Skateboard with multi-wheel trucks

Abstract

To provide a multi-wheel skateboard truck in a skateboard.SOLUTION: Embodiments of moving wheel platforms that minimizes wheel interactions with noncontinuous and uneven surfaces are described herein. Further, embodiments of moving wheel platforms with rotation-inhibiting structure are described herein. Implementing rotation-inhibiting structures on or in the moving wheel platforms aids in preventing wheel bite.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates generally to skateboards, and more particularly to multi-wheel skateboard trucks.

[0002] (Related application data) This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 822,412, filed March 22, 2019, and U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 880,562, filed July 30, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. [Background technology]

[0003] People have ridden and used skateboards as a convenient and recreational means of transportation. Generally, skateboards offer many favorable advantages over other self-propelled transportation alternatives because they can be easily stored, lifted, and transported. However, very frequently, when a user rides a skateboard over cracks, including contraction joints, expansion joints, control joints, and uneven surfaces (this is not an exhaustive list), the skateboard wheels fall into the crack and then bounce off when they contact the other side of the crack. This type of interaction results in deleterious effects, including noise, impact to the rider, and loss of skateboard control. There is a need in the art for a mobility wheel platform that minimizes wheel interaction with discontinuous and uneven surfaces to improve people's riding comfort and satisfaction. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a moving wheel platform coupled to a skateboard deck according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 shows a partial exploded view of the moving wheel platform of FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows another perspective view of the moving wheel platform coupled to the skateboard of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows the assembled locomotion wheel platform of FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the hanger of FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of the arm of FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows a partial assembly view of FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows an exploded view of a moving wheel platform according to another embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows the moving wheel platform of FIG. 8 assembled and connected to a skateboard. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows an enlarged view of the arm of FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of the hanger of FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows an exploded view of a moving wheel platform according to another embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 shows the assembled locomotion wheel platform of FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 shows the moving wheel platform of FIG. 12 coupled to a skateboard deck. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows a moving wheel platform coupled to a skateboard deck according to another embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 shows an enlarged view of FIG. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 shows an arm according to the embodiment of FIG. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 shows an assembly view of the moving wheel platform of FIG. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 shows a friction-reducing element according to the embodiment of FIG. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows an exploded view of the moving wheel platform of FIG. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 shows an exemplary kinematic analysis of the moving wheeled platform of FIG. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows an exemplary kinematic analysis of the moving wheeled platform of FIG. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 shows an exemplary kinematic analysis of the moving wheeled platform of FIG. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 shows an exemplary kinematic analysis of the moving wheeled platform of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The inventions presented herein are directed to mobile wheeled platforms that can mitigate the negative (or undesirable) feedback experienced by a user when traveling over uneven surfaces, such as cracks in a sidewalk. Many of the mobile wheeled platform embodiments presented herein may be configured for use in skateboard or longboard applications (in the form of trucks). However, in alternative embodiments, the mobile wheeled platforms may be adapted for use in push carts, industrial carts, industrial dollies, commercial carts, commercial dollies, hand trucks, and stack truck applications.

[0006] A skateboard or longboard can include a series of trucks having arms, axles, and wheels, the wheels positioned so that at least two wheels are in contact with the ground at any one time, while other wheels of the truck are suspended or submerged within a crack or void space, as applicable. The trucks are further configured to prevent the wheels of the truck from contacting or engaging the bottom of the skateboard or longboard when a sudden shift in the center of gravity of the skateboard occurs. This is achieved at least in part by a rotation restraining structure.

[0007] As used herein, the terms or phrases "connect," "connected," "connect," and "connecting" may be defined as joining two or more elements together mechanically or otherwise. The connection (whether mechanical or otherwise) may be for any length of time, for example, permanent or semi-permanent, or may be momentary.

[0008] As used herein, the terms or phrases "coupled," "coupled," "couple," and "coupled" may be defined as a relationship between two or more elements in which at least one element influences another element. The connection (whether mechanical or otherwise) may be for any length of time, for example, permanent or semi-permanent, or may be momentary.

[0009] The terms or phrases "fixed," "fixed," "fixing," and "fixing" as used herein may be defined as to securely fasten or fasten (one or more elements) so that they cannot be moved or loosened. The fixation (whether mechanical or not) may be for any length of time, for example, permanent or semi-permanent, or may be momentary.

[0010] As used herein, the term or phrase "width" or "width of an elongate body" is measured in a direction extending from a first end of the elongate body to a second end of the elongate body distal from the first end (or along the longitudinal axis of the elongate body).

[0011] The terms or phrases "coupled," "coupled," "couple," and "coupling," as used herein, may be defined as connecting two or more elements mechanically or otherwise. The coupling (whether mechanical or not) may be for any length of time, e.g., permanent or semi-permanent, or momentary. Mechanical coupling, etc., should be understood broadly and include all types of mechanical coupling. The absence of the terms "removable," "removably," etc., near a term such as "coupled" does not imply that the coupling in question is removably or not.

[0012] The term or phrase "skateboard" or "longboard" as used herein may be defined by four distinct sections. The top of the skateboard is defined as the portion of the deck on which the user stands. The bottom of the skateboard is defined as the portion opposite the top. The conventional stance for a right-handed user is defined as the left foot being in front of the right foot. The front of the skateboard is defined as being proximal to the user's left foot. The rear of the skateboard is defined as being proximal to the user's right foot. The forward direction is defined as the direction when the user's right foot strikes the ground backward, moving the skateboard in the opposite direction.

[0013] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. in this specification and claims, if any, are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily to describe a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, for example, so that the embodiments described herein are capable of operating in orders other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprise," "have," and any conjugation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus that includes a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements and may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, system, article, or apparatus.

[0014] The terms "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "above," "below," etc. in this specification and claims, if any, are used for descriptive purposes and not necessarily to describe permanent relative positions. It should be understood that terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, such that embodiments of the apparatus, methods, and / or articles of manufacture described herein can, for example, operate in other orientations other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

[0015] "A," "an," "the," "at least one," and "one or more" are used interchangeably to indicate the presence of at least one of an item; a plurality of such items may be present unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. All numerical values ​​of parameters (e.g., amounts or conditions) in this specification, including the appended claims, should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about," regardless of whether "about" actually precedes the numerical value. "About" indicates that the stated numerical value allows for some slight imprecision (some proximity to the precision of the value, approximately close to or reasonably close to the value, approximately equal to the value). Unless the imprecision provided by "about" is otherwise understood in this ordinary sense in the art, "about," as used herein, at least indicates the variation that can result from normal measurement and normal usage of such parameters. Additionally, the disclosure of a range includes the disclosure of all values ​​and sub-ranges within the entire range. Each value within a range and the endpoints of the range are all disclosed herein as separate embodiments. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "including," and "having" are inclusive and thus describe the presence of stated items but do not exclude the presence of other items. As used herein, the term "or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed items. Where terms such as first, second, third, etc. are used to distinguish various items from one another, these designations are merely for convenience and do not limit the items.

[0016] In many examples as used herein, the term "approximately" may be used when comparing one or more values, ranges of values, relationships (e.g., position, orientation, etc.), or parameters (e.g., velocity, acceleration, mass, temperature, spin rate, spin direction, etc.) to one or more other values, ranges of values, or parameters, respectively, and / or when describing a condition (with respect to time), e.g., a condition that remains constant with respect to time. In these examples, use of the term "approximately" means that the value, range of values, relationship, parameter, or condition is within ±0.5%, ±1.0%, ±2.0%, ±3.0%, ±5.0%, and / or ±10%, as applicable, of the associated value, range of values, relationship, parameter, or condition.

[0017] Before any embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the following drawings. The disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

[0018] Presented herein is a skateboard or longboard (skateboard 111, 511) comprising a series of trucks. The moving wheel platforms described herein may be adapted for use with skateboards or longboards in the form of trucks (trucks 100, 200, 300, 400, 500). Figures 1-20 illustrate multiple truck embodiments that enable the device to glide, hoover, and / or reduce adverse interaction between the skateboard trucks and the ground when the skateboard is traveling over uneven surfaces, cracks, or joints. The various trucks (100, 200, 300, 400, or 500) comprise a hanger having an elongated body, a pivoting saddle protruding from the elongated body, one or more axles extending through or partially through the elongated body, one or more arms rotatably coupled (or connected) to the elongated body, and one or more rotational restraining structures that control the rotation of the one or more arms. Additionally, various wheel placements and rotation restraint structures are presented that cooperate together to differently approach gaps present along the skating surface. Various positions, placements, and configurations of the wheels, arms, and rotation restraint structures prevent the wheels from interacting with, overextending, and / or engaging the bottom surface of the skateboard or longboard.

[0019] I. Components of a Skateboard Truck 1. Hanger In many of the exemplary skateboard truck embodiments, the truck includes a hanger. The hanger generally includes an elongated body, a pivot saddle protruding from the elongated body, a void (or bore) extending longitudinally through the elongated body, one or more arms pivotally (and / or removably) engaged with the hanger, and one or more rotational restraining structures configured to limit excessive rotation of the one or more arms. In many embodiments, the hanger is configured to be coupled to a base plate.

[0020] The base plate may alternatively be secured to the bottom of the skateboard or longboard. When the hanger and base plate are mated together, a linkage is formed that allows the hanger to be a base or foundation that directly or indirectly connects, joins, or secures many of the components described below to one another.

[0021] 2. Long and slender body Generally, in many embodiments, a portion of a hanger comprises an elongated body. The elongated body of a hanger may be cylindrical (elongated cylindrical body) and / or tubular (elongated tubular body). FIG. 2 shows a portion of an elongated body having a cylindrical portion. In this embodiment, the elongated cylindrical body may have a constant radius extending from the first end to the second end of the elongated cylindrical body (i.e., along the length of the elongated body). The constant radius may range between 0.1 inches and 1 inch. In many embodiments, the constant radius may be 0.1 inches, 0.2 inches, 0.3 inches, 0.4 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.6 inches, 0.7 inches, 0.8 inches, 0.9 inches, or 1.0 inches. In other embodiments, the radius may be between about 0.1 inches and 0.2 inches, 0.2 inches and 0.3 inches, 0.3 inches and 0.4 inches, 0.4 inches and 0.5 inches, 0.5 inches and 0.6 inches, 0.6 inches and 0.7 inches, 0.7 inches and 0.8 inches, 0.8 inches and 0.9 inches, or 0.9 inches and 1.0 inches. The radius of the elongated cylindrical body may be varied to change the mass properties of the skateboard truck.

[0022] As previously mentioned, the elongate body may be tubular (elongate tubular body). In many embodiments, the elongate tubular body has an inner diameter and an outer diameter across the width of the hanger (see FIG. 8). FIG. 8 shows an elongate tubular member defined by an inner diameter D1 and an outer diameter D2. The inner diameter of the elongate tubular body may range between 0.01 inches and 0.55 inches.

[0023] In specific embodiments, the inner diameter D1 of the elongate tubular body can be 0.01 inch, 0.03 inch, 0.05 inch, 0.07 inch, 0.09 inch, 0.11 inch, 0.13 inch, 0.15 inch, 0.17 inch, 0.19 inch, 0.21 inch, 0.23 inch, 0.25 inch, 0.27 inch, 0.29 inch, 0.31 inch, 0.33 inch, 0.35 inch, 0.37 inch, 0.39 inch, 0.41 inch, 0.43 inch, 0.45 inch, 0.47 inch, 0.49 inch, 0.51 inch, 0.53 inch, or 0.55 inch. The outer diameter D2 can range between 0.1 inch and 1.0 inch. Specifically, the outer diameter of the elongate tubular body may be 0.1 inch, 0.2 inch, 0.3 inch, 0.4 inch, 0.5 inch, 0.6 inch, 0.7 inch, 0.8 inch, 0.9 inch, or 1.0 inch, or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the outer diameter D2 may range between 0.1 inch and 0.2 inch, 0.2 inch and 0.3 inch, 0.3 inch and 0.4 inch, 0.4 inch and 0.5 inch, 0.5 inch and 0.6 inch, 0.6 inch and 0.7 inch, 0.7 inch and 0.8 inch, 0.8 inch and 0.9 inch, or 0.9 inch and 1.0 inch.

