Light-emitting element and display device

Abstract

This light-emitting element (10) comprises a light-emitting unit (30) provided with one light-emitting region, a first optical path control means group made from a plurality of first optical path control means (71) formed above the light-emitting unit (30), and a second optical path control means (72) formed on or above the first optical path control means group. The first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means (72) have a positive optical power, and the light emitted from the light-emitting unit (30) and condensed by the first optical path control means (71) is further condensed by the second optical path control means (72).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to a light-emitting element and a display device. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the development of display devices using organic electroluminescent (EL) elements as light-emitting elements (organic EL display devices) has progressed. In the light-emitting elements that constitute an organic EL display device, for example, an organic layer including at least a light-emitting layer and a second electrode (upper electrode, for example, a cathode electrode) are formed on a first electrode (lower electrode, for example, an anode electrode) that is formed separately for each pixel. For example, a red light-emitting element is formed by combining an organic layer that emits white or red light with a red color filter layer, a green light-emitting element is formed by combining an organic layer that emits white or green light with a green color filter layer, and a blue light-emitting element is formed by combining an organic layer that emits white or blue light with a blue color filter layer, each of which is provided as a sub-pixel, and one pixel (light-emitting unit) is formed from these sub-pixels. Light from the organic layer is emitted to the outside through the second electrode (upper electrode).

[0003] Furthermore, to improve light extraction efficiency, a solid-state light-emitting element 270 is known from Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-109230, having a light-emitting element with a hemispherical structure 251 on the first surface of a low-refractive-index member 250 and a hemispherical recess structure 252 on the second surface. The light-emitting element 270 includes a plurality of sub-solid-state light-emitting elements 270a, 270b, 270c, etc., and the outer shape of the light-emitting region of the sub-solid-state light-emitting elements 270a, 270b, 270c, etc. is smaller than the outer shape of the hemispherical recess structure 252 (see Figures 5 and 6 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-109230). In addition, the sub-solid-state light-emitting elements 270a, 270b, 270c, etc. and the second surface of the low-refractive-index member 250 are joined by a high-refractive-index bonding layer 260. Then, light that enters the high refractive index bonding layer 260 proceeds to the hemispherical recess structure 252 provided in the low refractive index member 250. However, since the hemispherical recess structure 252 has various angles that are not parallel to the light-emitting surface, it is considered that total internal reflection is less likely to occur repeatedly at the interface formed by the high refractive index bonding layer 260 and the second surface of the low refractive index member 250. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-109230 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] However, in the solid-state light-emitting element disclosed in the above-mentioned patent publication, a hemispherical recess structure 252 is provided opposite each of the light-emitting regions of the sub-solid-state light-emitting elements 270a, 270b, 270c, etc., making the manufacturing of the solid-state light-emitting element complicated. Furthermore, since the sub-solid-state light-emitting element and a low-refractive-index member 250 are joined by a high-refractive-index bonding layer 260, the design freedom of the light-emitting element is limited. Moreover, the above-mentioned patent publication makes no mention of optical crosstalk that may occur between adjacent solid-state light-emitting elements.

[0006] Therefore, the object of this disclosure is to provide a light-emitting element having a configuration and structure that avoids complicated manufacturing, allows for the acquisition of a wide range of desired structures, and is less prone to optical crosstalk, as well as a display device equipped with such a light-emitting element. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The light-emitting element of this disclosure, for achieving the above objectives, A light-emitting section having one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, and A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, It is equipped with, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power. Light emitted from the light-emitting unit and focused by the first optical path control means is further focused by the second optical path control means.

[0008] The display device of this disclosure for achieving the above objectives is: The first substrate and the second substrate, and, Multiple light-emitting units composed of multiple types of light-emitting elements, It is equipped with, Each light-emitting element is A light-emitting section provided above the first substrate, having one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, and A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, It is equipped with, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power. Light emitted from the light-emitting unit and focused by the first optical path control means is further focused by the second optical path control means. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1]Figure 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 1. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of the light-emitting element of Example 1. [Figure 3A] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means in the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1. [Figure 3B] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means in the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1. [Figure 4A] Figure 4A is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means in the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1. [Figure 4B] Figure 4B is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means in the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1. [Figure 5A] Figure 5A is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-1 of the light-emitting element of Example 1. [Figure 5B] Figure 5B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modified Example 2 of the light-emitting element of Example 1. [Figure 6A] Figure 6A is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-3 of the light-emitting element of Example 1. [Figure 6B] Figure 6B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-4 of the light-emitting element of Example 1. [Figure 7A] Figure 7A is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of light-emitting elements in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 7B] Figure 7B is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of light-emitting elements in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 7C] Figure 7C is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of light-emitting elements in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 7D] Figure 7D is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of light-emitting elements in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 7E] Figure 7E is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of light-emitting elements in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a modified example-5 of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 1. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a modified example-6 of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 1. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a modified example-7 of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 1. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of the light-emitting element of Example 2. [Figure 12A] Figure 12A is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-1 of the light-emitting element of Example 2. [Figure 12B] Figure 12B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-2 of the light-emitting element of Example 2. [Figure 13A] Figure 13A is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-3 of the light-emitting element of Example 2. [Figure 13B] Figure 13B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-4 of the light-emitting element of Example 2. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Embodiment 3. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of the light-emitting element of Example 3. [Figure 16A] Figure 16A is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-1 of the light-emitting element of Example 3. [Figure 16B] Figure 16B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-2 of the light-emitting element of Example 3. [Figure 17A] Figure 17A is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of Modification-3 of the light-emitting element of Example 3. [Figure 17B] Figure 17B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification-4 of the light-emitting element of Example 3. [Figure 18A] Figure 18A is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification 5 of the light-emitting element of Example 3. [Figure 18B] Figure 18B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, enlarged, of a portion of Modification 6 of the light-emitting element of Example 3. [Figure 19] Figure 19 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 4. [Figure 20] Figure 20 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element of Example 5. [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element of Example 5 to illustrate the light behavior from the light-emitting element. [Figure 22A] Figure 22A is a schematic partial end view of a modified example of the light-emitting element of Example 5. [Figure 22B] Figure 22B is a schematic partial end view of a modified example of the light-emitting element of Example 5. [Figure 23A] Figure 23A is a schematic partial end view of another modified example of the light-emitting element of Example 5. [Figure 23B] Figure 23B is a schematic partial end view of another modification of the light-emitting element of Example 5. [Figure 24A] Figure 24A is a schematic partial end view of a substrate and other components used to explain the manufacturing method of the light-emitting element of Example 5 shown in Figure 20. [Figure 24B] Figure 24B is a schematic partial end view of a substrate and other components used to explain the manufacturing method of the light-emitting element of Example 5 shown in Figure 20. [Figure 24C] Figure 24C is a schematic partial end view of a substrate and other components used to illustrate the manufacturing method of the light-emitting element of Example 5 shown in Figure 20. [Figure 25A] Figure 25A, following on from Figure 24C, is a schematic partial end view of a substrate and other components for explaining the manufacturing method of the light-emitting element of Example 5 shown in Figure 20. [Figure 25B] Figure 25B, following on from Figure 24C, is a schematic partial end view of a substrate and other components for illustrating the manufacturing method of the light-emitting element of Example 5 shown in Figure 20. [Figure 26A] Figure 26A is a schematic partial end view of a substrate and the like to illustrate an alternative manufacturing method for the light-emitting element of Example 5 shown in Figure 20. [Figure 26B] Figure 26B is a schematic partial end view of a substrate and the like to illustrate an alternative manufacturing method for the light-emitting element of Example 5 shown in Figure 20. [Figure 27] Figure 27 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 6. [Figure 28A] Figure 28A is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having a first example of a resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 28B] Figure 28B is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having a second example of a resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 29A] Figure 29A is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having a third example of a resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 29B] Figure 29B is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having a fourth example of the resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 30A] Figure 30A is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having a fifth example of the resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 30B] Figure 30B is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having a sixth example of the resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 31A] Figure 31A is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having a seventh example of the resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 31B] Figure 31B is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the eighth example of a resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 31C] Figure 31C is a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the eighth example of a resonator structure in Example 6. [Figure 32] Figure 32 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means in the display device of Embodiment 7. [Figure 33A] Figure 33A is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the light-emitting element and the reference point in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 33B] Figure 33B is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the light-emitting element and the reference point in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 34A]Figure 34A schematically shows the positional relationship between the light-emitting element and the reference point in a modified example of the display device of Example 7. [Figure 34B] Figure 34B schematically shows the positional relationship between the light-emitting element and the reference point in a modified example of the display device of Example 7. [Figure 35A] Figure 35A schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 35B] Figure 35B schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 35C] Figure 35C schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 35D] Figure 35D schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 36A] Figure 36A schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 36B] Figure 36B schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 36C] Figure 36C schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 36D] Figure 36D schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 37A] Figure 37A schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 37B] Figure 37B schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 37C] Figure 37C schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 37D] Figure 37D schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 38A] Figure 38A schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 38B] Figure 38B schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 38C] Figure 38C schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 38D] Figure 38D schematically shows the change in D0-X in response to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to the change in D1-Y, in the display device of Example 7. [Figure 39] Figure 39 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 8. [Figure 40A] Figure 40A is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit in the display device of Embodiment 8. [Figure 40B] Figure 40B is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit in the display device of Embodiment 8. [Figure 40C]Figure 40C is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit in the display device of Example 8. [Figure 41] Figure 41 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit in the display device of Embodiment 8. [Figure 42A] Figure 42A is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit in the display device of Embodiment 8. [Figure 42B] Figure 42B is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit in the display device of Embodiment 8. [Figure 43] Figure 43 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit in the display device of Embodiment 8. [Figure 44A] Figure 44A is a front view of a digital still camera, showing an example of applying the display device of this disclosure to a lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera. [Figure 44B] Figure 44B is a rear view of a digital still camera, showing an example of applying the display device of this disclosure to a lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera. [Figure 45] Figure 45 is an external view of a head-mounted display showing an example of applying the display device of this disclosure to a head-mounted display. [Figure 46A] Figure 46A is a schematic plan view of a lens member having the shape of a truncated square pyramid. [Figure 46B] Figure 46B is a schematic perspective view of a lens member having the shape of a truncated square pyramid. [Figure 47]Figure 47 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element and display device equipped with a light emission direction control member. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings and based on examples. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these examples, and the various numerical values ​​and materials in the examples are illustrative. The explanation will proceed in the following order. 1. Description of the light-emitting elements and display devices of this disclosure, and in general. 2. Example 1 (Light-emitting element and display device of the present disclosure) 3. Example 2 (Variation of Example 1) 4. Example 3 (Another variation of Example 1) 5. Example 4 (Variation of Examples 1 to 3) 6. Example 5 (Variation of Examples 1 to 4) 7. Example 6 (Variation of Examples 1 to 5) 8. Example 7 (Variation of Examples 1 to 6) 9. Example 8 (Variation of Examples 1 to 7) 10. Others

[0011] <Description of the light-emitting element and display device of this disclosure, and in general> In the light-emitting element of this disclosure, or a light-emitting element constituting the display device of this disclosure (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as "the light-emitting element of this disclosure, etc."), the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means may be included in the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means. In this case, the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means may be located on the outer periphery of the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means, but is not limited to this configuration. The orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means may also be located on the outer periphery and inside of the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means. The orthogonal projection image is an orthogonal projection image of the first substrate. In addition, in the description of the light-emitting element of this disclosure, etc., as a general rule, the direction away from the light-emitting part will be expressed as "up," and the direction towards the light-emitting part will be expressed as "down."

[0012] In the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the above-described preferred embodiment, the relationship between the first optical path control means (first lens member) and the second optical path control means (second lens member) is as follows: (A) The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means consist of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting part. This can be done. Specifically, the light-emitting surface of the first optical path control means (first lens member) can have a convex shape, and the light-incident surface can be, for example, flat, and the light-emitting surface of the second optical path control means (second lens member) can have a convex shape, and the light-incident surface can be, for example, flat.

[0013] However, this is not the only example. (B) The first optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction away from the light-emitting part, and the second optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part. (C) The first optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part, and the second optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction away from the light-emitting part. (D) The first optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part, and the second optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part. It can also be done this way.

[0014] Similarly, the relationship between the first optical path control means (first lens member) and the third optical path control means (third lens member), which will be described later, (E) The first optical path control means and the third optical path control means consist of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting part. This is possible, but it is not limited to this. (F) The first optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction away from the light-emitting part, and the third optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part. (G) The first optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part, and the third optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction away from the light-emitting part. (H) The first optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part, and the third optical path control means consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part. It can also be done this way.

[0015] Furthermore, when the refractive index of the material constituting the first optical path control means is n1, the refractive index of the material constituting the second optical path control means is n2, and the refractive index of the material constituting the third optical path control means is n3, n1 > n2 It is preferable that the following conditions be met, n3>n1 It is preferable that the following conditions be met. And, although not limited to, n1-n2≧0.2 n3-n1≧0.2 It is preferable that the following conditions be satisfied. Alternatively, it is preferable that the refractive index of the material constituting the optical path control means through which the light from the light-emitting part passes, or the refractive index of the material constituting the region through which the light from the light-emitting part passes, be progressively lowered in the order in which the light passes. Furthermore, when the radius of curvature of the first optical path control means is r1, the radius of curvature of the second optical path control means is r2, and the radius of curvature of the third optical path control means is r3, then r2 = r1, r2 > r1, or r2<r1であってもよいし、r3=r1であってもよいし、r3> r1 is fine, or r3 <r1であってもよい。

[0016] In the display device of this disclosure, the size of the planar shape of the second optical path control means may be varied depending on the light-emitting element. For example, if one light-emitting element unit (pixel) is composed of three light-emitting elements (sub-pixels), the size of the planar shape of the first optical path control means, the second optical path control means, and the third optical path control means (hereinafter, these optical path control means may be collectively referred to as "optical path control means, etc.") may be the same value for the three light-emitting elements constituting one light-emitting element unit, or it may be the same value for two light-emitting elements excluding one, or it may be different values ​​for the three light-emitting elements. Furthermore, the refractive index of the material constituting the optical path control means, etc. may be varied depending on the light-emitting element. For example, if one light-emitting element unit (pixel) is composed of three light-emitting elements (sub-pixels), the refractive index of the material constituting the optical path control means, etc. may be the same value for the three light-emitting elements, or it may be the same value for two light-emitting elements excluding one, or it may be different values ​​for the three light-emitting elements.

[0017] In the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the various preferred forms and configurations described above, the first, second, and third lens members constituting the first, second, and third optical path control means, and the third optical path control means (hereinafter, these lens members may be collectively referred to as "lens members, etc.") may be hemispherical, composed of a part of a sphere, or more broadly, composed of a shape suitable for functioning as a lens. Specifically, as described above, the lens members, etc. may be convex lens members, specifically plano-convex lenses. Alternatively, the lens members may be spherical lenses or aspherical lenses. Furthermore, the optical path control means, etc. may be refractive lenses or diffractive lenses.

[0018] Alternatively, the optical path control means, etc., can be assumed to be a rectangular prism with a square or rectangular base, where the four sides and one top face of this rectangular prism have a convex shape, and the edges where the sides intersect are rounded, and the edges where the top face intersects are also rounded, resulting in a lens member having an overall rounded three-dimensional shape. Alternatively, the lens member can be assumed to be a rectangular prism (including a cube that approximates a rectangular prism) with a square or rectangular base, where the four sides and one top face of this rectangular prism are planar, in which case, depending on the case, the edges where the sides intersect are rounded, and depending on the case, the edges where the top face intersects are also rounded, resulting in a three-dimensional shape. Alternatively, the lens member can be configured as a lens member whose cross-sectional shape when cut by a virtual plane (perpendicular virtual plane) including the thickness direction is rectangular or isosceles trapezoidal. In other words, the lens component can be configured to consist of lens components whose cross-sectional shape is constant or varies along its thickness.

[0019] Alternatively, in the light-emitting element of this disclosure, the optical path control means, etc., may be configured from a light emission direction control member whose cross-sectional shape when cut by a virtual plane (vertical virtual plane) including the thickness direction is rectangular or isosceles trapezoidal. In other words, the optical path control means, etc., may be configured from a light emission direction control member whose cross-sectional shape is constant or changes along its thickness direction.

[0020] In the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the various preferred forms described above, a wavelength selection unit is provided above the light-emitting unit, and the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means are provided above or above the wavelength selection unit. For convenience, such a configuration may be referred to as the "first configuration light-emitting element."

[0021] Furthermore, in the first configuration of the light-emitting element, a third optical path control means may be provided between the wavelength selection unit and the first optical path control means. For convenience, such a configuration may be referred to as the "first-A configuration light-emitting element." Furthermore, in the first-A configuration of the light-emitting element, one or more (specifically, for example, four to eight) third optical path control means may be provided for one first optical path control means.

