Method and system for identifying vibration transmission in the orbital region

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for determining vibration transmission in the area of ​​a track (4), in which the track (4) is vibrated during a work process by means of a working assembly (12, 13) of a track construction machine (1) running on the track (4), the vibrations (19, 28) transmitted through the track (4) are measured by means of a sensor (20) spaced apart from the working assembly (12, 13), and the measurement data of the sensor (20) are evaluated in an evaluation device (25), in which the position of the sensor (20) relative to the working assembly (12, 13) is set in the evaluation device (25), and a correlation is determined in the evaluation device (25) between the vibration effects of the working assembly (12, 13) detected by the sensor (20) and the distance (r) from the working assembly (12, 13) to the sensor (20). This method according to the invention has the advantage that the vibration effects of the working assembly can be detected in real time at the location of the sensor.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for identifying vibration transmission in the region of a track, wherein the track is vibrated during a work process using a work assembly of a track construction machine running on the track, the vibrations transmitted through the track are measured using a sensor spaced apart from the work assembly, and the measurement data from the sensor is evaluated in an evaluation device. The present invention further relates to a system for carrying out the method. [Background technology]

[0002] The method described at the beginning is known from AT521420A1. This method uses a track construction machine that travels along a track and is equipped with a work assembly. During the work process, vibrations are applied to the track using the work assembly and used to calibrate sensors that extend along the track. In this case, vibration transmission in the track region is identified by an evaluation device that derives the characteristics of vibration transmission from the vibration values ​​of the work assembly, the position data of the track construction machine, and the measurement data of the sensors.

[0003] As a further consequence, the sensors calibrated in this way can be used to monitor the track section. Specifically, the sensors are used to locate sound or vibration sources in the track section being monitored. Of particular interest is the actual position of railway vehicles traveling on the track section. Moreover, defects occurring along the track section can also be detected using the sensors. Changes in sound wave propagation can be used to detect track imperfections such as the formation of wavy wear on the rail head, track undulation, hollow layers, sleeper defects, and similar issues. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] The fundamental problem of the present invention is to improve the method of the type described at the beginning so that the work processes carried out by track construction machinery proceed more efficiently and without hindrance. A further problem of the present invention is to provide an improved system for operating track construction machinery efficiently and without hindrance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to the present invention, the above problems are solved by the features described in independent claims 1 and 13. The dependent claims represent advantageous embodiments of the present invention.

[0006] The position of the sensor relative to the work assembly is set in the evaluation device, and the correlation between the vibration action of the work assembly detected by the sensor and the distance from the work assembly to the sensor is identified in the evaluation device. Therefore, according to the present invention, the position-dependent vibration action of the work assembly is evaluated using the position of the sensor. Specifically, the detected vibration action is correlated with the distance from the sensor to the work assembly.

[0007] In contrast, in the known method using the AT521420A1 mentioned at the beginning, the position of the sensor, or the distance between the sensor and the work assembly, is not considered in order to calibrate the sensor. The position of the work assembly is simply detected and evaluated together with the sensor signal in order to compare the sensor signal with the position of the work assembly.

[0008] The method according to the present invention has the advantage of being able to detect the vibration action of a work assembly in real time at the location of the sensor. This information can be used to optimize the work process of track construction machinery while simultaneously avoiding damage to equipment surrounding the track. According to the method according to the present invention, it is possible to identify the propagation of vibrations caused by track construction machinery and to observe the process-dependent equipment around the track construction machinery that deserves protection.

[0009] Advantageously, to identify the vibrational effects of the work assembly, acceleration and / or vibration velocity are measured using sensors. In particular, fixed-position sensors measure acceleration or vibration velocity in three orthogonal spatial directions. In this case, it is beneficial for the sensors to be coupled to a processor in order to perform local partial analysis of the detected sensor values.

[0010] In an advanced version of this method, the sensor's measurement data and, preferably, the sensor's position data are transmitted to the evaluation device via a wireless data connection. The transmission of position data is useful when the sensor's position has not yet been set on the evaluation device, either by the operator or by transmission from data memory.