[0024] The elongated body material may be comprised of any material used to construct conventional skateboard trucks. The elongated body of the hanger may be made from any one or combination of 8620 alloy steel, S25C steel, carbon steel, maraging steel, 17-4 stainless steel, 1380 stainless steel, 303 stainless steel, stainless steel alloy, brushed steel, tungsten, titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, aluminum 3003, aluminum 5052, aluminum 6061, aluminum 7075, aluminum A356, ADC-12, or any other metal or plastic suitable for making an elongated body. The material of the elongated body may vary based on the intended use and / or weight of the hanger.

[0025] The elongated body of the hanger may vary in width to accommodate (or complement) the width of the skateboard deck or particular device. In many embodiments, the width of the elongated body may range between about 5 inches and about 9 inches. In other embodiments, the width of the elongated body may be about 5 inches to 6 inches, 6 inches to 7 inches, 7 inches to 8 inches, or 8 inches to 9 inches. In further embodiments, the width of the elongated body may be about 5 inches, 6 inches, 7 inches, 8 inches, 9 inches, or other suitable width that allows for the appropriate relationship between the width of the skateboard and the width of the hanger.

[0026] In many embodiments, a portion of the elongate body in the width direction forms a void. Exemplary embodiments of voided elongate bodies are shown in Figures 2 and 5. Figures 2 and 5 show voids formed at each corresponding end (first end and second end) of the elongate body. Each void extends widthwise between about 1% and about 50% of the overall width of the hanger. In other words, a portion of the elongate body surrounds the void, as further shown in Figures 1-4, 9, and 10.

[0027] Each void in the elongate body may extend between approximately 1% and 50% of the width of the elongate body. Specifically, in many embodiments, the voids may extend between approximately 1% and 5%, 5% and 10%, 10% and 15%, 15% and 20%, 20% and 25%, 25% and 30%, 30% and 35%, 35% and 40%, 40% and 45%, or 45% and 50% of the width of the elongate body. In another embodiment, as shown in Figures 8-19, the hanger may define a bore extending completely through the elongate body. The void or bore may allow one or more axles to be securely attached to the elongate body.

[0028] 3. Axle The track further comprises at least one axle. The one or more axles may extend either completely through the elongated body of the hanger (if the elongated body forms a bore) or partially through the elongated body (if the elongated body forms a void). In many embodiments, when the bore extends completely through the elongated body, only one axle is required. When a portion of the hanger is solid, voids are present at both distal ends of the elongated body, with two different axles extending through and out of the ends of the elongated body. Because a solid portion of the elongated body is present between the voids, the voids may extend from each end of the elongated body to any percentage (less than about 50%) of the width of the elongated body.

[0029] 4. Wheels The truck further comprises at least two wheels. In many embodiments, the one or more axles are configured to receive one or more wheels. Each of the one or more wheels may be characterized by a diameter (wheel diameter), a durometer (wheel durometer), and a material (wheel material). In many embodiments, the truck may have two or more wheels, three or more wheels, four or more wheels, five or more wheels, or six or more wheels. Further for example, in many embodiments, a skateboard truck may have two wheels, three wheels, four wheels, five wheels, six wheels, or seven wheels.

[0030] In many embodiments, the diameter of one or more wheels ranges between 40 mm and 76 mm. In other embodiments, the wheel diameter may range from 40 mm to 42 mm, 42 mm to 44 mm, 44 mm to 46 mm, 46 mm to 48 mm, 48 mm to 50 mm, 50 mm to 52 mm, 52 mm to 54 mm, 54 mm to 56 mm, 56 mm to 58 mm, 58 mm to 60 mm, 60 mm to 62 mm, 62 mm to 64 mm, 64 mm to 66 mm, 66 mm to 68 mm, 68 mm to 70 mm, 70 mm to 72 mm, 72 mm to 74 mm, or 74 mm to 76 mm. In some embodiments, the wheel diameter of one or more wheels may be 40mm, 41mm, 42mm, 43mm, 44mm, 45mm, 46mm, 47mm, 48mm, 49mm, 50mm, 51mm, 52mm, 53mm, 54mm, 55mm, 56mm, 57mm, 58mm, 59mm, 60mm, 61mm, 62mm, 63mm, 64mm, 65mm, 66mm, 67mm, 68mm, 69mm, 70mm, 71mm, 72mm, 73mm, 74mm, 75mm, or 76mm.

[0031] One or more wheels may have the same and / or similar diameter to another wheel, two or more wheels, three or more wheels, four or more wheels, or five or more wheels. In alternative embodiments, one or more wheels may have a different wheel diameter to another wheel, two or more wheels, three or more wheels, four or more wheels, or five or more wheels.

[0032] In many embodiments, the wheel durometer may vary based on the intended use of the wheels and the desired grip on the surface. For example, if a user (or individual) requires wheels that provide sufficient grip for riding over rough surfaces, sidewalk contraction joints, cracks, pebbles, rocks, etc., the durometer of the wheels may range between approximately 78a and 98a. In other embodiments, the wheel durometer value may be between approximately 78a and 80a, 80a and 82a, 82a and 84a, 84a and 86a, 86a and 88a, 88a and 90a, 90a and 92a, 92a and 94a, 94a and 96a, or 96a and 98a. In some embodiments, the wheel durometer may be 78a, 79a, 80a, 81a, 82a, 83a, 84a, 85a, 86a, 87a, 88a, 89a, 90a, 91a, 92a, 93a, 94a, 95a, 96a, 97a, or 98a. To achieve the desired wheel durometer, the wheels may be formed from various plastic or plastic polyurethane materials.

[0033] 5. Wheel bearings Each of the plurality of wheels further includes a wheel bearing set. In many exemplary embodiments, the center of each of the plurality of wheels forms a cutout portion to accommodate the wheel bearing set. The wheel bearing set reduces or eliminates friction between the plurality of wheels and the axle around which the wheels rotate. The cutout portion may be substantially round or circular, although in alternative embodiments, the cutout portion may be any geometric shape that allows for rotation. In many exemplary embodiments, the wheel bearing set may be in the form of a steel bearing set or a ceramic bearing set.

[0034] 6. Pivot Saddle In many embodiments, the hanger further comprises a pivot saddle extending from the elongated body. The pivot saddle allows a user to change the direction of the truck. For example, the pivot saddle provides the ability to swivel the truck left or right. The pivot saddle comprises a pivot tip and a pivot body. Generally, and more preferably, the pivot saddle may be integrally connected to the elongated body and thus formed as a single component. In other embodiments, the pivot saddle and the elongated body may be formed from similar or different materials. The combination of the elongated body and the pivot saddle generally defines a triangular shape. The pivot saddle connects and engages with the base plate.

[0035] In many embodiments, the pivot saddle is centrally located relative to the first and second ends along the elongate body. In alternative embodiments, the pivot saddle may be asymmetrically located along the elongate body. In many embodiments, the pivot saddle may be located between about 20% and about 80% of the overall width of the elongate body (measured from either the first end or the second end of the hanger's elongate body). For example, the pivot saddle may be located approximately 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, or 55% away from the first end and / or second end of the elongate body.

[0036] In many embodiments, the pivot body alone may be substantially triangular in shape, as shown in some of the exemplary embodiments below. In alternative embodiments, the pivot body may be substantially square, rectangular, curvilinear, semicircular, parabolic, or a combination thereof.

[0037] In many embodiments, the pivot body defines a through opening (pivot body opening). Typically, the through opening has a circular or cylindrical geometric shape. However, in other embodiments, the through opening may have an oval, elliptical, round, or countersunk geometric shape.

[0038] The pivot body material may be comprised of any material used to construct conventional skateboard trucks. The pivot body of the pivot saddle may be made from any one or combination of 8620 alloy steel, S25C steel, carbon steel, maraging steel, 17-4 stainless steel, 1380 stainless steel, 303 stainless steel, stainless steel alloy, brushed steel, tungsten, titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, aluminum 3003, aluminum 5052, aluminum 6061, aluminum 7075, ADC-12, aluminum A356, or any other metal suitable for making a pivot body. In many embodiments, the pivot body is made from aluminum 6061 or a cast equivalent. The material of the pivot body may vary based on the intended use and / or desired weight of the pivot saddle.

[0039] The pivot tip of the pivot saddle engages with the pivot cup of the base plate. The pivot tip and pivot body combined together form a pivot saddle that allows the truck to travel in both left and / or right directions. The pivot tip may be integrally formed with the pivot body, thereby forming a single continuous structure.

[0040] In many embodiments, the pivot tip is widest at the surface adjacent the pivot body and gradually tapers (i.e., decreases in width with increasing distance from the adjacent surface) as the pivot tip moves further away from the adjacent surface. At its most distal point from the adjacent surface, the pivot tip is substantially pointed and / or tipped. The arrangement and interaction of the pivot saddle and pivot cup are described in more detail below.

[0041] The pivot tip material may be comprised of any material used to construct conventional skateboard trucks. The pivot tip of the pivot saddle may be made from any one or combination of 8620 alloy steel, S25C steel, carbon steel, maraging steel, 17-4 stainless steel, 1380 stainless steel, 303 stainless steel, stainless steel alloy, brushed steel, tungsten, titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, aluminum 3003, aluminum 5052, aluminum 6061, aluminum 7075, ADC-12, aluminum A356, or any metal suitable for making a pivot tip. In many embodiments, the pivot tip may be made from aluminum 6061 or a cast equivalent. The material of the pivot tip may vary based on the intended use and / or desired weight of the pivot saddle.

[0042] 7. Base plate As previously described, the base plate is configured to receive a portion of the hanger, more specifically a portion of the pivot saddle. In many embodiments, a pivot tip of the pivot saddle protrudes from the elongated body of the hanger and engages a portion of the base plate, thereby securing the hanger and base plate together. The base plate may be defined as a component of a mobile wheel platform (or track) that couples, connects, attaches, and / or couples the elongated body, wheels, and pivot saddle to a given device to create a "mobile device."

[0043] The base plate defines a plurality of bolt receiving ports, at least one kingpin receiving port, and at least one pivot cup receiving port that provide receiving geometries for a plurality of bolts, a kingpin, and a pivot tip of a pivot saddle, respectively, thereby enabling the moving wheel platform or track to be secured to a given device.

[0044] In many embodiments, the plurality of bolt-receiving ports (of the base plate) are located near the periphery or edge of the base plate. Further, in many embodiments, the plurality of bolt-receiving ports are threaded (threaded bolt-receiving ports). The geometric characteristics of the threaded bolt-receiving ports may vary based on the geometric characteristics (i.e., thread type, number of threads, pitch, etc.) of a corresponding fastener configured to be received therein.

[0045] For example, by way of non-limiting example, the base plate may have two bolt receiving ports, three bolt receiving ports, four bolt receiving ports, five bolt receiving ports, six bolt receiving ports, or seven bolt receiving ports. As will be seen and further described below, the base plate may include at least four bolt receiving ports. This provides sufficient structural rigidity to secure the base plate to a given device (i.e., to secure a skateboard truck to a skateboard deck).

[0046] The kingpin receiving opening (in the base plate) may be centrally located in the base plate relative to the perimeter wall of the base plate. In many embodiments, the kingpin receiving opening may be threaded or unthreaded. The geometric characteristics of the kingpin receiving opening may vary based on the kingpin type and geometry (i.e., thread type, number of threads, pitch, etc.). As seen in the following embodiments and further described, the kingpin receiving opening may be located forward of the pivot cup in the base plate. In many embodiments, the kingpin may be a hollow screw that connects the elongated hollow body and pivot saddle together (at the opening in the pivot body) to the base plate. This arrangement couples the elongated hollow body and pivot saddle to the base plate.