[0022] Alternatively, in the first configuration of the light-emitting element, a third optical path control means may be provided below or below the wavelength selection section. For convenience, such a configuration may be referred to as the "first-B configuration of the light-emitting element." Furthermore, in the first-B configuration of the light-emitting element, one or more (specifically, for example, four to eight) third optical path control means may be provided for one first optical path control means.

[0023] Alternatively, in the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the various preferred forms described above, a wavelength selection unit may be provided between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means. For convenience, such a configuration may be referred to as the "second configuration light-emitting element." In the second configuration light-emitting element, a third optical path control means may be provided below or below the first optical path control means. In this case, one or more (specifically, for example, four to eight) third optical path control means may be provided for each first optical path control means.

[0024] Alternatively, in the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the various preferred forms described above, a wavelength selection unit may be provided above or above the second optical path control means. For convenience, such a configuration may be referred to as a "third configuration light-emitting element." In the third configuration light-emitting element, a third optical path control means may be provided below or below the first optical path control means. In this case, one or more (specifically, for example, four to eight) third optical path control means may be provided for one first optical path control means.

[0025] The wavelength selector can be provided above the first substrate, but it may also be provided on the first substrate side or on the second substrate side. The size of the wavelength selector may be appropriately changed to correspond to the light emitted by the light-emitting element.

[0026] A color filter layer can be used as a wavelength-selective element. This color filter layer may transmit not only red, green, and blue light, but also, in some cases, specific wavelengths such as cyan, magenta, and yellow. The color filter layer is composed of a resin (e.g., a photocurable resin) to which a coloring agent consisting of a desired pigment or dye has been added. By selecting the pigment or dye, the light transmittance is adjusted to be high in the desired wavelength ranges such as red, green, and blue, and low in other wavelength ranges. Such a color filter layer can be made from a well-known color resist material. In the case of a light-emitting element that emits white light, as described later, a transparent filter layer may be provided. Alternatively, examples of wavelength-selective elements include photonic crystals, wavelength-selective elements utilizing plasmons (for example, a wavelength-selective element having a conductive lattice structure in which a lattice-like hole structure is provided on a conductive thin film as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-177191, or a wavelength-selective element based on surface plasmon excitation using a diffraction grating), a wavelength-selective element utilizing a dielectric multilayer film that can pass specific wavelengths through multiple reflections within the thin film by stacking dielectric thin films, thin films made of inorganic materials such as thin-film amorphous silicon, and quantum dots. In the following explanation, the color filter layer may be used as a representative example of the wavelength-selective element, but the wavelength-selective element is not limited to the color filter layer.

[0027] Regarding the relationship between the wavelength selection unit and the second optical path control means, (a) The orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means can be in a form that matches the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit, (b) The orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means may be in a form included in the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit, (c) The orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit may be in a form included in the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means.

[0028] In other words, the planar shape of the wavelength selection unit may be the same as, similar to, approximate to, or different from, the planar shape of the second optical path control means. Furthermore, by adopting a configuration in which the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means is included in the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit, the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements can be reliably suppressed.

[0029] Furthermore, the planar shape of the wavelength-selecting portion may be the same as, similar to, approximate to, or different from, the planar shape of the light-emitting region, but it is preferable that the wavelength-selecting portion is larger than the light-emitting region. The center of the wavelength-selecting portion (the center when orthogonally projected onto the first substrate) may pass through the center of the light-emitting region, or it may not pass through the center of the light-emitting region. The size of the wavelength-selecting portion may be appropriately changed according to the distance (offset amount) d0 (described later) between the normal passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting portion. Various normals are lines perpendicular to the first substrate.

[0030] The center of the wavelength selection section refers to the centroid of the area occupied by the wavelength selection section. Alternatively, if the planar shape of the wavelength selection section is circular, elliptical, square (including squares with rounded corners), rectangular (including rectangles with rounded corners), or regular polygon (including regular polygons with rounded corners), the center of these shapes corresponds to the center of the wavelength selection section. If a part of these shapes is cut out, the center of the shape obtained by filling in the cut-out part corresponds to the center of the wavelength selection section. If these shapes are connected, the center of the shape obtained by removing the connected part and filling in the removed part corresponds to the center of the wavelength selection section. The center of the second optical path control means refers to the centroid of the area occupied by the second optical path control means. Alternatively, if the planar shape of the second optical path control means is circular, elliptical, square (including squares with rounded corners), rectangular (including rectangles with rounded corners), or regular polygon (including regular polygons with rounded corners), the center of these shapes corresponds to the center of the second optical path control means. The center of the light-emitting region refers to the centroid point of the area where the first electrode and the organic layer (these will be described later) are in contact.

[0031] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the preferred embodiments described above, the light-emitting portion may have a cross-sectional shape that is convex toward the first substrate, or a cross-sectional shape that is uneven toward the first substrate.

[0032] In the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the various preferred forms and configurations described above, the light-emitting portion (organic layer) may include an organic electroluminescent layer. That is, the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the various preferred forms and configurations described above, may be composed of an organic electroluminescent element (organic EL element), and the display device of this disclosure may be composed of an organic electroluminescent display device (organic EL display device).

[0033] Organic EL display devices are The first substrate, and the second substrate, and Multiple light-emitting elements are located between the first substrate and the second substrate and are arranged in a two-dimensional manner. It is equipped with, Each light-emitting element provided on a substrate formed on a first substrate is composed of a light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the preferred form and configuration described above. Or, Each light-emitting element provided on a substrate formed on the first substrate is equipped with a light-emitting part. The light-emitting part is, first electrode, Second electrode, and, An organic layer sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode (including a light-emitting layer consisting of an organic electroluminescent layer), It has at least the following features: Light from the organic layer is emitted to the outside through the second substrate. That is, the display device of this disclosure can be a top-emission type display device (top-emitting type display device) that emits light from the second substrate.

[0034] In the display device of this disclosure, the first light-emitting element may emit red light, the second light-emitting element may emit green light, and the third light-emitting element may emit blue light. Furthermore, a fourth light-emitting element that emits white light, or a fourth light-emitting element that emits light of a color other than red, green, or blue light, may also be added.

[0035] In the display device of this disclosure, the arrangement of pixels (or sub-pixels) can be a delta array, or a stripe array, diagonal array, rectangular array, pentile array, or square array. The arrangement of the wavelength selection section can also be a delta array, or a stripe array, diagonal array, rectangular array, pentile array, or square array, in accordance with the arrangement of pixels (or sub-pixels).

[0036] Specifically, the light-emitting element of this disclosure comprises a first electrode, an organic layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode formed on the organic layer, and a protective layer formed on the second electrode. The first optical path control means is formed on or above the protective layer. Light from the organic layer is emitted to the outside via the second electrode, protective layer, first optical path control means, second optical path control means and second substrate, or, in some cases, via the second electrode, protective layer, first optical path control means, planarization layer, second optical path control means and second substrate, or, if a wavelength selector is provided in these optical paths of the emitted light, or if a base layer is provided on the inner surface of the second substrate (the surface facing the first substrate), via the wavelength selector and the base layer.

[0037] A first electrode is provided for each light-emitting element. An organic layer, including a light-emitting layer made of organic light-emitting material, is provided for each light-emitting element, or is provided in common to multiple light-emitting elements. A second electrode is provided in common to multiple light-emitting elements. That is, the second electrode is a so-called solid electrode or a common electrode. A first substrate is placed below or beneath the base, and a second substrate is placed above the second electrode. Light-emitting elements are formed on the first substrate side, and the light-emitting part is provided on the base. Specifically, the light-emitting part is provided on a base formed above or on the first substrate. As described above, the first electrode, organic layer (including the light-emitting layer), and second electrode constituting the light-emitting part are sequentially formed on the base.

[0038] In the light-emitting element of this disclosure, the first electrode may be configured to be in contact with a part of the organic layer, or a part of the first electrode may be in contact with the organic layer, or the first electrode may be in contact with the organic layer. Specifically in these cases, the size of the first electrode may be smaller than that of the organic layer, or the size of the first electrode may be the same as that of the organic layer, or the size of the first electrode may be larger than that of the organic layer. Furthermore, an insulating layer may be formed in a portion between the first electrode and the organic layer. The region in contact with the first electrode and the organic layer is the light-emitting region. The size of the light-emitting region is the size of the region in contact with the first electrode and the organic layer. The size of the light-emitting region may be changed according to the color of the light emitted by the light-emitting element.

[0039] In the light-emitting devices of this disclosure, the organic layer is composed of a laminated structure of at least two light-emitting layers that emit different colors, and the color of the light emitted in the laminated structure can be white light. That is, the organic layer constituting the red light-emitting device (first light-emitting device), the organic layer constituting the green light-emitting device (second light-emitting device), and the organic layer constituting the blue light-emitting device (third light-emitting device) can be configured to emit white light. In this case, the organic layer that emits white light can have a laminated structure of a red light-emitting layer that emits red light, a green light-emitting layer that emits green light, and a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light. Alternatively, the organic layer that emits white light can have a laminated structure of a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light and a yellow light-emitting layer that emits yellow light, or it can have a laminated structure of a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light and an orange light-emitting layer that emits orange light. Specifically, the organic layer can be a laminated structure in which three layers are stacked: a red light emitting layer that emits red light (wavelength: 620nm to 750nm), a green light emitting layer that emits green light (wavelength: 495nm to 570nm), and a blue light emitting layer that emits blue light (wavelength: 450nm to 495nm), and the whole structure emits white light. A red light-emitting element is constructed by combining such a white light-emitting organic layer (light-emitting part) with a wavelength-selective part that allows red light to pass through (or a protective layer or planarization layer that functions as a red color filter layer). A green light-emitting element is constructed by combining a white light-emitting organic layer (light-emitting part) with a wavelength-selective part that allows green light to pass through (or a protective layer or planarization layer that functions as a green color filter layer). A blue light-emitting element is constructed by combining a white light-emitting organic layer (light-emitting part) with a wavelength-selective part that allows blue light to pass through (or a protective layer or planarization layer that functions as a blue color filter layer). A single pixel (light-emitting unit) is composed of a combination of subpixels such as red light-emitting elements, green light-emitting elements, and blue light-emitting elements. In some cases, a single pixel may be composed of a light-emitting element that emits white light (or a light-emitting element that emits complementary color light) in addition to the red light-emitting elements, green light-emitting elements, and blue light-emitting elements.In a configuration consisting of at least two light-emitting layers that emit different colors, the light-emitting layers of different colors may actually be mixed and not clearly separated into individual layers. As mentioned above, the organic layer may be common to multiple light-emitting elements, or it may be provided individually in each light-emitting element.

[0040] As described above, the protective layer or planarization layer that functions as a color filter layer can be made from a well-known color resist material. In the case of a light-emitting element that emits white light, a transparent filter layer can be provided. By making the protective layer also function as a color filter layer, the organic layer and the protective layer (color filter layer) are in close proximity, so even if the light emitted from the light-emitting element is widened, color mixing can be effectively prevented and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.

[0041] Alternatively, the organic layer may consist of a single light-emitting layer. In this case, the light-emitting element can be composed of, for example, a red light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a green light-emitting layer, or a blue light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a blue light-emitting layer. That is, the organic layer constituting the red light-emitting element may emit red light, the organic layer constituting the green light-emitting element may emit green light, and the organic layer constituting the blue light-emitting element may emit blue light. One pixel is composed of these three types of light-emitting elements (sub-pixels). In the case of a color display device, one pixel is composed of these three types of light-emitting elements (sub-pixels). In principle, the formation of a color filter layer is not necessary, but a color filter layer may be provided to improve color purity.

[0042] When a light-emitting element unit (1 pixel) is composed of multiple light-emitting elements (sub-pixels), the size of the light-emitting area of ​​each light-emitting element may be varied. Specifically, the size of the light-emitting area of ​​the third light-emitting element (blue light-emitting element) can be made larger than the size of the light-emitting area of ​​the first light-emitting element (red light-emitting element) and the second light-emitting element (green light-emitting element). This allows the light emission amount of the blue light-emitting element to be greater than that of the red light-emitting element and the green light-emitting element, or it can be made appropriate to the light emission amounts of the blue light-emitting element, the red light-emitting element, and the green light-emitting element, thereby improving image quality. Alternatively, if a light-emitting element unit (1 pixel) is considered to consist of a red light-emitting element, a green light-emitting element, a blue light-emitting element, and a white light-emitting element that emits white light, from the viewpoint of brightness, it is preferable to make the size of the light-emitting area of ​​the green light-emitting element and the white light-emitting element larger than the size of the light-emitting area of ​​the red light-emitting element and the blue light-emitting element. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the lifespan of the light-emitting element, it is preferable to make the size of the light-emitting area of ​​the blue light-emitting element larger than the size of the light-emitting area of ​​the red light-emitting element, the green light-emitting element, and the white light-emitting element. However, this is not limited to these examples.

[0043] The first, second, and third optical path control means can be made from, for example, well-known transparent resin materials such as acrylic resins. These transparent resin materials can be obtained by melt flow, or by etch-back, or by a combination of photolithography techniques using gray-tone masks or half-tone masks and etching methods based on organic or inorganic materials, or by forming the transparent resin material into a lens shape based on nanoimprint lithography. The external shapes of the first, second, and third optical path control means can be, for example, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular, but are not limited to these. For example, the size of the first optical path control means can be converted to the diameter of a circle assuming the external shape of the first optical path control means is circular, and while not limited, a size of less than 1 μm can be exemplified. That is, if the external shape of the first optical path control means is a shape other than circular, the external shape can be transformed into a circle, and the diameter of this circle can be, while not limited, a size of less than 1 μm can be exemplified.

[0044] The first substrate and the second substrate are joined together by a bonding member. Examples of materials that make up the bonding member include thermosetting adhesives such as acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, urethane adhesives, silicone adhesives, and cyanoacrylate adhesives, as well as UV-curing adhesives.

[0045] Examples of materials that can constitute the protective layer or planarization layer include acrylic resins, epoxy resins, and various inorganic materials [for example, SiO2, SiN, SiC, amorphous silicon (α-Si), Al2O3, TiO2]. The protective layer or planarization layer can be a single layer or composed of multiple layers. In the latter case, in the light-emitting element of this disclosure, it is preferable to sequentially decrease the refractive index of the materials constituting the protective layer or planarization layer from the direction of light incidence to the direction of light emission. The protective layer or planarization layer can be formed using known methods such as various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum deposition, and various printing methods such as screen printing. Furthermore, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) can also be used as a method for forming the protective layer. The protective layer or planarization layer may be common to multiple light-emitting elements or may be provided individually in each light-emitting element.

[0046] The first or second substrate can be made from a silicon semiconductor substrate, a high-strain point glass substrate, a soda glass (Na2O·CaO·SiO2) substrate, a borosilicate glass (Na2O·B2O3·SiO2) substrate, a forsterite (2MgO·SiO2) substrate, a lead glass (Na2O·PbO·SiO2) substrate, various glass substrates with an insulating material layer formed on the surface, a quartz substrate, a quartz substrate with an insulating material layer formed on the surface, or an organic polymer (in the form of a flexible plastic film, plastic sheet, or plastic substrate made from a polymer material) such as polymethyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylphenol (PVP), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The materials constituting the first and second substrates may be the same or different. However, because it is a top-emitting display device, the second substrate is required to be transparent to light from the light-emitting element.

[0047] When the first electrode is to function as an anode electrode, examples of materials that can be used to constitute the first electrode include metals or alloys with high work functions such as platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and tantalum (Ta). These include Ag-Pd-Cu alloys, Al-Nd alloys, Al-Cu alloys, and Al-Cu-Ni alloys, which are mainly composed of silver and contain 0.3 to 1 mass% of palladium (Pd) and 0.3 to 1 mass% of copper (Cu). Furthermore, when conductive materials with low work functions and high light reflectivity, such as aluminum (Al) and aluminum-containing alloys, are used, they can be used as anode electrodes by improving the hole injection characteristics by providing an appropriate hole injection layer. Examples of first electrode thicknesses include 0.1 μm to 1 μm. Alternatively, when a light-reflecting layer constituting the resonator structure described later is provided, the first electrode is required to be transparent to light from the light-emitting element. Therefore, the materials constituting the first electrode include indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO, Indium Tin Oxide, Sn-doped In2O3, crystalline ITO and amorphous ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO, Indium Zinc Examples of transparent conductive materials include transparent conductive materials with matrix layers such as Oxide, indium-gallium oxide (IGO), indium-doped gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO, In-GaZnO4), IFO (F-doped In2O3), ITiO (Ti-doped In2O3), InSn, InSnZnO, tin oxide (SnO2), ATO (Sb-doped SnO2), FTO (F-doped SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), B-doped ZnO, AlMgZnO (aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide-doped zinc oxide), antimony oxide, titanium oxide, NiO, spinel-type oxides, oxides having a YbFe2O4 structure, gallium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, nickel oxide, etc.Alternatively, a structure can be constructed in which a transparent conductive material with excellent hole injection properties, such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) or indium-zinc oxide (IZO), is laminated on a highly light-reflective reflective film, such as a dielectric multilayer film or aluminum (Al) or its alloy (e.g., Al-Cu-Ni alloy). On the other hand, when the first electrode is to function as a cathode electrode, it is desirable to use a conductive material with a small work function and high light reflectivity. However, by improving the electron injection properties of a highly light-reflective conductive material used as an anode electrode, such as by providing an appropriate electron injection layer, it can also be used as a cathode electrode.

