Multi-component golf club head with tuning elements

Abstract

To provide a multi-component golf club head with a tuning element.SOLUTION: A multi-material wood-type golf club head according to embodiments, comprising a tuning element 130, is disclosed. The multi-material wood-type golf club head comprises a first metallic component forming the striking face and portions of the crown, the toe, and the sole, and a second non-metallic component forming a majority of the crown and portions of the heel, toe, and sole. The club head further comprises a tuning element secured to the interior surface of the crown. The tuning element damps the amplitude at a hotspot in the club head by between 1 and 7 decibels.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field] 【0001】 (Cross-reference of related applications) This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 127,869 filed December 18, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 082,925 filed September 24, 2020. All of the above disclosures are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 【0002】 The present invention generally relates to golf equipment, and more particularly to a multi-component golf club head equipped with tuning elements. [Background technology] 【0003】 Golf club design takes into account several performance characteristics, including vibration and acoustic response. Vibration or acoustic response corresponds to the sound and feel of the golf club. At impact, the club head vibrates at various natural frequencies, each with different amplitudes (also known as vibration "modes"). The design and structure of the club head determine the various different amplitudes that occur at various natural frequencies. Natural frequencies with high amplitudes are considered "dominant frequencies" and are the most significant contributor to club head sound. If the amplitude of the dominant frequencies is too high, the club head may sound jarring and unpleasant to the golfer. To achieve a pleasant acoustic response at impact, dominant vibrations must be suppressed (i.e., such vibration amplitudes must be reduced). However, in many cases, damping measures require adding a significant amount of mass to the club head at multiple locations, which negatively affects mass characteristics such as the center of gravity (CG) and moment of inertia (MOI). Therefore, in this field, there is a need for suitable lightweight means to suppress the dominant vibration of a golf club head and produce a desired vibration response without adversely affecting the mass characteristics of the club head. [Brief explanation of the drawing] 【0004】 [Figure 1]This is a top-view perspective of a wood-type golf club head with tuning features. 【0005】 [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a front view of the club head. 【0006】 [Figure 3] Figure 1 shows the sole of the club head. 【0007】 [Figure 4A] Figure 1 shows a club head comprising a first metal component, a second non-metal component, and tuning elements. 【0008】 [Figure 4B] Figure 1 is an exploded view of the club head, which comprises a first metal component, a second non-metal component, and tuning elements. 【0009】 [Figure 5] This is a diagram of a tuning element with multiple layers. 【0010】 [Figure 6] Figure 1 shows the crown of a club head, defining multiple quadrants. 【0011】 [Figure 7] Figure 1 shows the crown of a club head with multiple vibration hotspots. 【0012】 [Figure 8A] This is a diagram of the crown of the club head shown in Figure 1, which is further equipped with a crown position identification feature. 【0013】 [Figure 8B] Figure 8A shows the crown of the club head, which has multiple vibration hotspots. 【0014】 [Figure 9] Figure 1 is a rear perspective view of the second multi-component with tuning elements for the club head. [Modes for carrying out the invention] 【0015】 This embodiment applies to wood-type club heads (e.g., driver club heads, fairway wood club heads, or hybrid club heads) in which the multi-material structure includes lightweight crown tuning elements. When the club head is impacted by a golf ball, the tuning elements suppress or reduce the high amplitudes that occur at the natural frequencies, resulting in improved acoustic response and a desired "softer" feel. The tuning elements are precisely positioned to correspond to the high amplitudes that occur at the natural frequencies. The tuning elements improve the acoustic response of the club head without adding a significant amount of mass to the club head. The crown tuning elements are lightweight or low-mass elements that improve the sound and feel of the club head during golf ball impact, while maintaining the overall club head design to preserve desired mass characteristics such as maximizing the moment of inertia of the club head and a low rear center of gravity. 【0016】 The tuning elements and their placement described herein are beneficial to composite clubhead structures because they allow for precise placement on the crown before the clubhead is assembled. Furthermore, the tuning elements do not lose structural integrity due to heat sources used during the clubhead assembly process. For example, in the case of a clubhead comprising a metal component and a composite component, the tuning elements are placed on the multi-component before the clubhead is assembled. Typically, in a multi-component clubhead structure, the composite component is fixed to the metal component via adhesive or mechanical means without the use of a heat source. No heat source is used in the composite assembly process, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the tuning elements. In contrast, all metal clubheads are cast as a single body, and the faceplate is welded onto the body. Welding the faceplate requires a heat source and affects the structural integrity of any tuning elements located within the internal cavities of the metal clubhead (e.g., by melting them). The tuning elements described herein are precisely placed on the crown without loss of structural integrity or alteration of material properties. 【0017】 For example, a club head has a two-component design having a first component formed from a metallic material and a second component formed from a non-metallic material. The first component includes a load-bearing structure and the majority of the club head mass. The first component includes a rearward-extending sole portion or sole rearward extension that extends away from the strike face. The first component having the sole extension may include structures such as ribs that accept removable weights for weight adjustment and structurally reinforce the club head. The second component comprises a lightweight composite structure. The lightweight composite structure wraps around the first component and forms the majority of the crown of the club head, as well as the heel, toe, and sole portions. 【0018】 The tuning element addresses the high amplitude that occurs at the dominant natural frequency. This high amplitude occurs on the non-metallic or composite components of the club head. For example, the dominant natural frequency occurs in the structurally weakest parts of the composite component. These structurally weak parts may include thin or minimally sized sections of the composite component. Thin sections of the composite component contain high amplitude at the dominant natural frequency. 【0019】 The tuning element is positioned on the crown portion of the second component to control the sound. Specifically, the tuning element is positioned on the rear heel portion of the crown to suppress the amplitude that occurs at the dominant natural frequency. The tuning element addresses the high amplitude that occurs at the dominant natural frequency above 5000 Hz. Club heads with a multi-material structure and crown tuning element reduce the amplitude at the dominant frequency by 1 to 7 decibels compared to similar multi-component club heads without the tuning element. Club heads with crown tuning element provide superior sound control while minimizing the impact on the center of gravity and moment of inertia characteristics. The following describes several embodiments of the crown tuning element that improve the acoustic response of a multi-component club head during golf ball impact. 【0020】 The terms “a,” “an,” “the,” “at least one,” and “one or more” are used interchangeably to indicate that there is at least one item, and there may be more such items unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise. All values ​​of parameters (e.g., of quantity or condition) in this specification, including in the appended claims, should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “about,” regardless of whether “about” actually precedes the value. “About” indicates that the stated numerical value allows for some degree of imperfection (some approach to the exact value, approximately or reasonably close to the value, etc.). Where the imperfection given by “about” is not understood in the art in this ordinary sense, where used herein, “about” indicates at least the variation that may arise from the ordinary methods of measuring and using such parameters. Furthermore, disclosures of ranges include disclosures of all values ​​and disclosures of further subdivided ranges within the entire range. Each value within a range and the endpoints of a range are all disclosed herein as separate embodiments. The terms “equipped,” “possessing,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore identify the existence of the item described, but do not exclude the existence of other items. Where used herein, the term “or” includes any combination and all combinations of one or more of the listed items. When terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used to distinguish different items from one another, these designations are for convenience only and do not limit the items. 