Wireless base stations and wireless communication methods

Abstract

This radio base station executes a mobility optimization procedure of a terminal using the result of a learning model, and, in the mobility optimization procedure, transmits a message including information relating to a failure in a handover of the terminal, a radio link, or a beam to an entity that executes operation and maintenance or control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a radio base station and a radio communication method using an AI / ML model.

Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has specified the 5th generation mobile communication system (also called 5G, New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)), and is also proceeding with the specification of the next generation called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution or 6G.

[0003] In 3GPP Release 17, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) to the radio access network has been agreed (Patent Document 1).

[0004] Also, in 3GPP Release 18, the optimization of the mobility of a terminal (User Equipment, UE ) based on AI / ML is planned to be studied (Patent Document 2). For example, procedures for realizing the optimal mobility of the UE (such as minimizing call loss, radio link failure, and unnecessary handover) using a learning model (AI / ML model) are planned to be studied.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0005]

Non-Patent Document 1

[0006] AI / ML models are trained periodically, but they have an expiration date. When this expiration date expires, or if the AI / ML model's performance deteriorates even within the expiration date, it needs to be retrained.

[0007] Therefore, the following disclosure is made in light of these circumstances and aims to provide a wireless base station and wireless communication method that can achieve optimal mobility of UEs using AI / ML Models while maintaining the performance of the AI / ML Models.

[0008] One aspect of this disclosure is a radio base station (gNB100) comprising a control unit (control unit 140) that performs a terminal mobility optimization procedure using the results of a learning model, and a transmission unit (AI / ML model unit 130) that transmits a message containing information regarding terminal handover, radio link, or beam failure to an entity that performs operation, maintenance, or control.

[0009] One aspect of the present disclosure is a wireless communication method comprising the steps of: a wireless base station performing a terminal mobility optimization procedure using the results of a learning model; and the wireless base station transmitting a message to an entity performing operations maintenance or control, which includes information regarding terminal handover, radio link or beam failure. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the wireless communication system 10. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a functional block diagram of the gNB100. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of the UE200. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows a functional framework for RAN intelligence. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an example sequence (part 1) for the Mobility Optimization or handover procedure of UE200, and for retraining the AI / ML Model of UE200. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example of HOF / RLF-related information. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows an example sequence (part 2) for the Mobility Optimization or handover procedure of UE200, and for retraining the AI / ML Model of UE200. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows an example of an RIC configuration based on the O-RAN architecture. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the gNB100 and UE200. [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] The embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that identical or similar reference numerals are used to denote the same functions and components, and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0012] (1) Overall outline of the wireless communication system Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the wireless communication system 10 according to this embodiment. The wireless communication system 10 is a wireless communication system in accordance with 5G New Radio (NR) and includes a Next Generation-Radio Access Network 20 (hereinafter referred to as NG-RAN20) and a terminal 200 (User Equipment 200, hereinafter referred to as UE200).

[0013] The wireless communication system 10 may be a wireless communication system conforming to a method called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G, or it may include a wireless communication system conforming to a method called Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 4G. The wireless communication system 10 may support functions related to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications).

[0014] NG-RAN20 includes a wireless base station 100 (hereinafter referred to as gNB100). The specific configuration of the wireless communication system 10, including the number of gNBs (or eNBs, etc.) and UEs, is not limited to the example shown in Figure 1.

[0015] Furthermore, the gNB100 may employ a fronthaul (FH) interface as defined by the O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network Alliance). The gNB100 may include an O-DU (O-RAN Distributed Unit) and an O-RU (O-RAN Radio Unit). The gNB100 can function as a type of NG-RAN node.

[0016] NG-RAN 20 actually includes a plurality of NG-RAN nodes, specifically gNBs (or ng-eNBs), and is connected to a 5G-compliant core network (5GC, not shown). In the 5GC, the concept of CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation), in which the functions of the user plane and the control plane are clearly separated, may be introduced.

