Battery storage system
The battery system addresses noise interference in train battery systems by using processors and converters to manage charging and discharging, ensuring reliable operation and preventing over-discharge.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KK TOSHIBA
- Filing Date
- 2022-08-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-25
AI Technical Summary
In battery systems for trains, communication between the battery device and control device is prone to noise interference due to long distances, necessitating effective noise countermeasures.
A battery system with a control device and battery device that includes processors and converters, utilizing contact signals and charge level sensors to manage charging and discharging, reducing noise susceptibility through contactor control and signal management.
The system effectively controls charging and discharging while minimizing noise interference, ensuring reliable operation and preventing over-discharge, even when voltage measurement is unavailable.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a battery system.
Background Art
[0002] There is provided a battery system for driving a motor or air conditioner in a train or the like. In such a battery system, due to restrictions on train fitting, a battery device including a battery and a control device for controlling charging and discharging of the battery may be installed separately. In such a case, communication means is provided between the battery device and the control device. <00000>
[0003] When the distance between the battery device and the control device is long, the communication means is likely to be affected by noise. Therefore, it is necessary to take noise countermeasures for the communication means.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0004] <000002>
Patent Document 1
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0005] <000002) [[ID=%d]]To solve the above problems, a battery system that is less affected by noise is provided. <>
Means for Solving the Problems
[0006] <000003)<0> According to one embodiment, the battery system comprises a control device and a battery device including a rechargeable battery. The control device comprises a converter and a first processor. The converter supplies power to the battery. When the first processor receives a contact signal requesting charging of the battery, it transmits a contact signal to the battery device to turn on a contactor connecting the converter and the battery. The battery device comprises a charge level sensor, the contactor, and a second processor. The charge level sensor measures the charge level of the battery. Based on the charge level, the second processor transmits a contact signal requesting charging of the battery to the control device, and when it receives a contact signal from the control device to turn on the contactor, it turns on the contactor. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0007] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system according to the second embodiment. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system according to the third embodiment. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system according to the fourth embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0008] The embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0009] (First embodiment) First, let me describe the first embodiment. The battery storage system according to this embodiment controls the charging and discharging of the battery. When the battery's charge level (SOC (State of Charge)) falls below a predetermined threshold, the battery storage system charges the battery. The battery storage system also connects the battery to a load and supplies power from the battery to the load.
[0010] Here, the battery system is assumed to be mounted on a train traveling on the tracks. For example, the battery system charges its batteries with power from the overhead lines. The battery system also supplies power from its batteries to loads such as the motors that drive the train or air conditioners that control the temperature inside the train.
[0011] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system 101 according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, the battery storage system 101 includes a control device 1, a battery storage device 2, and signal lines 3 to 6, etc. The control device 1 and the battery storage device 2 are connected to each other via signal lines 3 to 6, etc.
[0012] First, let me explain the control device 1. The control device 1 charges the battery 21 (described later) with power from a power source such as an overhead line. The control device 1 also supplies power from the battery 21 to the load.
[0013] The control device 1 includes a DC-DC converter 11, a voltage sensor 12, and a control unit 13. The control unit 13 is connected to the DC-DC converter 11 and the voltage sensor 12.
[0014] The DC-DC converter 11 is connected to the battery 21 via a contactor 22, which will be described later. The DC-DC converter 11 is also connected to a power source or load. In other words, the DC-DC converter 11 connects the power source or load to the battery 21.
[0015] When charging the battery 21, the DC-DC converter 11 is connected to a power source. The DC-DC converter 11 converts the DC voltage supplied from the power source into a predetermined DC voltage and supplies it to the battery 21.
[0016] Furthermore, when supplying power from the battery 21 to a load, the DC-DC converter 11 is connected to the load. For example, the DC-DC converter 11 is connected to a load such as a motor or an air conditioner. The DC-DC converter 11 converts the DC voltage supplied from the battery 21 to a predetermined DC voltage and supplies it to the load.
[0017] The DCDC converter 11 controls the voltage supplied to the load or the battery 21 according to the control from the control unit 13.
[0018] The voltage sensor 12 is connected between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery 21. The voltage sensor 12 measures the voltage supplied by the battery 21. The voltage sensor 12 supplies a sensor signal indicating the measured voltage to the control unit 13. For example, the voltage sensor 12 is composed of a resistor or the like.
[0019] The control unit 13 controls the entire control device 1. The control unit 13 supplies an on / off signal to a control unit (to be described later) 23 via signal lines 3 and 5. That is, the control unit 13 supplies a contact signal to the control unit 23 via signal lines 3 and 5.
[0020] Also, the control unit 13 receives an on / off signal from the control unit 23 via signal lines 4 and 6. That is, the control unit 13 receives a contact signal from the control unit 23 via signal lines 4 and 6. The control unit 13 is composed of a processor 131 (first processor) and a memory 132 (first memory) or the like.