【0021】 The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” and “fifth,” etc., in the detailed description and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements, where applicable, and not necessarily to describe a specific sequential or chronological order. The terms used in this manner are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein allow for sequences of operation other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms “equipped with” and “possessing,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, allowing a process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus containing a list of elements to include other elements that are not explicitly enumerated or are inherently present in such a process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus, but are not necessarily limited to those elements. 【0022】 Terms such as “left,” “right,” “front,” “rear,” “top,” “bottom,” “up,” and “down” in the detailed description and claims are used for descriptive purposes, where applicable, and not necessarily to describe permanent relative positions. Terms used in this manner are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and it should be understood that embodiments of the apparatus, methods, and / or articles of manufacture described herein are capable of operating in orientations other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. For consistency and clarity, all references to orientation used herein assume that the golf club head referred to is placed on a horizontally flat ground plane such that the predetermined loft and lie angles of the club head are achieved. The “front” or “forward portion” of the golf club head generally refers to the side of the golf club head that includes the strike face (when viewed perpendicular to the ground plane). Conversely, the rear portion of the club head is opposite the strike face and may include all of the area behind the strike face of the club head and / or the portion that follows the strike face at impact. 【0023】 The terms "to connect," "connected," "linked," and "connected" should be understood broadly and refer to the joining of two or more elements, mechanically or otherwise. The connection (mechanically or otherwise) can be of any length of time, such as permanent, semi-permanently, or even just momentarily. 【0024】 The terms “loft” or “loft angle” used herein refer to the angle formed between the clubface and the shaft of a golf club, as measured by any appropriate loft-leveling machine. 【0025】 The "driver golf club head" as used herein has a loft angle of less than approximately 16 degrees, less than approximately 15 degrees, less than approximately 14 degrees, less than approximately 13 degrees, less than approximately 12 degrees, less than approximately 11 degrees, or less than approximately 10 degrees. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the "driver golf club head" as used herein has a volume exceeding approximately 400cc, more than approximately 425cc, more than approximately 445cc, more than approximately 450cc, more than approximately 455cc, more than approximately 460cc, more than approximately 475cc, more than approximately 500cc, more than approximately 525cc, more than approximately 550cc, more than approximately 575cc, more than approximately 600cc, more than approximately 625cc, more than approximately 650cc, more than approximately 675cc, or more than approximately 700cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the driver can be approximately 400cc to 600cc, approximately 425cc to 500cc, approximately 500cc to 600cc, approximately 500cc to 650cc, approximately 550cc to 700cc, approximately 600cc to 650cc, approximately 600cc to 700cc, or approximately 600cc to 800cc. 【0026】 As used herein, “fairway wood golf club heads” have a loft angle of less than approximately 35 degrees, less than approximately 34 degrees, less than approximately 33 degrees, less than approximately 32 degrees, less than approximately 31 degrees, or less than approximately 30 degrees. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the loft angle of a fairway wood golf club head can exceed approximately 12 degrees, more than approximately 13 degrees, more than approximately 14 degrees, more than approximately 15 degrees, more than approximately 16 degrees, more than approximately 17 degrees, more than approximately 18 degrees, more than approximately 19 degrees, or more than approximately 20 degrees. For example, in other embodiments, the loft angle of a fairway wood can be between 12 degrees and 35 degrees, between 15 degrees and 35 degrees, between 20 degrees and 35 degrees, or between 12 degrees and 30 degrees. 【0027】 Furthermore, the “fairway wood golf club head” used herein has a volume of less than approximately 400cc, less than approximately 375cc, less than approximately 350cc, less than approximately 325cc, less than approximately 300cc, less than approximately 275cc, less than approximately 250cc, less than approximately 225cc, or less than approximately 200cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the fairway wood can be approximately 150cc to 200cc, approximately 150cc to 250cc, approximately 150cc to 300cc, approximately 150cc to 350cc, approximately 150cc to 400cc, approximately 300cc to 400cc, approximately 325cc to 400cc, approximately 350cc to 400cc, approximately 250cc to 400cc, approximately 250cc to 350cc, or approximately 275cc to 375cc. 【0028】 The “hybrid golf club head” as used herein has a loft angle of less than approximately 40 degrees, less than approximately 39 degrees, less than approximately 38 degrees, less than approximately 37 degrees, less than approximately 36 degrees, less than approximately 35 degrees, less than approximately 34 degrees, less than approximately 33 degrees, less than approximately 32 degrees, less than approximately 31 degrees, or less than approximately 30 degrees. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the loft angle of the hybrid can exceed approximately 16 degrees, more than approximately 17 degrees, more than approximately 18 degrees, more than approximately 19 degrees, more than approximately 20 degrees, more than approximately 21 degrees, more than approximately 22 degrees, more than approximately 23 degrees, more than approximately 24 degrees, or more than approximately 25 degrees. 【0029】 Furthermore, the "hybrid golf club heads" used herein have a volume of less than approximately 200cc, less than approximately 175cc, less than approximately 150cc, less than approximately 125cc, less than approximately 100cc, or less than approximately 75cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the hybrid can be approximately 100cc to 150cc, approximately 75cc to 150cc, approximately 100cc to 125cc, or approximately 75cc to 125cc. 【0030】 As used herein, the term “decibels” refers to a unit of vibration amplitude. Vibrations are measured in decibels on a logarithmic scale. Due to the logarithmic nature of the decibel scale, a linear increase in the decibel value of the amplitude correlates to an exponential increase in the vibration amplitude (or “vibrational energy”) as measured by a linear scale. Therefore, a decrease and / or increase in the decibel value of the vibration amplitude correlates to a significant decrease and / or increase in the magnitude of the vibration amplitude, even by just 1 or 2 decibels. 【0031】 Other features and aspects will become apparent by considering the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Before any embodiment of this disclosure is described in detail, it should be understood that in its application, this disclosure is not limited to the details or construction and arrangement of components as described in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. This disclosure can support other embodiments and may be practiced or implemented in various ways. It should be understood that the description of a particular embodiment is not intended to limit this disclosure, as it covers all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the gist and scope of this disclosure. It should also be understood that the expressions and terminology used herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting. 【0032】 A brief explanation of multi-component clubheads. Before describing the structure of tuning elements and the advantageous benefits of tuning elements that suppress high amplitude at dominant natural frequencies, one embodiment of a multi-component or composite club head structure is described below. Refer to the drawings where the same reference numbers identify the same or identical components in various figures. Figures 1 to 9 schematically show a multi-material wood-type golf club head in various views. The club head 100 comprises a first component 120 and a second component 122. The first component 120 and the second component 122 are fixed together to define a substantially closed / hollow internal volume. The club head 100 comprises a strike face 102, a front end 104, a rear end 106 opposite the front end 104, a crown 108, a sole 110 opposite the crown 108, a heel end 114, and a toe end 112 opposite the heel end 114. The front end 104 of the club head 100 comprises a strike face 102 and a leading edge 115. The club head 100 further comprises a skirt or trailing edge 118. The skirt or trailing edge 118 is located between the crown and the sole, adjacent to the crown and the sole. The skirt extends from near the heel end 114 to near the toe end 112 of the club head 100. 