Battery management device and method

Abstract

A battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile based on a voltage and capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile based on the adjustment results as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile, respectively, of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0005]

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery management device and method, and more particularly, to a battery management device and method for estimating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile indicating the current state of a battery.

[0002] This application claims priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0185034 filed on December 26, 2022 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0191446 filed on December 26, 2023, and all of the content disclosed in the specifications and drawings of the applications is incorporated into this application.

Background Art

[0003] Recently, the demand for portable electronic products such as notebook PCs, video cameras, and mobile phones has increased rapidly, and as the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, satellites, etc. has become full-scale, research on high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging has been actively conducted.

[0004] Currently, commercially available batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, lithium batteries, etc. Among these, lithium batteries have attracted attention because they hardly exhibit a memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, are free of charge and discharge, have a very low self-discharge rate, and have a high energy density.

[0005] Such batteries are undergoing various studies in terms of high capacity and high density, but the aspects of improving lifespan and safety are also important. In order to improve the safety of the battery, a technology for accurately diagnosing the current state of the battery is required.

[0006] Typically, manufactured batteries are not easily disassembled and reassembled, making it extremely difficult to accurately measure the state of the positive and negative electrodes. Therefore, there is a need for a technology that can estimate the current state of a battery by estimating the positive electrode profile, which indicates the state of the positive electrode, and the negative electrode profile, which indicates the state of the negative electrode. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] This invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a battery management device and method that more accurately estimates the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of a battery.

[0008] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood from the following description and will be more clearly understood from embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention may include a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of a battery, and a control unit configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile based on the adjustment results as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0010] The control unit may be configured to generate a comparative full cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, and to generate a comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full cell profile.

[0011] The control unit may be configured to calculate the error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile, and to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the calculated error is minimized.

[0012] The profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile showing the correspondence between the battery capacity and the differential voltage, and a second differential profile showing the correspondence between the battery voltage and the differential capacity.

[0013] The profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire the first differential profile and the second differential profile.

[0014] The control unit may be configured to generate a first comparative differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparative differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile, based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile.

[0015] The control unit may be configured to generate a comparative full cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, generate the first comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full cell profile with respect to capacitance, and generate the second comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full cell profile with respect to voltage.

[0016] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on a first error between the first differential profile and the first comparative differential profile and a second error between the second differential profile and the second comparative differential profile.

[0017] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the combined error of the first error and the second error is minimized.

[0018] Furthermore, a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0019] An automobile according to yet another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0020] A battery management method according to yet another aspect of the present invention may include: a profile acquisition step of acquiring a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; a comparative differential profile generation step of generating a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile; a profile adjustment step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile; and a profile determination step of determining the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile, respectively, as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, based on the adjustment results of the profile adjustment step. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, the battery management device has the advantage of being able to more accurately determine the positive and negative electrode profiles of a battery by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and reference negative electrode profile so that the error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile is minimized.

[0022] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those described above, and other effects of the present invention not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0023] The following drawings accompanying this specification, along with the detailed description of the invention, serve to further illustrate the technical concept of the invention; therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited solely to what is depicted in the drawings. [Figure 1] It is a diagram schematically showing a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a diagram schematically showing a first differential profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a diagram schematically showing a second differential profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] It is a diagram schematically showing a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] It is a diagram schematically showing a battery profile and a comparison full cell profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] It is a diagram schematically showing a first differential profile and a first comparison differential profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a diagram showing an example of an adjustment process of a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a diagram showing an example of an adjustment process of a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] It is a diagram showing an example of an adjustment process of a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] It is a diagram showing another example of an adjustment process of a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] It is a diagram showing another example of an adjustment process of a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] It is a diagram showing another example of an adjustment process of a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] It is a diagram schematically showing a second differential profile and a second comparison differential profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] It is a diagram schematically showing a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] This figure schematically shows an automobile according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] This figure schematically illustrates a battery management method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0024] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used herein and in the claims shall not be interpreted in their usual or dictionary sense, but in accordance with the principle that inventors can appropriately define the concepts of terms in order to best describe their invention, and in accordance with the technical ideas of the present invention.

[0025] Therefore, the embodiments described herein and the configurations shown in the drawings represent only one of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical concept of the invention. It should be understood that there are various equivalents and modifications that can be substituted for these at the time of filing this application.