[0021] The processor 131 controls the operation of the entire control unit 13. The processor 131 may be provided with an internal cache and various interfaces or the like. The processor 131 realizes various processes by executing a program pre-stored in an internal memory or the memory 132.
[0022] Among the various functions realized by the processor 131 by executing a program, some may be realized by a hardware circuit. In this case, the processor 131 controls the functions executed by the hardware circuit.
[0023] For example, the processor 131 is composed of a CPU, etc. Alternatively, the processor 131 may be composed of an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), etc. Furthermore, the processor 131 may be composed of an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), etc.
[0024] Memory 132 stores various types of data. For example, memory 132 functions as ROM, RAM, and NVM. For example, memory 132 stores control programs and control data. The control programs and control data are pre-installed according to the specifications of the control unit 13. For example, the control program is a program that supports the functions implemented by the control unit 13.
[0025] Furthermore, memory 132 temporarily stores data being processed by processor 131, etc. Memory 132 may also store data necessary for the execution of an application program and the execution results of the application program, etc.
[0026] Next, we will describe the battery storage device 2. The battery storage device 2 connects the battery 21 to the DC-DC converter 11 according to the control from the control device 1.
[0027] The battery storage device 2 consists of a battery 21, a contactor 22, a control unit 23, and a SOC sensor 24. The control unit 23 is connected to the contactor 22 and the SOC sensor 24.
[0028] The battery 21 is a rechargeable battery. The battery 21 is connected to a load and supplies power to the load. Here, the battery 21 supplies power to the load via the DC-DC converter 11. The battery 21 is also charged by power supplied from a power source. Here, the battery 21 is charged by power from a power source via the DC-DC converter 11.
[0029] Furthermore, the battery 21 may also be charged from other power sources. Furthermore, the voltage of the battery 21 decreases according to its remaining capacity. That is, the voltage of the battery 21 decreases as the remaining capacity decreases.
[0030] The contactor 22 is formed between the battery 21 and the DC-DC converter 11. The contactor 22 consists of two contactors, one installed on the positive electrode side and the other on the negative electrode side of the battery 21.
[0031] The contactor 22 controls the connection between the battery 21 and the DC-DC converter 11, switching it on or off. The contactor 22 turns on or off according to the control from the control unit 23.
[0032] For example, the contactor 22 consists of a switch that turns the connection on or off and a drive unit that drives the switch according to control from the control unit 23.
[0033] The SOC sensor 24 (charge rate sensor) measures the charge rate of the storage battery 21 (the ratio of remaining capacity to full charge capacity). The SOC sensor 24 supplies a sensor signal indicating the measured charge rate to the control unit 23.
[0034] For example, the SOC sensor 24 may be a sensor that measures the charge level by measuring the power flowing into and out of the battery 21. Alternatively, the SOC sensor 24 may be a sensor that measures the charge level based on the discharge characteristics or temperature characteristics of the battery 21. Furthermore, the SOC sensor 24 may be a sensor that measures the charge level based on the impedance of the battery 21. The configuration of the SOC sensor 24 is not limited to any particular configuration.
[0035] The control unit 23 controls the entire battery storage device 2. The control unit 23 supplies on / off signals to the control unit 13 via signal lines 4 and 6. That is, the control unit 23 supplies contact signals to the control unit 13 via signal lines 4 and 6.
[0036] Furthermore, the control unit 23 receives on / off signals from the control unit 13 via signal lines 3 and 5. That is, the control unit 23 receives contact signals from the control unit 13 via signal lines 3 and 5. The control unit 23 consists of a processor 231 (second processor) and memory 232 (second memory), among other components.
[0037] The processor 231 controls the operation of the entire control unit 23. The processor 231 may be equipped with an internal cache and various interfaces. The processor 231 performs various processes by executing programs pre-stored in the internal memory or memory 232.
[0038] Furthermore, some of the various functions realized by the execution of a program by the processor 231 may be realized by hardware circuits. In this case, the processor 231 controls the functions executed by the hardware circuits.
[0039] For example, the processor 231 is composed of a CPU, etc. Alternatively, the processor 231 may be composed of an ASIC, etc. Furthermore, the processor 231 may be composed of an FPGA, etc.
[0040] Memory 232 stores various types of data. For example, memory 232 functions as ROM, RAM, and NVM. For example, memory 232 stores control programs and control data. The control programs and control data are pre-installed according to the specifications of the control unit 23. For example, the control program is a program that supports the functions implemented by the control unit 23.
[0041] Furthermore, memory 232 temporarily stores data being processed by the processor 231. Memory 232 may also store data necessary for the execution of an application program and the execution results of that application program.
[0042] In addition to the configuration shown in Figure 1, the battery storage system 101 may have other configurations as needed, or certain configurations may be excluded from the battery storage system 101.
[0043] Next, the functions implemented by the control unit 23 will be described. The functions implemented by the control unit 23 are achieved by the processor 231 executing a program stored in the internal memory or memory 232, etc.