[0047] The base plate material may be comprised of any material used to construct conventional skateboard trucks. The base plate may be made from any one or combination of 8620 alloy steel, S25C steel, carbon steel, maraging steel, 17-4 stainless steel, 1380 stainless steel, 303 stainless steel, stainless steel alloy, brushed steel, tungsten, titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, aluminum 3003, aluminum 5052, aluminum 6061, aluminum 7075, ADC-12, aluminum A356, or any metal suitable for making a base plate. In many embodiments, the base plate is made from aluminum 6061. The base plate material may vary based on the intended use and / or desired weight of the base plate.

[0048] 8.Pivot cup bushing The pivot cup receiving port (of the base plate) may be centrally located in the base plate relative to the perimeter wall (of the base plate). In many embodiments, the pivot cup receiving port may be configured to receive a pivot cup bushing. The pivot cup bushing is generally constructed of a different material than the pivot cup receiving port. For example, in many embodiments, the pivot cup bushing may be constructed of a plastic, polyurethane, or Delrin® material. As seen in the following embodiments, the pivot cup receiving port may be located rearward of the kingpin receiving opening in the base plate.

[0049] The pivot tip of the pivot saddle may be configured to be received within the pivot cup bushing, which in turn is configured to be received within the pivot cup receiving port. The combination of the pivot tip, pivot cup bushing, and pivot cup receiving port allows for less metal-to-metal friction and the ability to more effectively pivot, rotate, and / or change the skateboard truck in different directions.

[0050] 9. Arm The hanger further includes one or more arms rotatably coupled to the elongated body of the hanger. In many of the illustrated embodiments, the one or more arms may be on either side of a pivot saddle, or the pivot saddle in combination with the one or more arms may form a backstop, thereby establishing a mechanical stop to prevent the one or more arms from being over-tensioned or over-rotated.

[0051] The one or more arms include a first segment and a second segment. The first segment may be considered a leading segment and is in front of the second segment ("rear segment"). The second segment may be considered a trailing segment and is behind the first segment. In many embodiments, as shown in Figures 1-4, the first segment may be similar or equal in length to the second segment. In other embodiments, the first segment may be 15% to 35% longer in length than the second segment. In further embodiments, the first segment may be 15% to 17%, 17% to 19%, 19% to 21%, 21% to 23%, 23% to 25%, 25% to 27%, 27% to 29%, 29% to 31%, 31% to 33%, and 33% to 35% longer in length than the second segment. In many embodiments, the first segment may be 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, or 35% longer in length than the second segment.

[0052] The first and second segments of one or more arms may be formed together so as to be substantially coplanar with one another. In other embodiments, the first and second segments may be at an angle between 160 and 180 degrees relative to one another. For example, in some embodiments, the angle between the first and second segments may be between about 160 and 165 degrees, 165 and 170 degrees, 170 and 175 degrees, or 175 and 180 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the angle between the first segment and the second segment may be 160 degrees, 161 degrees, 162 degrees, 163 degrees, 164 degrees, 165 degrees, 166 degrees, 167 degrees, 168 degrees, 169 degrees, 170 degrees, 171 degrees, 172 degrees, 173 degrees, 174 degrees, 175 degrees, 176 degrees, 177 degrees, 178 degrees, 179 degrees, or 180 degrees.

[0053] The one or more arms may further comprise a front region, which may be similar to the first segment, a rear region, which may be similar to the second segment, and a central region between the first and second segments. The front region forms a first opening (also known as the "front opening"). The central region forms a second opening (also known as the "central opening"). The rear region forms a third opening (also known as the "rear opening"). The openings may be in the form of through openings, bore openings, cylindrical openings, and / or circular openings. The diameters of the first opening (front opening), second opening (central opening), and third opening (rear opening) may be the same or different from one another.

[0054] The diameters of the front, center, and rear openings may range between 0.25 inches and 1.01 inches. In many embodiments, the front opening, the center opening, and the rear opening are between 0.25 inches and 0.27 inches, 0.27 inches and 0.29 inches, 0.29 inches and 0.31 inches, 0.31 inches and 0.33 inches, 0.33 inches and 0.35 inches, 0.35 inches and 0.37 inches, 0.37 inches and 0.39 inches, 0.39 inches and 0.41 inches, 0.41 inches and 0.43 inches, 0.43 inches and 0.45 inches, 0.45 inches and 0.47 inches, 0.47 inches and 0.49 inches, 0.49 inches and 0.51 inches, 0.51 inches and 0.53 inches, 0.53 inches and 0.55 inches, 0.55 inches and 0.57 inches, 0.57 inches and 0.59 inches, 0.59 inches and 0.61 inches, 0.61 inches. The thickness may be in the range of 0.63 inches to 0.65 inches, 0.65 inches to 0.67 inches, 0.67 inches to 0.69 inches, 0.69 inches to 0.71 inches, 0.71 inches to 0.73 inches, 0.73 inches to 0.75 inches, 0.75 inches to 0.77 inches, 0.77 inches to 0.79 inches, 0.79 inches to 0.81 inches, 0.81 inches to 0.83 inches, 0.83 inches to 0.85 inches, 0.85 inches to 0.87 inches, 0.87 inches to 0.89 inches, 0.89 inches to 0.91 inches, 0.91 inches to 0.93 inches, 0.93 inches to 0.95 inches, 0.95 inches to 0.97 inches, 0.97 inches to 0.99 inches, or 0.99 inches to 1.01 inches. In specific embodiments, the front opening, center opening, and rear opening may be about 0.25 inches, about 0.30 inches, about 0.35 inches, about 0.40 inches, about 0.45 inches, or about 0.50 inches.

[0055] The front opening of the one or more arms may be configured to receive a front axle and corresponding front wheels. The rear opening of the one or more arms may be configured to receive a rear axle and corresponding rear wheels. The central opening of the one or more arms may be configured to concentrically attach, connect, and / or couple to the elongated body of the hanger. This concentric connection between the central opening of the one or more arms and the elongated body of the hanger forms a lever arm, which may also be referred to as a pivot arm, thereby allowing the one or more arms to rotate and / or pivot relative to the elongated body.

[0056] As mentioned above, the level arm (or "pivot arm") rotates about the elongated body. This type of rotation and / or pivoting allows the front and / or rear wheels to climb or slide over foreign debris, such as sidewalk contraction joints, pebbles, small rocks, uneven surfaces, or other debris that may be present on the ground. Some of the benefits and advantages of the level arm are discussed further in the Benefits section.

[0057] 10. Rotation suppression structure The truck may further include one or more rotation-reducing structures. The rotation-reducing structures prevent the level arm (or pivot arm) from over-rotating beyond a predetermined angle. The rotation-reducing structures may take various forms. For example, in one embodiment, the rotation-reducing structures may integrally protrude or extend from a truck component (i.e., pivot body). In another embodiment, the truck component may define a rotation-reducing structure, which may take the form of a notch, gap, slot, or slit. The rotation-reducing structures beneficially prevent the level arm or pivot arm from over-rotating to the point where either the front or rear wheels contact the bottom surface of the skateboard deck during skateboard or longboard engagement.

[0058] In one exemplary embodiment, when the front and rear wheels of the level arm or pivot arm are on the ground, the rotation suppression structure prevents the front and rear ends of the pivot arm from rotating upward more than 50 degrees. In other embodiments, the rotation suppression structure may prevent the front and rear ends of the pivot arm from rotating upward more than 45 degrees, 40 degrees, 35 degrees, 30 degrees, 25 degrees, 20 degrees, 15 degrees, 10 degrees, or 5 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the predetermined range of motion of the front and rear ends of the level arm (or pivot arm) may be approximately 0 to 45 degrees, 0 to 40 degrees, 0 to 35 degrees, 0 to 30 degrees, 0 to 25 degrees, 0 to 20 degrees, 0 to 15 degrees, 0 to 10 degrees, or 0 to 5 degrees.

[0059] The zero degree reference angle is defined as the position where both the front and rear wheels of the level or pivot arm are on substantially flat ground. When the pivot arm is rotated upward (i.e., the vertical distance between the front or rear wheels relative to the bottom surface of the skateboard deck is less than the vertical distance between the front and rear wheels in a rest position (on substantially flat ground) relative to the bottom surface of the skateboard deck), the effect of the rotation suppression structure occurs when the pivot or level arm reaches a predetermined rotation threshold angle.

[0060] 11. Friction-reducing elements In many exemplary embodiments, the track preferably includes a friction-reducing element. Generally, the friction-reducing element is a component between the elongated body and one or more arms of the hanger (which may be defined as the medium between the central opening of one or more arms and the elongated body). The friction-reducing element reduces the magnitude of the frictional force between the elongated body and one or more arms of the hanger. Specifically, in many embodiments, the friction-reducing element prevents material wear. In alternative embodiments, the friction-reducing element may be in the form of a flange. In other embodiments, the friction-reducing element may be cylindrical, round, circular, or tubular to complement the shape of the central opening of one or more arms.

[0061] The friction-reducing elements may be made from any one or combination of nylon, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, or any plastic suitable for reducing friction between two materials, hi some embodiments, the friction-reducing elements are constructed from a nylon material.

[0062] I. Beneficiality The moving wheel platforms described herein beneficially improve self-propelled equipment or devices. In particular, by forming a moving wheel platform (skateboard truck or truck) that, when fully assembled (the truck assembly), includes a rotational restraint structure and pivot / lever arms, the truck assembly effectively rides over foreign objects such as, but not limited to, sidewalk contraction joints, pebbles, rocks, cracks, or similar objects that create interference between the wheels and the ground (when the self-propelled device is moving).

[0063] In many embodiments, a moving wheel platform (or skateboard truck) includes four or more wheels. These wheels may be arranged in a diamond configuration. The first and second wheels (two of the four wheels) may be attached to each end of the elongated body. The third and fourth wheels (the other two of the four wheels) may be attached to the front and rear segments of one or more pivot / level arms. This type of wheel configuration evenly distributes the force applied to the truck, creating a balanced truck that more effectively glides and / or climbs over sidewalk contraction joints and / or other types of surface cracks. This beneficially prevents (or reduces) the multiple wheels of the moving wheel platform from entering (or the extent to which) sidewalk contraction joints or cracks. This prevents the wheels from engaging or getting caught in the sidewalk contraction joints or surface cracks, thus eliminating or significantly reducing a person's potential loss of balance and / or propulsion.

[0064] Another beneficial aspect of the moving wheel platform described herein is having one or more arms concentrically, pivotally, and / or rotatably engaged with the elongated body of the hanger. Having one or more arms rotatable or pivotable about the elongated body of the hanger allows the leading segment or trailing segment to rotate upwardly off the ground at any time. For example, one or more arms concentrically and pivotally connected to the elongated body of the hanger may rotate based on a shift in the skateboard's center of gravity (i.e., the rider's weight being repositioned on the skateboard deck due to leaning, turning, etc.).

[0065] Another beneficial aspect of the moving wheel platforms described herein is the inclusion of one or more rotational restraint structures. By integrating the rotational restraint structures into the moving wheel platform or truck, one or more pivot arms are mechanically prevented from over-rotating beyond a predetermined degree of rotation. This beneficially prevents wheels located on the first segment and / or subsequent segments from unintentionally contacting the bottom of the skateboard deck.

[0066] Another beneficial aspect of the moving wheel platform described herein is the inclusion of at least one friction-reducing element. The friction-reducing element may be disposed between the central opening of one or more arms and the elongated body of the hanger. The friction-reducing element beneficially reduces frictional forces between the cylindrical body of the hanger and the one or more arms. Additionally, the friction-reducing element can prevent wear of material between the one or more arms and the elongated body of the hanger.

[0067] II. Embodiment At least some exemplary embodiments of mobile wheeled platforms according to the present invention are described herein, including skateboard trucks and longboard trucks. Such devices may include all or some of the components, features, and advantages described above.