[0048] When the second electrode is to function as a cathode electrode, the material constituting the second electrode (semi-transparent or light-transmitting material) is preferably a conductive material with a small work function that transmits emitted light and efficiently injects electrons into the organic layer (light-emitting layer). Examples of metals or alloys with small work functions include aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and silver (Ag) [for example, an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) (Mg-Ag alloy)], a magnesium-calcium alloy (Mg-Ca alloy), and an aluminum (Al) and lithium (Li) alloy (Al-Li alloy). Among these, Mg-Ag alloys are preferred, and examples of volume ratios of magnesium to silver include Mg:Ag = 5:1 to 30:1. Alternatively, examples of volume ratios of magnesium to calcium include Mg:Ca = 2:1 to 10:1. Examples of the thickness of the second electrode include 4 nm to 50 nm, preferably 4 nm to 20 nm, more preferably 6 nm to 12 nm. Alternatively, at least one material selected from the group consisting of Ag-Nd-Cu, Ag-Cu, Au, and Al-Cu can be mentioned. Alternatively, the second electrode may consist of the above-mentioned material layer and a so-called transparent electrode (for example, with a thickness of 3 × 10) made of, for example, ITO or IZO, from the organic layer side. -8 m to 1×10 -6A laminated structure with m) is also possible. A bus electrode (auxiliary electrode) made of a low-resistance material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, silver, silver alloy, copper, copper alloy, gold, or gold alloy may be provided with the second electrode to reduce the overall resistance of the second electrode. The average light transmittance of the second electrode is preferably 50% to 90%, more preferably 60% to 90%. On the other hand, when the second electrode functions as an anode electrode, it is desirable to use a conductive material that transmits emitted light and has a large work function.

[0049] Methods for forming the first and second electrodes include, for example, evaporation methods including electron beam evaporation, thermal filament evaporation, and vacuum evaporation; sputtering; chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and MOCVD; a combination of ion plating and etching; various printing methods such as screen printing, inkjet printing, and metal mask printing; plating methods (electroplating and electroless plating); lift-off method; laser ablation; and sol-gel method. Various printing and plating methods make it possible to directly form the first and second electrodes having the desired shape (pattern). Furthermore, when forming the second electrode after forming the organic layer, it is preferable to form it using a film formation method with low energy of the deposition particles, such as vacuum evaporation, or a film formation method such as MOCVD, from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the organic layer. If damage occurs to the organic layer, there is a risk of non-emitting pixels (or non-emitting subpixels) called "extinguishing points" occurring due to the generation of leakage current.

[0050] As mentioned above, the organic layer comprises an emissive layer made of organic emissive material. Specifically, it can be composed of, for example, a laminated structure of a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer; a laminated structure of a hole transport layer and an emissive layer that also functions as an electron transport layer; or a laminated structure of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. Examples of methods for forming the organic layer include physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods such as vacuum deposition; printing methods such as screen printing and inkjet printing; laser transfer methods in which a laser is irradiated onto a laminated structure of a laser absorption layer and an organic layer formed on a transfer substrate to separate the organic layer on the laser absorption layer and transfer the organic layer; and various coating methods. When forming the organic layer based on vacuum deposition, for example, a so-called metal mask can be used, and the organic layer can be obtained by depositing material that has passed through openings provided in the metal mask.

[0051] In the light-emitting element or display device of this disclosure, a substrate, insulating layer, interlayer insulating layer, and interlayer insulating material layer (described later) are formed, and the insulating materials constituting these include SiO2, NSG (non-doped silicate glass), BPSG (boron-phosphorus silicate glass), PSG, BSG, AsSG, SbSG, PbSG, SOG (spin-on glass), LTO (low temperature oxide, low-temperature CVD-SiO2), low-melting-point glass, glass paste, etc. X Examples include silicon-based materials (materials constituting silicon oxide films); SiN-based materials including SiON-based materials; SiOC; SiF; SiCN. Alternatively, titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), and chromium oxide (CrO2). x ), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), tin oxide (SnO2), vanadium oxide (VO2) xExamples of inorganic insulating materials include polyimide resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, and low dielectric constant insulating materials such as SiOCH, organic SOG, and fluororesins (for example, materials with a dielectric constant k (=ε / ε0) of 3.5 or less, specifically, fluorocarbons, cycloperfluorocarbon polymers, benzocyclobutene, cyclic fluororesins, polytetrafluoroethylene, amorphous tetrafluoroethylene, polyaryl ethers, aryl fluoride ethers, fluorinated polyimide, amorphous carbon, parylene (polyparaxylylene), and fluorinated fullerenes). Examples of other materials include Silk (a trademark of The Dow Chemical Co., a coated low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film material) and Flare (a trademark of Honeywell Electronic Materials Co., a polyaryl ether (PAE) material). These can be used individually or in appropriate combinations. The insulating layer, interlayer insulating layer, interlayer insulating material layer, and substrate may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure. Insulating layers, interlayer insulating layers, interlayer insulating material layers, and substrates can be formed using known methods such as various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum deposition, various printing methods such as screen printing, plating, electrodeposition, immersion, and sol-gel methods.

[0052] The outermost surface of the display device that emits light (specifically, the outer surface of the second substrate) may have an ultraviolet absorption layer, a contamination prevention layer, a hard coat layer, or an antistatic layer formed on it, or a protective member (for example, a cover glass) may be provided.

[0053] Below or below the substrate, a light-emitting element drive unit (drive circuit) is provided, although this is not limited to such units. The light-emitting element drive unit is composed of, for example, a transistor (specifically, a MOSFET) formed on the silicon semiconductor substrate constituting the first substrate, or thin-film transistors (TFTs) provided on various substrates constituting the first substrate. The transistors or TFTs constituting the light-emitting element drive unit and the first electrode can be connected via contact holes (contact plugs) formed on the substrate. The light-emitting element drive unit can have a well-known circuit configuration. The second electrode can be connected to the light-emitting element drive unit via contact holes (contact plugs) formed on the substrate, for example, on the outer periphery of the display device (specifically, the outer periphery of the pixel array).

[0054] To further improve the light extraction efficiency, it is preferable for the organic EL display device to have a resonator structure. The resonator structure will be explained in detail later.

[0055] In organic EL display devices, it is desirable that the thickness of the hole transport layer (hole supply layer) and the thickness of the electron transport layer (electron supply layer) be approximately equal. Alternatively, the electron transport layer (electron supply layer) may be thicker than the hole transport layer (hole supply layer), which enables high efficiency at a low driving voltage and sufficient electron supply to the light-emitting layer. Specifically, by placing the hole transport layer between the first electrode, which corresponds to the anode electrode, and the light-emitting layer, and forming it with a thinner film thickness than the electron transport layer, it is possible to increase the supply of holes. As a result, a carrier balance can be obtained in which there is no excess or deficiency of holes and electrons, and the amount of carrier supply is also sufficiently large, thus enabling high luminous efficiency. Furthermore, because there is no excess or deficiency of holes and electrons, the carrier balance is less likely to be disrupted, driving degradation is suppressed, and the luminescence lifetime can be extended.

[0056] Furthermore, in the light-emitting element of this disclosure, including the preferred form and configuration described above, a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) may be formed between wavelength-selecting sections, or above, above, below, or below the wavelength-selecting sections, or between second optical path control means and second optical path control means. This ensures that color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements is reliably suppressed. The light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) may consist of, for example, a black resin film with an optical density of 1 or more mixed with a black coloring agent (specifically, for example, a black polyimide resin), or it may consist of a thin-film filter that utilizes thin-film interference. The thin-film filter may consist of, for example, two or more layers of thin films made of metal, metal nitride, or metal oxide, and it attenuates light by utilizing thin-film interference. Specifically, a thin-film filter may consist of alternating layers of Cr and chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3). The size of the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) may be appropriately changed in accordance with the light emitted by the light-emitting element.

[0057] Furthermore, a light-shielding section may be provided between the light-emitting elements. Specific examples of light-shielding materials that constitute the light-shielding section include materials capable of blocking light, such as titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), and MoSi2. The light-shielding section can be formed by evaporation methods including electron beam evaporation, thermal filament evaporation, and vacuum evaporation, as well as by sputtering, CVD, ion plating, and the like.

[0058] The display device disclosed herein can be used, for example, as a monitor device that constitutes a personal computer, as a monitor device incorporated into a television receiver, mobile phone, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), game console, or as a display device incorporated into a projector. Alternatively, it can be applied to electronic viewfinders (EVFs), head-mounted displays (HMDs), eyewear, AR glasses, and EVRs, and can be applied to display devices for VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality), or AR (Augmented Reality). Alternatively, it can be used to configure image display devices for electronic paper such as e-books and electronic newspapers, billboards such as signs, posters, and blackboards, rewritable paper as a substitute for printer paper, display units for home appliances, card display units such as point cards, electronic advertisements, and electronic point-of-purchase (POP) displays. The display device disclosed herein can be used as a light-emitting device to configure various lighting devices, including backlight devices and planar light source devices for liquid crystal display devices. [Examples]

[0059] Example 1 relates to the light-emitting element and the display device of the present disclosure, and more specifically, to the light-emitting element of the first configuration. In Example 1 or Examples 2 to 8 described later, the display device is composed of an organic electroluminescent display device (organic EL display device) and is an active matrix display device. The light-emitting element is composed of an electroluminescent element (organic EL element), and the light-emitting layer includes an organic electroluminescent layer. Furthermore, the display devices of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 8 described later are top-emission type display devices (top-emitting type display devices) that emit light from a second substrate. Furthermore, in the light-emitting element and display device of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 8 described later (excluding Example 4), the color filter layer, which is the wavelength-selecting part, is provided on the first substrate side, and in the light-emitting element and display device of Example 4 described later, the color filter layer, which is the wavelength-selecting part, is provided on the second substrate side.

[0060] A schematic partial cross-sectional view is shown in Figure 1, and a magnified view of a portion of the light-emitting element is shown in Figure 2. The arrangement relationship between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means is schematically shown in Figures 3A, 3B, 4A, or 4B. The light-emitting element 10 of Embodiment 1 is as follows: A light-emitting section 30 having one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means 71 formed above the light-emitting section 30, and A second optical path control means 72 is formed above or above the first optical path control means group (specifically, above the first optical path control means group in the first embodiment), It is equipped with, The first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 have positive optical power. The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 30 and focused by the first optical path control means 71 is further focused by the second optical path control means 72.

[0061] Furthermore, the display device of Example 1 is The first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42, and, Multiple light-emitting units composed of multiple types of light-emitting elements 10, It is equipped with, Each light-emitting element 10 is made up of the light-emitting element of Example 1. That is, each light-emitting element 10 is A light-emitting section 30 is provided above the first substrate 41 and has one light-emitting region. A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means 71 formed above the light-emitting section 30, and A second optical path control means 72 formed above or above the first optical path control means group, It is equipped with, The first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 have positive optical power. The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 30 and focused by the first optical path control means 71 is further focused by the second optical path control means 72.

[0062] Furthermore, the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means 71 is included in the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means 72. Also, as schematically shown in Figures 3A and 3B regarding the arrangement relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72, the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means 71 is located on the outer periphery and inside of the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means 72. Alternatively, as schematically shown in Figures 4A and 4B regarding the arrangement relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72, the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means 71 is located on the outer periphery of the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means 72. In the examples shown in Figures 3A and 4A, the planar shapes of the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 are circular, while in the examples shown in Figures 3B and 4B, the planar shapes of the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 are square. Also, in Figures 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B, the solid line represents the second optical path control means 72, and the dotted line represents the first optical path control means 71.

[0063] Furthermore, the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 are made of plano-convex lenses having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting unit 30. That is, the light-emitting surface 71b of the first optical path control means 71 (first lens member) has a convex shape, and the light-incident surface 71a is flat. The light-emitting surface 72b of the second optical path control means 72 (second lens member) has a convex shape. The second optical path control means 72 covers the first optical path control means 71, but assuming that the first optical path control means 71 is removed, the light-incident surface of the second optical path control means 72 is flat. The first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 are made from a part of a sphere.

[0064] Furthermore, a wavelength selection section (specifically, a color filter layer) CF is provided above the light-emitting section 30, and the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 are provided above or above the wavelength selection section CF (above in the illustrated example). That is, the light emitted from the light-emitting section 30 passes through the wavelength selection section CF, the first optical path control means 71, and the second optical path control means 72 in that order. The wavelength selection section CF is specifically the color filter layer CF R CF G CF B It is composed of the above and is provided on the first substrate side. Thus, the color filter layer CF has an on-chip color filter layer structure (OCCF structure). This makes it possible to shorten the distance between the organic layer 33 and the wavelength selector CF, and suppress the occurrence of color mixing when light emitted from the organic layer 33 is incident on an adjacent wavelength selector CF of another color. The center of the wavelength selector (color filter layer) CF passes through the center of the light-emitting region.

[0065] Here, the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 are made of acrylic resin. When the refractive index of the material constituting the wavelength selection section CF, which is the base of the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72, is n0, n0≧n1>n2 It satisfies the following. Specifically, n0 = 1.7 n1=1.65 n² = 1.6 Furthermore, the joining member 35 is made of an acrylic adhesive with a refractive index n0’ = 1.35. Note that the acrylic resin constituting the first optical path control means 71, the acrylic resin constituting the second optical path control means 72, and the acrylic adhesive constituting the joining member 35 are different. The second optical path control means 72 and the wavelength selection unit CF and the second substrate 42 (specifically, the base layer 36 formed on the inner surface of the second substrate 42) are bonded together by the joining member 35.

[0066] In the display device of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 8 described later, one light-emitting element unit (pixel) includes three light-emitting elements (three sub-pixels): a first light-emitting element (red light-emitting element) 101, a second light-emitting element (green light-emitting element) 102, and a third light-emitting element (blue light-emitting element) 103. The organic layer 33 constituting the first light-emitting element 101, the organic layer 33 constituting the second light-emitting element 102, and the organic layer 33 constituting the third light-emitting element 103 emit white light as a whole. That is, the first light-emitting element 101 that emits red light is composed of an organic layer 33 that emits white light and a red color filter layer CF R in combination. The second light-emitting element 102 that emits green light is composed of an organic layer 33 that emits white light and a green color filter layer CF G in combination. The third light-emitting element 103 that emits blue light is composed of an organic layer 33 that emits white light and a blue color filter layer CF B in combination. In some cases, in addition to the first light-emitting element (red light-emitting element) 101, the second light-emitting element (green light-emitting element) 102, and the third light-emitting element (blue light-emitting element) 103, a light-emitting element (or a light-emitting element that emits complementary light) 104 that emits white (or a fourth color) may be used to constitute the light-emitting element unit (one pixel). The first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103 have substantially the same configuration and structure except for the configuration of the color filter layer and, in some cases, the arrangement position of the light-emitting layer in the thickness direction of the organic layer. The number of pixels is, for example, 1920 × 1080, one light-emitting element (display element) 10 constitutes one sub-pixel, and the number of light-emitting elements (specifically, organic EL elements) 10 is three times the number of pixels.

[0067] In the display devices of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 8 described later, the light-emitting element is specifically: first electrode 31, Organic layer 33 formed on the first electrode 31, A second electrode 32 formed on the organic layer 33, A protective layer (planarization layer) 34 formed on the second electrode 32, and A color filter layer CF (CF) formed on (or above) the protective layer 34. R CF G CF B ), It is composed of the following. In Example 1, the light-emitting element 10 is formed on the first substrate side. That is, a color filter layer CF is arranged above the second electrode 32, and the second substrate 42 is arranged above the color filter layer CF. The following description can, in principle, be appropriately applied to Examples 2 to 8 described later, except for the arrangement of the color filter layer CF.

[0068] Then, light from the organic layer 33 is emitted to the outside via the second electrode 32, protective layer 34, color filter layer CF, first optical path control means 71, second optical path control means 72, bonding member 35, base layer 36, and second substrate 42.

