Fluid drainage devices, systems and methods

Abstract

Disclosed is a drainage device for draining bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, as well as methods of forming the drainage device and using the drainage device to treat glaucoma. The drainage device is at least partially implantable within the tissue of the eye and includes a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit. When collapsed, the body portion includes a first planar state that transforms to a second non-planar state, which can be a folded, deformed, bent, or wrinkled state.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 298,854, filed January 12, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

[0002] Field The present disclosure relates generally to devices, systems, and methods for draining bodily fluids and diverting the fluid to be reabsorbed elsewhere within the body. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to devices, systems, and methods for draining aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of a patient's eye so that it can be reabsorbed into the body. [Background technology]

[0003] background Various medical interventions involve draining excess fluid from one part of the body and redirecting it to another part of the body where it can be reabsorbed. In certain instances, this drainage is achieved through minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and choroid plexus ablation (CPC). In other instances, this drainage is achieved postoperatively through implantable medical devices such as shunts. Various forms of shunts have proven useful in a variety of medical procedures and are used to treat many diseases, such as hydrocephalus and glaucoma.

[0004] If left untreated, excess fluid can lead to an unhealthy buildup of pressure. For example, glaucoma is a progressive eye disease characterized by elevated intraocular pressure. Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and contributes to intraocular pressure, or intraocular fluid pressure. This elevated intraocular pressure is usually caused by an insufficient amount of aqueous humor being absorbed into the body. In some instances, aqueous humor is not absorbed quickly enough, or even at all, while in other instances, aqueous humor is additionally or alternatively produced too quickly. Elevated intraocular pressure is accompanied by a gradual, sometimes permanent, loss of vision in the affected eye.

[0005] Many attempts have been made to treat glaucoma. However, some conventional devices are relatively bulky and lack the flexibility, compliance, and device / tissue adhesion necessary to avoid relative movement between the device and surrounding tissue. Such movement can result in continuous irritation of the surrounding tissue, potentially causing irritation at the implant site. This irritation can then lead to increased chronic inflammatory tissue response, excessive scarring at the device site, and an increased risk of device erosion due to conjunctivitis and endophthalmitis. Scar tissue effectively prevents aqueous humor reabsorption without erosion. These complications can prevent the device from functioning properly. This results in a gradual increase in intraocular pressure and progression of glaucoma.

[0006] 1A and 1B illustrate a glaucoma drainage device 100 as known in the art. The device 100 includes a plate body 102 that defines a surface along which drained fluid (aqueous humor) flows, and a drainage tube 104 that allows the fluid (aqueous humor) to flow over the surface of the plate body. The plate body 102 has a maximum thickness "t1," which in the illustrated example is 2.1 mm, and is made from medical-grade silicone that lacks the flexibility to conform to the curvature of the eye during implantation. Thus, the plate body 102 has a preformed (i.e., prior to implantation) curvature (defined by dashed line CC in FIG. 1B ) that approximates the curvature of the surface of the eye. Because the curvature CC is fixed and the same for all glaucoma drainage devices, in some cases it may not accommodate the unique curvature of each patient's eye.

[0007] See Figures 1C-1H for an exemplary procedure for implanting a glaucoma drainage device 100 into a patient's ocular tissue. In Figure 1C, a fornix-based incision 17 is made in the conjunctiva 13 of the patient's eye 10 using a scalpel. In Figure 1D, the plate body 102 of the glaucoma drainage device 100 is inserted into the tissue pocket created by the incision 17, with the entire plate body 102 positioned within the tissue pocket and a portion of the drainage tubing 104 remaining outside the pocket. In Figure 1E, the plate body 102 is inserted into the tissue pocket created by the incision 17, with the entire plate body 102 positioned within the tissue pocket and a portion of the drainage tubing 104 remaining outside the pocket. In Figure 1E, the portion of the drainage tubing 104 exposed outside the pocket is trimmed, allowing the tubing 104 to be inserted 2-3 mm into the anterior chamber (AC). In FIG. 1F, a puncture is performed and a sharp needle 19, e.g., a 23-gauge needle, is inserted into the AC, creating a needle track parallel to the iris, with the trimmed end of the drainage tube 104 remaining outside the ocular tissue. In FIG. 1G, the drainage tube 104 is inserted approximately 2-3 mm into the AC through the needle track created in FIG. 1F. In FIG. 1H, the exposed portion of the drainage tube 104 remaining outside the ocular tissue is then covered with a patch graft or covering 106. The patch graft or covering 106 can be a piece of preserved sclera, donor sclera, pericardium, cornea, or other suitable patch graft material. The patch graft or covering 106 is then sutured into place, and the conjunctiva 13 is closed.

[0008] In the conventional device 100, the plate body 102 has a rigid structure that allows a user to hold any portion of the plate body 102 using a tool, such as medical tweezers, hemostats, or other suitable medical implement for holding the plate body 102, and while holding the plate body 102 with the medical implement, the user can push the plate body 102 into the tissue pocket created by the incision 17, as shown in FIG. 1D . In this way, the conventional device 100 utilizes the rigidity of the plate body 102 for the implantation procedure, and the implantation method as described in FIG. 1D is not suitable for thin materials that are highly flexible and collapsible (e.g., foldable, deformable, bendable, or wrinkleable, i.e., crinkly) because the pushing action can result in improper placement of the device or improper alignment of components, making it difficult, if not impossible, for the user to insert the device using the pushing method. Similarly, prior art devices 100 rely on slippery or low friction surfaces on the device to facilitate the pushing insertion method; therefore, devices with high surface friction will encounter resistance to the pushing action and are more likely to deform during the implant procedure due to the high friction causing the device to collapse (e.g., bend, fold, buckle, deform, or wrinkle).

[0009] Furthermore, it is desirable for the device to be of a sufficiently thin construction, as this allows for a low profile and minimizes adverse tissue effects. Thus, there is a need for a glaucoma drainage device with a thin, flexible body that can be inserted into ocular tissue while avoiding device collapse and displacement in situ, and that overcomes the aforementioned limitations of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Abstract Disclosed herein are drainage devices for draining fluid from the eye to tissue surrounding the eye, as well as methods for forming the drainage devices at least partially implantable within the tissue of the eye, and methods for using the drainage devices to treat glaucoma.

[0011] According to one example ("Example 1"), a drainage device is configured to drain bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, the drainage device being at least partially implantable within the tissue of the eye, the drainage device including a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit. The collapsible body portion includes a configuration in which the body portion transforms from a first planar state to a second, non-planar state when collapsed. In situ, the second, non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state. During implantation, the collapsible body portion includes at least one temporary reinforcement element that maintains the collapsible body portion in the first planar state. In some examples, the collapsible body portion can include one or more of at least one temporary reinforcement element that maintains the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during the implant procedure, or a retention portion defined by the collapsible body portion and sized and positioned to transmit a tensile force to the collapsible body portion to maintain the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during the implant procedure.

[0012] According to one example ("Example 2"), further to Example 1, the collapsible body portion includes a delivery member conduit formed on an outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the temporary reinforcement element is at least one flexible wire partially received within the delivery member conduit.

[0013] According to one example ("Example 3"), in addition to Example 2, the delivery member conduit is positioned along the periphery of the reservoir or the periphery of the body member.

[0014] According to one example ("Example 4"), in addition to Example 3, the delivery member conduit is disposed between the periphery of the reservoir and the periphery of the body member.

[0015] According to one example ("Example 5"), further to Examples 3 or 4, the delivery member conduit includes a first opening configured to receive a first temporary reinforcement element and a second opening configured to receive a second temporary reinforcement element.

[0016] According to one example ("Example 6"), further to Example 5, the first temporary reinforcement element and the second temporary reinforcement element are configured to overlap within the delivery member conduit.

[0017] According to another example ("Example 7"), further to Example 1, the temporary reinforcement element is attached to the outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the temporary reinforcement element comprises an absorbent material that is capable of adsorbing to the tissue of the eye in which the drainage device is implanted.

[0018] According to another example ("Example 8"), in addition to Example 1, the reservoir can receive a portion of a temporary reinforcement element via a conduit to facilitate delivery of a drainage device to be implanted into the eye tissue, and the temporary reinforcement element can be retracted from the reservoir after the drainage device has been implanted.

[0019] According to one example ("Example 9"), in addition to any one of the examples above, the collapsible body portion is made from a microporous material.

[0020] According to one example ("Example 10"), in addition to Example 9, the microporous material is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).

[0021] According to one example ("Example 11"), further to Examples 9 or 10, the microporous material includes multiple subsections with different pore sizes.

[0022] According to one example ("Example 12"), further to Example 11, the microporous material facilitates absorption of bodily fluids from the reservoir that are released into the external environment surrounding the collapsible body portion.

[0023] According to one example ("Example 13"), further to Example 12, the microporous material reduces tissue ingrowth from the external environment into the reservoir.

[0024] According to one example ("Example 14"), in addition to any one of the examples above, the first planar state is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye.

[0025] According to one example ("Example 15"), in addition to any one of the above examples, the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

[0026] According to one example ("Example 16"), in addition to Example 15, the collapsible body portion deforms in response to external frictional forces generated by eye tissue when a directional force is applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

[0027] According to one example ("Example 17"), in addition to any one of the above examples, the collapsible body portion has a first length in an uncollapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed.

[0028] According to one example ("Example 18"), further to Example 17, the third length is less than or equal to about 90% of the first length.

[0029] According to one example ("Example 19"), in addition to any one of the examples above, the collapsible body portion is formed by at least partially bonding a peripheral edge of a first body layer to a peripheral edge of a second body layer.

[0030] According to one example ("Example 20"), in addition to any one of the examples above, the collapsible body portion includes at least one suture hole configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue.

[0031] According to one example ("Example 21"), in addition to any one of the examples above, the collapsible body portion further includes at least one marker for marking the position of the conduit along the body portion.

[0032] According to one example ("Example 22"), in addition to any of Examples 2 to 6 above, the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy.

[0033] According to one example ("Example 23"), further to the examples above, the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the perimeter of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty.

[0034] According to one example ("Example 24"), a drainage device is configured to drain bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, the drainage device being at least partially implantable within the tissue of the eye, the drainage device including a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir and a retention portion, and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid to the conduit. The collapsible body portion includes a retention portion that transforms the body portion from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed. In situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state. The retention portion of the collapsible body portion is sized and arranged to transmit a tensile force to the collapsible body portion to maintain the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during implantation.