[0068] Skateboard Trucks I 1-7 illustrate embodiments of a travel wheel platform (or track). The tracks described herein comprise an elongated body having a pivot saddle protruding (or extending) therefrom. The pivot saddle 105 is configured with one or more rotational restraint structures 127 protruding (or extending) outward toward the first end 130 and / or the second end 131 of the elongated body 102. The one or more rotational restraint structures 127 may be adjacent to either side of the pivot saddle or may be spaced apart from the elongated body 102. The spacing formed between the one or more rotational restraint structures 127 may be adapted to accommodate a complementary central region geometry (relative to the rotational restraint structure) of one or more arms 117.

[0069] Specifically, Figure 1 shows a moving wheel platform in the form of a skateboard truck 100. Figure 2 shows a partially exploded view of the skateboard truck of Figure 1. Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the skateboard truck of Figure 1. Figure 4 shows a partially assembled view of the skateboard truck of Figure 1. Figures 5 and 6 show the individual truck components, the hanger and the arm, respectively. Figure 7 shows another perspective view of Figure 3.

[0070] 1 shows an example of a skateboard truck ridden by a rider (not shown), including weights (i.e., but not limited to, a helmet, wrist guards, elbow and knee pads, as needed, and anything else the rider carries or supports, such as a backpack).

[0071] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 , the trucks 100 are attached to a bottom surface 112 of a skateboard deck 111. The skateboard deck 111 includes a top surface 113 that supports a rider (not shown). In this embodiment, the skateboard includes a front truck 100 and a rear truck 200. The front and rear trucks share common components and design. The front truck 100 may be attached to the bottom surface 112 of the skateboard deck 111 at a front portion 114 of the skateboard deck. The rear truck 200 may be attached to the bottom surface 112 of the skateboard deck 111 at a rear portion of the skateboard deck 111.

[0072] 1 and 4 further illustrate an assembled arrangement of the above-described components to form the front track 100 and the rear track 200. In this exemplary embodiment, the components of the front track 100 and the rear track 200 include a hanger 101 having an elongated body 102 and a pivot saddle 105 (with a pivot body 106 and a pivot tip 107), at least four axles 103, a base plate 108, at least two arms 117, at least two rotational restraint structures 127, and at least two friction-reducing elements 126.

[0073] I. Elongated body The elongated body 102 (also shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) may be sized to approximately represent the width of the skateboard deck 111 shown in FIG. 1. As previously mentioned, the width of the elongated body 102 may range from about 4 inches to about 10 inches. In particular, the width of the elongated body 102 may be about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 7 inches, about 8 inches, about 9 inches, or about 10 inches. In alternative embodiments, the width of the elongated body 102 may be about 4 inches to about 5 inches, about 5 inches to about 6 inches, about 6 inches to about 7 inches, about 7 inches to about 8 inches, about 8 inches to about 9 inches, or about 9 inches to about 10 inches. In this embodiment, the width of the elongated body 102 may be about 7 inches.

[0074] The elongate body 102 defines a void 129 that extends from and partially through both the first end 130 and the second end 131 of the elongate body 102. As described above, the elongate body void 129 extends between 5% and 45% of the width of the elongate body at each end of the corresponding elongate body (i.e., the first end 130 and the second end 131). For example, the void may extend through each end of the elongate body 102 between 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45% of the width of the elongate body. In other embodiments, the voids may extend between approximately 1%-5%, 5%-10%, 10%-15%, 15%-20%, 20%-25%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, 35%-40%, or 40%-45% through each end (first end and second end) of elongate body 102. In alternative embodiments, the voids may extend through each end of elongate body a distance less than the overall width of elongate body 102. In this illustrative example, each void formed in part by first end 130 and second end 131 extends approximately 20% of the width of elongate body 102.

[0075] a.Axle Each void 129 formed by the elongated body 102 may further be threaded and configured to receive a partially threaded axle 103. The void 129 and axle 103 are positioned together to form a threadable engagement. In this exemplary embodiment, the axle 103 is constructed from a metallic material, more specifically, steel or a steel alloy. The length of the axle 103 will vary based on the characteristics (i.e., dimensions, etc.) of the void 129. This particular embodiment shows a truck with at least four axles. As described below, each axle is configured to receive at least one wheel 104.

[0076] 1-7 further illustrate that each axle 103 connected to the elongated body 102 of the hanger 101 is configured to hold at least one wheel 104. In this arrangement, the wheels are located proximate the first end 130 and the second end 131 of the elongated body 102. Accordingly, in terms throughout this specification, the wheel 104 proximal to the first end 130 of the elongated body 102 may be considered the left wheel. Similarly, in terms throughout this specification, the wheel 104 proximal to the second end 131 of the elongated body 102 may be considered the right wheel.

[0077] b. Pivot saddle The elongated body 102 of the hanger 101 is integrally connected to a pivot saddle 105 (see FIG. 5). The pivot saddle 105 allows the wheels 104 to rotate or change the orientation of the skateboard deck 111. In this particular embodiment, the pivot saddle 105 is symmetrically positioned across the width of the elongated body 102. As described above, the pivot saddle 105 includes a pivot body 106 (which forms an opening 132) and a pivot tip 107. The opening 132 in the pivot body 106 has a diameter of approximately 0.5 inches. In alternative embodiments, the diameter of the pivot body opening 132 may range from approximately 0.2 inches to approximately 3 inches.

[0078] The pivot body and pivot tip combine to form a pivot body length 133. The pivot body length 133 may range from 1 inch to 5 inches. In particular, the pivot body length 133 may be 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 2.5 inches, 3 inches, 3.5 inches, 4 inches, 4.5 inches, or 5 inches. In an exemplary embodiment, the pivot body length 133 may be approximately 2.5 inches. The pivot body length 133 may vary based on the rider's intended use. For example, if a user desires a more responsive track with respect to left and / or right movements, a shorter pivot body length 133 (i.e., less than 2.5 inches) may be desired, or conversely, for a less responsive track, a longer pivot body length 133 (i.e., greater than 2.5 inches) may be desired. However, a shorter pivot body length can result in wheel bite (the wheels contacting the bottom surface of the skateboard), which creates the need for a rotational restraint structure 127.

[0079] c. Rotation suppression structure The pivot saddle 105 of the hanger 101 further includes an integrally connected rotational restraint structure 127. The rotational restraint structure prevents one or more of the arms 117 from over-rotating to the point where the wheels 104 engage the bottom surface 112 of the skateboard deck 111. As shown in FIGS. 1-7 , the rotational restraint structures 127 are adjacent to, coplanar with, and on either side of the pivot saddle 105, and spaced apart from the elongated body 102. In an alternative embodiment, because the arms 117 are coupled together by an axle, only one rotational restraint structure 127 is needed to prevent the arms 117 from over-rotating. Thus, the arms 117 move, rotate, and stop simultaneously.

[0080] The rotational restraint structure spacing distance may be defined as measured perpendicularly from the elongated body 102 to the rotational restraint structure 127. The rotational restraint structure spacing distance may range from 0.125 inches to 3 inches. In particular, the rotational restraint structure spacing distances are 0.125 inches to 0.225 inches, 0.225 inches to 0.325 inches, 0.325 inches to 0.425 inches, 0.425 inches to 0.525 inches, 0.525 inches to 0.625 inches, 0.625 inches to 0.725 inches, 0.725 inches to 0.825 inches, 0.825 inches to 0.925 inches, 0.925 inches to 1.025 inches, 1.025 inches to 1.125 inches, 1.125 inches to 1.225 inches, 1.225 inches to 1.325 inches, 1.325 inches to 1.425 inches, 1.425 inches to 1.525 inches, and 1.525 inches. The width may be between 1.625 inches and 1.625 inches, 1.625 inches and 1.725 inches, 1.725 inches and 1.825 inches, 1.825 inches and 1.925 inches, 1.925 inches and 2.025 inches, 2.025 inches and 2.125 inches, 2.125 inches and 2.225 inches, 2.225 inches and 2.325 inches, 2.325 inches and 2.425 inches, 2.425 inches and 2.525 inches, 2.525 inches and 2.625 inches, 2.625 inches and 2.725 inches, 2.725 inches and 2.825 inches, 2.825 inches and 2.925 inches, or 2.925 inches and 3.025 inches.

[0081] The geometry of the rotational restraining structure 127 in this exemplary embodiment includes a central portion 134 with a semicircular profile and elongated end projections 135 connected to either side of the semicircular profile.

[0082] As previously mentioned, central portion 134 of rotational restraint structure 127 comprises a semicircular profile. The semicircular profile of central portion 134 may have a diameter ranging from 0.1 inches to about 1 inch. For example, in some embodiments, the diameter of the semicircular profile may be 0.1 inches, 0.2 inches, 0.3 inches, 0.4 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.6 inches, 0.7 inches, 0.8 inches, 0.9 inches, or 1 inch. In other embodiments, the diameter of the semicircular profile may be 0.1 inches to 0.3 inches, 0.3 inches to 0.5 inches, 0.5 inches to 0.8 inches, or 0.8 inches to 1.1 inches.

[0083] As described above, the semicircular profile of the central portion 134 is connected to an elongated end protrusion 135 that protrudes from the semicircular profile. The elongated end protrusion 135 may generally be of any shape, length, or geometry, so long as the elongated end protrusion is configured to limit the rotation of the arm(s) 117 to a predetermined angle. In many embodiments, the elongated end protrusion 135 may be non-circular or non-elliptical. In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the rotation restraining structure is approximately 2.5 inches (measured along the length of the skateboard). The rotation of the arm(s) 117 is limited when a portion of the arm contacts a portion of the rotation restraining structure 127, thereby creating a mechanical stop (see FIG. 7 ).

[0084] As previously mentioned, the length of the rotation restraining structure is measured in a direction extending along the longitudinal axis of the skateboard deck 111. In many embodiments, the length of the rotation restraining structure may range from about 0.5 inches to about 4 inches. For example, the length of the rotation restraining structure may be between 0.5 inches and 0.75 inches, 0.75 inches and 1.00 inches, 1.0 inches and 1.25 inches, 1.25 inches and 1.50 inches, 1.50 inches and 1.75 inches, 1.75 inches and 2.00 inches, 2.00 inches and 2.25 inches, 2.25 inches and 2.50 inches, 2.50 inches and 2.75 inches, 2.75 inches and 3.00 inches, 3.00 inches and 3.25 inches, 3.25 inches and 3.50 inches, 3.50 inches and 3.75 inches, or 3.75 inches and 4.00 inches.

[0085] The width of the rotational restraint structure 127 may vary based on the width of the arm or arms. In general, the width of the rotational restraint structure 127 may be approximately the same as the width of the arm or arms 117 or may be smaller than the width of the arm or arms 117. Limiting the width to approximately the same as or less than the width of the arm or arms 117 ensures that a sufficient surface area of ​​the rotational restraint structure 127 contacts the arm or arms 117 to prevent excessive rotation.

[0086] In this embodiment, the width of the rotational restraint structure 127 is approximately 0.375 inches. However, in other embodiments, the width of the rotational restraint structure may vary between 0.125 inches and approximately 0.6 inches. For example, the width of the rotational restraint structure may be between 0.125 inches and 0.145 inches, 0.145 inches and 0.165 inches, 0.165 inches and 0.185 inches, 0.185 inches and 0.205 inches, 0.205 inches and 0.225 inches, 0.225 inches and 0.245 inches, 0.245 inches and 0.265 inches, 0.265 inches and 0.285 inches, 0.285 inches and 0.305 inches, 0.305 inches and 0.325 inches, 0.325 inches and 0.345 inches, or 0.345 inches and 0.365 inches. The thickness may be between 0.365 inches and 0.385 inches, 0.385 inches and 0.405 inches, 0.405 inches and 0.425 inches, 0.425 inches and 0.445 inches, 0.445 inches and 0.465 inches, 0.465 inches and 0.485 inches, 0.485 inches and 0.505 inches, 0.505 inches and 0.525 inches, 0.525 inches and 0.555 inches, 0.555 inches and 0.575 inches, 0.575 inches and 0.595 inches, or 0.595 inches and 0.615 inches.

