Appraisal and certification system, program, and appraisal and certification method

Abstract

An appraisal certification system, a program, and an information processing method are provided that can verify the legitimacy of verification information for verifying an object requiring appraisal. [Solution] The system includes a verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information regarding the subject to be verified, and a verification result acquisition means for acquiring a verification result regarding the legitimacy of the subject to be verified using a verification method based on the verification information.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an authentication and certification system, a program, and an authentication and certification method. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, there are known technologies for managing data in blockchain, but there is a problem known as the oracle problem, which is whether the data to be recorded is trustworthy before it is recorded in the blockchain.In response to this, Patent Document 1 discloses a technology that links learning behaviors performed on the web with tokens issued using the blockchain, and sequentially records these tokens in the blockchain, thereby managing not only the learning exit but the entire process in a way that makes it difficult to tamper with. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-28824 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Even when managing verification information for verifying an object requiring verification, the reliability of this verification information becomes an issue.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide an authentication and certification system, a program, and an information processing method that can verify the legitimacy of an object requiring authentication. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The appraisal certification system according to the present invention comprises: Verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information relating to an object to be verified; The method is characterized by comprising a verification result acquisition means for acquiring a verification result regarding the legitimacy of the object to be verified by one or more verification entities based on the verification information.

[0007] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The verification result acquisition means may acquire a plurality of verification results on the legitimacy of the object to be verified by a plurality of different verification entities.

[0008] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The device may further comprise a validity evaluation value calculation means for determining a larger number of the verification results from among the plurality of verification results as a validity evaluation value.

[0009] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The verifier may include a verification request to a different external verifier.

[0010] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The plurality of verifiers may include devices that perform verification using a plurality of verification models generated based on different types of training data.

[0011] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The inspection apparatus may further include a recording means for recording the verification result of the object to be inspected in one or more storage units in association with information about the object to be inspected.

[0012] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The system may further include a recording means for recording the verification result of the object to be inspected in a distributed ledger in association with information about the object to be inspected.

[0013] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, a specifying means for specifying missing information in the verification when the verification result does not satisfy a predetermined condition; a presentation means for presenting the missing information; may further comprise:

[0014] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The verification information is classified into a plurality of categories based on the matter to be verified; The verifier to be used is set in advance for each of the categories, The verification result acquisition means may acquire a verification result by the verifier corresponding to a category to which the verification information belongs.

[0015] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The system may further comprise a reward management unit that provides a reward to a provider of the verification information in accordance with the verification result acquired by the verification result acquisition unit.

[0016] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The system may further comprise a reward management means for awarding rewards to the verifiers.

[0017] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The device may further comprise a validity evaluation value calculation means for calculating a validity evaluation value by weighting the verification result.

[0018] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, Verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information relating to an object to be verified; a verification result acquisition means for acquiring a plurality of verification results on the legitimacy of the object to be verified by a plurality of different verifiers based on the verification information; a validity evaluation value calculation means for calculating a validity evaluation value by weighting the plurality of verification results; The present invention is characterized by comprising:

[0019] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, The weight may be determined according to a degree of trust assigned to the verifier.

[0020] In the appraisal and certification system according to the present invention, A verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information regarding an object to be verified; a verification result acquisition means for acquiring a verification result regarding the legitimacy of the object to be verified for one or more verification items based on the verification information; The present invention is characterized by comprising:

[0021] In the program according to the present invention, A program for causing a computer to function as a verification information acquisition means and a verification result acquisition means, The verification information acquisition means acquires verification information regarding the object to be verified, The verification result acquisition means acquires a verification result about the legitimacy of the object to be verified by one or more verifiers based on the verification information.

[0022] In the program according to the present invention, A program for causing a computer to function as a verification information acquisition means, a verification result acquisition means, and a validity evaluation value calculation means, The verification information acquisition means acquires verification information regarding the object to be verified, The verification result acquisition means acquires a plurality of verification results on the legitimacy of the object to be verified by a plurality of different verification entities based on the verification information, The validity evaluation value calculation means calculates the validity evaluation value by weighting the plurality of verification results.

[0023] In the program according to the present invention, A program for causing a computer to function as a verification information acquisition means, a verification result acquisition means, and a validity evaluation value calculation means, The verification information acquisition means acquires verification information regarding the object to be verified, The verification result acquisition means acquires a verification result regarding the legitimacy of the object to be verified for one or more verification items based on the verification information.

[0024] In the appraisal and certification method according to the present invention, A method of appraisal certification carried out by a computer having a control unit, comprising: a step in which the control unit acquires verification information regarding an object to be verified; a step in which the control unit acquires a verification result regarding the legitimacy of the object to be verified by one or more verifiers based on the verification information; The present invention is characterized in that it includes:

[0025] In the appraisal and certification method according to the present invention, A method of appraisal certification carried out by a computer having a control unit, comprising: a step in which the control unit acquires verification information regarding an object to be verified; a step in which the control unit acquires a plurality of verification results regarding the legitimacy of the object to be verified by a plurality of different verifiers based on the verification information; a step of the control unit weighting the plurality of verification results to obtain a validity evaluation value; The present invention is characterized in that it includes:

[0026] In the appraisal and certification method according to the present invention, A method of appraisal certification carried out by a computer having a control unit, comprising: a step in which the control unit acquires verification information regarding an object to be verified; a step in which the control unit acquires a verification result regarding the legitimacy of the object to be verified for one or more verification items based on the verification information; The present invention is characterized in that it includes: [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, the legitimacy of an object to be authenticated can be verified. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the system configuration of an appraisal and certification system to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 2] 2(a) and 2(b) are diagrams for explaining the processing operation of the digital property authentication certificate. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the process of generating an NFT transaction hash and two-dimensional code from digital goods data. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration required for analog property authentication certification. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of an analog property authentication certificate. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example of blockchain data that records product information and transaction information that is recorded on a dedicated platform when performing analog property authentication certification. [Figure 7] 7(a) and 7(b) are diagrams for explaining the processing operation of a hybrid (analog-digital) authentication certificate. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a flowchart of proof of ownership through a blockchain wallet. [Figure 9] 9(a) and 9(b) are diagrams showing an example of hybrid authentication proof based on transaction hash or two-dimensional code together with owner proof data (owner proof of blockchain wallet). [Figure 10] 10(a) and 10(b) are diagrams showing an example of hybrid authentication certification that combines an identifier and the like with analog property authentication certification. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is another diagram showing an example of hybrid authentication certification that combines an identifier and the like with analog property authentication certification. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the flow of an appraisal and certification method using traceability. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the flow of a modified example of the appraisal and certification method using traceability. [Figure 14]14(a) and 14(b) are diagrams for explaining the processing operation of a digital property authentication certificate in another embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a process for generating an identifier for a product requiring authentication from digital product data when storage is available in another embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a process for generating an identifier for a product requiring authentication from digital product data in the absence of storage in another embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of an analog property authentication certificate in another embodiment. [Figure 18] 18(a) and 18(b) are diagrams for explaining the processing operation of a hybrid authentication certificate in another embodiment. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a flowchart of ownership verification through an identifier representing a user in another embodiment. [Figure 20] 20(a) and 20(b) are diagrams showing an example of hybrid authentication proof based on a transaction hash or a two-dimensional code together with owner proof data in another embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the flow of an appraisal and certification method using traceability in another embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the flow of a modified example of an appraisal and certification method using traceability in another embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram showing analog goods, digital goods that are digitized tangible objects, and digital goods that are digital from the beginning. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing the process for inputting product information. [Figure 25] FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of the verification information.

[0029] An example of an authentication and certification system, a program, and an authentication and certification method to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0030] FIG. 1 shows the system configuration of an authentication certification system 1 to which the present invention is applied. The authentication certification system 1 is used by users (including persons involved with the product 5 requiring authentication, such as manufacturers, producers, copyright holders, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as various businesses, etc.)), owners, and consumers). The authentication certification system 1 comprises terminals 2 and 72 operated by users (e.g., various businesses, etc.) and a distributed file server 3 operated by an administrator, etc., connected via a public communication network 10 such as the Internet, constituting a dedicated platform 8 via this public communication network 10. Note that the users operating terminals 2 and 72 can be arbitrarily set depending on the application, but the following description will use as an example a case where terminal 2 is operated by various businesses, etc., and terminal 72 is operated by a consumer, as necessary. The product 5 requiring authentication is an example of an object requiring authentication.

[0031] The terminal 2 may be implemented as an electronic device such as a personal computer (PC), but may also be implemented as any other electronic device, such as a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet, or wearable device. Various businesses operate the terminal 2 to perform various tasks to generate an identifier from the product 5 requiring authentication. The product 5 requiring authentication certification can be broadly categorized into analog goods and digital goods. Analog goods include all products requiring authentication certification, such as bags, satchels, clothing, watches, arts and crafts, and automobiles. Digital goods include all digital content requiring authentication certification, such as digital images, digital audio, digital music, and digital video. Digital goods also include digitized information about analog goods (e.g., product images, serial numbers, authentication certificates, etc.). The product 5 requiring authentication includes not only new products but also used products (secondary, tertiary, and other n-th-level distributions (n ​​is an integer greater than or equal to 4)).

[0032] Similarly, the terminal 72 is configured as an electronic device such as a PC, but may also be embodied as any other electronic device other than a PC, such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet device, a wearable device, etc. The consumer operates the terminal 72 to attempt to authenticate the product 5 requiring authentication.

[0033] The distributed file server 3 is a distributed file system designed to connect terminals 2 to the same file system, and may be configured using a so-called IPFS (Inter Planetary File System), but is not limited to this. Various vendors access the public communication network 10 via terminals 2 to provide data to the distributed file server 3, and consumers can request the data in a P2P (Peer to Peer) format. The distributed file server 3 stores all digital content requiring authentication certification, such as digital images, digital audio, digital music, and digital video of the product 5 requiring authentication. Simultaneously with this storage, a multi-digit string called an identifier is generated, as described below. When identifying the identifier of the product 5 requiring authentication, if it is new, the image will be identical. However, unique additional information, such as a product management number, is added along with the digital content, resulting in a unique identifier. Note that the distributed file server 3 may be omitted from the authentication certification system 1 and authentication certification method of this embodiment.

[0034] In the case of second-hand goods, each digital asset is individually characterized by scratches, scuffs, and other deformations, and the identifier generates a unique string. These distinctive digital assets, unique to second-hand goods, are extremely important in authenticating products in the resale industry. For example, if a buyer of a second-hand watch brings the counterfeit watch back to the store where they purchased it and requests a return, if the NFT (non-fungible token) corresponding to the digital asset and information based on the identifier (described below) are stored on the blockchain, they can be used as evidence to check the difference between the watch sold to the customer and the watch the customer brought in.

[0035] The dedicated platform 8 is configured with an information processing device and includes a control unit, a storage unit, a communication unit, etc. The control unit includes a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and controls the operation of the dedicated platform 8. The storage unit 110 includes, for example, a hard disk drive (HDD), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), and a solid state drive (SSD). The dedicated platform 8 performs various processes by having the control unit execute programs. The dedicated platform 8 references a blockchain 8a. A blockchain having a P2P network such as a distributed ledger can be used as the blockchain 8a. This blockchain 8a records product information of the product 5 requiring authentication, transaction information at each distribution stage until the product 5 requiring authentication is delivered to the consumer, as well as an identifier generated by hashing the digital property data of the product 5 requiring authentication, etc.

[0036] It should be noted that the blockchain 8a referred to here may be any type of blockchain, such as a public blockchain, a private blockchain, or a consortium blockchain, in addition to a blockchain having a P2P network such as a distributed ledger.

[0037] Recording on the blockchain 8a also includes the concept of recording a state in which hash values ​​for proving specific data are linked together. Recording on the blockchain 8a also includes the concept of recording information in which various information such as hash values ​​is encrypted or digitally signed, and for example, the information recorded on the blockchain 8a may be recorded in a format according to the application, such as encryption technology or digital signature technology.

[0038] As will be described below, the authentication certification system 1 to which the present invention is applied can realize two types of authentication certification, broadly classified as digital property authentication certification and hybrid authentication certification.

[0039] Digital Property Authentication Certificate First, let us explain the process of digital product authentication certification. Digital product authentication certification involves acquiring digital product data for the product requiring authentication 5, as shown in Figure 2(a). This digital product data is acquired from the target of authentication certification. This digital product data is digital image data consisting of digital product data captured using a terminal 2 or a digital camera, etc., of the product requiring authentication 5. This digital product data can be digital product data acquired by a manufacturer, creator, or copyright owner via such a terminal 2. Alternatively, it can be data originally assigned to the product requiring authentication 5 or linked to it and recorded on a recording medium. This digital product data can be any digital content requiring authentication certification, such as digital images, digital audio, digital music, or digital video, and can be given file extensions such as jpg, png, gif, mp3, or mov.

[0040] The manufacturer, creator, or copyright owner registers the digital asset data of the product 5 to be authenticated in this manner on the dedicated platform 8. As a result, the dedicated platform 8 acquires NFT information based on the NFT issued via the blockchain 8a referenced by the platform 8, and automatically generates a transaction hash and a two-dimensional code corresponding to the NFT information. The transaction hash and two-dimensional code of the NFT information issued and generated in this manner make it possible to determine whether the product 5 to be authenticated is a counterfeit or genuine. Note that NFT information may refer to the publicly known NFT itself, or may refer to information obtained by processing the NFT using publicly known technologies such as encryption or digital signature. The NFT information may also include an identifier associated with the NFT.

[0041] As shown in Figure 2(b), digital property data is recorded on a distributed file server and an identifier is issued, from which a unique two-dimensional code A can be generated. A unique two-dimensional code B can also be generated from a transaction hash obtained via the blockchain. Although two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B are different from each other, they can be used as one of the authentication elements for the multisig authentication of the authentication certification system 1. While two-dimensional code B is well known, the addition of two-dimensional code A can enhance the security of multisig authentication. Only two-dimensional code A may be used as an authentication element for multisig authentication, or only two-dimensional code B may be used as an authentication element for multisig authentication. Furthermore, to enhance the strength of multisig authentication, two-dimensional codes A and B may be used together as authentication elements for multisig authentication.

[0042] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the process of issuing a transaction hash or two-dimensional code of NFT information from such digital goods data. Note that Figure 3 shows an example in which an NFT is used as NFT information.

[0043] First, in step S11, the manufacturer, producer, author, etc. obtains digital property data for the product 5 requiring authentication and registers it on the dedicated platform 8. The processing operation for registering this digital property data is performed by the manufacturer, producer, author, etc. by accessing the dedicated platform 8 via the terminal 2. In such a case, the manufacturer, producer, author, etc. may access the dedicated platform 8 within the terminal 2 and install applications required for carrying out various procedures in advance.

[0044] Next, the process proceeds to step S12, where the dedicated platform 8 accepts registration of digital good data. The dedicated platform 8 may be configured as a so-called NFT marketplace or the like. When the dedicated platform 8 accepts registration of digital good data, it issues, for example, an NFT marketplace registration number for that digital good data each time. This registration number is issued each time registration of digital good data is accepted, and therefore is unique.

[0045] Next, the process proceeds to step S13, where the digital property data accepted for registration in step S12, the issued registration number, and information on the manufacturer, producer, author, etc. are compiled into a single folder or the like and registered on the distributed file server 3. Details of the manufacturer, producer, author, etc. information include names, corporate information, pen names, pen names, etc., while work information includes information on the work title, year of production, year of publication, work specifications (size, format, technology used), copyright of the work, and rights information on the work, such as portrait rights and design rights. The method of compiling and registering the digital property data, registration number, manufacturer, author, etc. information into a single folder during registration is one example, and any alternative method may be used as long as the digital property data, registration number, and manufacturer, producer, author, etc. information (hereinafter collectively referred to as supplementary information) are registered in a linked state.