[0069] Below the substrate 26, which is made of an insulating material formed by the CVD method, a light-emitting element drive unit (drive circuit) is provided. The light-emitting element drive unit can have a well-known circuit configuration. The light-emitting element drive unit is composed of transistors (specifically, MOSFETs) formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate corresponding to the first substrate 41. The transistor 20, which is a MOSFET, is composed of a gate insulating layer 22 formed on the first substrate 41, a gate electrode 21 formed on the gate insulating layer 22, a source / drain region 24 formed on the first substrate 41, a channel forming region 23 formed between the source / drain regions 24, and an element isolation region 25 surrounding the channel forming region 23 and the source / drain region 24. The transistor 20 and the first electrode 31 are electrically connected via a contact plug 27 provided on the substrate 26. In the drawings, one transistor 20 is shown for one light-emitting element drive unit. Examples of insulating materials constituting the substrate 26 include SiO2, SiN, and SiON.

[0070] Furthermore, the light-emitting section 30 is provided on the substrate 26. Specifically, the first electrode 31 of each light-emitting element 10 is provided on the substrate 26. An insulating layer 28 having an opening 28' at the bottom in which the first electrode 31 is exposed is formed on the substrate 26, and the organic layer 33 is formed at least on the first electrode 31 exposed at the bottom of the opening 28'. Specifically, the organic layer 33 is formed from the first electrode 31 exposed at the bottom of the opening 28' on top of the insulating layer 28, and the insulating layer 28 is formed from the first electrode 31 on top of the substrate 26. The portion of the organic layer 33 that actually emits light is surrounded by the insulating layer 28. That is, the light-emitting region consists of the first electrode 31 and the region of the organic layer 33 formed on the first electrode 31, and is provided on the substrate 26. In other words, the region of the organic layer 33 surrounded by the insulating layer 28 corresponds to the light-emitting region. The insulating layer 28 and the second electrode 32 are covered by a protective layer 34 made of SiN. On top of the protective layer 34, a wavelength-selective portion CF (color filter layer CF) made of a well-known material is placed in a well-known manner. R CF G CF BA protective layer 34 is formed, and a wavelength-selective portion CF is formed on top of the protective layer 34.

[0071] The first electrode 31 functions as the anode electrode, and the second electrode 32 functions as the cathode electrode. The first electrode 31 consists of a light-reflective material layer, specifically, for example, an Al-Nd alloy layer, an Al-Cu alloy layer, or an Al-Ti alloy layer with an ITO layer in a laminated structure, while the second electrode 32 consists of a transparent conductive material such as ITO. The first electrode 31 is formed on the substrate 26 based on a combination of vacuum deposition and etching. The second electrode 32 is formed by a film deposition method with low energy of the deposition particles, particularly vacuum deposition, and is not patterned. That is, the second electrode 32 is a common electrode in multiple light-emitting elements 10, and is a so-called solid electrode. The second electrode 32 is connected to the light-emitting element drive unit at the outer periphery of the display device (specifically, the outer periphery of the pixel array) via a contact hole (contact plug) formed in the substrate 26 (not shown). Furthermore, an auxiliary electrode connected to the second electrode 32 may be provided below the second electrode 32 on the outer periphery of the display device, and the auxiliary electrode may be connected to the light-emitting element drive unit. The organic layer 33 is also not patterned. That is, the organic layer 33 is provided in common to multiple light-emitting elements 10. However, it is not limited to this, and the organic layer 33 may be provided independently for each light-emitting element 10. The first substrate 41 is made of a silicon semiconductor substrate, and the second substrate 42 is made of a glass substrate.

[0072] In Example 1, the organic layer 33 has a laminated structure comprising a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emissive layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL). The emissive layer is composed of at least two emissive layers that emit different colors, and the light emitted from the organic layer 33 is white. Specifically, the organic layer has a laminated structure of three layers: a red light emissive layer that emits red light, a green light emissive layer that emits green light, and a blue light emissive layer that emits blue light. The organic layer can also have a laminated structure of two layers: a blue light emissive layer that emits blue light and a yellow light emissive layer that emits yellow light (emitting white light overall), or a laminated structure of two layers: a blue light emissive layer that emits blue light and an orange light emissive layer that emits orange light (emitting white light overall). As described above, the first light-emitting element 101 that should display red has a red color filter layer CF R The second light-emitting element 102, which should display green, is equipped with a green color filter layer CF G The third light-emitting element 103, which should display blue, is equipped with a blue color filter layer CF B It is equipped with this feature.

[0073] The hole injection layer is a layer that enhances hole injection efficiency and also functions as a buffer layer to prevent leakage, and its thickness is, for example, about 2 nm to 10 nm. The hole injection layer consists of a hexaazatriphenylene derivative represented by the following formula (A) or formula (B). Note that if the end face of the hole injection layer comes into contact with the second electrode, it becomes the main cause of brightness variations between pixels, leading to a decrease in display image quality.

[0074] [ka]

[0075] Here, R 1 ~R 6Each of these substituents is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl group, amino group, allureamino group, substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl ester group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 30 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 30 or fewer carbon atoms, nitrile group, cyano group, nitro group, or silyl group, and adjacent R m (m=1~6) may be connected to each other via a ring structure. Also, X 1 ~X 6 Each of these is independently either a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.

[0076] [ka]

[0077] The hole transport layer is a layer that increases the efficiency of hole transport to the light-emitting layer. In the light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, recombination of electrons and holes occurs, generating light. The electron transport layer is a layer that increases the efficiency of electron transport to the light-emitting layer, and the electron injection layer is a layer that increases the efficiency of electron injection into the light-emitting layer.

[0078] The hole transport layer consists, for example, of 4,4',4”-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) or α-naphthylphenyldiamine (αNPD) with a thickness of about 40 nm.

[0079] The light-emitting layer is a light-emitting layer that produces white light by mixing colors, and for example, as described above, it is made up of a stack of red light-emitting layers, a green light-emitting layer and a blue light-emitting layer.

[0080] In the red light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, some of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and some of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine, generating red light. Such a red light-emitting layer includes, for example, at least one material from among a red light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a dual-charge-transporting material. The red light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. A red light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 5 nm is, for example, made of 4,4-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (DPVBi) mixed with 30% by mass of 2,6-bis[(4'-methoxydiphenylamino)styryl]-1,5-dicyanonaphthalene (BSN).

[0081] In the green light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, some of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and some of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine, generating green light. Such a green light-emitting layer includes, for example, at least one material from among a green light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a dual-charge-transporting material. The green light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. A green light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 10 nm is, for example, made of DPVBi mixed with 5% by mass of coumarin 6.

[0082] In the blue light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, some of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and some of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine, generating blue light. Such a blue light-emitting layer includes, for example, at least one material from among a blue light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a dual-charge-transporting material. The blue light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. A blue light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 30 nm is, for example, made of DPVBi mixed with 2.5 mass% of 4,4'-bis[2-{4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl}vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi).

[0083] The electron transport layer, with a thickness of approximately 20 nm, is made of, for example, 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3). The electron injection layer, with a thickness of approximately 0.3 nm, is made of, for example, LiF or Li2O.

[0084] However, the materials constituting each layer are examples only and are not limited to these materials. Also, for example, the light-emitting layer may consist of a blue light-emitting layer and a yellow light-emitting layer, or a blue light-emitting layer and an orange light-emitting layer.

[0085] In the display device of Example 1, the sub-pixel array can be a delta array as shown in Figure 7A, a stripe array as shown in Figure 7B, a diagonal array as shown in Figure 7C, or a rectangle array. In some cases, as shown in Figure 7D, one pixel may be composed of a first light-emitting element 101, a second light-emitting element 102, a third light-emitting element 103, and a fourth light-emitting element 104 that emits white light (or a fourth light-emitting element that emits complementary color light). For the fourth light-emitting element 104 that emits white light, a transparent filter layer may be provided instead of a color filter layer. Alternatively, a square array as shown in Figure 7E may be used. In the example shown in Figure 7E, the ratio of (area of ​​first light-emitting element 101):(area of ​​second light-emitting element 102):(area of ​​third light-emitting element 103) is 1:1:2, but it may also be 1:1:1.

[0086] In the display devices of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 8 described later, the arrangement of the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103 is specifically a delta arrangement, but it is not limited to this. Note that the schematic partial cross-sectional views of the display device shown in Figure 1, and later in Figures 8, 9, 10, 14, and 19 differ from the schematic partial cross-sectional views of the display device in which the light-emitting elements 10 are arranged in a delta arrangement, in order to simplify the drawings.

[0087] In Example 1 or in Examples 2 to 8 described later, the light-emitting element 10 may have a resonator structure in which the organic layer 33 is the resonant part. In order to appropriately adjust the distance from the light-emitting surface to the reflective surface (specifically, for example, the distance from the light-emitting surface to the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32), the thickness of the organic layer 33 is 8 × 10 -8 m or more, 5×10 -7 It is preferable that it is less than or equal to m, and 1.5 × 10 -7 m or more, 3.5×10 -7 It is more preferable that m is less than or equal to m. In an organic EL display device having a resonator structure, the first light-emitting element (red light-emitting element) 101 resonates the light emitted in the light-emitting layer and emits reddish light (light having a peak in the red region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode 32. The second light-emitting element (green light-emitting element) 102 resonates the light emitted in the light-emitting layer and emits greenish light (light having a peak in the green region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode 32. Furthermore, the third light-emitting element (blue light-emitting element) 103 resonates the light emitted in the light-emitting layer and emits bluish light (light having a peak in the blue region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode 32.

[0088] The following describes the general method for manufacturing the light-emitting element of Example 1 shown in Figure 1.

[0089] [Process-100] First, a light-emitting element drive unit is formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate (first substrate 41) based on a known MOSFET manufacturing process.

[0090] [Process-110] Next, a substrate 26 is formed over the entire surface based on the CVD method.

[0091] [Process-120] Next, connection holes are formed in the substrate 26 located above one of the source / drain regions of the transistor 20 using photolithography and etching techniques. Subsequently, a metal layer is formed on the substrate 26 including the connection holes, for example, by sputtering, and then the metal layer is patterned using photolithography and etching techniques to form a first electrode 31 on a portion of the substrate 26. The first electrode 31 is separated for each light-emitting element. At the same time, contact holes (contact plugs) 27 can be formed within the connection holes to electrically connect the first electrode 31 and the transistor 20.

[0092] [Process-130] Subsequently, for example, an insulating layer 28 is formed over the entire surface based on the CVD method, and then an opening 28' is formed in a part of the insulating layer 28 on the first electrode 31 based on photolithography and etching techniques. The first electrode 31 is exposed at the bottom of the opening 28'.

[0093] [Process-140] Next, an organic layer 33 is formed on the first electrode 31 and the insulating layer 28 by a PVD method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or a coating method such as spin coating or die coating. Then, a second electrode 32 is formed over the entire surface, for example, by vacuum deposition. In this way, the organic layer 33 and the second electrode 32 can be formed on the first electrode 31. In some cases, the organic layer 33 may be patterned into a desired shape.

[0094] [Process-150] Subsequently, a protective layer 34 is formed over the entire surface, for example by CVD or PVD, or by a coating method, and the top surface of the protective layer 34 is planarized. Since the protective layer 34 can be formed based on a coating method, there are fewer constraints on the processing process, a wide range of material selection is possible, and high refractive index materials can be used. Then, on top of the protective layer 34, a wavelength-selective section CF (color filter layer CF) is formed based on a well-known method. R CF G CF B ) forms.

[0095] [Process-160] Next, the color filter layer CF(CF) R CF G CF B A first lens forming layer for forming the first optical path control means 71 is formed on top of the first lens forming layer, and a first resist material layer is formed on top of the first resist material layer. The first resist material layer is then patterned and subjected to heat treatment to form a lens shape. Next, the first resist material layer and the first lens forming layer are etched back to transfer the shape formed on the first resist material layer to the first lens forming layer. In this way, the first optical path control means 71 (first lens member) can be obtained.

[0096] [Process-170] Subsequently, a second lens-forming layer for forming the second optical path control means 72 is formed on the first optical path control means 71, and a second resist material layer is formed on top of it. Then, the second resist material layer is patterned and further subjected to heat treatment to form a lens shape. Next, the shape formed on the second resist material layer is transferred to the second lens-forming layer by etching back the second resist material layer and the second lens-forming layer. In this way, the second optical path control means 72 (first lens member) can be obtained.

[0097] [Process-180] Then, the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 are bonded together via a bonding member (sealing resin layer) 35, specifically the color filter layer CF and the second optical path control means 72, and the underlayer 36 formed on the inner surface of the second substrate 42. In this way, the light-emitting element and display device (organic EL display device) shown in Figures 1 and 2 can be obtained.

[0098] In the light-emitting element or display device of Example 1, light emitted from the outer edge of the light-emitting region is incident on the first optical path control means and emitted in a direction toward the normal LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region. Since the second optical path control means is provided on top of the first optical path control means, such light further propagates toward the normal LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region. As a result, it is possible to provide a light-emitting element and display device with a configuration and structure that makes optical crosstalk less likely to occur, and moreover, the efficiency of front light extraction can be improved. Furthermore, since the second optical path control means can be formed on top of the first optical path control means, it is possible to avoid complicated manufacturing of the light-emitting element and display device, and a wide range of desired structures can be obtained.

[0099] Schematic partial cross-sectional views of parts of modified examples 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, and 4 of the light-emitting element of Example 1 are shown in Figures 5A, 5B, 6A, and 6B.

[0100] In the modified light-emitting element of Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 5A, a third optical path control means (third lens member) 73 is provided between the wavelength selection unit CF and the first optical path control means 71. The first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73 have a one-to-one relationship. That is, one third optical path control means 73 is provided for one first optical path control means 71. Furthermore, in the modified light-emitting element of Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 5B, the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73 have a one-to-many relationship. That is, multiple (for example, four) third optical path control means 73 are provided for one first optical path control means 71. Specifically, in the example shown in Figures 5A and 5B, a wavelength selector CF is provided on the protective layer 34, a third optical path control means 73 is provided on the wavelength selector CF, a first optical path control means 71 is provided on the third optical path control means 73, and a second optical path control means 72 is provided on the first optical path control means 71. The third optical path control means 73 also consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting part 30.

[0101] In modified versions 3 and 4 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1 shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the third optical path control means 73 is provided below or below the wavelength selection unit CF (in the illustrated example, below the second protective layer 34A provided below the wavelength selection unit CF). In modified version 3 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 6A, there is a one-to-one relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, one third optical path control means 73 is provided for one first optical path control means 71. In modified version 4 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 6B, there is a one-to-many relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, multiple (for example, four) third optical path control means 73 are provided for one first optical path control means 71. Specifically, in the example shown in Figures 6A and 6B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided on the protective layer 34, a second protective layer 34A is provided on the third optical path control means 73, a wavelength selection unit CF is provided on the second protective layer 34A, and a first optical path control means 71 and a second optical path control means 72 are provided on the wavelength selection unit CF.

[0102] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of Modification 5 of the light-emitting element of Example 1, the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) BM can be formed between the wavelength-selecting sections CF of adjacent light-emitting elements. As shown in Figure 9, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of Modification 6 of the display device of Example 1, the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) BM can be formed below the space between the wavelength-selecting sections CF of adjacent light-emitting elements. As shown in Figure 10, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of Modification 7 of the display device of Example 1, the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) BM can be formed between the second optical path control means 72 of adjacent light-emitting elements. The black matrix layer BM consists of, for example, a black resin film with an optical density of 1 or more, mixed with a black coloring agent (specifically, for example, a black polyimide resin). These Modifications 5, 6, and 7 can be appropriately applied to Modifications 1, 2, 3, and 4, and can also be applied to other embodiments.

[0103] The protective layer can also function as a color filter layer. That is, such a protective layer can be made from a well-known color resist material. By making the protective layer function as a color filter layer in this way, it becomes possible to place the organic layer and the protective layer in close proximity, which effectively prevents color mixing even when the light emitted from the light-emitting element is widened, and improves the viewing angle characteristics. [Examples]

[0104] Example 2 is a modification of Example 1 and relates to a second configuration of light-emitting element. As shown in Figure 11, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a part of the light-emitting element of Example 2 is provided between the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72, where a wavelength selection unit CF is provided. Specifically, the first optical path control means 71 is provided on the protective layer 34, the second protective layer 34B is provided on the first optical path control means 71, the wavelength selection unit CF is provided on the second protective layer 34B, and the second optical path control means 72 is provided on the wavelength selection unit CF.

[0105] Since the configuration and structure of the light-emitting element and display device in Example 2 can be the same as those described in Example 1, a detailed explanation will be omitted.

[0106] Schematic partial cross-sectional views of parts of modified examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the light-emitting element of Example 2 are shown in Figures 12A, 12B, 13A, and 13B.