[0087] d. Arm As shown in FIG. 6 , the central region 121 of the arm 117 is disposed in the space (or gap) between the rotational restraint structure 127 and the elongated body 102. As described above, one or more arms may further include a front region that may be similar to the first segment, a rear region that may be similar to the second segment, and a central region between the first and second segments. In some embodiments, the first segment 118 and the second segment 119 of the arm 117 are equal in length and coplanar with one another. In other embodiments, the length of the arm 117 may range from about 4 inches to about 9 inches. The length of the arm 117 may be between about 4 inches and about 5 inches, about 5 inches to about 6 inches, about 6 inches to about 7 inches, about 7 inches to about 8 inches, or about 8 inches to about 9 inches. In further embodiments, the length of the arm 117 may be about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 7 inches, about 8 inches, or about 9 inches.

[0088] Figure 3 shows an expanded view of Figure 1. Figure 3 shows that one or more arms 117 may be divided into a front region 120, a central region 121, and a rear region 122. As previously mentioned, the front region 120 is similar to the first segment 118, the rear region 122 is similar to the second segment 119, and the central region 121 is between the front region 120 and the rear region 122.

[0089] 3 further shows a front region 120 forming a front opening 123, a central region 121 forming a central opening 124, and a rear region 122 forming a rear opening 125. In the exemplary embodiment, the front opening 123 and the rear opening 125 have diameters that are smaller than the diameter of the central opening 124. Specifically, the diameters of the front opening 123 and the rear opening 125 are approximately 0.3 inches, and the diameter of the central opening 124 is approximately 0.8 inches.

[0090] 1-4 further illustrate that the front opening 123 and the rear opening 125 of each arm 117 may be configured to receive an axle 103. Each axle 103 is configured to hold a wheel 104. In this configuration, at least two wheels 104 are disposed between (or surrounded by) the arms 117 (i.e., a first arm and a second arm). In other words, at least two wheels are pinned between the two arms 117. Thus, in terms throughout this specification, the wheel 104 proximate the front opening 123 of the arm 117 may be considered the leading wheel and / or front wheel. Similarly, in terms throughout this specification, the wheel 104 adjacent the rear opening 125 of the arm 117 may be considered the trailing wheel and / or rear wheel.

[0091] e. Friction reducing elements 1-4, the embodiment of the track 100, 200 further includes a friction-reducing element 126 configured to be received within the central opening 124 of the arms 117 (i.e., the first arm and the second arm). In this embodiment, the friction-reducing element is constructed from a nylon material and is approximately the same width as the arms 117 and approximately the same diameter as the central opening 124.

[0092] f. Base plate As previously mentioned, the base plate 108 is the component of the truck that couples the elongated body 102, wheels 104, and pivot saddle 105 to the skateboard deck 111 (see FIG. 1). The base plate forms a plurality of bolt receiving ports 109, at least one kingpin receiving port 116, and at least one pivot cup receiving port 115. These receiving ports provide receiving geometries for a plurality of bolts, kingpins, and pivot tips of the pivot saddles, respectively, thereby allowing the moving wheel platform or truck to be secured to a given device.

[0093] The aforementioned arrangement of the track components described herein allows an individual riding a skateboard or longboard to ride over cracks in the sidewalk more efficiently because the configuration of the track components allows the wheels coupled to the elongated body of the hanger to suspend over the contraction joint (i.e., prevent the wheels from dropping into the crack as the user moves over the contraction joint). Additionally, the rotation restraint structure prevents the wheels coupled to the rotatable arms 117 from contacting the bottom of the skateboard (i.e., prevent wheel bite).

[0094] Skateboard Trucks II 8-11 show another embodiment of a moving wheel platform (or track). The track described herein comprises an elongated body 302 having a pivot saddle 305 protruding (or extending) therefrom. The elongated body 302 and the pivot saddle 305 cooperate to form one or more rotational restraining structures 327 in the form of voids. In many embodiments, one or more arms 317 may be disposed within the space formed by the voids defined by the rotational restraining structures 327.

[0095] One or more arms 317 further include a first rotational arresting protrusion 341 and a second rotational arresting protrusion 342 extending outwardly from the arm 317. When the arm 317 is assembled to the hanger, the first rotational arresting protrusion 341 and the second rotational arresting protrusion 342 form an overlapping structure that surrounds (or encloses) a portion of the pivot body 306. As the arm 317 begins to rotate / pivot and clear the ground, the first rotational arresting protrusion 341 and the second rotational arresting protrusion 342 may contact the pivot body 306 to provide a mechanical stop and prevent over-rotation of the arm 317.

[0096] Figure 8 is an exploded view of a mobile wheeled platform according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 9 further illustrates that the mobile wheeled platform (or truck) 300 may be attached to a longboard or another device according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figures 10 and 11 show the hanger and arm separately, respectively.

[0097] In the embodiment of Figures 8-11, the truck 300 comprises multiple components including a hanger 301 having an elongated body 302, an axle 303, a pivot saddle 305 having a pivot body 306 and a pivot tip 307, a base plate 308, at least two arms 317, at least two rotational restraint structures 327, and at least two friction reduction elements 326.

[0098] I. Elongated body The elongated body 302 in this embodiment is configured to be approximately the width of the skateboard deck 311 (FIG. 9). As previously mentioned, the width of the elongated body 302 may range from about 4 inches to about 10 inches. In particular, the width of the elongated body 302 may be 4 inches, 5 inches, 6 inches, 7 inches, 8 inches, 9 inches, or 10 inches. In this exemplary embodiment, the width of the elongated body 302 is approximately 7 inches.

[0099] The elongated body 302 defines a bore 329 that extends through both the first end 330 and the second end 331 of the elongated body 302. In other words, the bore 329 extends across the entire width (100%) of the elongated body 302. In this embodiment, the elongated body is formed from aluminum 6061 or its cast equivalent, aluminum A356.

[0100] II. Axle The bore 329 defined by the elongated body 302 is configured to rigidly receive one axle 303. Specifically, compared to the previous embodiment (FIGS. 1-7), this embodiment requires only one axle. This not only requires fewer components compared to the previous embodiment, but also allows the elongated body to better support the axle, since more surface area of ​​the elongated body engages with the axle. In this embodiment, the axle 303 is constructed from a metallic material, and more specifically, from steel or a steel alloy. The length of the axle 303 will vary based on the width of the elongated body 302. As will be described below, the axle is configured to receive one or more wheels 304.

[0101] The axle 303 includes four segments: a first axle segment adjacent the first end of the elongated body; a second axle segment adjacent the second end of the elongated body; a third axle segment between the first and second segments; and a fourth axle segment between the first and second segments and including a hanger stop 346 that abuts a portion of the elongated body, particularly the first end of the elongated body.

[0102] Hanger stop 346 is wrapped circumferentially around axle 303 and is the thickest portion of the axle. A first segment of the axle extends from a first end of the elongated body to form a first overhang. Similarly, a second segment of the axle extends from a second end of the elongated body to form a second overhang. The first and second overhangs accommodate first and second wheels for securing them to axle 303, respectively.

[0103] III. Rotation control structure The elongate body 302 further defines at least two rotational restraining structures 327 in the form of gaps, notches, slots, or slits. The rotational restraining structures 327 are offset and / or spaced apart from the first and second ends 330, 331 of the elongate body 302. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8-10, the rotational restraining structures 327 are symmetrically positioned along the width of the elongate body 302. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, each rotational restraining structure 327 is offset from the first and second ends 330, 331 of the elongate body by approximately 34%.

[0104] However, in alternative embodiments, the rotational restraining structure 327 may be offset between 5% and 50% from the first end 330 or second end 331 of the elongate body. For example, in many embodiments, the offset distance between the first end and the rotational restraint structure 327 or the second end and the rotational restraint structure 327 may be 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, or 50%.

[0105] The rotational restraining structure 327 comprises at least three inner walls (i.e., a first inner wall 337, a second inner wall 338, and a third inner wall 339) defined by the elongate body 302. The first inner wall is defined as the side wall closest to either the first end 330 or the second end 331 of the elongate body 302. The second inner wall 338 is defined as the side wall adjacent to the side wall of the other rotational restraining structure 327. The third inner wall 339 shares a common edge with both the first inner wall 337 and the second inner wall 339. The first inner wall 337, the second inner wall 338, and the third inner wall 339 form a void therebetween. In many embodiments, a radius may be present where one or more side walls meet to form an edge.

[0106] The distance between the pair of rotational restraint structures 327 may be referred to as the rotational restraint structure spacing distance 340. The rotational restraint structure spacing distance 340 may be defined as the distance measured between the second inner walls 338 of the pair of rotational restraint structures. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotational restraint structure spacing distance 340 is approximately 1.25 inches. However, in alternative embodiments, the rotational restraint structure spacing distance 340 may range between 0.25 inches and 2 inches.

[0107] In other embodiments, the rotational restraint structure spacing distance 340 can range between about 0.25 inches and 0.50 inches, 0.50 inches and 0.75 inches, about 0.75 inches and 1.00 inches, about 1.00 inches and 1.25 inches, about 1.25 inches and 1.50 inches, about 1.50 inches and 1.75 inches, or about 1.75 inches and 2.00 inches. The rotational restraint structures can be about 0.25 inches, 0.50 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 1.00 inches, about 1.25 inches, about 1.50 inches, about 1.75 inches, or about 2.00 inches.

[0108] IV. Arm 10 , one or more arms 317 may be divided into a front region 320, a central region 321, and a rear region 322. As previously described (and similar to arm 117 described above), front region 320 is similar to first segment 318, rear region 322 is similar to second segment 319, and central region 321 is between front region 320 and rear region 322. FIGS. 8 and 10 further illustrate that front region 320 forms a front opening 323, central region 321 forms a central opening 324, and rear region 322 forms a rear opening 325. In an exemplary embodiment, front opening 323 and rear opening 325 have diameters that are smaller than the diameter of central opening 324.

[0109] The central region of one or more arms 317 includes a first rotational deterrent protrusion 341 protruding from the central and front regions 320 of the arm 317, a second rotational deterrent protrusion 342 protruding from the central and rear regions 322 of the arm 317, and a central opening 324. The first rotational deterrent protrusion 341 is closer to the front region 320 of the arm 317 than to the rear region 322 of the arm 317. The second rotational deterrent protrusion 342 is closer to the rear region 322 than to the front region 320.

[0110] An imaginary centerline axis is symmetrically disposed between first rotation inhibiting protrusion 341 and second rotation inhibiting protrusion 342 and extends through the center point of central opening 324. This forms a first rotation inhibiting protrusion angle between the centerline axis and the first rotation inhibiting protrusion, and a second rotation inhibiting protrusion angle between the centerline axis and the second rotation inhibiting protrusion.

[0111] The first rotational restraint angle 343 can range between 2 degrees and 6 degrees. In some embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 343 can range between approximately 2 degrees and 2.5 degrees, 2.5 degrees and 3 degrees, 3 degrees and 3.5 degrees, 3.5 degrees and 4 degrees, 4 degrees and 4.5 degrees, 4.5 degrees and 5 degrees, 5 degrees and 5.5 degrees, or 5.5 degrees and 6 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 343 can be about 2 degrees, about 2.5 degrees, about 3 degrees, about 3.5 degrees, about 4 degrees, about 4.5 degrees, about 5 degrees, about 5.5 degrees, or about 6 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the first rotational restraint angle is about 4 degrees.

[0112] The second rotational restraint angle 344 can range between approximately 12 degrees and 18 degrees. In some embodiments, the second rotational restraint angle 344 can range between 12 degrees and 13 degrees, 13 degrees and 14 degrees, 14 degrees and 15 degrees, 16 degrees and 17 degrees, or 17 degrees and 18 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the second rotational restraint angle 344 can be 12 degrees, 12.5 degrees, 13 degrees, 13.5 degrees, 14 degrees, 14.5 degrees, 15 degrees, 15.5 degrees, 16 degrees, 16.5 degrees, 17 degrees, 17.5 degrees, or 18 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the second rotational restraint angle 344 is approximately 16 degrees.