[0046] Next, the process proceeds to step S14, where a unique ID is issued for each piece of registered additional information in the distributed file server 3. The ID issued for the digital property data is called the first ID, the ID issued for the registration number is called the second IDa, and the ID issued for information such as the manufacturer, producer, and author is called the second IDb.

[0047] In the case of digital goods data, if identical digital goods data exists elsewhere or if the digital goods data has been copied by another party, the same first ID may be issued. On the other hand, since registration numbers are unique, the second IDa will also be unique. Information such as the manufacturer, producer, and author may not be unique depending on the content, such as company name, date of birth, copyright holder name, and title of the work. However, since it is possible to assign unique IDs individually, the second IDb can also be unique. For example, time information such as the date, time, and seconds registered in the distributed file server 3 can be added to increase the accuracy of uniqueness. In step S14, at least the digital goods data may be recorded on the distributed file server 3. Moreover, the distributed file server 3 is configured to provide multiple layers of protection against the loss of digital goods data by adopting a distributed architecture. Such a configuration is also possible.

[0048] Next, the process proceeds to step S15, where a unique identifier is generated based on the associated incidental information. This generated identifier is linked to the incidental information, and can become the identifier possessed by the incidental information. This identifier is generated based on the first ID, second IDa, and second IDb described above. Since the second IDa is unique, and the second IDb is also unique, even if the same digital property data (first ID) is identical or duplicated, the newly generated identifier will always be unique. This hashed and generated identifier is called an identifier.

[0049] The identifier may be generated based on rules defined in the distributed file server 3 on the basis of the additional information stored in the folder.

[0050] Furthermore, a two-dimensional code may be generated based on the generated identifier (step S23).

[0051] The process proceeds to step S16, where the dedicated platform 8 receives the identifier from the distributed file server 3. If a two-dimensional code was generated in step S23, the dedicated platform 8 receives the two-dimensional code from the distributed file server 3.

[0052] Next, the process proceeds to step S17, where the dedicated platform 8 transmits an identifier based on the additional information to the blockchain 8a.

[0053] In step S18, the blockchain 8a records the NFT information issued based on the identifier transmitted from the dedicated platform 8 on the blockchain 8a. By recording the NFT information linked to the identifier on the blockchain 8a (for example, by writing it to the blockchain data 8b), it is possible to completely prevent the NFT information from being tampered with. In other words, each block in the blockchain 8a includes a timestamp and a link (hash value) to the previous block, and the data in the block cannot be retroactively changed.

[0054] Next, the process proceeds to step S19, where a transaction hash and / or two-dimensional code corresponding to the NFT information is generated. The generation of this transaction hash and / or two-dimensional code may be performed simultaneously with recording to the blockchain 8a. The transaction hash here is indicated by a string of approximately 64 digits in the case of Ethereum, for example, to identify the NFT information. The transaction hash may be replaced by a combination of a contract address and a token ID. The contract address here refers to the unique address where the contract is deployed on the blockchain. The token ID refers to the NFT information identified by the contract address. The two-dimensional code is a code for identifying the transaction hash. The issued transaction hash and two-dimensional code are sent to the dedicated platform 8 (which may be, for example, a marketplace), where they are received (step S20).

[0055] Furthermore, the blockchain 8a transmits this NFT information to various businesses, etc. as needed (step S21). This transmitted NFT information may be substituted for the issued transaction hash or two-dimensional code. Various businesses, etc. receive this NFT information (step S22). Various businesses, etc. can receive such transaction hash or two-dimensional code via terminal 2.

[0056] The authority to acquire digital property data and register it on the dedicated platform 8 is given only to various businesses, etc. For example, if the product 5 requiring appraisal is a bag, suitcase, clothing, watch, arts and crafts, automobile, etc., the authority to register digital property data on this dedicated platform 8 may be given only to various businesses, etc. or those authorized to act as sales agents for the product.

[0057] A trader or a consumer who purchases a new or used authentic product 5 requiring authentication receives this transaction hash or two-dimensional code from the trader or a dedicated platform 8 (e.g., a marketplace) along with the product 5 requiring authentication. The trader or consumer who receives the transaction hash or two-dimensional code can use the transaction hash or two-dimensional code to access the blockchain 8a of the dedicated platform 8 and read the NFT information of the product 5 requiring authentication recorded there. This allows only the genuine trader or consumer who possesses the transaction hash or two-dimensional code to easily perform a highly reliable authentication certification. Therefore, a third party who does not possess the transaction hash or two-dimensional code cannot perform such authentication certification itself.

[0058] In this way, in digital property authentication certification, unique NFT information derived from a unique identifier for only genuine products 5 requiring authentication from various businesses, etc. is sequentially written to the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8. This allows the NFT information itself to be accurately recorded and completely prevents tampering with the NFT information itself. As a result, consumers who purchase products requiring authentication 5 from various businesses, etc., or products distributed through complex distribution channels or sold over the internet can easily obtain highly reliable authentication certification.

[0059] Note that the digital property authentication certificate is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in step S13, we have described a case in which an identifier is generated by registering additional information in addition to the digital property data. However, this is not limited to this, and any information may be registered as long as it is linked to the digital property data. The information referred to here is any information or data related to the digital property data or generated in association with the digital property data, such as the registration number, manufacturer, creator, etc., as described above. The additional information may consist of only one of the registration number and information on the manufacturer, manufacturer, creator, etc. Furthermore, the additional information may not include either the registration number or information on the manufacturer, manufacturer, creator, etc., but may instead consist of any information or data related to the digital property data or generated in association with the digital property data.

[0060] Hybrid Authentication Certificate Next, the processing operation of hybrid authentication certification will be explained. In hybrid authentication certification, in addition to the digital property authentication certification described above, analog property authentication certification is also combined to perform more accurate authentication of the product 5 requiring authentication.

[0061] 4 is a schematic diagram showing a product 5 requiring authentication and a guarantee card 24 sold and distributed with the product 5 in the case of analog goods authentication certification. A small recording medium (a1) 51a is attached to or embedded in the product 5 requiring authentication, storing information including a private key α1 and product information (product name, product number, manufacturer / creator (author), manufacturing location, manufacturing date, etc.), while a small recording medium (b) 52a is attached to or embedded in the guarantee card 24, storing information including a private key β1 and product information. Depending on the shape, structure, size, etc. of the product 5 requiring authentication and the guarantee card 24, small recording media such as IC chips, two-dimensional codes, and digital watermarks can be used as the small recording media (a1) 51a and the small recording medium (b) 52a.

[0062] Here, the "private key" refers to information for realizing authentication and certification of the product to be authenticated 5, and the integrity of the "private key" itself may be determined, for example, at the time of authentication and certification. The "private key" refers to information that cannot be known by anyone other than a specific user, and may be recorded, for example, on the above-mentioned "small recording medium," or may be recorded in a component used in the authentication and certification system 1, such as the terminal 72 or the dedicated platform 8.

[0063] Furthermore, for example, a "public key" may be generated as a pair with a "private key." In this case, known encryption techniques or electronic signature techniques can be implemented using the "private key" and "public key." Furthermore, during authentication and certification, whether or not a "public key" has been generated as a pair with a "private key" may be considered as a measure of consistency. The "public key" may be recorded on the aforementioned "small recording medium," or may be arbitrarily recorded within a configuration used in the authentication and certification system 1, such as the dedicated platform 8, depending on the intended use. The "private key" and "public key" may be generated using known techniques, and may be arbitrarily generated within a configuration used in the authentication and certification system 1, such as the dedicated platform 8 or the distributed file server 3, depending on the intended use.

[0064] The product information on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 requiring appraisal and the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 is input by various businesses when the product 5 requiring appraisal is shipped.

[0065] 5 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of analog goods authentication certification. In addition to the components necessary for digital goods authentication described above, the system for analog goods authentication certification includes a dedicated platform 8 that records product information for the product 5 requiring authentication and transaction information at each distribution stage until the product 5 reaches the consumer as blockchain data 8b in a blockchain 8a, a terminal 2a connected to the dedicated platform 8 via a public communication network 10 through an application [A] 9, and a terminal 2b connected to the dedicated platform 8 via the public communication network 10 through an application [B] 11.

[0066] Various businesses use application [A] 9 to write product information and transaction information into the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8.

[0067] Using the application [B] 11, the consumer can use the private key α1 assigned to the product 5 requiring authentication and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 to read the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring authentication that have been written to the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8, thereby enabling the consumer to easily obtain highly reliable authentication certification.

[0068] Application [A] 9 is downloaded to terminal 2a and runs, and various businesses can use it to write product information and transaction information to blockchain data 8b on dedicated platform 8. Application [B] 11 is downloaded to terminal 2b and runs, and consumers can read the product information and transaction information of products 5 requiring appraisal that have been written to blockchain data 8b on dedicated platform 8. For example, application [A] 9 may have the same functions as application [B] 11, and application [B] 11 may have the same functions as application [A] 9.

[0069] The private key α1 and information including product information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product to be authenticated 5, and the private key β1 and information including product information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 can be read via wireless communication by bringing a reader 25 connected to the terminal 2a or a terminal 2b configured as a smartphone close to the product 5. In such a case, the communication can also be performed contactlessly using short-range wireless communication such as NFC (Near Field Communication) or RFID (Radio Frequency IDenticifier).

[0070] Figure 6 shows an example of blockchain data 8b in which various businesses record product information and transaction information on a dedicated platform 8 for a product 5 requiring authentication when conducting analog property authentication certification.

[0071] After a product requiring authentication 5 is manufactured by a manufacturer, producer, author, etc., it is shipped together with a guarantee card 24. At the time of shipping, the person in charge of the manufacturer, producer, author, etc. first uses application [A] 9 to write information including the following product information and 5W1H information (who, when, where, what, why, and how), such as the product name, product number, manufacturer, manufacturing location, and manufacturing date, into the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8.

[0072] Next, the person in charge of the manufacturer, producer, author, etc. uses application [A] 9 to write the information recorded by the person in charge of the manufacturer, producer, author, etc., including the inspection results of the product information and the 5W1H information, into the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8.

[0073] Next, after the product 5 requiring authentication is shipped from the manufacturer, producer, author, etc., the logistics company uses application [A] 9 to write information including the date and time when the product was received from the manufacturer, producer, author, etc., the date and time when the product was delivered to the wholesaler, and 5W1H information, into the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8.

[0074] After the product 5 requiring appraisal arrives from the logistics company, the wholesaler uses application [A] 9 to write information including, for example, the date and time the product was delivered by the logistics company, the date and time the logistics company transported it to the retailer, and 5W1H information, into the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8.

[0075] In this way, product information and transaction information from various vendors etc. is written sequentially to the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8.

[0076] The authority to write product information and transaction information to the blockchain data 8b is given only to each of the various traders, etc. related to this information. For example, each of the various traders, etc. may be given only the authority to write product information.

[0077] In this way, various businesses etc. sequentially write down the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring appraisal, so that the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring appraisal can be accurately recorded even if the product 5 is distributed through a complex distribution route or sold over the Internet.

[0078] Furthermore, by writing the product information and transaction information into the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8, it is possible to completely prevent the product information and transaction information from being tampered with. That is, each block in the blockchain data 8b contains a timestamp and a link (hash value) to the previous block, and the data in the block cannot be retroactively changed.

[0079] A consumer who purchases a new or used product 5 requiring authentication can use terminal 2b, private key α1 assigned to the product 5 requiring authentication, and private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24, to use application [B] 11 to read the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring authentication that has been written to the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8. This allows only the genuine consumer who owns the product 5 requiring authentication and the guarantee card 24 to easily provide highly reliable authentication proof.

[0080] Similarly, with this type of analog goods authentication certification, consumers who purchase a product 5 requiring authentication that has been distributed through complex distribution channels or sold over the internet can easily obtain highly reliable authentication certification. In this analog goods authentication certification, various businesses sequentially write product information and transaction information for the product 5 requiring authentication to the blockchain data 8b on the dedicated platform 8. This allows the product information and transaction information to be accurately recorded, and also completely prevents tampering with the product information and transaction information. This further increases the reliability of the authentication certification.

[0081] Furthermore, in analog goods authentication certification, only the true consumer who owns the product to be authenticated 5 and the guarantee card 24 can perform authentication certification by using the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 to read the product information and transaction information of the product to be authenticated 5 written in the blockchain data 8b of the dedicated platform 8. Therefore, a third party who does not own the product to be authenticated 5 or the guarantee card 24 cannot perform such authentication certification itself.

[0082] In addition, when conducting the analog goods authentication certification, the product to be authenticated 5 includes the small recording medium (a1) and the small recording medium (a2) storing information including the private key α2. n A small recording medium (a n ) can be attached or incorporated. This allows not only the private key α1 and the private key β1 but also the private keys α2 to α n At least two of all the private keys (e.g., private key α1 and private keys β1, α2 to α n Multi-signature authentication can be adopted, in which authentication proof is established when at least one of the n small recording media (a1) to (a n By attaching or incorporating a small recording medium to each part of the product 5 requiring authentication, it is possible to detect even if some of the parts have been replaced with counterfeits. For example, if the product 5 requiring authentication is an automobile, by attaching or incorporating a small recording medium to the body and each tire, authentication certification can be performed for all parts.

[0083] In addition, in the appraisal certification system 1, preferably, the small recording media (a1) to (a n At least one of the above small recording medium (b) and the above small recording medium (c) can be equipped with a GPS function. This makes it possible to easily locate the parts of the product requiring appraisal 5 or the guarantee card 24 even if they are lost or stolen.

[0084] When performing hybrid authentication certification by combining such analog goods authentication certification with the above-mentioned digital goods authentication certification, three items are prepared: the product to be authenticated 5 and the guarantee card 24 required for analog goods authentication certification, and the transaction hash or two-dimensional code required for digital goods authentication certification, as shown in Figure 7(a).

[0085] Then, using the terminal 72, the private key α1 assigned to the product 5 to be authenticated and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 are used to read the product information and transaction information of the product 5 to be authenticated, which are recorded in the blockchain 8a of the dedicated platform 8. At the same time, the transaction hash or two-dimensional code is used to access the application installed on the terminal 72 and perform authentication certification. In addition to being able to determine the consistency of the transaction hash or two-dimensional code on the application side, it is also possible to determine whether the read product information and transaction information of the product 5 to be authenticated are both correct. Only when it is determined that both authentication results in this multi-sig authentication are correct can the product 5 to be determined to be authentic.

[0086] Even if the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 used in the analog goods authentication certification and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 are forged or illegally copied, this hybrid authentication certification cannot be overlooked unless authentication is certified through the transaction hash or two-dimensional code used in this digital goods authentication certification. In other words, this hybrid authentication certification can provide a more reliable authentication certification system 1 by combining digital goods authentication certification with analog goods authentication certification.

[0087] While the present invention has been described using an example in which three items are prepared, namely, the product to be authenticated 5, the guarantee card 24, and either a transaction hash or a two-dimensional code, as shown in Fig. 7(a), the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in Fig. 7(b), hybrid authentication proof can be similarly achieved by preparing a combination of only two items, namely, the product to be authenticated 5 or the guarantee card 24, and either a transaction hash or a two-dimensional code.

[0088] That is, in analog goods authentication certification, the private key α1 assigned to the product 5 requiring authentication or the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 is used to read the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring authentication recorded in the blockchain 8a of the dedicated platform 8. In addition, the transaction hash or two-dimensional code can be used to determine consistency via an application installed on the terminal 72. Only when all of these authentication results in multi-sig authentication are determined to be correct can the product 5 requiring authentication be determined to be authentic.

[0089] Furthermore, as an alternative to the above-described analog property authentication proof, ownership proof may be performed through a blockchain wallet for storing tokens such as Ethereum, as described below. The blockchain wallet ownership proof described below is one example, and other methods such as DID (Decentralized Identity), SSI (Self-Sovereign Identity), or DIW (Digital Identity Wallet) may also be used. Furthermore, verifiable credentials (VC) certified by governments or public institutions, such as Japan's "gBizID" or "My Number (Individual Number)," may also be used as an alternative, and of course, any other means of ownership proof may be used without limitation.