[0011] For example, a sensor is coupled to a GNSS receiver to determine its position. The corresponding sensor unit includes the sensor and a power storage unit to supply energy to the GNSS receiver and, in some cases, the analysis processor. The advantage of such a sensor unit is its flexible usability. Mounting to equipment worthy of protection is only done temporarily to monitor the vibrational effects of track construction machinery.

[0012] In a further improved version of this method, characteristic parameters of vibrations generated by the work assembly are set in the evaluation device, and the measurement data is compared with these characteristic parameters. For example, the operating parameters of the vibration drive device are used as characteristic parameters of the generated vibrations (e.g., the motor speed of the eccentric drive device).

[0013] In addition to or instead of this, it is meaningful to directly detect vibration parameters in the work assembly using a corresponding sensor system. In this way, vibrations in the work assembly are measured in conjunction with the process, and vibrations in the surrounding environment are measured simultaneously. The detected data for emission (dynamic excitation by the machine) and exposure (vibrations detected using sensors) are then geometrically related as a further consequence.

[0014] In this case, it is advantageous to vibrate the track at intervals using multiple work assemblies of the track construction machine, and to associate the measurement data with the corresponding work assembly based on the characteristic parameters of the vibrations generated by each work assembly. For example, the vibrations are caused by the compaction assembly and the stabilization assembly (dynamic track stabilizer, DGS). Other assemblies (forehead compactor, mid-section compactor, etc.) can also be used as vibration sources in the sense of the present invention. In this case, an evaluation algorithm is configured within the evaluation device to distinguish between exposure to vibrations caused by the track construction machine and exposure to vibrations originating from other sources, based on predetermined characteristic vibration excitations.

[0015] This method is further improved by using an evaluation device to derive transfer functions and / or damping functions from identified correlations. The transfer functions or damping functions reproduce local conditions and enable real-time predictions regarding vibration propagation.

[0016] Therefore, it is advantageous to use an evaluation device to calculate continuous vibration predictions using transfer functions and / or damping functions. Such predictions form the basis for determining whether measures to reduce vibrations are necessary when approaching a protected object monitored by sensors. The effectiveness of such measures can be immediately recognized based on the sensor measurement data transmitted to the evaluation device.

[0017] In an advanced version of this method, the positions of multiple sensors are set in the evaluation device, and for each sensor in the evaluation device, the correlation between the detected vibration and the corresponding distance from the work assembly to the sensor is identified. In this way, multiple fixed measurement points are monitored simultaneously.

[0018] The improvement of the entire work process is achieved by having the track construction machinery automatically controlled according to the output variables of the evaluation device. This ensures compliance with the set vibration limits without requiring the operator to bear this task.

[0019] An advantage of this improvement is that the output variable is compared to a threshold, and in particular, if the output variable is approaching the threshold, the process parameters of the work process are changed. For example, if the vibration detected at one or more measurement points reaches a set threshold, vibration reduction is performed (e.g., control to reduce the vibration amplitude of the work assembly).

[0020] In a further embodiment of the present invention, vibration propagation in the longitudinal direction of the track is detected using sensors placed on the track construction machine. This track-related measurement of vibration propagation makes it possible to determine the system stiffness (track-ground).

[0021] This method is advantageously developed by calculating numerical models of the interaction systems formed by track construction machinery and tracks, and particularly by using these numerical models to calculate soil mechanics parameters. In this way, it becomes possible to perform a comprehensive assessment of the ground conditions.

[0022] The system according to the invention for carrying out the method described above includes a track construction machine, which includes a working assembly for vibrating the track on which the track construction machine travels. The system further includes a sensor spaced apart from the working assembly for measuring the vibration transmitted through the track. In this case, the track construction machine further includes an evaluation device in which the position of the sensor relative to the working assembly is set, and the evaluation device is configured to identify the correlation between the vibration action of the working assembly detected by the sensor and the distance from the working assembly to the sensor. This result is provided online to the operator of the track construction machine, so that it can react in a timely manner to the fact that the integrity value is about to be exceeded and can demonstrably prevent such an excess. In this case, influencing the working assembly is carried out manually or by automatic control of process parameters. Furthermore, compliance with the limit values can be documented in real time.

[0023] In an advantageous development, the sensor is coupled to a position detection system and a transmission device for transmitting position data, and the track construction machine includes a receiving device for receiving the position data. In this way, after a change in the position of the sensor and / or the track construction machine, automatic updating of the position data set in the evaluation device with respect to the working assembly is carried out.