[0113] A central region of arm 317 may be sized, positioned, and / or configured to be received within void 345 of rotational restraining structure 327. Axle 302 not only extends through the elongated body, but also extends through void 345 and central opening 324, thereby rigidly supporting both the elongated body and arm of the hanger while providing an axis of rotation about which arm 317 rotates. The combination of rotational restraining structure 327 and first and second rotational restraining protrusions 341, 342 of arm 117 form an overlapping structure that encircles (or surrounds) a portion of the pivot body.

[0114] When truck 300 is in the zero degree reference angle configuration, the overlapping structure is not felt or apparent to the rider, but as arm 317 begins to rotate / pivot and lift off the ground, first and second rotation restricting protrusions can contact pivot body 306 to provide a mechanical stop that prevents one or more arms from over-rotating to the point where wheel 304 contacts the bottom surface of the skateboard deck.

[0115] 8 further illustrates that each of the front openings 323 and rear openings 325 of the arms 317 are configured with an axle. Each axle 303 is configured to hold at least one wheel 304. In this configuration, two or more wheels can be positioned between the arms 317. Accordingly, in terms throughout this specification, the wheel 304 proximal (pinned) to the front opening 323 of the arm 317 may be considered the leading wheel and / or front wheel. Similarly, in terms throughout this specification, the wheel 304 proximal (pinned) to the rear opening 325 of the arm 317 may be considered the trailing wheel and / or rear wheel.

[0116] 8 and 10 , an embodiment of the track 300 further includes a friction-reducing element 326 configured to be received within the central opening 324 of the arm 317. In this embodiment, the friction-reducing element is constructed from a nylon material and is approximately the same width as the arm 317 and approximately the same diameter as the central opening 324. In many embodiments, the friction-reducing element 326 may be press-fit into the central opening 324.

[0117] V. Pivot Saddle 8-10 , pivot body 306 and pivot tip 307 form a substantially triangular pivot saddle 305. This type of triangular arrangement extends from a first end 330 of elongate body 302 and a second end 331 of elongate body 302. This type of arrangement acts as structural support for elongate body 302 as pivot saddle 305 engages substantially the entire width of elongate body 302.

[0118] As previously mentioned, base plate 308 is the component of the truck that couples elongated body 302, wheels 304, and pivot saddle 305 to skateboard deck 111. Base plate 308 forms a plurality of bolt receiving ports 309, at least one kingpin receiving port 316, and at least one pivot cup receiving port 315. These receiving ports provide receiving geometries for a plurality of bolts, kingpins, and pivot tips of the pivot saddles, respectively, thereby allowing the moving wheel platform or truck to be secured to a given device.

[0119] The aforementioned arrangement of the track components allows an individual riding a skateboard or longboard to ride over cracks in the sidewalk more efficiently because the configuration of the track components allows wheels coupled to the elongated body of the hanger to suspend over the contraction joint (i.e., prevent the wheels from dropping into the crack as the user travels over the contraction joint). Additionally, the rotation-reducing structure and the rotation-reducing protrusion of the arm cooperate to prevent one or more wheels from contacting the bottom of the skateboard (i.e., prevent wheel bite).

[0120] Skateboard Trucks III 12 and 13 illustrate another embodiment of a travel wheel platform according to the present invention. The truck described herein comprises an elongated body 402 having a pivot saddle 405 protruding (or extending) therefrom. The elongated body 402 and the pivot saddle 405 cooperate to form one or more rotational restraining structures 427 in the form of voids. In many embodiments, only one arm 417 is required to occupy the space formed by the voids defined by the one or more rotational restraining structures 427. More specifically, FIG. 12 illustrates an exploded view of a truck 400 according to another embodiment. FIG. 13 illustrates an assembled view of the truck 400 of FIG. 12.

[0121] 12 and 13 show a preferred arrangement of the above-described components to form a truck 400. In this embodiment, the components of the truck 400 include a hanger 401 including an elongated body 402, at least one axle 403, a pivot saddle 405 having a pivot body 406 and a pivot tip 407, a base plate 408, only one arm 417, at least two rotational restraining structures 427, and at least two sets of friction-reducing elements 426.

[0122] The elongated body 402 of this embodiment is similar to the elongated body 302 of the previous embodiment and is configured to be approximately the width of a skateboard deck 411 (not shown). As previously mentioned, the width of the elongated body 402 may range between 4 inches and 10 inches. In particular, the width of the elongated body 402 may be 4 inches, 5 inches, 6 inches, 7 inches, 8 inches, 9 inches, or 10 inches. In this example, the width of the elongated body 402 is approximately 7 inches.

[0123] The elongated body 402 defines a bore 429 that extends through both the first end 430 and the second end 431 of the elongated body 402. The bore 429 extends across the entire width (100%) of the elongated body 402. In this embodiment, the elongated body may be formed from aluminum 6061 or its cast equivalent, aluminum A356.

[0124] Bore 429 is configured to rigidly receive one axle 403. Specifically, compared to the previous embodiment (FIGS. 1-7), this embodiment requires only one axle. This not only requires fewer components compared to the previous embodiment, but also allows axle 403 to better support elongated body 402 because more surface area of ​​axle 403 engages with elongated body 402.

[0125] The axles 403 may be constructed from a metallic material, and more particularly, from steel or a steel alloy. The axles 403 have a greater Young's modulus than the hanger's elongated body 402, thereby adding further structural support to the elongated body 402. The length of the axles 403 will vary based on the width of the elongated body 402. As described below, each axle is configured to receive at least one wheel 404.

[0126] The elongate body 402 and the pivot body 406 further define and / or comprise at least two rotational restraint structures 427 in the form of gaps, notches, slots, or slits. The rotational restraint structures 427 are offset and / or spaced apart from the first end 430 and the second end 431 of the elongate body 402. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 12 , the rotational restraint structures 427 are symmetrically disposed along the width of the elongate body 402. Specifically, in this embodiment, each rotational restraint structure 427 is offset by approximately 34% from the first end 430 and the second end 431 of the elongate body, respectively. However, in other embodiments, each rotational restraint structure 427 may be offset between 25% and 50% from the first end 430 or the second end 431 of the elongate body 402. For example, in many embodiments, the offset distance between the first end and the rotational restraint structure 427 or the second end and the rotational restraint structure 427 may be 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, or 50%.

[0127] The rotational restraining structure 427 comprises at least three inner walls (i.e., a first inner wall 437, a second inner wall 438, and a third inner wall 439). The first inner wall is defined as the side wall closest to either the first end 430 or the second end 431 of the elongate body 402. The second inner wall 438 is defined as the side wall adjacent to the side wall of the other rotational restraining structure 427. The third inner wall 439 shares a common edge with both the first inner wall 437 and the second inner wall 439. The first inner wall 437, the second inner wall 438, and the third inner wall 439 form voids therebetween.

[0128] The distance between the pair of rotational restraint structures 427 may be referred to as the rotational restraint structure spacing distance 440. The rotational restraint structure spacing distance 440 may be defined as the distance measured between the second inner walls 438 of the pair of rotational restraint structures. In this particular embodiment, the rotational restraint structure spacing distance 440 may be approximately 1.25 inches.

[0129] However, in alternative embodiments, rotational restraint structure spacing distance 440 may range between 0.50 inches and 2 inches. In other embodiments, rotational restraint structure spacing distance 440 may range between 0.50 inches and 0.75 inches, 0.75 inches and 1.00 inches, 1.00 inches and 1.25 inches, 1.25 inches and 1.50 inches, 1.50 inches and 1.75 inches, or 1.75 inches and 2.00 inches. The rotational restraint structures may be 0.50 inches, 0.75 inches, 1.00 inches, 1.25 inches, 1.50 inches, 1.75 inches, or 2.00 inches.

[0130] 12 illustrates that arm 417 may be divided into a front region 420, a central region 421, and a rear region 422. As discussed above, front region 420 is similar to first segment 418, rear region 422 is similar to second segment 419, and central region 421 is between front region 420 and rear region 422. FIG. 11 further illustrates front region 420 forming a front opening 423, central region 421 forming a central opening 424, and rear region 422 forming a rear opening 425. In many embodiments, front opening 423 and rear opening 425 may form diameters that are smaller than the diameter of central opening 424.

[0131] The front region 420 further comprises a first region transition area 446. The rear region 422 comprises a second region transition area 447. The first region transition area 446 is defined as the area or portion where the front region 420 transitions into the central region 421. The second region transition area 447 is defined as the area or portion where the rear region 422 transitions into the central region 421. At the first region transition area 446, the arm 417 divides from one segment to two segments. At the second transition area 447, the arm 417 divides from one segment to two segments.

[0132] In this embodiment, the front region 420 may be one segment region, and the rear region 422 is also one segment region, but the central region between the front region 420 and the rear region 422 is two segment regions arranged to form a substantially rectangular outline. This allows only one arm 417 to occupy at least two rotation suppression structures 427, as the first and second rotation suppression protrusions are located on either side of the two segment regions of the central region 421.

[0133] In other embodiments, the arm 417 may split from one segment to two segments, three segments, or four segments at the first region transition area 446. The arm 417 may split from one segment to two segments, three segments, or four segments at the second transition area 447.

[0134] The central region of one or more arms 417 includes a first rotation inhibiting protrusion 441, a second rotation inhibiting protrusion 442, and a central opening 424. The first rotation inhibiting protrusion 441 protrudes (or extends) from the central region and is closer to the front region 420 than to the rear region 422. The second rotation inhibiting protrusion 442 protrudes from the central region and is closer to the rear region 422 than to the front region 420. The first and second rotation inhibiting protrusions 441, 442 are located on either side of the two segment regions of the central region 421.

[0135] Similar to the previous embodiment, a centerline axis exists between the first rotation inhibiting protrusion 441 and the second rotation inhibiting protrusion 442, and the centerline axis extends through the center point of the central opening 424. A first rotation inhibiting protrusion angle is formed between the centerline and the first rotation inhibiting protrusion. A second rotation inhibiting protrusion angle is formed between the centerline and the second rotation inhibiting protrusion.

[0136] Similar to the embodiments described above, the first rotational restraint angle 443 can range between 2 degrees and 6 degrees. In some embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 443 can range between 2 degrees and 2.5 degrees, 2.5 degrees and 3 degrees, 3 degrees and 3.5 degrees, 3.5 degrees and 4 degrees, 4 degrees and 4.5 degrees, 4.5 degrees and 5 degrees, 5 degrees and 5.5 degrees, or 5.5 degrees and 6 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 443 can be 2 degrees, 2.5 degrees, 3 degrees, 3.5 degrees, 4 degrees, 4.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 5.5 degrees, or 6 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the first rotational restraint angle is 4 degrees.

[0137] Similar to the embodiments described above, the second rotational restraint angle 444 can range between 12 and 18 degrees. In some embodiments, the second rotational restraint angle 444 can range between 12 and 13 degrees, 13 and 14 degrees, 14 and 15 degrees, 16 and 17 degrees, or 17 and 18 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 444 can be 12 degrees, 12.5 degrees, 13 degrees, 13.5 degrees, 14 degrees, 14.5 degrees, 15 degrees, 15.5 degrees, 16 degrees, 16.5 degrees, 17 degrees, 17.5 degrees, or 18 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the second rotational restraint angle 444 is 16 degrees.

[0138] A central region of arm 417 is configured to be received within void 445 of rotational restraining structure 427. Axle 403 not only extends through the elongated body, but also extends through void 445 and central opening 424 of arm 417, thereby rigidly supporting both the elongated body of the hanger and providing an axis of rotation about which arm 417 rotates. The combination of rotational restraining structure 427 and first rotational restraining projection 441 of arm 417 forms an overlapping structure that surrounds or encircles a portion of the pivot body.