[0090] As an alternative to the above-mentioned guarantee card 24, a microchip (IC chip), a two-dimensional code, an electronic watermark, etc. may be used as appropriate depending on the shape, structure, size, etc.

[0091] Figure 8 shows the flowchart for proof of ownership through a blockchain wallet.

[0092] In step S31, the owner 41 first requests a one-time token from the backend 42. The owner 41 here is, for example, the owner of a blockchain wallet that can be used as a web browser extension or smartphone app, and is shown as an example of the user mentioned above. The owner 41 sends and receives information through the frontend, which refers to the element that directly exchanges data with the owner 41, and in web development, refers to the web browser side (client side). The backend 42 refers to server-side processing, and generally refers to mechanisms, functions, and components such as servers, databases, functions, and programs and modules that handle processing that are not visible to the owner 41.

[0093] Next, the process proceeds to step S32, where the backend 42 returns the one-time token to the owner 41. The expiration date of this one-time token may be, for example, a few seconds to a few minutes.

[0094] Next, the process moves to step S33, where the owner 41 issues a signature creation request to the blockchain wallet 43. This blockchain wallet 43 is, for example, a program that handles crypto assets. In this blockchain wallet 43, the address and its private key are not stored on an external server, and remittance processing and the like may all be performed on the browser.

[0095] Next, the process proceeds to step S34, where the signature is returned from the blockchain wallet 43 to the owner 41.

[0096] Next, the process moves to step S35, where the owner 41 sends the message, one-time token, signature data, and blockchain wallet address to the backend 42. That is, before signing, the owner 41 requests a one-time token for owner authentication from the backend 42, which is used for signing. When sending the signature data to the backend 42, the owner 41 also sends the one-time token mentioned above. The backend 42 verifies the signature data and one-time token.

[0097] The backend 42 converts the signed message into hash data according to a standard, and then transmits the hash message and signature data to the smart contract 44 (step S36). The smart contract 44 here is a mechanism for automatically executing a contract on the blockchain 8a, and runs on the server of the blockchain 8a.

[0098] Next, the process proceeds to step S37, where the verification address is returned from the smart contract 44 to the backend 42. The backend 42 verifies the verification address. In this case, the backend 42 checks the consistency between the blockchain wallet address and the verification blockchain wallet address.

[0099] Next, the process proceeds to step S38, where the backend 42 sends the blockchain wallet owner certificate to the owner 41. If the owner 41 wants to certify the ownership of the product 5 requiring authentication, this can be achieved by reading out the owner certification data (blockchain wallet owner certificate) recorded in the smart contract (blockchain 8a) in this manner.

[0100] Therefore, as an alternative to the analog property authentication certification described above, it is possible to read out the owner certification data (blockchain wallet owner certification) recorded in the blockchain 8a in this manner, and perform hybrid authentication certification based on the transaction hash or two-dimensional code issued from the dedicated platform 8, as shown in Figure 9(a).

[0101] In addition, when using such blockchain wallet owner certification, it may be further combined with analog goods authentication certification, as shown in Figure 9(b). In such a case, the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 in the analog goods authentication certification and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 may be used, or either the private key α1 or the private key β1 may be used. Hybrid authentication certification can be performed based on the private key α1 and / or the private key β1 in addition to the owner certification data (blockchain wallet owner certification), transaction hash, or two-dimensional code.

[0102] Furthermore, according to the present invention, authentication via NFT is not required, and authentication via an identifier may be performed as shown in Figure 10. Since the identifier itself is unique, authentication can be performed via this identifier.

[0103] The consumer or manufacturer, producer, author, etc. obtains the identifier from the dedicated platform 8. At this time, if a two-dimensional code corresponding to the identifier has been generated in step S23 in addition to the identifier, the consumer or manufacturer, producer, author, etc. may obtain the two-dimensional code.

[0104] When certifying the authentication, in addition to the acquired identifier or the two-dimensional code corresponding to that identifier, a private key α1 assigned to the product 5 to be authenticated as shown in Figure 10(a), or a private key β1 assigned to the private key α1 and the guarantee card 24 as shown in Figure 10(b) is prepared.

[0105] Then, using the terminal 2, the private key α1, or the private key α1 and the private key β1, is used to read the product information and transaction information of the product to be appraised 5 recorded in the blockchain 8a via the dedicated platform 8. At the same time, the identifier or a two-dimensional code corresponding to the identifier is used to access the dedicated platform 8 or the distributed file server 3 and read the identifier of the product to be appraised 5 recorded there. Only when it is determined that the read product information, transaction information, and identifier of the product to be appraised 5 are all correct can the product to be appraised 5 be determined to be genuine. Note that the criteria for determining that a product is genuine may be, for example, that at least one of the product information, transaction information, and identifier of the product to be appraised 5 is correct, and can be set arbitrarily depending on the application.

[0106] In the example of Figure 10, a hybrid authentication proof may be performed by further combining owner proof data (blockchain wallet owner proof).

[0107] Furthermore, for digital goods, for example, hybrid authentication certification may be performed using the acquired identifier or a two-dimensional code corresponding to that identifier, as well as the private key β1 attached to the guarantee card 24, as shown in Figure 11. For digital goods, the product to be authenticated 5 is not embodied as a physical object, and the small recording medium a itself cannot be attached, so hybrid authentication certification is performed using only the private key β1, omitting the private key α1. In the example of Figure 11, hybrid authentication certification may also be performed by further combining owner certification data (blockchain wallet owner certification).

[0108] Count-up authentication certificate The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be implemented by incorporating an appraisal certificate based on counting up.

[0109] In this count-up authentication certification, the time of the authentication certification is recorded sequentially on the blockchain 8a each time the above-mentioned authentication certification is performed. For example, if the authentication certification is performed at 10:15 on August 19th, the time of 10:15 on August 19th is recorded on the blockchain 8a. If the next authentication certification is performed at 9:54 on September 23rd, the time of 9:54 on September 23rd is recorded on the blockchain 8a. If the next authentication certification is performed at 1:34 on November 4th, the time of 1:34 on November 4th is recorded on the blockchain 8a. As a result, the time points at which authentication certifications are recorded are sequentially accumulated on the blockchain 8a.

[0110] The authentication certification by counting up is based on the time recorded in the blockchain 8a. For example, if multiple authentication certifications are recorded in the blockchain 8a at the same time, it is clear that one of the products to be authenticated 5 is genuine and the other is a fake. In such a case, a notification to that effect may be sent.

[0111] Furthermore, if the time difference between the authentication certificates is several tens of seconds, several minutes to several tens of minutes, or even several hours, it may be suspicious because it is rare for the same item to be authenticated frequently. In such cases, a notification to that effect may also be sent.

[0112] In this way, the authenticity of the authentication certificate is determined based on the time points of the authentication certificates recorded sequentially in the blockchain 8a. At this time, a threshold may be set for the interval between the times recorded in the blockchain 8a, and authentication certificates may be performed based on whether or not the interval is below the threshold.

[0113] Furthermore, in addition to the time of the authentication certification, location information regarding the location where the authentication certification was performed may also be linked and recorded in the blockchain 8a. For example, if the time is 10:15 on August 19th and the location where the authentication certification was performed is "Marunouchi, Tokyo," the time of 10:15 on August 19th and the location information "Marunouchi, Tokyo" are recorded in the blockchain 8a. If the next time the authentication certification was performed is 2:09 on December 21st and the location where the authentication certification was performed is "Address XX in Paris," the time of 2:09 on December 21st and the location information "Address XX in Paris" are recorded in the blockchain 8a. As a result, the time at which each authentication certification was recorded and its location information are sequentially accumulated on the blockchain 8a.

[0114] In this case, if the location information recorded in the blockchain 8a at the time of the first authentication certification is Tokyo and the location information recorded at the time of the subsequent authentication certification is Paris, and the time interval between these two certifications is only two hours, it is clear that one of the products to be authenticated 5 is genuine and the other is a fake, since it is impossible to fly from Tokyo to Paris in two hours. In such a case, a notification to that effect may be sent to the registered email address, or an alert pop-up may be displayed via an application installed on the terminal 2, or a red warning message may be displayed on the screen.

[0115] In this way, the authenticity of the authentication certificate is determined based on the time and location information of the authentication certificate recorded sequentially in the blockchain 8a. In this case, if a threshold is set for the interval between the times recorded in the blockchain 8a and the determination is made, the threshold may be set in relation to the location information.

[0116] In addition, this determination of authenticity may be based on whether or not the authentication was performed over a distance that is impossible to travel within a predetermined time, or may be based on whether or not a predetermined number of authentications were performed in a day, or whether or not the total number of authentications exceeded a predetermined number, regardless of location information. That is, the authenticity is determined based on the number of authentications performed in a predetermined period of time. The authenticity is determined based on whether or not the number of authentications performed in a predetermined period of time exceeds a threshold. If the number of authentications performed in a predetermined period of time exceeds the threshold, it is unusual for so many authentications to be performed in such a short period of time, so the authenticity may be determined to be suspicious and an alert may be sent.

[0117] Furthermore, if the product requiring authentication 5 is a cosmetic product or the like and has an IC chip-equipped tamper-evident seal affixed to it, the IC chip-equipped tamper-evident seal will be broken upon use. Therefore, it is impossible for multiple authentication certificates to be issued, and if multiple authentication certificates were issued, it would clearly prove that counterfeit products are in circulation. In such cases, it would be beneficial to determine the authenticity of the product based on the number of authentication certificates issued within a specified period.

[0118] Table 1 shows an example of the time and location information of the authentication certifications recorded sequentially on the blockchain 8a. The number of times the authentication result has been displayed indicates the number of times the authentication certification has been performed. The time is displayed using the date and time. Location information is displayed at the country, prefecture, city, town, or village level, but is not limited to this.

[0119] [Table 1]

[0120] Incidentally, the acquisition of the location information is implemented, for example, in the terminal 2 and / or the terminal 72 that is going to perform the authentication certification.

[0121] The current location information may be obtained via an application, or the information may be obtained by tracing the accessed IP address.

[0122] Authentication using traceability Below, we will explain the appraisal certification method using traceability.

[0123] 12 shows the flow of an authentication and certification method using traceability. In the authentication and certification method, multiple users related to the product 5 to be authenticated possess first verification information. The first verification information includes at least one of the above-mentioned blockchain wallet address, the public key used to generate the blockchain wallet address, the private key used to generate the blockchain wallet address, the DID, the SSI, the DIW, or the VC (for example, the G Biz ID or My Number).

[0124] For example, when DID is used as the first verification information, the information to be used can be set for each user. This makes it possible to suppress the use of unnecessary information. In addition to the above, for example, G Biz ID or My Number can be positioned as more reliable information than DID. Therefore, by using G Biz ID, My Number, or DIW as the first verification information, it is possible to improve the reliability of the authentication and certification method.

[0125] Furthermore, during authentication and certification, the first verification information held by the user as the authentication certifier is regarded as first signature information and is used to determine consistency with the first verification information recorded in the blockchain 8a, etc. In the authentication and certification method, the consistency can be determined by, for example, performing the processes of "signature" and "signature verification" in electronic signature technology.

[0126] The following describes the case where a blockchain wallet address is used as the first verification information and the first signature information. Note that the same applies when at least one of DID, SSI, DIW, and VC (e.g., G Biz ID or My Number) is used as the first verification information and the first signature information, so the description is omitted.

[0127] Before starting this flow, it is assumed that each user, such as a manufacturer, producer, author, logistics company, or consumer, has been assigned the aforementioned blockchain wallet address. This blockchain wallet address may be assigned by the system operator. The private key and public key associated with this blockchain wallet address may be distributed to users, such as the manufacturer, producer, author, logistics company, or consumer, who hold the blockchain wallet address. Alternatively, they may be recorded within the configuration used in the authentication and certification system 1, such as the dedicated platform 8 described above. They may also be included in a small recording medium (e.g., a two-dimensional code) or as part of the NFT information, and may be set arbitrarily depending on the application. Alternatively, each entity, such as a manufacturer, author, logistics company, or consumer, may independently obtain a blockchain wallet address.

[0128] First, in step S41, digital property data is acquired for the product 5 requiring authentication. This digital property data acquisition is performed for the subject of authentication certification. As described above, this digital property data may be digital property data obtained by a manufacturer, creator, or copyright owner via a terminal 2. Alternatively, it may be data originally assigned to or linked to the product 5 and recorded on a recording medium. This digital property data may be any digital content requiring authentication certification, such as digital images, digital audio, digital music, or digital video, and may have file extensions such as jpg, png, gif, mp3, or mov. At this time, the aforementioned supplementary information and any product information related to the product 5 requiring authentication may also be acquired together with this digital property data. In such cases, a CSV file containing such digital property data, registration number, supplementary information, product information, etc. may be acquired.

[0129] Next, proceed to step S42, where such digital goods data, accompanying information, product information, etc. are registered on the dedicated platform 8, thereby obtaining NFT information in the same manner as described above, and automatically generating a transaction hash corresponding to the NFT information. This transaction hash may be embodied as data such as an ID (also called a TxID), or may be embodied as a blockchain address.

[0130] Then, a new first hash is generated by further hashing based on this transaction hash. Note that instead of generating the first hash based on the transaction hash, the transaction hash itself may be used as the first hash.

[0131] The issued NFT information is of course linked to the transaction hash, but this NFT information is also linked to the first hash generated from this transaction hash. This NFT information is recorded on the blockchain 8a.

[0132] Next, the process proceeds to step S43, where, similarly to the analog goods authentication certificate described above, information including the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated, and / or information including the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 is read. Then, a second hash generated when recording the read information in the blockchain 8a is obtained.

[0133] The guarantee card 24 includes not only a physical guarantee card that is actually embodied as a card-shaped item, but also a logical guarantee card that is digital information without being embodied as an item.

[0134] Next, the process proceeds to step S44, where a new third hash is generated based on the obtained first hash and second hash. This third hash may be generated by multiplying or summing the first hash and the second hash, and using this as the third hash, or by any other well-known method. The obtained third hash is recorded on the blockchain 8a. At this time, this third hash may be recorded by linking it to the above-mentioned NFT information or a transaction hash corresponding to that NFT information as a two-dimensional code.

[0135] The pre-processing of steps S41 to S44 above may be performed in advance by the operating company, or may be performed by other related parties (manufacturers, producers, copyright holders, logistics companies, consumers, etc.). The subsequent process of distribution of the product requiring appraisal 5 from the manufacturers, producers, and copyright holders to logistics companies and consumers begins with step S45, which will be described below.

[0136] In the present invention, blockchain wallet addresses may be assigned using Web 2.0, which can be considered a centralized system, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, Web 3.0 may be implemented, in which all of an individual's digital assets are stored in a blockchain wallet without the need to enter personal information (gender, nationality, race, age, etc.), and no one can erase it. In other words, Web 3.0 may be implemented in a decentralized system that does not rely on a central authority.

[0137] In step S45, the product 5 requiring authentication, created by the manufacturer / producer / author, is first transferred to the logistics company. In other words, in step S45, the ownership of the product 5 requiring authentication is transferred from the manufacturer / producer / author to the logistics company. At this time, the small recording medium (a1) and small recording medium (b) accompanying the product 5 requiring authentication are also transferred in the same way. The ownership of the NFT information of the product 5 requiring authentication is also transferred in the same way.

[0138] Each time a transfer occurs, the blockchain wallet address of the transferee's owner is linked to the NFT information and recorded. Before the transfer, the blockchain wallet address of the manufacturer, creator, or author was linked to the NFT information and recorded, but when the transfer occurs, the blockchain wallet address of the logistics company is newly linked to the NFT information and recorded. In such cases, various businesses may use application [A] or the like to record the blockchain wallet address at the time of transfer in the blockchain 8a of the dedicated platform 8.