[0035] According to one example ("Example 25"), in addition to Example 24, the pulling force is provided by a delivery member that engages with the holding portion.

[0036] According to one example ("Example 26"), in addition to Example 25, the retention portion is a pocket partially formed in the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member has a curved portion at its distal end, the curved portion being partially received in the pocket.

[0037] According to one example ("Example 27"), in addition to any one of Examples 24-26, the first planar state is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye.

[0038] According to one example ("Example 28"), in addition to any one of Examples 24 to 27, the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

[0039] According to one example ("Example 29"), further to Example 29, the collapsible body portion deforms in response to external frictional forces generated by eye tissue when a directional force is applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

[0040] According to one example ("Example 30"), in addition to any one of Examples 24 to 29, the collapsible body portion has a first length in a non-collapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed.

[0041] According to one example ("Example 31"), further to Example 30, the third length is less than or equal to about 90% of the first length.

[0042] According to one example ("Example 32"), in addition to any one of Examples 24 to 31, the collapsible body portion is formed by at least partially bonding a peripheral edge of the first body layer to a peripheral edge of the second body layer.

[0043] According to one example ("Example 33"), in addition to any one of Examples 24 to 32, the collapsible body portion includes at least one suture hole configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue.

[0044] According to one example ("Example 34"), in addition to any one of Examples 24 to 33, the collapsible body portion further includes at least one marker for marking the position of the conduit along the body portion.

[0045] According to one example ("Example 35"), in addition to examples 25 or 26, the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy.

[0046] According to one example ("Example 36"), in addition to any one of Examples 24-35, the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the perimeter of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty.

[0047] According to one example ("Example 37"), a method for forming an at least partially implantable drainage device within ocular tissue includes disposing one or more layers of material to form a collapsible body portion having a reservoir defined therein, the reservoir configured to receive and accumulate bodily fluid, and securing a conduit to the reservoir such that a first end of the conduit is fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end of the conduit is deliverable into the eye, thereby facilitating drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit.

[0048] According to one example ("Example 38"), in addition to Example 37, the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

[0049] According to one example ("Example 39"), in addition to Example 38, the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to be deformed by an external frictional force generated by applying a directional force to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

[0050] According to one example ("Example 40"), further to Examples 38 or 39, the collapsible body portion has a recovery force that is less than a minimum force required to at least temporarily overcome a force exerted by an entrance into the eye tissue to at least partially insert the body portion into the eye tissue.

[0051] According to one example ("Example 41"), in addition to any one of Examples 37 to 40, the collapsible body portion has a first length in an uncollapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed.

[0052] According to one example ("Example 42"), further to Example 41, the third length is less than or equal to about 90% of the first length.

[0053] According to one example ("Example 43"), in addition to any one of Examples 37-42, the one or more layers of material include a first body layer and a second body layer. The method further includes at least partially adhering a periphery of the first body layer to a periphery of the second body layer to form the collapsible body portion.

[0054] According to one example ("Example 44"), in addition to any one of Examples 37-43, the method further includes forming at least one suture hole in the collapsible body portion configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue.

[0055] According to one example ("Example 45"), in addition to any one of Examples 37 to 44, the method further includes forming at least one marker on the collapsible body portion configured to mark the position of the conduit along the body portion.

[0056] According to one example ("Example 46"), in addition to any one of Examples 37-45, the method includes providing at least one support member to facilitate delivery so that the drainage device to be implanted into the ocular tissue can be placed in a planar, non-collapsed state, wherein the at least one support member comprises an absorbent material configured to adhere to the ocular tissue into which the drainage device is to be implanted; and attaching the at least one support member to an outer surface of the collapsible body portion.

[0057] According to one example ("Example 47"), further to any one of Examples 37-45, the method includes inserting a portion of a delivery member into the reservoir through the conduit to facilitate delivery of a drainage device implanted in ocular tissue to be positioned in a planar, non-collapsed configuration. The delivery member can be retracted from the reservoir after the drainage device is implanted.

[0058] According to one example ("Example 48"), further to examples 46 or 47, the planar configuration is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye.

[0059] According to one example ("Example 49"), in addition to any one of Examples 37-48, the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy.

[0060] According to one example ("Example 50"), in addition to any one of Examples 37-49, the collapsible body portion comprises a microporous material.

[0061] According to one example ("Example 51"), further to Example 50, the microporous material includes multiple subsections with varying porosity.

[0062] According to one example ("Example 52"), further to examples 50 or 51, the microporous material facilitates absorption of bodily fluids from the reservoir that are released into an external environment surrounding the collapsible body portion.

[0063] According to one example ("Example 53"), further to Example 52, the microporous material reduces tissue ingrowth from the external environment into the reservoir.

[0064] According to one example ("Example 54"), in addition to any one of Examples 37-46, the method further includes forming a delivery member retaining portion on the collapsible body portion, the delivery member retaining portion being disposed outside of and separate from the reservoir, the delivery member retaining portion being configured to at least partially receive a delivery member to facilitate delivery of the drainage device to an eye tissue.

[0065] According to one example ("Example 55"), in addition to Example 54, the delivery member holding portion is a pocket partially formed in the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member has a curved portion at its distal end that can be at least partially received by the pocket.

[0066] According to one example ("Example 56"), in addition to Example 54, the delivery member holding portion is a delivery member conduit formed on the outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member is at least one flexible wire partially receivable within the delivery member conduit.

[0067] According to one example ("Example 57"), in addition to Example 56, the method further includes disposing the delivery member conduit along a periphery of the reservoir or a periphery of the body member.

[0068] According to one example ("Example 58"), in addition to Example 57, the method further includes disposing the delivery member conduit between a periphery of the reservoir and a periphery of the body member.

[0069] According to one example ("Example 59"), in addition to Examples 57 or 58, the delivery member conduit includes a first opening configured to receive a first flexible wire and a second opening configured to receive a second flexible wire.

[0070] According to one example ("Example 60"), in addition to Example 59, the method further includes inserting the first flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through the first opening and inserting the second flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through the second opening such that the first flexible wire and the second flexible wire overlap within the delivery member conduit during delivery of the drainage device.

[0071] According to one example ("Example 61"), in addition to any one of Examples 37 to 46, the collapsible body portion is configured to be delivered to eye tissue in a folded configuration using a delivery member, and then released from the folded configuration for implantation.

[0072] According to one example ("Example 62"), in addition to any one of Examples 37 to 46, the collapsible body portion is configured to be delivered to eye tissue in a surrounding configuration using a delivery member, and then released from the surrounding configuration for implantation.

[0073] According to one example ("Example 63"), in addition to any one of Examples 37-62, the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the periphery of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty.

[0074] According to one example ("Example 64"), a method of treating glaucoma using a drainage device includes removably coupling at least a portion of a delivery member to a collapsible body portion of the drainage device, wherein the collapsible body portion defines a reservoir arranged to receive and accumulate bodily fluid via a first end of a conduit fluidly coupled to the reservoir; delivering the coupled drainage device to a tissue pocket of the eye to place the collapsible body portion in a planar configuration and in an uncollapsed state; retracting the delivery member from the drainage device to deploy the drainage device and implant it at least partially within the tissue of the eye; and inserting a second end of the conduit into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit.

[0075] According to one example ("Example 65"), in addition to Example 64, the planar configuration is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye.

[0076] According to one example ("Example 66"), in addition to Examples 64 or 65, the collapsible body portion has a first length in an unfolded state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a folded state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed.

[0077] According to one example ("Example 67"), further to Example 66, the third length is less than or equal to about 85% of the first length.

[0078] According to one example ("Example 68"), in addition to any one of Examples 64 to 67, the method further includes attaching the drainage device to eye tissue using at least one suture attached to at least one suture hole in the collapsible body portion of the drainage device.

[0079] According to one example ("Example 69"), in addition to any one of Examples 64-68, releasably coupling at least a portion of the delivery member to the collapsible body portion of the drainage device includes inserting a portion of the delivery member through the conduit and into the reservoir to facilitate delivery of the drainage device for implantation into eye tissue. After the drainage device is implanted, the delivery member is retracted from the reservoir.

[0080] According to one example ("Example 70"), in addition to any one of Examples 64-69, the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy.

[0081] According to one example ("Example 71"), in addition to any one of Examples 64-70, releasably coupling at least a portion of the delivery member to the collapsible body portion of the drainage device includes at least partially inserting the delivery member into a delivery member retaining portion formed on the collapsible body portion, the delivery member retaining portion being disposed outside of and separated from the reservoir.

[0082] According to one example ("Example 72"), further to example 71, the delivery member retaining portion is a pocket at least partially formed in the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member has a curved portion at a distal end that can be at least partially received by the pocket.

[0083] According to one example ("Example 73"), further to example 71, the delivery member retaining portion is a delivery member conduit formed on an outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member is at least one flexible wire at least partially receivable within the delivery member conduit.

[0084] According to one example ("Example 74"), further to example 73, the delivery member conduit is disposed along the periphery of the reservoir or the periphery of the body member.

[0085] According to one example ("Example 75"), further to example 74, the delivery member conduit is disposed between a periphery of the reservoir and a periphery of the body member.

[0086] According to one example ("Example 76"), in addition to any one of Examples 73 to 75, at least partially inserting the delivery member into the delivery member holding portion includes inserting the first flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through a first opening of the delivery member conduit and inserting the second flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through a second opening of the delivery member conduit such that the first flexible wire and the second flexible wire overlap within the delivery member conduit during delivery of the drainage device.

[0087] According to one example ("Example 77"), further to any one of Examples 64-76, the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the periphery of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty.

[0088] According to one example ("Example 78"), a drainage device is configured to drain bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, the drainage device being at least partially implantable within eye tissue, the drainage device including a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit. The collapsible body portion includes a body portion that, when collapsed, transforms from a first planar state to a second, non-planar state. In situ, the second, non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state.

[0089] The foregoing examples are exemplary only and should not be construed as limiting or narrowing the scope of any of the inventive concepts provided by the present disclosure. While multiple examples are disclosed, still other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative examples. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0090] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrating embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0091] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A is a top view of a conventional glaucoma drainage device.

[0092] [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is a side view of the conventional glaucoma drainage device of FIG. 1A.