[0024] In another advantageous development, the sensor is arranged on the track construction machine, and is configured especially as an acceleration sensor arranged on the rail trolley. Thereby, it becomes possible to detect the propagation of vibration in the longitudinal direction of the track construction machine in order to identify the system stiffness of the track. Based on these results, it is possible to inspect the uniformity of the compaction results of a working assembly (such as a ramming assembly, a stabilization assembly, etc.) for compacting the ballast bed of the track. Furthermore, the support behavior of the track or ground to be processed can be identified.

[0025] Hereinafter, the present invention will be exemplarily described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] [Figure 1] This figure shows a track construction machine equipped with a compaction assembly and a stabilization assembly. [Figure 2] This figure shows a track construction machine that transmits vibrations. [Figure 3] This is a plan view of the measuring device. [Figure 4] This is a diagram of vibration propagation. [Figure 5] This is a diagram showing vibration propagation in the longitudinal direction. [Figure 6] This figure shows the phase position of vibration propagation. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0027] The track construction machine 1 shown in Figure 1 is a compaction machine equipped with a so-called dynamic track stabilizer as a combination type. The machine 1 includes two connected machine frames 2 that can travel on the track 4 on a rail bogie 3. The track 4 includes a track structure 7 consisting of rails 5 and sleepers 6 mounted on the rails 5, and the track structure 7 is supported by a track bed consisting of track ballast 8. Beneath this ballast track bed, there is basically a subgrade protection layer (Planumsschutzschicht: PSS) 9, which is placed on the subgrade or ground 11 together with an intermediate layer 10 which is a supporting layer made of recycled material in some cases.

[0028] The working assemblies are, for example, a tamping assembly 12 and a stabilization assembly 13. Other working assemblies, such as a front compactor or a mid-section compactor, may also be used to apply vibration to the track 4. The tamping assembly 12 tamps the track ballast 8 beneath the track 7, while the track 7 is held in the target position by the lifting and leveling assembly 14. Specifically, the tamping process is carried out using tamping pickaxes 15 positioned in pairs facing each other, which penetrate the gaps between the sleepers 6.

[0029] The compaction assembly 12 includes an assembly frame in which a tool support is supported on a vertical guide. The tool support supports swivel arms positioned opposite each other, which are capable of being vibrated and tightened against each other. For this purpose, the upper lever arm of each swivel arm is coupled to a vibration drive (excitation drive) via a corresponding tightening drive. For example, a hydraulic cylinder is connected on one side to a corresponding swivel arm and supported on the other side to a rotating eccentric shaft. Alternatively, a hydraulic cylinder for tightening and vibration generation may be provided. One or two compaction pickaxes 15 are attached to the lower lever arm of each swivel arm.

[0030] The compaction pickaxes 15 are dynamically excited by a vibration drive device (dynamic opening and closing of the tongs formed from the compaction pickaxes 15 positioned opposite each other). This dynamic excitation causes the track ballast 8 to transition to a state similar to flow. The combined tightening process of the compaction pickaxes 15 positioned opposite each other (slow closing of the tongs) causes the dynamically mobilized track ballast 8 to be compacted beneath each sleeper 6.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2, the compaction device 12 may include multiple rows of compaction pickaxes 15 positioned facing each other to enable simultaneous processing of multiple sleepers 6. Each of these rows has its own vibration drive, and the frequency of the dynamic excitation is continuously changed to suit the work process. In this case, it is desirable that the individual rows of compaction pickaxes vibrate at approximately the same frequency, but precise synchronization of phase positions is not necessarily required.

[0032] During the work process, the track construction machine 1 travels in the working direction 16 at a constant, slow speed. During this time, a so-called satellite 17, equipped with a tamping assembly 12 and supported by the machine frame 2, periodically moves back and forth relative to the main machine. In this way, the tamping assembly 12 remains positioned above each sleeper 6 for the duration of the tamping process. After the completion of the tamping process, the satellite 17 moves forward in the working direction 16 relative to the main machine at an increased speed. After this upward movement, the satellite 17 is braked, positioning the tamping assembly 12 directly above the next sleeper 6 to be tamped downward.