[0139] That is, in step S45, for example, using application [A] 9 as a recording means, the first verification information (here, blockchain wallet addresses) held by each of multiple users involved in the product to be authenticated 5 can be linked to the NFT information and recorded in the order in which the multiple users are involved. Note that in step S45, for example, the terminal 2, 72 held by the user or the dedicated platform 8 may be used as the recording means instead of application [A] 9. Furthermore, the recording means may record various information such as the first verification information in, for example, the distributed file server 3 or other databases in addition to the blockchain 8a.

[0140] Also, in step S45, the logistics company receives this transaction hash or two-dimensional code from various businesses or the dedicated platform 8 (for example, a marketplace) along with the product requiring authentication 5. The logistics company that has received the transaction hash or two-dimensional code can use the transaction hash or two-dimensional code to access the blockchain 8a of the dedicated platform 8 and read the NFT information of the product requiring authentication 5 recorded therein.

[0141] The process proceeds to step S46, where the product to be authenticated 5 is transferred from the logistics company to the consumer. At this time, the small recording medium (a1) and small recording medium (b) accompanying the product to be authenticated 5 are also transferred. The owner of the NFT information of the product to be authenticated 5 is also transferred in the same manner.

[0142] Each time a transfer occurs, the blockchain wallet address of the owner of the transfer destination is linked to the NFT information and recorded, so the new owner's blockchain wallet address is linked to the NFT information and recorded.

[0143] Also, in step S46, the consumer receives this transaction hash or two-dimensional code from various businesses or the dedicated platform 8 (e.g., a marketplace) along with the product to be authenticated 5. The consumer who receives the transaction hash or two-dimensional code can use the transaction hash or two-dimensional code to access the blockchain 8a of the dedicated platform 8 and read the NFT information of the product to be authenticated 5 recorded therein.

[0144] Such consumers can attempt to certify the authentication of the product 5 requiring authentication via the dedicated platform 8. Step S47 will be described below as an example of the operation during authentication certification, and a user such as a consumer attempting this authentication certification will be referred to as an authentication certifier.

[0145] In step S47, the authentication certifier first writes to the log by accessing the dedicated platform 8, and ultimately the blockchain 8a. This log writing can be realized from the user interface of the application, and for example, the authentication certifier's personal information such as name and date of birth, as well as any other information, is entered by following the instructions on the user interface. Even without user interface guidance, any information entered by the authentication certifier, or any character string that has no meaning as information, can be considered as writing to this log.

[0146] In such a case, if a private key is assigned to the authentication certifier when the blockchain wallet address is assigned, the authentication certifier may access the log via this private key. Of course, the authentication certifier may generate and use the blockchain address itself. When signing using the private key, the blockchain wallet address can be automatically obtained on the blockchain 8a. Alternatively, the private key may be entered on a user interface, and the dedicated platform 8 may verify whether or not a blockchain wallet address has been assigned to the private key. If a blockchain wallet address has been assigned to the private key, the dedicated platform 8 signs it. If this signature is executed, the log writing is deemed successful; otherwise, the log writing is deemed unsuccessful. This signature may be executed automatically by a program.

[0147] To write a log, a signature via a private key may be required, for example. Once the signature is entered, a blockchain wallet address can be automatically obtained on the blockchain 8a. Therefore, the blockchain wallet address can be obtained by prompting the authentication certifier to write a log on the user interface. For example, a public key can be identified via the private key, and the blockchain wallet address can be obtained via this public key.

[0148] The dedicated platform 8 can determine that it is the owner of the blockchain wallet address. On the other hand, if the log writing fails, it can determine that it is not the owner of the blockchain wallet address. If it determines that it is the owner of the blockchain wallet address, it reads out the determined blockchain wallet address (hereinafter referred to as the second blockchain wallet address or the first signature information).

[0149] The method for obtaining the second blockchain wallet address is not limited to the above-mentioned method, and any other method may be used. The second blockchain wallet address may be obtained by having the authentication certifier enter it directly.

[0150] Also, in this step S47, the blockchain wallet address linked to the NFT information corresponding to the transaction hash obtained from the authentication certifier or the corresponding two-dimensional code is read from the blockchain 8a. This blockchain wallet address read from the blockchain 8a is hereinafter referred to as the first blockchain wallet address (or first verification information).

[0151] Next, the consistency between the first blockchain wallet address and the second blockchain wallet address is determined. If the first blockchain wallet address and the second blockchain wallet address are identical, the matching is complete. Once the matching is complete, it can be determined that the product to be authenticated 5 is genuine and not a counterfeit. On the other hand, if the first blockchain wallet address and the second blockchain wallet address are not identical, it can be determined that the authentication certifier is not the owner of the product to be authenticated 5.

[0152] The reason for this is that each time the ownership of NFT information is transferred, the first blockchain wallet address that is linked to and recorded serves as evidence that the product is authentic. This serves as evidence that the holder of the second blockchain wallet address that is the same as this first blockchain wallet address currently owns the authentic product 5 that needs to be authenticated. Therefore, by determining the consistency between this first blockchain wallet address and the second blockchain wallet address, it is possible to prove the authenticity of the product 5 that needs to be authenticated.

[0153] For example, the first verification information such as the first blockchain address read in step S47 is consistent with the first signature information held by the most recent user of multiple users who is involved in the product to be authenticated 5. In this case, in step S47, only the most recent user can authenticate as the authentication certifier. This makes it easy to identify the user who currently owns or manages the product to be authenticated 5.

[0154] The first verification information such as the first blockchain address read in step S47 is consistent with the first signature information held by, for example, a user (i.e., a past user) who was involved before the most recent user involved in the product to be authenticated 5 among multiple users. In this case, in step S47, the past user can perform authentication certification as an authentication certifier. This makes it possible to identify users who have been involved in the product to be authenticated 5.

[0155] For example, step S47 may involve a process of granting a user who has met the authentication requirements for the product 5 the authority to view at least a portion of the information related to the product 5 (e.g., product information and transaction information used when recording in the blockchain 8a).

[0156] In addition, in step S47, the determination may be made by combining, for example, the appraisal certificate described below.

[0157] In step S47, a fourth hash is generated based on the transaction hash obtained from the authentication certifier or the transaction hash associated with the NFT information corresponding to the two-dimensional code corresponding to the transaction hash. The method for generating this fourth hash is the same as the method for generating the first hash described above.

[0158] In step S47, information including the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated, and / or information including the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 is read. Then, a fifth hash generated when recording the read information in the blockchain 8a is obtained.

[0159] Next, a new sixth hash is generated based on the obtained fourth hash and fifth hash. The method for generating this sixth hash is the same as the method for generating the third hash described above.

[0160] The consistency of the sixth hash obtained in this way and the third hash is determined.

[0161] If the product to be authenticated 5 is genuine, the fifth hash generated when recording information read from the small recording medium (a1) 51a and the small recording medium (b) 52a on the blockchain 8a will be the same as the second hash. Also, if the authentication certifier holds the genuine product, the fourth hash generated based on the transaction hash received from the dedicated platform 8 (e.g., a marketplace) or the transaction hash linked to the two-dimensional code will be the same as the first hash.

[0162] Therefore, whether the product to be authenticated 5 is authentic can be determined by determining whether the sixth hash generated based on the fourth hash and the fifth hash is identical to the third hash. Specifically, after generating the sixth hash, a search is performed to determine whether the same third hash is stored on the blockchain 8a. In this way, by performing determination not only based on the first hash and the second hash but also based on the third hash generated based on these, confidentiality can be further improved. In addition, when recording in the blockchain 8a, instead of recording both the first hash and the second hash, it is only necessary to record only one third hash reflecting these, thereby improving the recording speed and speeding up processing operations.

[0163] In the present invention, the authentication of the product to be authenticated 5 may be verified by determining both the consistency between the first and second blockchain wallet addresses and the consistency between the third hash and the sixth hash. That is, if the first and second blockchain wallet addresses are identical and the third hash and the sixth hash are identical, the verification is complete. Upon completion of the verification, it is determined that the product to be authenticated 5 is genuine. On the other hand, if either or both of the first and second blockchain wallet addresses, or the third hash and the sixth hash, are not identical, it can be determined that the authentication certifier is not the owner of the product to be authenticated 5.

[0164] In this way, the present invention can perform authentication based on two completely different methods: matching the first blockchain wallet address with the second blockchain wallet address, and matching the third hash with the sixth hash. Therefore, even if a product 5 successfully evades one of the authentication methods and is determined to be genuine, if it is determined to be a counterfeit by the other authentication method, the product 5 will not be determined to be genuine. In this way, it is possible to achieve higher levels of authentication accuracy for products 5 that require stronger authentication.

[0165] The above-described steps S43 to S47 are performed using the application [A] 9 and the application [B] 11, and may also be performed, for example, at least partly using the dedicated platform 8.

[0166] In addition to the above, for example, the authentication certification method may perform authentication certification without generating the third hash and the sixth hash. In this case, the second to fourth verification information and the second to fourth signature information are used for authentication certification. Each piece of verification information and each piece of signature information may include, for example, hash-format information, or may include information obtained by encrypting or digitally signing the hash-format information (hereinafter referred to as encryption, etc.). Note that each piece of verification information and each piece of signature information may include at least one of a private key and a public key used for encryption, etc.

[0167] In this case, as shown in FIG. 13, for example, in step S43a, which is a variation of step S43, second verification information based on information including at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated is recorded in the blockchain 8a. The second verification information may indicate information including at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information, or may indicate information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing information including at least one of the product information and transaction information using the private key α1. In addition to the above, the second verification information may indicate, for example, hash-format information obtained when recording at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information in the blockchain 8a, or information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing the hash.

[0168] Also, in step S43a, third verification information based on information including at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 is recorded on the blockchain 8a. The third verification information may indicate information including at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information, or may indicate information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing information including at least one of the product information and transaction information using the private key β1. In addition to the above, the third verification information may indicate information in hash format obtained when recording at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information on the blockchain 8a, or information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing the hash.

[0169] In step S43a, fourth verification information generated based on, for example, the transaction hash is recorded in the blockchain. The fourth verification information may indicate the transaction hash or may indicate information obtained by encrypting the transaction hash. The fourth verification information may be generated based on, for example, a two-dimensional code corresponding to the transaction hash.

[0170] Step S43a can be performed using the application [A] 9, or alternatively, for example, it can be performed using the dedicated platform 8 for at least a part of the processing.

[0171] Then, without performing step S44 described above, in step S47a, which is a variation of step S47, second signature information is obtained based on information including at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated obtained from the authentication certifier, for example. The second signature information may indicate information including at least one of the product information and transaction information, or may indicate information in hash format generated when reading at least one of the product information and transaction information and recording the read information in the blockchain 8a. Note that the second signature information may be obtained, for example, by implementing a generation method similar to that of the fifth hash described above.

[0172] In step S47a, third signature information is obtained based on information including at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 obtained from the authentication certifier. The third signature information may indicate information including at least one of the product information and transaction information, or may indicate information in hash format generated when reading at least one of the product information and transaction information and recording the read information in the blockchain 8a. The third signature information may be obtained, for example, by implementing a generation method similar to that of the fifth hash described above.

[0173] In step S47a, the fourth signature information is obtained based on the transaction hash obtained from the authentication certifier or a two-dimensional code corresponding to the transaction hash. The fourth signature information may be obtained by, for example, performing a generation method similar to that for the fourth hash described above.

[0174] Then, in step S47a, at least one of the consistency between the second verification information and the second signature information, the consistency between the third verification information and the third signature information, and the consistency between the fourth verification information and the fourth signature information is determined. The consistency between each piece of verification information and the signature information may be determined, for example, for information of the same format (e.g., information in hash format), or may be determined for information in hash format on one side and information that has undergone processing such as encryption on the other side. In either case, the determination can be made using known techniques. As a method for determining the consistency between each piece of signature information and each piece of verification information, for example, after acquiring each piece of signature information, a search may be performed to determine whether the same verification information is recorded on the blockchain 8a, and then the determination may be made based on the results of the search.

[0175] In this case, the product to be authenticated 5 may be deemed to be satisfied (i.e., genuine) if at least one of the results of the comparison between the first verification information and the first signature information, the results of the comparison between the third verification information and the third signature information, and the results of the comparison between the fourth verification information and the fourth signature information is consistent, and the results of the comparison between the second verification information and the second signature information is consistent. This makes it possible to achieve authentication of the product to be authenticated 5 using other information, even if a defect occurs in some of the information used for authentication certification, thereby expanding the possibilities for use.

[0176] Step S47a can be performed using the application [B] 11, and can also be performed using the dedicated platform 8 for at least a part of the processing, for example.

[0177] According to the authentication certification system 1 in the above-described embodiment, highly reliable authentication certification can be performed even when authenticating digital goods. Furthermore, the authentication certification method in the above-described embodiment can be implemented using, for example, each component of the authentication certification system 1, and highly reliable authentication certification can be performed even when authenticating digital goods.

[0178] The electronic devices, such as the terminals 2 and 72, the distributed file server 3, the dedicated platform 8, the application [A] 9, and the application [B] 11, each include a processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory (RAM), and a read-only memory (ROM), and execute the various processes described above. The electronic devices also include a data storage device, such as a hard disk drive (HDD), and store various types of information.

[0179] Although the embodiment has been described above, this embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This embodiment can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. This embodiment and its modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included in the inventions and their equivalents set forth in the claims.

[0180] This embodiment also relates to multi-signature authentication, in which authentication proof is established when multiple authentication elements are present. Here, "authentication proof is established when multiple authentication elements are present" strictly means that authentication proof is established when an integer number greater than half of the multiple authentication elements are present. However, this embodiment is not limited to this. In other embodiments, "authentication proof is established when multiple authentication elements are present" may also mean "authentication proof is established when all authentication elements are present." Note that the above-mentioned multi-signature authentication is an abbreviation for multi-signature authentication. Multi-signature (multisig) is a security technology used on the Internet, and refers to a state in which multiple digital signatures are required when sending information such as crypto assets. More specifically, the sender applies a hash function to the data to obtain a hash, which is an output value. Next, the sender encrypts the hash using a private key known only to the sender, and sends the original data, the encrypted hash, and the public key to the receiver. The receiver first applies a hash function to the original data to obtain a hash, and then decrypts the encrypted hash with a public key. If the obtained hash matches the decrypted hash, it is proven that the original data sent by the sender is the sender's own and has not been tampered with. To address the issue of private key leakage, multi-signatures require multiple private keys when sending data.

[0181] Multi-signature authentication is a security technique that requires multiple electronic signatures to authorize a specific action or transaction. The multiple authentication factors used for multi-signature authentication may include, for example, a combination of one or more product information and one or more transaction information, a combination of one or more verification information and one or more signature information, or a combination of multiple private keys. Authentication factors are not limited to these. Furthermore, "third-party authentication" may be added to the authentication factors (ID). "Third-party authentication" can be authentication objectively certified by governments, public institutions, experts, think tanks, non-profit organizations, etc. (e.g., "gBizID" or "My Number" in Japan), but it can also be substituted with any other authentication. These technical aspects are described in detail below.

[0182] In the authentication certification system 1 shown in FIG. 1 etc., authentication certification of the authentication certification target may be performed using multi-signature authentication, which requires multiple correspondences. This makes it possible to perform highly reliable authentication certification even when authenticating analog or digital goods. Note that the authentication certification target, i.e., the target requiring authentication, may be the product requiring authentication (tangible object) itself, digital property data of the product requiring authentication (tangible object), or digital property data without a tangible object (see FIG. 23). Furthermore, at least one of the multiple authentication elements used for multi-signature authentication may be certified by a third party. Furthermore, when authenticating, as multiple correspondences, authentication of the authentication certification target may be performed using multi-signature authentication only for a first identifier that is individually assigned to the authentication certification target based on the digital property data of the authentication certification target, or authentication of the authentication certification target may be performed using multi-signature authentication only for a second identifier that is generated while recording information of the authentication certification target linked to the first identifier on the blockchain, or authentication of the authentication certification target may be performed using multi-signature authentication for the first identifier and the second identifier.