[0139] When truck 400 is in the zero degree reference angle configuration, the overlapping structure is not felt or apparent to the rider, but as arms 417 begin to rotate / pivot and leave the ground, first and second rotation-restricting protrusions can contact pivot body 406 to provide a physical barrier that prevents one or more arms from over-rotating to the point where wheels 404 contact the bottom surface of the skateboard deck (not shown).

[0140] 12 and 13 further illustrate that each of the front and rear openings 423, 425 of the arm 417 is configured to receive an axle. Each axle 403 is configured to hold at least one wheel 404. In the illustrated embodiment, four wheels are coupled to the arm 417 and positioned on each side (i.e., both sides) of the arm 417 at the front and rear openings 423, 425. Accordingly, in terms throughout this specification, the two wheels 404 proximal to the front opening 423 of the arm 417 may be considered to be the leading wheels and / or front wheels. Similarly, in terms throughout this specification, the two wheels 404 proximal to the rear opening 425 of the arm 417 may be considered to be the trailing wheels and / or rear wheels.

[0141] 12 and 13, the track 400 further includes a friction-reducing element 426 configured to be received within each central opening 424 of the arms 417. In this embodiment, the friction-reducing element is constructed from a nylon material and is approximately the same width as the arms 417 and approximately the same diameter as the central openings 424.

[0142] Pivot body 406 and pivot tip 407 form a substantially triangular pivot saddle 405. This type of substantially triangular arrangement extends from first end 430 of elongated body 402 and second end 431 of elongated body 402, and therefore acts as further structural support for elongated body 402. Axle 403 adds further structural support to elongated body 402 because its Young's modulus is greater than that of the hanger's elongated body 402.

[0143] As previously mentioned, the base plate 408 is the component of the truck that couples the elongated body 402, wheels 404, and pivot saddle 405 to the skateboard deck 411. The base plate 408 forms a plurality of bolt receiving ports 409, at least one kingpin receiving port 416, and at least one pivot cup receiving port (not shown). These receiving ports provide receiving geometries for a plurality of bolts, kingpins, and pivot tips of the pivot saddle, respectively, thereby allowing the moving wheel platform or truck to be secured to a given device.

[0144] The aforementioned arrangement of the track components allows an individual riding a skateboard or longboard to ride over cracks in the sidewalk more efficiently because the configuration of the track components allows the wheels coupled to the elongated body of the hanger to suspend over the contraction joint (i.e., prevent the wheels from dropping into the crack as the user travels over the contraction joint). Additionally, this embodiment requires only one arm while still utilizing the rotational restraint structure and rotational restraint protrusion of the arm to prevent one or more wheels from contacting the bottom of the skateboard (i.e., prevent wheel bite).

[0145] Skateboard Trucks IV Figures 14-20 illustrate another embodiment of a mobility wheel platform in accordance with the present invention. The truck described herein comprises an elongated body 502 having a pivot saddle 505 protruding (or extending) therefrom. The elongated body 502 and pivot saddle 505 cooperate to form one or more rotational restraining structures 527 in the form of a void. In many embodiments, only one arm 517 is required to occupy the space formed by the void defined by the one or more rotational restraining structures 527. More specifically, Figures 14-20 illustrate a truck 500 that can be attached to a longboard (or another device). The illustrated truck embodiment of Figures 14-20 is similar to trucks previously described.

[0146] 14-20 illustrate an embodiment of the components described above to form a track 500. In this embodiment, the components of the track 500 include a hanger 501 including an elongated body 502, at least one axle 503, a pivot saddle 505 having a pivot body 506 and a pivot tip 507, a base plate 508, only one arm 517, at least two rotational restraint structures 527, and at least two sets of friction-reducing elements 526.

[0147] The elongated body 502 of this illustrated embodiment is similar to the elongated bodies 102, 202, 302, and 402 of the previous embodiments and is configured to be approximately the width of the skateboard deck 511. As previously mentioned, the width of the elongated body 502 may range between 4 inches and 10 inches. In particular, the width of the elongated body 502 may be 4 inches, 5 inches, 6 inches, 7 inches, 8 inches, 9 inches, or 10 inches. In this example, the width of the elongated body 502 is approximately 7 inches.

[0148] The elongated body 502 defines a bore 529 that extends through both the first end 530 and the second end 531 of the elongated body 502. The bore 529 extends completely through 100% of the width of the elongated body 502. In this particular embodiment, the elongated body is constructed from aluminum 6061 or its cast equivalent, aluminum A356.

[0149] Bore 529 may be configured to rigidly receive one axle 503. Specifically, compared to embodiment I, this embodiment requires only one axle. This not only requires fewer components compared to the previous embodiment, but also allows axle 503 to provide more support to elongated body 502 because more surface area of ​​axle 503 engages with elongated body 502.

[0150] In this exemplary embodiment, the axles 503 are constructed from a metallic material, and more specifically, steel or a steel alloy. The axles 503 have a greater Young's modulus than the hanger's elongated body 502, thereby adding additional structural support to the elongated body 502. The length of the axles 503 will vary based on the width of the elongated body 502. This particular embodiment illustrates an axle width of approximately 8 inches. As described below, each axle is configured to receive at least one wheel 504.

[0151] The elongate body 502 further includes at least two rotational restraining structures 527 in the form of gaps, notches, slots, or slits. The rotational restraining structures 527 are offset and / or spaced apart from the first end 530 and the second end 531 of the elongate body 502. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14-20 , the rotational restraining structures 527 are symmetrically positioned along the width of the elongate body 502. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, each rotational restraining structure 527 is offset approximately 34% from the first end 530 and the second end 531 of the elongate body, respectively. However, in other embodiments, each rotational restraining structure 527 may be offset between 25% and 50% from the first end 530 or the second end 531 of the elongate body 502. For example, in many embodiments, the offset distance between the first end and the rotational restraint structure 527 or the second end and the rotational restraint structure 527 may be 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, or 50%.

[0152] 11, the truck 500 shares a similar hanger design as the hanger 301 of the skateboard of embodiment III and is shown as such. The rotational restraining structure (327, 427,) 527 comprises at least three inner walls (i.e., a first inner wall (337, 437,) 537, a second inner wall (338, 438,) 538, and a third inner wall (339, 439,) 539. The first inner wall is defined as the side wall closest to either the first end (330, 430,) 530 or the second end (331, 431,) 531 of the elongated body (302, 402,) 502. The second inner wall (338, The third inner wall (339, 439, ) 539 shares a common edge with both the first inner wall (337, 437, ) 537 and the second inner wall (339, 439, ) 539. The first inner wall (337, 437, ) 537, the second inner wall (338, 438, ) 538, and the third inner wall (339, 439, ) 539 form voids therebetween.

[0153] The distance between the pair of rotational restraint structures (327, 427) 527 may be referred to as the rotational restraint structure spacing distance (340, 440) 540. The rotational restraint structure spacing distance (340, 440) 540 is defined as the distance measured between the second inner walls (338, 438) 538 of the pair of rotational restraint structures. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotational restraint structure spacing distance (340, 440) 540 is approximately 1.25 inches. However, in alternative embodiments, the rotational restraint structure spacing distance (340, 440) 540 may range between 0.50 inches and 2 inches. In other embodiments, the rotational restraint structure spacing distance (340, 440,) 540 may range between 0.50 inches and 0.75 inches, 0.75 inches and 1.00 inches, 1.00 inches and 1.25 inches, 1.25 inches and 1.50 inches, 1.50 inches and 1.75 inches, or 1.75 inches and 2.00 inches. The rotational restraint structures may be 0.50 inches, 0.75 inches, 1.00 inches, 1.25 inches, 1.50 inches, 1.75 inches, or 2.00 inches.

[0154] 17 illustrates that arm 517 may be defined by a front region 520, a central region 521, and a rear region 522. As previously described, front region 520 is similar to first segment 518, rear region 522 is similar to second segment 519, and central region 521 is between front region 520 and rear region 522. FIG. 12 further illustrates front region 520 forming front opening 523, central region 521 forming central opening 524, and rear region 522 forming rear opening 525. In an exemplary embodiment, front opening 523 and rear opening 525 have diameters that are smaller than the diameter of central opening 524.

[0155] The front region 520 further comprises a first region transition area 546. The rear region 522 comprises a second region transition area 547. The first region transition area 546 is defined as the area or portion where the front region 520 transitions into the central region 521. The second region transition area 547 is defined as the area or portion where the rear region 522 transitions into the central region 521. In the first region transition area 546, the arm 517 remains two segments (to accommodate wheels between the two segments). In the second transition area 547, the arm 517 transitions from one segment to two segments (see FIG. 17 ). As previously mentioned, the rear region of the arm is one segment and is configured with one or more wheels on either side of the segment. In the illustrated embodiment, the front region 520 is a two segment region, the rear region 522 is a one segment region, and the central region between the front region 520 and the rear region 522 is a two segment region.

[0156] In other embodiments, arm 517 may split into three, four, or five segments at first region transition area 546. At region transition area 547, arm 517 may split from one segment to two, three, or four segments.

[0157] Similar to the arms (317, 417) described above, the central region of one or more arms 517 includes a first rotational detent protrusion 541, a second rotational detent protrusion 542, and a central opening 524. The first rotational detent protrusion 541 is closer to the front region 520 than to the rear region 522. The second rotational detent protrusion 542 is closer to the rear region 522 than to the front region 520. A centerline exists between the first rotational detent protrusion 541 and the second rotational detent protrusion 542, and the centerline extends through the center point of the central opening 524.

[0158] A centerline lies between first rotation-reducing protrusion 541 and second rotation-reducing protrusion 542 and extends through the center point of central opening 524. A first rotation-reducing protrusion angle is formed between the centerline and the first rotation-reducing protrusion. A second rotation-reducing protrusion angle is formed between the centerline and the second rotation-reducing protrusion.

[0159] The first rotational restraint angle 543 can range between 2 degrees and 6 degrees. In some embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 543 can range between 2 degrees and 2.5 degrees, 2.5 degrees and 3 degrees, 3 degrees and 3.5 degrees, 3.5 degrees and 4 degrees, 4 degrees and 4.5 degrees, 4.5 degrees and 5 degrees, 5 degrees and 5.5 degrees, or 5.5 degrees and 6 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 543 can be 2 degrees, 2.5 degrees, 3 degrees, 3.5 degrees, 4 degrees, 4.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 5.5 degrees, or 6 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the first rotational restraint angle is 4 degrees.

[0160] The second rotational restraint angle 544 can range between 12 degrees and 18 degrees. In some embodiments, the second rotational restraint angle 544 can range between 12 degrees and 13 degrees, 13 degrees and 14 degrees, 14 degrees and 15 degrees, 16 degrees and 17 degrees, or 17 degrees and 18 degrees. In alternative embodiments, the first rotational restraint angle 544 can be 12 degrees, 12.5 degrees, 13 degrees, 13.5 degrees, 14 degrees, 14.5 degrees, 15 degrees, 15.5 degrees, 16 degrees, 16.5 degrees, 17 degrees, 17.5 degrees, or 18 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the second rotational restraint angle 544 is 16 degrees.

[0161] A central region of the arm 517 may be configured to be received within the void 545 of the rotation-restricting structure 527. The axle 502 not only extends through the elongated body, but also extends through the void 545 and the central opening 524, thereby providing rigid support for both the hanger's elongated body and an axis of rotation about which the arm 517 rotates. The combination of the rotation-restricting structure 527 and the first rotation-restricting protrusion 541 of the arm 517 forms an overlapping structure. When the truck 500 is in the zero-degree reference angle configuration, the overlapping structure is not felt or apparent to the rider; however, as the arm 517 begins to rotate / pivot and lift off the ground, the first and second rotation-restricting protrusions contact the pivot body 506, providing a physical barrier. This physical barrier prevents one or more arms from over-rotating to the point where the wheel 504 contacts the bottom surface of the skateboard deck (not shown).