[0033] At the start of the subsequent compaction process, the compaction pickaxes 15, positioned opposite each other, are lowered into the track ballast 8 at a high excitation frequency. At this stage, the vibration action of the compaction assembly 12 acts on the surroundings. Subsequently, the pair of compaction pickaxes slowly close (tightening motion) at a relatively low excitation frequency, transporting the dynamically moved track ballast 8 below each sleeper 6. Furthermore, the ballast 8 located beneath the processed sleepers 6 is compacted. Finally, by moving the tool support of the compaction assembly 12 upward, the pair of compaction pickaxes is withdrawn again from the track ballast 8 with an opening motion. Specifically, the tool support supported by the assembly frame in the compaction assembly 12 moves further upward. The vibration action of the compaction assembly 12 ends as contact between the compaction pickaxes 15 and the track ballast 8 is lost.

[0034] If necessary, the entire tightening process described above can be repeated multiple times in one location. After that, the satellite 17 recovers the distance the main machine has advanced and is precisely positioned above the next sleeper 6 to be processed.

[0035] Data related to vibration action at each individual position of the satellite 17 or work assembly 12 are measured using the sensor device 18 or are known due to the process. This data includes the moment when the tamping pickaxe 15 makes contact with the ground (descends), the frequency of the vibration drive, the start and end of the tamping motion, the loss of contact when the tamping pickaxe 15 ascends, and the current orientation of the tamping assembly 12 relative to the trajectory 4.

[0036] A characteristic feature of the vibration action of the compaction assembly 12 is its intermittent progression 19 (propagation of vibration originating from the compaction assembly 12). The measured progression of vibration 21, measured using surrounding sensors 20, includes the superposition of vibrations originating from the operation of the track construction machine 1 and all vibrations originating from surrounding external and internal vibration sources. Figure 3 illustrates the vibrations 22 from external interference sources and the vibrations 23 from internal interference sources located within the monitored protected object 24. The characteristic intermittent progression 19 and accurate determination of the time the compaction pickaxe 15 is in contact with the track ballast 8 make it possible to distinguish the vibration action of the compaction assembly 12 from other measured vibrations.

[0037] Since the current position of the compaction assembly 12 and the fixed position of the sensor 20 are known, the current distance r between the emission source (work assembly 12) and the measurement point (sensor 20) is also known. Specifically, these positions are set in the evaluation device 25 to determine the current distance r. The evaluation device 25 is further to which the vibration value identified by the sensor 20 is transmitted. For this purpose, the sensor 20 is connected to the evaluation device 25, advantageously via a wireless data connection 26. A computer program is configured in the evaluation device 25 to determine the correlation between the vibration action of the work assembly 12 detected by the sensor 20 and the distance r from the work assembly 12 to the sensor 20.

[0038] The stabilization assembly 13 moves continuously along the track 4 in the working direction 16 together with the track construction machine 1. The assembly 13 includes a regulating oscillator, which provides dynamic excitation in the horizontal (and in special cases, vertical) direction normal to the track axis 27, with an amplitude that is continuously adjustable. The stabilization assembly 13 is supported by the machine frame 2 via a hydraulic cylinder and presses against the track 7 with a predetermined force. In this process, the stabilization assembly 13 grips the rails 5 of the track 4 using flanged rollers (expansion axis) and clamp rollers (roller clamps). As a result, vibrations of the stabilization assembly 13 caused by the dynamic excitation are transmitted to the track 4 and, consequently, to the surrounding area.

[0039] The track 4, which has been previously moved to a new orientation using the lifting and leveling assembly 14 and the compaction assembly 12, is then rocked into the track ballast 8 by the stabilization assembly 13. During this process, the track ballast 8 is further compacted, thereby stabilizing the new track orientation. This process is accompanied by an increase in the lateral displacement resistance of the track 4. The vibrations 28 required for the compaction process are transmitted to the ground 11 (propagation of vibrations caused by the stabilization assembly 13). The resulting vibrations 21 are measurable by the sensor 20 in the surrounding area.