[0183] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those that utilize blockchain technology using so-called distributed ledger technology (DLT (an aspect in which the same data is recorded in all files)). When authenticating, product information regarding the product requiring authentication and transaction information at each distribution stage until the product requiring authentication is delivered to the consumer are read from the dedicated platform 8, and the authentication of the product requiring authentication is performed using the read transaction information and product information. Various other aspects may be used, even if the same data is not recorded in all files. In yet another aspect, verification information linked to the identifier of the product requiring authentication 5 is read from the dedicated platform 8, and the consistency between the verification information and signature information held by the authentication certifier is determined. The authentication of the product requiring authentication 5 may be performed by also referring to the consistency between the verification information and signature information. Product information refers to overall data or detailed information regarding the product, such as the product's basic characteristics, design, quality, price, usage, and market positioning, and may consist of one or more of these pieces of information. Furthermore, transaction information refers to a collection of important data or information necessary for business operations, such as details of products and services related to business transactions, prices, market trends, customer data, competitive information, supply chain management, and compliance with legal regulations, and may consist of one or more of these pieces of information. Embodiments relating to such other aspects of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 14 to 23. In describing the embodiments relating to other aspects of the present invention using Figures 14 to 23, the same components as those in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 13 will be designated by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted.

[0184] The system configuration of an authentication and certification system according to another aspect of the present invention is almost the same as that shown in FIG. 1, but does not use a distributed file server 3. A storage 103 may be used instead of the distributed file server 3 (see FIG. 15), or the storage 103 may not be used (see FIG. 16). Furthermore, the dedicated platform 8 does not have a blockchain 8a, but instead has a database 108 (see FIGS. 15, 16, etc.). The database 108 does not need to be recorded collectively in a single table; it is sufficient that the elemental data are linked together in some way. It is sufficient that the elements recorded across multiple storage means are linked together in some way.

[0185] In the authentication certification system according to other aspects of the present invention, such as those shown in Figures 14 to 23, it is possible to realize two types of authentication certification, broadly classified as digital property authentication certification and hybrid authentication certification, as described below.

[0186] Digital Property Authentication Certificate First, we will explain the processing operation of digital property authentication certification. Digital property authentication may be performed by acquiring digital property data for the product 5 requiring authentication, as shown in Figure 14(a). Alternatively, the subject of digital property authentication may be any digital content requiring authentication, such as digital images, digital audio, digital music, or digital video, which are intangible objects that do not originate from tangible objects. This digital property data is acquired for tangible or intangible objects. Figure 23 illustrates analog property, digital property obtained by digitizing a tangible object, and digital property that is digital from the beginning. Analog property refers to the tangible object itself. Digital property obtained by digitizing a tangible object is digital image data consisting of digital property data captured using a terminal 2 or a digital camera, etc., of the tangible product 5 requiring authentication. In addition to digital property obtained by digitizing the tangible product 5, digital property that is digital from the beginning may also be used. The digital property data may be configured as digital property data obtained by a manufacturer, creator, author, etc. by capturing an image via such a terminal 2, or may be data that is originally assigned to the product requiring authentication 5 or that is recorded on a storage medium and linked to the product 5. This digital property data may be any digital content that requires authentication certification, such as digital images, digital audio, digital music, digital video, etc., and may be given extensions such as jpg, png, gif, mp3, mov, etc.

[0187] The manufacturer, creator, or copyright owner may record the digital property data of the product 5 to be authenticated in this manner on the dedicated platform 8. The platform on which the digital property data of the product 5 to be authenticated is recorded is not limited to the dedicated platform 8, and may be a platform used for multiple purposes. As a result, the dedicated platform 8 may acquire an identifier individually assigned to the product to be authenticated. In this case, a hashed identifier may be acquired and a two-dimensional code corresponding to the identifier may be automatically generated. The identifier of the product 5 to be authenticated in this manner can be used to determine whether the product 5 is genuine. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14(b), the digital property data is recorded in the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8, and an identifier is issued, from which a unique two-dimensional code A can be generated. This unique two-dimensional code A can be used as one of the authentication elements for multi-signature authentication in an authentication certification system according to another aspect of the present invention.

[0188] 15 and 16 are flowcharts showing the process of issuing a two-dimensional code from such digital product data. Note that Fig. 15 is a flowchart when the storage 103 is present, and Fig. 16 is a flowchart when the storage 103 is not present.

[0189] 15, first, in step S111, various businesses such as manufacturers, producers, and copyright holders (hereinafter referred to as various businesses) acquire digital property data about the product 5 requiring authentication and record it on the dedicated platform 8. The processing operation for recording this digital property data is performed by the various businesses accessing the dedicated platform 8 via the terminal 2. In such a case, the various businesses may access the dedicated platform 8 within the terminal 2 and execute the various procedures by installing applications required for the procedures in advance.

[0190] Next, the process proceeds to step S112, where the dedicated platform 8 accepts the recording of digital good data. When the dedicated platform 8 accepts the recording of digital good data, it issues, for example, a marketplace registration number for that digital good data. This registration number is issued each time a new digital good data record is accepted, and therefore is unique.

[0191] Next, the process proceeds to step S113, where the digital product data accepted for recording in step S112, the issued registration number, and information on various vendors, etc., are compiled into a single folder or the like and recorded in storage 103. Details of the information on various vendors, etc., include names, corporate information, pen names, and pen names, while work information includes information such as the title of the work, the year of production and release, work specifications (size, format, technology used), the copyright of the work, and rights information on portrait rights, design rights, etc., contained in the work. The method of recording the digital product data, registration number, and information on various vendors, etc., together in a single folder is one example; any method may be used as long as the digital product data, registration number, and information on various vendors, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as "ancillary information") are recorded in a linked state. Note that both product information and transaction information include ancillary information.

[0192] Next, the process proceeds to step S114, where a unique ID is issued for each piece of recorded incidental information in the storage 103. The ID issued for the digital product data is called the first ID, the ID issued for the registration number is called the second IDa, and the ID issued for the information on various vendors, etc. is called the second IDb.

[0193] With regard to digital product data, if identical digital product data exists elsewhere or if the digital product data has been copied by another party, the same first ID may be issued. On the other hand, since accompanying information such as a registration number is unique, the second IDa will be unique. While information about various businesses, such as company name, date of birth, copyright holder name, and copyrighted work title, may not be unique depending on its content, it is possible to assign unique IDs to each business, and therefore the second IDb can also be unique. For example, time information such as the date, time, and seconds recorded in storage 103 can be added to increase the accuracy of uniqueness. Note that at least the digital product data may be recorded in storage 103 in step S114.

[0194] Next, the process proceeds to step S115, where a unique identifier α is generated based on the associated additional information. By linking the generated identifier α to the additional information, it can become the identifier α possessed by the additional information. This identifier α may be generated based on the first ID, second IDa, and second IDb described above. Since the second IDa is unique and the second IDb is also unique, even if the same digital product data (first ID) is identical or duplicated, the newly generated identifier α will always be unique. This hashed identifier may be called the identifier α. The identifier α may be generated based on rules defined in the storage 103 based on the additional information stored in the folder. A two-dimensional code may also be generated based on the generated identifier α (step S123).

[0195] Proceeding to step S116, the dedicated platform 8 receives the identifier α from the storage 103. If a two-dimensional code was generated in step S123, the dedicated platform 8 may receive the two-dimensional code from the storage 103. Next, proceeding to step S117, the dedicated platform 8 transmits the identifier α based on the accompanying information to the database 108. In step S118, the database 108 records the identifier α transmitted from the dedicated platform 8 in the database 108. By recording the identifier α in such database 108, it is possible to completely prevent, for example, the identifier α from being tampered with. Furthermore, recording the identifier α in the database 108 may include temporarily storing the data of the identifier α in a cache.

[0196] Next, the process proceeds to step S119, where an identifier β is generated for the product to be appraised 5. The generation of this identifier β may be performed simultaneously with the recording of the identifier α in the database 108. The issued identifier β is sent to the dedicated platform 8 (which may be, for example, a marketplace), which receives it (step S120).

[0197] Furthermore, the database 108 transmits the identifier β of the product 5 to be appraised to various traders, etc. as needed (step S121), and the various traders, etc. receive this identifier β (step S122).

[0198] 16, in step S111, various traders may first acquire digital property data about the product 5 requiring appraisal and record it on the dedicated platform 8. Next, the process may proceed to step S112, where the digital property data may be recorded on the dedicated platform 8 side. The recorded data may be transmitted from the dedicated platform 8 to the database 108.

[0199] Next, the process proceeds to step S118, where the data transmitted from the dedicated platform 8 is recorded in the database 108. Next, the process proceeds to step S119, where an identifier γ is generated for the product to be appraised 5. The generation of this identifier γ may be performed simultaneously with the recording of the data in the database 108.

[0200] Furthermore, the database 108 transmits the identifier γ of the product 5 to be appraised to various traders, etc. as needed (step S121), and the various traders, etc. receive this identifier γ (step S122).

[0201] The authority to acquire digital property data and record it on the dedicated platform 8 may be given only to various businesses, etc. For example, if the product 5 to be inspected is a bag, suitcase, clothing, watch, arts and crafts, automobile, etc., the authority to record digital property data on this dedicated platform 8 may be given only to various businesses, etc. or persons licensed to act as sales agents for the product.

[0202] A trader or a consumer who purchases a new or used authentic product 5 receives the identifiers β and γ of the product 5 from the trader or a dedicated platform 8 (e.g., a marketplace) along with the product 5. The trader or consumer who receives the identifiers β and γ can access the dedicated platform 8 and read the identifiers β and γ of the product 5 recorded there. This allows only the genuine trader or consumer who possesses the identifiers β and γ of the product 5 to easily and reliably authenticate the product. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 , if storage 103 is available, authentication of the product 5 can be performed using the identifier α or β of the product 5, or both the identifiers α and β of the product 5. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16 , if storage 103 is not available, authentication of the product 5 can be performed using the identifier γ of the product 5. Therefore, a third party who does not possess the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 cannot perform such authentication.

[0203] In this way, in the digital property authentication certification, the unique identifiers α, β, and γ for only genuine products requiring authentication 5 from various businesses are sequentially written into the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8. This allows the identifiers α, β, and γ of the products requiring authentication 5 to be accurately recorded, and also completely prevents the identifiers α, β, and γ from being tampered with. Therefore, consumers who purchase products requiring authentication 5 from various businesses, or that are distributed through complex distribution channels or sold over the Internet, can easily obtain highly reliable authentication certification.

[0204] Note that the digital property authentication certificate is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in step S113, the case where the identifiers α, β, and γ are generated by recording additional information in addition to the digital property data has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any information may be recorded as long as it is linked to at least some information related to the digital property data. The information referred to here is any information or data related to the digital property data or generated in association with the digital property data, such as the registration number and additional information related to various vendors. The additional information may be composed of only either the registration number or information related to various vendors. Alternatively, the additional information may not include either the registration number or information related to various vendors, but may instead be any information or data related to the digital property data or generated in association with the digital property data.

[0205] As described above, an authentication and certification system according to another aspect of the present invention includes a server that generates identifiers β and γ (first identifiers) individually assigned to an authentication and certification target based on the digital property data of the authentication and certification target, a platform (dedicated platform 8) that records the generated identifiers β and γ, and a recording means that records verification information held by each of multiple users related to the authentication and certification target in association with the identifiers. During authentication and certification, the authentication and certification of the authentication and certification target may be performed using multi-signature authentication, which requires multiple associations. This authentication and certification system also enables highly reliable authentication and certification. In this case, the authentication and certification system may further include a storage 103 that generates an identifier α (second identifier) ​​individually assigned to the authentication and certification target based on the digital property data of the authentication and certification target. During authentication and certification, the authentication and certification of the authentication and certification target may be performed using multi-signature authentication for only the first identifier, only the second identifier, or both the first identifier and the second identifier. At least one authentication factor used for multi-signature authentication may be authenticated by a third party.

[0206] In addition, an authentication certification system according to another aspect of the present invention includes a server that generates identifiers β and γ that are individually assigned to an authentication certification target based on the digital property data of the authentication certification target, a platform (dedicated platform 8) that records the generated identifiers β and γ, and recording means that records product information about the authentication certification target and transaction information at each distribution stage until the authentication certification target is delivered to the consumer, linked to the identifiers β and γ, and at the time of authentication certification, the product information and transaction information linked to the identifiers β and γ are read from the platform, and authentication of the authentication certification target is performed using the product information and the transaction information. Such an authentication certification system also makes it possible to perform highly reliable authentication certification.

[0207] Hybrid Authentication Certificate Next, the processing operation of hybrid authentication certification will be explained. In hybrid authentication certification, in addition to the digital authentication certification described above, analog authentication certification may be further combined to perform more accurate authentication of the product requiring authentication 5. In such analog authentication certification, a guarantee card 24, as shown in FIG. 4, which is sold and distributed together with the product requiring authentication 5 may be used. The product information on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product requiring authentication 5 and the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 may be input by various vendors, etc., at the time of shipping the product requiring authentication 5.

[0208] 17 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of analog goods authentication certification. In addition to the components necessary for digital goods authentication certification described above, the system includes a dedicated platform 8 that records product information for the product requiring authentication 5 and transaction information at each distribution stage until the product requiring authentication 5 reaches the consumer in a database 108, a terminal 2a connected to the dedicated platform 8 via a public communication network 10 by an application [A] 9, and a terminal 2b connected to the dedicated platform 8 via the public communication network 10 by an application [B] 11. Various businesses may use the application [A] 9 to write product information and transaction information to the dedicated platform 8's database 108.

[0209] Using the application [B] 11, the consumer can use the private key α1 assigned to the product 5 requiring authentication and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 to read the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring authentication that have been written in the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8, thereby enabling the consumer to easily obtain highly reliable authentication certification.

[0210] Application [A] 9 is downloaded to and runs on terminal 2a, and various businesses can use it to write product information and transaction information to database 108 of dedicated platform 8. Application [B] 11 is downloaded to and runs on terminal 2b, and consumers can read product information and transaction information for products 5 requiring appraisal that have been written to database 108 of dedicated platform 8. For example, application [A] 9 may have the same functions as application [B] 11, and application [B] 11 may have the same functions as application [A] 9.

[0211] The private key α1 and information including product information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product to be authenticated 5, and the private key β1 and information including product information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 can be read via wireless communication by bringing a reader 25 connected to the terminal 2a or a terminal 2b configured as a smartphone close to the product 5. In such a case, the communication can also be performed contactlessly using short-range wireless communication such as NFC (Near Field Communication) or RFID (Radio Frequency IDenticifier).

[0212] After the product 5 requiring authentication is manufactured by various businesses, it is shipped together with a guarantee card 24. At the time of shipping, the person in charge at the various businesses may first use application [A] 9 to write information including some or all of the following product information and 5W1H information (who, when, where, what, why, and how), such as the product name, product number, various businesses, manufacturing location, and manufacturing date, into database 108 of dedicated platform 8.

[0213] Next, the person in charge of the various businesses, etc. may use application [A]9 to write the inspection results of the product information recorded by the person in charge of the various businesses, etc., and information including some or all of the 5W1H information, into the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8.

[0214] Next, after the product 5 requiring appraisal is shipped from the various vendors, etc., the logistics company may use application [A] 9 to write information including the date and time the product was received from the various vendors, the date and time the product was delivered to the wholesaler, and some or all of the 5W1H information, into database 108 of the dedicated platform 8.

[0215] After the product 5 requiring appraisal is received from the logistics company, the wholesaler may use application [A] 9 to write information including the date and time the product was delivered from the logistics company and 5W1H information into the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8.