【0033】 The club head 100 is a wood-type club head, such as a driver club head, fairway wood club head, or hybrid club head, as described in this disclosure. The strike face 102 and body 101 can define an internal cavity of the club head 100. The body 101 can extend over the crown 108, sole 110, heel end 114, toe end 112, rear end 106, and the outer periphery of the front end 104. In one embodiment, the body 101 defines an opening on the front end 104 of the club head 100, and the strike face 102 is positioned within the opening to form the club head 100. In another embodiment, the strike face 102 may extend over the outer periphery of the front end 104 and include a striking surface return portion that extends over at least one of the crown 108, sole 110, heel 114, and toe 112 (not shown). In embodiments that include a strike face return portion, the return portion of the strike face 102 is fixed to the body 101 to form the club head 100. In these embodiments, the club head 100 can resemble a cup face or face wrap design. 【0034】 As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the club head 100 includes a hosel structure. The hosel structure 105 can receive a hosel sleeve and a golf shaft. The hosel sleeve can be connected to the end of a golf shaft (not shown). The hosel sleeve can be connected to the hosel structure in multiple configurations, thereby allowing the golf shaft to be fixed to the hosel structure at multiple angles. 【0035】 The club head 100 may further include a weight port 119 configured to receive a removable weight. In many embodiments, the weight port 119 may be located on the sole 110 and / or skirt 118. The removable weight can adjust the moment of inertia (MOI) characteristics and the center of gravity (CG) position. 【0036】 The strike face 102 comprises a striking surface 103 intended to impact the golf ball. The striking surface 103 further defines a face center or shape center 116. In some embodiments, the face center 116 can be located at the shape center point of the striking surface 103. Alternatively, the face center 116 of the striking surface 103 can be located according to the regulations of a golf governing body such as the United States Golf Association (USGA). 【0037】 Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the club head 100 defines a contact plane 2000 that is in contact with the sole 110 when the club head 100 is in the address position. The center 116 of the hitting surface 103 defines the starting point of a coordinate system having x-axis 1050, y-axis 1060, and z-axis 1070. The x-axis 1050 is a horizontal axis that extends from near the heel end 114 to near the toe end 112, parallel to the contact plane 2000, and passes through the center 116. The y-axis 1060 is a vertical axis that extends from near the sole 110 to near the crown 108, perpendicular to the contact plane 2000, and passes through the center 116. The y-axis 1060 is perpendicular to the x-axis 1050. The z-axis 1070 is a horizontal axis that extends from near the front end 104 to near the rear end 106, parallel to the ground plane 2000, passing through the center of the surface 116. The z-axis 1070 is perpendicular to the x-axis 1050 and the y-axis 1060. The x-axis 1050 extends in the positive direction toward the heel end 114. The y-axis 1060 extends in the positive direction toward the crown 108. The z-axis 1070 extends in the positive direction toward the rear end 106. 【0038】 Referring to Figure 6, the club head 100 further comprises several quadrants defined within the coordinate system. The club head 100 defines a front reference plane 500. The front reference plane 500 is tangent to the leading edge 115 at address and perpendicular to the ground plane 2000. The club head 100 defines a rear reference plane 600. The rear reference plane 600 is tangent to the rear end 106 and parallel to the front reference plane 500. The club head 100 further defines a central plane 550, which is defined midway between the front reference plane 500 and the rear reference plane 600. The central plane 550 extends parallel to both the front reference plane 500 and the rear reference plane 600. Viewed from above or from the crown, as shown in Figure 6, the club head 100 defines several quadrants divided by the central plane 550 and the YZ plane. The YZ plane is defined as a plane extending along the y and z axes. The club head 100 defines the front-toe quadrant 170, the rear-toe quadrant 172, the front-heel quadrant 174, and the rear-heel quadrant 176. The front-toe quadrant 170 is located in front of the central plane 550 and towards the toe of the YZ plane. The rear-toe quadrant 172 is located behind the central plane 550 and towards the toe of the YZ plane. The front-heel quadrant 174 is located in front of the central plane 550 and towards the heel of the YZ plane. The rear-heel quadrant 176 is located behind the central plane 550 and towards the heel of the YZ plane. 【0039】 As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the club head 100 further comprises a center of gravity (CG) 1000. In many embodiments, the center of gravity 1000 is located within the coordinate system defined above. The center of gravity 1000 lies on the x-axis 1050, the y-axis 1060, and the z-axis 1070. The center of gravity 1000 further defines the origin of a coordinate system having CGx-axis 2050, CGy-axis 2060, and CGz-axis 2070. The CGx-axis 2050 extends through CG1000 from near the heel end 114 to near the toe end 112. The CGy-axis 2060 extends through CG1000 from near the crown 108 to near the sole 110, and the CGz-axis 2070 is perpendicular to the CGx-axis 2050. The CGz axis 2070 extends from near the front end 104 to near the rear end 106, passing through CG1000, and is perpendicular to both the CGx axis 2050 and the CGy axis 2060. 【0040】 The CGx axis 2050 is parallel to the x axis 1050, the CGy axis 2060 is parallel to the y axis 1060, and the CGz axis 2070 is parallel to the z axis 1070. In many embodiments, the center of gravity 1000 is preferably located towards the sole 110 and rear end 106 of the club head 100. 【0041】 The club head 100 further includes a moment of inertia Ixx around the CGx axis 2050 (i.e., crown-sole moment of inertia) and a moment of inertia Iyy around the CGy axis 2060 (i.e., heel-toe moment of inertia). As will be explained in more detail below, increasing or maximizing the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy results in a highly forgiving club head. The club head 100 includes high moments of inertia Ixx and high moments of inertia Iyy. High moments of inertia Ixx and high moments of inertia Iyy result in improved feel, forgiveness, and playability for the club head 100. 【0042】 First component As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the club head 100 can be formed from multiple materials. The club head 100 comprises a first component 120 formed from a metal material. The first component 120 provides a load-bearing structure and the majority of the mass of the club head 100 to withstand repeated impacts on the golf ball. The first component 120 is configured for impacts on the golf ball and provides structural reinforcement to the club head 100. The first component 120 is located at the rear of the club head and includes a weight port 119 for receiving a removable weight for weight adjustment and may include structures such as ribs that structurally reinforce the club head 100. 【0043】 The first component comprises a front end 104 having a strike face 102, a hosel structure 105, and a return portion 124 extending rearward from the outer periphery of the strike face 102. In some embodiments, the first component 120 can be integrally formed as a single structure or component formed from a single material. Alternatively, the first component 120 can receive a custom-formed strike face insert. The custom-formed strike face insert can be fixed into an opening in the front end of the club head 100. The custom-formed strike face insert may include a different metal material from that of the first component. 【0044】 The return portion 124 of the first component 120 forms part of the crown 108, sole 110, hosel structure 105, heel end 114, and toe end 112. The first component 120 further includes a sole rear extension 160 that extends behind the return portion 124. The sole rear extension 160 forms part of the sole 110. The sole rear extension 160 extends between the return portion 124 and the rear end 106 of the club head 100. The sole rear extension 160 extends for most of the club head length, which is measured parallel to the z-axis 1070 from the leading edge 115 to the trailing edge 118. As shown in Figures 3, 4A, and 4B, the sole rear extension 160 includes a weight port 119 for weight adjustment and / or a reinforcing structure for reinforcing the club head 100. 【0045】 The first component 120 of the club head 100 may be formed from, but is not limited to, iron, alloy steel, stainless steel alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt, cobalt alloy, titanium alloy, amorphous metal alloy, or other similar material. For example, the first component 120 may be formed from, but is not limited to, Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy, 17-4 stainless steel, C300, C350, Ni(nickel)-Co(cobalt)-Cr(chromium)-alloy steel, 565 steel, AISI type 304 or AISI type 630 stainless steel, 17-4 stainless steel, titanium alloy, for example, but is not limited to, Ti-6-4, Ti-3-8-6-4-4, Ti-10-2-3, Ti-15-3-3-3, Ti-15-5-3, Ti185, Ti-6-6-2, Ti-7s, Ti-9s, Ti-92, T9s+, or Ti-8-1-1 titanium alloy, amorphous metal alloy, or other similar metals. 【0046】 Second component The club head 100 further comprises a second component 122 formed from a lightweight non-metallic material. The second component 122 reduces the mass of the crown and allows for further discretionary distribution of mass to the first component 120 and / or removable weights. The second component 122 can be formed by injection molding as a single structure or component having a single material. As will be described in more detail below, tuning elements are bonded or fixed to the second component 122 to suppress high amplitudes occurring at dominant natural frequencies. 