Method, system, and apparatus for transmitting uplink control information

Abstract

To transmit Hybrid Automatic Retransmission Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement or Negative Acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) information using a sequence.SOLUTION: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to transmit uplink control information such as HARQ ACK / NACK using a sequence. The HARQ ACK / NACK may comprise one bit or two bits of information, and the WTRU may use a cyclic shift of the sequence to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK. The WTRU may use different cyclic shifts of the sequence to transmit different HARQ ACK / NACK values and the cyclic shifts may be separated from each other in a manner to facilitate the transmissions. The WTRU may be further configured to receive, from a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), an indication of a resource block for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 500,772, filed May 3, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 564,755, filed September 28, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. [Background technology]

[0002] The uplink control information may be transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). The PUCCH may be transmitted using a short or long duration. The UCI information may include a scheduling request (SR), which may be used to request radio resources. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor configured to transmit a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) using the sequence. The processor may be further configured to determine whether the HARQ ACK / NACK includes one bit of information or two bits of information. If the determination is that the HARQ ACK / NACK includes one bit of information, the processor may be configured to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK using one of a first cyclic shift of the sequence or a second cyclic shift of the sequence. The first cyclic shift may correspond to a first one-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value, and the second cyclic shift may correspond to a second one-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value. The first and second cyclic shifts may differ from each other by half the length of the sequence (e.g., by half the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence).

[0004] If the determination is that the HARQ ACK / NACK includes two bits of information, the processor of the WTRU may be configured to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK using one of four cyclic shifts of the sequence, where each of the four cyclic shifts may correspond to a respective two-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value, and the four cyclic shifts may differ from one another by at least one-quarter of the length of the sequence (e.g., by one-quarter of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence).

[0005] The sequences described herein may have a length of 12 (e.g., there may be 12 cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). In an example (e.g., where the HARQ ACK / NACK includes 1 bit of information), the WTRU may transmit a first 1-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value using a first cyclic shift of 3 and a second 1-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value using a second cyclic shift of 9. In an example (e.g., where the HARQ ACK / NACK includes 2 bits of information), the WTRU may transmit a 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value of (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), or (1,1) using cyclic shifts 1, 4, 7, and 10, respectively, where the four cyclic shifts may differ from each other by one-quarter of the length of the sequence.

[0006] The WTRU may receive a configuration from a network entity and, based on the configuration, determine which cyclic shift of the sequence to use to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK. The WTRU may receive an indication of the resource blocks for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK from a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The WTRU may send a positive scheduling request (SR) along with the HARQ ACK / NACK. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed examples may be implemented. [Figure 1B] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an example. [Figure 1C] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an example. [Figure 1D] FIG. 1B is a system diagram illustrating a further exemplary RAN and a further exemplary CN that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A, according to an example. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 illustrates a 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK and / or scheduling request (SR) transmission using four cyclic shifts of the sequence. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 illustrates a 1-bit ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission using two cyclic shifts of the sequence. [Figure 4A] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary PUCCH region. [Figure 4B] 1 shows an example of a WTRU sending ACK / NACK for one or more transport blocks. [Figure 4C] FIG. 1 shows an example of two WTRUs sending ACK / NACK for one or more transport blocks. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 illustrates an ACK / NACK or SR transmission using frequency-shifted reference symbols or reference signals (RS). [Figure 6] A diagram showing ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission using a time domain cover code on the RS. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 illustrates ACK / NACK and / or SR transmissions using different cyclic time shifts for RS. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates SR transmission using RS on / off keying. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates SR transmission using RS with waveform coding. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates frequency division multiplexing of UCI and SR. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates SR transmission by a UCI and one or more WTRUs. [Figure 12] 10 illustrates UCI and / or SR transmission by one or more WTRUs. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 illustrates low PAPR transmission for UCI and SR. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 illustrates low PAPR transmission for UCI and SR. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 illustrates low PAPR transmission for UCI and SR. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] A detailed description of exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to various figures. While this description provides detailed examples of possible implementations, it should be noted that the details are illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way.

[0009] 1A illustrates an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasts, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0010] 1A, communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RANs 104 / 113, CNs 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptop computers, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspot or Mi-Fi devices, IoT devices, watches or other wearable head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a UE.

[0011] The communications system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communications networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. For example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNodeB, a Home Node B, a Home eNodeB, a gNB, an NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, etc. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0012] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for wireless services to a particular geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a may employ MIMO technology and utilize multiple transceivers per sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0013] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over the air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0014] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple-access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in the RAN 104 / 113 may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communications protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0015] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0016] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0017] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement both LTE and NR radio access, e.g., using a dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0018] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0019] 1A may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point and may use any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity within a local area such as a business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a picocell or a femtocell utilizing a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.). As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0020] The RAN 104 / 113 may communicate with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or VoIP services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as various throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location services, prepaid telephony, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A , it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs employing the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0021] The CN 106 / 115 may serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as TCP, UDP, and / or IP in the TCP / IP Internet Protocol Suite. The network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0022] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links.) For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based wireless technology, and a base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0023] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a GPS chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0024] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0025] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR signals, UV signals, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0026] 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0027] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as, for example, NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0028] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. The processor 118 may also access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include RAM, ROM, a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a SIM card, a memory stick, an SD memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as memory on a server or home computer (not shown).

[0029] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to other components within the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0030] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0031] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired and / or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0032] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio in which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and the downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and substantially eliminating self-interference either through hardware (e.g., chokes) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0033] 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to one embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0034] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with one embodiment. The eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNodeB 160a may use multiple antennas, for example, to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0035] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0036] 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0037] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during initial attachment of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0038] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during handovers between eNodeBs, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc.

[0039] The SGW 164 may be connected to a PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0040] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. The CN 106 may also provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0041] Although the WTRU is described in Figures 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may use a wired communication interface (e.g., temporarily or permanently) with the communication network.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0043] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access to or interface with a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to a STA originating outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA and destined for a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP for delivery to the respective destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be sent, for example, through the AP, where a source STA can send traffic to the AP and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be sent (e.g., directly) between a source STA and a destination STA via direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (e.g., all of the STAs) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication is sometimes referred to herein as an "ad hoc" mode of communication.

[0044] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, an AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a wide bandwidth of 20 MHz) or may be dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. With CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., all STAs), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be in use by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) transmits in a given BSS at any given time.

[0045] A high-throughput (HT) STA may, for example, use a 40 MHz wideband channel for communication via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wideband channel.

[0046] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wideband channels. A 40 MHz channel and / or an 80 MHz channel may be formed by combining adjacent 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining eight adjacent 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-adjacent 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel encoding, the data may be passed through a segment parser that may split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing may be performed separately on each stream. The streams may be mapped onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0047] Sub-1 GHz operating modes are supported in 802.11af and 802.11ah. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine-Type Communications (MTC) devices, such as MTC devices, in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have limited capabilities, including, for example, support for a certain bandwidth and / or limited bandwidth (e.g., only support for a certain bandwidth and / or limited bandwidth). An MTC device may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (eg, to maintain a very long battery life).

[0048] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and multiple channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel that can be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide for a STA (e.g., an MTC-type device) that supports 1 MHz mode (e.g., only supports 1 MHz mode), even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting can depend on the condition of the primary channel. If the primary channel is in use, for example due to a STA (that only supports a 1 MHz mode of operation) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered in use, even though most of the frequency band may remain idle and available for use.

[0049] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0050] 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to one embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also communicate with the CN 115.