[0040] Multiple stabilization assemblies 13 can be used in succession. These multiple stabilization assemblies 13 are preferably mechanically connected, and therefore necessarily synchronized with each other in the correct phase. If the sensor 20 (location of observation) is reasonably far from these synchronized stabilization assemblies 13, the vibrational action of these stabilization assemblies 13 cannot be distinguished from the vibrational action of a single, hypothetical individual assembly of corresponding magnitude. Therefore, as a further consequence, only the action of a single stabilization assembly 13 is processed. However, this principle also applies to multiple synchronized (and possibly unsynchronized) stabilization assemblies 13.

[0041] The vibration characteristics of the stabilization assembly 13 are that it is excited by harmonics (sine waves). The frequency and phase position can be precisely determined using the sensor device 18 or are known due to the process. The vibration action of the stabilization assembly 13 can be uniquely distinguished from other influences on the measurement point when analyzing the vibration 21 using the sensor 20 (measurement point). The current position of the stabilization assembly 13 and the fixed position of the sensor 20 allow us to determine the current distance r between the vibration source and the measurement point. This distance r is correlated with the vibration action of the stabilization assembly 13 detected by the evaluation device 25.

[0042] The compaction assembly 12 and the stabilization assembly 13 are defined as primary vibration sources in this method. The above characteristics of the vibrations caused by these sources 12 and 13 enable the separation of the residual portion of secondary vibration sources (background noise) acting on the track construction machine 1 at the measurement point from the influence of external disturbances. For this separation, a computer program is configured in the evaluation device 25 to investigate the changes in residual vibrations associated with the approach of the track construction machine 1 to the sensor 20 (measurement point) and the departure of the track construction machine 1 from the sensor 20 (measurement point).

[0043] In particular, as the data layer increases due to multiple sensors 20 (numerous measurement points), it becomes increasingly possible to clearly distinguish between the characteristic patterns of the primary vibration sources 12 and 13 of the track construction machine 1 and the characteristic patterns of the secondary vibration sources. This makes it possible to uniquely distinguish vibrations caused by the track construction machine 1 from vibrations from external vibration sources (traffic, other machinery, etc.). As a result, the computational power required to separate the vibration sources decreases as the duration of this method progresses.

[0044] Figure 4 shows the correlation between vibration and the distance from the dynamic excitation to the measurement position, ideally as a log-log plot. Specifically, the horizontal axis plots the distance r between the vibration source (work assemblies 12, 13) and the sensor 20. The vertical axis plots the vibration velocity v as the magnitude of the vibration wave field. (r)The data is plotted. The measured vibration values ​​29 of the compaction assembly 12 are shown as small circles. The vibration propagation function 30 of the vibrations from the compaction assembly 12 is shown as a solid line. This line is obtained from the best fit of the exponential damping function to the measured values ​​29 and is a straight line on a log-log plot.

[0045] The vibration measurements 31 of the stabilization assembly 13 are shown as small squares. In this case, it is assumed that the amplitude setting is fixed. The vibration propagation function 32 of the vibration by the stabilization assembly 13 is shown as a thick dotted line and is obtained from the corresponding optimal fit.

[0046] The measured values ​​33 of vibrations (background noise) originating from secondary sources in track construction machine 1 are shown as small crosses. The vibration propagation function 34 of the secondary vibrations is shown as a thin dotted line, which is also obtained from the corresponding optimal fit.

[0047] The relationship shown in Figure 4 can be evaluated using a computer program implemented in the evaluation device 25. This allows for accurate predictions of expected vibrations to be made immediately and in real time on-site. Based on these predictions, an algorithm is used to determine whether measures to reduce vibrations are necessary if the protected object 24, which is monitored by the sensor 20, is being approached more closely. For example, the algorithm compares the actual measured value with a threshold that must not be exceeded.

[0048] To influence vibration, the evaluation device 25 is coupled to the machine control device 35. For example, if the limit value of the machine control device 35 is about to be exceeded, a reduction in vibration amplitude is set. As a result of such measures, control is performed to reduce the amplitude of the compaction assembly 12 and / or stabilization assembly 13. The effectiveness of this measure can be immediately recognized based on continuously detected measurements 29, 31, 33.

[0049] The documentation of adherence to predefined corrective and limit values ​​is performed based on the progression of measured values, and in this process, excesses due to external disturbances can be marked. Thus, this method makes it possible to verifiable and reproducible associate the measured vibrations 21 with excitation sources (compaction assembly 12, stabilization assembly 13, secondary vibration sources of the track construction machine 1, and external excitation sources not included in the range of the track construction machine 1).