[0044] First, the processor 231 has a function to measure the charge level of the storage battery 21 using the SOC sensor 24.
[0045] For example, the processor 231 may acquire the charge level of the battery 21 using the SOC sensor 24 at predetermined intervals. Alternatively, the processor 231 may calculate the charge level of the battery 21 using the measured values indicated by the sensor signals from the SOC sensor 24.
[0046] Furthermore, the processor 231 has the function of sending a contact signal to the control unit 13 requesting charging of the battery 21 based on the charge level of the battery 21.
[0047] The processor 231 compares the charge level of the battery 21 with a predetermined threshold (charge request threshold). If it determines that the charge level of the battery 21 is below the charge request threshold, the processor 231 turns on signal line 4 as a contact signal to request charging of the battery 21. In other words, turning on signal line 4 is a contact signal to request charging of the battery 21. Conversely, turning off signal line 4 is a contact signal that does not request charging of the battery 21.
[0048] Furthermore, with signal line 4 turned on, the processor 231 compares the charge level of the battery 21 with a predetermined threshold (charge completion threshold). If it determines that the charge level of the battery 21 is equal to or greater than the charge completion threshold, the processor 231 turns off signal line 4 as a contact signal that does not request charging of the battery 21. Note that the charging completion threshold may be greater than the charging request threshold.
[0049] Furthermore, the processor 231 has a function to turn off the signal line 4 when the charge level of the storage battery 21 falls below a predetermined threshold (over-discharge threshold).
[0050] Here, the over-discharge threshold is the charge level at which the battery 21 becomes over-discharged (or the charge level at which the battery 21 becomes over-discharged plus a predetermined value). Furthermore, the over-discharge threshold is smaller than the charge request threshold. For example, the over-discharge threshold is approximately 1%.
[0051] With signal line 4 turned on, the processor 231 compares the charge level of the battery 21 with the over-discharge threshold. If it determines that the charge level of the battery 21 is below the over-discharge threshold, the processor 231 turns off signal line 4. In other words, in this case, turning off signal line 4 is a contact signal indicating that the battery 21 is over-discharged.
[0052] Furthermore, the processor 231 has the function of turning the contactor 22 on or off based on the contact signal from the signal line 3.
[0053] Here, the ON signal on signal line 3 is a contact signal that instructs to turn on (close) contactor 22. Conversely, the OFF signal on signal line 3 is a contact signal that instructs to turn off (open) contactor 22.
[0054] The processor 231 turns on the contactor 22 when signal line 3 is on. That is, the processor 231 connects the battery 21 to the DC-DC converter 11. The processor 231 also turns off the contactor 22 when signal line 3 is off. That is, the processor 231 isolates the battery 21 from the DC-DC converter 11.
[0055] Furthermore, the processor 231 has a function to send a contact signal to the control unit 13 indicating that a failure has occurred in the battery storage device 2.
[0056] The processor 231 determines whether a failure has occurred in the battery device 2 during operation. That is, the processor 231 determines whether a failure has occurred in at least one of the elements of the battery device 2.
[0057] If the processor 231 determines that there is no malfunction in the battery unit 2, it sends a contact signal to the control unit 13 via the signal line 6 indicating that there is no malfunction in the battery unit 2. In this case, the processor 231 turns off the signal line 6 as a contact signal indicating that there is no malfunction in the battery unit 2.
[0058] Furthermore, if the processor 231 determines that a failure has occurred in the battery storage device 2, it sends a contact signal to the control unit 13 via the signal line 6 indicating that a failure has occurred in the battery storage device 2. In this case, the processor 231 turns on the signal line 6 as a contact signal indicating that a failure has occurred in the battery storage device 2.
[0059] Furthermore, the processor 231 has a function to store an operation log in the memory 232 if a failure occurs in the control device 1.
[0060] As described later, the control unit 13 of the control device 1 transmits a contact signal to the control unit 23 via the signal line 5 indicating that a malfunction has occurred in the control device 1. Here, an ON signal on the signal line 5 is a contact signal indicating that there is no malfunction in the control device 1. Conversely, an OFF signal on the signal line 5 is a contact signal indicating that a malfunction has occurred in the control device 1.
[0061] During operation, the processor 231 determines whether signal line 5 has been turned off. If it determines that signal line 5 has been turned off, the processor 231 stores an operation log in memory 232. For example, the operation log consists of the charge level of the battery 21, the on / off status of the contactor 22, and so on.
[0062] The processor 231 stores the operation log for a predetermined period after the signal line 5 is turned off in the memory 232. Alternatively, the processor 231 may store the operation log in the memory 232 for a predetermined period retrospectively from the time the signal line 5 was turned off.
[0063] Next, the functions implemented by the control unit 13 will be described. The functions implemented by the control unit 13 are achieved by the processor 131 executing a program stored in the internal memory or memory 132, etc.
[0064] First, the processor 131 has the function of turning on the contactor 22 in the battery storage device 2 in order to charge the storage battery 21.