[0093] [Figure 1C] FIG. 1C illustrates a method of implanting the conventional glaucoma drainage device of FIG. 1A. [Figure 1D] FIG. 1D illustrates a method of implanting the conventional glaucoma drainage device of FIG. 1A. [Figure 1E] FIG. 1E illustrates a method of implanting the conventional glaucoma drainage device of FIG. 1A. [Figure 1F] FIG. 1F illustrates a method of implanting the conventional glaucoma drainage device of FIG. 1A. [Figure 1G] FIG. 1G illustrates a method of implanting the conventional glaucoma drainage device of FIG. 1A. [Figure 1H] FIG. 1H illustrates a method of implanting the conventional glaucoma drainage device of FIG. 1A.

[0094] [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional side view of an eye having an implanted drainage device consistent with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0095] [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional top view of the drainage device of FIG. 2A according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0096] [Figure 2C] FIG. 2C is a top view of the drainage device of FIG. 2A according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0097] [Figure 2D] FIG. 2D is a side view of the drainage device of FIG. 2A according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0098] [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A is a top view of a drainage device according to some embodiments disclosed herein.

[0099] [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the drainage device of FIG. 3A with a delivery member engaged, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0100] [Figure 3C] FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional side view of the drainage device of FIG. 3A according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0101] [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A is a top view of a drainage device according to some embodiments disclosed herein.

[0102] [Figure 4B]FIG. 4B is a top view of the drainage device of FIG. 4A with one or more delivery members extending through its delivery member conduit, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0103] [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A is a top view of a drainage device according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0104] [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a top view of a drainage device according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0105] [Figure 6A] FIG. 6A is a top view of a drainage device according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0106] [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B is a top view of a drainage device according to certain embodiments disclosed herein.

[0107] [Figure 7A] FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional top view of a drainage device with a delivery member according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0108] [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional top view of a drainage device with an alternative delivery member according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0109] [Figure 7C] FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional top view of a drainage device with yet another delivery member according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0110] [Figure 8A]8A-8D are images of drainage devices implanted in ocular tissue in different configurations, according to embodiments disclosed herein. [Figure 8B] 8A and 8B are images of drainage devices implanted in ocular tissue in different configurations according to embodiments disclosed herein. [Figure 8C] 8A-8C are images of drainage devices implanted in ocular tissue in different configurations according to embodiments disclosed herein. [Figure 8D] 8A-8D are images of drainage devices implanted in ocular tissue in different configurations according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0111] [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a detailed view of the microstructure of the drainage device of FIG. 3C according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0112] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a manufacturing method consistent with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0113] [Figure 11] 11A-11B are flowcharts of methods of use consistent with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0114] [Figure 12] 12A-12C are side views of a drainage device when an external force is applied to collapse the drainage device and after the external force is removed, according to some embodiments disclosed herein.

[0115] [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a side view of a drainage device that is partially collapsed as the drainage device is pushed forward to be inserted into the eye tissue, according to some embodiments disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0116] Detailed Description Definitions and Terminology The present disclosure should not be construed in a limiting sense. For example, the terms used in this application should be interpreted broadly in accordance with the meanings that those skilled in the art would ascribe to such terms.

[0117] With respect to the term imprecision, the terms "about" and "approximately" may be used interchangeably to refer to measurements that include the stated measurement and also measurements that are reasonably close to the stated measurement. A measurement that is reasonably close to the stated measurement deviates from the stated measurement by a reasonably small amount, as understood and easily ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. Such deviations may result from, for example, measurement error, differences in calibration of measuring and / or manufacturing equipment, human error in reading and / or setting measurements, small adjustments made to optimize performance and / or structural parameters to account for differences in measurements associated with other components, specific implementation scenarios, imprecise adjustment and / or manipulation of objects by humans or machines, and / or the like. If it is determined that such a reasonably small difference would not be easily ascertainable by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, the terms "about" and "approximately" may be understood to mean plus or minus 10% of the stated value.

[0118] Description of Various Embodiments Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the various aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented by any number of methods and apparatus configured to perform the intended functions. It should also be noted that the accompanying drawings referred to herein are not necessarily drawn to scale and may be exaggerated to illustrate various aspects of the present disclosure, and in that regard, the drawings should not be construed as limiting.

[0119] As described herein, there is a need for a thin, flexible device that provides drainage and can be implanted into ocular tissue for the treatment of glaucoma. Such a device can easily conform to the contours of the ocular surface without requiring a preformed curvature in the device's construction, allowing a single device to conform to the contours of any patient's ocular surface, thereby eliminating the need to measure the patient's eye prior to the implantation procedure and then manufacture a custom-fit device for the patient's eye. Other advantages of using a thin, flexible device will be recognized by those skilled in the art based on this disclosure.

[0120] Various features of the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein can be seen in Figures 2A-2D, 3A-3C, 4A-4B, 5A-5B, 6A-6B, and 7A-7C. Aspects of the present disclosure relate to bodily fluid drainage devices, systems, and methods. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to devices, systems, and methods for draining aqueous humor from the anterior chamber "AC" of a patient's eye 10 so that the aqueous humor can be reabsorbed elsewhere in the body.

[0121] To that end, Figure 2A is a diagram of an eye 10 having a subconjunctival space 11 between the conjunctiva 13 and the sclera 15 of the eye 10. Implanted within the eye 10 is a drainage system comprising a drainage device 200 according to the principles of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, a mechanism is provided to reabsorb aqueous humor drained from the anterior chamber "AC" of the eye 10 to reduce or otherwise stabilize intraocular pressure. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention are useful in other applications where drainage of fluid for redirection within the body is desired.

[0122] 2B-2D illustrate a drainage device 200 for treating glaucoma, according to some embodiments. As illustrated therein, the glaucoma drainage device 200 includes a body portion 202 having a first side 218 and a second side 220, according to some examples. When the drainage device 200 is implanted, the second side 220 faces toward the eye, and the first side 218 faces away from the eye. In some examples, the body portion 202 assumes a planar configuration (also referred to as a "first planar state") and is collapsible, i.e., wrinkleable, such that it is foldable, deformable, bendable, or wrinkleable (the collapsed configuration is also referred to as a "second non-planar state"). It should be understood that the term "plane" can refer to a plane that conforms to a different geometry, such as a Euclidean plane or a generally spherical shape. In this case, the plane refers to the two-dimensional surface of a sphere resembling the eye. Thus, the planar configuration of the drainage device can exhibit a flat shape or a shape that has a contour or curvature, for example, that generally matches the contour or curvature of the surface of the eye.

[0123] In some examples, the first side 218 and the second side 220 each comprise separately formed layers that are attached or bonded to one another to form the body portion 202. While described below with reference to the suction conduit 206, it should be understood that the drainage device 200 can be a standalone product so long as a portion thereof is configured to receive fluid (e.g., directly from an incision, from the conduit 206, etc.) and, therefore, should not be considered outside the scope of the present disclosure. The drainage device 200 can have the suction conduit 206 fluidly coupled to it. The suction conduit 206, when implanted, extends from the anterior chamber "AC" of the eye 10 to the drainage device 200. Aqueous humor in the anterior chamber "AC" then flows through the suction conduit 206 to the drainage device 200.

[0124] In some instances, only second side 220 can be present on body portion 202 such that suction conduit 206 is disposed on the side of second side 220 that faces away from the eye. In some instances, the presence of only second side 220 is sufficient to maintain a bleb in position beneath the outer surface tissue of eye 10 (i.e., conjunctiva 13) that forms during a treatment procedure or closure. In some instances, second side 220 is thin and flexible such that second side 220 is collapsible (e.g., foldable, deformable, bendable, or wrinkleable) or otherwise has the structural characteristics described herein for body portion 202.

[0125] The material selection of the drainage device 200 can contribute to its functionality and relatively low profile compared to other devices known in the art. The drainage device 200 can comprise biocompatible materials, including microporous materials such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), as described below. The aspiration conduit 206 is flexible and can comprise biocompatible materials suitable for use in the construction of elongate members. Suitable materials include silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic, polyurethane, silastic, and metal. This configuration of the drainage device 200 is particularly useful for surgical implant procedures. In some examples, the drainage device 200 has a maximum thickness "t2" of less than about 1 mm, less than about 0.8 mm, less than about 0.5 mm, less than about 0.3 mm, less than about 0.1 mm (100 microns), less than about 80 microns, less than about 50 microns, less than about 30 microns, less than about 10 microns, or any suitable value or range therebetween. The maximum thickness is measured when the reservoir is empty and unexpanded.

[0126] Generally, surgical implantation of a drainage device, such as drainage device 200, carries the risk of abnormal pressure within eye 10. For example, when a drainage device is surgically implanted, such as during a procedure requiring the creation of a bleb beneath the outer surface tissue of eye 10 (i.e., conjunctiva 13), the surrounding tissue emerging from the surgical wound does not provide appreciable flow resistance to aqueous humor flow until sufficient wound healing has occurred. During this early postoperative period, the patient is at risk for hypotony (e.g., too low an intraocular pressure) in eye 10. To avoid hypotony, measures are taken to manage flow through drainage device 200 for a period of time. For example, surgeons conventionally "tie" a portion of aspiration conduit 206 near its proximal end for a period of time, and then release the tie after sufficient healing of the surgical wound has occurred and the surrounding tissue provides the necessary flow resistance. In certain commercially available glaucoma shunt devices, a restrictive flow "valve" is added to aspiration conduit 206 distal to the plate portion. However, these devices are relatively rigid and bulky and can still cause hypotony. Conversely, drainage devices, systems, and methods according to the principles of the present disclosure advantageously include low-profile devices that create flow resistance that is appreciable early postoperatively to avoid hypotony.

[0127] In this example, the drainage device 200 is positioned in the subconjunctival space 11 between the conjunctiva 13 and the sclera 15 of the eye 10. The drainage system 200 may be oriented such that the first layer 218 extends along the sclera 15 and the second layer 220 extends along the conjunctiva 13. It is understood that the portion of the second layer 220 that interfaces with the conjunctiva 13 may be configured to promote or allow tissue ingrowth, as described below. It is also understood that the portion of the first layer 218 that interfaces with the sclera 15 may additionally or alternatively be configured to promote or allow tissue ingrowth, as described below. Such a configuration helps minimize relative movement between the drainage device 200 and surrounding tissue.

[0128] In configurations where the drainage device has only a single layer (i.e., no first side 218, only second side 220), the device can be positioned such that the first surface of the single layer faces the eye and the second surface of the single layer is positioned away from the eye. In some instances, the reservoir of the drainage device remains open, allowing fluid entering the aspiration conduit 206 to flow out into the environment surrounding the drainage device without being trapped within the drainage device.