[0050] The fixed-position sensor 20 detects acceleration or vibration velocity v in three orthogonal spatial directions. (r) The following measurements are taken. Depending on the case, the measurements 29, 31, 33, which have already been locally partially analyzed, are combined with the positions of the respective sensors 20 and transmitted wirelessly to the evaluation device 25 of the track construction machine 1 for evaluation. For example, each sensor 20 is located in a single common housing together with a GNSS receiver 36. The evaluation device 25 may be integrated into the existing processor unit of the track construction machine 1.

[0051] Further data is detected in the tamping assembly 12 of the track construction machine 1 using a sensor device 18. Specifically, the acceleration of at least one tamping pickaxe 15, the progression of its vibration frequency, and the timing of the contact phase (the start and end of the duration of contact between the tamping pickaxe 15 and the track ballast 8) are detected. Methods and apparatus for detecting this data are disclosed in the applicant's publication AT520056A1. Furthermore, the current position of the tamping assembly 12 is recorded using a GNSS receiving module 36 and / or by internal measurement.

[0052] In the regulating oscillator of the stabilization assembly 13, a rotating unbalanced mass is typically used to generate vibrations. For example, the position (phase) of this unbalanced mass and the acceleration of the vibrations transmitted to the track 7 are measured using a sensor device 18. The current setting of the continuously adjustable amplitude and the current position of the stabilization assembly 13 are also recorded (GNSS receiver 36 and / or internal measurement).

[0053] As a criterion for vibration determination, the peak value v of the vibration velocity vectorially added r can be used. This value is clear from the current regulations and standards (e.g., OENORM S 9020, vibration protection for above-ground and underground facilities):

Number

[0054] As the exponential propagation law (attenuation function), the following equation: v (r) =v (1) ·r D can be used, where v (r) ··· the vibration velocity (the peak value of the vectorially added spatial components) at the distance r between the prediction position and the excitation source; v (1) ··· the theoretical vibration velocity at a distance of 1 m (however, the propagation law only applies in the far field); D··· the attenuation exponent (the slope of the compensation straight line in the double logarithmic diagram of FIG. 4) is. In addition to the simple propagation law according to the above equation, other propagation laws or spline functions (best fit) can also be used.

[0055] By using the sensor system and methodology used according to the present invention, it becomes possible to relate in real time the measurements in the track construction machine 1 and the measurements at a fixed point where the instrument is attached, taking into account the geometric ratio (distance), and thus it becomes possible to reliably and demonstrably prevent unacceptable vibrations caused by the track construction machine 1.

[0056] In the method shown in Figure 3, the sensor 20 is attached to a protective object (such as a living space, building, or vibrating underground structure) before or during the trajectory processing. If the sensor 20 is covered and automatic positioning by GNSS is not possible, the position of the sensor 20 or the distance to the work assemblies 12 and 13 is manually entered.

[0057] In a further method included in the present invention, the system stiffness of the track 4 is measured in relation to the vehicle. To perform such vehicle-related measurements of vibration propagation in the longitudinal direction of the track construction machine 1, a sensor 20 is mounted on a selected measuring axis 37. The sensor 20 measures vibration at a distance r from each of the work assemblies 12, 13. In this case, the respective distance r1 between the measuring axis 37 or sensor 20 and the stabilization assembly 13 is kept constant. In a device with a satellite 17, the distance from the compaction assembly 13 is variable but always known. Figure 5 illustrates the measurement principle based on the assumption that the instrument is mounted on only one measuring axis 37.

[0058] The known constant frequency of the stabilization assembly 13 (excited horizontally and / or vertically) allows for the isolation and analysis of the corresponding frequency component from the measurement signal of the sensor 20, separate from other vibrations. The amplitude of the signal is identified, and its phase position relative to the dynamic excitation by the stabilization assembly 13 is investigated. If the process parameters of the track construction machine 1 (travel speed, frequency, amplitude, contact pressure, etc.) are kept constant, any possible changes in vibration can be easily correlated to the track 4 and the ground 11. The more rigid the track 7 and the ground 11, the faster the surface wave propagation speed. This allows for the uniformity of the support behavior of the track 4 to be incorporated into the work and inspected.