【0047】 As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the second component 122 forms the majority of the crown 108, as well as the heel end 114, toe end 112, sole 110, rear end 106, and skirt 118. The second component 122 comprises a crown portion 150, a sole toe portion 152a, and a sole heel portion 152b. The second component 122 is configured to be fixed to the first component 120. Referring to Figures 4A and 4B, the second component 122 is configured to wrap around the first component 120. The second component 122 abuts against the return portion 124 and the sole rear extension portion 160 of the first component 120. Viewed from the sole, the first component 120 extends between the second components 122. Specifically, the sole rear extension portion 160 of the first component 120 extends between the second components 122. The second component 122 forms the heel portion 152b and the toe portion 152a of the sole 110. 【0048】 The second component 122 is fixed to the first component 120 at the joint surface. The second component 122 is fixed to the first component 120 at the joint surface via adhesive or by mechanical means. The joint surface can be located at the joint between the first component 120 and the second component 122. The joint surface can be a concave lip. The concave lip extends along the outer circumference of the return portion 124 and the sole rear extension portion 160. The concave lip is recessed from the outer surface of the club head 100 and can accommodate the combined thickness of the overlapping portions between the first component 120 and the second component 122, as well as any adhesive used to fix the two components together. 【0049】 The second component 122 can be located within the quadrants described above. As described above, the club head 100 defines the front-toe quadrant 170, the rear-toe quadrant 172, the front-heel quadrant 174, and the rear-heel quadrant 176. A portion of the second component 122 can be located within the front-toe quadrant 170 and the front-heel quadrant 174. The second component 122 can be entirely located within the rear-toe quadrant 172 and the rear-heel quadrant 176. In other words, the majority of the second component 122 (i.e., the surface area of ​​the second component 122) can be located behind the central plane 550. For example, more than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of the surface area of ​​the second component 122 can be located behind the central plane 550. In other embodiments, the surface area of ​​the second component 122 located behind the central plane 550 can range from 55% to 95%. 【0050】 The second component 122 comprises a material with a lower density than the material of the first component 120. In some embodiments, the second component 122 may include a composite material formed from a polymer resin and reinforcing fibers. The polymer resin may include a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin. The composite material of the second component 122 may be either a filler-filled thermoplastic (FT) composite or a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). In some embodiments, the second component 122 may include FT bonded together with the FRC. Filler-filled thermoplastic (FT) composites are typically injection-molded into a desired shape. Filler-filled thermoplastic (FT) composites may include a thermoplastic resin and randomly oriented discontinuous fibers. In contrast, fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are formed from resin-impregnated (prepreg) continuous fiber sheets. Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) may include either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin. 【0051】 In embodiments using thermoplastic resins, the resin may include thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). For example, the resin may be polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide, polyamide such as PA6 or PA66, polyamide-imide, or polyphenylene sulfide. This may include (PPS), polycarbonate, engineering polyurethane and / or other similar materials. Strength and weight are the two main properties to consider when thinking about composite materials, but a suitable composite material may also exhibit secondary benefits such as acoustic properties. In some embodiments, PPS and PEEK are desirable because they generally produce a metallic-sounding acoustic response upon impact with the club head. 【0052】 The reinforcing fibers may include carbon fibers (or shredded carbon fibers), glass fibers (or shredded glass fibers), graphite fibers (or shredded graphite fibers), or any other suitable filler material. In other embodiments, the composite material may include any reinforcing filler that adds strength, durability and / or weight. 【0053】 The density of the composite material (combining resin and fiber) forming the second component 122 can range from about 1.15 g / cc to about 2.02 g / cc. In some embodiments, the density of the composite material ranges between about 1.20 g / cc and about 1.90 g / cc, between about 1.25 g / cc and about 1.85 g / cc, between about 1.30 g / cc and about 1.80 g / cc, between about 1.40 g / cc and about 1.70 g / cc, between about 1.30 g / cc and about 1.40 g / cc, or between about 1.40 g / cc and about 1.45 g / cc. 【0054】 Second component material - Filled thermoplastic (FT) material In FT materials, the polymer resin should preferably incorporate one or more polymers having sufficiently high material strength and / or strength / weight ratio characteristics to withstand typical use and provide weight-saving benefits to the design. Specifically, it is important for the design and material to efficiently withstand the stresses applied during the impact between the strike face and the golf ball and not substantially contribute to the total weight of the golf club head. Generally, polymers can be characterized by a yield point tensile strength of about 60 MPa (net). When polymer resins are combined with reinforcing fibers, the resulting composite material can have a yield point tensile strength of about 110 MPa, about 180 MPa, about 220 MPa, about 260 MPa, about 280 MPa, or about 290 MPa. In some embodiments, suitable composite materials may have yield point tensile strengths ranging from about 60 MPa to about 350 MPa. 【0055】 In some embodiments, the reinforcing fibers include multiple dispersed discontinuous fibers (i.e., slash fibers). In some embodiments, the reinforcing fibers include discontinuous "long fibers" having designed fiber lengths ranging from about 3 mm to 25 mm. In some embodiments, the discontinuous "long fibers" have designed fiber lengths ranging from about 3 mm to 14 mm. For example, in some embodiments, the fiber length is about 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) before the molding process. In some embodiments, the reinforcing fibers include discontinuous "short fibers" having designed fiber lengths ranging from about 0.01 mm to 3 mm. In any case (whether short or long fibers), it should be noted that the given lengths are pre-mixed lengths, and due to breakage during the molding process, some fibers may actually be shorter than the above range in the final component. In some configurations, the discontinuous slash fibers may feature an aspect ratio (e.g., fiber length / diameter) greater than about 10, more preferably greater than about 50, and less than about 1500. Regardless of the specific type of discontinuously cut fiber used, in a given configuration, the composite material may have fiber lengths ranging from approximately 0.01 mm to approximately 25 mm, or from approximately 0.01 mm to approximately 14 mm. 【0056】 The composite material may have a polymer resin content of about 40% to about 90% by weight, or a polymer resin content of about 55% to about 70% by weight. The composite material of the second component may have a fiber content between about 10% to about 60% by weight. In some embodiments, the composite material has a fiber content between 30% to 40% by weight, between about 20% to about 50% by weight. In some embodiments, the composite material has a fiber content between about 10% to about 15% by weight, between about 15% to about 20% by weight, between about 20% to about 25% by weight, between about 25% to about 30% by weight, between about 30% to about 35% by weight, between about 35% to about 40% by weight, between about 40% to about 45% by weight, between about 45% to about 50% by weight, between about 50% to about 55% by weight, or between about 55% to about 60% by weight. 【0057】 In embodiments where the second component 122 includes a filler-filled thermoplastic (FT) material, the second component 122 can be injection molded from a composite pellet containing both polymer resin and reinforcing fibers. The reinforcing fibers can be embedded in the resin prior to the injection molding process. The pellet can be melted to form the second component 122 and injected into an empty mold. The FT composite material can have a melting temperature between about 210°C and about 280°C. In some embodiments, the composite material can have a melting temperature between about 250°C and about 270°C. 【0058】 In embodiments involving a second component 122 of the FT material, at least 50% of the fibers can be roughly aligned forward-backward within the central region of the crown 108. In other words, the fibers can be roughly aligned perpendicular to the strike face 102. The FT material exhibits maximum strength in the fiber alignment direction. Therefore, oriented the fibers in a roughly forward-backward direction increases the durability of the club head 100. The fibers can be oriented in a roughly forward-backward direction to cope with the compressive stress within the crown 108 that occurs during the impact of the golf ball. The fiber alignment can correspond to the flow direction of the material in the mold during the injection molding process. 