[0065] Here, we assume that contactor 22 is in the off position.
[0066] The processor 131 determines whether it has received a contact signal from the control unit 23 of the battery storage device 2 requesting charging of the battery 21. That is, the processor 131 determines whether the signal line 4 is ON.
[0067] If the processor 131 determines that signal line 4 is ON, it determines whether the battery 21 is ready to be charged. For example, the processor 131 determines whether power is connected to the DC-DC converter 11.
[0068] When the processor 131 determines that the battery 21 is ready for charging, it sends a contact signal to the control unit 23 instructing it to turn on the contactor 22. That is, the processor 131 turns on the signal line 3.
[0069] Furthermore, the processor 131 has the function of turning on the contactor 22 in the battery device 2 in order to supply power from the battery 21 to the load.
[0070] Here, we assume that the DC-DC converter 11 is connected to the load. Also, we assume that the contactor 22 is in the off position.
[0071] The processor 131 determines whether to supply power to the load. If it determines to supply power to the load, the processor 131 sends a contact signal to the control unit 23 instructing it to turn on the contactor 22. That is, the processor 131 turns on signal line 3. The processor 131 turns on signal line 3 regardless of whether signal line 4 is on or off.
[0072] Furthermore, the processor 131 has a function to turn off the contactor 22 in the battery device 2 when the battery 21 is over-discharged.
[0073] The processor 131 determines whether the signal line 4 has changed from on to off while the battery 21 is supplying power to the load. If it determines that the signal line 4 has changed from on to off, the processor 131 measures the voltage of the battery 21 using the voltage sensor 12.
[0074] When the voltage is measured, the processor 131 compares the measured voltage with a predetermined threshold (decision threshold). Here, the decision threshold is a threshold used to determine whether the battery 21 is over-discharged. For example, the decision threshold is greater than the voltage of the battery 21 when the charge level of the battery 21 is below the over-discharge threshold, and less than the voltage of the battery 21 when the charge level of the battery 21 is above the charge completion threshold.
[0075] If the measured voltage is determined to be below a certain threshold, the processor 131 sends a contact signal to the control unit 23 instructing it to turn off the contactor 22. That is, the processor 131 turns off the signal line 3.
[0076] Through the above operation, the processor 131 can distinguish whether the battery 21 has been over-discharged or whether the battery 21 has completed charging when the signal line 4 is turned off.
[0077] Furthermore, the processor 131 has a function to send a contact signal to the control unit 23 indicating that a failure has occurred in the control device 1.
[0078] The processor 131 determines whether a failure has occurred in the control device 1 during operation. That is, the processor 231 determines whether a failure has occurred in at least one of the elements of the control device 1.
[0079] If the processor 131 determines that there is no malfunction in the control device 1, it sends a contact signal to the control unit 23 via the signal line 5 indicating that there is no malfunction in the control device 1. In this case, the processor 131 turns on the signal line 5 as a contact signal indicating that there is no malfunction in the control device 1.
[0080] Furthermore, if the processor 131 determines that a malfunction has occurred in the control device 1, it sends a contact signal to the control unit 23 via the signal line 5 indicating that a malfunction has occurred in the control device 1. In this case, the processor 131 turns off the signal line 5 as a contact signal indicating that a malfunction has occurred in the control device 1.
[0081] Furthermore, the processor 131 has a function to store an operation log in the memory 132 if a failure occurs in the battery storage device 2.
[0082] As described above, the control unit 23 of the battery storage device 2 transmits a contact signal to the control unit 23 via the signal line 6, indicating that a malfunction has occurred in the control device 1.
[0083] During operation, the processor 131 determines whether signal line 6 has been turned off. If it determines that signal line 6 has been turned off, the processor 131 stores an operation log in memory 132. For example, the operation log consists of the voltage of the battery 21, the on / off state of the contactor 22, and so on.
[0084] The processor 131 stores the operation log for a predetermined period after the signal line 6 is turned off in the memory 132. Alternatively, the processor 131 may store the operation log in the memory 132 for a predetermined period retrospectively from the time the signal line 6 was turned off.
[0085] Next, an example of the operation of the battery storage system 101 will be described. First, we will describe an example of how the battery storage system 101 charges the battery storage 21. Here, we assume that signal line 4 is off.
[0086] First, the processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 measures the charge level of the battery 21 using the SOC sensor 24. After measuring the charge level of the battery 21, the processor 231 compares the charge level of the battery 21 with the charge request threshold. Here, it is assumed that the charge level of the battery 21 is less than or equal to the charge request threshold.
[0087] When the processor 231 determines that the charge level of the battery 21 is below the charge request threshold, it turns on the signal line 4.
[0088] The processor 131 of the control device 1 determines that signal line 4 has been turned on. Upon determining that signal line 4 has been turned on, the processor 131 determines whether the battery 21 is ready for charging. For example, the processor 131 determines whether power is connected to the DC-DC converter 11.