[0059] In addition to or instead of this, vibrations of the compacted assembly 12 can also be used for stiffness analysis, taking into account the dispersion of surface waves (various propagation velocities at various frequencies) and variable distance.

[0060] Multiple measurement axes 37 (axles of the rail trolley 3 equipped with sensors 20) make it possible to reliably determine the vibration wave field, propagation speed, and, consequently, the uniformity of the rigidity behavior.

[0061] The measurement principle will be explained with reference to Figure 6. A stabilization assembly 13 is located at the rear of the track construction machine 1, which moves at a constant speed, and excites the track structure 7 vertically at a constant frequency. The machine 1 travels along the track structure 7, which has a predetermined mass and a predetermined bending stiffness in each dynamic excitation direction (e.g., the vertical direction). The higher the stiffness of the bending support, the faster the wave propagation speed and the longer the wavelength λ. Due to wave dispersion, waves with high frequencies have a faster propagation speed in the bending support than waves with low frequencies.

[0062] The track 7 is stationary on the ballast bed 8, the superstructure and substructure of the track 4, and the ground 11. The higher the overall rigidity of the structure, the faster the wave propagation speed and the longer the wavelength λ. However, according to half-space theory, the opposite relationship also holds for bending supports. Due to wave dispersion, high-frequency waves have a slower propagation speed than low-frequency waves in isotropically elastic half-space.

[0063] The actual vibration state of the dynamic interaction system, including the following system components, namely the stabilization assembly 13 (with predetermined excitation), the track 7, the laminated structure (superstructure, substructure), the ground 11, and the elastic wheelset of the track bogie 3, is measured at individual points. Sensors 20 are mounted at predetermined positions on the track construction machine 1. For example, the axle of the elastic wheelset is formed as the measuring axis 37. Alternatively, non-contact optical or other measuring systems may be used to detect vibrations. Advantageously, a numerical model of this interaction system is identified in the evaluation device 25 using a computer program configured for this purpose. This numerical model is, as a further consequence, used to predict the vibrational action of the work assemblies 12,13 around the track construction machine 1.

[0064] Surface waves are ideally shown with respect to the stiff behavior (vibration geometry 38) and flexible behavior (vibration geometry 39) of the interacting system. In this case, it can be seen that the wavelength λ is longer in the case of relatively stiff behavior than in the case of flexible behavior. In both cases, the phase position is plotted in relation to the excitation (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, etc.).

[0065] Measurements at individual points do not allow for a direct view of the entire depicted waveform; only the individual phase positions 40 at measurement point 37 are known. The exact integer multiples of 360° between the excitation point 41 and each measurement point 37 are initially unknown in transient states with a constant frequency. However, this can be determined by tracking the start-up process or by observing the expected frequency change, thereby identifying the absolute wavelength λ.

[0066] The more measurement axes 37 are arranged, the more unique and accurate the determination of the wavelength λ becomes. Numerical simulations of the entire interaction system allow for corresponding interpretations of the measurement results.

[0067] A simple yet highly accurate determination of changes in the rigidity behavior of the interaction system is possible solely through individual measurement points 37, without the need to know the precise parameters of the entire interaction system. If the phase position 40 changes due to softening of the behavior, for example, the upper vibration shape 38 will transition to the lower vibration shape 39. This change can be recognized at the forward measurement point 37 by an increase in the phase angle from approximately 140° to approximately 250°.

[0068] In this way, by using an increase in phase angle as an indicator of a decrease in system stiffness, and vice versa, the detection of changes in stiffness (relative measurement) becomes highly reliable simply by observing the phase position 40 at each measurement point 37. In this case, zero crossing is continuously considered. Zero crossing describes the change in the number of wavelengths λ within the distance r between the excitation point 41 and the measurement point 37.

[0069] If the mechanical parameters are kept constant and the rail structure 7 is guaranteed to have constant rigidity characteristics by inspection of the rail fastening device, then any changes in the overall system rigidity may be due to changes in the track bed (superstructure, substructure, and ground).