[0017] NG-RAN 20 is connected to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) that is included in the 5G system architecture and provides access and mobility management functions for the UE 200, a Session Management Function (SMF) that provides session management functions, etc. Also, a UDM / UDR (Unified Data Management / User Data Repository) may be connected to the AMF and / or the SMF. Note that NG-RAN 20 and 5GC may simply be referred to as the "network".

[0018] NG-RAN 20 may be connected to the OAM / RIC 40 either via the 5GC or directly from the NG-RAN 20. The OAM / RIC 40 can provide functions related to the operation and maintenance of the wireless communication system 10 (OAM). Also, the OAM / RIC 40 can provide functions related to the control of the NG-RAN 20 (RIC: RAN Intelligent Controller). The specific functions of the RIC are defined by the O-RAN specifications (e.g., O-RAN Architecture-Description 6.0). In this embodiment, the OAM / RIC 40 may constitute an entity that performs operation and maintenance or control.

[0019] gNB100 is a radio base station compliant with NR and performs wireless communication with UE200 according to NR. Note that gNB100 may be composed of a CU (Central Unit) and a DU (Distributed Unit), and the DU may be separated from the CU and installed at a geographically different location. Also, gNB100 (gNB-CU) may be connected by an Xn interface.

[0020] gNB100 and UE200 can support Massive MIMO that generates a more directional beam by controlling radio signals transmitted from a plurality of antenna elements, Carrier Aggregation (CA) that bundles and uses a plurality of Component Carriers (CCs), and Dual Connectivity (DC) that enables simultaneous communication between the UE and each of a plurality of NG-RAN Nodes.

[0021] In addition, in the wireless communication system 10, Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML) may be applied in NG-RAN20. Specifically, a learning model (hereinafter referred to as an AI / ML Model) may be used to optimize the mobility or handover (which may be read as transition, cell transition, cell selection, etc.) of UE200.

[0022] The AI / ML Model may be expressed in another term that means AI or ML, such as an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model or a Machine Learning (ML) model.

[0023] The mobility of UE200 may generally mean the ease of movement and mobility of UE200, but in this embodiment, it may also mean minimizing call drops, radio link (including beams) failures, unnecessary handovers, ping-pong states, etc.

[0024] In the wireless communication system 10, such an AI / ML Model can be used to optimize the mobility or handover of the UE200. The AI / ML Model may be provided in the OAM / RIC40 or in the gNB100.

[0025] (2) Functional block configuration of the wireless communication system Next, the functional block configuration of the wireless communication system 10 will be described. Specifically, the functional block configurations of gNB100 and UE200 will be described. Figure 2 is a functional block configuration diagram of gNB100. Figure 3 is a functional block configuration diagram of UE200.

[0026] (2.1) gNB100 As shown in Figure 2, the gNB100 comprises a wireless communication unit 110, a handover processing unit 120, an AI / ML modeling unit 130, and a control unit 140.

[0027] The wireless communication unit 110 transmits a downlink signal (DL signal) in accordance with NR. The wireless communication unit 110 also receives an uplink signal (UL signal) in accordance with NR.

[0028] The handover processing unit 120 performs the handover of UE200. Specifically, the handover processing unit 120 performs the handover from the serving cell of UE200 to another neighboring cell.

[0029] While a serving cell can simply be interpreted as the cell to which the UE200 is connected, more precisely, in the case of an RRC_CONNECTED UE without carrier aggregation (CA) configured, there is only one serving cell that constitutes the primary cell. In the case of an RRC_CONNECTED UE configured with CA, a serving cell can be interpreted as representing one or more sets of cells, including the primary cell and all secondary cells.

[0030] Furthermore, handovers may include conditional handovers (CHO). A CHO allows a UE200-initiated handover to be performed when specific execution conditions are met. If a CHO is not applicable, a normal handover may be performed (this may be called a CHO recovery). In a CHO recovery, the UE200 performs cell selection after a CHO failure, but if a CHO candidate cell is selected, it can directly apply the conditional RRCReconfiguration to that cell and reconnect without sending an RRCREstablishmentRequest to the candidate target cell.