[0089] Here, we assume that the battery 21 is in a rechargeable state. When the processor 131 determines that the battery 21 is ready for charging, it turns on signal line 3.
[0090] The processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 determines that signal line 3 has been turned on. Upon determining that signal line 3 has been turned on, the processor 231 turns on contactor 22.
[0091] When the contactor 22 is turned on, the storage battery 21 receives power from the power source through the DC-DC converter 11 and is charged.
[0092] When contactor 22 is turned on, processor 231 determines whether the charge level of the storage battery 21 is above the charge completion threshold. If processor 231 determines that the charge level of the storage battery 21 is above the charge completion threshold, processor 231 turns off signal line 4.
[0093] The processor 131 of the control device 1 determines that signal line 4 has been turned off. Upon determining that signal line 4 has been turned off, the processor 131 turns off signal line 3.
[0094] The processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 determines that signal line 3 has been turned off. Upon determining that signal line 3 has been turned off, the processor 231 turns off contactor 22.
[0095] Next, we will describe an example of how the battery storage system 101 operates by supplying power from the battery 21 to the load. Here, contactor 22 is assumed to be in the off position. Also, a load is assumed to be connected to the DC-DC converter 11.
[0096] First, the processor 131 determines whether to supply power to the load. If it determines to supply power to the load, the processor 131 turns on signal line 3.
[0097] The processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 determines that signal line 3 has been turned on. Upon determining that signal line 3 has been turned on, the processor 231 turns on contactor 22.
[0098] When the contactor 22 is turned on, the battery 21 connects to the load through the DC-DC converter 11 and supplies power to the load.
[0099] When contactor 22 is turned on, processor 231 compares the charge level of battery 21 with the over-discharge threshold. If it determines that the charge level of battery 21 is below the over-discharge threshold, processor 231 turns off signal line 4.
[0100] The processor 131 of the control device 1 determines that the signal line 4 has turned off. Upon determining that the signal line 4 has changed from on to off, the processor 131 measures the voltage of the storage battery 21 using the voltage sensor 12.
[0101] When the voltage is measured, the processor 131 compares the measured voltage with a judgment threshold. If the processor determines that the measured voltage is below the judgment threshold, it turns off signal line 3.
[0102] The processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 determines that signal line 3 has been turned off. Upon determining that signal line 3 has been turned off, the processor 231 turns off contactor 22.
[0103] During the above operation, if the processor 131 of the control device 1 determines that a failure has occurred in the control device 1, it turns off signal line 5. Also, when signal line 6 is turned off, the processor 131 stores the operation log in memory 132.
[0104] Furthermore, during the above operation, if the processor 231 of the battery unit 2 determines that a failure has occurred in the battery unit 2, it turns off signal line 6. Also, when signal line 5 is turned off, the processor 231 stores the operation log in memory 232.
[0105] Furthermore, if the processor 131 of the control device 1 determines that a malfunction has occurred in the control device 1, it may store the operation log of the control device 1 in the memory 132.
[0106] If the processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 determines that a failure has occurred in the battery storage device 2, it may store the operation log of the battery storage device 2 in the memory 232.
[0107] Furthermore, the battery 21 may be connected to another load to supply power. Furthermore, the storage battery 21 and the SOC sensor 24 may be formed as a single unit.
[0108] Furthermore, the control device 1 and the battery device 2 may be mounted on the same vehicle. Alternatively, the control device 1 and the battery device 2 may be mounted on different vehicles within the same train.
[0109] Furthermore, the battery system 101 does not need to include signal line 5. Also, the battery system 101 does not need to include signal line 6.
[0110] In the battery system configured as described above, the battery unit transmits a contact signal to the control unit requesting charging of the battery. The battery system also transmits a contact signal from the control unit to the battery unit instructing the control unit to turn on the contact points connecting the power source or load to the battery. As a result, the battery system can control the charging and discharging of the battery using these contact signals. Furthermore, contact signals are less susceptible to noise. Therefore, the battery system can suppress the effects of noise in controlling the charging and discharging of the battery.
[0111] (Second embodiment) Next, a second embodiment will be described. The battery system according to the second embodiment differs from that according to the first embodiment in that it includes a signal line for transmitting a contact signal indicating that the battery is over-discharged. Therefore, other parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed descriptions are omitted.
[0112] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system 102 according to a second embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, the battery storage system 102 includes a control device 1, a battery storage device 2, and signal lines 3 to 7, etc. The control device 1 and the battery storage device 2 are connected to each other via signal lines 3 to 7, etc.
[0113] Next, the functions implemented by the control unit 23 will be described. The functions implemented by the control unit 23 are achieved by the processor 231 executing a program stored in the internal memory or memory 232, etc.
[0114] In addition to the functions realized by the control unit 23 according to the first embodiment, the control unit 23 also realizes the following functions.
[0115] The processor 231 has the function of transmitting a contact signal to the control device 1 via the signal line 7, indicating that the storage battery 21 is over-discharged.