[0051] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with one embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNB 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas, for example, to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or 180c).

[0052] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including various numbers of OFDM symbols and / or various absolute time durations).

[0053] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing another RAN (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in unlicensed bands. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as an eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0054] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with each other over an Xn interface.

[0055] 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0056] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine-type communication (MTC) access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0057] The SMFs 183a and 183b may be connected to the AMFs 182a and 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b may also be connected to the UPFs 184a and 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b may select and control the UPFs 184a and 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPFs 184a and 184b. The SMFs 183a and 183b may perform other functions such as managing and assigning UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0058] The UPFs 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110 to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPFs 184, 184b may perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0059] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. The CN 115 may also provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0060] 1A-1D and the corresponding description thereof, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNodeBs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network functions and / or WTRU functions.

[0061] The emulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, or all functions, while fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices in the communication network. One or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, or all functions, while temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may perform testing using over-the-air (OTA) wireless communication.

[0062] The one or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, including full functionality, while not implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a test lab and / or in a test scenario within an undeployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (which may include, for example, one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0063] A method, apparatus, and system may be provided for scheduling transmissions (e.g., requests) in the uplink. A sequence (e.g., for performing the transmission) may be determined. A cyclic shift of the sequence may be determined for a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). An acknowledgment / negative acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) may be signaled, for example, via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and / or using the cyclic shift.

[0064] In a wireless communication system, uplink control information (UCI) may include control and / or status information indicators that may facilitate transmission procedures at the physical layer. For example, UCI may include a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) that may be used to indicate whether a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) has been received. UCI may also include a channel quality indicator (CQI), which may serve as a measure of the communication quality of a wireless channel. The CQI for a given channel may depend on the type of modulation scheme used by the communication system.

[0065] The UCI may include a Scheduling Request (SR), which may serve to request radio transmission resources for an upcoming downlink or uplink transmission. The UCI may include a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and / or a rank indicator (RI) for the downlink or uplink transmission. The PMI may be used to facilitate communication on multiple data streams and signal interpretation at the physical layer, for example, by indicating a specified precoding matrix. The RI may indicate the number of layers that can be used for spatial multiplexing in a communication system, or the RI may indicate the maximum number of such layers. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), which may be a user equipment (UE), may transmit the UCI to a network (e.g., a network entity such as a base station) to provide information to the physical layer that facilitates wireless communication.

[0066] In New Radio (NR), UCI may be transmitted on the Physical UL Control Channel (PUCCH). The PUCCH may be transmitted in a short period (e.g., one or two OFDM symbols) around the UL symbol transmitted at the end of the slot. The PUCCH may also be transmitted in a long period spanning multiple UL symbols (e.g., more than two OFDM symbols), which may improve coverage. The UL control channel may be frequency-division multiplexed with the UL data channel within the slot. The WTRU may be assigned PUCCH resources for UCI transmission, where the PUCCH resources may include time, frequency, and, if applicable, code domains.

[0067] In NR, a mechanism may be provided for efficient UL control information transmission in PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH having a duration of one or two symbols). Efficient UL control information transmission may involve a trade-off between user multiplexing capacity and block error ratio (BLER) performance. When there are multiple (e.g., two) lengths for PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH having a duration of one symbol or two symbols), methods and apparatuses may be provided for multiplexing different categories of UCI (e.g., SR, ACK / NACK, etc.) and / or reference symbols or signals (RS). In the case of SR transmission, interference may be avoided while increasing user multiplexing capacity.

[0068] The PUCCH is a physical uplink control channel that may carry Hybrid ARQ Acknowledgements (HARQ ACKs) or Negative Acknowledgements (HARQ NACKs), Channel State Information (CSI) reports (which may include beamforming information, for example), and / or Scheduling Requests (SRs). An Uplink Control Resource Set (UCRS) may include one or more Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) in the frequency domain and may span one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the time domain. The PUCCH may be transmitted on one or more UCRSs. Uplink Control Information (UCI) may include a set of control information bits transmitted by the WTRU to the gNB in ​​the uplink.

[0069] A Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation (CAZAC) sequence may be a periodic complex-valued sequence with constant amplitude and zero out-of-phase periodic (cyclic) autocorrelation. Pulse-position modulation (PPM) may be a form of coding in which message bits may be encoded by the position of the transmitted pulse. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) may be the square of the peak amplitude divided by the average power or the peak power divided by the average power.

[0070] ACK / NACK (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) and / or SR transmission on PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH having a duration of one or two symbols) may be provided. A sequence-based PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH) may be provided (e.g., UCI may be transmitted on the PUCCH using a sequence). For uplink control transmission, the WTRU may transmit uplink control information (UCI) in a PUCCH having a certain duration (e.g., a short duration of one or two symbols). The WTRU may modulate UCI information symbols such as ACK / NACK, SR, etc. using a sequence. The sequence may be a Zadoff-CHU (ZC) sequence, a CAZAC sequence, and / or the like (e.g., another suitable computer-generated sequence or CGS). The UCI information symbol may include a 1-bit BPSK or a 2-bit QPSK symbol. Different cyclic shifts (e.g., cyclic time shifts) of a sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) may be used to signal (e.g., transmit) UCI ​​(e.g., one or two bits of UCI information). Examples of these scenarios are disclosed herein.

[0071] FIG. 2 shows an example diagram using four cyclic shifts of a sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) for signaling two bits of acknowledgment / negative acknowledgment (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) or one bit of ACK / NACK and one bit of SR. For example, FIG. 2 may show how a WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the same base CAZAC sequence for signaling two bits of acknowledgment / negative acknowledgment (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) or one bit of ACK / NACK and one bit of SR, as shown in Table 1. As shown in FIG. 2, there may be 12 possible cyclic shifts (e.g., based on a length-12 sequence). The cyclic shifts may be configured for different WTRUs that may be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) resource. The different sequences may be separable at the receiver in the presence of a frequency-selective channel, for example, by spacing cyclic shifts that may be assigned to the same user far apart from each other (e.g., furthest from each other). For example, cyclic shifts that may have large circular separations (e.g., as large as possible) may be assigned to the same user. This may improve, for example, the error rate of ACK / NACK detection for the user. When multiple SR bits may be transmitted, multiple ACK / NACK bits may be applied to the multiple SR bits.

[0072] [Table 1]

[0073] As shown in Table 1, the WTRU may determine that it has 2 bits of HARQ ACK / NACK or 1 bit of HARQ ACK / NACK and 1 bit of SR to transmit. The WTRU may further determine that the sequence that may be used to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR has a length of 12 (e.g., there may be a total of 12 cyclic shifts available to the WTRU for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR). The WTRU may select different cyclic shifts of the sequence for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR based on the values ​​of the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. The WTRU may select the cyclic shifts such that the cyclic shifts differ from each other to the greatest extent possible (e.g., by at least one-quarter of the length of the sequence or one-quarter of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). For example, if the sequence has a length of 12, the WTRU may transmit 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK values ​​of (0,0), (1,0), (1,1), and (0,1) using cyclic shifts 1, 4, 7, and 10, respectively. The WTRU may receive a configuration from a network entity regarding which cyclic shift should be used to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. Different WTRUs may transmit HARQ ACK / ACK using different cyclic shifts, e.g., to reduce the possibility of interference between WTRUs. For example, a first WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shifts (1, 4, 7, 10) to transmit four 2-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values, respectively, while a second WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shifts (2, 5, 8, 11) to transmit four 2-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values. In an example (eg, when a common sequence of length 12 is used), three WTRUs (eg, users) may be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resource.