[0031] The execution conditions may consist of one or two trigger conditions (CHO events A3 / A5 as defined in 3GPP TS38.331). A single reference signal (RS) type may be triggered, and up to two different trigger quantities (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), RSRP and Signal-to-Interference plus Noise power Ratio (SINR), etc.) may be set simultaneously for evaluation of the CHO execution conditions of a single candidate cell.

[0032] The AI / ML model unit 130 executes processing using a learned model (AI / ML Model). Specifically, the AI / ML model unit 130 executes processing using an AI / ML Model that is applied to the optimization of the mobility and / or handover of the UE200.

[0033] For example, the AI / ML model unit 130 can determine the validity period of a trained AI / ML model. The AI / ML model unit 130 may also evaluate the performance of the AI / ML model and determine whether its performance has fallen below a specified level.

[0034] The AI / ML model unit 130 may retrain the AI / ML model if the validity period of the AI / ML model expires or if the performance of the AI / ML model falls below a specified level. The AI / ML model itself may be installed on the gNB100 or on other network nodes (network devices) such as the OAM / RIC40.

[0035] Whether the performance of the AI / ML Model has fallen below a specified level may be determined by the accuracy (achievement rate) of the processes related to optimizing the mobility and / or handover of the UE200 using the AI / ML Model, such as the minimization of call drop, radio link (including beam) failure, unnecessary handover, and ping-pong state described above.

[0036] Furthermore, the AI / ML model unit 130 may transmit information regarding UE200 handover, wireless link, or beam faults (RLF, BF) to the OAM / RIC40 in response to control by the control unit 140.

[0037] Specifically, the AI / ML model unit 130 may send a message to the OAM / RIC40 containing information regarding the UE200 handover, RLF, and BF during the Mobility Optimization procedure. In this embodiment, the AI / ML model unit 130 may constitute a transmission unit.

[0038] Information regarding UE200 handovers (HO), RLF, and BF may include the occurrence rate or number of handover failures (HOF), RLF, and BF. Furthermore, for HOF and RLF, the number of handover attempts before the failure was determined may also be included (the same applies hereafter).

[0039] For example, the AI / ML model unit 130 may include such information in a Feedback message sent to the OAM / RIC40 during the Mobility Optimization or handover procedure of the UE200. The Feedback message in question may be sent before or after the Mobility Optimization or handover operation of the UE200. Alternatively, the AI / ML model unit 130 may send the Feedback message to another device other than the OAM / RIC40, such as another gNB or another network node (network device) included in the NG-RAN20 / 5GC.

[0040] The AI / ML model unit 130 may send a Feedback message to the UE200 that includes information about the timers set. Specifically, the AI / ML model unit 130 can send a Feedback message that includes information about timers T310 / T312 / T304. The information about the timers may include the timer's completion rate or the number of times it has completed. Alternatively, it may simply indicate that the timer has completed.

[0041] Timer T310 is started when a physical layer problem is detected in a Special Cell (SpCell), that is, when a series of N310 out-of-sync indications are received from a lower layer, and may be stopped when a series of N311 indications are received from a lower layer of the SpCell, when an RRCReconfiguration is received in reconfigurationWithSync for the cell group, when a MobilityFromNRCommand is received, when rlf-TimersAndConstant is reconfigured, when the connection re-establishment procedure is started, when the master cell group (MCG) failure information procedure is started, and when a secondary cell group (SCG) is released.

[0042] T312 is started when T312 is configured in MCG, during the execution of PCell's T310, and triggers a measurement report for a measurement ID where T312 is configured and "useT312" is set to true. If T312 is configured in SCG and "useT312" is set to true, it may be started when a measurement report for a measurement ID configured in T312 is triggered while PSCell's T310 is running.