[0107] In the modified versions 1 and 2 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 2 shown in Figures 12A and 12B, the third optical path control means 73 is provided below or below the first optical path control means 71 (below the first optical path control means 71 in the illustrated example). In modified version 1 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 2 shown in Figure 12A, there is a one-to-one relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, one third optical path control means 73 is provided for one first optical path control means 71. In modified version 2 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 2 shown in Figure 12B, there is a one-to-many relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, multiple (for example, four) third optical path control means 73 are provided for one first optical path control means 71. Specifically, in the example shown in Figures 12A and 12B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided on the protective layer 34, a first optical path control means 71 is provided on the third optical path control means 73, a second protective layer 34B is provided on the first optical path control means 71, a wavelength selector CF is provided on the second protective layer 34B, and a second optical path control means 72 is provided on the wavelength selector CF.

[0108] In modified versions 3 and 4 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 2 shown in Figures 13A and 13B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided below or below the wavelength-selecting section CF (in the illustrated example, below the third protective layer 34C provided below the wavelength-selecting section CF). In modified version 3 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 2 shown in Figure 13A, there is a one-to-one relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, one third optical path control means 73 is provided for one first optical path control means 71. In modified version 4 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 2 shown in Figure 13B, there is a one-to-many relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, multiple (for example, four) third optical path control means 73 are provided for one first optical path control means 71. Specifically, in the example shown in Figures 13A and 13B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided on the protective layer 34, a third protective layer 34C is provided on the third optical path control means 73, a first optical path control means 71 is provided on the third protective layer 34C, a second protective layer 34B is provided on the first optical path control means 71, a wavelength selector CF is provided on the second protective layer 34B, and a second optical path control means 72 is provided on the wavelength selector CF. [Examples]

[0109] Example 3 is also a variation of Example 1 and relates to a third configuration of light-emitting element. A schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 3 is shown in Figure 14, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a part of the light-emitting element is shown in Figure 15. In the light-emitting element of Example 3, a wavelength selection unit CF is provided above or above the second optical path control means 72 (above the second optical path control means 72 in the illustrated example). Specifically, a first optical path control means 71 is provided on the protective layer 34, a second optical path control means 72 is provided on the first optical path control means 71, and a base layer 36 and a wavelength selection unit CF are sequentially provided on the inner surface of the second substrate 42, and the second optical path control means 72, the protective layer 34 and the wavelength selection unit CF are bonded together by a bonding member 35.

[0110] Since the configuration and structure of the light-emitting element and display device in Example 3 can be the same as those described in Example 1, a detailed explanation will be omitted.

[0111] Schematic partial cross-sectional views of parts of modified examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the light-emitting element of Example 3 are shown in Figures 16A, 16B, 17A, 17B, 18A, and 18B.

[0112] In the modified versions 1 and 2 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 3 shown in Figures 16A and 16B, the third optical path control means 73 is provided below or below the first optical path control means 71 (below the first optical path control means 71 in the illustrated example). In modified version 1 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 3 shown in Figure 16A, there is a one-to-one relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, one third optical path control means 73 is provided for one first optical path control means 71. In modified version 2 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 3 shown in Figure 16B, there is a one-to-many relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, multiple (for example, four) third optical path control means 73 are provided for one first optical path control means 71. Specifically, in the example shown in Figures 16A and 16B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided on the protective layer 34, a first optical path control means 71 is provided on the third optical path control means 73, and a second optical path control means 72 is provided on the first optical path control means 71.

[0113] In the modified versions 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 3 shown in Figures 17A, 17B, 18A, and 18B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided below the first optical path control means 71. In the modified versions 3 and 5 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 3 shown in Figures 17A and 18A, there is a one-to-one relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, one third optical path control means 73 is provided for one first optical path control means 71. Furthermore, in the modified versions 4 and 6 of the light-emitting element of Embodiment 3 shown in Figures 17B and 18B, there is a one-to-many relationship between the first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73. That is, multiple (for example, four) third optical path control means 73 are provided for one first optical path control means 71. Specifically, in the examples shown in Figures 17A and 17B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided on the protective layer 34, a second protective layer 34D is provided on the third optical path control means 73, a first optical path control means 71 is provided on the second protective layer 34D, and a second optical path control means 72 is provided on the first optical path control means 71. Also, in the examples shown in Figures 18A and 18B, a third optical path control means 73 is provided on the protective layer 34, a third protective layer 34E is provided on the third optical path control means 73, a first optical path control means 71 is provided on the third protective layer 34E, a second protective layer 34D is provided on the first optical path control means 71, and a second optical path control means 72 is provided on the second protective layer 34D. [Examples]

[0114] Example 4 is a modification of Examples 1 to 3. As shown in Figure 19, a schematic partial cross-sectional view, in the light-emitting element and display device of Example 4, the first optical path control means 71 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part 30, and the second optical path control means 72 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting part 30. Specifically, a wavelength selection unit CF is provided on the protective layer 34. On the other hand, the base layer 36, the second optical path control means 72, the second base layer 36A, and the first optical path control means 71 are sequentially provided on the inner surface of the second substrate 42. The second base layer 36A, the first optical path control means 71, and the wavelength selection unit CF are bonded together by a bonding member 35.

[0115] Since the configuration and structure of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 4 can be the same as those described in Example 1, a detailed explanation will be omitted. It goes without saying that the modifications-1,-2,-3, and-4 of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3, and the modifications-5 and-6 of Example 3 can be applied to the light-emitting element and display device of Example 4 as appropriate. The third optical path control means 73 also consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction approaching the light-emitting part 30. [Examples]

[0116] Example 5 is a modification of Examples 1 to 4. A schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element of Example 5 is shown in Figure 20, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element of Example 5 is shown in Figure 21 to explain the behavior of light from the light-emitting element of Example 5.

[0117] In the light-emitting element 10 of Example 5, the light-emitting portion 30' has a convex cross-sectional shape toward the first substrate 41. Specifically, A recess 29 is provided on the surface 26A of the base body 26. At least a portion of the first electrode 31 is formed to conform to the shape of the top surface of the recess 29. The organic layer 33 is formed on the first electrode 31, with at least a portion of it conforming to the shape of the top surface of the first electrode 31. The second electrode 32 is formed on the organic layer 33, following the shape of the top surface of the organic layer 33. The protective layer 34 is formed on the second electrode 32.

[0118] In the light-emitting element of Example 5, the entirety of the first electrode 31 is formed within the recess 29 in accordance with the shape of the top surface of the recess 29, and the entirety of the organic layer 33 is formed on the first electrode 31 in accordance with the shape of the top surface of the first electrode 31.

[0119] In the light-emitting element 10 of Example 5, a fourth protective layer 34F is formed between the second electrode 32 and the protective layer 34. The fourth protective layer 34F is formed to conform to the shape of the top surface of the second electrode 32. Here, when the refractive index of the material constituting the protective layer (planarization layer) 34 is n3 and the refractive index of the material constituting the fourth protective layer 34F is n4, the condition n3 > n4 is satisfied. The value of (n3-n4) is not limited, but examples include 0.1 to 0.6. Specifically, the material constituting the protective layer 34 consists of a material whose refractive index is adjusted (increased) by adding TiO2 to a base material made of acrylic resin, or a material whose refractive index is adjusted (increased) by adding TiO2 to a base material made of the same type of material as a color resist material (however, a colorless transparent material without added pigment), and the material constituting the fourth protective layer 34F consists of SiN, SiON, Al2O3, or TiO2. For example, n3 = 2.0 n4 = 1.6 Therefore, by forming such a fourth protective layer 34F, as shown in Figure 21, some of the light emitted from the organic layer 33 passes through the second electrode 32 and the fourth protective layer 34F and enters the protective layer 34, and some of the light emitted from the organic layer 33 is reflected by the first electrode 31, passes through the second electrode 32 and the fourth protective layer 34F and enters the protective layer 34. In this way, an internal lens is formed by the fourth protective layer 34F and the protective layer 34, and as a result, the light emitted from the organic layer 33 can be focused toward the central part of the light-emitting element.

[0120] Alternatively, in the light-emitting element of Example 5, the angle of incidence of the light emitted from the organic layer 33 and incident on the protective layer 34 via the second electrode 32 is θ. i The angle of refraction of light incident on the protective layer 34 is θ r When |θ r If |≠0, |θ i |>|θ r | This satisfies the following conditions. By satisfying these conditions, some of the light emitted from the organic layer 33 passes through the second electrode 32 and enters the protective layer 34, and some of the light emitted from the organic layer 33 is reflected by the first electrode 31, passes through the second electrode 32, and enters the protective layer 34. As a result of forming an internal lens in this way, the light emitted from the organic layer 33 can be focused toward the central part of the light-emitting element.

[0121] As described above, by forming a recess, the front light extraction efficiency can be further improved compared to the case where the first electrode, organic layer, and second electrode have a flat laminated structure.

[0122] In order to form a recess 29 in the portion of the substrate 26 on which the light-emitting element is to be formed, specifically, a mask layer 61 made of SiN is formed on the substrate 26 made of SiO2, and a resist layer 62 with a shape for forming the recess is formed on the mask layer 61 (see Figures 24A and 24B). Then, the shape formed on the resist layer 62 is transferred to the mask layer 61 by etch-back the resist layer 62 and the mask layer 61 (see Figure 24C). Subsequently, after forming a resist layer 63 over the entire surface (see Figure 25A), the recess 29 can be formed in the substrate 26 by etch-back the resist layer 63, the mask layer 61 and the substrate 26 (see Figure 25B). By appropriately selecting the material for the resist layer 63 and setting the etching conditions when etching back the resist layer 63, mask layer 61, and substrate 26, specifically by selecting a material system and etching conditions in which the etching rate of the resist layer 63 is slower than the etching rate of the mask layer 61, a recess 29 can be formed in the substrate 26.

[0123] Alternatively, a resist layer 64 having an opening 65 can be formed on the substrate 26 (see Figure 26A). Then, by wet etching the substrate 26 through the opening 65, a recess 29 can be formed in the substrate 26 (see Figure 26B).

[0124] Alternatively, for example, a fourth protective layer 34F may be formed over the entire surface based on the ALD method. The fourth protective layer 34F is formed on the second electrode 32, following the shape of the top surface of the second electrode 32, and has the same thickness within the recess 29. Next, after forming the protective layer 34 over the entire surface based on the coating method, the top surface of the protective layer 34 may be flattened.

[0125] As described above, in the light-emitting element of Example 5, a recess is provided on the surface of the substrate, and the first electrode, organic layer, and second electrode are formed substantially to conform to the shape of the top surface of the recess. Since the recess is formed in this way, the recess can function as a kind of concave mirror, which results in a further improvement in the front light extraction efficiency, a significant improvement in current-luminescence efficiency, and without a substantial increase in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, since the thickness of the organic layer is constant, a resonator structure can be easily formed. Moreover, since the thickness of the first electrode is constant, it is possible to suppress phenomena such as coloration and brightness changes of the first electrode that depend on the viewing angle of the display device, which are caused by changes in the thickness of the first electrode.

[0126] Furthermore, since the region other than the recess 29 is also composed of a laminated structure of the first electrode 32, the organic layer 33, and the second electrode 32, light is emitted from this region as well. This may lead to a decrease in light collection efficiency and a decrease in monochromatic chromaticity due to light leakage from adjacent pixels. Here, since the boundary between the insulating layer 28 and the first electrode 31 becomes the edge of the light-emitting area, the region from which light is emitted can be optimized by optimizing this boundary.

[0127] In particular, in microdisplays with small pixel pitches, even if the depth of the recess is made shallow and the organic layer is formed within the recess, high front light extraction efficiency can be achieved, making it suitable for future mobile applications. The light-emitting element of Example 5 has an even greater current-luminous efficiency compared to conventional light-emitting elements, enabling longer lifespan and higher brightness for both the light-emitting element and the display device. Furthermore, its applications in eyewear, AR (Augmented Reality) glasses, and EVRs are greatly expanded.

[0128] The deeper the recess, the more effectively the light emitted from the organic layer and reflected by the first electrode can be focused toward the center of the light-emitting element. However, when the recess is deep, it can be difficult to form the organic layer above the recess. Nevertheless, since the fourth protective layer and the protective layer form an internal lens, even if the recess is shallow, the light reflected by the first electrode can be focused toward the center of the light-emitting element, further improving the front light extraction efficiency. Moreover, because the internal lens is formed self-aligned with respect to the organic layer, there is no misalignment between the organic layer and the internal lens. Furthermore, the formation of the recess and internal lens increases the angle of light passing through the color filter layer with respect to the base virtual plane, effectively preventing color mixing between adjacent pixels. This improves the color gamut reduction caused by optical color mixing between adjacent pixels, thereby improving the color gamut of the display device. Furthermore, generally speaking, the closer the organic layer and the lens are, the more efficiently light can be spread across a wider angle. However, because the distance between the internal lens and the organic layer is very short, the design width and degree of freedom for the light-emitting element are greatly expanded. Moreover, by appropriately selecting the thickness and material of the protective layer and the third protective layer, the distance between the internal lens and the organic layer and the curvature of the internal lens can be changed, further expanding the design width and degree of freedom for the light-emitting element. In addition, since heat treatment is not required for the formation of the internal lens, the organic layer is not damaged.

[0129] In the example shown in Figure 20, the cross-sectional shape of the recess 29 is a smooth curve when the recess 29 is cut by a virtual plane containing the axis AX of the recess 29. However, as shown in Figure 22A, the cross-sectional shape can also be part of a trapezoid, or as shown in Figure 22B, it can be a combination of a straight slope 29A and a smooth curved bottom 29B. Note that the second optical path control means 72 and the base layer 36 are not shown in Figures 22A and 22B. By making the cross-sectional shape of the recess 29 one of these shapes, the inclination angle of the slope 29A can be increased. As a result, even if the depth of the recess 29 is shallow, the extraction of light emitted from the organic layer 33 and reflected by the first electrode 31 in the forward direction can be improved.

[0130] Figures 23A and 23B show schematic partial cross-sectional views of the substrate 26 before the formation of the first electrode 31, etc. However, the light-emitting portion can also have an uneven cross-sectional shape toward the first substrate 41. After forming the substrate 26 as shown in Figures 23A and 23B, the first electrode 31, organic layer 33, and second electrode 32 can be formed sequentially. [Examples]

[0131] Example 6 is a modification of Examples 1 to 5. The light-emitting element of Example 6 has a resonator structure. That is, it is preferable for the organic EL display device to have a resonator structure in order to further improve the light extraction efficiency. When a resonator structure is provided, as described above, the organic layer 33 may be used as the resonant part and the resonator structure may be sandwiched between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32. Alternatively, as described in Example 6, a light-reflecting layer 37 may be formed below the first electrode 31 (towards the first substrate 41), an interlayer insulating material layer 38 may be formed between the first electrode 31 and the light-reflecting layer 37, and the organic layer 33 and the interlayer insulating material layer 38 may be used as the resonant part and the resonator structure may be sandwiched between the light-reflecting layer 37 and the second electrode 32.

[0132] Specifically, the light emitted by the light-emitting layer contained in the organic layer is resonated between the first interface, which is formed by the interface between the first electrode and the organic layer (or, as described in Example 6, in a structure where an interlayer insulating material layer is provided below the first electrode and a light-reflecting layer is provided below the interlayer insulating material layer, the first interface is formed by the interface between the light-reflecting layer and the interlayer insulating material layer) and the second interface, which is formed by the interface between the second electrode and the organic layer, and a portion of it is emitted from the second electrode. When the optical distance from the maximum light-emitting position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface is OL1, and the optical distance from the maximum light-emitting position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface is OL2, and m1 and m2 are integers, a configuration that satisfies the following equations (1-1) and (1-2) can be obtained.

[0133] 0.7{-Φ1 / (2π)+m1}≦2×OL1 / λ≦1.2{-Φ1 / (2π)+m1} (1-1) 0.7{-Φ2 / (2π)+m2}≦2×OL2 / λ≦1.2{-Φ2 / (2π)+m2} (1-2) Here, λ: The maximum peak wavelength in the spectrum of light generated in the light-emitting layer (or, a desired wavelength within the light generated in the light-emitting layer). Φ1: Phase shift amount of light reflected at the first interface (unit: radians). However, -2π < Φ1 ≤ 0 Φ2: Phase shift amount of light reflected at the second interface (unit: radians). However, -2π < Φ2 ≤ 0 That is the case.

[0134] Here, the value of m1 is a value greater than or equal to 0, and the value of m2 is a value greater than or equal to 0, independently of the value of m1. Examples of such forms include (m1,m2)=(0,0), (m1,m2)=(0,1), (m1,m2)=(1,0), and (m1,m2)=(1,1).