[0074] FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram illustrating one-bit ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission using two cyclic shifts of the sequence. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the WTRU may employ two cyclic shifts of the CAZAC sequence to signal one bit of a positive / negative acknowledgment (e.g., a HARQ ACK / NACK) or SR, as shown in Table 2A. A cyclic shift with a large circular separation may be used for a user, for example, to increase the probability of detection at the receiver. For example, a cyclic shift with the largest possible circular separation may be used for the same user to maximize the probability of detection at the receiver. If the HARQ ACK / NACK contains one bit of information, the two cyclic shifts of the sequence may be separated by half the length of the sequence (e.g., half the total number of available cyclic shifts in the allocated RB that may contain the PUCCH). If 12 cyclic shifts are available within a PRB, up to six users may be supported in a PUCCH that spans one PRB (e.g., a short PUCCH). Up to 12 users may be supported in a PUCCH that spans two PRBs (e.g., a short PUCCH). In cases where there may be no DTX signaling, a NACK may be interpreted as DTX.

[0075] [Table 2]

[0076] As shown in Table 2A, the WTRU may determine that it has 1 HARQ ACK / NACK or 1 SR bit to transmit. The WTRU may further determine that a sequence that may be used to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR has a length of 12 (e.g., there may be a total of 12 cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). The WTRU may select a different cyclic shift for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR based on the value of the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. The WTRU may select the cyclic shifts such that the cyclic shifts differ from each other to the greatest extent possible (e.g., by half the length of the sequence or half the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). For example, if there are 12 available cyclic shifts, the WTRU may transmit the HARQ NACK and HARQ ACK using cyclic shifts 1 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 9, and / or the like, respectively. A WTRU may receive configuration from a network entity regarding which cyclic shift should be used to transmit HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. Different WTRUs may transmit HARQ ACK / ACK using different cyclic shifts, e.g., to reduce the possibility of interference between WTRUs. For example, a first WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shift (1,7) to transmit two 1-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values, while a second WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shift (2,8) to transmit two 1-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values. In an example (e.g., when a common sequence of length 12 is used), six WTRUs (e.g., users) may be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resource.

[0077] For SR transmission, the WTRU may transmit a request for an UL allocation using a cyclic shift of the sequence and may refrain from transmitting on the assigned sequence (e.g., transmit nothing) if it does not request an UL allocation. By refraining from transmitting (e.g., transmit nothing) in the absence of a request for UL scheduling, the WTRU may avoid causing interference to other users in the system. This approach may increase the number of users that can be multiplexed onto RBs for SR transmission on the PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). For example, 12 users may be multiplexed, depending on the frequency selectivity of the channel.

[0078] If the uplink channel (e.g., PUCCH) is highly frequency selective, the scheduler may avoid assigning adjacent cyclic shifts to different users. For example, in the scenario illustrated in Figure 3, odd cyclic shifts may be assigned and even cyclic shifts may not be used, or vice versa. The number of users that can be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resource may be reduced by half.

[0079] The number of HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR resources corresponding to the cyclic shifts that can be supported in the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) is

[0080]

number

[0081] Depending on the frequency selectivity of the channel, some of the cyclic shifts may be expressed as, for example, the parameter

[0082]

number

[0083] The resources can then be excluded from the pool using a subset restriction that can be realized by

[0084]

number

[0085] where:

[0086]

number

[0087] may be the number of RBs that may contain PUCCH.

[0088] In the example shown in FIG.

[0089]

number

[0090] and

[0091]

number

[0092] may be equal to 1, which means that

[0093]

number

[0094] This can result in:

[0095]

number

[0096] may suggest that cyclic shifts may be used in the system and that there may be no subset restriction.

[0097] The WTRU receives the PUCCH parameters (e.g.,

[0098]

number

[0099] From the PUCCH index (e.g., a short PUCCH index such as , the WTRU may derive the resources (e.g., cyclic time shift of the sequence) on which it may transmit the ACK / NACK and / or SR. The PUCCH parameters may be received from a higher layer (e.g., from a network entity) or may be received as part of downlink control information (e.g., in the NR-PDCCH). This resource index may indicate at least one (e.g., both) of a PUCCH region across bandwidth or a cyclic shift that may be assigned to the WTRU for UL signaling. The PUCCH region may consist of an allocation for PUCCH transmission, such as a minimum allocation for PUCCH transmission in terms of the number of RBs. The WTRU may use the index

[0100]

number

[0101] The PUCCH region X used for UL signaling is m may be derived as a set of RBs, where m represents an index to a PUCCH region within the overall PUCCH resource pool, and may be derived as shown below:

[0102]

number

[0103] However, N RB may be the RB index where the PUCCH region starts.

[0104] 4A may show example regions for a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH having a duration of one or two symbols) for various values ​​of m. For example, FIG. 4A may show three PUCCH regions that may span two RBs. In an example (e.g., where multiple PUCCHs may be time division multiplexed (TDM) in a slot), the WTRU may derive the assigned PUCCH region in the time domain in terms of a set of OFDM symbol indices within a slot in addition to deriving the PUCCH region in the frequency domain in terms of a set of RB indices.

[0105] WTRU is

[0106]

number

[0107] The WTRU may derive assigned combinations of two cyclic shifts for 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX and / or SR transmissions in the PUCCH region Xm that it may have identified according to:

[0108] For 2-bit UCI signaling, the WTRU:

[0109]

number

[0110] The WTRU may derive assigned combinations of four cyclic shifts for 2-bit ACK / NACK and / or SR transmissions in the PUCCH region Xm that it may have identified according to:

[0111] The WTRU receives the PUCCH parameters (e.g., index

[0112]

number

[0113] ), the network (e.g., gNB) may ensure that the set resulting from the cyclic shift does not overlap with a set that may be assigned to another WTRU.

[0114] ACK / NACK / SR multiplexing on a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH with one symbol period) may be used. The WTRU may send a HARQ acknowledgment / HARQ negative acknowledgment (e.g., HARQ-ACK or HARQ-NACK) and / or a scheduling request (SR) on a pre-configured PUCCH resource (e.g., a short PUCCH). The decision on how to send a HARQ acknowledgment may take into account how efficiently and robustly to allocate cyclic shifts of a base sequence to HARQ-ACK, HARQ-NACK, and / or SR. For simplicity of notation, ACK / NACK is used herein to include HARQ-ACK / HARQ-NACK unless otherwise stated or indicated by context. SR, positive SR, and SR=1 are used interchangeably. No SR, negative SR, and SR=0 are used interchangeably.

[0115] A WTRU may employ two cyclic shifts of a basic computer-generated sequence (CGS) to indicate an ACK / NACK on a first configured (e.g., pre-configured) RB (e.g., when the WTRU does not have a scheduling request). If the WTRU has a scheduling request (e.g., only when the WTRU has a scheduling request), the WTRU may employ one cyclic shift of the basic CGS on a second configured RB. For example, a WTRU from a first set of WTRUs may employ a pair of cyclic shifts of the basic CGS on the first RB to send an ACK / NACK, and a WTRU from a second set of WTRUs may employ a pair of cyclic shifts of the same or a different basic CGS on the second RB to send the ACK / NACK. If the WTRU has a scheduling request (e.g., only when the WTRU has a scheduling request), a WTRU from either the first or second set of WTRUs may employ a cyclic shift of the same or a different basic CGS on a third RB. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request, the WTRU may not be allowed to transmit on the third RB (e.g., the WTRU may not be allowed to send anything) and / or may increase its transmit power on the first or second RB (e.g., by 3 dB) (e.g., so that its total transmit power is less than or equal to the situation where the WTRU transmits its associated cyclic shift sequence on the first (or second RB) and third RB).