[0043] Furthermore, T312 may be stopped when it receives an N311 continuous synchronization display from a lower layer of SpCell, when it receives an RRCReconfiguration in the cell group's reconfigurationWithSync and initiates the connection re-establishment procedure, when it resets rlf-TimersAndConstant, when it initiates the MCG failure information procedure, and when the T310 expires in the corresponding SpCell.

[0044] Timer T304 is started when an RRCReconfiguration message containing reconfigurationWithSync is received, or when a conditional reconfiguration is performed, i.e., when a stored RRCReconfiguration message containing reconfigurationWithSync is applied, and may be stopped when a random access is successfully completed in the corresponding SpCell.

[0045] The AI / ML model unit 130 may send a Feedback message containing information about the failure of the UE200's random access procedure (RA procedure). This information may include the occurrence rate or number of RA procedure failures (RACH failures), or it may simply indicate an RA procedure failure.

[0046] The RA procedure may simply be interpreted as a Random Access Channel (RACH). The RA procedure (RACH) may include two-step RACH and four-step RACH.

[0047] RA procedures (RACH) may include 2-step and 4-step RACH. In a 2-step RACH, messages (MSG) A and B (Random Access Preamble, Contention Resolution / Random Access Response) may be sent and received. In a 4-step RACH, messages 1-4 (Random Access Preamble, Random Access Response, Scheduled Transmission, Contention Resolution) may be sent and received.

[0048] In this embodiment, the channel includes a control channel and a data channel. The control channel includes PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel), and PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel), among others.

[0049] Furthermore, data channels include PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), among others.

[0050] Reference signals include Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), and Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), while signals include channels and reference signals. Data may refer to data transmitted via a data channel.

[0051] In addition to the information described above, the AI / ML model unit 130 may send a Feedback message containing similar information, such as failures of CHO, DAPS (dual active protocol stack) HO, etc. Specifically, the AI / ML model unit 130 may send a Feedback message containing the following information.

[0052] • CHO recovery success rate or number of times • CHO recovery failure rate or number of failures DAPS HO failure rate or number of failures • The percentage or number of times an RLF failure occurs on the source cell side during DAPS Handover. Furthermore, the AI / ML model unit 130 may send a Feedback message if the frequency (occurrence rate) of failures such as HO, RLF, and BF mentioned above exceeds a threshold. Such a Feedback message may implicitly request retraining of the AI / ML Model. Alternatively, the AI / ML model unit 130 may send a different message that explicitly requests retraining of the AI / ML Model.

[0053] The AI / ML model unit 130 may use a timer to measure the validity period of the AI / ML model, and may send a feedback message when the timer expires. This timer may be started, for example, when the update of the AI / ML model is completed. Such a feedback message may initiate retraining of the AI / ML model.

[0054] The control unit 140 controls each functional block that constitutes the gNB100. In particular, in this embodiment, the control unit 140 can use the results of the AI / ML Model to perform Mobility Optimization or handover of the UE200 (these may be interpreted as a mobility optimization procedure).

[0055] Specifically, the control unit 140 may use an AI / ML Model to determine the waiting cell or destination cell and / or NG-RAN node for the UE200. The control unit 140 may then execute control to have the UE200 wait or transition to the waiting or transition destination determined in this way. In the case of CHO, the control unit 140 may also determine the estimated arrival probability of transitioning to each candidate destination cell based on the behavior of the UE200 using an AI / ML Model (e.g., past cell dwell history, UE speed, UE trajectory, flight information).

[0056] (2.2)UE200 As shown in Figure 3, the UE200 includes a wireless communication unit 210, a measurement reporting unit 220, a handover execution unit 230, and a control unit 240.

[0057] The wireless communication unit 210 transmits an uplink signal (UL signal) in accordance with NR. The wireless communication unit 210 also receives an uplink signal (DL signal) in accordance with NR.