[0116] With signal line 4 turned on, the processor 231 compares the charge level of the battery 21 with the over-discharge threshold. If it determines that the charge level of the battery 21 is below the over-discharge threshold, the processor 231 sends a contact signal to the control device 1 via signal line 7 indicating that the battery 21 is over-discharged. In this case, the processor 231 turns off signal line 7 as a contact signal indicating that the battery 21 is over-discharged.
[0117] Furthermore, if the processor 231 determines that the charge level of the battery 21 is not below the over-discharge threshold, it sends a contact signal to the control device 1 via the signal line 7 indicating that the battery 21 is not over-discharged. In this case, the processor 231 turns on the signal line 7 as a contact signal indicating that the battery 21 is not over-discharged.
[0118] Furthermore, if the processor 231 determines that the charge level of the storage battery 21 is below the over-discharge threshold, it does not need to turn off the signal line 4.
[0119] Next, the functions implemented by the control unit 13 will be described. The functions implemented by the control unit 13 are achieved by the processor 131 executing a program stored in the internal memory or memory 132, etc.
[0120] In addition to the functions realized by the control unit 13 according to the first embodiment, the control unit 13 also realizes the following functions.
[0121] The processor 131 has a function to turn off the contactor 22 in the battery device 2 based on a contact signal from the signal line 7.
[0122] The processor 131 determines whether signal line 7 is turned off while the battery 21 is supplying power to the load. If it determines that signal line 7 is turned off, the processor 131 turns off signal line 3.
[0123] Furthermore, if the processor 131 determines that it is time to supply power to the load when signal line 7 is off, it does not need to turn on signal line 3.
[0124] Next, an example of the operation of the battery storage system 101 will be described. The operation example of the battery storage system 101 charging the battery storage 21 is the same as that according to the first embodiment, so a description will be omitted.
[0125] Next, we will describe an example of how the battery storage system 101 operates by supplying power from the battery 21 to the load. Here, contactor 22 is assumed to be off. A load is assumed to be connected to the DC-DC converter 11. Signal line 7 is assumed to be on.
[0126] First, the processor 131 determines whether to supply power to the load. If it determines to supply power to the load, the processor 131 turns on signal line 3.
[0127] The processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 determines that signal line 3 has been turned on. Upon determining that signal line 3 has been turned on, the processor 231 turns on contactor 22.
[0128] When the contactor 22 is turned on, the battery 21 connects to the load through the DC-DC converter 11 and supplies power to the load.
[0129] When contactor 22 is turned on, processor 231 compares the charge level of battery 21 with the over-discharge threshold. If it determines that the charge level of battery 21 is below the over-discharge threshold, processor 231 turns off signal line 7.
[0130] The processor 131 of the control device 1 determines that signal line 7 has turned off. Upon determining that signal line 7 has changed from on to off, the processor 131 turns off signal line 3.
[0131] The processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 determines that signal line 3 has been turned off. Upon determining that signal line 3 has been turned off, the processor 231 turns off contactor 22.
[0132] In the battery system configured as described above, a contact signal indicating that the battery is over-discharged is transmitted from the battery device to the control device via a signal line. As a result, the battery system can prevent over-discharge of the battery even when the control device cannot measure the battery voltage because the contactor is off.
[0133] (Third embodiment) Next, a third embodiment will be described. The battery system according to the third embodiment differs from that according to the first embodiment in that it transmits pulses to signal lines 3 and 5. Therefore, other parts are given the same reference numerals and detailed descriptions are omitted.
[0134] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system 102 according to a second embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, the battery storage system 103 includes a control device 1, a battery storage device 20, and signal lines 3 to 7, etc. The control device 1 and the battery storage device 20 are connected to each other via signal lines 3 to 6, etc.
[0135] The battery storage device 20 connects the battery 21 to the DC-DC converter 11 according to the control from the control device 1.
[0136] The battery storage device 20 consists of a battery 21, contactors 221 and 222, a control unit 23, and a SOC sensor 24. The control unit 23 is connected to the contactors 221 and 222 and the SOC sensor 24.
[0137] The contactor 221 (first contactor) is formed between the positive terminal of the battery 21 and the DC-DC converter 11. The contactor 221 controls the connection between the positive terminal of the battery 21 and the DC-DC converter 11 to be on or off. The contactor 221 is turned on or off according to the control from the control unit 23.
[0138] The contactor 222 (second contactor) is formed between the negative electrode of the battery 21 and the DC-DC converter 11. The contactor 222 controls the connection between the negative electrode of the battery 21 and the DC-DC converter 11 to be on or off. The contactor 222 is turned on or off according to the control from the control unit 23.
[0139] Contactors 221 and 222 constitute contactors that control the connection between the battery 21 and the DC-DC converter 11 by turning it on or off.
[0140] Next, the functions implemented by the control unit 23 will be described. The functions implemented by the control unit 23 are achieved by the processor 231 executing a program stored in the internal memory or memory 232, etc.