[0026] Furthermore, if a specific description of a known function or configuration related to the present invention is deemed to obscure the gist of the present invention, such description will be omitted.

[0027] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish one of several components from the rest, and such terms do not limit the components themselves.

[0028] Furthermore, throughout the specification, when a part of it "includes" a certain component, unless otherwise specified, this does not mean that other components are excluded, but rather that other components may be included.

[0029] Furthermore, when a part of the specification is described as being "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected," but also cases where it is "indirectly connected" through other elements in between.

[0030] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Referring to Figure 1, the battery management device 100 may include a profile acquisition unit 110 and a control unit 120.

[0033] Here, a battery refers to a single, independent cell that has a negative terminal and a positive terminal and is physically separable. For example, a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. The type of battery can be cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch type. A battery can also refer to a battery bank, battery module, or battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. For the sake of explanation, below, a battery will be described as a single, independent cell.

[0034] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a differential profile based on the battery voltage and capacity.

[0035] For example, a battery profile is a profile that shows the correspondence between voltage V and capacity Q when a battery's state of charge (SOC) is charged from a preset charging start SOC or 0% to a preset charging end SOC or 100%. In another example, a battery profile may show the correspondence between voltage V and capacity Q when a battery's SOC is discharged from a preset discharging start SOC or 100% to a preset discharging end SOC or 0%.

[0036] Furthermore, differentiating the battery profile with respect to capacity can generate a capacity-differential voltage profile (hereinafter referred to as the first differential profile D1) that shows the correspondence between the differential voltage dV / dQ and the capacity Q. Conversely, differentiating the battery profile with respect to voltage can generate a voltage-differential capacity profile (hereinafter referred to as the second differential profile D2) that shows the correspondence between the differential capacity dQ / dV and the voltage V.

[0037] For example, there are no particular restrictions on the C-rate (C-rate) used in charging or discharging to generate a battery profile. However, it is preferable to charge or discharge the battery at a low rate to obtain a more accurate battery profile and differential profile. For example, a battery profile can be generated during the process of charging or discharging a battery at 0.05C.

[0038] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 can directly receive the differential profile of the battery from an external source. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 can acquire the differential profile by receiving the differential profile via a wired and / or wireless connection to an external source.

[0039] In another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may receive battery information regarding the battery's voltage and capacity. The profile acquisition unit 110 may then generate a battery profile based on the received battery information and generate a differential profile based on the generated battery profile. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire a differential profile by directly generating a differential profile based on the battery information.

[0040] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be connected to the control unit 120 in a communicative manner. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be connected to the control unit 120 by wire and / or wirelessly. The profile acquisition unit may transmit the acquired differential profile to the control unit 120.

[0041] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile D1 showing the correspondence between the battery capacity and the differential voltage, and a second differential profile D2 showing the correspondence between the battery voltage and the differential capacity.

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the first differential profile D1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 2, the first differential profile D1 can be represented by an XY graph in which the X axis is capacitance Q and the Y axis is differential voltage dV / dQ.

[0043] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the second differential profile D2 according to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 3, the second differential profile D2 can be represented by an XY graph in which the X axis is voltage V and the Y axis is differential capacitance dQ / dV.

[0044] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile.

[0045] First, the control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative full cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile.

[0046] Specifically, the reference positive electrode profile may be a profile showing the correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell pre-configured to correspond to the positive electrode of the battery. For example, the reference positive electrode cell may be a positive coin half cell or the positive electrode of a 3-electrode cell. Similarly, the reference negative electrode profile may be a profile showing the correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell pre-configured to correspond to the negative electrode of the battery. For example, the reference negative electrode cell may be a negative coin half cell or the negative electrode of a 3-electrode cell.

[0047] The control unit 120 can generate a comparative full cell profile that shows the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile for each capacitance. For example, the control unit 120 can calculate the difference between the positive electrode potential of the reference positive electrode profile and the negative electrode potential of the reference negative electrode profile for each capacitance and generate a comparative full cell profile based on the calculated result.

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the reference positive electrode profile Rp and reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the control unit 120 can calculate the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn in the capacitance range from 5Ah to 50Ah, and generate a comparative full cell profile R based on the calculated voltage difference. The capacitance range of the comparative full cell profile R is 5Ah to 50Ah, and the voltage range is 3.0V to 4.0V.

[0050] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full cell profile R.