[0116] The SR indication may be provided implicitly, in which case the WTRU may employ two cyclic shifts of the basic CGS (e.g., to indicate an ACK / NACK on one of the two configured RBs). The RB the WTRU uses to place the sequence may be one of the two configured RBs. For example, if the first RB is used, the WTRU may indicate that there is no scheduling request (e.g., SR=0), and if the second RB is used, the WTRU may indicate that there is a scheduling request (e.g., SR=1). The indication for the scheduling request may be implicit. There may be an ACK / NACK per block, and the WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the basic CGS to indicate an ACK / NACK on one of the two configured RBs (e.g., the WTRU may send a HARQ-ACK / NACK for two transport blocks). Each of the four sequences may indicate (ACK, ACK), (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK). The following description may be applicable at least to the case where the WTRU sends ACK / NACK for one or two transport blocks.

[0117] 4B shows an example of a WTRU sending ACK / NACK for one or more transport blocks. In this example, if the WTRU does not have a scheduling request, the WTRU may place a first one of its pre-assigned sequences in a first RB, and if the WTRU has a scheduling request, the WTRU may place a second one of its pre-assigned sequences in a second RB.

[0118] The a priori known RBs that the WTRU may employ to place the sequence (e.g., either of two cyclic shift sequences) may be communicated to the WTRU in one or more of the following ways: The WTRU may receive two identifiers from the network (e.g., gNB), where each identifier may uniquely identify the location of an RB (e.g., time and subcarrier index). The WTRU may receive one identifier that identifies the location of the first RB. The WTRU may determine the location of the second RB from the location of the first RB using a certain pattern (e.g., a known pattern or a preconfigured pattern). For example, the location of the second RB may be a neighboring RB in a nearby RB allocation, or the location of the second RB may be an RB with a known (e.g., preconfigured) shift in time and / or subcarrier space (e.g., a non-adjacent RB). The shift in the subcarrier domain (e.g., frequency) can be greater than a threshold (e.g., a preconfigured number) to have uncorrelated or less correlated frequency responses between the first and second RBs.

[0119] In the case of implicit SR indication, the selection of the first RB and the second RB may not be the same across multiple (e.g., all) WTRUs. For example, WTRUs whose cyclic shift sequences are derived from the same base sequence may be grouped to operate on the same pair of RBs. A subset of the available cyclic shifts of the base sequence may be assigned to a group of WTRUs. For example, if the base sequence is of length 12, 12 cyclic shift sequences (including 0 cyclic shift) may be derived, and each pair of cyclic shifts may be assigned to one WTRU in a group of six WTRUs. For example, one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs from a group of WTRUs may use the second RB to send an ACK / NACK if the one or more WTRUs have a scheduling request, otherwise they may use the first RB. In another example, a first portion of a group of WTRUs may use the second RB to send an ACK / NACK if the first portion of the WTRUs have a scheduling request, otherwise they may use the first RB. A second portion of the WTRUs (e.g., the remaining portion of the WTRUs) may use the first RB to send an ACK / NACK if the second portion of the WTRUs have a scheduling request, and may use the second RB otherwise. For example, the portion shown above may be half of the group of WTRUs (e.g., three out of six WTRUs) or one-third (e.g., two out of six WTRUs). The allocation of the first and second RBs to some of the group of WTRUs may vary (e.g., depending on which slot the RB belongs to).

[0120] 4C illustrates an example of two WTRUs sending ACK / NACKs for one or more transport blocks. In this example, a first WTRU (e.g., WTRU1) may place a first one of its assigned (e.g., pre-configured) sequences in a first RB if the first WTRU does not have a scheduling request, and may place a second one of its assigned sequences in a second RB if the first WTRU has a scheduling request. A second WTRU (e.g., WTRU2) may place a first one of its assigned sequences in a first RB if the second WTRU has a scheduling request, and may place a second one of its assigned sequences in a second RB if the second WTRU does not have a scheduling request.

[0121] The SR indication may be provided explicitly, in which case the WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the same basic computer-generated sequence (CGS) to indicate ACK / NACK and may have one or more restrictions on the sequence allocation. One or more of the four sequences (e.g., each of the four sequences) may be used to indicate ACK or NACK. Depending on whether there is a scheduling request, one of the four sequences (e.g., only one) may be transmitted. A sequence may be assigned to indicate one of the following four cases: (ACK, SR=0), (NACK, SR=0), (ACK, SR=1), or (NACK, SR=1). A cyclic shift of the basic sequence may be assigned for each of the four cases according to design criteria.

[0122] The criteria may be to minimize potential interference (e.g., due to channel impairments while decoding the sequences) between WTRUs (e.g., whose cyclic shift sequences may be adjacent to each other). For example, consider four cyclic shifts of a base sequence: 1, 2, 3, and 4. When determining which cyclic shift to use, one or more of the following factors may be taken into consideration: First, the amount of UL traffic may be less than the downlink traffic (e.g., by multiple folds). This may indicate that the probability of SR=1 (e.g., having UL traffic) may be less than the probability of SR=0 (e.g., by multiple folds). Second, adjacent cyclic shift sequences may have more interference with each other (e.g., due to channel impairments). The following allocation may be used:

[0123]

number

[0124]

number

[0125]

number

[0126] and

[0127]

number

[0128] However, CS can indicate a cyclic shift from the base sequence,

[0129]

number

[0130] For example, in the case of negligible frequency selectivity,

[0131]

number

[0132] and CS=0, 1, 2, 3 may be used. For moderate frequency selectivity,

[0133]

number

[0134] and CS=0, 2, 4, 6 may be used. If SR=1 has a much smaller probability than SR=0, two WTRUs will have groups of their sequences adjacent to each other (e.g., when sending their sequences in the same RB), and the WTRUs will be less likely to send two sequences with adjacent cyclic shifts. The likelihood of WTRUs interfering with each other may also be less (e.g., when the gNB decodes the WTRUs' corresponding sequences).

[0135] The following mapping of cyclic shifts of the base sequence for WTRU1 and WTRU2 may be used:

[0136] WTRU1:

[0137]

number

[0138]

number

[0139]

number

[0140] and

[0141]

number

[0142] WTRU2:

[0143]

number

[0144]

number

[0145]

number

[0146] and

[0147]

number

[0148] The cyclic shift may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shift with the base sequence. Considering that SR=0 has a higher probability than SR=1 (e.g., by multiple folds), WTRU1

[0149]

number

[0150] or

[0151]

number

[0152] (e.g., in most cases), and WTRU2

[0153]

number

[0154] or

[0155]

number

[0156] (e.g., in most cases), which may result in less interference between the sequences because the cyclic shifts of the received sequences are not adjacent and are far apart. If one of the WTRUs has SR=1, the cyclic shifts of the received sequences may not be adjacent. If both WTRUs have SR=1, there may be adjacent cyclic shifts of the received sequences. Selecting the cyclic shift assignment may result in robust indication of ACK / NACK and SR.

[0157] The criteria may minimize potential interference due to channel imperfections while decoding sequences (e.g., within multiple cyclic shift sequences of the same WTRU). For example, consider four cyclic shifts of a base sequence: 1, 2, 3, and 4. Because adjacent cyclic shifts of a sequence may have more interference with each other (e.g., due to channel imperfections), the following allocation may be used:

[0158]

number

[0159]

number

[0160]

number

[0161] and

[0162]

number

[0163] where CS indicates a cyclic shift from the base sequence. The allocation may assign sequences that are farther apart for ACK and NACK so that the sequence assigned to one is less likely to be misdetected as being assigned to another.