[0070] A stabilization assembly 13 can be used for non-contact inspection of the rail fastening device. The expansion force, which is modified by the expansion axis of the stabilization assembly 13, is applied to the rail 5. At the same time, the actual track gauge width of the track truss 7 at the excitation point 41 is continuously detected by an appropriate sensor system. From the resulting change in track gauge width, it is possible to estimate the state of the rail fastening device. For example, if the rail fastening device is loose, the measured track gauge width will increase as a result of the vibration of the rail head when the expansion force is applied.

[0071] Vibration transmission from the excitation device (stabilization assembly 13) to the measuring shaft 37 via the frame of the track construction machine 1 can be avoided by dynamic isolation.

[0072] The above-described method for vehicle-related measurements is one of several determination methods using the track construction machine 1. Further methods are disclosed in the applicant's AT520056A1 and AT521481A1. The varying sensitivities of the track 4 and the various measurement areas result in advantages from a comprehensive interpretation of the track condition across the methods. The various non-uniformities detected by each method can be better interpreted in overview. In particular, a better correspondence to individual structural elements of the track 4 can be implemented. Thus, the present invention contributes to improving the overall real-time determination of the track condition.

Claims

1. A method for identifying vibration transmission in the region of orbit (4), In a method in which, during the work process, the track (4) is vibrated using the work assembly (12, 13) of a track construction machine (1) running on the track (4), the vibrations (19, 28) transmitted through the track (4) are measured using a sensor (20) spaced apart from the work assembly (12, 13), and the measurement data from the sensor (20) is evaluated by an evaluation device (25), A method characterized in that the position of the sensor (20) relative to the work assembly (12, 13) is set in the evaluation device (25), and the correlation between the vibration action of the work assembly (12, 13) detected by the sensor (20) and the current distance (r) from the work assembly (12, 13) to the sensor (20) is identified in the evaluation device (25).

2. To identify the vibration action of the work assemblies (12, 13), the sensor (20) is used to determine the acceleration and / or vibration velocity (v （ｒ） The method according to claim 1, wherein ) is measured.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the measurement data of the sensor (20) and the position data of the sensor (20) are transmitted to the evaluation device (25) via a wireless data connection (26).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein characteristic parameters of vibration generated by the work assembly (12, 13) are set in the evaluation device (25), and the measurement data is compared with the characteristic parameters.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the track (4) is vibrated at points (41) spaced apart from each other using a plurality of work assemblies (12, 13) of the track construction machine (1), and the measurement data is associated with the corresponding work assembly (12, 13) based on the characteristic parameters of the vibration generated by each of the work assemblies (12, 13).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a transfer function and / or damping function are derived from the identified correlation using the evaluation device (25).

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein a continuous vibration prediction is calculated using the evaluation device (25) and the transfer function and / or the damping function.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the positions of a plurality of sensors (20) are set in the evaluation device (25), and in the evaluation device (25), a correlation between the detected vibration action and the corresponding distance (r) from the work assembly (12, 13) to the sensor (20) is identified for each sensor (20).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the track construction machine (1) is automatically controlled according to the output variable of the evaluation device (25).

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the output variable is compared with a threshold, and if the output variable is approaching the threshold, the process parameters of the work process are changed.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein vibration propagation (19, 28) in the longitudinal direction of the track is detected using a sensor (20) placed on the track construction machine (1).

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a numerical model of the interaction system formed by a track construction machine (1) and a track (4) is calculated, and soil mechanics parameters are calculated using the numerical model.

13. A system for carrying out the method described in any one of claims 1 to 12, A track construction machine (1) includes a work assembly (12, 13) for vibrating a track (4) on which the track construction machine (1) travels, and a sensor (20) spaced apart from the work assembly (12, 13) for measuring vibrations (19, 28) transmitted through the track (4), The system is characterized in that the track construction machine (1) includes an evaluation device (25) in which the position of the sensor (20) relative to the work assembly (12, 13) is set, and the evaluation device (25) is configured to identify a correlation between the vibration action of the work assembly (12, 13) detected by the sensor (20) and the current distance (r) from the work assembly (12, 13) to the sensor (20).

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the sensor (20) is coupled to a position detection system and a transmitting device for transmitting position data, and the track construction machine (1) includes a receiving device for receiving the position data.

15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the sensor (20) is located on the track construction machine (1) and is configured as an acceleration sensor located on the rail trolley (3).

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