[0058] The measurement reporting unit 220 can measure the quality of the UE200's serving cell and its neighboring cells, and report the measurement results (Measurement Report) to the network. The measurement reporting unit 220 may perform measurement reporting of the source cell and target cell during handover.

[0059] The quality of the object being measured can be, for example, the quality included in the Measurement Report as defined in 3GPP TS38.331 (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)).

[0060] The handover execution unit 230 performs the handover of UE200. Specifically, the handover execution unit 230 may perform the handover to the destination cell (NG-RAN node) based on the control by gNB100.

[0061] Furthermore, the handover execution unit 230 can perform processing related to normal handovers (legacy handovers) and conditional handovers (CHOs).

[0062] In the case of CHO, the handover execution unit 230 may transition to a candidate cell when the execution condition is met. The execution condition may be determined based on the quality of the reference signal (RS), specifically the values ​​of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR, as described above.

[0063] Furthermore, the transition destination of CHO may or may not be accompanied by SCG. In other words, the cell to which CHO transitions may be a single cell, or it may consist of multiple cells (which may be interpreted as a cell group) according to DC.

[0064] The control unit 240 controls each functional block that makes up the UE200. Specifically, the control unit 240 can perform control related to registering the UE200 with the network (listening in a specific cell), measurement reporting, and handover of the UE200.

[0065] (3) Operation of the wireless communication system Next, the operation of the wireless communication system 10 will be described. Specifically, the operation of the UE200's mobility control (including handover) using an AI / ML model will be described.

[0066] (3.1) Example of AI / ML Model Configuration Figure 4 shows a functional framework for RAN intelligence. Specifically, Figure 4 shows the functional framework for RAN intelligence as defined in 3GPP TR37.817.

[0067] As shown in Figure 4, the framework may include the following functions:

[0068] • Data collection: Provide input data to the model training and model inference functions.

[0069] • Model Training: Train, validate, and test the ML model. As part of the model testing procedure, you may generate performance metrics for the model.

[0070] The model training function may also be responsible for data preparation (data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.).

[0071] • Model inference: Provides AI / ML model inference output (such as prediction or decision). The model inference function may provide feedback on model performance to the model training function. The model inference function may also be responsible for data preparation (data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.).

[0072] • Actor: Receives output from the model inference function and triggers or performs the corresponding action.

[0073] Feedback can be interpreted as any information that may be necessary to derive training, inference data, or performance feedback.

[0074] As mentioned above, AI / ML models can be installed on the OAM / RIC40 (or gNB100), but AI / ML models trained on the OAM / RIC40 have an expiration date. Once this expiration date has passed (or even within the expiration date), the performance of the AI / ML model will degrade, and the AI / ML model will need to be retrained.

[0075] (3.2) Example of operation The following sections describe triggers for retraining (validating) AI / ML models, the data required for retraining, and examples of operations related to sending that data.

[0076] (3.2.1) Example of operation 1 Figure 5 shows an example sequence (part 1) for Mobility Optimization or handover procedures for UE200, and for retraining the AI / ML Model of UE200. Specifically, Figure 5 shows the procedure for training the AI / ML Model in OAM, etc., as defined in 3GPP TR37.817 Chapter 5.3.

[0077] As shown in Figure 5, gNB100 (NG-RAN node, hereafter the same) may include HOF / RLF-related information in the Model Performance Feedback (step 11) or Feedback (steps 13, 14) message. Note that HOF / RLF-related information may also be included in a newly defined Feedback message, rather than necessarily in these messages.

[0078] Figure 6 shows an example of HOF / RLF-related information. If the occurrence rate or frequency of the information shown in Figure 6 exceeds a predetermined threshold, gNB100 may send a Feedback message containing that information to OAM / RIC40.

[0079] The gNB100 may implicitly request retraining of the AI / ML Model by sending such a Feedback message. Alternatively, the gNB100 may explicitly request retraining of the AI / ML Model by sending a new message requesting model retraining.