【0059】 In some embodiments, the second component 122 can be formed from a long-fiber reinforced TPU material (exemplary FT material). The long-fiber TPU may contain about 40% by weight of long carbon fibers. The long-fiber TPU can exhibit a higher modulus of elasticity than the short-carbon fiber compound. The long-fiber TPU can withstand high temperatures and is suitable for use in golf club heads used and / or stored in hot climates. The long-fiber TPU also exhibits high toughness, enabling it to function well as a replacement for conventional metal components. In some embodiments, the long-fiber TPU includes a tensile modulus between about 26,000 MPa and about 30,000 MPa, or between about 27,000 MPa and about 29,000 MPa. In some embodiments, the long-fiber TPU includes a flexural modulus between about 21,000 MPa and about 26,000 MPa, or between about 22,000 MPa and about 25,000 MPa. Long-fiber TPU materials can have a tensile elongation (at break) between approximately 0.5% and approximately 2.5%. In some embodiments, the tensile elongation of composite TPU materials can be between approximately 1.0% and approximately 2.0%, between approximately 1.2% and approximately 1.4%, between approximately 1.4% and approximately 1.6%, between approximately 1.6% and approximately 1.8%, and between approximately 1.8% and approximately 2.0%. 【0060】 Second component material - Fiber-reinforced composite material (FRC) In some embodiments, the second component 122 may include a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) material. The FRC material may generally include one or more layers of unidirectional or multidirectional fiber fabrics extending over a larger portion of the polymer. Unlike the reinforcing fibers that may be used in filler-filled thermoplastic (FT) materials, the maximum dimensions of the fibers used in FRC may be substantially larger / longer than those used in FT materials, and may have sufficient size and properties to be provided as a continuous fabric separate from the polymer. When formed with a thermoplastic polymer, the included continuous fibers are generally non-flowing, even if the polymer is freely flowable when melted. The reinforcing fibers may have basis weights (weight per length × width area) between 75 g / m² and 150 g / m². 【0061】 FRC materials are generally formed by arranging fibers in a desired configuration and then impregnating the fiber material with a sufficient amount of polymer material to provide sufficient rigidity. Thus, FT materials may have a resin content of more than about 45 vol% or more preferably more than about 55 vol%, while FRC materials may preferably have a resin content of less than about 45 vol% or more preferably less than about 35 vol%. In some embodiments, the resin content of FRC can be between 24 vol% and 45 vol%. 【0062】 FRC materials traditionally use a two-component thermosetting epoxy as the polymer matrix, but thermoplastic polymers can also be used as the matrix. In many cases, FRC materials are pre-prepared before final manufacturing, and such intermediate materials are often called prepregs. When using thermosetting polymers, the prepreg partially hardens in an intermediate form, and final hardening occurs when the prepreg is formed into the final shape. When using thermoplastic polymers, the prepreg may contain a cooled thermoplastic matrix. The thermoplastic matrix can then be heated and molded into the final shape. 【0063】 The second component 122 of the FRC may comprise multiple layers (also called multiple thin layers). Each layer may include and / or have the same thickness as the prepreg. Each of the multiple layers may comprise either a unidirectional fiber cloth (UD) or a multidirectional fiber cloth (sometimes called a woven cloth). In some embodiments, the multiple layers may comprise at least three UD layers. The second and third layers may be angled with respect to a base layer. If the base layer is oriented at 0 degrees, the second and third layers may be oriented at ±45 degrees from the base layer. In some embodiments, the layers may be oriented at 0, +45, -45, +90, -90 in any suitable order. In some embodiments, the multiple layers may comprise at least one multidirectional woven cloth layer, the at least one multidirectional woven cloth layer typically positioned on top to improve the appearance of the second component 122 of the FRC. 【0064】 Second component material - mixed material The second component 122 may have a mixed material structure including both a fiber-reinforced composite elastic layer and a molded thermoplastic structural layer. In some preferred embodiments, the molded thermoplastic structural layer may be formed from a filler-filled thermoplastic (FT) material. As described above, the FT may include discontinuous glass, carbon, or aramid polymer fiber fillers embedded throughout the thermoplastic material. The thermoplastic resin may be a TPU such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or polyamide such as PA6 or PA66. The fiber-reinforced composite elastic layer may include a woven glass, carbon fiber, or aramid polymer fiber reinforcement layer embedded in the polymer resin (or matrix). The polymer resin of the elastic layer may be thermoplastic or thermosetting. 【0065】 In some embodiments, the polymer resin of the fiber-reinforced composite elastic layer is the same thermoplastic material as the resin of the molded thermoplastic structural layer. In other words, the fiber-reinforced elastic layer and the molded structural layer may contain a common thermoplastic resin. Forming the elastic and structural layers with a common thermoplastic resin allows for strong chemical bonding between the layers. In these embodiments, the elastic and structural layers can be joined without the use of an intermediate adhesive. In one particular embodiment, the elastic layer of the second component 122 may include woven carbon fiber fabric embedded in polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and the structural layer of the second component (122) may include a filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polymer. In alternative embodiments, the second component 122 may be formed by extrusion molding, injection blow molding, 3-D printing, or other suitable forming means. 【0066】 Tuning elements The multi-material club head 100 described above may further include a tuning element 130. The multi-material club head incorporates considerations for various sounds or acoustic responses compared to the acoustic response of an all-metal club head. The tuning element 130 can be positioned on a lightweight non-metallic second component 122 to give the multi-material club head 100 a desired acoustic response and a desired "softer" feel. 【0067】 As described later and with reference to Figures 4A to 9, the tuning element 130 improves the sound and feel characteristics of the club head 100 by suppressing dominant vibrations. In some embodiments, the club head 100 reduces the dominant vibration amplitude between 1 and 7 decibels compared to a similar multi-material club head without the tuning element. The club head 100 includes superior sound control and minimizes its impact on the position and moment of inertia of the club head's center of gravity 1000. 【0068】 The tuning element 130 is positioned at a target location to control vibration and sound. The tuning element 130 suppresses the dominant vibration amplitude of impact that would cause undesirable sound or feel in the club head 100. The tuning element 130 can be positioned on a portion of the club head 100 that is subjected to the dominant vibration, thereby suppressing such undesirable vibration. The tuning element 130 helps to locally suppress the vibration amplitude. Otherwise, this vibration amplitude would occur if the tuning element 130 were not provided at the target location. In many embodiments, the tuning element 130 targets high-amplitude vibrations at frequencies above 5000 Hz. The club head 100 may have a maximum amplitude of up to 70 decibels at a given frequency, and including the tuning element 130 can reduce the amplitude by 1 to 7 decibels. By specifically targeting the location where the most significant vibration occurs due to impact (i.e., the vibration "hot spot" 140 of the club head 100) and placing the tuning element 130 at the hot spot 140, the tuning element 130 requires a relatively low mass to produce the same vibration damping effect as a higher-mass tuning element located further away from the hot spot 140. Therefore, the sound and feel of the club head 100 can be improved solely by using a lightweight tuning element 130 that does not adversely affect the mass characteristics of the club head 100. 【0069】 In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 4B, the tuning element 130 is positioned on the second impact 122. More specifically, the tuning element 130 can be positioned on a portion 150 of the second impact 122 that forms the majority of the crown 108 of the club head 100, opposite the toe portion 152a or the heel portion 152b of the second impact 122. In many embodiments, the tuning element 130 can be located on the inner surface 127 of the crown 108. In many embodiments, the tuning element 130 is positioned on the rear heel portion of the crown 108. In many other embodiments, the tuning element 130 is positioned on the rear toe portion of the crown 108. The position of the tuning element on the crown 108 can correspond to the position of the vibration hotspot 140. 