element, CI: Control information, CSCOM: Conductive film, CP: Conductive material, DS: Detection information, GCLK: Signal, G1: Scanning line, G2: Scanning line, II: Input information, KB1: Structure, M: Transistor, P1: Position information, PWC1: Signal, PWC2: Signal, S1: Signal line, S2: Signal line, SP: Control signal, SW11: Switch, SW12: Switch, SW21: Switch, SW22: Switch, SW23: Switch, SW24: Switch, V0: Conductive film, V11: Information, VCOM1: Conductive film, VI: Image information, FPC1: Flexible printed circuit board, 10: Light source, 10A: Light source, 10B: Light source, 20: Optical element, 20A: Optical element, 20B: Optical element, 21: Prism, 21A: Diffusion plate, 22: Lens, 50: Light guide plate, 51: Surface, 52: Surface, 53: Surface, 54: Surface, 54R: Reflective film, 60: Intermediate layer, 200: Information processing device, 210: Arithmetic unit, 211: Arithmetic section, 212: Memory section, 213: Artificial intelligence section, 214: Transmission path, 215: Input / output interface, 220: Input / output device, 230: Display section, 231: Display area, 233: Control circuit, 234: Expansion circuit, 235: Image processing circuit, 238: Control section, 240: Input section, 241: Detection area, 250: Detection section, 290: Communication section, 501C: Insulating film, 504: Conductive film, 506: Insulating film, 508: Semiconductor film, 508A: Region, 508B: Region, 508C: Region, 510: Substrate, 512A: Conductive film, 512B: Conductive film, 516: Insulating film, 518: Insulating film, 519B: Terminal, 520: Functional layer, 521A: Insulating film, 521B: Insulating film, 524: Conductive film, 530: Pixel circuit, 591A: Opening, 700: Display panel, 700TP: Input / output panel, 702: Pixel, 705: Sealing material, 750: Display element, 751: Electrode, 752: Electrode, 753: Layer, 754: Conductive film, 770: Substrate, 770P: Functional film, 802: Detector, 5200B: Information processing device, 5210: Arithmetic unit, 5220: Input / output device, 5230: Display section, 5240: Input section, 5250: Detection section, 5290: Communication section

Claims

【Claim 1】 A light guide plate, a display panel, and an intermediate layer, comprising: The light guide plate includes a first surface and a second surface, The first surface is irradiated with light from an optical element, The second surface has a function of distributing the light, The second surface is in contact with the intermediate layer, The second surface has a first refractive index in a region in contact with the intermediate layer, The display panel faces the second surface, The display panel is in contact with the intermediate layer, The display panel has a function of scattering the distributed light, The intermediate layer has a region sandwiched between the second surface and the display panel, The intermediate layer has a second refractive index in a region in contact with the second surface, The second refractive index is smaller than the first refractive index, a display device, The optical element includes a first lens and a second lens, The first lens has a first curved surface, The first curved surface has a first radius of curvature in a plane including the thickness direction of the light guide plate, The first curved surface has a second radius of curvature in a plane including the width direction intersecting the thickness direction, The second radius of curvature is larger than the first radius of curvature, The second lens has a second curved surface, The second curved surface has a third radius of curvature in a plane including the thickness direction, The third radius of curvature is different from the first radius of curvature, The second curved surface has a fourth radius of curvature in a plane including the width direction, The fourth radius of curvature is larger than the third radius of curvature, a display device.

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