[0135] The distance SD1 from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface refers to the actual distance (physical distance) from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface, and the distance SD2 from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface refers to the actual distance (physical distance) from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface. Also, the optical distance, also called the optical path length, generally refers to n×SD when light passes through a medium with a refractive index n for a distance SD. The same applies hereinafter. Therefore, when the average refractive index is n ave is taken, OL1 = SD1×n ave OL2 = SD2×n ave there is a relationship of. Here, the average refractive index n ave is the sum of the products of the refractive indices and thicknesses of each layer constituting the organic layer (or the organic layer, the first electrode, and the interlayer insulating material layer), divided by the thickness of the organic layer (or the organic layer, the first electrode, and the interlayer insulating material layer).

[0136] Determine the desired wavelength λ (specifically, for example, the wavelength of red, the wavelength of green, the wavelength of blue) of the light generated in the light-emitting layer, and obtain various parameters such as OL1 and OL2 in the light-emitting element based on Equation (1-1) and Equation (1-2), and then design the light-emitting element.

[0137] The first electrode or the light reflection layer and the second electrode absorb a part of the incident light and reflect the rest. Therefore, a phase shift occurs in the reflected light. The amount of this phase shift Φ1, Φ2 can be obtained by measuring the real part and the imaginary part values of the complex refractive index of the material constituting the first electrode or the light reflection layer and the second electrode using, for example, an ellipsometer, and performing calculations based on these values (for example, refer to "Principles of Optic", Max Born and Emil Wolf, 1974 (PERGAMON PRESS)). The refractive index of the organic layer, the interlayer insulating material layer, etc., or the refractive index of the first electrode, or the refractive index of the first electrode when the first electrode absorbs a part of the incident light and reflects the rest can also be obtained by measuring using an ellipsometer.

[0138] Materials that can constitute the light-reflecting layer include aluminum, aluminum alloys (e.g., Al-Nd and Al-Cu), Al / Ti multilayer structures, Al-Cu / Ti multilayer structures, chromium (Cr), silver (Ag), silver alloys (e.g., Ag-Cu, Ag-Pd-Cu, Ag-Sm-Cu), copper, copper alloys, gold, and gold alloys. These can be formed by evaporation methods including electron beam evaporation, thermal filament evaporation, and vacuum evaporation, sputtering, CVD, and ion plating; plating methods (electroplating and electroless plating); lift-off methods; laser ablation; and sol-gel methods. Depending on the material constituting the light-reflecting layer, it is preferable to form a base layer made of TiN, for example, in order to control the crystalline state of the light-reflecting layer to be formed.

[0139] Thus, in an organic EL display device having a resonator structure, in practice, the light-emitting part constituting the red light-emitting element resonates the light emitted in the organic layer to emit reddish light (light with a peak in the red region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode. Similarly, the light-emitting part constituting the green light-emitting element resonates the light emitted in the organic layer to emit greenish light (light with a peak in the green region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode. Furthermore, the light-emitting part constituting the blue light-emitting element resonates the light emitted in the organic layer to emit bluish light (light with a peak in the blue region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode. In other words, the desired wavelength λ (specifically, the wavelength of red, the wavelength of green, and the wavelength of blue) of the light generated in the light-emitting layer can be determined, and various parameters such as OL1, OL2 for the red light-emitting element, green light-emitting element, and blue light-emitting element can be determined based on equations (1-1) and (1-2) to design each light-emitting element. For example, paragraph

[0041] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-216495 discloses an organic EL element having a resonator structure in which the organic layer is the resonant part, and states that the thickness of the organic layer is preferably 80 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and more preferably 150 nm or more and 350 nm or less, because it is possible to appropriately adjust the distance from the light-emitting point (light-emitting surface) to the reflective surface. Typically, (SD1 + SD2 = SD 12The value of ) differs for red light-emitting elements, green light-emitting elements, and blue light-emitting elements.

[0140] Figure 27 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 6, but in the display device of Example 6, Each end-emitting element 10 has a resonator structure, The first light-emitting element 101 emits red light, the second light-emitting element 102 emits green light, and the third light-emitting element 103 emits blue light. The first light-emitting element 101 has a wavelength-selective section CF that allows the emitted red light to pass through. R A system is in place, The second light-emitting element 102 and the third light-emitting element 103 are not provided with a wavelength selection section CF.

[0141] Or, The first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42, and, Multiple light-emitting units, each consisting of a first light-emitting element 101, a second light-emitting element 102, and a third light-emitting element 103, are provided on the first substrate 41. It is equipped with, Each light-emitting element 10 is provided with light-emitting sections 30, 30' located above the first substrate 41. Each end-emitting element 10 has a resonator structure, The first light-emitting element 101 emits red light, the second light-emitting element 102 emits green light, and the third light-emitting element 103 emits blue light. The first light-emitting element 101 has a wavelength-selective section CF that allows the emitted red light to pass through. R A system is in place, The second light-emitting element 102 and the third light-emitting element 103 are not provided with a wavelength selection section CF.

[0142] Here, the wavelength-selecting section CF that allows the emitted red light to pass through is the red color filter layer CF. R These are some examples, but are not limited to them. In addition, the second light-emitting element 102 and the third light-emitting element 103 are provided with a transparent filter layer TF instead of a color filter layer.

[0143] Based on the aforementioned equations (1-1) and (1-2), the optimal OL1 and OL2 can be determined for each of the first light-emitting element 101 which should display red, the second light-emitting element 102 which should display green, and the third light-emitting element 103 which should display blue. This allows for obtaining emission spectra with sharp peaks for each light-emitting element. The first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103 are connected to a color filter layer CF R Except for the filter layer TF and the resonator structure (composition of the light-emitting layer), it has the same configuration and structure.

[0144] By the way, depending on the settings of m1 and m2, the maximum peak wavelength λ of the light spectrum generated in the light-emitting layer of the first light-emitting element 101, which should display red, is determined. R In addition to (red), λ R Shorter wavelengths than λ R Light having ' may resonate within the resonator. Similarly, the maximum peak wavelength λ of the spectrum of light generated in the light-emitting layer of the second light-emitting element 102 which should display green. G In addition to (green), λ G Shorter wavelengths than λ G Light having ' may resonate within the resonator. Also, the maximum peak wavelength λ of the light spectrum generated in the light-emitting layer of the third light-emitting element 103 which should display blue light. B In addition to (blue), λ B Shorter wavelengths than λ B Light with the characteristic λ may resonate within the resonator. Typically, this occurs at wavelength λ. G ',λ B Light with wavelength λ falls outside the visible light range and is therefore not observed by the observer of the display device. However, wavelength λ R Light containing ' may be observed as blue by the observer of the display device.

[0145] Therefore, in such a case, it is not necessary to provide wavelength selectors CF in the second light-emitting element 102 and the third light-emitting element 103, but the first light-emitting element 101 does not need to have wavelength selectors CF that allow emitted red light to pass through. RIt is preferable to provide this. This allows the first light-emitting element 101 to display an image with high color purity, and since the second light-emitting element 102 and the third light-emitting element 103 do not have wavelength selection units CF, the second light-emitting element 102 and the third light-emitting element 103 can achieve high luminous efficiency.

[0146] Specifically, when the resonator structure is formed by the first electrode 31 forming the first interface, the material constituting the first electrode 31 may be made of a material that reflects light with high efficiency, as described above. Also, when the light-reflecting layer 37 is provided below the first electrode 31 (towards the first substrate 41), the material constituting the first electrode 31 may be made of a transparent conductive material, as described above. When the light-reflecting layer 37 is provided on the substrate 26 and the first electrode 31 is provided on the interlayer insulating material layer 38 that covers the light-reflecting layer 37, the first electrode 31, the light-reflecting layer 37, and the interlayer insulating material layer 38 may be made of the materials described above. The light-reflecting layer 37 may or may not be connected to the contact hole (contact plug) 27 (see Figure 27).

[0147] In some cases, instead of the filter layer TF, a green color filter layer CF is used as the wavelength selector CF that allows the green light emitted from the second light-emitting element 102 to pass through. G Alternatively, a blue color filter layer CF may be provided as the wavelength selector CF that allows the blue light emitted in the third light-emitting element 103 to pass through. B It is acceptable to provide this.

[0148] The resonator structure will be described below based on Examples 1 to 8, with reference to Figures 28A (Example 1), 28B (Example 2), 29A (Example 3), 29B (Example 4), 30A (Example 5), 30B (Example 6), 31A (Example 7), and Figures 31B and 31C (Example 8). In Examples 1 to 4 and 7, the first and second electrodes have the same thickness in each light-emitting section. On the other hand, in Examples 5 and 6, the first electrode has different thicknesses in each light-emitting section, while the second electrode has the same thickness in each light-emitting section. Furthermore, in Example 8, the first electrode may have different thicknesses or the same thickness in each light-emitting section, while the second electrode has the same thickness in each light-emitting section.

[0149] In the following description, the light-emitting parts 30, 30' constituting the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103 are represented by reference numbers 301, 302, and 303; the first electrode is represented by reference numbers 311, 312, and 313; the second electrode is represented by reference numbers 321, 322, and 323; the organic layer is represented by reference numbers 331, 332, and 333; the light-reflecting layer is represented by reference numbers 371, 372, and 373; and the interlayer insulating material layer is represented by reference numbers 381, 382, ​​383, 381', 382', and 383'. In the following description, the materials used are illustrative and can be changed as appropriate.

[0150] In the illustrated example, the resonator lengths of the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103, derived from equations (1-1) and (1-2), were shortened in the order of the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103, i.e., SD 12 The values ​​were shortened in the order of the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103, but this is not the only way to determine the optimal resonator length. The optimal resonator length can be determined by appropriately setting the values ​​of m1 and m2.

[0151] Figure 28A shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the first example of a resonator structure, Figure 28B shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the second example of a resonator structure, Figure 29A shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the third example of a resonator structure, and Figure 29B shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the fourth example of a resonator structure. In the first to sixth examples and part of the eighth example, interlayer insulating material layers 38, 38' are formed below the first electrode 31 of the light-emitting parts 30, 30', and a light-reflecting layer 37 is formed below the interlayer insulating material layers 38, 38'. In the first to fourth examples, the thickness of the interlayer insulating material layers 38, 38' differs in the light-emitting parts 301, 302, and 303. By appropriately setting the thickness of the interlayer insulating material layers 381, 382, ​​383, 381', 382', and 383', it is possible to set the optical distance that produces optimal resonance with respect to the emission wavelength of the light-emitting parts 30, 30'.

[0152] In the first example, the first interface (shown as a dotted line in the drawing) is at the same level in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303, while the level of the second interface (shown as a dashed line in the drawing) is different in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. In the second example, the first interface is at different levels in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303, while the level of the second interface is the same in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303.

[0153] In the second example, the interlayer insulating material layers 381’, 382’, 383’ are composed of an oxide film formed by oxidizing the surface of the light reflection layer 37. The interlayer insulating material layer 38’ made of an oxide film is composed of, for example, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc., depending on the material constituting the light reflection layer 37. Oxidation of the surface of the light reflection layer 37 can be performed, for example, by the following method. That is, the first substrate 41 on which the light reflection layer 37 is formed is immersed in an electrolytic solution filled in a container. Also, a cathode is disposed so as to face the light reflection layer 37. Then, with the light reflection layer 37 as an anode, an anodic oxidation of the light reflection layer 37 is performed. The film thickness of the oxide film formed by anodic oxidation is proportional to the potential difference between the light reflection layer 37 as an anode and the cathode. Therefore, anodic oxidation is performed in a state where voltages corresponding to the light emitting parts 301, 302, 303 are applied to each of the light reflection layers 371, 372, 373. Thereby, the interlayer insulating material layers 381’, 382’, 383’ made of oxide films with different thicknesses can be formed on the surface of the light reflection layer 37 all at once. The thicknesses of the light reflection layers 371, 372, 373 and the thicknesses of the interlayer insulating material layers 381’, 382’, 383’ are different depending on the light emitting parts 301, 302, 303.

[0154] In the third example, an underlayer film 39 is disposed under the light reflection layer 37, and the underlayer film 39 has different thicknesses in the light emitting parts 301, 302, 303. That is, in the illustrated example, the thickness of the underlayer film 39 is thick in the order of the light emitting part 301, the light emitting part 302, and the light emitting part 303.

[0155] In the fourth example, the thicknesses of the light reflection layers 371, 372, 373 during film formation are different in the light emitting parts 301, 302, 303. In the third to fourth examples, in the light emitting parts 301, 302, 303, the second interface is set at the same level, while the level of the first interface is different in the light emitting parts 301, 302, 303.

[0156] In the fifth to sixth examples, the thicknesses of the first electrodes 311, 312, 313 are different in the light emitting parts 301, 302, 303. The light reflection layer 37 has the same thickness in each light emitting part 30.

[0157] In the fifth example, the level of the first interface is the same in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303, while the level of the second interface is different in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303.

[0158] In the sixth example, an undercoat 39 is provided beneath the light-reflecting layer 37, and the undercoat 39 has different thicknesses in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. That is, in the illustrated example, the thickness of the undercoat 39 is increasing in the order of light-emitting section 301, light-emitting section 302, and light-emitting section 303. In the sixth example, the second interface is at the same level in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303, while the level of the first interface is different in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303.

[0159] In the seventh example, the first electrodes 311, 312, and 313 also serve as light-reflecting layers, and the optical constants (specifically, the phase shift amount) of the materials constituting the first electrodes 311, 312, and 313 differ in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. For example, the first electrode 311 of the light-emitting section 301 may be made of copper (Cu), while the first electrode 312 of the light-emitting section 302 and the first electrode 313 of the light-emitting section 303 may be made of aluminum (Al).

[0160] Furthermore, in the eighth example, the first electrodes 311 and 312 also serve as light-reflecting layers, and the optical constants (specifically, the phase shift amount) of the materials constituting the first electrodes 311 and 312 differ in the light-emitting sections 301 and 302. For example, the first electrode 311 of the light-emitting section 301 may be made of copper (Cu), and the first electrode 312 of the light-emitting section 302 and the first electrode 313 of the light-emitting section 303 may be made of aluminum (Al). In the eighth example, for example, the seventh example is applied to the light-emitting sections 301 and 302, and the first example is applied to the light-emitting section 303. The thicknesses of the first electrodes 311, 312, and 313 may be different or the same. [Examples]

[0161] Example 7 is a modification of Examples 1 to 6. In Example 7, the relationship between the normal LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means, and the normal LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit (color filter layer) CF, as well as its modified form, will be explained.

[0162] Furthermore, D0, d0, and D1 are as follows: D0: The distance (offset amount) between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72. d0: The distance (offset amount) between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the emission region and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection region CF. D1: Distance from the reference point (reference region) P to the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the emission region.

[0163] In the light-emitting element of Example 7, when D0 is the distance (offset amount) between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72, the value of the distance (offset amount) D0 is not 0 in at least a portion of the light-emitting elements constituting the display device. Furthermore, in the display device, a reference point (reference region) P is assumed, and the distance D0 depends on the distance D1 from the reference point (reference region) P to the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region. Note that the reference point (reference region) may include a certain degree of spread.

[0164] Furthermore, by adopting this configuration, the light emitted from each light-emitting element can be focused (concentrated) into a certain area in the space outside the display device, or the light emitted from each light-emitting element can be configured to diverge in the space outside the display device, or the light emitted from each light-emitting element can be configured to be parallel light.

[0165] Whether the light (image) emitted from the entire display device is focused or divergent depends on the specifications of the display device, as well as the degree of viewing angle dependence and wide viewing angle characteristics required of the display device.

[0166] The distance D0 may be varied in the subpixels that make up one pixel. That is, the distance D0 may be varied in the multiple light-emitting elements that make up one pixel. For example, if one pixel is composed of three subpixels, the value of D0 may be the same for all three subpixels that make up the pixel, or it may be the same for two subpixels excluding one, or it may be different for all three subpixels.

[0167] As shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 32, in the display device of Embodiment 7, when D0 is the distance (offset amount) between the normal LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72, the value of the distance (offset amount) D0 is not 0 in at least a part of the light-emitting element 10 that constitutes the display device. The straight line LL is a straight line connecting the center of the light-emitting region and the center of the second optical path control means 72.

[0168] Furthermore, a reference point (reference region) P is assumed, and the distance D0 can be configured to depend on the distance D1 from the reference point (reference region) P to the normal LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region. Note that the reference point (reference region) may include a certain degree of extent. Here, the various normals are lines perpendicular to the light-emitting surface of the display device.

[0169] In the image display area (display panel) of the display device of Embodiment 7, which includes the above preferred embodiment, the reference point P can be configured to be located within the display panel. In this case, the reference point P may not be located in (included in) the central region of the display panel, or the reference point P may be located in the central region of the display panel. Furthermore, in these cases, one reference point P may be assumed, or multiple reference points P may be assumed. In these cases, the value of distance D0 may be 0 for some light-emitting elements, and the value of distance D0 may be non-zero for the remaining light-emitting elements.