[0216] In this way, product information and transaction information from various vendors etc. is written sequentially into the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8.

[0217] The authority to write product information and transaction information in database 108 may be limited to each of the various traders, etc. related to this information. For example, each of the various traders, etc. may only be given the authority to write product information.

[0218] In this way, various businesses etc. sequentially write down the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring appraisal, so that the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring appraisal can be accurately recorded even if the product 5 is distributed through a complex distribution route or sold over the Internet.

[0219] A consumer who purchases a new or second-hand product 5 requiring authentication can use the private key α1 assigned to the product 5 requiring authentication and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 on the terminal 2b, and the application [B] 11 to read the product information and transaction information of the product 5 requiring authentication that have been written to the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8. This allows only the genuine consumer who owns the product 5 requiring authentication and the guarantee card 24 to easily provide highly reliable authentication proof.

[0220] Similarly, with this type of analog goods authentication certification, consumers who purchase a product 5 requiring authentication that has been distributed through a complex distribution channel or sold over the Internet can easily obtain a highly reliable authentication certificate. In this analog goods authentication certification, various businesses may sequentially write product information and transaction information for the product 5 requiring authentication into the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8. This allows the product information and transaction information to be accurately recorded and completely prevents tampering with the product information and transaction information. This further increases the reliability of the authentication certificate.

[0221] Furthermore, in analog goods authentication certification, only the genuine consumer who owns the product to be authenticated 5 and the guarantee card 24 can perform authentication certification by using the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 to read the product information and transaction information of the product to be authenticated 5 written in the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8. Therefore, a third party who does not own the product to be authenticated 5 or the guarantee card 24 cannot perform such authentication certification itself.

[0222] In addition, when conducting the analog goods authentication certification, the product to be authenticated 5 includes the small recording medium (a1) and the small recording medium (a2) storing information including the private key α2. n A small recording medium (a n ) can be attached or incorporated. This allows not only the private key α1 and the private key β1 but also the private keys α2 to α n At least two of all the private keys (e.g., private key α1 and private keys β1, α2 to α n Multi-signature authentication can be adopted, in which authentication proof is established when at least one of the following is present, thereby making it possible to further ensure the accuracy of authentication. As mentioned above, multi-signature authentication is a security method that requires multiple electronic signatures when approving a specific action or transaction. Furthermore, n small recording media (a1) to (a nBy attaching or incorporating a small recording medium to each part of the product 5 requiring authentication, it is possible to detect even if some of the parts have been replaced with counterfeits. For example, if the product 5 requiring authentication is an automobile, by attaching or incorporating a small recording medium to the body and each tire, authentication certification can be performed for all parts.

[0223] In addition, in the appraisal certification system 1, preferably, the small recording media (a1) to (a n At least one of the above small recording medium (b) and the above small recording medium (c) can be equipped with a GPS function. This makes it possible to easily locate the parts of the product requiring appraisal 5 or the guarantee card even if they are lost or stolen.

[0224] When performing hybrid authentication certification by combining such analog property authentication certification with the above-mentioned digital property authentication certification, in addition to the product to be authenticated 5 and guarantee card 24 required for analog property authentication certification, the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code of the product to be authenticated 5 required for digital property authentication certification may be prepared, as shown in Figure 18(a).

[0225] Then, using the terminal 72, the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 may be used to read the product information and transaction information of the product to be authenticated 5 recorded in the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8. At the same time, the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code of the product to be authenticated 5 may be used to access an application installed on the terminal 72 to perform authentication certification. The application can determine the consistency of the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code, and can also determine whether the read product information and transaction information of the product to be authenticated 5 are both correct. Only when it is determined that all of the authentication results in this multi-signature authentication are correct can it be determined that the product to be authenticated 5 is genuine.

[0226] Even if the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 used in the analog goods authentication certification and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 are counterfeited or illegally copied, this hybrid authentication certification cannot be overlooked unless authentication is certified through the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code of the product to be authenticated 5 used in the digital goods authentication certification. In other words, this hybrid authentication certification can provide a more reliable authentication certification system by combining digital goods authentication certification with analog goods authentication certification.

[0227] Note that, as shown in Fig. 18(a), other embodiments of the present invention have been described taking as an example a case where, in addition to the product to be authenticated 5 and the guarantee card 24, the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code of the product to be authenticated 5 are prepared, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in Fig. 18(b), a hybrid authentication certificate can be similarly obtained by preparing a combination of only the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code of the product to be authenticated 5 in addition to the product to be authenticated 5 or the guarantee card 24.

[0228] That is, in analog goods authentication certification, the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 or the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 is used to read the product information and transaction information of the product to be authenticated 5 recorded in the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8. In addition, the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code of the product to be authenticated 5 can be used to determine consistency via an application installed on the terminal 72. Only when all of these authentication results in multi-signature authentication are determined to be correct can the product to be authenticated 5 be determined to be authentic.

[0229] As an alternative to the above-mentioned guarantee card 24, a microchip (IC chip), a two-dimensional code, an electronic watermark, etc. may be used as appropriate depending on the shape, structure, size, etc.

[0230] FIG. 19 shows a flowchart of ownership verification through an identifier δ representing a user in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0231] In step S131, the owner 41 first requests a one-time token from the backend 42. The owner 41 sends and receives information through the frontend. The frontend is an element that directly exchanges data with the owner 41, and in web production, it refers to the web browser side (client side). The backend 42 refers to server-side processing, and generally refers to mechanisms, functions, and components such as servers, databases, functions, and programs and modules that handle processing that are not visible to the owner 41.

[0232] Next, the process proceeds to step S132, where the backend 42 returns the one-time token to the owner 41. The expiration date of this one-time token may be, for example, a few seconds to a few minutes.

[0233] Next, the process moves to step S133, where the owner 41 issues a signature creation request to the identifier δ143 indicating the user. Next, the process moves to step S134, where the signature is returned to the owner 41 from the identifier δ143 indicating the user.

[0234] Next, the process proceeds to step S135, where the owner 41 sends the message, one-time token, signature data, and an identifier δ143 indicating the user to the backend 42. That is, before signing, the owner 41 requests a one-time token for owner authentication from the backend 42, which is used for signing. When sending the signature data to the backend 42, the owner 41 also sends the one-time token described above. The backend 42 verifies the signature data and the one-time token.

[0235] The backend 42 may convert the signed message into hash data in accordance with a standard. Then, the hash message and signature data are sent to the automatic response program 144 (step S136). The automatic response program 144 here is a mechanism for automatically executing a contract on the database 108, and may run on the server of the database 108. Next, the process proceeds to step S137, where the automatic response program 144 returns a verification address to the backend 42. The backend 42 verifies the verification address.

[0236] Next, the process proceeds to step S138, where the backend 42 transmits the owner certification of the identifier δ143 indicating the user to the owner 41. When the owner 41 wishes to certify the owner of the product 5 requiring appraisal, this can be realized by reading out the owner certification data recorded in the database 108 in this manner.

[0237] Therefore, as an alternative to the analog property authentication certification described above, it is possible to read out the owner certification data (owner certification of identifier δ143 indicating the user) recorded in database 108 in this way, and perform hybrid authentication certification based on the identifiers α, β, γ or two-dimensional code of the product 5 requiring authentication issued from the dedicated platform 8, as shown in Figure 20(a).

[0238] In addition, when using the owner certification of the identifier δ143 indicating such a user, it may be further combined with analog goods authentication certification, as shown in Figure 20(b). In such a case, the private key α1 assigned to the product to be authenticated 5 in the analog goods authentication certification and the private key β1 assigned to the guarantee card 24 may be used, or either the private key α1 or the private key β1 may be used. Hybrid authentication certification can be performed based on the private key α1 and / or the private key β1 in addition to the owner certification data (owner certification of the identifier δ143 indicating the user), the identifiers α, β, γ or the two-dimensional code of the product to be authenticated 5.

[0239] Authentication using traceability Below, we will explain the appraisal certification method using traceability. 21 shows the flow of an authentication and certification method using traceability. In the authentication and certification method, multiple users related to the product 5 to be authenticated possess first verification information. The first verification information is information read from the dedicated platform 8 and linked to an identifier obtained from the authentication certifier. The first verification information includes an identifier δ143 indicating the above-mentioned user.

[0240] Furthermore, during authentication and certification, the first verification information held by the user as the authentication certifier is regarded as first signature information and is used to determine consistency with the first verification information recorded in database 108. In the authentication and certification method, the consistency can be determined by, for example, performing the processes of "signature" and "signature verification" in electronic signature technology.

[0241] The following describes a case where the identifier δ143 indicating the user is used as the first verification information and the first signature information. Note that in the following description, a two-dimensional code may be used instead of the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 to be authenticated.

[0242] First, in step S141, digital property data is acquired for the product 5 requiring authentication. This digital property data acquisition is performed for the subject of authentication certification. As described above, this digital property data may be digital property data obtained by a manufacturer, creator, or copyright owner via such terminal 2, or may be data originally assigned to or linked to the product 5 and recorded on a recording medium. This digital property data may be any digital content requiring authentication certification, such as digital images, digital audio, digital music, or digital video, and may have file extensions such as jpg, png, gif, mp3, or mov. At this time, the aforementioned supplementary information and any product information related to the product 5 requiring authentication may also be acquired together with this digital property data. In such cases, a CSV file containing such digital property data, registration number, supplementary information, product information, etc. may be acquired.

[0243] Next, the process proceeds to step S142, where the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 to be inspected are obtained by recording such digital property data, accompanying information, product information, etc. on the dedicated platform 8. Then, a new first hash is generated by further hashing based on the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 to be inspected.

[0244] Next, the process proceeds to step S143, where, similarly to the analog goods authentication certificate described above, information including the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated, and / or information including the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 is read. Then, a second hash generated when recording the read information in the database 108 is obtained.

[0245] The guarantee card 24 includes not only a physical guarantee card that is actually embodied as a card-shaped item, but also a logical guarantee card that is digital information without being embodied as an item.

[0246] Next, the process proceeds to step S144, where a new third hash is generated based on the obtained first hash and second hash. This third hash may be generated by multiplying or summing the first hash and the second hash, and using this as the third hash, or by any other well-known method. The generated third hash is recorded in database 108.

[0247] The pre-processing of steps S141 to S144 above may be performed in advance by the operating company, or may be performed by other related parties (manufacturers, producers, copyright holders, logistics companies, consumers, etc.). The subsequent process of distribution of the product to be authenticated 5 from the manufacturers, producers, and copyright holders to logistics companies and consumers begins with step S145, which will be described below.

[0248] In step S145, the product 5 requiring authentication, which was created by the manufacturer / manufacturer / author, is first transferred to the logistics company. That is, in step S145, the ownership of the product 5 requiring authentication is transferred from the manufacturer / manufacturer / author to the logistics company. At this time, the small recording medium (a1) and small recording medium (b) accompanying the product 5 requiring authentication are also transferred in the same way. The ownership of the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 requiring authentication is also transferred in the same way.

[0249] Each time a transfer occurs, an identifier δ143 indicating the user of the owner at the transfer destination is recorded in association with the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product requiring appraisal 5. Before the transfer, the identifier δ143 indicating the user of the manufacturer, producer, and author was recorded in association with the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product requiring appraisal 5, but at the time of transfer, a new identifier δ143 indicating the user of the logistics company is recorded in association with the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product requiring appraisal 5. In such a case, various businesses may use application [A] or the like to record the identifier δ143 indicating the user at the time of transfer in the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8.

[0250] That is, in step S145, for example, using application [A] 9 as a recording means, the first verification information (here, identifier δ143 indicating the user) held by each of multiple users related to the product to be authenticated 5 can be linked to the identifiers α, β, γ of the product to be authenticated 5 and recorded in the order in which the multiple users are involved. Note that in step S145, for example, instead of application [A] 9, the terminal 2, 72 held by the user, the dedicated platform 8, etc. may be used as the recording means.

[0251] In step S145, the logistics company receives the identifiers α, β, γ of the product to be appraised 5 from various businesses or the dedicated platform 8 (for example, a marketplace) along with the product to be appraised 5. The logistics company that has received the identifiers α, β, γ of the product to be appraised 5 can use the identifiers α, β, γ of the product to be appraised 5 to access the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8 and read out the identifiers α, β, γ of the product to be appraised 5 recorded therein.

[0252] The process proceeds to step S146, where the product to be appraised 5 is transferred from the logistics company to the consumer. At this time, the small recording medium (a1) and small recording medium (b) accompanying the product to be appraised 5 may also be transferred. The owners of the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product to be appraised 5 may also be transferred.

[0253] Each time a transfer occurs, the identifier δ143 indicating the user of the owner of the new location is linked to the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 requiring appraisal and recorded, so that a new identifier δ143 indicating the user of the owner is linked to the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 requiring appraisal and recorded.

[0254] In step S146, the consumer also receives the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product to be authenticated 5 from various businesses or the dedicated platform 8 (e.g., a marketplace) along with the product to be authenticated 5. The consumer who has received the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product to be authenticated 5 can use the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product to be authenticated 5 to access the database 108 of the dedicated platform 8 and read out the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product to be authenticated 5 recorded therein.

[0255] Such consumers can attempt to certify the authentication of the product 5 requiring authentication via the dedicated platform 8. Step S147 will be described below as an example of the operation during authentication certification, and a user such as a consumer attempting this authentication certification will be referred to as an authentication certifier.

[0256] In step S147, the authentication certifier first writes information to the log by accessing the dedicated platform 8 and, ultimately, the database 108. This writing to the log can be realized from the user interface of the application, and for example, personal information such as the authentication certifier's name and date of birth, or any other information, may be entered by following the instructions on the user interface. Even without user interface guidance, any information entered by the authentication certifier, or any character string that does not have any meaning as information, may be considered to be writing information to the log.

[0257] In such a case, if a private key is assigned to the authentication certifier when the identifier δ143 indicating the user is assigned, the authentication certifier may access the log via this private key. Of course, the authentication certifier may generate and use the identifier δ143 indicating the user. When signing using the private key, the identifier δ143 indicating the user can be automatically obtained from the database 108. Alternatively, the private key may be entered into a user interface, and the dedicated platform 8 may verify whether or not the identifier δ143 indicating the user assigned to the private key exists. If the identifier δ143 indicating the user is assigned to the private key, the dedicated platform 8 signs it. If this signature is executed, the log writing is deemed successful; otherwise, the log writing is deemed unsuccessful. This signature may be executed automatically by a program.

[0258] To write a log, a signature may be required, for example, via a private key. Once the signature is entered, an identifier δ143 identifying the user can be automatically obtained in the database 108. Therefore, by prompting the appraisal certifier to write a log on the user interface, the identifier δ143 identifying the user can be obtained. For example, a public key can be identified via the private key, and the identifier δ143 identifying the user can be obtained via this public key.

[0259] The dedicated platform 8 can determine that it is the owner of the identifier δ143 indicating the user. On the other hand, if the log writing fails, it can determine that it is not the owner of the identifier δ143 indicating the user. If it is determined that it is the owner of the identifier δ143 indicating the user, it reads out the identifier δ143 indicating the determined user (hereinafter referred to as first signature information).

[0260] The first verification information of the identifier δ143 indicating the user read in step S147 is consistent with the first signature information held by the most recent user, among multiple users, who is involved in the authentication-required product 5. In this case, in step S147, only the most recent user can authenticate as the authentication certifier. This makes it easy to identify the user who currently owns or manages the authentication-required product 5.

[0261] The first verification information read in step S147 may be consistent with the first signature information held by, for example, a user (i.e., a past user) who was involved with the authentication-required product 5 before the most recent user among multiple users. In this case, in step S147, the past user can authenticate the authentication as an authentication certifier. This makes it possible to identify users who have been involved with the authentication-required product 5.