[0129] Additionally, an aspiration conduit 206 extends from the drainage device 200 and extends through a scleral access, perforation, or hole "H" (e.g., created by a physician during an implantation procedure using known methods), with a first end 208 (e.g., distal end) fluidly coupled to a reservoir 204 within (at least partially defined by) the body portion 202 and a second end 210 (e.g., proximal end) accessing the anterior chamber "AC" and shown communicating the port with the anterior chamber. In some embodiments, upon implantation, aqueous humor enters the second end 210 of the aspiration conduit 206 and travels to the first end 208 of the aspiration conduit 206, which is in fluid communication with the drainage device 200. The body portion 202 and the aspiration conduit 206 together can define a flow path for drainage through the drainage device 200. In some embodiments, the first end 208 is positioned within the drainage device 200 so that the discharged aqueous humor enters the reservoir 204 defined within the drainage device 200 and penetrates various diffusion membranes of the drainage device 200, where it can be absorbed by surrounding tissue and / or ingrowth tissue.

[0130] In some examples, the aspiration conduit 206 is positioned along a longitudinal axis LL of the drainage device 200, for example, extending through the center of the drainage device 200. In some examples, the body portion 202 of the drainage device 200 includes a flap 214 formed continuously from the same material that comprises the body portion 202, such that the flap 214 and the body portion 202 define a unitary component. The flap 214 defines an opening 212 through which the conduit 206 can be inserted, and the portion of the flap 214 surrounding the conduit 206 can be bonded to prevent fluid in the reservoir 204 from leaking through the opening 212. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 2D as viewed along the longitudinal axis LL, the opening 212 surrounding the conduit 206 can be left partially open to allow excess fluid in the reservoir 204 to properly escape. The flap 214 can function as a patch graft or covering component to cover the exposed portion of the conduit 206 that remains outside the ocular tissue, and then, after the drainage device 200 is implanted, the flap 214 can be sutured in place and the conjunctiva 13 closed. The body portion 202 has a first length "L1," also referred to as its overall length when unfolded flat. Length L1 can be measured from a first end, such as the end of the body portion 202 where the flap 214 begins or the end where the conduit 206 reaches the reservoir 204, to an opposite second end, such as the top of the body portion 202 furthest from the first end. Measurements can be made along the longitudinal axis or parallel to the longitudinal axis. Also shown is a transverse axis TT that intersects the longitudinal axis LL. By definition, the transverse axis is not parallel to the longitudinal axis. The transverse axis can intersect the longitudinal axis at any suitable angle, such as an acute, perpendicular, or obtuse angle.

[0131] In some examples, adhesive 216 is applied to first layer 218 or second layer 220 between periphery 222 of body portion 202 and periphery 224 of reservoir 204. First layer 218 and second layer 220 are adhered to one another to form body portion 202.

[0132] 3A-3C illustrate another example of a drainage device 300 according to some embodiments disclosed herein. The drainage device 300 includes a body portion 202 and a conduit 206. The body portion 202 further includes a delivery member retaining portion 302 formed in the body portion between the peripheral edge 222 and the peripheral edge 224. The retaining portion 302 is any suitable feature that retains at least a portion of a delivery member to facilitate delivery of the drainage device 300 to a target location in the body, such as the treatment side of an eye. The retaining portion 302 can be, for example, a cavity, compartment, pocket, pouch, receptacle, or sack formed in the body portion 202 to at least partially receive at least a portion of any suitable delivery member, such as the delivery member 304 shown in FIG. 3B. Specifically, the delivery member 304 may resemble a spoon-like shape, i.e., the delivery member 304 may have a straight portion and a curved portion 306 at or near its distal end that is at least partially inserted into the retaining portion 302, such that when the delivery member 304 is pushed in one direction, the drainage device 300 advances in the same direction but follows the delivery member 304 in a pulling motion (due to a pulling force), facilitating delivery of the drainage device 300 to a target location without the drainage device experiencing excessive device collapse, e.g., excessive bending, folding, deformation, buckling, or wrinkling of the body portion. Thus, the retaining portion 302 may be appropriately sized and positioned to transfer a pulling force to the body portion 202 to maintain the body portion in a planar state during the implantation procedure. The pulling force may be supplied by the delivery member 304 when engaged with the retaining portion. In some examples, the delivery member 304 can be a Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) spoon, a double-ended orbital bulbar traction elevator sold by Rumex®, or any other appropriately sized surgical spatula known in the art.

[0133] 3C illustrates how retention portion 302 may be disposed separately from reservoir 204, such that retention portion 302 is not fluidly connected to inner surface 308 of body portion 202, but rather may be an extension of outer surface 310 of body portion 202. Inner surface 308 and outer surface 310 may refer to the surfaces of either first body layer 218 or second body layer 220 forming body portion 202. In some examples, there may be more than one such retention portion, such as multiple retention portions, each capable of receiving at least a portion of any suitable delivery member. In some examples, different retention portions may be configured to receive different types of delivery members.

[0134] 4A and 4B illustrate another example of a drainage device 400 according to some embodiments disclosed herein. The drainage device 400 includes a delivery member conduit 402 disposed on the exterior or outer surface 310 of the body portion 202 of the drainage device 400. The conduit 402 can be formed from any suitable material and have any suitable shape, such as a tubular or other hollow structure, so long as the conduit is configured to allow for releasable engagement with a reinforcing element or support member used during an implant procedure. The conduit 402 can be formed separately from the body portion 202 and then attached or bonded to the outer surface of the body portion 202 when forming the drainage device 400. The conduit 402 can be disposed between the peripheral edges 222 and 224. The conduit 402 has two openings, a first opening 404 and a second opening 406, that define opposite ends of the conduit 402. In some instances, the opening may be located in an intermediate portion of the conduit 402 between the ends. In some instances, there may be more than two openings in the conduit 402, such as when the conduit is formed from a series of "belt loops" or when the conduit is formed from multiple, shorter lengths of separately formed conduit aligned around the periphery of the body portion 202 rather than a single, continuous conduit.

[0135] In one embodiment, one or more support members 408 can be temporarily inserted into the conduit 402 through the first opening 404 and / or the second opening 406 to ensure structural stability during delivery of the drainage device 400, i.e., to prevent the drainage device 400 from wrinkling, folding, or bending during delivery. The support members 408 can be made using any suitable material that is rigid enough to maintain the structure of the drainage device 400 during delivery, and also flexible enough to allow the support members 408 to be inserted into the delivery member conduit 402 and conform to its internal structure (and curvature, etc.) without breaching the wall of the conduit 402 or deforming the conduit 402 and / or the drainage device 400. In some examples, the support members 408 can be one or more wires. In another example, the conduit 402 can provide a passageway for a reinforcing element (support member) that temporarily increases the stiffness of the device 400, such as a coiled wire that is axially twisted to a stiff configuration and untwisted to a relaxed configuration. In another example, the conduit 402 can be pressurized to increase the stiffness of the device 400 along the length of the pressurized conduit 402. Once the device 400 is in the target position, the pressure can be released, reducing or eliminating the stiffness of the device 400 and allowing the device 400 to fully relax.

[0136] FIG. 4B illustrates an example in which two wires 408 are inserted into the conduit 402 to support the drainage device 400 during delivery. Each wire 408 has axial strength or stiffness that allows the wires to be pushed or advanced distally without significant bending to advance the supported drainage device 400. For example, a first wire 408A can be inserted into the first opening 404 and a second wire 408B can be inserted into the second opening 406. Within the conduit 402, a portion of each wire can overlap a portion of the other wire. For example, the distal end of the first wire 408A extends to point "A" and the distal end of the second wire 408B extends to point "B," with an overlap of the two wires between points "A" and "B." The overlap can be beneficial to provide additional support to the distal portion of drainage device 400 (i.e., the portion proximal to the overlapping portion of the wires between points "A" and "B") when a user pushes drainage device 400 forward (distally) to deliver and implant the body portion of the drainage device into tissue. Once delivered, wires 408A and 408B can be pulled or retracted (proximally) to release drainage device 400 therefrom. Support members, reinforcing elements, or wires as described herein can also be referred to as "temporary reinforcing elements" that reinforce or maintain the collapsible body portion in a planar state. In some examples, the body portion 202 can optionally include both a retaining portion 302 (which can be, for example, a cavity, compartment, pocket, pouch, receptacle, or sack) of FIGS. 3A-C and a delivery member conduit 402 for receiving a wire 408 of FIGS. 4A-B to facilitate delivery of the drainage device using one or more delivery means or methods as described above.

[0137] 5A shows an example of a drainage device 200 having one or more holes 500 formed in the body portion 202 between the peripheral edges 222 and 224. The holes 500 are positioned proximal to the openings 212 in the body portion 202 and can be used as a visual indicator of the position and location of the openings 212 in the body portion 202 when the drainage device 200 is implanted. In some instances, one or more sutures can be passed through the holes 500 to secure the implanted drainage device 200 in a target location. The holes 500 are preferably positioned at the proximal end of the body portion 202 near the openings 212, which in some instances allows the device to be secured to tissue with sutures at the proximal end of the body portion 202 before, during, and / or after the expansion and contraction of the reservoir 204 of the body portion 202, while the distal end of the body portion 202 remains free to move relative to the securement.

[0138] 5B shows an example of a drainage device 200 in which, instead of holes 500, one or more markers 502 are used to identify the location of the openings 212. In some examples, the markers 502 can be radiopaque markers or colored markings disposed on the outer surface 310 of the drainage device 200 or between the layers 218 and 220 that form the body portion 202 of the drainage device 200.

[0139] 6A and 6B show an example of a drainage device 200 with an absorbent support member 600 disposed on the exterior surface 310 of the body portion 202 to provide structural support to the drainage device 200 during delivery. For example, there can be a single support member (as in FIG. 6A ) or multiple support members (as in FIG. 6B ) having a shape or configuration suitable to mitigate wrinkling or collapse, e.g., folding, deforming, bending, or wrinkling, of the drainage device 200 during delivery. The support members can have any suitable configuration, such as the cross-shaped configuration of FIG. 6A or linear members radiating from the center of the body portion 202 toward the periphery 222 of the body portion 202, as shown in FIG. 6B . In some examples, the absorbent support member 600 can partially or completely adsorb to the surrounding environment after a period of time. Accordingly, an absorbent support member as described herein can also be referred to as a “temporary reinforcement element.” In some embodiments, the absorbent support member 600 can be disposed within the reservoir 204 defined by the body portion 202 to provide support to the drainage device 200 during the implantation procedure. As can be appreciated, bodily fluids that enter the reservoir after the implantation procedure can dissolve the support member 600.