[0051] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacitance. Preferably, the control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile that corresponds to the differential profile acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0052] For example, if the profile acquisition unit 110 acquires the first differential profile D1, the control unit 120 can generate the first comparative differential profile DR1, which shows the correspondence between capacitance Q and differential voltage dV / dQ, by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to capacitance.

[0053] In another example, if the profile acquisition unit 110 acquires a second differential profile D2, the control unit 120 can generate a second comparative differential profile DR2 showing the correspondence between voltage V and differential capacitance dQ / dV by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to voltage.

[0054] Figure 5 schematically shows the battery profile M and comparative full cell profile R according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 schematically shows the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] In the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6, the first differential profile D1 is obtained by differentiating the battery profile M with respect to capacity, and the first comparative differential profile DR1 is obtained by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to capacity.

[0056] In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the control unit 120 can generate a first comparative differential profile DR1 by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to capacitance, so as to correspond to the first differential profile D1.

[0057] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile.

[0058] Specifically, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate the error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile.

[0059] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the control unit 120 can calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1. In another example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the control unit 120 can calculate the differential voltage difference d1 between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1 for each capacitance. The control unit 120 can then calculate the error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1 by summing the calculated differential voltage differences d1. Here, the differential voltage difference d1 is the unit error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1 at that capacitance, and the sum of the differential voltage differences d1 is the error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1.

[0060] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the calculated error is minimized.

[0061] Specifically, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, or adjust them using a capacitive scaling method, so as to minimize the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile.

[0062] Specific embodiments for adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be described later with reference to Figures 7 to 12.

[0063] The control unit 120 may be configured to determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile, respectively, as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, based on the adjustment results.

[0064] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate multiple comparison full cell profiles R by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. Then, the control unit 120 can generate multiple comparison differential profiles based on the multiple comparison full cell profiles R. The control unit 120 can identify the comparison differential profile among the multiple comparison differential profiles that minimizes the error with the differential profile. Then, the control unit 120 can determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparison differential profile as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0065] A battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to more accurately determine the positive and negative electrode profiles of a battery by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so as to minimize the error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile.

[0066] On the other hand, the control unit 120 provided in the battery management device 100 may selectively include processors, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, etc., known in the industry, in order to perform the various control logics performed in the present invention. Furthermore, when the control logic is embodied as software, the control unit 120 may be embodied as a collection of program modules. In this case, the program modules are stored in memory and can be executed by the control unit 120. The memory may be located inside or outside the control unit 120 and can be connected to the control unit 120 by various known means.

[0067] The battery management device 100 may further include a storage unit 130. The storage unit 130 may store data and programs necessary for each component of the battery management device 100 to operate and function, or data generated during the process of operation and functioning. The type of storage unit 130 is not particularly limited as long as it is a known information storage means capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. Examples of information storage means include RAM, flash memory (registered trademark), ROM, EEPROM, and registers. The storage unit 130 may also store program code that defines processes executable by the control unit 120.

[0068] For example, the storage unit 130 may store differential profiles D1 and D2 acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110. The storage unit 130 may also store a pre-set reference positive electrode profile Rp and a pre-set reference negative electrode profile Rn. The control unit 120 can then retrieve the stored profiles by accessing the storage unit 130.

[0069] The following describes in more detail an embodiment in which the control unit 120 adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0070] Figures 7 to 9 show an example of the adjustment process for the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] The process of generating a comparative full cell profile S, as described with reference to Figures 7 to 9, is performed in the following order: a first routine (see Figure 7) to set four points (positive electrode involvement start point, positive electrode involvement end point, negative electrode involvement start point, and negative electrode involvement end point) corresponding to the voltage range of interest; a second routine (see Figure 8) to perform a profile shift; and a third routine (see Figure 9) to perform capacitance scaling. That is, the process of generating a comparative full cell profile S according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the first to third routines.

[0072] First, referring to Figure 7, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are the same as those shown in Figure 4.

[0073] The control unit 120 determines the positive electrode involvement start point pi, positive electrode involvement end point pf, negative electrode involvement start point ni, and negative electrode involvement end point nf in the reference positive electrode profile Rp and reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0074] Either the positive electrode involvement start point pi or the negative electrode involvement start point ni depends on the other.