[0162] 20 further shows that each of the front openings 523 and rear openings 525 of the arm 517 is configured to receive at least one axle 503. Each axle 503 is configured to hold a wheel 504.

[0163] Referring again to FIGS. 14-20 , the embodiment of the track 500 further includes one or more friction-reducing elements 526 configured to be received within the two central openings 524 of the arms 517. In this embodiment, each friction-reducing element is defined by a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions of the friction-reducing element are substantially flange-shaped. The first and second portions of the friction-reducing element share similar elements. Referring to FIG. 19 , the friction-reducing element includes a shoulder portion 548 and a body portion 549. In many embodiments, the body portion 549 is substantially cylindrical and includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The shoulder portion extends radially outward from the outer diameter at one end of the body portion. The first and second portions are mirror images of each other. The first and second friction-reducing elements are press-fit into opposite sides of the central opening 524. This type of structure and arrangement allows for friction-reducing elements to be positioned on opposite sides of the arms 517, beneficially aiding in aligning the central opening relative to the arms 517. This arrangement protects each side of the arm 517 from contacting the inner walls of the rotation restraint structure which minimizes wear due to material abrasion or fatigue stresses.

[0164] 14-20, pivot body 506 and pivot tip 507 form a substantially triangular pivot saddle 505. This type of triangular arrangement extends from first end 530 of elongate body 502 and second end 531 of elongate body 502, thus providing additional structural support to elongate body 502 by allowing stresses on the hanger to be distributed and transferred over a larger area.

[0165] As previously mentioned, base plate 508 is the component of the truck that couples elongated body 502, wheels 504, and pivot saddle 505 to skateboard deck 511. Base plate 508 forms a plurality of bolt receiving ports 509, at least one kingpin receiving port 516, and at least one pivot cup receiving port 515. These receiving ports provide receiving geometries for a plurality of bolts, kingpins, and pivot tips of the pivot saddle, respectively, thereby allowing the moving wheel platform or truck to be secured to a given device.

[0166] The aforementioned arrangement of the track components allows an individual riding a skateboard or longboard to ride over cracks in the sidewalk more efficiently because the configuration of the track components allows the wheels coupled to the elongated body of the hanger to suspend over the contraction joint (i.e., prevent the wheels from dropping into the crack as the user moves over the contraction joint). Additionally, this embodiment requires only one arm while still utilizing the rotation-reducing structure and rotation-reducing protrusion of the arm to prevent one or more wheels from contacting the bottom of the skateboard (i.e., preventing wheel bite). However, an alternative wheel placement configuration is presented.

[0167] Example 1 High-speed motion analysis experiments were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of embodiments of skateboard trucks traveling over approximately 1.125-inch-wide sidewalk contraction joints. Specifically, the embodiments of Figures 8-11 were analyzed. The trucks are configured so that more than one wheel is on the running surface (or ground) at any one time. This is due in part to the arm length and wheel placement. Figure 21 shows a user riding a skateboard approaching a crack (approximately 1.125 inches wide) with at least two wheels, more specifically all four wheels, engaging the running surface. Figure 22 shows the front (or leading) wheel of a skateboard truck descending into the contraction joint with at least two wheels, more specifically three wheels, engaging the running surface. Figure 23 shows the leading wheel ascending from the contraction joint onto an adjacent concrete slab, with two wheels attached to an axle extending through the elongated body suspended above the contraction joint and the rear (or trailing) wheel resting on the opposite concrete slab. While Figure 24 shows the rear wheels (or trailing wheels) entering the contraction joint, as shown in all figures, at least two wheels are always on the sliding surface regardless of how the skateboard truck approaches the contraction joint. This allows one or more wheels to slide over the contraction joint, minimizing wheel-to-contraction joint interaction.

[0168] Example 2 High-speed motion analysis experiments were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of skateboard truck embodiments traveling on uneven, non-smooth, and irregular surfaces. Specifically, the embodiments of Figures 8-11 were analyzed. This study analyzed wheel velocities before and after impact with a momentary 0.5-inch change in running surface (or ground) height. Two versions of Skateboard Truck II were tested. The first version had a standard arm ratio (i.e., the first arm segment and the second arm segment had equal lengths of 3.5 inches). The second version had an increased arm ratio (i.e., the first arm segment was approximately 5 inches and the second arm segment was approximately 3.5 inches). Each version of the skateboard truck was analyzed with all wheels having a diameter of either 69 mm or 75 mm. It was found that (1) the wheel velocity at the standard arm ratio with a 69 mm wheel diameter decreased by approximately 28% after impact with an instantaneous height change, (2) the wheel velocity at the standard arm ratio with a 75 mm wheel diameter decreased by approximately 27.5% after impact with an instantaneous height change, (3) the wheel velocity at the increased arm ratio with a 69 mm wheel diameter decreased by approximately 28.8% after impact with an instantaneous height change, and (4) the wheel velocity at the increased arm ratio with a 75 mm wheel diameter decreased by approximately 30.5% after impact with an instantaneous height change. Thus, both the arm length (more specifically, the lengths of the first and second segments) and the wheel diameter affect the wheel velocity after impact on a non-flat, non-smooth, and / or uneven surface.

[0169] Various features and advantages of the disclosure are described in the following paragraphs. Clause 1. A truck comprising a hanger having a cylindrical body, a pivot saddle, and at least two rotation restraint structures, the cylindrical body surrounding a bore or void, the pivot saddle further comprising a pivot tip and a pivot body surrounding an opening, the hanger; an axle received within the bore or void of the cylindrical body of the hanger; and an assembly comprising a first arm, a second arm, a first auxiliary wheel, and a second auxiliary wheel, the first arm and the second arm being pivoted to the hanger; the arms have a front region, a central region, and a rear region, the front region forming a front opening, the central region forming a central opening, and the rear region forming a rear opening, the two rotation suppression structures are adjacent to the pivot saddle body and on either side of the pivot saddle body and spaced apart from the cylindrical body, the two rotation suppression structures are coplanar with each other, and the central regions of the first arm and the second arm are located within the space between the rotation suppression structures and the cylindrical body,

[0170] Clause 2. The track described in Clause 1, wherein the first arm and the second arm have a first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end are substantially planar with respect to each other or form an angle of 178 degrees to 180 degrees with respect to each other.

[0171] Clause 3. The truck described in Clause 1, wherein the first arm and the second arm have a first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end form an angle of 178 degrees to 180 degrees.

[0172] Clause 4. The truck of clause 1, wherein said truck is located on the nose of the skateboard.

[0173] Clause 5. The truck of clause 4, wherein said truck is located on the tail of the skateboard.

[0174] Clause 6. The truck of clause 1, wherein a third wheel and a fourth wheel are coupled to the axle.

[0175] Clause 7. The truck of clause 1, wherein the first wheel, the second wheel, the third wheel, and the fourth wheel are in a diamond-shaped configuration.

[0176] Clause 8. The track of clause 2, wherein the first ends of the first and second arms have a length that is shorter than the second ends of the first and second arms.

[0177] Clause 9. The truck of clause 6, wherein the first wheel, the second wheel, the third wheel, and the fourth wheel are of the same diameter.

[0178] Clause 10. The track of clause 1, wherein the rotation restraining structure defines a predetermined range of movement.

[0179] Clause 11. The truck of clause 10, wherein the predetermined range of movement is 0 degrees to 35 degrees.

[0180] Clause 12. The truck of clause 1, wherein the rotation restraint structure is non-circular or non-elliptical and the length of the rotation restraint structure is between 2 and 2.5 inches.

[0181] Clause 13. The truck of clause 12, wherein the width of the rotation restraining structure is between 0.125 and 0.375 inches.

[0182] Clause 14. The truck of clause 1, further comprising one or more flange bearings housed within the central openings of the first and second arms to reduce frictional forces between the cylindrical body of the hanger and the first and second arms.

[0183] Clause 15. The truck of clause 14, wherein the flange bearing is constructed from a nylon material.

[0184] Clause 16. The truck of clause 3, wherein the truck is in a reverse kingpin configuration.

[0185] Clause 17. The truck of clause 1, wherein the front opening, the central opening, and the rear opening are circular.

[0186] Clause 18. The truck of clause 1, wherein the rotation restraining structure is solid.

[0187] Clause 19. The truck of clause 1, wherein the rotation restraining structure is hollow.

[0188] Clause 20. The truck of clause 6, wherein the diameters of the first wheel, the second wheel, the third wheel, and the fourth wheel are between 3 and 6 inches.

Claims

1. A truck, a hanger comprising an elongated body having a first end and a second end distal to the first end, a void formed in the first end, and a pivot saddle, the elongated body surrounding the void at the first end, the pivot saddle further comprising a pivot tip and a pivot body surrounding an opening; an axle coupled to the hanger and received within the void; a central wheel fixed to the axle; an arm rotatably coupled to the elongate body, the arm having a front region forming a front opening, a central region forming a central opening, and a rear region forming a rear opening, the axle extending through the central opening of the arm, the axle providing an axis of rotation for the arm; a front axle received by the front opening; a front wheel coupled to the front axle; a rear axle received by the rear opening; a rear wheel coupled to the rear axle; It is equipped with the hanger defines a rotational restraining structure that projects toward the first end of the elongate body; the rotation restraining structure restrains rotation of the arm by forming a mechanical stop when the arm contacts the rotation restraining structure. track.

2. The truck of claim 1 , wherein the arm comprises a first segment and a second segment, the first segment and the second segment being substantially coplanar with one another.

3. 3. The truck of claim 1 or 2, wherein the truck is on the nose of a skateboard.

4. 3. The truck of claim 1 or 2, wherein the truck is on the tail of a skateboard.

5. A truck according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the central wheel, the front wheels and the rear wheels are of the same diameter.

6. The truck of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rotation restraining structure defines a predetermined range of rotational movement of the arm.

7. 7. The truck of claim 6, wherein the predetermined range of rotational movement is between 0 degrees and 35 degrees.

8. 8. The track of claim 1, further comprising one or more flange bearings housed within the central opening of the arm to reduce frictional forces between the elongated body of the hanger and the arm.

9. The truck of claim 8 , wherein the one or more flange bearings are constructed from a nylon material.

10. The truck of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the truck is in a reverse kingpin configuration.

11. The truck of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the front opening, the central opening, and the rear opening are circular.

12. A truck according to any preceding claim, wherein the rotation restraining structure is solid.

13. The truck according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the rotation suppression structure is hollow.

14. 6. The truck of claim 5, wherein the diameters of the central wheel, the front wheels, and the rear wheels are between 2.7 and 4 inches.

15. A truck, a hanger comprising an elongated body having a first end and a second end distal to the first end, a void formed in the first end, and a pivot saddle, the elongated body surrounding the void at the first end, the pivot saddle further comprising a pivot tip and a pivot body surrounding an opening; an axle coupled to the hanger and received within the void; a central wheel fixed to the axle; an arm rotatably coupled to the elongate body, the arm having a front region forming a front opening, a central region forming a central opening, and a rear region forming a rear opening, the axle extending through the central opening of the arm, the axle providing an axis of rotation for the arm; a front axle received by the front opening; a front wheel coupled to the front axle; a rear axle received by the rear opening; a rear wheel coupled to the rear axle; It is equipped with the elongate body defines a rotational restraining structure in the form of a notch; the arm includes a rotation restraining protrusion configured to be received within the notch of the rotation restraining structure; track.

16. The truck of claim 15 , wherein the hanger is configured to be coupled to a bottom surface of a skateboard deck.

17. 17. The truck of claim 16, wherein rotation of the arm decreases the vertical distance between one of the front wheel and the rear wheel and the bottom surface of the skateboard deck.

18. 18. The truck of claim 16 or 17, wherein the rotation restraining structure prevents the front and rear wheels from contacting the bottom surface of the skateboard deck.

19. The truck of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the rotation restraining structure defines a predetermined range of rotational movement for the arm.

20. 20. The truck of claim 19, wherein the predetermined range of rotational movement is between 0 degrees and 35 degrees.

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