[0140] 7A-7C show examples of drainage devices 200 in which a support member is disposed within reservoir 204 during delivery. For example, in FIG. 7A, support member 700 (which can be a suitably flexible wire) can extend into reservoir 204 of drainage device 200, forming a curved portion 702 (resembling a question mark) that contacts peripheral edge 224 of reservoir 204 within drainage device 200, allowing a user to then deliver drainage device 200 to a target location without drainage device 200 wrinkling or collapsing (e.g., folding, deforming, bending, or creasing) during delivery.

[0141] In FIG. 7B, both ends of the support member 700 are located outside the drainage device 200, but the curved middle portion 702 of the support member 700 curves to conform to the periphery 224 of the reservoir 204, facilitating support of the drainage device 200 during delivery. In FIG. 7C, the support member 700 forms multiple curved middle portions 702A, 702B, and 702C, as shown, with a portion of each curved portion configured to contact the periphery 224 of the reservoir 204, preventing the drainage device 200 from wrinkling or collapsing (e.g., bending, deforming, flexing, or wrinkling) during delivery. In the above example, the support member 700 can enter and exit the reservoir 204 via the suction conduit 206, allowing the support member to be withdrawn from the drainage device 200 after delivery, for example, by pulling on one end of the support member, or in some cases, both ends of the support member. Thus, the support member as described herein may also be referred to as a "temporary stiffening element." As can be seen from the embodiment shown in Figures 7A-7C, the support member 700 may extend only in a plane aligned with the cross-sectional view of the drainage device 200. Alternatively, the support member 700 may extend in multiple directions toward and away from the eye to provide non-axial support to the device as it is axially inserted into place. Alternatively, the support member 700 may extend along a curved surface defined by the curvature of the eye, such as defined by the spherical shape of the eye.

[0142] 8A-8D illustrate different methods of implanting an exemplary embodiment of the drainage device 200 described in other embodiments as disclosed herein. In FIG. 8A, the drainage device 200 is laid flat and inserted into the cut or incision 17 in the eye tissue by holding the proximal end (or anterior edge near the suction conduit 206) using any suitable tool, such as toothless forceps, and advancing the drainage device 200 into the subconjunctival space formed by the incision 17, while holding the pocket open. A support member as disclosed herein can be implemented to prevent the device 200 from folding or bending on itself.

[0143] In FIG. 8B , forceps are used to hold the drainage device 200, grasping it so that the distal end (or trailing edge) of the device 200 is substantially parallel to the conduit 206. This method facilitates delivery of the device 200 to the desired depth with little or no unwanted longitudinal folding or bending, i.e., folding or bending along the longitudinal axis defined by the forceps (e.g., along the axial length LL shown in FIG. 2B ). In some instances, the drainage device 200 may fold or bend along the transverse axis TT (also shown in FIG. 2B ) during the procedure, but such folding or bending is less harmful than longitudinal folding or bending and can be corrected, for example, by using forceps or other tools to “smooth” such folding or bending after delivery.

[0144] 8C, the drainage device 200 is folded or bent axially (i.e., the folding or bending occurs along the longitudinal axis LL or a line parallel to the axis) and the forceps are used to grasp the distal end or posterior edge of the drainage device 200 so that the forceps are substantially parallel to the conduit 206. The device 200 is pushed into the subconjunctival space within the pocket formed by the incision 17. This method also facilitates delivery of the device 200 to the desired depth with little or no undesired axial folding or bending.

[0145] 8D, the drainage device 200 is grasped by one side edge with the forceps approximately parallel to the conduit 206. The device 200 is then rolled or wrapped around the body of the forceps and then pushed into the subconjunctival space. After inserting the device 200, it is unrolled or unwrapped in situ within the subconjunctival space. This method also facilitates delivery of the device 200 to the desired depth with sufficient axial stiffness and little or no undesirable axial folding or bending.

[0146] Body portion 202, or layers 218 and 220 forming body portion 202, may be fabricated using a microporous material. As one skilled in the art can appreciate with reference to Figure 9, the microporous aspects and parameters of a microporous material may be defined in a variety of ways. When a microporous material is applied to an ocular drainage device configured for in situ placement within ocular tissue to facilitate drainage of ocular fluids and maintain healthy intraocular pressure, the microporous properties of such a microporous material may generally be characterized by a volumetric porosity value, which may be defined as the ratio of the volume of air or fluid contained within the microporous material to the overall volume (or total volume) of the microporous material.

[0147] In another definition, volumetric porosity can be defined as the percentage of the volume of a microporous material that is occupied by non-structural or transient elements such as air or other fluids. For example, if the total volume is 100 mm 3 And 30mm of that 3 For microporous materials where the volume is composed of chambers that hold air or fluid, 30% of the volume of the microporous material is empty or temporary space filled with air or other fluid, resulting in a volumetric porosity value of 0.3.

[0148] As can be appreciated, two microporous materials can have the same volumetric porosity but different pore sizes presented to the inflow or outflow of air or fluid. For example, a first material can have a small number of large pores distributed over a certain overall volume, and a second material can have a larger number of relatively small pores distributed over the same fixed volume; if the air / fluid volumes of the two materials are the same, then both microporous materials can have the same volumetric porosity.

[0149] As can be further appreciated, the properties of microporous materials used in ocular drainage devices can be defined by the size of the passageways through the microporous material, as well as the pore size measured where the passageways terminate at the surface of the microporous material, or as the pore size measured along the length of the passageways within the material. Microporous materials with small pores or passageways can impede flow through the material, while relatively large pores or passageways can increase the passage of air or fluid into, out of, or within the microporous material.

[0150] As can be further appreciated, the properties of a microporous material can also be defined by the tortuosity of the passages into and through the material, with relatively small or large passages obstructing the fluid path due to the frequency of the tortuosity of the passages or the placement of obstacles within the fluid path. The air / fluid passage rate through a microporous material can be managed by controlling or defining any of the above properties of the material to provide a material suitable for use in ocular drainage applications.

[0151] For simplicity, the aforementioned properties and variables of the microporous materials used in the various embodiments and examples described herein may be expressed simply as volumetric porosity, pore or passage size, or porosity, which may be based on a tortuosity metric. Referring again to Figure 9, the interior of the microporous material may have a variety of porosities (or volumetric porosity, pore size, or tortuosity), as shown in Figure 9. Figure 9 is an enlarged view of the circled portion of the body portion 202 as shown in Figure 3C. The interior portion may extend between an inner surface 308 and an outer surface 310.

[0152] In any of these portions of the body portion 202, the porosity can be in the comparative ranges of small pore size (SP), small-medium pore size (MSP), medium pore size (MP), medium-large pore size (MLP), and large pore size (LP). For purposes of discussion herein, assuming that drainage passes through the microporous material along a relatively linear path, sequentially experiencing the porosities of the inner surface 308, the uniform interior portion, and the exterior surface 310, the composite flow resistance can be expressed by similarly connecting the respective porosities. For example, the inner surface 308 will typically have an overall low porosity (e.g., to reduce, prevent, or inhibit tissue ingrowth into the reservoirs 204), while portions of the interior portion and exterior surface 310 can have any of the aforementioned porosities. In such a situation, when the interior portion is of medium porosity, e.g., when the interior portion is of medium porosity and the exterior surface 310 is of high porosity, the flow path through the microporous material from the reservoirs 204 to the tissue surrounding the device can be expressed as SP-MP-LP. More examples are described below.

[0153] Various flow paths can exist within a microporous material. Relatively linear flow paths can include regions such as SP1-SP4-SP5 or SP3-MLP1-MP1-MSP1. Under certain conditions, such as when there is high pressure in reservoir 204, at least a portion of the flow can proceed through the most direct path through the microporous material, such as SP1-SP4-SP5 or SP2-LP1-LP2. While some flow paths can be relatively linear, non-linear flow paths can also exist. For example, under certain conditions, at least a portion of the flow can flow through regions of progressively less resistance, such as SP1-LP1-LP2 or SP3-MLP1-LP1-LP2. As will be appreciated, the microstructure of a microporous material can undergo a modification process to achieve a particular type of flow through the microstructure. For example, the microstructure can have relatively uniform layers across the layers within the microstructure, or, as shown here, can have variable portions throughout the thickness of the microporous material.

[0154] In some examples, body portion 202 defines a wall thickness extending between inner surface 308 and outer surface 310. The wall thickness can define an interior region of body portion 202 having a transitional porosity between the porosity of the low-porosity surface (e.g., having a smaller pore size) of inner surface 308 and the porosity of the high-porosity surface (e.g., having a larger pore size) of outer surface 310. Additionally or alternatively, the interior region can have an interior region porosity equal to the porosity of the low-porosity surface of inner surface 308 and outer surface 310. Additionally or alternatively, the interior region can have an interior region porosity equal to the porosity of the low-porosity surface of inner surface 308. Additionally or alternatively, the interior region can have an interior region porosity equal to the porosity of the high-porosity surface of outer surface 310.

[0155] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a method 1000 consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, method 1000 includes forming an implantable drainage device at least partially within ocular tissue. In step 1002, one or more layers of material are disposed to form a collapsible (e.g., foldable, deformable, bendable, or wrinkleable) body portion having a reservoir defined therein. The reservoir can receive and accumulate bodily fluid, such as excess aqueous humor, which can lead to unhealthy pressure buildup. In step 1004, a conduit is secured to the reservoir, a first end of the conduit is fluidly coupled to the reservoir, and a second end of the conduit can be inserted into a patient's eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit.

[0156] In some examples, method 1000 can include an additional step 1006 in which a support member and / or a retaining portion for the delivery member is provided. The support member and / or retaining portion can be provided on the collapsible body portion. As disclosed herein, many different types of support members and retaining portions can be implemented. For example, at least one support member can be provided, the support member comprising an absorbent material that can adhere to the ocular tissue in which the drainage device is implanted. In such cases, the at least one support member can be attached to an outer surface of the body portion.

[0157] In some instances, step 1006 includes inserting a portion of a delivery member through the conduit into the reservoir to facilitate delivery of the drainage device implanted into the ocular tissue. In some instances, the delivery member can be retracted from the reservoir after the drainage device is implanted. The delivery member can be, for example, a flexible delivery wire, including, but not limited to, a nickel-titanium alloy, or any suitable polymer, including, but not limited to, nylon.