[0170] Alternatively, in the display device of Embodiment 7, which includes the above preferred embodiment, if one reference point P is assumed, the reference point P may be configured not to be included in the central region of the display panel, or the reference point P may be configured to be included in the central region of the display panel. Furthermore, if multiple reference points P are assumed, at least one of the reference points P may be configured not to be included in the central region of the display panel.

[0171] Alternatively, the reference point P can be configured to be located outside the display panel. In this case, there may be one reference point P, or there may be multiple reference points P. In these cases, the value of the distance D0 can be non-zero for all light-emitting elements.

[0172] Furthermore, in the display device of Example 7, the value of the distance (offset amount) D0 can be configured to differ depending on the position where the light-emitting element occupies the display panel. Specifically, A reference point P has been set, Multiple light-emitting elements are arranged in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction. Let D1 be the distance from the reference point P to the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, and let D be the value of the distance D0 in the first direction and the second direction, respectively. 0-X ,D 0-Y Let D1 be the value of the first direction and the second direction. 1-X ,D 1-Y In that case, D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It changes linearly, or D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It changes non-linearly, or D 1-X D 0-X It changes nonlinearly, D1-Y For the change of D 0-Y changes linearly, or D 1-X For the change of D 0-X changes non - linearly, and D 1-Y For the change of D 0-Y can be in the form of changing non - linearly.

[0173] Alternatively, as the value of the distance D1 increases, the value of the distance D0 can increase. That is, in the display device of Example 7, a reference point P is set, when the distance from the reference point P to the normal line LN0 passing through the center of the light - emitting region is defined as D1, as the value of the distance D1 increases, the value of the distance D0 can increase.

[0174] Here, for the change of D 1-X D 0-X changes linearly, and for the change of D 1-Y D 0-Y Linear change of D means that D 0-X =k X ·D 1-X D 0-Y =k Y ·D 1-Y holds. However, k X , k Y is a constant. That is, D 0-X , D 0-Y changes based on a linear function. On the other hand, for the change of D 1-X D 0-X changes non - linearly, and for the change of D 1-Y D 0-Y Linear change of D means that D 0-X =f X (D 1-X ) D 0-Y =f Y (D 1-Y ) holds. Here, f X , f YIt is a function that is not linear (for example, a quadratic function).

[0175] Or, D 1-X D in response to changes 0-X Changes, D 1-Y D in response to changes 0-Y The change can also be represented as a step-like change. In this case, when the step-like change is viewed as a whole, the change can be represented as a linear change or as a nonlinear change. Furthermore, when the display panel is divided into M x N regions, within one region, D 1-X D in response to changes 0-X Changes, D 1-Y D in response to changes 0-Y The change in [the element] may be considered constant or constant. While not limiting, the number of light-emitting elements within a single region can be given as 10 × 10.

[0176] Schematic diagrams showing the positional relationship between the light-emitting element and the reference point in the display device of Example 7 are shown in Figures 33A and 33B, and Figures 34A and 34B. 1-X D in response to changes 0-X Changes, D 1-Y D in response to changes 0-Y The changes are schematically shown in Figures 35A, 35B, 35C and 35D, 36A, 36B, 36C and 36D, 37A, 37B, 37C and 37D, and 38A, 38B, 38C and 38D.

[0177] In the display device of Embodiment 7, conceptual diagrams are shown in Figures 33A and 33B, the reference point P is assumed to be within the display device. That is, the orthogonal projection of the reference point P is included in the image display area (display panel) of the display device, but the reference point P is not located in the central area of ​​the display device (image display area, display panel). In Figures 33A, 33B, 34A, and 34B, the central area of ​​the display panel is indicated by a black triangle, the light-emitting element is indicated by a white square, and the center of the light-emitting area is indicated by a black square. One reference point P is assumed. The positional relationship between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference point P is schematically shown in Figures 33A and 33B, where the reference point P is indicated by a black circle. Note that in Figure 33A, one reference point P is assumed, while in Figure 33B, multiple reference points P (Figure 33B shows two reference points P1 and P2) are assumed. Since the reference point P may include a certain degree of spread, the value of distance D0 is 0 for some light-emitting elements (specifically, one or more light-emitting elements included in the orthogonal projection of the reference point P), while the value of distance D0 is not 0 for the remaining light-emitting elements. The value of distance (offset amount) D0 differs depending on the position of the light-emitting elements on the display panel.

[0178] In the display device of Example 7, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 is focused (concentrated) into a certain region in the space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 diverges in the space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 is parallel light. Whether the light emitted from the display device is focused light, diverging light, or parallel light depends on the specifications required for the display device. Based on these specifications, the power of the first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 should be designed. When the light emitted from the light-emitting element is focused light, the position in the space where the image emitted from the display device is formed may or may not be on the normal to the reference point P, depending on the specifications required for the display device. An optical system through which the image emitted from the display device passes may be arranged to control the display dimensions, display position, etc., of the image emitted from the display device. The type of optical system to be arranged also depends on the specifications required for the display device, but for example, an imaging lens system can be exemplified.

[0179] Furthermore, in the display device of Example 7, a reference point P is set, and the multiple light-emitting elements 10 are arranged in a first direction (specifically, the X direction) and a second direction different from the first direction (specifically, the Y direction). The distance from the reference point P to the normal LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region is defined as D1, and the values ​​of the distance D0 in the first direction (X direction) and the second direction (Y direction) are defined as D 0-X ,D 0-Y Let the values ​​of the first direction (X direction) and the second direction (Y direction) of the distance D1 be D 1-X ,D 1-Y In that case, [A]D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It may be designed to change linearly, [B]D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It may be designed to change non-linearly, [C]D 1-X D 0-X It changes nonlinearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It may be designed to change linearly, [D]D 1-X D 0-X It changes nonlinearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It may be designed to change non-linearly.

[0180] Figures 35A, 35B, 35C, 35D, 36A, 36B, 36C, 36D, 37A, 37B, 37C, 37D, 38A, 38B, 38C, and 38D contain D 1-X D in response to changes 0-X Changes, D 1-Y D in response to changes 0-YThe changes are schematically shown. In these figures, white arrows indicate linear changes, and black arrows indicate nonlinear changes. Furthermore, when the arrow points outward from the display panel, it indicates that the light that has passed through the optical path control means 71, 72 is divergent light, and when the arrow points inward from the display panel, it indicates that the light that has passed through the optical path control means 71, 72 is focused light or parallel light.

[0181] Alternatively, a reference point P may be set, and when D1 is the distance from the reference point P to the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the system may be designed so that the value of distance D0 increases as the value of distance D1 increases.

[0182] That is, D 1-X ,D 1-Y D that depends on changes 0-X ,D 0-Y The changes should be determined based on the specifications required for the display device.

[0183] Furthermore, the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means 72 is used in the wavelength selection unit CF. R CF G CF B It is included in the orthogonal projection image. The external shapes of the light-emitting unit 30, wavelength selection unit CF and optical path control means etc. 71, 72 are conveniently made circular, but are not limited to such shapes. Furthermore, in a light-emitting element 10 where the value of distance D0 is not 0, for example as shown in Figure 37B, the wavelength selection unit CF R CF G CF B The normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the region coincides with the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region.

[0184] In the preferred embodiment of the display device of Example 7, when D0 is the distance (offset amount) between the normal LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72, the value of distance D0 is not 0 in at least a portion of the light-emitting elements constituting the display device. Therefore, depending on the position of the light-emitting elements in the display device, the direction in which light emitted from the organic layer and travels through the optical path control means can be reliably and accurately controlled. That is, it is possible to reliably and accurately control to which area of ​​the external space the image from the display device is emitted towards and in what state. Furthermore, by providing the optical path control means, it is possible not only to increase the brightness (luminance) of the image emitted from the display device and prevent color mixing between adjacent pixels, but also to appropriately diverge the light according to the required viewing angle, and to achieve a longer lifespan and higher brightness of the light-emitting elements and the display device. Therefore, it is possible to make the display device smaller, lighter, and higher quality. Reality) Glass and EVR applications will expand dramatically.

[0185] Alternatively, in a modified example of the display device of Embodiment 7, the reference point P is assumed to be outside the display panel. The positional relationship between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference points P, P1, and P2 is schematically shown in Figures 34A and 34B. A configuration in which one reference point P is assumed is possible (see Figure 34A), or a configuration in which multiple reference points P are assumed (Figure 34B shows two reference points P1 and P2). With the center of the display panel as the point of symmetry, the two reference points P1 and P2 are arranged in 2-fold rotational symmetry. Here, at least one reference point P is not included in the central region of the display panel. In the illustrated example, the two reference points P1 and P2 are not included in the central region of the display panel. For some light-emitting elements (specifically, one or more light-emitting elements included in the reference point P), the value of distance D0 is 0, and for the remaining light-emitting elements, the value of distance D0 is not 0. Regarding the distance D1 from the reference point P to the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, distance D1 is defined as the distance between a reference point P and the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of a certain light-emitting region that is closer to that reference point P. Alternatively, the value of distance D0 is not 0 for all light-emitting elements. Regarding the distance D1 from the reference point P to the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, distance D1 is defined as the distance between a reference point P and the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of a certain light-emitting region that is closer to that reference point P. In these cases, the light emitted from the light-emitting section 30 constituting each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the optical path control means etc. 71, 72 is focused (concentrated) in a certain area of ​​space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from the light-emitting section 30 constituting each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the optical path control means etc. 71, 72 is diverged in space outside the display device. [Examples]

[0186] Example 8 is a variation of Examples 1 to 7. A schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element and display device of Example 8 is shown in Figure 39.

[0187] In Example 8, the arrangement of the light-emitting region, wavelength selection unit CF, and second optical path control means 72 will be described. Here, in a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, (a) The normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection region CF coincides with the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the emission region. (b) The normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF coincides with the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72. (c) A configuration in which the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF does not coincide with the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the emission region, and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF does not coincide with the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72. (b) or (c) by adopting the latter configuration, the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements can be reliably suppressed.

[0188] As shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 40A, the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 may coincide. That is, D0 = d0 = 0. Note that d0 is the distance (offset amount) between the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit, as described above.

[0189] For example, if one pixel is composed of three subpixels, the values ​​of d0 and D0 may be the same for all three subpixels constituting the pixel, or they may be the same for two subpixels excluding one, or they may be different for all three subpixels.

[0190] Furthermore, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 40B, the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF coincide, but the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF do not always coincide with the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72. That is, D0 ≠ d0 = 0.

[0191] Furthermore, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 40C, the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 do not coincide, while the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 may coincide. That is, D0 = d0 > 0.

[0192] Furthermore, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 41, the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 do not coincide, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 may not coincide with the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF. Here, it is preferable that the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF (indicated by a black square in Figure 41) is located on the straight line LL connecting the center of the light-emitting region and the center of the second optical path control means 72 (indicated by a black circle in Figure 41). Specifically, when LL1 is the distance from the center of the light-emitting region in the thickness direction to the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF, and LL2 is the distance from the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF in the thickness direction to the center of the second optical path control means 72, D0>d0>0 Therefore, taking into account manufacturing variations, d0:D0=LL1:(LL1+LL2) It is preferable that the following conditions be met.

[0193] Alternatively, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 42A, the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 may coincide. That is, D0 = d0 = 0.

[0194] Furthermore, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 42B, the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 do not coincide, although the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit CF and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 may coincide. That is, D0 = d0 > 0.

[0195] Furthermore, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 43, the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region, the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 do not coincide, and the normal vector LN1 passing through the center of the second optical path control means 72 may not coincide with the normal vector LN0 passing through the center of the light-emitting region and the normal vector LN2 passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF. Here, it is preferable that the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF is located on the straight line LL connecting the center of the light-emitting region and the center of the second optical path control means 72. Specifically, when LL1 is the distance from the center of the light-emitting region in the thickness direction to the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF (shown as a black square in Figure 43), and LL2 is the distance from the center of the wavelength-selecting section CF in the thickness direction to the center of the second optical path control means 72 (shown as a black circle in Figure 43), d0>D0>0 Therefore, taking into account manufacturing variations, D0:d0=LL2:(LL1+LL2) It is preferable that the following conditions be met.

[0196] Although the present disclosure has been described above based on preferred embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. The configuration and structure of the display device (organic EL display device) and light-emitting element (organic EL element) described in the embodiments are illustrative and can be modified as appropriate, and the manufacturing methods of the light-emitting element and display device are also illustrative and can be modified as appropriate.

[0197] The number of second optical path control means for a single pixel is essentially arbitrary, as long as it is one or more. For example, if a single pixel is composed of multiple subpixels, one second optical path control means may be provided for each subpixel, one second optical path control means may be provided for each of multiple subpixels, or multiple second optical path control means may be provided for each subpixel. When p × q second optical path control means are provided for each subpixel, possible values ​​for p and q include 10 or less, 5 or less, and 2 or less.

[0198] In the examples, (A) The first optical path control means 71 and the second optical path control means 72 are configured to consist of plano-convex lenses having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. Or, (D) The first optical path control means 71 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30', and the second optical path control means 72 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. year, (E) The first optical path control means 71 and the third optical path control means 73 are configured to consist of plano-convex lenses having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. (H) The first optical path control means 71 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30', and the third optical path control means 73 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. However, this is not limited to these. (B) The first optical path control means 71 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction away from the light-emitting parts 30, 30', and the second optical path control means 72 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. (C) The first optical path control means 71 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30', and the second optical path control means 72 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction away from the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. It is also possible to do so, (F) The first optical path control means 71 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting parts 30, 30', and the third optical path control means 73 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. (G) The first optical path control means 71 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction approaching the light-emitting parts 30, 30', and the third optical path control means 73 consists of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape toward the direction away from the light-emitting parts 30, 30'. It can also be done this way.

[0199] In the embodiment, one pixel was composed of three subpixels, primarily from a combination of a white light-emitting element and a color filter layer. However, for example, one pixel may be composed of four subpixels, including a light-emitting element that emits white light. Alternatively, the light-emitting element may be a red light-emitting element with an organic layer that produces red light, a green light-emitting element with an organic layer that produces green light, or a blue light-emitting element with an organic layer that produces blue light. One pixel may be composed of these three types of light-emitting elements (subpixels). In the embodiment, the light-emitting element drive unit (drive circuit) was composed of a MOSFET, but it can also be composed of a TFT. The first electrode and the second electrode may be a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure.

[0200] To prevent optical crosstalk from occurring when light emitted from the light-emitting part of one light-emitting element penetrates an adjacent light-emitting element, a light-shielding section may be provided between the light-emitting elements. Specifically, a groove may be formed between the light-emitting elements, and this groove may be filled with a light-shielding material to form a light-shielding section. By providing a light-shielding section in this way, the amount of light emitted from the light-emitting part of one light-emitting element penetrating an adjacent light-emitting element can be reduced, thereby suppressing phenomena such as color mixing and the deviation of the overall chromaticity of the pixel from the desired chromaticity. Furthermore, since color mixing can be prevented, the color purity when the pixel emits monochromatic light increases, and the chromaticity point becomes deeper. Therefore, the color gamut is widened, and the range of color expression of the display device is broadened. Specific examples of light-shielding materials that constitute the light-shielding section include materials that can block light, such as titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), and MoSi2. The light-shielding layer can be formed by evaporation methods including electron beam evaporation, thermal filament evaporation, and vacuum evaporation, as well as by sputtering, CVD, and ion plating. Additionally, a color filter layer is placed for each pixel as needed to improve color purity. However, depending on the configuration of the light-emitting element, the color filter layer can be thinned or omitted entirely, allowing light previously absorbed by the color filter layer to be extracted, resulting in improved luminescence efficiency. Alternatively, light-shielding properties may be imparted to the black matrix layer BM.

[0201] The display device of this disclosure can be applied to a lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera. A front view of the digital still camera is shown in Figure 44A, and a rear view is shown in Figure 44B. This lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera has, for example, a camera body 211 with an interchangeable shooting lens unit (interchangeable lens) 212 on the front right side and a grip portion 213 for the photographer to hold on the front left side. A monitor device 214 is provided approximately in the center of the rear of the camera body 211. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 215 is provided above the monitor device 214. The photographer can determine the composition by looking through the electronic viewfinder 215 and viewing the light image of the subject guided from the shooting lens unit 212. In a lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera with such a configuration, the display device of this disclosure can be used as the electronic viewfinder 215.