[0080] Furthermore, gNB100 may periodically transmit HOF / RLF-related information, as shown in Figure 6, to OAM / RIC40. OAM / RIC40 may periodically (at regular intervals) validate the contents of the AI / ML Model and retrain the AI / ML Model as necessary.

[0081] The gNB100 may set a timer (which may also be called a valid timer) to determine the validity period of the AI / ML Model. When this timer expires, the gNB100 may send HOF / RLF-related information to the OAM / RIC40.

[0082] gNB100 may send HOF / RLF-related information to OAM / RIC40 upon request from OAM / RIC40. In this case, OAM / RIC40 may set a valid timer, and when that timer expires, OAM / RIC40 may request the transmission of HOF / RLF-related information.

[0083] OAM / RIC40 may use the HOF / RLF-related information transmitted from gNB100 as input to retrain the AI / ML Model. OAM / RIC40 may then send the retrained AI / ML Model back to gNB100.

[0084] Additionally, gNB100 may allow setting a threshold for the AI / ML Model's accuracy (confidence / accuracy score). The confidence / accuracy score is a numerical value between 0 and 1, indicating the likelihood that the AI / ML Model's output is correct.

[0085] Specifically, gNB100 and OAM / RIC40 may continue using the AI / ML Model for model inference if the confidence / accuracy score of the output of the model inference function (see Figure 4) exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0086] On the other hand, if the confidence / accuracy score of the output of the inference function (see Figure 4) falls below a predetermined threshold for N consecutive times or N times within a predetermined time, the AI / ML Model may not be used for model inference. In this case, the AI / ML Model may be retrained.

[0087] As shown in Figure 6, HOF / RLF-related information may include TimeConnFailure, timeConnSourceDAPSFailure, timeSinceFailure, HO interruption time, timeSinceCHOReconfig, and timeUntilReconnection.

[0088] TimeConnFailure indicates the elapsed time from the last HO initialization execution to the connection failure. timeConnSourceDAPSFailure indicates the elapsed time during T304 execution from the last DAPS handover execution to the radio link failure (RLF) detected in the source cell.

[0089] timeSinceFailure indicates the time elapsed since the connection (wireless link or handover) failed (in seconds). In the case of a DAPS handover-related failure (source, target, or both), this field may indicate the time elapsed since the most recent connection (wireless link or handover) failure.

[0090] HO interruption time indicates the elapsed time between the arrival time of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol Layer (PDCP) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) received from the source cell and the arrival time of the first non-overlapping PDCP PDU received from the target cell.

[0091] timeSinceCHOReconfig indicates the time elapsed from the start of the last Conditional reconfiguration (which may be interpreted as CHO) for the target cell to the reception of the latest Conditional reconfiguration for that target cell, in the event of a handover failure. In the case of a radio link failure, this field may indicate the time elapsed from the radio link failure to the reception of the latest Conditional reconfiguration while connected to the source PCell.

[0092] timeUntilReconnection indicates the time elapsed after a failed attempt to re-establish the connection, after a connection (radio link or handover) failure, until the UE next reaches RRC_CONNECTED in an NR or E-UTRA cell.

[0093] (3.2.2) Example of operation 2 Figure 7 shows an example sequence (part 2) for Mobility Optimization or handover procedures for the UE200, and for retraining the AI / ML Model of the UE200. In Figure 7, the AI / ML Model training function is installed on the gNB100.

[0094] As shown in Figure 7, the target gNB (T-gNB, gNB100) may obtain an RLF report or a successful handover report from UE200 (step 10) and send a feedback message to the source gNB (S-gNB) that includes HOF / RLF-related information based on the report (see Figure 6).

[0095] Alternatively, T-gNB may send a Feedback message to S-gNB that includes the contents of the RLF report or successful handover report.

[0096] (3.3) Example of RIC configuration Figure 8 shows an example of an RIC configuration based on the O-RAN architecture. As mentioned above, the OAM / RIC40 can receive HOF / RLF-related information and perform tasks such as training an AI / ML model.