[0075] For example, the control unit 120 may divide the positive electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile Rp into a plurality of minute voltage intervals, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals as the positive electrode engagement start point pi. Each minute voltage interval may have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01V). Subsequently, the control unit 120 may set a point in the reference negative electrode profile Rn that is smaller than the positive electrode engagement start point pi by a first set voltage (e.g., 3V) as the negative electrode engagement start point ni.

[0076] In another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a plurality of minute voltage intervals of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals among the plurality of minute voltage intervals as the negative electrode involvement start point ni. Subsequently, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is greater than the negative electrode involvement start point ni by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement start point pi.

[0077] Either the positive electrode-involved termination point pf or the negative electrode-involved termination point nf depends on the other.

[0078] For example, the control unit 120 may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile Rp into a plurality of minute voltage intervals of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals among the plurality of minute voltage intervals as the positive electrode involvement termination point pf. Subsequently, the control unit 120 may set a point in the reference negative electrode profile Rn that is smaller than the positive electrode involvement termination point pf by the second set voltage (e.g., 4V) as the negative electrode involvement termination point nf.

[0079] In another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a plurality of minute voltage intervals of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals among the plurality of minute voltage intervals as the negative electrode involvement termination point nf. Subsequently, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is greater than the negative electrode involvement termination point nf by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement termination point pf.

[0080] Once the determination of the positive electrode involvement start point pi, positive electrode involvement end point pf, negative electrode involvement start point ni, and negative electrode involvement end point nf is complete, the control unit 120 shifts at least one of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and reference negative electrode profile Rn to the left or right along the horizontal axis.

[0081] Referring to Figure 8, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and / or reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode engagement start point pi and the negative electrode engagement start point ni match.

[0082] Alternatively, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and / or reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode-involved termination point pf and the negative electrode-involved termination point nf match.

[0083] Figure 8 shows that only the reference positive electrode profile Rp is shifted to the left to generate the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp', resulting in a situation where the capacitance value at the positive electrode involvement start point pi' matches the capacitance value at the negative electrode involvement start point ni. The adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' is the result of applying an adjustment process to the reference positive electrode profile Rp that shifts it to the left by the voltage difference between the positive electrode involvement start point pi and the negative electrode involvement start point ni. Therefore, the two points pi and pi' differ only in capacitance value, but their voltages are the same. The two points pf and pf' differ only in capacitance value, but their voltages are the same.

[0084] Once adjusted profiles Rp' and Rn are secured, which are obtained by shifting at least one of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, the control unit 120 scales at least one capacitance range of the adjusted profiles Rp' and Rn.

[0085] According to the embodiment shown in Figure 8, the control unit 120 further performs an adjustment process to reduce or expand along the horizontal axis for at least one of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0086] Referring to Figure 9, the control unit 120 can reduce or expand the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' to generate an adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' such that the size of the capacity range between two points pi' and pf' in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. In this case, one of the two points pi' and pf' can be fixed. As a result, the capacity difference between the two points pi' and pf'' in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' matches the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0087] Furthermore, the control unit 120 can generate an adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' by reducing or expanding the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the size of the capacity range between the two points ni and nf in the reference negative electrode profile Rn matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. In this case, one of the two points ni and nf can be fixed. As a result, the capacity difference between the two points ni and nf' in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' will match the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0088] In Figure 9, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' is the result of reducing the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' shown in Figure 8, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' is the result of expanding the reference negative electrode profile Rn shown in Figure 8.

[0089] The positive electrode involvement endpoint pf in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' corresponds to the positive electrode involvement endpoint pf in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'. The negative electrode involvement endpoint nf' in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' corresponds to the negative electrode involvement endpoint nf in the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0090] The capacity difference between the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the positive electrode involvement end point pf'' of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' matches the size of the capacity range of battery profile M. Similarly, the capacity difference between the negative electrode involvement start point ni and the negative electrode involvement end point nf'' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' matches the size of the capacity range of battery profile M.

[0091] Furthermore, the capacitance range at two points pi' and pf'' of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' matches the capacitance range at two points ni and nf'' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'. The control unit 120 can generate a comparative full cell profile S by subtracting the profile between the two points pi' and pf'' of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' from the profile between the two points ni and nf'' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0092] The control unit 120 can generate a comparative differential profile from the comparative full cell profile S and calculate the error (profile error) between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile. When the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile is minimized, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' corresponding to the comparative full cell profile S can be determined as the adjusted positive electrode profile, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' can be determined as the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0093] The control unit 120 can map at least two of the following to each other and record them in the storage unit 130: the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'', the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn', the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf'', the negative electrode involvement start point ni, the negative electrode involvement end point nf', the positive electrode change rate ps, the negative electrode change rate ns, the comparison full cell profile S, and the profile error. Here, the control unit 120 can calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' with respect to the reference positive electrode profile Rp as the positive electrode change rate ps. The control unit 120 can also calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rn' with respect to the reference negative electrode profile Rn as the negative electrode change rate ns.