[0158] In some examples, step 1006 includes forming a delivery member retention portion on the body portion, the retention portion being capable of being disposed outside or external to and separated from the reservoir, the delivery member retention portion being capable of at least partially receiving a delivery member, e.g., at least a distal portion of the delivery member, to facilitate delivery of the drainage device to the ocular tissue.

[0159] In some instances, the retention portion of the delivery member can be a pocket partially formed in the body portion, and the delivery member in such a case can have a curved portion at its distal end that can be at least partially received by the pocket during delivery.

[0160] In some instances, the delivery member retention portion is a conduit, also known as a delivery member conduit, formed on the exterior surface of the body portion to receive the delivery member. The delivery member in such cases can be at least one flexible wire that can be at least partially received within the delivery member conduit during delivery. Step 1006 can further include disposing the delivery member conduit along the periphery of the reservoir or the periphery of the body member, and / or disposing the delivery member conduit between the periphery of the reservoir and the periphery of the body member.

[0161] In some examples, the delivery member conduit may have a first opening capable of receiving a first flexible wire and a second opening capable of receiving a second flexible wire, and step 1006 may further include inserting the first flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through the first opening and inserting the second flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through the second opening, such that the first flexible wire and the second flexible wire overlap within the delivery member conduit during delivery of the drainage device.

[0162] FIG. 11A shows a flowchart of a method 1100 consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, method 1100 includes treating glaucoma using a drainage device. In step 1102, at least a portion of a delivery member is removably coupled to a collapsible (e.g., foldable, deformable, bendable, or wrinkleable) body portion of the drainage device, the body portion defining a reservoir capable of receiving and accumulating bodily fluid. In step 1104, the delivery member is used to deliver the drainage device to ocular tissue, placing the collapsible body portion in a planar configuration and uncollapsed. In some examples, the planar configuration is defined by a curved surface corresponding to the curvature of the eye. In step 1106, the delivery member is retracted from the drainage device, deploying the drainage device so that it is at least partially (or completely) implanted within the ocular tissue. In step 1108, the second end of the conduit is inserted into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid (such as aqueous humor in the eye) into the conduit. The first end of the conduit is secured to and fluidly coupled with the reservoir.

[0163] In some examples, the method 1100 can further include one or more additional steps, including attaching the drainage device to the eye tissue using at least one suture secured in at least one suture hole on the body portion of the drainage device.

[0164] In some instances, step 1102 includes inserting a portion of a delivery member through the conduit into the reservoir to facilitate delivery of the drainage device implanted into the ocular tissue. After the drainage device is implanted, the delivery member can be retracted from the reservoir. In such cases, the delivery member can be any suitable flexible delivery wire, including, but not limited to, one formed using a nickel-titanium alloy.

[0165] In some examples, step 1102 includes at least partially inserting the delivery member into a delivery member retaining portion formed on the body portion. The delivery member retaining portion can be a pocket at least partially formed in the body portion, the delivery member having a curved portion at a distal end that can be at least partially received by the pocket during delivery.

[0166] In some examples, the retention portion of the delivery member can be a delivery member conduit formed on the outer surface of the body member. The delivery member can be at least one flexible wire that can be at least partially received within the delivery member conduit. The delivery member conduit can be disposed along the periphery of the reservoir, along the periphery of the body member, and / or between the periphery of the reservoir and the periphery of the body member.

[0167] In some examples, at least partially inserting the delivery member into the holding portion of the delivery member in accordance with step 1102 can include inserting a first flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through a first opening of the delivery member conduit and inserting a second flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through a second opening of the delivery member conduit such that the first flexible wire and the second flexible wire overlap within the delivery member conduit during delivery of the drainage device.

[0168] 11B shows a flowchart of another method 1110 consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure. Following step 1102 as described above, the coupled drainage device is delivered to the target location in a collapsed state at step 1112. At step 1114, the drainage device is deployed to an uncollapsed state. Deployment may be performed, for example, by at least partially expanding the collapsed drainage device so that the drainage device assumes the uncollapsed state. Alternatively, other suitable methods of uncollapsed the collapsed drainage device may be performed. After the drainage device is uncollapsed, at step 1106, the delivery member is retracted from the drainage device, implanting the drainage device, and at step 1108, one end of the conduit is inserted into the eye as described above.

[0169] 12A-12C illustrate the stiffness / flexibility of an exemplary drainage device, and more specifically, its body portion, in response to buckling and the physical characteristics of recovering at least a portion of its overall length after removal of the external force. In FIG. 12A, the body portion 202 is shown with an external collapsing force 1200 applied to the body portion in the direction indicated by the arrow pointing at the body portion. The external collapsing force 1200 can be a directional force 1201, e.g., a frictional force created by pushing the body portion via a forward force applied by a physician sufficient to push the body portion of the drainage device into the target tissue. As a result, the body portion folds, bends, deforms, or buckles along the transverse axis TT shown in FIG. 2B, i.e., any axis intersecting the longitudinal axis LL. The location of the fold (i.e., the axis of fold) is not necessarily located at or near the center of the body portion; such folds may occur along any axis along the body portion, including near the periphery 222 of the body portion. While the external force 1200 is applied, the body portion has a collapsed length "L2" that is shorter or less than the length "L1", which is the overall length of the body portion.

[0170] FIG. 12B shows the body portion 202 immediately after the external collapsing force 1200 has been removed. The shape of the body portion remains the same, but the body portion exerts an internal force or restoring force 1202 due to the flexible physical properties of the body portion in a direction opposite to the external collapsing force 1200 (i.e., in the direction away from the body portion in the illustrated example). Thus, the body portion can exert a force to recover or return to its original configuration before the external collapsing force 1200 was applied while in the folded configuration or folded state (also referred to as a non-planar state).

[0171] FIG. 12C shows the body portion 202 at a point after the external collapsing force 1200 has been removed with no external force applied to the body portion. As shown, the restoring force 1202 has at least partially unfolded the body portion, where the length of the body portion is a length “L3” that is longer than the folded length L2. In some examples, the length L3 is referred to as the static length of the body portion and is defined as the length of the body portion after the external collapsing force 1200 was applied to fold the body portion and then released such that the restoring force 1202 facilitates the unfolding of the folded body portion until no further restoring force is seen.

[0172] Thus, in some examples, when the restoring force 1202 facilitates the complete recovery of the body portion and the final state of the body portion is substantially the same as the original state (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2B), L3 is the same as L1 (i.e., L3 = L1).

[0173] Alternatively, in some examples, when the restoring force 1202 partially unfolds the body portion but the body portion cannot return to its original configuration when placed on a flat surface, L3 is greater than L2 (i.e., L3 < L2 < L1). In such cases, L3 can be less than or equal to about 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% of L1 or any suitable range or value therebetween, and as shown in FIG. 12C, there is still a slight bend in the body portion.

[0174] In some cases, L3 can be defined as the length recovered from L2, which is the shortest of L1, L2, and L3. That is, if the length of the body portion lost or shortened by folding is defined as (L1 - L2), then L3 is mathematically defined as L2 + R(L1 - L2), where R is the percentage of recovery (any value between 0% and 100%) achieved by the body portion as a result of the recovery force 1202. Thus, if R = 0, or no recovery is observed, then the result is L3 = L2. Alternatively, if R = 1, or there is complete recovery, then the result is L3 = L1. In some instances, if only partial recovery is observed, the value of R can be less than or equal to about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or any suitable value or range therebetween. It should be understood that L1, L2 and L3 are all measured along the same axis (e.g., the longitudinal axis LL as shown) in order to accurately measure the folding / buckling experienced by the body portion of the drainage device and its recovery therefrom.

[0175] 13 shows another example of how the body portion 202 of the drainage device collapses in response to buckling, according to some embodiments. A directional force 1201, e.g., a forward force applied by a physician, is applied to the body portion 202 in a direction substantially parallel to or along the longitudinal axis LL toward the target tissue 1300. The target tissue can be the conjunctiva 13 (as shown in FIGS. 1C-1H) of the patient's eye 10 into which the body portion can be inserted for treatment.

[0176] The target tissue 1300 has an entrance 1302, which in some instances can be an opening formed by a fornix-based incision 17 made in the conjunctiva 13 of the patient's eye 10 using a scalpel, as shown in FIG. 1C . The entrance has a height “E” that is less (i.e., narrower) than a maximum thickness “t2” of the body portion 202 of the drainage device, and when the body portion attempts to advance through the entrance 1302, the entrance can provide a restraining force 1304 that restrains the body portion from advancing therethrough. The restraining force 1304 can result from frictional forces within the target tissue 1300 and the size and shape of the entrance 1302, which requires a certain force to overcome. That is, when sufficient force is applied in a direction opposite the restraining force 1304 to overcome the restraining force, the entrance 1302 can open further (either temporarily or permanently) and receive the body portion 202 of the drainage device. In this way, the entrance 1302 is adaptable to the amount of force applied to it, and the restraining force 1304 is the minimum force that a device needs to exert on the entrance 1302 when the device is sized larger than the size of the entrance, thereby allowing the device to be inserted through the entrance.

[0177] When the body portion 202 exerts an internal force or a restoring force 1202 in a direction opposite to the restraining force 1304 exerted by the inlet 1302, it is observed that the restoring force 1202 of the body portion is smaller than the restraining force 1304 of the inlet. Therefore, if there is not enough force to overcome the restraining force, the body portion 202 is prevented from being inserted forward into the target tissue 1300. Instead, most if not all of the body portion 202 remains outside the target tissue, and when a directional force 1201 is continuously applied, the target tissue 1300 exerts a reaction force 1306 in a direction opposite to the directional force 1201. That is, the reaction force 1306 (which can be the frictional force exerted by the target tissue 1300 in response to the directional force 1201) prevents the longitudinal distal movement of the distal end 1308 of the body portion 202, thereby causing the distal end of the body portion to remain outside the target tissue 1300 while the directional force 1201 is being applied. Therefore, due to the two opposing forces 1201 and 1306, the body portion 202 collapses (or, as appropriate, wrinkles, deform, bend or fold) in the longitudinal direction (i.e., the direction with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L), and when the body portion 202 takes a configuration that is collapsed in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal length of the body portion is shortened from L1 to L2 (where L2 < L1).