【0070】 The tuning element 130 can be easily connected to the inner surface 127 of the second impact 122. As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the multi-component nature of the club head 100 allows for the easy attachment of the tuning element 130 to the inner surface of the second impact 122. This is because the tuning element 130 can be attached to the second component 122 before the internal cavity 128 is sealed. As described above, in the case of a multi-component club head structure, the second component 122 is fixed to the first component 120 via adhesive or mechanical means without the use of a heat source. The tuning element 130 can be attached before the second component 122 is fixed to the first component 120. This is because there is no heating process associated with fixing components 120, 122 that would impair the structural integrity of the tuning element 130. 【0071】 The tuning element 130 is a lightweight component that can be attached to a portion of the club head 100 (for example, the inner surface 127 of the second component 122) to suppress and dissipate dominant vibrations. In many embodiments, the tuning element 130 can be attached to the inner surface 127 of the second component 122 via the use of adhesives, epoxy, etc. The tuning element 130 may comprise multiple layers formed from various materials. The tuning element 130 may have a three-layer or two-layer structure. 【0072】 In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, the tuning element 130 comprises a three-layer structure. As shown in Figure 5, the tuning element comprises an adhesive layer 134, a reinforcing layer 138 opposite the adhesive layer 134, and a vibration damping layer 136 sandwiched between the adhesive layer 134 and the reinforcing layer 138. The adhesive layer 134 forms the bottom surface of the tuning element 130 and can function to bond the tuning element 130 to the inner surface 127 of the second component 122. In such a three-layer embodiment, the vibration damping layer 136 may include a viscoelastic polymer configured to dissipate vibrations by converting kinetic energy into heat. The vibration damping layer may include any viscoelastic polymer or material such as elastomer, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or other suitable material with viscoelastic properties. 【0073】 In many embodiments, the reinforcing layer 138 comprises a thin layer of a material containing high tensile strength to provide rigidity to the tuning element 130 without adding a significant amount of mass to the tuning element 130. In many embodiments, the reinforcing layer 138 can be formed from a polymer material, a composite material, or a glass cloth. In some embodiments, the reinforcing layer 138 may include a fiber-reinforced composite material such as woven glass, carbon fibers, or an aramid polymer fiber-reinforced layer embedded in a polymer resin. In alternative embodiments, the reinforcing layer 138 may include a lightweight metallic material such as aluminum, aluminum foil, aluminum alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, or magnesium alloy. 【0074】 As described above, the reinforcing layer 138 contains high tensile strength to provide rigidity to the tuning element 130. In many embodiments, the tensile strength of the reinforcing layer 138 can be greater than about 60 MPa, greater than about 110 MPa, greater than about 180, greater than about 220 MPa, greater than about 260 MPa, greater than about 280 MPa, or greater than about 290 MPa. In some embodiments, a suitable composite material may have a yield point tensile strength ranging from about 60 MPa to about 350 MPa. 【0075】 The club head 100 bends and vibrates upon impact with the golf ball. Similarly, the reinforcing layer 138 also bends and vibrates upon impact. The bending and vibration of the second component 122 and the reinforcing layer 138 impart a shear force to the damping layer 136 confined between the inner surface 127 of the second component 122 and the reinforcing layer 138. The shear force generated by the vibration stretches the viscoelastic material within the damping layer 136. The viscoelasticity of the damping layer 136 converts the kinetic energy of the vibration into thermal energy. In this way, the tuning element 130 dissipates the vibration energy generated at the hot spot 140. 【0076】 In other embodiments (not shown), the tuning element 130 comprises a two-layer structure. The two-layer structure of the tuning element 130 in some embodiments can be similar to the three-layer structure of other embodiments, except that the two-layer structure may lack a reinforcing layer 138. In many embodiments, the two-layer structure of the tuning element 130 can simply comprise an adhesive layer 134 and a vibration damping layer 136. In such embodiments, the vibration damping layer 136 is exposed to the internal cavity 128 of the club head 100 and is not confined by a reinforcing layer 138. In such embodiments, the vibration damping layer 136 may or may not be a viscoelastic polymer, as described above. In addition to the polymers listed above, the vibration damping layer 136 of the two-layer structure can alternatively be formed from other materials having vibration damping properties, such as foam, acrylic foam, felt, or polymer-based glue. 【0077】 In an alternative embodiment, the tuning element 130 can be any lightweight material that can be attached to the club head 100 for damping. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can be a polymer-based tape such as Very High Bond (VHB) tape, or other high-bonding tape that can be joined to the non-metallic second component 122. In other embodiments, the tuning element 130 can be a polymer-based glue. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can include a polymer or polymer glue encapsulated within a protective layer such as a plastic layer that is joined to the second component 122 by an adhesive. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can comprise one or more tape layers, one or more adhesive layers, one or more epoxy layers, one or more foam layers, one or more viscoelastic layers, one or more felt layers, one or more composite material layers, one or more polymer layers, one or more glue layers, one or more glass fiber layers, or a combination thereof. 【0078】 The tuning element 130 can be a lightweight element having a low density that provides a small amount of mass compared to the overall mass of the club head 100. In this way, the addition of the tuning element 130 to the club head 100 does not significantly affect the overall mass of the club head, or the mass characteristics of the club head 100 including the moment of inertia (MOI) and the center of gravity (CG) position. 【0079】 The tuning element 130 has a low density in the range between 0.5 g / cm 3 ~ 2 g / cm 3 . In some embodiments, the density of the tuning element 130 is between 0.5 g / cm 3 ~ 1.0 g / cm 3 , between 0.75 g / cm 3 ~ 1.25 g / cm 3 , between 1.0 g / cm 3 ~ 1.5 g / cm 3 , between 1.25 g / cm 3 ~ 1.75 g / cm 3 or between 1.5 g / cm3 ~2.0g / cm 3 It can take a range between these values. In some embodiments, the density of the tuning element 130 is 0.5 g / cm³. 3 ~1.5g / cm 3 During this period, 0.6 g / cm³ 3 ~1.6g / cm 3 During this period, 0.7 g / cm³ 3 ~1.7g / cm 3 During this period, 0.8 g / cm³ 3 ~1.8g / cm 3 During this period, 0.9 g / cm³ 3 ~1.9g / cm 3 Between, or 1.0 g / cm³ 3 ~2.0g / cm 3 It can be taken within the range of [value]. In some embodiments, the density of the tuning element 130 is about 0.5 g / cm³. 3 , 0.6 g / cm³ 3 , 0.7 g / cm³ 3 , 0.8 g / cm³ 3 , 0.9 g / cm³ 3 1.0 g / cm³ 3 , 1.1 g / cm³ 3 , 1.2 g / cm³ 3 1.3 g / cm³ 3 1.4 g / cm³ 3 , or 1.5 g / cm³ 3 It can be done this way. 【0080】 The tuning element 130 has a mass between 0.5 grams and 10 grams. In many embodiments, the mass of the tuning element 130 can be between 0.5 grams and 8 grams, between 0.5 grams and 6 grams, or between 0.5 grams and 4 grams. In some embodiments, the mass of the tuning element 130 can be between 0.5 grams and 10 grams, between 0.5 grams and 8 grams, between 0.5 grams and 6 grams, between 0.5 grams and 4 grams, or between 0.5 grams and 2.0 grams. In some embodiments, the mass of the tuning element 130 can be between 2 grams and 10 grams, between 2 grams and 8 grams, between 2 grams and 6 grams, or between 2 grams and 5 grams. In many embodiments, the mass of the tuning element 130 can be about 0.5 grams, about 1 gram, about 1.5 grams, about 2 grams, about 2.5 grams, or about 3 grams. 【0081】 Despite its lightweight nature, the tuning element 130 provides a significant vibration damping effect to the golf club head 100. As will be explained in more detail below, the tuning element 130 can suppress vibration amplitudes occurring at frequencies above 5000 Hz by 1 to 7 decibels. The lightweight nature of the tuning element 130 makes it possible to produce a vibration damping effect without significantly altering the mass characteristics of the club head 100. 【0082】 Placement of tuning elements As described above, the tuning element 130 is suitably positioned at a target location on the club head body 100 to effectively suppress unwanted vibrations without requiring a large mass. The position of the tuning element 130 corresponds to the position of the vibration hotspot 140 of the club head 100. Referring to Figure 7 as described above, the hotspot 140 is defined herein as the location on the club head 100 that receives the maximum vibration amplitude at the natural frequency of the club head 100. The hotspot 140 is defined based on the vibration response of the club head 100. The tuning element 130 is aligned with the hotspot 140. The hotspot 140 is the region of the club head 100 that contains the most significant vibrations relative to the overall acoustic response of the club head 100 and is often a cause of unpleasant and / or piercing noises. By determining the location of the hotspot 140 and positioning the tuning element 130 at the hotspot 140, these significant vibrations can be suppressed, improving the overall acoustic response of the club head 100 (i.e., the sound of the club head 100 is reduced, quieter, and / or duller). In some embodiments, the location of the tuning element 130 can correspond to one or more quadrants in which the hotspot is located. In other embodiments, the location of the tuning element 130 can correspond to one or more vibration position features 185 disposed on the crown 108, as will be described in more detail below. 