[0141] In addition to the functions realized by the control unit 23 according to the first embodiment, the control unit 23 also realizes the following functions.
[0142] The processor 231 has the function of transmitting a pulse (charge rate pulse) indicating the charge rate of the storage battery 21 to the control device 1 via the signal line 4.
[0143] As described above, the processor 231 measures the charge level of the battery 21 using the SOC sensor 24. Once the charge level of the battery 21 is measured, the processor 231 controls the signal line 4 to turn on and off and sends a charge level pulse indicating the charge level of the battery 21 to the control device 1. For example, the charge rate pulse indicates the charge rate of the battery 21 by its duty cycle. Alternatively, the charge rate pulse may indicate the charge rate of the battery 21 by its pattern.
[0144] Furthermore, the processor 231 has the function of turning contactors 221 and 222 on and off based on pulses from signal line 3.
[0145] As will be described later, the processor 131 of the control device 1 outputs pulses (control pulses) to the signal line 3 to individually control the on / off state of contactors 221 and 222. For example, the control pulses indicate the on / off state of each contactor 221 and 222 by duty cycle or pattern.
[0146] The processor 231 receives control pulses through signal line 3. Upon receiving control pulses, the processor 231 individually controls the contactors 221 and 222 to be on or off based on the received control pulses.
[0147] Next, the functions implemented by the control unit 13 will be described. The functions implemented by the control unit 13 are achieved by the processor 131 executing a program stored in the internal memory or memory 132, etc.
[0148] In addition to the functions realized by the control unit 13 according to the first embodiment, the control unit 13 also realizes the following functions.
[0149] The processor 131 has the function of transmitting control pulses to individually control the contactors 221 and 222 via the signal line 3.
[0150] For example, the processor 131 sends a control pulse to signal line 3 to turn on either contactor 221 or contactor 222 in order to check the operation of contactors 221 and 222. After sending the control pulse, the processor 131 measures the voltage of the battery 21 using the voltage sensor 12. Based on the measured voltage, the processor 131 checks the operation of either contactor 221 or contactor 222.
[0151] Furthermore, the processor 131 has the function of receiving a charge rate pulse through the signal line 4. As mentioned above, the processor 231 of the battery storage device 2 transmits a charge rate pulse through the signal line 4.
[0152] The processor 131 receives a charge rate pulse from the battery device 2 via the signal line 4.
[0153] For example, the processor 131 controls the voltage supplied by the DC-DC converter 11 to the battery 21 based on the charge level. For instance, if the charge level is below a predetermined threshold, the processor 131 causes the DC-DC converter 11 to output a relatively high predetermined voltage for rapid charging. If the charge level is above a predetermined threshold, the processor 131 causes the DC-DC converter 11 to output a relatively low predetermined voltage for normal charging.
[0154] The processor 131 may also send control pulses based on the charge rate indicated by the charge rate pulse. For example, the processor 131 may set the charging time for the battery 21 (the time to turn on contactors 221 and 222) based on the charge level.
[0155] Furthermore, the battery storage system may have the features of the second embodiment.
[0156] In the battery system configured as described above, the battery device transmits pulses indicating the battery's charge level to the control device. As a result, the battery system can control various parameters, such as the charging voltage to the battery, according to the charge level.
[0157] Furthermore, the battery system transmits pulses from the control unit to the battery unit to individually control the two contactors. As a result, the battery system can individually turn the contactors on and off to check the operation of the contactors and other components.
[0158] (Fourth embodiment) Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. The battery storage system according to the fourth embodiment differs from that according to the first embodiment in that it comprises multiple battery storage devices. Therefore, other parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed descriptions are omitted.
[0159] Figure 4 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a battery storage system 104 according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in Figure 4, the battery storage system 104 includes a control device 1, a battery storage device 2, signal lines 3 to 6, a battery storage device 2', and signal lines 3' to 6', etc. The control device 1 and the battery storage device 2 are connected to each other via signal lines 3 to 6, etc. The control device 1 and the battery storage device 2' are connected to each other via signal lines 3' to 6', etc.
[0160] The battery storage device 2' consists of a battery 21', a contactor 22', a control unit 23', and a SOC sensor 24'. The control unit 23' is connected to the contactor 22' and the SOC sensor 24'.
[0161] Control unit 23' supplies on / off signals to control unit 13 via signal lines 4' and 6'. Control unit 23' also receives on / off signals from control unit 13 via signal lines 3' and 5'.
[0162] The control unit 23' consists of a processor 231' and memory 232', among other components.
[0163] The storage battery 21', contactor 22', control unit 23', SOC sensor 24', processor 231', and memory 232' are the same as the storage battery 21, contactor 22, control unit 23, SOC sensor 24, processor 231, and memory 232, respectively.
[0164] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, the battery 21' is connected in parallel with the battery 21 to the DC-DC converter 11.