[0178] As described herein, any suitable biocompatible material can be used for the body portion and the delivery member conduit. In certain cases, examples of materials can include fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) polymers. In some cases, examples of materials can include, but are not limited to, polyesters, silicones, urethanes, polyethylene terephthalates or other biocompatible polymers, or combinations thereof. In some cases, bioresorbable or biodegradable materials such as bioresorbable or biodegradable polymers can be used. In some cases, examples of materials can include dacron, polyolefins, carboxymethyl cellulose fabrics, polyurethanes, or other woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics or film elastomers.

[0179] Additionally, while nitinol (NiTi) may be used as the material for the delivery members described herein, other materials, such as, but not limited to, stainless steel, L605 steel, polymers, MP35N steel, polymeric materials, Pyhnox, Elgiloy, or other suitable biocompatible materials, and combinations thereof, may also be used as the material for the frame. The superelastic properties and flexibility of NiTi can improve the conformability of the stent. Furthermore, NiTi can be shape-set to a desired shape. That is, NiTi can be shape-set so that when the frame is unconstrained, e.g., when the frame is deployed from a delivery system, the frame tends to self-expand to a desired shape.

[0180] The invention of this application has been described above generally and with reference to specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, it is intended that the embodiments cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. (Aspect) (Aspect 1) A drainage device for draining bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, said drainage device being at least partially implantable within tissue of the eye; a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir; and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, the collapsible body portion includes a body portion that transforms from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed; in situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state; the collapsible body portion at least one temporary reinforcing element that maintains the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during an implant procedure; or a retention portion defined by the collapsible body portion and sized and arranged to transfer a tension force to the collapsible body portion to maintain the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during an implantation procedure; A drainage device comprising one or more of: (Aspect 2) A drainage device for draining bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, said drainage device being at least partially implantable within tissue of the eye; a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir; and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, the collapsible body portion includes a body portion that transforms from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed; in situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state; During the implant procedure, the collapsible body portion: The drainage device includes at least one temporary reinforcing element that maintains the collapsible body portion in the first planar state. (Aspect 3) A drainage device as described in aspect 1 or 2, wherein the collapsible body portion includes a delivery member conduit formed on an outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the temporary reinforcement element is at least one flexible wire partially received within the delivery member conduit. (Aspect 4) A drainage device according to aspect 3, wherein the delivery member conduit is disposed along the periphery of the reservoir or the periphery of the body member. (Aspect 5) 5. The drainage device of claim 4, wherein the delivery member conduit is disposed between the periphery of the reservoir and the periphery of the body member. (Aspect 6) A drainage device according to aspect 4 or 5, wherein the delivery member conduit comprises a first opening configured to receive a first temporary reinforcement element and a second opening configured to receive a second temporary reinforcement element. (Aspect 7) 7. The drainage device of embodiment 6, wherein the first temporary reinforcement element and the second temporary reinforcement element are configured to overlap within the delivery member conduit. (Aspect 8) A drainage device as described in aspect 1 or 2, wherein the temporary reinforcement element is attached to the outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the temporary reinforcement element comprises an absorbent material that can adhere to the tissue of the eye in which the drainage device is implanted. (Aspect 9) A drainage device as described in aspect 1 or 2, wherein the reservoir can receive a portion of the temporary reinforcement element through the conduit to facilitate delivery of the drainage device to be implanted into the eye tissue, and the temporary reinforcement element can be retracted from the reservoir after the drainage device has been implanted. (Aspect 10) Aspect 10. The drainage device of any one of aspects 1-9, wherein the collapsible body portion is made from a microporous material. (Aspect 11) 11. The drainage device of claim 10, wherein the microporous material is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). (Aspect 12) 12. The drainage device of claim 10 or 11, wherein the microporous material comprises a plurality of subsections having different pore sizes. (Aspect 13) 13. The drainage device of claim 12, wherein the microporous material facilitates absorption of bodily fluid from the reservoir that is released into an external environment surrounding the collapsible body portion. (Aspect 14) 14. The drainage device of claim 13, wherein the microporous material reduces tissue ingrowth from the external environment into the reservoir. (Aspect 15) 15. The drainage device according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the first planar state is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye. (Aspect 16) A drainage device according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device. (Aspect 17) 17. The drainage device of claim 16, wherein the collapsible body portion deforms in response to external frictional forces generated by eye tissue when a directional force is applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device. (Aspect 18) 18. The drainage device of any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein the collapsible body portion has a first length in an uncollapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed. (Aspect 19) 20. The drainage device of claim 18, wherein the third length is less than or equal to about 90% of the first length. (Aspect 20) 20. The drainage device of any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein the collapsible body portion is formed by at least partially bonding a peripheral edge of the first body layer to a peripheral edge of the second body layer. (Aspect 21) A drainage device according to any one of aspects 1 to 20, wherein the collapsible body portion includes at least one suture hole configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue. (Aspect 22) 22. The drainage device of any one of aspects 1-21, wherein the collapsible body portion further comprises at least one marker for marking the position of the conduit along the body portion. (Aspect 23) 8. The drainage device according to any one of aspects 3 to 7, wherein the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire containing a nickel-titanium alloy. (Aspect 24) 24. The drainage device of any one of aspects 1-23, wherein the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the perimeter of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty. (Aspect 25) A drainage device for draining bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, said drainage device being at least partially implantable within tissue of the eye; a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir and a retention portion; and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, the collapsible body portion includes a body portion that transforms from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed; in situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state; A drainage device, wherein the retaining portion of the collapsible body portion is sized and arranged to transmit a pulling force to the collapsible body portion to maintain the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during an implantation procedure. (Aspect 26) 26. The drainage device of claim 25, wherein the pulling force is supplied by a delivery member that engages with the retention portion. (Aspect 27) 27. The drainage device of claim 26, wherein the retention portion is a pocket partially formed in the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member has a curved portion at its distal end, the curved portion being partially received in the pocket. (Aspect 28) 28. The drainage device according to any one of aspects 25 to 27, wherein the first planar state is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye. (Aspect 29) A drainage device as described in any one of aspects 25 to 28, wherein the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device. (Aspect 30) 30. The drainage device of claim 29, wherein the collapsible body portion deforms in response to external frictional forces generated by eye tissue when a directional force is applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device. (Aspect 31) The drainage device of any one of aspects 25 to 30, wherein the collapsible body portion has a first length in an uncollapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed. (Aspect 32) 32. The drainage device of claim 31, wherein the third length is less than or equal to about 90% of the first length. (Aspect 33) 33. The drainage device of any one of aspects 25 to 32, wherein the collapsible body portion is formed by at least partially bonding a peripheral edge of the first body layer to a peripheral edge of the second body layer. (Aspect 34) A drainage device according to any one of aspects 25 to 33, wherein the collapsible body portion includes at least one suture hole configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue. (Aspect 35) 35. The drainage device of any one of aspects 25 to 34, wherein the collapsible body portion further comprises at least one marker for marking the location of the conduit along the body portion. (Aspect 36) 28. The drainage device of claim 26 or 27, wherein the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy. (Aspect 37) 37. The drainage device of any one of aspects 25 to 36, wherein the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the periphery of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty. (Aspect 38) 1. A method of forming an implantable drainage device at least partially within an ocular tissue, the method comprising: disposing one or more layers of material to form a collapsible body portion having a reservoir defined therein; and securing a conduit to the reservoir such that a first end of the conduit is fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end of the conduit is deliverable into the eye, thereby facilitating drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, The reservoir is configured to receive and store bodily fluid. (Aspect 39) 40. The method of embodiment 38, wherein the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device. (Aspect 40) 40. The method of embodiment 39, wherein the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to be deformed by external frictional forces caused by applying a directional force to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device. (Aspect 41) 41. The method of any one of aspects 39 or 40, wherein the collapsible body portion has a recovery force that is less than a minimum force required to at least temporarily overcome a force exerted by an entrance port in the ocular tissue to at least partially insert the body portion into the ocular tissue. (Aspect 42) 42. The method of any one of aspects 38 to 41, wherein the collapsible body portion has a first length in an uncollapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed. (Aspect 43) 43. The method of embodiment 42, wherein the third length is less than or equal to about 90% of the first length. (Aspect 44) 44. The method of any one of aspects 38 to 43, wherein the one or more material layers include a first body layer and a second body layer, and the method further includes at least partially adhering a peripheral edge of the first body layer to a peripheral edge of the second body layer to form the collapsible body portion. (Aspect 45) 45. The method of any one of aspects 38 to 44, further comprising forming at least one suture hole in the collapsible body portion configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue. (Aspect 46) 46. The method of any one of aspects 38 to 45, further comprising forming at least one marker on the collapsible body portion configured to mark a position of the conduit along the body portion. (Aspect 47) providing at least one support member that facilitates delivery of the drainage device implanted in the ocular tissue so that the drainage device can be placed in a planar, non-collapsed configuration; and attaching the at least one support member to an exterior surface of the collapsible body portion; Including, 47. The method of any one of aspects 38 to 46, wherein the at least one support member comprises an absorbent material configured to adhere to the tissue of the eye into which the drainage device is implanted. (Aspect 48) 47. The method of any one of aspects 38 to 46, further comprising inserting a portion of a delivery member into the reservoir through the conduit to facilitate delivery of a drainage device to be implanted into the eye tissue so that the drainage device is positioned in a planar, non-collapsed state, wherein the delivery member can be retracted from the reservoir after the drainage device has been implanted. (Aspect 49) 49. The method of claim 47 or 48, wherein the planar configuration is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye. (Aspect 50) 50. The method of any one of embodiments 38 to 49, wherein the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy. (Aspect 51)