[0094] On the other hand, as mentioned above, if the positive electrode voltage range of the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into multiple minute voltage intervals, the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage intervals can be set as the positive electrode involvement start point pi.

[0095] For example, if the positive electrode voltage range of the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into 100 minute voltage ranges, there may be 100 boundary points that can be set as the positive electrode involvement start point pi. Also, if the voltage range of the reference positive electrode profile Rp above the second set voltage is divided into 40 minute voltage ranges, there may be 40 boundary points that can be set as the positive electrode involvement end point pf. In this case, up to 4,000 distinct comparison full cell profiles can be generated.

[0096] Of course, it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the number of comparative full-cell profiles that can be generated increases as the size of the minute voltage interval decreases, and conversely, the number of comparative full-cell profiles that can be generated decreases as the size of the minute voltage interval increases.

[0097] Figures 10 to 12 illustrate another example of the process for adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, Figures 10 to 12 illustrate another example of the process for generating the comparative full cell profile U. For reference, the embodiments shown in Figures 10 to 12 are independent of the embodiments shown in Figures 7 to 9. Therefore, terms and reference numerals common to the embodiments shown in Figures 7 to 9 and Figures 10 to 12 are limited to those of each respective embodiment.

[0098] The process for generating the comparative full-cell profile U, as described with reference to Figures 10 to 12, is performed in the following order: a fourth routine (see Figure 10) for performing capacity scaling, a fifth routine (see Figure 11) for setting four points (positive electrode involvement start point, positive electrode involvement end point, negative electrode involvement start point, negative electrode involvement end point), and a sixth routine (see Figure 12) for performing profile shifting. That is, the process for generating the comparative full-cell profile U according to other embodiments of the present invention includes the fourth to sixth routines.

[0099] Referring to Figure 10, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are identical to those shown in Figure 4.

[0100] The control unit 120 applies the first scale factor and the second scale factor selected from the scaling numerical range to the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, respectively, to generate the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0101] The scaling numerical range is predetermined or can vary depending on the ratio of the capacity range size of the battery profile M to the capacity range size of the reference full cell profile R. For example, if values ​​with 0.1% intervals (i.e., 90%, 90.1%, 90.2%, ..., 98.9%, 99%) are selectable as the first and second scale factors within the scaling numerical range (e.g., 90-99%), then 91 values ​​can be selected as the first and second scale factors, respectively. In this case, 91 × 91 = 8,281 adjustment levels (combinations of the first and second scale factors) can generate up to 8,281 adjusted profile pairs. An adjusted profile pair means a combination of an adjusted reference positive electrode profile and an adjusted reference negative electrode profile.

[0102] The adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' shown in Figure 10 represent the results of applying a first scale factor and a second scale factor of less than 100%, respectively, to the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0103] Because the first and second scale factors are less than 100%, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' is the reference positive electrode profile Rp scaled down along the horizontal axis, and similarly, the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' is the reference negative electrode profile Rn scaled down along the horizontal axis. For the sake of understanding, the starting points of the positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are fixed, and only the remaining portions are shown scaled down to the left along the horizontal axis.

[0104] Referring to Figure 11, the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode involvement start point pi', positive electrode involvement end point pf', negative electrode involvement start point ni', and negative electrode involvement end point nf' in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0105] Either the positive electrode involvement start point pi' or the negative electrode involvement start point ni' may depend on the other. Similarly, either the positive electrode involvement end point pf' or the negative electrode involvement end point nf' may depend on the other. Furthermore, either the positive electrode involvement start point pi' or the positive electrode involvement end point pf' may be set based on the other.

[0106] That is, once one of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', positive electrode involvement end point pf', negative electrode involvement start point ni', and negative electrode involvement end point nf' is set, the remaining three points can be automatically set by the first set voltage, the second set voltage, and / or the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M (e.g., the charge capacity for SOC 0-100%).