[0097] As shown in Figure 8, the RIC may include a Near-Real Time RIC and / or a Non-Real Time RIC. The Near-Real Time RIC may be connected to the O-DU and Non-Real Time RIC via interfaces (A1, E2).

[0098] Furthermore, the Near-Real Time RIC may be connected to the O-eNB (radio base station) via an interface (E2). An RIC included in such an O-RAN architecture may constitute an OAM / RIC40.

[0099] In such an RIC architecture, performance feedback from the AI / ML Model may be provided to the Near-Real Time RIC or Non-Real Time RIC.

[0100] (4) Action and Effects According to the embodiment described above, the following effects can be obtained. Specifically, the gNB100 can send a Feedback message containing the HOF / RLF-related information described above to the OAM / RIC40 or the like.

[0101] Therefore, OAM / RIC40 can appropriately determine whether or not to retrain the AI / ML Model depending on the occurrence of HOF and RLF. This makes it possible to achieve optimal mobility (handover) of the UE200 using the AI / ML Model while maintaining the performance of the AI / ML Model.

[0102] (5) Other embodiments Although embodiments have been described above, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to those embodiments described and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0103] For example, in the embodiments described above, the Mobility Optimization or handover procedure of the UE200 (step 12 in Figure 5 and step 9 in Figure 7) was explained as an example. However, in procedures that contribute to minimizing the mobility of the UE200, specifically call drop, radio link (including beam) failure, unnecessary handovers, and ping-pong states (mobility optimization procedures), the HOF / RLF-related information described above may be transmitted and received.

[0104] Furthermore, in the above description, configure, activate, update, indicate, enable, specify, and select may be interpreted interchangeably. Similarly, link, associate, correspond, and map may be interpreted interchangeably, as may allocate, assign, monitor, and map.

[0105] Furthermore, "specific," "dedicated," "UE specific," and "UE individual" may be interpreted interchangeably. Similarly, "common," "shared," "group-common," "UE common," and "UE shared" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0106] Furthermore, the block diagrams (Figures 2 and 3) used in the description of the embodiments above show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0107] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, judgment, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In any case, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0108] Furthermore, the gNB100 and UE200 (the device) described above may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 9 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the device. As shown in Figure 9, the device may be configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, and bus 1007.

[0109] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the device may include one or more of the devices shown in the diagram, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0110] Each functional block of the device (see Figures 2 and 3) is implemented by any hardware element of the computer device, or a combination of such hardware elements.

[0111] Furthermore, each function in the device is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of data reading and writing in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0112] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may consist of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, and so on.

[0113] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. Moreover, the above-mentioned various processes may be executed by one processor 1001, or by two or more processors 1001 simultaneously or sequentially. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0114] Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), etc. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store a program (program code), software modules, etc., that can execute a method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0115] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc, a digital multipurpose disc, a Blu-ray® disc), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device. The recording medium described above may also be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0116] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver / receiver device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc.

[0117] The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).

[0118] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0119] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0120] Furthermore, the device may include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented by such hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0121] Furthermore, notification of information is not limited to the embodiments / models described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or combinations thereof. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0122] Each aspect / embodiment described herein may be applied to at least one of the following: Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA®, GSM®, CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, and other appropriate systems, as well as next-generation systems extended based thereon. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0123] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be reordered, provided they are consistent with each other. For example, the methods described herein present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0124] The specific operations described in this disclosure as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station and at least one other network node (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station, it may also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0125] Information and signals (such as data) can be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). Input and output may occur via multiple network nodes.

[0126] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to other devices.

[0127] The determination may be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0128] Each aspect / embodiment described herein may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during implementation. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (e.g., by not providing such notification).

[0129] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0130] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0131] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different technologies. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0132] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0133] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0134] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a given value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0135] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Since various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0136] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)," "wireless base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0137] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).

[0138] The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base stations and base station subsystems that provide communication services in this coverage.