[0049] Aspect 51. The method of any one of aspects 38-50, wherein the collapsible body portion comprises a microporous material. (Aspect 52) 52. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the microporous material comprises a plurality of subsections having different porosities. (Aspect 53) 53. The method of any one of embodiments 51 to 52, wherein the microporous material facilitates absorption of bodily fluids from the reservoir that are released into an external environment surrounding the collapsible body portion. (Aspect 54) 54. The method of embodiment 53, wherein the microporous material reduces tissue ingrowth from the external environment into the reservoir. (Aspect 55) 48. The method of any one of aspects 38 to 47, further comprising forming a delivery member holding portion on the collapsible body portion that is positioned outside the reservoir and separate from the reservoir, the delivery member holding portion configured to at least partially receive a delivery member to facilitate delivery of the drainage device to eye tissue. (Aspect 56) 56. The method of embodiment 55, wherein the delivery member holding portion is a pocket partially formed in the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member has a curved portion at a distal end that can be at least partially received by the pocket. (Aspect 57) 56. The method of embodiment 55, wherein the delivery member holding portion is a delivery member conduit formed on the outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member is at least one flexible wire partially receivable within the delivery member conduit. (Aspect 58) 58. The method of embodiment 57, further comprising disposing the delivery member conduit along a periphery of the reservoir or a periphery of the body member. (Aspect 59) 60. The method of embodiment 58, further comprising disposing the delivery member conduit between a periphery of the reservoir and a periphery of the body member. (Aspect 60) 60. The method of claim 58 or 59, wherein the delivery member conduit comprises a first opening configured to receive a first flexible wire and a second opening configured to receive a second flexible wire. (Aspect 61) The method of embodiment 60 further comprises inserting the first flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through the first opening and inserting the second flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through the second opening so that the first flexible wire and the second flexible wire overlap within the delivery member conduit during delivery of the drainage device. (Aspect 62) 48. The method of any one of aspects 38-47, wherein the collapsible body portion is configured to be delivered to eye tissue in a collapsed configuration using a delivery member and then released from the collapsed configuration for implantation. (Aspect 63) The method of any one of aspects 38 to 47, wherein the collapsible body portion is configured to be delivered to eye tissue in an enclosed configuration using a delivery member and then released from the enclosed configuration for implantation. (Aspect 64)

[0037] Aspect 64. The method of any one of aspects 38-63, wherein the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the perimeter of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty. (Aspect 65) 1. A method of treating glaucoma using a drainage device, the method comprising: releasably coupling at least a portion of a delivery member to a collapsible body portion of the drainage device, wherein the collapsible body portion defines a reservoir disposed to receive and accumulate bodily fluid via a first end of a conduit fluidly coupled to the reservoir; delivering the coupled drainage device to the tissue pocket of the eye to place the collapsible body portion in a planar configuration and uncollapsed; retracting the delivery member from the drainage device to deploy the drainage device and implant it at least partially within the tissue of the eye; and inserting a second end of the conduit into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; A method comprising: (Aspect 66) 66. The method of embodiment 65, wherein the planar configuration is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye. (Aspect 67) 67. The method of claim 65 or 66, wherein the collapsible body portion has a first length in an unfolded state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a folded state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed. (Aspect 68) 68. The method of embodiment 67, wherein the third length is less than or equal to about 85% of the first length. (Aspect 69) 69. The method of any one of aspects 65-68, further comprising attaching the drainage device to eye tissue using at least one suture attached to at least one suture hole in the collapsible body portion of the drainage device. (Aspect 70) Removably coupling at least a portion of the delivery member to the collapsible body portion of the drainage device comprises: inserting a portion of the delivery member through the conduit and into the reservoir to facilitate delivery of the drainage device implanted into the eye tissue; 70. The method of any one of aspects 65-69, wherein the delivery member is retracted from the reservoir after the drainage device is implanted. (Aspect 71) 71. The method of any one of embodiments 65 to 70, wherein the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy. (Aspect 72) Removably coupling at least a portion of the delivery member to the collapsible body portion of the drainage device comprises: at least partially inserting the delivery member into a delivery member retaining portion formed in the collapsible body portion; 72. The method of any one of aspects 65 to 71, wherein the delivery member retaining portion is disposed outside of and separate from the reservoir. (Aspect 73) 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the delivery member holding portion is a pocket at least partially formed in the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member has a curved portion at its distal end that can be at least partially received by the pocket. (Aspect 74) The method of embodiment 72, wherein the delivery member holding portion is a delivery member conduit formed on the outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the delivery member is at least one flexible wire that can be at least partially received within the delivery member conduit. (Aspect 75) 75. The method of embodiment 74, wherein the delivery member conduit is positioned along the periphery of the reservoir or the periphery of the body member. (Aspect 76) 76. The method of embodiment 75, wherein the delivery member conduit is disposed between a periphery of the reservoir and a periphery of the body member. (Aspect 77) At least partially inserting the delivery member into the delivery member holding portion comprises: 77. The method of any one of aspects 74 to 76, comprising inserting a first flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through a first opening of the delivery member conduit and inserting the second flexible wire into the delivery member conduit through a second opening of the delivery member conduit such that the first flexible wire and the second flexible wire overlap within the delivery member conduit during delivery of the drainage device. (Aspect 78)

[0072] Aspect 78. The method of any one of aspects 65-77, wherein the collapsible body portion has a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less around the perimeter of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty. (Aspect 79) a drainage device configured to drain bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, the drainage device being at least partially implantable within the tissue of the eye; a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir; and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, the collapsible body portion includes a body portion that transforms from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed; The drainage device, wherein in situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state.

Claims

1. A drainage device for draining bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, said drainage device being at least partially implantable within tissue of the eye; a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir; and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, the collapsible body portion includes a body portion that transforms from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed; in situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state; the collapsible body portion at least one temporary reinforcement element that maintains the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during an implant procedure; and a retention portion defined by the collapsible body portion and sized and arranged to transfer a tension force to the collapsible body portion to maintain the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during an implantation procedure; 1. A drainage device, including:

2. A drainage device for draining bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, said drainage device being at least partially implantable within tissue of the eye; a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir; and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, the collapsible body portion includes a body portion that transforms from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed; in situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state; During the implant procedure, the collapsible body portion: The drainage device includes at least one temporary reinforcing element that maintains the collapsible body portion in the first planar state.

3. 3. The drainage device of claim 1, wherein the collapsible body portion includes a delivery member conduit formed on an outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the temporary reinforcement element is at least one flexible wire partially received within the delivery member conduit.

4. The drainage device of claim 3 , wherein the delivery member conduit is disposed along a periphery of the reservoir or a periphery of the body member.

5. The drainage device of claim 4 , wherein the delivery member conduit is disposed between a periphery of the reservoir and a periphery of the body member.

6. The drainage device of claim 4 , wherein the delivery member conduit includes a first opening configured to receive a first temporary reinforcement element and a second opening configured to receive a second temporary reinforcement element.

7. The drainage device of claim 6 , wherein the first temporary reinforcement element and the second temporary reinforcement element are configured to overlap within the delivery member conduit.

8. 3. The drainage device of claim 1, wherein the temporary reinforcement element is attached to an outer surface of the collapsible body portion, and the temporary reinforcement element comprises an absorbent material that is capable of adhering to eye tissue in which the drainage device is implanted.

9. 3. A drainage device as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reservoir can receive a portion of the temporary reinforcement element through the conduit to facilitate delivery of the drainage device to be implanted into the eye tissue, and the temporary reinforcement element can be retracted from the reservoir after the drainage device has been implanted.

10. The drainage device of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the collapsible body portion is made from a microporous material.

11. The drainage device of claim 10 , wherein the microporous material is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).

12. The drainage device of claim 10 , wherein the microporous material includes a plurality of subsections having different pore sizes.

13. The drainage device of claim 12 , wherein the microporous material facilitates absorbing bodily fluids from the reservoir that are released into an external environment surrounding the collapsible body portion.

14. The drainage device of claim 13 , wherein the microporous material reduces tissue ingrowth from the external environment into the reservoir.

15. The drainage device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the first planar state is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye.

16. A drainage device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

17. 17. The drainage device of claim 16, wherein the collapsible body portion deforms in response to external frictional forces generated by ocular tissue when a directional force is applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

18. The drainage device of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the collapsible body portion has a first length in an uncollapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed.

19. The drainage device of claim 18, wherein the third length is less than or equal to 90% of the first length.

20. The drainage device of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the collapsible body portion is formed by at least partially bonding a peripheral edge of a first body layer to a peripheral edge of a second body layer.

21. The drainage device of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the collapsible body portion includes at least one suture hole configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue.

22. The drainage device of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the collapsible body portion further comprises at least one marker for marking the position of the conduit along the body portion.

23. The drainage device of claim 3 , wherein the delivery member receivable in the delivery member conduit is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy.

24. The drainage device of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the collapsible body portion has a thickness of 0.5 mm or less around the periphery of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty.

25. A drainage device for draining bodily fluid from an eye to tissue external to the eye, said drainage device being at least partially implantable within tissue of the eye; a collapsible body portion defining a reservoir and a retention portion; and a conduit having a first end fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a second end insertable into the eye to facilitate drainage of bodily fluid into the conduit; Including, the collapsible body portion includes a body portion that transforms from a first planar state to a second non-planar state when collapsed; in situ, the second non-planar state is at least one of a folded state, a deformed state, a bent state, or a wrinkled state; a retaining portion of the collapsible body portion sized and arranged to transfer a pulling force to the collapsible body portion to maintain the collapsible body portion in the first planar state during an implantation procedure; A drainage device wherein the retention portion is a pocket partially formed in the collapsible body portion.

26. The drainage device of claim 25, wherein the pulling force is provided by a delivery member that engages the retention portion.

27. A drainage device as described in claim 26, wherein the delivery member has a curved portion at its distal end, the curved portion being partially received in the pocket.

28. The drainage device according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the first planar state is defined by a curved surface that corresponds to the curvature of the eye.

29. A drainage device according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the collapsible body portion comprises a material that is sufficiently flexible to deform in response to a directional force applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

30. 30. The drainage device of claim 29, wherein the collapsible body portion deforms in response to external frictional forces generated by ocular tissue when a directional force is applied to the body portion during an implantation procedure of the drainage device.

31. The drainage device of any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the collapsible body portion has a first length in an uncollapsed state in the absence of an external force, a second length shorter than the first length in a collapsed state when an external force is applied, and a third length longer than the second length and shorter than the first length in a resting state after the external force is removed.

32. 32. The drainage device of claim 31, wherein the third length is less than or equal to 90% of the first length.

33. 28. The drainage device of any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the collapsible body portion is formed by at least partially bonding a peripheral edge of a first body layer to a peripheral edge of a second body layer.

34. A drainage device according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the collapsible body portion includes at least one suture hole configured to receive a suture to facilitate attachment of the drainage device to eye tissue.

35. The drainage device of any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the collapsible body portion further comprises at least one marker for marking the position of the conduit along the body portion.

36. 28. The drainage device of claim 26 or 27, wherein the delivery member is a flexible delivery wire comprising a nickel-titanium alloy.

37. A drainage device according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the collapsible body portion has a thickness of 0.5mm or less around the periphery of the reservoir when the reservoir is empty.

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