【0083】 The location of the hotspot 140 can be determined by performing a routine modal analysis on the clubhead 100. Through such an analysis, one or more natural frequencies of the clubhead 100 and the "shape" of each natural frequency (i.e., the vibration amplitude in various regions of the clubhead 100 at a given natural frequency) are determined. The location of the vibration hotspot 140 can be identified by determining the region of maximum vibration amplitude within the clubhead at a given natural frequency. 【0084】 In many embodiments, the club head 100 has a natural frequency in the range of 5000Hz to 6500Hz. In some embodiments, the club head 100 may have a natural frequency between 3000Hz to 4000Hz, between 3500Hz to 4500Hz, between 4000Hz to 5000Hz, between 4500Hz to 5500Hz, between 5000Hz to 6000Hz, between 5500Hz to 6500Hz, or between 6000Hz to 7000Hz. In some embodiments, the club head 100 may have natural frequencies in the range of 3000Hz to 3500Hz, 3500Hz to 4000Hz, 4000Hz to 4500Hz, 4500Hz to 5000Hz, 5000Hz to 5500Hz, 5500Hz to 6000Hz, 6000Hz to 6500Hz, or 3000Hz to 4000Hz. 【0085】 Figure 7 shows the vibration amplitudes at various positions on the club head at a given natural frequency, as determined through modal analysis. Darker shaded areas in the figure correspond to areas with larger vibration amplitudes. As shown in Figure 7, the hotspot 140 occurs in the rear-heel quadrant 176 of the club head 100. The tuning element 130 can be positioned to suppress the dominant vibration occurring in and around the hotspot 140 (i.e., reduce the dominant vibration amplitude). By directly positioning the tuning element 130 at the hotspot 140, it provides more effective damping against the dominant vibration occurring at the hotspot 140 than a tuning element placed at other positions. Precisely positioning the tuning element 130 at the hotspot 140 allows it to provide a significant damping effect without requiring a significant amount of mass. 【0086】 The high vibration amplitudes that occur at the above frequencies (for example, frequencies between 5000Hz and 6500Hz) cause undesirable acoustic responses within the golf club head 100 at impact. In many embodiments, before applying the tuning element 130, the maximum vibration amplitude at a given frequency may be above approximately 66 decibels, 67 decibels, 68 decibels, 69 decibels, 70 decibels, 71 decibels, or 72 decibels. 【0087】 The tuning element 130 provides a significant vibration damping effect that reduces the dominant vibrations occurring at the hot spot 140. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can reduce the maximum amplitude at the natural frequency by 1 to 7 decibels. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can reduce the maximum amplitude at the natural frequency by 1 to 3 decibels, 2 to 4 decibels, 3 to 5 decibels, 4 to 6 decibels, or 5 to 7 decibels. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can reduce the maximum amplitude at the natural frequency by more than 1 decibel, more than 2 decibels, more than 3 decibels, more than 4 decibels, more than 5 decibels, more than 6 decibels, or more than 7 decibels. 【0088】 Since the decibel scale is a logarithmic representation of amplitude, even a decrease of 1 or 2 decibels correlates to a significant decrease in vibrational energy. As an example of a logarithmic representation of amplitude, Table 1 below relates the linear magnitude of vibrational energy experienced by the golf club 100 to decibel values ​​associated with a typical peak amplitude experienced by the golf club head 100. [Table 1] 【0089】 As can be seen from Table 1, a 1-decibel decrease in amplitude (e.g., a decrease between 70 and 69 decibels) results in a 10.9% decrease in vibrational energy. Similarly, a 6-decibel decrease in amplitude (i.e., a decrease between 70 and 64 decibels) results in a 50% decrease in vibrational energy. Likewise, a 10-decibel decrease in amplitude (e.g., a decrease from 70 to 60 decibels) corresponds to a 68% decrease in vibrational energy. Such a significant decrease in vibrational energy at a given natural frequency (i.e., a natural frequency above 5000 Hz) results in a significant improvement in the acoustic response of the club head 100. 【0090】 In some embodiments, the club head 100 may include multiple hotspots 140 at various locations, having the same or different natural frequencies. In such embodiments, the club head may include a first tuning element 130 corresponding to the location of a first hotspot 140 and a second tuning element (not shown) corresponding to the location of a second hotspot 140. As shown in Figure 7, the club head 100 includes a first hotspot 140 located in the rear-heel quadrant 176 and a second hotspot 140 located in the rear-toe quadrant 172. 【0091】 As shown in Figure 6, the position of the tuning element 130 can be characterized in relation to the quadrant system of the club head 100. In many embodiments, the tuning element is located in the rear-heel quadrant. In other embodiments, the tuning element 130 can be located in the front-toe quadrant 170, the rear-toe quadrant 172, the front-heel quadrant 174, the rear-heel quadrant 176, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can be located in only a single quadrant, such as only in the front-toe quadrant 170, only in the rear-toe quadrant 172, only in the front-heel quadrant 174, or only in the rear-heel quadrant 176. In some embodiments, the tuning element 130 can be located at least partially in the front-toe quadrant 170, at least partially in the rear-toe quadrant 172, at least partially in the front-heel quadrant 174, and / or at least partially in the rear-heel quadrant 176. In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 6, a portion of the tuning element 130 may be located in the rear-heel quadrant 176, and a portion of the tuning element may be located in the front-heel quadrant 174. In many other embodiments, the tuning element may be partially located in the rear-toe quadrant 172, and partially located in the front-toe quadrant 170. 【0092】 The position of the tuning element 130 can be further characterized in relation to the center position of the tuning element. As shown in Figure 6, the tuning element 130 can have a tuning element center point 132 defined midway between the outer edges of the tuning element 130. The tuning element center point 132 is located at half the heel-toe distance between the highest heel point or edge of the tuning element 130 and the highest toe point or edge of the tuning element 130. Similarly, the tuning element center point 132 is located at half the front-back distance between the highest fore-end point or edge of the tuning element 130 and the lowest point or edge of the tuning element 130. The tuning element 130 can be rectangular, circular, elliptical, or any other shape or geometric shape. Regardless of the shape of the tuning element 130, the center point 132 is defined as the midpoint between the highest heel range and the highest toe range of the tuning element 130, and the midpoint between the highest fore-end range and the lowest range. 【0093】 Furthermore, the position of the tuning element 130 can be described in relation to the quadrant in which the tuning element center point 132 is located. In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 6, the tuning element center point 132 is located in the rear-heel quadrant 176. In other embodiments, the tuning element center point 132 may be located in the front-toe quadrant 170, the rear-toe quadrant 172, or the front-heel quadrant 174. 【0094】 The position of the tuning element 130 can be further described in relation to a front-to-rear or offset distance D1 between the front end reference plane 500 and the tuning element center point 132. The offset distance D1 is the vertical distance measured from the front end reference plane 500 to the tuning element center point 132 in the direction of the z-axis 1070. In some embodiments, the offset distance D1 between the front end reference plane 500 and the tuning element center point 132 can be between approximately 1.5 inches and 2.5 inches. In some embodiments, the offset distance D1 between the front end reference plane 500 and the tuning element center point 132 can be between approximately 1.5 inches and 2.0 inches, between 1.75 inches and 2.25 inches, or between 2.0 inches and 2.5 inches. In some embodiments, the offset distance D1 between the front end reference plane 500 and the tuning element center point 132 can be between 1.5 inches and 1.7 inches, between 1.6 inches and 1.8 inches, between 1.7 inches and 1.9 inches, between 1.8 inches and 2.0 inches, between 1.9 inches and 2.1 inches, between 2.0 inches and 2.2 inches, between 2.1 inches and 2.3 inches, between 2.2 inches and 2.4 inches, or between 2.3 inches and 2.5 inches. In some embodiments, the offset distance D1 between the front end reference plane 500 and the tuning element center point 132 can be about 1.7 inches, about 1.8 inches, about 1.9 inches, about 2.0 inches, about 2.1 inches, about 2.2 inches, or about 2.3 inches. 