[0139] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0140] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0141] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operation. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0142] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "mobile station" (user terminal, hereinafter the same). For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a mobile station is replaced with communication between multiple mobile stations (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the mobile station may have the functions that a base station has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be interpreted as side channel.

[0143] Similarly, the term "mobile station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "base station." In this case, the base station may be configured to have the functions that a mobile station has. A wireless frame may consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of these one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0144] Numerology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerology may include, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0145] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol). A slot may also be a time unit based on neurology.

[0146] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0147] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Different names may be used for each of these terms.

[0148] For example, one subframe may be called a Transmit Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0149] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0150] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Given a TTI, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) to which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0151] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0152] A TTI with a time length of 1ms may also be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0153] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0154] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0155] Furthermore, the time domain of the RB may contain one or more symbols and may be the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0156] One or more RBs may also be called a Physical RB (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0157] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0158] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology on a given carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the carrier's common reference point. PRBs may be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0159] A BWP may include BWPs for UL (UL BWP) and BWPs for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be set within a single carrier for a UE.

[0160] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0161] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0162] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variation thereof, mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0163] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as Reference Signal (RS), and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0164] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0165] In the configuration of each of the above devices, "means" may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0166] Any reference to elements using designations such as “First,” “Second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to the First and Second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed therein, or that the First element must precede the Second element in any way.

[0167] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0168] In this disclosure, if articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0169] As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining. “Determining” may also include, for example, receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after some action. Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0170] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0171] Figure 10 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 10, vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0172] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel performed by the user. The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0173] Signals from various sensors 2021-2028 include current signals from the current sensor 2021 that senses motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals obtained by the rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals obtained by the air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by the acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals obtained by the accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals obtained by the brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals obtained by the shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by the object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0174] The Information Services Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Services Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of Vehicle 1.

[0175] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also sends and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0176] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 1 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via its communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2028 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0177] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0178] The communication module 2013 transmits current signals from current sensors input to the electronic control unit 2010 to an external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 also transmits, via wireless communication, other signals input to the electronic control unit 2010, including front and rear wheel rotation speed signals obtained by the rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals obtained by the air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by the acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals obtained by the accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals obtained by the brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals obtained by the shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by the object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0179] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 installed in the vehicle. The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in memory 2032, which is available to the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2028, etc., installed in the vehicle 2001.

[0180] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0181] 10 Wireless Communication Systems 20 NG-RAN 40 OAM / RIC 100 gNB 110 Wireless Communication Section 120 Handover Processing Unit 130 AI / ML Modeling Section 140 Control Unit 200 UE 210 Wireless Communication Section 220 Measurement report section 230 Handover Execution Unit 240 Control Unit 1001 Processor 1002 memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive Unit 2003 Steering Department 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift Lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Department 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 Rotation speed sensor 2023 Pneumatic Sensor 2024 Vehicle Speed ​​Sensor 2025 Accelerometer 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driver Support Systems Department 2031 Microprocessor 2032 memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication Port

Claims

1. A control unit that executes a procedure for optimizing the mobility of a device based on the results of model inference using a learning model, In the mobility optimization procedure, a transmitting unit transmits a message containing information regarding terminal handover, radio link, or beam failure to an entity performing operation and maintenance. A wireless base station equipped with the necessary equipment.

2. The wireless base station according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the message containing information about a timer set for the terminal.

3. The wireless base station according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the message containing information regarding the failure of the random access procedure of the terminal.

4. The wireless base station according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the message when the frequency of the fault exceeds a threshold.

5. The wireless base station according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the message when the timer for measuring the validity period of the learning model expires.

6. The wireless base station performs a procedure to optimize terminal mobility based on the results of model inference using a learning model, The steps include the wireless base station transmitting a message containing information regarding terminal handover, wireless link, or beam failure to an entity performing operational maintenance in the mobility optimization procedure, and Wireless communication methods including

Images