[0164] The following mapping of cyclic shifts of the base sequence for WTRU1 and WTRU2 may be used:

[0165] WTRU1:

[0166]

number

[0167]

number

[0168]

number

[0169] and

[0170]

number

[0171] WTRU2:

[0172]

number

[0173]

number

[0174]

number

[0175] and

[0176]

number

[0177] The cyclic shift may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shift using a base sequence. The WTRU may employ three cyclic shifts of a (e.g., the same) base computer-generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate ACK / NACK and scheduling request (SR). Each of the three sequences may be used to indicate either an ACK or a NACK, and / or whether there is a scheduling request. A sequence may be assigned for each of the following three states of ACK and SR: (ACK, SR=0), (ACK, SR=1), and (NACK, SR=1). A sequence may not be assigned for the (NACK, SR=0) case, in which case the gNB's action may be similar (e.g., almost the same) as if it should receive the sequence (e.g., the gNB may perform retransmission of the transport block and allocate uplink resources for the WTRU (e.g., because SR may be equal to 0, indicating that there is no scheduling request)).

[0178] The mapping between three consecutive (adjacent) cyclic shifts and the above-mentioned three states of ACK and SR for two WTRUs whose sequences have consecutive cyclic shifts may be as follows:

[0179] WTRU1:

[0180]

number

[0181] WTRU2:

[0182]

number

[0183] The cyclic shift may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shift with the base sequence.

[0184]

number

[0185] When the gNB attempts to decode the sequence using

[0186]

number

[0187] This mapping may reduce the likelihood of detecting a sequence of one WTRU as a sequence of another WTRU.

[0188]

number

[0189] , the sequence for the same WTRU (e.g., with NACK and SR=1) that may have the smallest probability of occurrence when attempting to decode the sequence using

[0190]

number

[0191] The probability of false detection using the method may be lower.

[0192] The mapping between three consecutive (adjacent) cyclic shifts and the above-mentioned three states of ACK and SR for two WTRUs whose sequences have consecutive cyclic shifts may be as follows:

[0193] WTRU1:

[0194]

number

[0195] WTRU2:

[0196]

number

[0197] The cyclic shift may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shift with the base sequence.

[0198]

number

[0199] WTRU2's sequence when attempting to decode the sequence using

[0200]

number

[0201] This mapping may reduce the likelihood of detecting a sequence of one WTRU as a sequence of another WTRU.

[0202]

number

[0203] A sequence (e.g., with ACK and SR=1) of the same WTRU may have the next highest probability of occurrence after (ACK, SR=0) when attempting to decode the sequence using

[0204]

number

[0205] The probability of false detection using

[0206] The WTRU may send an ACK / NACK pair for a pair of transport blocks (e.g., if the WTRU can successfully decode one of the transport blocks independently of the other transport block) and may send (ACK, ACK), (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK).

[0207] The WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of a (e.g., the same) basic computer-generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate an ACK / NACK pair and / or a scheduling request (SR). A sequence (e.g., each of the four sequences) may be used to indicate a subset of the above-listed states and / or whether a scheduling request is present. The sequences may be assigned as follows: State 1: (ACK, ACK), and SR=0, State 2: (ACK, ACK), and SR=1, State 3: {(ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK)} and SR=0; State 4: {(ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK)} and SR=1.

[0208] The WTRU may use a separate sequence allocation for the (ACK, ACK) case (e.g., when an ACK may be most likely to be sent). The gNB may not be able to distinguish between the (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK) cases (e.g., when four sequences are assigned). This allocation (e.g., as shown above) is referred to as state bundling or joint assignment and may result in at most one unnecessary retransmission.

[0209] The WTRU may use four cyclic shifts of a (e.g., the same) basic computer-generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate an ACK / NACK pair and / or a scheduling request (SR). A sequence (e.g., each of the four sequences) may be used to indicate a subset of the above-listed states and / or whether a scheduling request is present. The sequences may be assigned as follows: State 1: (ACK, ACK) and SR=0, State 2: (ACK, ACK) and SR=1, State 3: {(ACK, NACK), or (NACK, ACK)} and SR=0, State 4: {(ACK, NACK), or (NACK, ACK)} and SR=1.

[0210] By allocating only four sequences, the gNB may not be able to distinguish between the (ACK, NACK) case or the (NACK, ACK) case. This may cause one unnecessary retransmission. No sequences may be allocated for the (NACK, NACK) and SR=0 cases, in which case the gNB's action may be similar (e.g., almost the same) as if it should receive the sequences (e.g., the gNB may perform retransmissions for each of the transport blocks and allocate uplink resources for the WTRU (e.g., because SR may equal 0, indicating no scheduling request)). No sequences may be allocated for the (NACK, NACK) and SR=1 cases, for example, because this case may have the lowest occurrence probability. The WTRU in this state may not send sequences, and the gNB may retransmit both transport blocks (e.g., from this perspective, the gNB's action does not change). The gNB may not know that the WTRU has a scheduling request until the next time the WTRU indicates its scheduling request, for example via one of the sequences assigned for (ACK, ACK) and SR=1, or {(ACK, NACK), or (NACK, ACK)} and SR=1.

[0211] The following mapping of cyclic shift sequences to four states may be used (e.g., in the case of state bundling as disclosed herein): An example of a mapping of four sequences to four cyclic shifts of a base sequence may be as follows:

[0212]

number

[0213] This mapping may ensure a better gNB detection probability when the gNB attempts to detect received sequences for states 1 and 2, which may have the highest detection probability.

[0214] The mapping of the four sequences to the four cyclic shifts of the base sequence may be as follows:

[0215]

number

[0216] This mapping may ensure a better gNB detection probability when the gNB attempts to detect whether a received sequence belongs to WTRU1 or WTRU2 (e.g., WTRU2 may have its cyclic shift sequence immediately after WTRU1's cyclic shift sequence).

[0217] The WTRU may employ six cyclic shifts of the same basic CGS to jointly indicate an ACK / NACK pair and / or an SR. A sequence may be assigned to each of the following states: State 1: (ACK, ACK) and SR=0, State 2: (ACK, ACK) and SR=1, State 3: (ACK, NACK) and SR=1, State 4: (ACK, NACK) and SR=0, State 5: (NACK, ACK) and SR=0, State 6: (NACK, ACK) and SR=1.

[0218] If no sequence is assigned for (NACK, NACK) and SR=0, the gNB's behavior may be similar (e.g., almost the same) as if the gNB received a sequence for this state. For the (NACK, NACK) and SR=1 state, no sequence may be assigned, for example, because this state may have the lowest occurrence probability. The WTRU may send its scheduling request in the next PUCCH opportunity. For example,

[0219]

number

[0220] For a first WTRU, the mapping of sequences associated with each state to cyclic shifts of the basic CGS may be as follows: states 1 through 6 may be assigned to CS=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively. For a second WTRU, the mapping of sequences associated with each state to cyclic shifts of the same basic CGS may be: states 1 through 6 may be assigned to CS=11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, respectively. These mappings may result in lower gNB false detection of sequences belonging to the first WTRU (e.g., associated with high probability states) and sequences belonging to the second WTRU. In another embodiment,

[0221]

number

[0222] , then for a WTRU, the mapping of sequences associated with each state to cyclic shifts of the basic CGS may be as follows: states 1 to 6 may be assigned to CS=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or CS=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, or CS=0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, or CS=0, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, respectively. These mappings may result in lower false detections between states of the same WTRU. In one example, the mapping may be based on the principle of Gray coding, which may ensure that a potential false detection of a sequence with its adjacent cyclic shift causes only one error in the information carried by the sequence (e.g., states 1 to 6 may be assigned to CS=4, 6, 0, 2, 10, 8, or CS=5, 7, 1, 3, 11, 9, or CS=5, 7, 0, 2, 11, 9, respectively).