[0107] For example, the control unit 120 may divide the positive electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point (or second set voltage) of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' into a plurality of minute voltage intervals, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals among the plurality of minute voltage intervals as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'. Subsequently, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn that is less than the positive electrode involvement start point pi' by a first set voltage (e.g., 3V) as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'.

[0108] In another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative voltage range from the start to the end point of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' into a plurality of minute voltage intervals of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals among the plurality of minute voltage intervals as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'. Subsequently, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is greater than the negative electrode involvement start point ni' by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'.

[0109] In yet another example, the control unit 120 may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' into a plurality of minute voltage intervals of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals among the plurality of minute voltage intervals as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'. Subsequently, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is less than the positive electrode involvement end point pf' by the second set voltage (e.g., 4V), and set the searched point as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'.

[0110] In yet another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative voltage range from the start to the end point of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' into a plurality of minute voltage intervals of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent minute voltage intervals among the plurality of minute voltage intervals as the negative electrode involvement termination point nf'. Subsequently, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that is greater than the negative electrode involvement termination point nf' by a second set voltage, and set the found point as the positive electrode involvement termination point pf'.

[0111] Once one of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', positive electrode involvement end point pf', negative electrode involvement start point ni', and negative electrode involvement end point nf' is determined, the control unit 120 may further determine the remaining three points based on the determined point.

[0112] For example, if the positive electrode involvement start point pi' is determined first, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that has a capacity value greater by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'. Alternatively, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is lower by a first set voltage than the positive electrode involvement start point pi', and set the found point as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that has a capacity value greater by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement start point ni' as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'.

[0113] In another example, if the positive electrode involvement termination point pf' is determined first, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement termination point pf' as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'. Alternatively, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is lower by a second set voltage than the positive electrode involvement termination point pf' and set the found point as the negative electrode involvement termination point nf'. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement termination point nf' as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'.

[0114] In yet another example, once the negative electrode involvement start point ni' is determined, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that has a capacity value greater by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement start point ni' as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'. The control unit 120 may also search for a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that is higher by a first set voltage than the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and set the found point as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'. The control unit 120 may also set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that has a capacity value greater by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'.

[0115] In yet another example, once the negative electrode involvement termination point nf' is determined, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' having a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement termination point nf' as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'. The control unit 120 may also search for a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that is higher by a second set voltage than the negative electrode involvement termination point nf', and set the found point as the positive electrode involvement termination point pf'. The control unit 120 may also set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' having a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement termination point pf' as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'.

[0116] Once the determination of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', positive electrode involvement end point pf', negative electrode involvement start point ni', and negative electrode involvement end point nf' is complete based on the pair of first and second scale factors, the control unit 120 may shift at least one of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' along the horizontal axis so that the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and negative electrode involvement start point ni' match, or so that the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' and negative electrode involvement end point nf' match.

[0117] The adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'' shown in Figure 12 is obtained by shifting only the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' shown in Figure 11 to the right. As a result, the capacitance values ​​at the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the negative electrode involvement start point ni' match. In relation to this, the capacitance difference between the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the positive electrode involvement end point pf' is the same as the capacitance difference between the negative electrode involvement start point ni'' and the negative electrode involvement end point nf''. Therefore, when the capacitance values ​​at the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the negative electrode involvement start point ni'' match, the capacitance values ​​at the positive electrode involvement end point pf' and the negative electrode involvement end point nf'' also match.

[0118] Referring to Figure 12, the control unit 120 may generate a comparative full cell profile U by subtracting the partial profile between two points pi' and pf' of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' from the partial profile between two points ni'' and nf'' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn''.

[0119] The control unit 120 can generate a comparative differential profile from the comparative full cell profile U and calculate the error (profile error) between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile. When the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile is minimized, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' corresponding to the comparative full cell profile U can be determined as the adjusted positive electrode profile, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'' can be determined as the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0120] The control unit 120 can map at least two of the following to each other and record them in the storage unit 130: the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp', the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'', the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni'', the negative electrode involvement end point nf'', the positive electrode change rate ps, the negative electrode change rate ns, the comparison full cell profile U, and the profile error. For example, the control unit 120 may determine the first scale factor to be the positive electrode change rate ps and the second scale factor to be the negative electrode change rate ns.

[0121] The following describes an embodiment in which the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery by considering both the first differential profile D1 and the second differential profile D2.

[0122] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a first differential profile D1 and a second differential profile D2.