[0262] Also, for example, step S147 may perform a process that grants a user who meets the authentication requirements for the product 5 requiring appraisal the authority to view at least a portion of the information related to the product 5 requiring appraisal (e.g., product information, transaction information, etc. used when recording in database 108).

[0263] In addition, in step S147, the determination may be made by combining, for example, the appraisal certificate described below.

[0264] In step S147, a fourth hash is generated based on the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product to be authenticated 5 obtained from the authentication certifier. The method for generating this fourth hash is the same as the method for generating the first hash described above.

[0265] In step S147, the information including the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated, and / or the information including the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 is read. Then, a fifth hash generated when recording the read information in the database 108 is obtained.

[0266] Next, a new sixth hash is generated based on the obtained fourth hash and fifth hash. The method for generating this sixth hash is the same as the method for generating the third hash described above.

[0267] The consistency of the sixth hash obtained in this way and the third hash is determined.

[0268] If the product to be authenticated 5 is genuine, the fifth hash generated when the information read from the small recording medium (a1) 51a and the small recording medium (b) 52a is recorded in the database 108 will be the same as the second hash. Also, if the authentication certifier holds a genuine product, the fourth hash generated based on the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product to be authenticated 5 received from the dedicated platform 8 (e.g., marketplace) will be the same as the first hash.

[0269] Therefore, whether the product to be authenticated 5 is genuine can be determined by determining whether a sixth hash generated based on the fourth hash and the fifth hash is identical to the third hash. Specifically, after generating the sixth hash, a search can be performed to determine whether the same third hash is stored in database 108. In this way, confidentiality can be further improved by determining the authenticity not only based on the first hash and the second hash but also based on the third hash generated based on these hashes. In addition, when recording in database 108, instead of recording both the first hash and the second hash, it is only necessary to record only one third hash reflecting these hashes, thereby improving the recording speed and speeding up processing operations.

[0270] In another aspect of the present invention, the authentication of the product 5 requiring authentication may be verified by determining both the consistency between the transaction information and the product information and the consistency between the third hash and the sixth hash. That is, if the consistency between the transaction information and the product information is confirmed and the third hash and the sixth hash are identical, the verification is completed. The completion of the verification may determine that the product 5 requiring authentication is genuine. On the other hand, if either or both of the transaction information and the product information, or the third hash and the sixth hash are not identical, it can be determined that the person verifying the authentication is not the owner of the product 5 requiring authentication.

[0271] In this way, the present invention can perform authentication based on two completely different methods: matching the transaction information with the product information, and matching the third hash with the sixth hash. Therefore, even if a product 5 successfully evades one method of authentication and is determined to be genuine, if it is determined to be a counterfeit by the other method of authentication, the product 5 will not be determined to be genuine. In this way, it is possible to achieve a higher level of authentication accuracy for products 5 that require stronger authentication.

[0272] The above-described steps S143 to S147 may be performed using the application [A] 9 and the application [B] 11, or at least a part of the steps may be performed using the dedicated platform 8, for example.

[0273] In addition to the above, for example, the authentication certification method may perform authentication certification without generating the third hash and the sixth hash. In this case, the second to fourth verification information and the second to fourth signature information are used for authentication certification. Each piece of verification information and each piece of signature information may include, for example, hash-format information, or may include information obtained by encrypting or digitally signing the hash-format information (hereinafter referred to as encryption, etc.). Note that each piece of verification information and each piece of signature information may include at least one of a private key and a public key used for encryption, etc.

[0274] In this case, as shown in FIG. 22, for example, in step S143a, which is a variation of step S143, second verification information based on information including at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated is recorded in the database 108. The second verification information may indicate information including at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information, or may indicate information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing information including at least one of the product information and transaction information using the private key α1. In addition to the above, the second verification information may indicate, for example, hash-format information obtained when recording at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information in the database 108, or information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing the hash.

[0275] Furthermore, in step S143a, third verification information based on information including at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 is recorded in the database 108. The third verification information may indicate information including at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information, or may indicate information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing information including at least one of the product information and transaction information using the private key β1. In addition to the above, the third verification information may indicate information in hash format obtained when recording at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information in the database 108, or information obtained by encrypting or otherwise processing the hash.

[0276] In step S143a, fourth verification information generated based on, for example, the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 to be inspected is recorded in the database 108. The fourth verification information indicates the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 to be inspected, or may indicate information obtained by encrypting the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 to be inspected.

[0277] Step S143a can be performed using the application [A] 9, and can also be performed using the dedicated platform 8 for at least a part of the processing, for example.

[0278] Thereafter, in step S147a, which is a variation of step S147, second signature information may be obtained, for example, based on information including at least one of the private key α1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (a1) 51a of the product 5 to be authenticated obtained from the authentication certifier, without performing step S144 described above. The second signature information may indicate information including at least one of the product information and transaction information, or may indicate, for example, information in a hash format generated when reading at least one of the product information and transaction information and recording the read information in database 108. Note that the second signature information may be obtained, for example, by performing a generation method similar to that of the fifth hash described above.

[0279] Furthermore, in step S147a, third signature information may be obtained based on information including at least one of the private key β1, product information, and transaction information recorded on the small recording medium (b) 52a of the guarantee card 24 obtained from the authentication certifier. The third signature information may indicate information including at least one of the product information and transaction information, or may indicate, for example, information in a hash format generated when reading at least one of the product information and transaction information and recording the read information in the database 108. Note that the third signature information may be obtained, for example, by implementing a generation method similar to that of the fifth hash described above.

[0280] In step S147a, fourth signature information is obtained based on the identifiers α, β, and γ of the product 5 to be authenticated, for example, obtained from the authentication certifier. Note that the fourth signature information may be obtained by, for example, implementing a generation method similar to that of the fourth hash described above.

[0281] Thereafter, in step S147a, at least one of the consistency between the second verification information and the second signature information, the consistency between the third verification information and the third signature information, and the consistency between the fourth verification information and the fourth signature information may be determined. The consistency between each piece of verification information and the signature information may be determined, for example, for information of the same format (e.g., information in hash format), or may be determined for information in hash format on one side and information that has undergone processing such as encryption on the other side. In either case, the determination may be made using known techniques. Furthermore, as a method for determining the consistency between each piece of signature information and each piece of verification information, for example, after acquiring each piece of signature information, a search may be performed to determine whether the same verification information is stored in database 108, and the results may be used to determine whether the pieces of signature information are identical.

[0282] In this case, the product to be authenticated 5 may be deemed to be satisfied (i.e., genuine) if at least one of the results of the comparison between the first verification information and the first signature information, the results of the comparison between the third verification information and the third signature information, and the results of the comparison between the fourth verification information and the fourth signature information is consistent, and the results of the comparison between the second verification information and the second signature information is consistent. This makes it possible to achieve authentication of the product to be authenticated 5 using other information, even if a defect occurs in some of the information used for authentication certification, thereby expanding the possibilities for use.

[0283] Step S147a can be performed using the application [B] 11, and can also be performed using the dedicated platform 8 for at least a part of the processing, for example.

[0284] In the authentication certification system of another aspect of the present invention that does not use a blockchain as described above, product information regarding the authentication-required product 5 and transaction information at each distribution stage until the authentication-required product 5 reaches the consumer are linked to the identifiers β and γ of the authentication-required product 5 and recorded on the dedicated platform 8 in the order of involvement of multiple users related to the authentication-required product 5, and at the time of authentication certification, the product information and transaction information linked to the identifiers β and γ of the authentication-required product 5 are read from the dedicated platform 8, and authentication of the authentication-required product 5 is performed using the product information and transaction information. This makes it possible to perform highly reliable authentication certification even when authenticating digital goods.

[0285] In yet another embodiment, the recording means may link the verification information held by each of multiple users related to the authentication-required product 5 to the identifiers β and γ of the authentication-required product 5 and record the information in the order in which the multiple users are involved, and at the time of authentication certification, the verification information linked to the identifiers β and γ of the authentication-required product 5 is read from the dedicated platform 8, and authentication of the authentication-required product 5 may be performed using the verification information and signature information held by the authentication certifier. In this case, too, highly reliable authentication can be performed when authenticating digital goods.

[0286] Like the conventionally known so-called oracle problem, in order to perform highly reliable authentication and certification in the authentication and certification system 1 of this embodiment, it is necessary to guarantee the validity of the information handled by the authentication and certification system 1. The following describes the processing required for this purpose.

[0287] The dedicated platform 8 of the appraisal and certification system 1 calculates a validity evaluation value for each piece of information input to the dedicated platform 8 based on the authentication results of an external verifier or a device that performs verification using a verification model, and records this value in association with the target information. Information that is the subject of validity evaluation by the verifier includes product information on the product 5 requiring appraisal, owner information, contract information on the product 5 requiring appraisal, etc.

[0288] In the following, with reference to Fig. 24, the processing in the dedicated platform 8 will be described taking as an example a case where product information is input to the dedicated platform 8. In step S200, the dedicated platform 8 acquires product information and verification information corresponding to the product information (verification information acquisition processing). Fig. 25 is a diagram showing an example of verification information for product information. For the product information, for example, a product DID that identifies the product, a factory DID that identifies the production factory of the product, a part DID that identifies the parts that make up the product, etc. are included as verification information for the product 5 to be authenticated.

[0289] After the processing of step S200 in FIG. 24, in step S202, the dedicated platform 8 identifies multiple verifiers based on the category of the verification information. Specifically, the verification information is classified into multiple categories. Examples of categories include whether the verification information is an analog good or a digital good, contract information, product information, or transaction information. Furthermore, it is assumed that a verifier to perform verification is pre-set for each category. The dedicated platform 8 then identifies the category of the verification information and identifies multiple verifiers associated with the category. As another example, the dedicated platform 8 may identify multiple verifiers by using a learning model for identifying multiple verifiers from the category of the verification information. In this way, the process of classifying the verification information into multiple categories is not limited to the embodiment. As another example, the same verifier may be associated with multiple categories.

[0290] Verifiers are broadly divided into external verifiers and verification models. Examples of external verifiers include national institutions, financial supervisory agencies, specialized companies, and individuals. Verifiers also include multiple different verification models. A verification model is generated by machine learning using multiple training data. Various known methods, such as deep learning, can be used as machine learning. The multiple different verification models are, for example, multiple verification models generated by using different training data.

[0291] Next, in step S204, the dedicated platform 8 acquires the verification results of the multiple verifiers identified in step S202 (verification result acquisition process). For example, if verification requests to verifiers C1, C2, and C3 are identified in step S202, the dedicated platform 8 requests these verifiers to perform verification and acquires the verification results from these verifiers. The verification results include item evaluation values ​​for multiple verification items and an overall evaluation value obtained based on these evaluation values. As another example, the number of verification items may be one. In this case, the item evaluation values ​​become the overall evaluation value.

[0292] Next, in step S206, the dedicated platform 8 calculates a validity evaluation value based on the overall evaluation value indicated in the verification results of each verifier (validity evaluation value calculation process). Here, the validity evaluation value is an evaluation value that evaluates the validity of the verification information, and in this embodiment, it is calculated from the verification results obtained by verifications by multiple verifiers.

[0293] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the calculation of the validity evaluation value takes into account the weight set for each verifier. The weight is determined according to the reliability of each verifier. For example, among external verifiers, verification by a national institution is more reliable than verification by a specialized company. Therefore, a higher weight is set for verification by a national institution than for verification by a specialized company. It is assumed that a weight is also set in advance for verification using a verification model. In this way, it is assumed that a weight is set in advance for each verifier. As another example, the weight set for a verifier may be determined by using a learning model that specifies the weight based on the verifier. The process for setting the weight is not limited to the embodiment. It is also possible to set a weight for each verification item.

[0294] The dedicated platform 8 calculates the validity evaluation value by, for example, calculating a weighted average value using the overall evaluation value obtained based on the verification by each verifier and the weight assigned to each evaluator. In this way, by using multiple verification results and weighting each verification result, a more accurate validity evaluation value can be obtained. The item evaluation value, overall evaluation value, and validity evaluation value may be, for example, a five-point scale or a value out of 100 points. The validity evaluation value may be calculated based on the overall evaluation value and the weight, and the specific process for this is not limited to the embodiment. For example, the validity evaluation value may be determined using a learning model that evaluates the validity evaluation value based on the overall evaluation value.

[0295] Next, in step S208, the dedicated platform 8 determines whether the validity evaluation value obtained from the verification result satisfies a predetermined condition. Here, the predetermined condition is, for example, whether the validity evaluation value is equal to or greater than a preset threshold. If the validity evaluation value satisfies the predetermined condition (Y in step S208), the dedicated platform 8 proceeds to step S210 and records the verification result in association with the verification information. Specifically, verified information is recorded in association with the verification information as a verification result indicating that verification has been performed by the verifier. For example, as shown in FIG. 25, the dedicated platform 8 records the verification information, verified information (Verifiable Credentials: VC), and the verifier in one or more storage units in association with a DID that identifies the verification information (recording process).

[0296] Here, the one or more storage units may be a distributed ledger, storage, or database, and specifically may be a blockchain 8a, a distributed file server 3 such as IPFS, or a storage unit mounted on a single device. The verified information includes an item evaluation value, an overall evaluation value, and a validity evaluation value. Furthermore, the verification information and verified information are linked to the NFT of the product to be authenticated 5.

[0297] If the validity evaluation value satisfies a predetermined condition (N in step S208), the dedicated platform 8 proceeds to step S212 and presents the missing information that is lacking in the verification (presentation process). Specifically, the dedicated platform 8 displays the missing information on the display unit of the terminal 2a used by the manufacturer or the like who will be the provider of the verification information. This allows the manufacturer or the like to understand the missing information and input it additionally.

[0298] The dedicated platform 8 identifies the missing information by using an identification model for identifying the missing information (identification process). The identification model is a model for identifying the missing information from the input verification information, and is generated by machine learning using multiple learning data. As another example, the dedicated platform 8 may receive a notification of the missing information from the verifier, and identify the missing information in response to the notification. The specific process for identifying the missing information is not limited to the embodiment.

[0299] Furthermore, the dedicated platform 8 may provide a reward to the provider of the verification information in response to the verification result being obtained (reward management process). The dedicated platform 8 may adjust the reward amount in response to the overall evaluation value obtained from the verification information. The dedicated platform 8 may also provide a reward to the verifier who provided the verification result.

[0300] As another example, the dedicated platform 8 may determine the most common verification result among the verification results obtained by multiple verifiers as the validity evaluation value. For example, if all of the multiple verifiers are companies, the most common verification result among the verification results obtained by the multiple companies may be determined as the validity evaluation value by majority vote. In this way, in the process of determining the validity evaluation value, weighting may be performed on each overall evaluation value, a simple majority vote may be adopted, or a learning model may be used.

[0301] As another example, the dedicated platform 8 may select only one verifier in step S202 described with reference to FIG. 24 and determine legitimacy based on the verification results of the selected verifier. In this case, the verification results of the selected verifier are obtained as the overall verification results for legitimacy, i.e., the legitimacy evaluation value. Furthermore, in this case, the dedicated platform 8 may add weights set for each verification method. As a result, for example, a greater weight is added to the verification results of a national institution than to the verification results of a specialized company.

[0302] Furthermore, in step S208 described with reference to Fig. 24, the dedicated platform 8 may determine whether the verification result obtained in step S204 satisfies a predetermined condition. For example, the predetermined condition may be set to be the result of verification that the verification information contains predetermined information. In this way, the dedicated platform 8 only needs to identify and present the missing information when a preset condition (predetermined condition) is not satisfied, and the predetermined condition is not limited to the embodiment.