[0223] In an example, in addition to the six states above, there may be two more states: state 7 (NACK, NACK) and SR=1, and state 8 (NACK, NACK) and SR=0 (e.g., covering all possible states, a sequence may be assigned to each). For the WTRU, the sequences associated with each state may be mapped to cyclic shifts of the basic CGS as follows: states 1 through 8 may be assigned to CS=0, 1, 3, 4, 11, 10, 8, 7, or CS=0, 1, 4, 5, 11, 10, 8, 7. These mappings may result in lower error detection between states for the same WTRU. Even if a gNB receiving one of these sequences detects an adjacent cyclic shift in error, the error may be minimized (e.g., only one of the three pieces of information may be incorrect).

[0224] A positive SR and HARQ-ACK may be transmitted on a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH) in the same slot. If the HARQ-ACK payload is 2 bits or less, the WTRU may transmit the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the SR using a PUCCH format of up to 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH format A). If the HARQ-ACK payload is larger than 2 bits, the WTRU may transmit both the SR and HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the HARQ-ACK (using a PUCCH format for carrying more than 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH format B)).

[0225] A negative SR and HARQ-ACK may be transmitted on a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH) in the same slot. If the HARQ-ACK payload is 2 bits or less, the WTRU may transmit the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the HARQ-ACK using a PUCCH format of up to 2 bits. If the HARQ-ACK payload is larger than 2 bits, the WTRU may transmit both the SR and HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the HARQ-ACK using a PUCCH format to carry more than 2 bits.

[0226] For PUCCH formats up to 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH Format A), a resource may include one or more PRB indices, one or two OFDM symbol indices within a slot, and / or a group of two or four sequences / cyclic shifts. A resource may be associated with one sequence and / or a cyclic shift of a sequence (e.g., only one sequence and / or a cyclic shift of a sequence). For PUCCH formats with more than 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH Format B), a resource may include at least one or more PRB indices and / or one or two OFDM symbol indices within a slot.

[0227] The WTRU may determine the PUCCH resources or PUCCH resource groups through higher layer configuration and / or DCI. For example, the WTRU may be configured with multiple PUCCH resource groups and use a bit field in the DCI to identify the assigned resources or resource groups in each slot. The size of each resource group may be one, two, or four resources, which may depend on the HARQ-ACK payload. For a HARQ-ACK payload larger than two bits, a resource group may have one resource. For a one-bit HARQ-ACK payload, a resource group may have two resources. For a two-bit HARQ-ACK payload, a resource group may have four resources.

[0228] If a WTRU is configured with four PUCCH resource groups, the WTRU may use a 2-bit bit field in the DCI to identify the resource group in a given slot. In one example, the number of RBs over which the PUCCH is transmitted can be signaled by higher layer signaling as part of the PUCCH resource structure. In one example, the WTRU may receive the first OFDM symbol index of the PUCCH in a slot through higher layer signaling and use a formula to determine the second OFDM symbol index of the PUCCH.

[0229] The WTRU may bundle the two HARQ-ACK bits using an AND operation. The WTRU may use two resources / sequences for signaling the HARQ-ACK and / or SR and may apply a predefined resource mapping rule (e.g., if a positive SR and a 2-bit HARQ-ACK are to be transmitted on the PUCCH in the same slot or minislot). The WTRU may use two resources / sequences for signaling the HARQ-ACK using a different resource mapping rule (e.g., if a negative SR and a 2-bit HARQ-ACK are to be transmitted on the PUCCH in the same slot or minislot), as shown in Table 2B below.

[0230] [Table 3]

[0231] ACK / NACK / SR transmission (e.g., on a short PUCCH having a duration of two symbols) may be provided. FIG. 5 is an example diagram that may show ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission. The transmission may use a frequency-shifted RS or may be implicit. For example, the WTRU may implicitly transmit one or two bits of ACK / NACK and / or SR using different frequency shifts of a Reference Symbol (RS) sequence, such as a CAZAC sequence, in two consecutive OFDM symbols that may include a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). The RS sequences for the two consecutive OFDM symbols may be the same or different cyclic time or frequency shifts of a base sequence. The ACK / NACK or SR signaling may be implicit or may be additional to the CSI being transmitted on resource elements that may not be used for the RS. Implicit transmission may be an efficient approach for UCI signaling in the UL.

[0232] For SR transmissions, if the WTRU does not request to be scheduled, the WTRU may not shift the RS in frequency within the second OFDM symbol, and may shift the RS in frequency if the WTRU requests to be scheduled as shown in Table 3. For ACK / NACK / DTX transmissions, the WTRU may not shift the RS in frequency within the second OFDM symbol in the case of NACK or DTX signaling, and may shift the RS in frequency within the second OFDM symbol in the case of transmitting an ACK.

[0233] Table 3 shows an example mapping of 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX or SR to RS frequency shift in the second OFDM symbol.

[0234] [Table 4]

[0235] The WTRU may use a lower RS ​​density to transmit a higher number of bits, as shown in Table 4. For example, the WTRU may use 1 / 2 RS density for signaling one bit of ACK / NACK or SR in the UL. As another example, the WTRU may use 1 / 3 RS density to signal information larger than one bit, e.g., ACK / NACK / DTX. Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) may indicate that neither ACK nor NACK may be transmitted. An example mapping of ACK / NACK / DTX to RS shift in the second OFDM symbol is shown in Table 4.

[0236] [Table 5]

[0237] The WTRU may transmit (e.g., simultaneously) one bit of ACK / NACK and one bit of SR using an RS shift approach with a lower RS ​​density of ¼. An example mapping of ACK / NACK and SR to RS shifts in the second OFDM symbol is shown in Table 5. The WTRU may use four RS frequency shifts to signal two bits of ACK / NACK information, as shown in Table 5.

[0238] [Table 6]

[0239] FIG. 6 is an example diagram that may show ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission using a time-domain cover code on the RS. This may be done implicitly. The WTRU may transmit one bit of ACK / NACK and / or SR by applying a time-domain cover code on a reference symbol (RS) sequence, such as a CAZAC sequence, in two consecutive OFDM symbols that may include a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). This may be done regardless of the RS density of the PUCCH. Two variations of this approach, with RS densities of 1 / 2 and 1 / 3, can be seen in FIG. 6. The time-domain code may be a length-2 Walsh-Hadamard orthogonal code.

[0240] An example mapping of SR to cover codes is shown in Table 6. If a WTRU does not request to be scheduled, it may use a cover code of

[0011] over two RS symbols (e.g., this may be equivalent to not applying any cover code). If a WTRU requests to be scheduled, it may use a cover code [1 -1] over two RS symbols. For a 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX transmission, the WTRU may signal the NACK / DTX using a cover code of

[0011] over two RS symbols and signal the ACK using a cover code [1 -1].