[0123] For example, in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3, the profile acquisition unit 110 can acquire both the first differential profile D1 and the second differential profile D2.

[0124] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a first comparative differential profile DR1 corresponding to the first differential profile D1 and a second comparative differential profile DR2 corresponding to the second differential profile D2, based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0125] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate a comparative full cell profile R based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. The control unit 120 can then generate a first comparative differential profile DR1 by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to capacitance. Furthermore, the control unit 120 can generate a second comparative differential profile DR2 by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to voltage.

[0126] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn based on the first error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1, and the second error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2.

[0127] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the control unit 120 can calculate the root mean square error of the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1.

[0128] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0129] In the embodiments shown in Figures 6 and 13, the second differential profile D2 is obtained by differentiating the battery profile with respect to voltage, and the second comparative differential profile DR2 is obtained by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to capacity.

[0130] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 13, the control unit 120 can calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2. In another example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 13, the control unit 120 can calculate the differential capacitance difference d2 between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2 for each voltage. The control unit 120 can then sum up the calculated differential capacitance differences d2 to calculate a second error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2. Here, the differential capacitance difference d2 is the unit error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2 at the given voltage, and the sum of the differential capacitance differences d2 is the error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2.

[0131] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the sum of the first error and the second error is minimized.

[0132] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate multiple comparison full cell profiles R by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. The control unit 120 can then identify the comparison full cell profile R from among the multiple comparison full cell profiles R that minimizes the sum of the first error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparative differential profile DR1, and the second error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparative differential profile DR2. The control unit 120 can then determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparison full cell profile R as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0133] A battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention can determine the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of a battery from the combined error of the first differential profile D1 and the second differential profile D2, and the first comparative differential profile DR1 and the second comparative differential profile DR2. Therefore, it is possible to determine a more accurate positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile corresponding to the current state of the battery.

[0134] The battery management device 100 according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention may include the battery management device 100 described above. In such a configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device 100 can be realized by complementing or adding to the functions of components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110, the control unit 120, and the storage unit 130 of the battery management device 100 can be realized as components of a BMS.

[0135] Furthermore, the battery management device 100 according to the present invention may be provided in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the aforementioned battery management device 100 and one or more battery cells. The battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.

[0136] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0137] The positive terminal of battery 11 may be connected to the positive terminal P+ of battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of battery 10 may be connected to the negative terminal P- of battery pack 1.

[0138] The measuring unit 20 may be connected to a first sensing line SL1, a second sensing line SL2, and a third sensing line SL3. Specifically, the measuring unit 20 may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10 by the first sensing line SL1 and to the negative terminal of the battery 10 by the second sensing line SL2. The measuring unit 20 may measure the voltage of the battery 10 based on the voltages measured by the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2, respectively.

[0139] The measurement unit 20 can be connected to the current measurement unit A by the third sensing line SL3. For example, the current measurement unit A may be an ammeter or shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery 10. The measurement unit 20 can calculate the charge amount by measuring the charging current of the battery 10 by the third sensing line SL3. The measurement unit 20 can also calculate the discharge amount by measuring the discharge current of the battery 10 by the third sensing line SL3.

[0140] External devices may be connected to the positive terminal P+ and negative terminal P- of battery pack 1. For example, the external device may be a charger or a load. The positive terminal of battery 10, the positive terminal P+ of battery pack 1, the external device, the negative terminal P- of battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of battery 10 may be electrically connected.

[0141] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram showing an automobile 1500 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0142] Referring to Figure 15, the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in an automobile 1500 such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). The battery pack 1510 can drive the automobile 1500 by supplying power to a motor via an inverter provided in the automobile 1500. Here, the battery pack 1510 may include a battery management device 100. That is, the automobile 1500 may include a battery management device 100. In this case, the battery management device 100 may be an onboard device included in the automobile 1500.

[0143] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0144] Referring to Figure 16, the battery management method may include a profile acquisition stage S100, a comparative differential profile generation stage S200, a profile adjustment stage S300, and a profile determination stage S400.

[0145] Preferably, each stage of the battery management method can be performed by the battery management device 100. For the sake of clarity, the following will either omit or briefly explain any content that overlaps with what has been described above.

[0146] The profile acquisition step S100 is a step in which a differential profile based on the battery voltage and capacity is acquired, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0147] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire at least one of the following: a first differential profile D1 showing the correspondence between the battery capacity and the differential voltage, and a second differential profile D2 showing the correspondence between the battery voltage and the differential capacity.