[0202] Alternatively, the display device of this disclosure can be applied to a head-mounted display. As shown in the external view in Figure 45, the head-mounted display 300 is composed of a transmissive head-mounted display having a main body 301, an arm 302, and a lens barrel 303. The main body 301 is connected to the arm 302 and the eyeglasses 310. Specifically, the long side end of the main body 301 is attached to the arm 302. Also, one side of the main body 301 is connected to the eyeglasses 310 via a connecting member (not shown). The main body 301 may also be directly attached to the head of a person. The main body 301 incorporates a control board and a display unit for controlling the operation of the head-mounted display 300. The arm 302 supports the lens barrel 303 relative to the main body 301 by connecting the main body 301 and the lens barrel 303. Specifically, the arm portion 302 is connected to the end of the main body portion 301 and the end of the lens barrel 303, thereby fixing the lens barrel 303 to the main body portion 301. The arm portion 302 also incorporates signal lines for communicating image-related data provided from the main body portion 301 to the lens barrel 303. The lens barrel 303 projects the image light provided from the main body portion 301 via the arm portion 302 through the lens 311 of the eyeglasses 310 towards the eyes of the user wearing the head-mounted display 300. In the head-mounted display 300 with the above configuration, the display device of this disclosure can be used as the display unit built into the main body portion 301.

[0203] In this embodiment, the planar shape of the optical path control means 71, 72 is circular, but it is not limited to this, and the lens member can also be a truncated square pyramid, as shown in Figures 46A and 46B. Figure 46A is a schematic plan view of the second optical path control means (second lens member) 72 having the shape of a truncated square pyramid, and Figure 46B is a schematic perspective view. The first optical path control means (first lens member) 71 is not shown.

[0204] The optical path control means and the like can also be composed of the light emission direction control members described below.

[0205] To improve the overall light utilization efficiency of a display device, it is preferable to effectively concentrate the light from the outer edges of the light-emitting elements. However, with a hemispherical lens, while the effect of concentrating light near the center of the light-emitting element towards the front is significant, the effect of concentrating light near the outer edges of the light-emitting element may be small.

[0206] The sides of the first and second optical path control members (hereinafter, the first and second optical path control members may be collectively referred to as "optical path control members, etc.") that constitute the first and second optical path control means are surrounded by a material or layer (coating layer) having a refractive index n2 lower than the refractive index n1 of the material constituting the optical path control members, etc. Alternatively, the first optical path control means, which is made of a material having a refractive index n1, is surrounded by the second optical path control means, which is made of a material having a refractive index n2. Therefore, the optical path control members, etc. function as a kind of lens, and moreover, the focusing effect near the outer edge of the optical path control members, etc. can be effectively enhanced. In geometrical optics, when a light ray is incident on the side of the optical path control members, etc., the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection become equal, making it difficult to improve the extraction in the front direction. However, considering wave analysis (FDTD), the light extraction efficiency near the outer edge of the light emission direction control member improves. Therefore, as a result of effectively focusing the light near the outer edge of the light-emitting element, the light extraction efficiency in the front direction of the entire light-emitting element improves. Consequently, high efficiency of light emission of the display device can be achieved. In other words, high brightness and low power consumption of the display device can be realized. Furthermore, because the light emission direction control member is flat, it is easy to form, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.

[0207] Specifically, examples of three-dimensional shapes for light emission direction control members include cylindrical, elliptical, oblong, cylindrical, prismatic (including hexagonal, octagonal, and prismatic shapes with rounded edges), truncated cone, and truncated pyramidal (including truncated pyramidal shapes with rounded edges). Prismatic and truncated pyramidal shapes include regular prisms and regular truncated pyramidal shapes. The edges where the side surface and top surface of the light emission direction control member intersect may be rounded. The base of a truncated pyramidal shape may be located on the first substrate side or on the second electrode side. Alternatively, specific planar shapes for light emission direction control members include circles, ellipses, and oblongs, as well as polygons including triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons, and octagons. Polygons include regular polygons (including regular polygons such as rectangles and regular hexagons (honeycomb-shaped)). Light emission direction control members and the like can be made from, for example, transparent resin materials such as acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polycarbonate resins, and polyimide resins, or transparent inorganic materials such as SiO2.

[0208] The cross-sectional shape of the side surface of the light emission direction control member in the thickness direction may be straight, convex, or concave. That is, the side surface of the above-mentioned prism or truncated pyramidal shape may be flat, convex, or concave.

[0209] A first light emission direction control member extension, which is thinner than the first light emission direction control member, may be formed between adjacent first light emission direction control members. Also, a second light emission direction control member extension, which is thinner than the second light emission direction control member, may be formed between second light emission direction control members.

[0210] The top surface of the light emission direction control member, etc., may be flat, convex, or concave. However, from the viewpoint of improving the brightness in the front direction of the image display area (display panel) of the display device, it is preferable that the top surface of the light emission direction control member, etc., be flat. The light emission direction control member, etc., can be obtained, for example, by a combination of photolithography and etching, or it can be formed based on nanoimprint lithography.

[0211] The size of the planar shape of the light emission direction control member, etc., may be varied depending on the light-emitting element. For example, if one pixel is composed of three subpixels, the size of the planar shape of the light emission direction control member, etc., may be the same for all three subpixels constituting the one pixel, or it may be the same for two subpixels excluding one subpixel, or it may be different for the three subpixels. Furthermore, the refractive index of the material constituting the light emission direction control member, etc., may be varied depending on the light-emitting element. For example, if one pixel is composed of three subpixels, the refractive index of the material constituting the light emission direction control member, etc., may be the same for all three subpixels constituting the one pixel, or it may be the same for two subpixels excluding one subpixel, or it may be different for the three subpixels.

[0212] The planar shape of the second light emission direction control member is preferably similar to that of the light emission region, or, more preferably, the light emission region is included in the orthogonal projection of the second light emission direction control member.

[0213] The sides of the light emission direction control member and the like are preferably vertical or approximately vertical. Specifically, the inclination angle of the sides of the light emission direction control member and the like can be 80 to 100 degrees, preferably 81.8 degrees or more and 98.2 degrees or less, more preferably 84.0 degrees or more and 96.0 degrees or less, even more preferably 86.0 degrees or more and 94.0 degrees or less, particularly preferably 88.0 degrees or more and 92.0 degrees or less, and most preferably 90 degrees.

[0214] Furthermore, the average height of the second light emission direction control member can be exemplified as 1.5 μm or more and 2.5 μm or less, thereby effectively enhancing the light-gathering effect near the outer edge of the second light emission direction control member. The height of the second light emission direction control member may be changed depending on the light-emitting element. For example, if one pixel is composed of three subpixels, the height of the second light emission direction control member may be the same for the three subpixels constituting the one pixel, or it may be the same for two subpixels excluding one subpixel, or it may be different for the three subpixels.

[0215] The shortest distance between the sides of adjacent light emission direction control members can be set to 0.4 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less, preferably 0.6 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less, more preferably 0.8 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.8 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. By defining the minimum value of the shortest distance between the sides of adjacent light emission direction control members as 0.4 μm, the shortest distance between adjacent light emission direction control members can be set to approximately the same as the lower limit of the visible light wavelength band, thereby suppressing the degradation of the function of the material or layer surrounding the light emission direction control members, and as a result, the light-gathering effect near the outer edge of the light emission direction control members can be effectively enhanced. On the other hand, by defining the maximum value of the shortest distance between the sides of adjacent light emission direction control members as 1.2 μm, the size of the light emission direction control members can be reduced, and as a result, the light-gathering effect near the outer edge of the light emission direction control members can be effectively enhanced.

[0216] The distance between the centers of adjacent second light emission direction control members is preferably 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. By setting it to 10 μm or less, the wave nature of light becomes more pronounced, thereby providing a high light-gathering effect to the second light emission direction control member.

[0217] The maximum distance (maximum distance in the height direction) from the light-emitting region to the bottom surface of the second light emission direction control member is preferably greater than 0.35 μm and less than or equal to 7 μm, preferably between 1.3 μm and 7 μm, more preferably between 2.8 μm and 7 μm, and even more preferably between 3.8 μm and 7 μm. By specifying that the maximum distance from the light-emitting region to the second light emission direction control member exceeds 0.35 μm, the light-gathering effect near the outer edge of the second light emission direction control member can be effectively enhanced. On the other hand, by specifying that the maximum distance from the light-emitting region to the second light emission direction control member is 7 μm or less, a decrease in viewing angle characteristics can be suppressed.

[0218] The number of second light emission direction control members for a single pixel is essentially arbitrary, as long as it is one or more. For example, if a single pixel is composed of multiple subpixels, one second light emission direction control member may be provided for each subpixel, one second light emission direction control member may be provided for each of multiple subpixels, or multiple second light emission direction control members may be provided for each subpixel. When p × q second light emission direction control members are provided for each subpixel, possible values ​​for p and q are 10 or less, 5 or less, and 3 or less.

[0219] As shown in the partial cross-sectional view of the mode in FIG. 47, the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 (the first light emission direction control member 74 and the second light emission direction control member 75), which are light path control means and the like, are provided above the light emitting parts 30 and 30', specifically, at the same position as the light path control means 71 and 72. When the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 are cut by a virtual plane (vertical virtual plane) including the thickness direction of the light emission direction control members 74 and 75, the cross-sectional shape of the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 is rectangular. The three-dimensional shape of the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 is, for example, cylindrical. If the refractive indices of the materials constituting the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 are n1 and n2, and the refractive index of the material constituting the joining member 35 is n5 (n5 < n2 < n1), in the example shown in FIG. 47, the first light emission direction control member 74 is surrounded by the second light emission direction control member 75, and the second light emission direction control member 75 is surrounded by the joining member 35. Therefore, the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 have a function as a kind of lens, and moreover, the condensing effect in the vicinity of the outer edge of the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 can be effectively enhanced. Further, since the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 are flat plate-shaped, they are easy to form, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. The light emission direction control members 74 and 75 may be surrounded by a material different from the material constituting the joining member 35 as long as the refractive index condition (n5 < n2 < n1) is satisfied. Alternatively, the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 may be surrounded by, for example, an air layer or a reduced pressure layer (vacuum layer). The light incident surfaces 74a and 75a and the light emission surfaces 74b and 75b of the light emission direction control members 74 and 75 are flat. Note that reference numerals 74A and 75A indicate the side surfaces of the light emission direction control members 74 and 75. The light emission direction control members 74 and 75 can be applied to various embodiments and their modifications. And in that case, the refractive index of the material surrounding the first light emission direction control member 74 and the refractive index of the material surrounding the second light emission direction control member 75 may be appropriately selected.

[0220] Note that the present disclosure can also have the following configuration. [A01] 《Light Emitting Element》 A light emitting part having one light emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, and A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, It is equipped with, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power. A light-emitting element that emits light from a light-emitting section, focuses it by a first optical path control means, and then further focuses it by a second optical path control means. [A02] The orthogonal projection of the first optical path control means includes the light-emitting element described in [A01] which is included in the orthogonal projection of the second optical path control means. [A03] The light-emitting element according to [A02], wherein the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means in the first optical path control means is located on the outer periphery of the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means. [A04] The light-emitting element according to any one of [A01] to [A03], wherein the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means consist of a plano-convex lens having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting part. [A05] Above the light-emitting section, a wavelength selection section is provided. The light-emitting element according to any one of items [A01] to [A04], wherein the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means are provided above or above the wavelength selection unit. [A06] A third optical path control means is provided between the wavelength selection unit and the first optical path control means, as described in [A05]. [A07] The light-emitting element according to [A06], wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one first optical path control means. [A08] A third optical path control means is provided below or below the wavelength selection unit, as described in [A05]. [A09] The light-emitting element according to [A08], wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one first optical path control means. [A10] A wavelength selection unit is provided between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means. The light-emitting element according to any one of [A01] to [A04]. [A11] A third optical path control means is provided below or below the first optical path control means. [A10] The light-emitting element described above. [A12] The light-emitting element according to [A11], wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one first optical path control means. [A13] The light-emitting element according to any one of [A01] to [A04], wherein a wavelength selection unit is provided above or above the second optical path control means. [A14] A third optical path control means is provided below or below the first optical path control means, as described in [A13]. [A15] The light-emitting element according to [A14], wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one first optical path control means. [B01]《Display device》 The first substrate and the second substrate, and, Multiple light-emitting units composed of multiple types of light-emitting elements, It is equipped with, Each light-emitting element is A light-emitting section provided above the first substrate, having one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, and A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, It is equipped with, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power. A display device in which light emitted from a light-emitting unit and focused by a first optical path control means is further focused by a second optical path control means. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0221] 10, 101, 102, 103... Light-emitting element, 20... Transistor, 21... Gate electrode, 22... Gate insulating layer, 23... Channel formation region, 24... Source / drain region, 25... Element isolation region, 26... Substrate, 26A... Surface of substrate, 27... Contact plug, 28... Insulating layer, 28'... Opening, 29... Recess, 29A... Slope of recess, 29B... Bottom of recess, 30, 30'301, 302, 303... Light-emitting part, 31, 311, 31 2,313...First electrode, 32,321,322,323...Second electrode, 33,331,332,333...Organic layer, 34...Protective layer (planarization layer), 34A,34B,34D...Second protective layer, 34C,34E...Third protective layer, 34F...Fourth protective layer, 35...Bonding member, 36...Underlayment layer, 36A...Second underlayment layer, 37,371,372,373...Light reflection layer, 38,38',381,382,383,381',382',383'...Interlayer insulating material layer, 3 9...Undercoat, 41...First substrate, 42...Second substrate, 61...Mask layer, 62,63,64...Resist layer, 65...Aperture, 71...First optical path control means (first optical path control unit), 71a...Light incident surface of the first optical path control means, 71b...Light emission surface of the first optical path control means, 72...Second optical path control means (second optical path control unit), 72a...Light incident surface of the second optical path control means, 72b...Light emission surface of the second optical path control means, 73...Third optical path control means (third optical path control unit), 74,7 5...Light emission direction control member, 74a, 75a...Light incident surface of light emission direction control member, 74b, 75b...Light emission surface of light emission direction control member, 211...Camera main body (camera body), 212...Shooting lens unit (interchangeable lens), 213...Grip section, 214...Monitor device, 215...Electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window), 300...Head-mounted display, 301...Main body section, 302...Arm section, 303...Lens barrel, 310...Eyeglasses, CF, CF R CF G CF B...Wavelength selection section (color filter layer), TF...Transparent filter layer, BM...Black matrix layer, LN0...Normal vector passing through the center of the emission region, LN1...Optical axis of the second optical path control means, LN2...Normal vector passing through the center of the wavelength selection section

Claims

1. A light-emitting section having one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, A wavelength selection section is formed above the light-emitting section, Equipped with, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means are provided above or above the wavelength selection unit. The orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means is included in the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power, The light emitted from the light-emitting unit and focused by the first optical path control means is further focused by the second optical path control means. Light-emitting element.

2. The light-emitting element according to Claim 1, wherein the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means is included in the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means.

3. The light-emitting element according to claim 2, wherein the orthogonal projection image of the first optical path control means in the first optical path control means is located on the outer periphery of the orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means.

4. The light-emitting element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means are plano-convex lenses having a convex shape in the direction away from the light-emitting part.

5. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein a third optical path control means is provided between the wavelength selection unit and the first optical path control means.

6. The light-emitting element according to claim 5, wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one of the first optical path control means.

7. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein a third optical path control means is provided below or below the wavelength selection unit.

8. The light-emitting element according to claim 7, wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one of the first optical path control means.

9. A light-emitting unit having one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, A wavelength selection unit is provided between the first optical path control means and the second optical path control means, Equipped with, The orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means is included in the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power, The light emitted from the light-emitting unit and focused by the first optical path control means is further focused by the second optical path control means. Light-emitting element.

10. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein a third optical path control means is provided below or below the first optical path control means.

11. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one of the first optical path control means.

12. A light-emitting unit having one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, A wavelength selection unit provided above or above the second optical path control means, Equipped with, The orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means is included in the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power, The light emitted from the light-emitting unit and focused by the first optical path control means is further focused by the second optical path control means. Light-emitting element.

13. The light-emitting element according to claim 12, wherein a third optical path control means is provided below or below the first optical path control means.

14. The light-emitting element according to claim 13, wherein one or more third optical path control means are provided for one of the first optical path control means.

15. The first substrate and the second substrate, and, Multiple light-emitting units composed of multiple types of light-emitting elements, It is equipped with, Each light-emitting element is A light-emitting section is provided above the first substrate and has one light-emitting region, A group of first optical path control means consisting of a plurality of first optical path control means formed above the light-emitting section, A second optical path control means formed above or above the first optical path control means group, A wavelength selection section is formed above the light-emitting section, Equipped with, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means are provided above or above the wavelength selection unit. The orthogonal projection image of the second optical path control means is included in the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selection unit, The first optical path control means and the second optical path control means have positive optical power, The light emitted from the light-emitting unit and focused by the first optical path control means is further focused by the second optical path control means. Display device.

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