[0303] The verification method and verification target (authentication element) in the verification method in the authentication certification system 1 are not limited to those described in the embodiment. Other examples of verification methods and authentication elements include the following. 1. Facial recognition (user identity verification, prevention of unauthorized access) 2. Voice authentication (identity verification in telephone authentication systems, customer authentication at call centers) 3. Document authentication (verification of digital signatures, confirmation of document authenticity, detection of contract tampering) 4. Email authentication (spam filtering, phishing detection) 5. Transaction authentication (financial transaction fraud detection, cryptocurrency transaction authentication) 6. Digital content authentication (verifying ownership of digital art, protecting copyrights of music and video) 7. Supply chain certification (tracking and traceability of products, ensuring transparency throughout the supply chain) 8. Data authentication (verifying the authenticity of sensor data, authenticating data from IoT devices) 9. Biometric authentication (fingerprint authentication, iris authentication) 10. Access authentication (physical access control, access control to IT systems) 11. Insurance application authentication (verifying the legitimacy of insurance applications and detecting fraudulent claims) 12. Health data authentication (verifying the authenticity of medical data, verifying identity in remote medical care) 13. Educational Institution Accreditation (certification of degrees and qualifications, verification of learning outcomes) 14. Social Media Verification (Detecting Bot Accounts and Preventing the Spread of False Information) 15. E-commerce authentication (verifying identity when shopping online, verifying the authenticity of reviews) 16. Immigration control authentication (verification of passport authenticity, identity verification for entry and exit) 17. Cloud service authentication (access management for cloud data, authenticity verification for documents on the cloud) 18. Vehicle authentication (authentication of self-driving cars, vehicle ownership verification, vehicle authentication in parking lots) 19. Logistics authentication (tracking of deliveries, identity verification of delivery drivers, authentication of logistics routes) 20. Communication authentication (checking the security of electronic communications, verifying the legitimacy of call content, and authenticating users of messaging apps) 21. Real estate transaction authentication (authentication of sales contracts, identity verification for rental contracts, authenticity verification of real estate title deeds) 22. Official document authentication (verification of identity documents, authentication of passports and visas, verification of residence cards and family registers) 23. Financial transaction authentication (identity verification for banking transactions, authentication of credit card transactions, authentication of virtual currency wallets) 24. Online voting authentication (verifying voter identity, verifying the validity of voting results, and ensuring the security of the voting system) 25. Healthcare authentication (patient authentication for remote medical consultations, data authentication for medical devices, authenticity verification of electronic medical records) 26. Smart home authentication (identity verification for smart locks, user authentication for home appliances, authentication for security systems) 27. Cybersecurity Certification (detecting cyberattacks, authenticating network access, preventing data breaches) 28. Employee authentication (identity verification in attendance management systems, access authentication to internal systems, strengthening security of badge systems) 29. Event entry authentication (ticket authenticity verification, event participant identity verification, facial recognition at the entrance gate) 30. Cloud gaming authentication (verifying gamer identity, ensuring game data security, and detecting fraud) 31. Agricultural data authentication (traceability of agricultural crops, data authentication of agricultural equipment, data verification of production processes) 32. Food certification (verifying food origin, ensuring supply chain transparency, and consumer food certification) 33. Sports event authentication (athlete identity verification, doping test result authentication, ticket authenticity verification) 34. Travel authentication (identity verification for hotel reservations, flight check-in authentication, rental car user authentication) 35. Research data authentication (verification of the authenticity of research results, authentication of data sharing in collaborative research, verification of the reliability of data sets) 36. Energy authentication (smart meter data authentication, renewable energy tracking, authenticity verification of energy transactions) 37. Environmental data authentication (verification of environmental sensor data, verification of environmental reports, and validation of emissions data) 38. Supply Chain Certification (tracking and traceability of products, ensuring transparency throughout the supply chain) 39. Patent Certification (Verifying the legitimacy of patent applications, authenticating intellectual property rights, verifying patent databases) 40. Publication authentication (author authentication of publications, verification of the authenticity of digital books, protection of publishing rights) 41. Transportation authentication (verification of driver's licenses, vehicle registration authentication, traceability of transportation data) 42. Customer authentication (authentication of customer data in customer management systems, identity verification for subscription services, verification of the authenticity of customer reviews) 43. Educational authentication (authentication of online course participants, identity verification for exams, digital authentication of degrees and certificates) 44. Job Verification (background checks for job applicants, verification of reference checks, employee qualification verification) 45. Project Management Authentication (Verifying the authenticity of project data, verifying the identity of team members, and verifying project progress) 46. ​​Building certification (traceability of building materials, data authentication of construction projects, certification of building completion) 47. Media authentication (copyright protection for video and audio, authenticity verification for news articles, and detection of media content tampering) 48. Tourism authentication (verifying tour guide qualifications, authenticating tourist destination data, verifying the reliability of tourism service reviews) 49. IoT device authentication (IoT device firmware authentication, data communication authentication between devices, verification of the authenticity of IoT sensor data) 50. Smart City Authentication (verifying the reliability of city data, authenticating smart infrastructure data, and digital authentication of citizen services) 51. Municipal service authentication (identity verification for administrative procedures, user authentication for public services, data verification for local governments) 52. Religious facility authentication (religious facility management data authentication, verification of donation data authenticity, verification of religious event participants) 53. Artwork authentication (artwork authenticity verification, digital art ownership verification, gallery and museum exhibit authentication) 54. Sports authentication (athlete qualification verification, match result authentication, sports equipment traceability) 55. Blockchain authentication (authenticity of blockchain transactions, verification of smart contracts, security of decentralized applications) 56. Marketing authentication (verifying the authenticity of advertisements, verifying promotional data, and verifying the reliability of customer data) 57. Manufacturing Certification (product quality assurance, production process data authentication, ensuring transparency of manufacturing supply chain) 58. Healthcare certification (medical procedure record certification, pharmaceutical supply chain certification, medical device data certification) 59. Legal document authentication (verifying the authenticity of contracts, detecting falsification of judicial documents, authenticating legal consultation data) 60. Research paper authentication (verification of the authenticity of academic papers, verification of the reliability of cited data, verification of the originality of research results) 61. Music authentication (copyright protection for music files, authentication of live performance recordings, authentication of songs for streaming services) 62. Agricultural certification (quality certification of agricultural products, data traceability of production processes, data verification of pesticide use) 63. Cultural heritage authentication (verification of the authenticity of cultural properties, data authentication of restoration processes, verification of cultural heritage databases) 64. Logistics service certification (delivery service quality certification, driver identity verification, data traceability of delivery routes) 65. Pet Verification (Pet identification, veterinary record data verification, pet insurance application verification) 66. Game authentication (online game player authentication, game data authenticity verification, in-game item ownership authentication) 67. Temporary staffing authentication (identity verification of temporary staff, authentication of skills and qualifications, data authentication of client companies) 68. Digital Archive Certification (verifying the authenticity of archived data, protecting digital records, and verifying historical data) 69. Emergency Services Authentication (Emergency call data authentication, emergency personnel qualification verification, emergency medical data authentication) 70. Financial product authentication (verification of the authenticity of investment products, authentication of financial transaction data, confirmation of insurance product applications) 71. Cloud storage authentication (verifying data authenticity, authenticating access logs, and verifying the reliability of data backups) 72. Rural Development Certification (Data certification of rural development projects, tracking of development fund use, and data verification of local residents) 73. Public transport authentication (passenger identity verification, ticket authenticity verification, data traceability of transport systems) 74. Hotel service authentication (verifying the authenticity of reservation data, verifying the identity of guests, and authenticating hotel service quality) 75. Virtual event authentication (online event attendee verification, event content data authentication, virtual exhibition exhibitor verification) 76. Childcare service certification (verification of childcare worker qualifications, data authentication of childcare facilities, quality assurance of childcare services) 77. Welfare service authentication (verification of welfare service recipients, authentication of service provider qualifications, verification of the authenticity of welfare data) 78. Affiliate Marketing Verification (Verifying the authenticity of affiliate links, authenticating marketing data, and verifying the reliability of affiliate commissions) 79. Privacy Data Certification (certification of personal data protection, confirmation of compliance with privacy policies, verification of data sharing reliability) 80. Inheritance authentication (verification of the authenticity of wills, certification of heirs' qualifications, data traceability of inherited assets) 81. Online education authentication (identity verification for online exams, authentication of learning progress data, authenticity of assignment submissions) 82. Event management authentication (identity verification of event participants, ticket authenticity verification, authentication of event staff) 83. Health and Fitness Certification (Training data authentication, fitness tracker data verification, personal trainer qualification verification) 84. Travel agency authentication (verifying the authenticity of travel plans, verifying traveler identity, and verifying travel insurance applications) 85. Home appliance authentication (authentication of home appliance purchase history, verification of smart home appliance data, confirmation of home appliance warranty data) 86. Apparel industry certification (authenticity verification of branded goods, product supply chain data authentication, clothing production process data verification) 87. Construction Industry Certification (construction project data authentication, building material supply chain tracking, construction worker qualification verification) 88. Animal Protection Certification (Animal protection facility data authentication, data tracking of protected animals, verification of the reliability of animal protection activities) 89. Art Market Authentication (Verifying the authenticity of artworks, verifying artist identities, and verifying auction data) 90. Consulting Certification (Confirmation of consultant qualifications, certification of consulting project data, verification of consultant history data) 91. Online Forum Authentication (authentication of user accounts, verification of authenticity of posts, detection of spam and fraudulent accounts) 92. Public service authentication (identity verification of public service users, verification of service provision data, and quality authentication of public services) 93. Freelance authentication (freelance background check, project data authentication, payment data authenticity verification) 94. Security authentication (security system data authentication, security patch authenticity verification, cybersecurity incident data verification) 95. Entertainment authentication (authentication of movie and TV drama distribution data, verification of ticket sales data, copyright protection of entertainment content) 96. Mortgage authentication (credit verification of mortgage applicants, authentication of loan contract data, verification of payment history) 97. Insurance business authentication (insurance contract data authentication, insurance claim legitimacy verification, insurance product data verification) 98.Tourist facility authentication (tourist facility data authentication, facility user identity verification, facility management data verification) 99. Research data authentication (research project data authentication, confirmation of the reliability of research results, verification of the validity of data analysis) 100. Volunteer Activity Verification (Verifying volunteer identity, activity data, and authenticating the reliability of volunteer programs)

[0304] The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment configured as described above include a verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information related to an object to be authenticated, and a verification result acquisition means for acquiring a verification result about the legitimacy of the object to be authenticated by one or more verifiers based on the verification information. This makes it possible to verify the legitimacy of the object to be authenticated.

[0305] Furthermore, in the authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment, the verification result acquisition means acquires multiple verification results on the legitimacy of the object to be authenticated by multiple different verifiers, thereby enabling the legitimacy of the object to be authenticated to be verified from multiple perspectives.

[0306] The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment further include a validity evaluation value calculation means for calculating the most common verification result from among multiple verification results as a validity evaluation value, thereby enabling multifaceted verification of the validity of verification information for verifying an object to be authenticated.

[0307] Furthermore, in the authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment, the verification method includes a verification request to a different external verifier, thereby making it possible to obtain verification results from different external verifiers.

[0308] In the authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment, the multiple verifiers include devices that perform verification using multiple verification models generated based on different types of training data, thereby making it possible to obtain verification results using multiple verification models.

[0309] The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment further include a recording means for recording the verification result of the object to be authenticated in one or more storage units in association with information about the object to be authenticated, thereby enabling the authenticity of the information recorded in the one or more storage units to be verified.

[0310] Furthermore, the authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment further include a recording means for recording the verification result of the target to be authenticated in the distributed ledger in association with information about the target to be authenticated, thereby enabling the authenticity of the information recorded in the distributed ledger to be verified.

[0311] The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment further include a specifying unit that specifies missing information in the verification when the verification result does not satisfy a predetermined condition, and a presenting unit that presents the missing information, thereby allowing the user to check the missing information.

[0312] In the authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment, the verification information is classified into a plurality of categories based on the items to be verified, a verifier to be used is preset for each category, and the verification result acquisition means acquires the verification result obtained by the verification by the verifier corresponding to the category to which the verification information belongs. This makes it possible to acquire the verification result for the verifier corresponding to the category of the verification information.

[0313] The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment further include a reward management means for granting a reward to the provider of the verification information according to the verification result acquired by the verification result acquisition means. The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment further include a reward management means for granting a reward to the verifier. This makes it possible to provide an incentive for providing information to the provider of the verification information and the verifier that provided the verification method.

[0314] Furthermore, the authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of the present invention further include a validity evaluation value calculation means for calculating a validity evaluation value by weighting the verification result, thereby making it possible to obtain a verification result that takes weighting into account.

[0315] The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment also include a verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information related to the object to be authenticated, a verification result acquisition means for acquiring multiple verification results related to the legitimacy of the object to be authenticated by multiple different verifiers based on the verification information, and a legitimacy evaluation value calculation means for calculating a legitimacy evaluation value by weighting the multiple verification results. This makes it possible to verify the legitimacy of the verification information used to verify the object to be authenticated.

[0316] Furthermore, in the authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment, the weight is determined according to the reliability assigned to the verifier, thereby making it possible to obtain a verification result that corresponds to the reliability of the verifier.

[0317] The authentication and certification system, program, and authentication and certification method of this embodiment also include a verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information related to an object requiring authentication, and a verification result acquisition means for acquiring a verification result related to the authenticity of the object requiring authentication for one or more verification items based on the verification information, thereby enabling the authenticity of the object requiring authentication to be verified. [Explanation of symbols]

[0318] 1. Appraisal and Certification System 2, 72 terminals 3. Distributed File Server 5 Products requiring appraisal 8. Dedicated Platform 8a Blockchain 8b Blockchain Data 10 Public Communications Network 24 Guarantee card 25 Leader 43 Blockchain Wallet

Claims

1. A verification information acquisition means for acquiring verification information regarding an object to be verified; a verification result acquisition means for acquiring a plurality of verification results regarding the validity of the verification information of the object to be verified, the verification results being verified by a plurality of different verifiers; a validity evaluation value calculation means for calculating a validity evaluation value by weighting the plurality of verification results; Equipped with The weight is larger when the verifier is a national organization than when the verifier is not a national organization.

2. 2. The authentication and certification system according to claim 1, wherein the validity evaluation value calculation means determines the most common verification result among the plurality of verification results as the validity evaluation value.

3. The authentication and certification system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of verifiers includes verification requests to different external verifiers.

4. 2. The authentication and certification system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of verifiers include devices that perform verification using a plurality of verification models generated based on different types of training data.

5. 2. The authentication and certification system according to claim 1, further comprising a recording means for recording the verification result of the object to be authenticated in one or more storage units in association with information about the object to be authenticated.

6. The verification information is classified into a plurality of categories based on the matter to be verified; The verifier to be used is set in advance for each of the categories, 2. The authentication and certification system according to claim 1, wherein the verification result acquisition means acquires a verification result obtained by the verification subject corresponding to a category to which the verification information belongs.

7. 2. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1, further comprising a reward management unit that awards a reward to a provider of said verification information in accordance with said verification result acquired by said verification result acquisition unit.

8. 2. The authentication and certification system according to claim 1, further comprising a reward management means for awarding rewards to the verifier.

9. A program for causing a computer to function as a verification information acquisition means, a verification result acquisition means, and a validity evaluation value calculation means, The verification information acquisition means acquires verification information regarding the object to be verified, the verification result acquisition means acquires a plurality of verification results on the legitimacy of the object to be verified by a plurality of different verification entities, the validity evaluation value calculation means calculates a validity evaluation value by weighting the plurality of verification results; The program, wherein the weight is greater when the verifier is a national organization than when the verifier is not a national organization.

10. A method of appraisal certification carried out by a computer having a control unit, comprising: a step in which the control unit acquires verification information regarding an object to be verified; a step in which the control unit acquires a plurality of verification results regarding the legitimacy of the object to be verified by a plurality of different verification entities; a step of the control unit weighting the plurality of verification results to obtain a validity evaluation value; Including, The authentication and certification method, wherein the weight is greater when the verifier is a national organization than when the verifier is not a national organization.

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