[0148] The comparative differential profile generation step S200 is a step in which comparative differential profiles RD1 and RD2 are generated based on a preset reference positive electrode profile Rp and a preset reference negative electrode profile Rn, and can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0149] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate comparative differential profiles RD1 and RD2 by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacitance. Preferably, the control unit 120 can generate comparative differential profiles RD1 and RD2 to correspond to the differential profiles D1 and D2 acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0150] The profile adjustment step S300 is a step in which the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are adjusted so that the comparative differential profiles RD1 and RD2 correspond to the differential profiles D1 and D2, and this step can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0151] Specifically, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate the error between the differential profiles D1 and D2 and the comparative differential profiles RD1 and RD2. The control unit 120 may then be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the calculated error is minimized.

[0152] The profile determination step S400 is a step in which the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile, respectively, based on the adjustment results of the profile adjustment step S300, are determined as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, and this step can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0153] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate multiple comparison full cell profiles by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile. Then, the control unit 120 can generate multiple comparison differential profiles based on the multiple comparison full cell profiles. The control unit 120 can identify the comparison differential profile among the multiple comparison differential profiles that minimizes the error with the differential profile. Then, the control unit 120 can determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparison differential profile as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0154] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not necessarily embodied through apparatus and methods, but can also be embodied through a program that realizes the functions corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention, or through a recording medium on which such a program is recorded. Such embodiment should be easily realized by experts in the art to which the present invention belongs, based on the above-described embodiments.

[0155] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various modifications and variations are possible within the equivalent scope of the technical concept and claims of the present invention by persons with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0156] Furthermore, since the present invention described above can be substituted, modified, and altered in various ways by a person with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the technical concept of the present invention, it is not limited by the embodiments described above and the accompanying drawings, and can be configured by selectively combining all or part of each embodiment to allow for various modifications. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0157] 10 Battery Packs 11 batteries 12 Measuring part 100 Battery Management Devices 110 Profile acquisition unit 120 Control Unit 130 Preservation Department 1500 cars 1510 Battery Pack

Claims

1. A profile acquisition unit that acquires a differential profile based on the battery voltage and capacity, The system includes a control unit that generates a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjusts the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determines the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile based on the adjustment results as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively. The differential profile includes at least one of a first differential profile showing the correspondence between the battery capacity and the differential voltage, and a second differential profile showing the correspondence between the battery voltage and the differential capacity. The battery management device is characterized in that the comparative differential profile includes at least one of a first comparative differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparative differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile.

2. The control unit, The battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that it generates a comparative full cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, and generates the comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full cell profile.

3. The control unit, The battery management device according to claim 1, characterized by calculating the error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile, and adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the calculated error is minimized.

4. The aforementioned profile acquisition unit, The battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that it obtains at least one of a first differential profile showing the correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage, and a second differential profile showing the correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity.

5. The profile acquisition unit acquires the first differential profile and the second differential profile, The battery management device according to claim 4, characterized in that the control unit generates a first comparative differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparative differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile.

6. The control unit, The battery management device according to claim 5, characterized in that it generates a comparative full cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, generates the first comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full cell profile with respect to capacity, and generates the second comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full cell profile with respect to voltage.

7. The control unit, The battery management device according to claim 5, characterized in that the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile are adjusted based on a first error between the first differential profile and the first comparative differential profile and a second error between the second differential profile and the second comparative differential profile.

8. The control unit, The battery management device according to claim 7, characterized in that the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile are adjusted until the sum of the first error and the second error is minimized.

9. A battery pack comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An automobile comprising a battery pack including a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and configured to be supplied with drive power from the battery pack.

11. The profiling stage involves obtaining a differential profile based on the battery voltage and capacity, A comparative differential profile generation step that generates a comparative differential profile based on a pre-set reference positive electrode profile and a pre-set reference negative electrode profile, A profile adjustment step involves adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile. The profile determination step includes determining the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile, respectively, as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, based on the adjustment results of the profile adjustment step, The differential profile includes at least one of a first differential profile showing the correspondence between the battery capacity and the differential voltage, and a second differential profile showing the correspondence between the battery voltage and the differential capacity. A battery management method characterized in that the comparative differential profile includes at least one of a first comparative differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparative differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile.

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