[0241] Table 7

[0242] The WTRU may implicitly transmit one or two bits of ACK / NACK and / or SR by applying respective (e.g., different) cyclic time shifts of RS base sequences (e.g., CAZAC sequences) in OFDM symbols (e.g., each of two consecutive OFDM symbols) of the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH). FIG. 7 is an example diagram that may show ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission (e.g., implicit transmission) using different cyclic time shifts for the RS. Three example scenarios may be shown, with RS densities of 1 / 1, 1 / 2, and 1 / 3. With an RS density of 1 / 1, the WTRU may apply a sequence-based scheme for ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission. Other UCI (e.g., CSI, PMI, RI, etc.) may or may not be transmitted in this scenario. If the RS density is less than 100%, the UCI, ACK / NACK, and / or SR may be multiplexed on the same PUCCH resource (e.g., short PUCCH resource). For example, to transmit a 1-bit ACK / NACK or SR, the WTRU may use a cyclic shift of m for the RS in the first OFDM symbol and a cyclic time shift of n for the RS in the second OFDM symbol. If both cyclic time shifts are the same (e.g., m=n), it may indicate that the WTRU does not request to be scheduled. If the cyclic time shifts on the two OFDM symbols are different (e.g., m≠n), it may indicate that the WTRU may request to be scheduled for an UL transmission. The UL transmission may be a PUSCH. For a 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX transmission, the WTRU may use the same cyclic time shift for the two RSs on two different OFDM symbols to signal the NACK / DTX and different cyclic time shifts for the two RSs to signal the ACK. Table 7 shows an example mapping of SR or ACK / NACK / DTX using different cyclic time shifts for the RSs.

[0243] [Table 8]

[0244] 8 shows an example diagram for SR transmission using RS on-off keying, which may be implicit. The WTRU may transmit one bit of ACK / NACK and / or SR by turning on or off the reference symbol (RS) on the second OFDM symbol of two consecutive OFDM symbols that contain a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). This may be done implicitly.

[0245] As shown in Table 8, if the WTRU does not request to be scheduled, such as when SR is off, the WTRU may transmit the RS on the second OFDM symbol. If the WTRU requests to be scheduled, such as when SR is equal to 1, the WTRU may not transmit the RS on the second OFDM symbol.

[0246] As shown in 800 in FIG. 8, if a WTRU requests to be scheduled and may not transmit an RS on the second OFDM symbol, the WTRU may turn off the RS on the second OFDM symbol (e.g., not transmit the RS). The WTRU may distribute the power of the RS on the remaining REs of the second OFDM symbol in the PUCCH used for UCI transmission. The turned-off REs on the second OFDM symbol may be interpreted as REs reserved by the receiver with no transmission, such as REs with zero power. By distributing the power from the RS to the UCI, the BLER performance of the UCI can be improved.

[0247] As shown in 802 in FIG. 8, if a WTRU requests to be scheduled and may not transmit an RS on the second OFDM symbol, the WTRU may turn off the RS on the second OFDM symbol (e.g., not transmit the RS). The WTRU may reallocate REs on the second OFDM symbol to UCI transmission. For example, no RS may be transmitted on the second OFDM symbol. In this case, the coding rate for UCI transmission may be lower, which may result in better BLER performance for UCI. Rate matching may be different for UCI, regardless of whether an SR is transmitted. Table 8 shows an example mapping of SR to the presence of RS in the second OFDM symbol.

[0248] [Table 9]

[0249] FIG. 9 shows an example diagram for ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission (e.g., implicit transmission of ACK / NACK and / or SR) using an RS with waveform coding. The waveform coding may include PPM, Manchester coding, and / or the like. The WTRU may encode one bit of the ACK / NACK and / or SR by using multiple ON (e.g., RS is transmitted) and OFF (e.g., RS is not transmitted) OFDM symbols. The WTRU may encode one bit of the ACK / NACK and / or SR by varying the position of the ON and OFF OFDM symbols. Manchester coding may be applied across multiple (e.g., two) OFDM symbols of a multi-symbol (e.g., two-symbol) PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH).

[0250] As shown at 900 and 902 in Figure 9, an ACK may be encoded as follows: one or more REs of the second OFDM symbol may have energy, and the same RE in the first OFDM symbol may have zero energy. A NACK may be encoded as follows: one or more REs of the first OFDM symbol may have energy, and the same RE in the next OFDM symbol may have zero energy.

[0251] As shown at 904 and 906 in FIG. 9 , SR=1 (e.g., SR is on) may be coded as follows: One or more of the REs of the second OFDM symbol may have energy, and one or more REs in the first OFDM symbol that are shifted up by one from one or more REs of the second OFDM symbol may have zero energy. SR=0 (e.g., SR is off) may be coded as follows: One or more of the REs of the first OFDM symbol may have energy, and one or more of the REs of the second OFDM symbol that are shifted up by one from one or more REs of the first OFDM symbol may have zero energy.

[0252] The WTRU may use any combination of the schemes proposed herein for ACK / NACK and / or SR signaling in the UL. As disclosed herein, the WTRU may use multiple methods to implicitly signal one or more bits of UCI information. For example, the WTRU may signal one or more bits of UCI information using any combination of a frequency-shifted RS and / or a time-domain cover code on the RS, a differential cyclic time shift for the RS, RS on-off keying, an RS with waveform coding, and / or the like.

[0253] Signaling of SR in the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) may be provided. The signaling may be explicit. SR and UCI may be signaled in the same OFDM symbol. UCI and SR may be transmitted by multiplexing sequences or symbols corresponding to UCI and SR in frequency as shown in FIG. 10. Since the SR and UCI symbols may be separated in frequency, the same sequence may be used to transmit both types of data. If the WTRU does not have an SR to transmit, the subcarriers reserved for SR transmission may be loaded with zeros.

[0254] Figure 10 shows an example diagram for frequency division multiplexing of UCI and SR. SR and reference symbols (RS) can be transmitted on the same subcarriers but on different OFDM symbols. In an OFDM symbol where SR may not be scheduled to be transmitted, the subcarriers allocated for RS / SR can be used for transmitting reference symbols.

[0255] There may be an OFDM symbol in which the SR may be scheduled to be transmitted. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request to transmit, the subcarriers allocated for the RS / SR may be used for transmission of reference symbols.

[0256] There may be an OFDM symbol in which an SR is scheduled to be transmitted. When a WTRU has a scheduling request to transmit, the subcarriers allocated for the RS / SR may be used for transmitting the SR sequence. The receiver may also use the SR sequence to estimate the channel and / or decode the UCI.

[0257] The RS and SR sequences may be chosen differently. For example, they may be different cyclic shifts of the same base sequence, or they may be two different base sequences. The sequences may be Zadoff-Chu sequences, CAZAC sequences, and / or the like.

[0258] Orthogonality between sequences transmitted by WTRUs may be achieved in the frequency domain by assigning different subcarriers to UCI and SR. Orthogonality between sequences transmitted by different WTRUs may be achieved in the frequency domain and / or using orthogonal sequences. For example, in Figure 11, WTRU1 and WTRU2 may use orthogonal sequences for UCI and orthogonal sequences for SR.

[0259] 11 shows an example diagram for UCI and SR transmission by one or more WTRUs. The number of carriers for transmitting UCI and SR, or the number of subcarriers for transmitting only UCI or SR, may be different. For example, K subcarriers may be sufficient for transmitting UCI (and reference symbols for decoding UCI) or SR, while 2K subcarriers may be required for transmitting UCI and SR.

[0260] The difference in the amount of resources may be managed. For example, a WTRU may be configured with an amount of frequency resources, such as K subcarriers. These resources may be used for transmission of UCI or SR. If both UCI and SR are present, the amount of resources may be increased. For example, the resources may be increased to 2K. The amount of additional resources and the index of the additional subcarriers may be determined.