[0165] The processor 131 of the control device 1 controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery 21 and storage battery 21', similar to the first embodiment. The processor 131 may charge storage batteries 21 and 21' simultaneously or individually. The processor 131 may also connect storage batteries 21 and 21' to a load simultaneously or individually.
[0166] Furthermore, the battery storage system 104 may include three or more battery storage devices. The number of battery storage devices included in the battery storage system 104 is not limited to a specific configuration.
[0167] Furthermore, the battery system 104 may be configured with one battery device in each car that makes up the train. Alternatively, the battery system 104 may be configured with multiple battery devices in a single car.
[0168] Furthermore, the battery storage system 104 may also have features of the battery storage system 102 according to the second embodiment.
[0169] Furthermore, the battery storage system 104 may also have features of the battery storage system 102 according to the third embodiment. In this case, the processor 131 of the control device 1 may preferentially charge the battery with the lowest charge level. Alternatively, the processor 131 may preferentially connect the battery with the highest charge level to the load.
[0170] The battery system configured as described above comprises multiple battery devices. As a result, the battery system can control the charging and discharging of multiple batteries with a single control device.
[0171] While several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be carried out in a variety of other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their variations are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as in the claims of the invention and its equivalents. [Explanation of Symbols]
[0172] 1...Control device, 2...Battery device, 2'...Battery device, 3...Signal line, 3'...Signal line, 4...Signal line, 4'...Signal line, 5...Signal line, 5'...Signal line, 6...Signal line, 6'...Signal line, 7...Signal line, 11...DC-DC converter, 12...Voltage sensor, 13...Control unit, 20...Battery device, 21...Battery, 21'...Battery, 22...Contactor, 22'...Contactor, 23...Control unit, 23'...Control unit, 24...SOC sensor, 24'...SOC sensor, 101...Battery system, 102...Battery system, 103...Battery system, 104...Battery system, 131...Processor, 132...Memory, 221...Contactor, 222...Contactor, 231...Processor, 231'...Processor, 232...Memory, 232'...Memory.
Claims
1. A battery system comprising a control device and a battery device including a rechargeable battery, The control device is A converter that supplies power to the aforementioned storage battery, A first processor, upon receiving a contact signal requesting charging of the battery, transmits a contact signal to the battery device that turns on the contactor connecting the converter and the battery. Equipped with, The aforementioned battery storage device is A charge rate sensor for measuring the charge rate of the aforementioned storage battery, The aforementioned contactor, Based on the charge level, a contact signal requesting charging of the battery is transmitted to the control device. When a contact signal that turns on the contactor is received from the control device, the contactor is turned on. The second processor, Equipped with, Battery storage system.
2. When the charge level falls below a predetermined charge request threshold, the second processor transmits a contact signal to the control device requesting charging of the battery. The battery storage system according to claim 1.
3. The converter supplies power from the battery to the load. The first processor transmits a contact signal to the battery device to turn on the contactor in order to supply power to the load. The battery storage system according to claim 1.
4. The first processor transmits a contact signal to the battery device to turn off the contactor when the charge level falls below a predetermined over-discharge threshold. The battery storage system according to claim 3.
5. When the charge level falls below the over-discharge threshold, the second processor turns off the contact signal requesting charging of the battery. The control device includes a voltage sensor for measuring the voltage of the storage battery, The first processor, when the voltage of the battery is below a predetermined threshold and the contact signal requesting charging of the battery is turned off, transmits a contact signal to the battery device to turn off the contactor. The battery storage system according to claim 4.
6. When the charge level falls below the over-discharge threshold, the second processor transmits a contact signal to the control device indicating that the battery is over-discharged. The battery system according to claim 4, wherein the first processor, upon receiving a contact signal from the battery device indicating that the battery is over-discharged, transmits a contact signal to the battery device to turn off the contactor.
7. The second processor transmits a contact signal to the control device indicating that a failure has occurred in the battery device when a failure occurs in the battery device. The battery storage system according to claim 1.
8. The control device includes a first memory, When the first processor receives a contact signal from the battery device indicating that a malfunction has occurred in the battery device, it stores the operation log of the control device in the first memory. The battery storage system according to claim 7.
9. If a failure occurs in the control device, the first processor transmits a contact signal to the battery device indicating that a failure has occurred in the control device. The battery storage system according to claim 1.
10. The aforementioned battery storage device includes a second memory, When the second processor receives a contact signal from the control device indicating that a malfunction has occurred in the control device, it stores the operation log of the battery device in the second memory. The battery storage system according to claim 9.
11. The second processor transmits a pulse indicating the charge level to the control device. The battery storage system according to claim 1.
12. The aforementioned contactor is A first contactor connecting the positive electrode of the storage battery and the converter, A second contactor connecting the negative electrode of the battery and the converter, Composed of, The first processor transmits pulses to the battery device that cause the first contactor and the second contactor to be individually switched on and off. The battery storage system according to claim 1.
13. A plurality of the aforementioned battery devices are provided, A battery storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 12.