[0261] Figure 12 shows an example diagram for UCI and / or SR transmission by one or more WTRUs. If one or more of the WTRUs do not have UCI to transmit or are not configured to transmit SR, they may leave their assigned subcarriers unused, as shown in Figure 12. This may occur, for example, in an OFDM symbol where the WTRU is not configured to transmit SR. For illustrative purposes, interleaved subcarriers are shown, although non-contiguous sets of subcarriers may also be used. For example, UCI and SR may be transmitted on two different groups of subcarriers. The RS that may be used for decoding the UCI may not be shown, but it will be understood that RS transmission may accompany UCI transmission.

[0262] If the WTRU has unused resources, it may repeat the transmission of UCI or SR on those resources. For example, WTRU2 may repeat UCI on subcarriers that may be allocated for SR. Due to the coding / spreading gain, the transmit power may be reduced accordingly. The WTRU may use two different sequences for SR and UCI. For example, the sequences may be two different base sequences or two different cyclic shifts of the same base sequence.

[0263] Low PAPR transmission may be provided. Figure 13 shows an example diagram for PAPR transmission of UCI and SR. In an example (e.g., when UCI and SR are transmitted in the same OFDM symbol), the PAPR may be reduced by utilizing time-domain multiplexing of UCI and SR sequences / symbols. This may be achieved by time-multiplexing UCI and SR before DFT precoding as shown in Figure 13. The inputs to different input pins of the DFT block may include UCI and / or SR. After a phase-shift operation, which may be optional, the output DFT-precoded UCI and SR symbols may be mapped to the same subcarriers. These subcarriers may be adjacent or interleaved. The input to the DFT block may include a vector [UCI SR], e.g., [d1 d2 c1 c2].

[0264] There may be OFDM symbols in which SRs are not scheduled to be transmitted. Resources allocated for SRs may be used for transmitting reference symbols.

[0265] There may be an OFDM symbol in which an SR is scheduled to be transmitted. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request to transmit, the resources allocated for the SR may be used for transmission of reference symbols.

[0266] There may be an OFDM symbol in which an SR is scheduled to be transmitted. When a WTRU has a scheduling request to transmit, the resources allocated for SR may be used for transmitting the SR sequence. The receiver may use the SR sequence to estimate the channel and decode the UCI.

[0267] The RS and SR sequences may be chosen differently. For example, they may be different cyclic shifts of the same base sequence, or they may be two different base sequences. The sequences may be Zadoff-Chu sequences, CAZAC sequences, and / or the like.

[0268] 14 shows another example diagram for low-PAPR transmission of UCI and SR. The precoded UCI and SR may be mapped to different subcarriers. The input of the DFT block, which may be filled with zeros by the first WTRU, may be used by the second WTRU.

[0269] Figure 15 shows another example diagram for low PAPR transmission of UCI and SR. UCI and SR are mapped to DFT inputs in an interleaved manner, while different input pins of the DFT block may be utilized by the UCI and SR symbols. The DFT outputs may be mapped to the same or different subcarriers, and the subcarriers may be adjacent or interleaved. When the DFT outputs are mapped to subcarriers, one DFT block may be sufficient. For example, as shown in Figure 15, the input to the DFT block may be [d1 c1 d2 c2].

[0270] Each of the computing systems described herein may have one or more computer processors having memory configured with executable instructions or hardware to achieve the functions described herein, including determining parameters described herein and sending and receiving messages between entities (e.g., the WTRU and the network) to achieve the described functions. The processes described above may be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware embodied in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor.

[0271] While features and elements are described above in specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. The methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware embodied in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electrical signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, ROM, RAM, registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and DVDs. A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor and a memory, the processor and the memory comprising: determining to transmit hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement and negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) information and scheduling request (SR) information in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission; determine a first cyclic shift assigned to a first symbol of a PUCCH transmission and a second cyclic shift assigned to a second symbol of the PUCCH transmission, the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift being different, and the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift being determined from a plurality of cyclic shifts based on whether the HARQ ACK / NACK information and SR information transmitted in the PUCCH transmission indicate a positive SR or a negative SR; Transmitting both the HARQ ACK / NACK information and the SR information in both a first symbol of the PUCCH transmission using the first cyclic shift and a second symbol of the PUCCH transmission using the second cyclic shift. A WTRU configured as follows:

2. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to receive a PUCCH resource index in a physical downlink control channel transmission, the PUCCH resource index indicating a resource for the PUCCH transmission.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor and memory are further configured to determine a set of available cyclic shifts for each of the first and second cyclic shifts based on a PUCCH resource index.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor and memory are further configured to receive configuration information indicating a set of available cyclic shifts for each of the first and second cyclic shifts.

5. The WTRU of claim 3 , wherein each of the first and second cyclic shifts is applied to a respective base sequence.

6. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first symbol and the second symbol correspond to consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

7. The WTRU of claim 2 , wherein the PUCCH resource index includes a physical resource block for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK information.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to send a positive scheduling request (SR) along with the HARQ ACK / NACK information.

9. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to transmit a reference signal on each subcarrier of the first symbol and the second symbol.

10. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein a first set of cyclic shifts is available to indicate the HARQ ACK / NACK information with the positive SR, and a second set of cyclic shifts is available to indicate the HARQ ACK / NACK information with the negative SR.

11. 1. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: determining to transmit hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement and negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) information and scheduling request (SR) information in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission; determining a first cyclic shift assigned to a first symbol of a PUCCH transmission and a second cyclic shift assigned to a second symbol of the PUCCH transmission, the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift being different, and the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift being determined from a plurality of cyclic shifts based on the HARQ ACK / NACK information and whether SR information transmitted in the PUCCH transmission indicates a positive SR or a negative SR; transmitting both the HARQ ACK / NACK information and the SR information in both a first symbol of the PUCCH transmission using the first cyclic shift and a second symbol of the PUCCH transmission using the second cyclic shift; A method for providing the above.

12. receiving a PUCCH resource index in a physical downlink control channel transmission, the PUCCH resource index indicating a resource for the PUCCH transmission; determining a set of available cyclic shifts for each of the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift based on the PUCCH resource index; The method of claim 11 further comprising:

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of transmitting a positive SR along with the HARQ ACK / NACK information.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein a reference signal is transmitted on each subcarrier of the first symbol and the second symbol.

15. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first symbol and the second symbol correspond to consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

16. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein a first set of cyclic shifts is available to indicate the HARQ ACK / NACK information with a positive SR, and a second set of cyclic shifts is available to indicate the HARQ ACK / NACK information with a negative SR.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein each of the first and second cyclic shifts is applied to a respective base sequence.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the PUCCH resource index includes a physical resource block for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK information.

19. 1. A base station comprising a processor and a memory, the processor comprising: receiving hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment and negative acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) information or scheduling request (SR) information in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission; a first cyclic shift is assigned to a first symbol of a PUCCH transmission, and a second cyclic shift is assigned to a second symbol of the PUCCH transmission, the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift being different, and the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift are determined from a plurality of cyclic shifts based on whether HARQ ACK / NACK information and transmitted SR information indicate a positive SR or a negative SR in the PUCCH transmission; receiving the HARQ ACK / NACK information and the SR information in a first symbol of the PUCCH transmission using the first cyclic shift and in a second symbol of the PUCCH transmission using the second cyclic shift; A base station configured as follows.

20. 20. The base station of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to receive a reference signal on a subcarrier of each of the first symbol and the second symbol.

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