【0095】 In some embodiments, the club head may further include one or more physical features that influence the location of the club head vibration hotspot 140. Figures 8A and 8B show one embodiment of a multi-component club head 100 having multiple positional features 185 on the crown 108. Each of the positional features 185 may form a recessed region 186 on the outer surface of the crown 108. Each positional feature 185 may have an edge 188 that separates the recessed region 186 from an adjacent non-recessed region of the crown 108. The positional features 185 influence the location of the hotspot by introducing discontinuities to the surface of the crown 108, which would otherwise be smooth and uniform in shape. Such discontinuities are common regions where vibration hotspots 140 occur. This is because the discontinuities introduce slightly weakened regions within the crown 108 that tend to vibrate more than other regions. As shown in Figure 8B, the hotspot 140 of the multi-material club head 100 occurs in close proximity to the positional features 185. Including a positional feature section 185 within the crown 108 of the club head 100 reduces vibrations in the position of the hotspot 140 between clubs. Therefore, the hotspot is more repeatedly and accurately located during manufacturing by including the positional feature section 185. The ability to accurately and repeatedly locate the hotspot results in a more precise and effective placement of the tuning element 130. 【0096】 In addition to providing control over the position of the hotspot 140, the position feature 185 also serves a dual role as a natural alignment feature on the inner surface 127 of the crown 108, enabling accurate and repeatable placement of the tuning element 130 during manufacturing. As shown in Figure 9, the edge 188 of the position feature 185 extends from the inner surface 127 of the second component 122 into the internal cavity 128, and the recessed area 186 on the outer surface of the club head 100 can form a projection 180 from the inner surface 127 into the internal cavity 128. The projection 180 acts as an alignment feature that visually indicates the desired position of the tuning element 130. The projection 180 can form a surface to which the tuning element 130 adheres, and the edge 188 can align the orientation of the placement of the tuning element. 【0097】 As described above, the position feature portion 185 influences the positioning of the hotspot 140 at a specific location on the crown 108. The position feature portion 185 also forms a projection 180 on the inner surface 127 of the crown 108 that acts as an alignment feature portion, aligning to the same position as the hotspot 140. Since the projection 180 is associated with the position of the hotspot 140, the tuning element 130 can repeatedly and accurately align with the projection 180 to the precise position necessary to efficiently suppress vibrations occurring at the hotspot 140. 【0098】 Further sound benefits The inclusion of tuning element 130 can influence the amount of time the club head 100 vibrates after impact, in addition to suppressing the dominant vibration amplitude. Tuning element 130 can reduce the total duration of the vibration response and the duration of high-amplitude vibrations. The total duration of the vibration response can be separated into a "maintenance" phase and a "release" phase. The maintenance phase refers to the time interval that begins at impact and ends when the response falls below 20% of the maximum amplitude value. The maintenance phase characterizes the amount of time when dominant vibrations occur. If the vibration response includes a relatively long maintenance phase, the sound at impact is perceived as more jarring. In contrast, reducing the duration of the maintenance phase weakens the perceived sound at impact, even if the maximum amplitude remains the same. The release phase refers to the time interval that begins when the vibration response falls below 20% of the maximum amplitude (i.e., at the end of the maintenance phase) and ends when the club head 100 stops vibrating. The release phase characterizes the amount of time when vibrations are not occurring to a significant degree. Extending the release phase can give the clubhead 100 a "resonant" feel. As illustrated by various examples below, including the tuning element 130 reduces both the duration of the sustained phase and the release phase of the clubhead 100's vibration response (and therefore the total duration), producing a more pleasing sound at impact. 【0099】 In many conventional clubheads without tuning elements, the total duration of the vibration response can range from approximately 36 milliseconds to approximately 40 milliseconds, the sustained duration can range from approximately 8 milliseconds to approximately 12 milliseconds, and the release duration can range from approximately 27 milliseconds to approximately 31 milliseconds. In many embodiments, including the tuning element 130 can reduce the total duration of the vibration response by more than 1 millisecond, 2 milliseconds, 3 milliseconds, 4 milliseconds, 5 milliseconds, 6 milliseconds, 7 milliseconds, 8 milliseconds, 9 milliseconds, or 10 milliseconds. Reducing the duration of the vibration response weakens the acoustic response and reduces post-impact resonance. 【0100】 Characteristics of center of gravity and moment of inertia Precise placement of the tuning element 130 relative to the vibration hotspot 140 of the club head 100 results in significant vibration damping and acoustic improvement, while also allowing the tuning element 130 to contain a small amount of mass. The lightness of the tuning element 130 allows it to be placed on a specific position on the crown 108 without adversely affecting the characteristics of the club head 100, such as the moment of inertia characteristics or the position of the center of gravity 1000. 【0101】 Considerations involved in the placement of the tuning element 130 (i.e., the placement of the crown) often add mass to the crown 108, which can negatively affect the characteristics of the center of gravity (CG) and moment of inertia (MOI). However, a club head 100 with a lightweight tuning element 130 can further include a beneficial center of gravity 1000 position and increased moment of inertia characteristics. A multi-component club head 100 with a lightweight tuning element 130 can further include a low rear center of gravity 1000 position. A multi-component club head 100 with a lightweight tuning element 130 can further include high moments of inertia Ixx and Iyy. A multi-component club head 100 with a lightweight tuning element 130, a low rear center of gravity 1000 position, and high moments of inertia provides the club head 100 with superior sound control, feel, and playability. 【0102】 To achieve a favorable center of gravity position 1000 and a high moment of inertia, the club head 100 may further include structures that affect the mass characteristics of the club head, such as a removable weight 119, a thinned crown 108 formed from a non-metallic material, and / or a lightweight crown 108. These structures allow for adjustment of the mass characteristics to achieve a low rear CG position and a high moment of inertia. These structures allow for weight adjustment or weight saving, which can be combined with a crown tuning element 130 that provides sound control. The crown tuning element 130 does not adversely affect the center of gravity position 1000 and the moment of inertia characteristics. The crown tuning element 130 minimizes its effect on the position of the center of gravity position 1000 (i.e., minimizes the movement of the CG forward toward the front end 104 and upward toward the crown 108) and minimizes its effect on the moment of inertia (i.e., the difference in MOI percentage between the club head 100 with the tuning element 130 and the club head without the tuning element is minimal). The crown tuning element 130 has minimal impact on the center of gravity 1000 and moment of inertia characteristics, while providing a significant improvement in sound control compared to a similar club head without the tuning element 130. 【0103】 As described above, referring to Figures 2 and 3, the center of gravity 1000 is located in a coordinate system defined at the center of the face 116 having x-axis 1050, y-axis 1060, and z-axis 1070. The x-axis 1050 extends in the positive direction toward the heel end. The y-axis 1060 extends in the positive direction toward the crown. The z-axis 1070 extends in the positive direction toward the rear end 106. The club head 100 preferably includes a "downward rearward" or "low rearward" CG position (i.e., the CG is positioned toward the sole and rear of the club head). Such a downward rearward CG position results in improved launch characteristics and a higher-performance club head. Including a crown tuning element 130 minimizes the effect on the position of the center of gravity 1000 compared to a similar club head without the tuning element 130. Desirable center of gravity 1000 positions that result in a low rearward CG position are described below. 【0104】 A club head 100 equipped with a tuning element 130 may include the CGx axis position 1050, the CGy axis position 1060, and the CGz axis position 1070 (hereinafter referred to as "CG positions"), which are displaced compared to a similar club head without the crown tuning element 130. For example, in many embodiments, the CG positions of a club head 100 with the crown tuning element 130 can be between 0.5% and 5% of the CG positions of a similar club head without the crown tuning element 130. In other embodiments, the CG positions of a club head 100 with the crown tuning element 130 can be between 0.5% and 2.5%, or between 2.5% and 5%, of a similar club head without the crown tuning element 130. For example, the CG positions of a club head 100 with the crown tuning element 130 can be 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% of the CG positions of a similar club head without the crown tuning element 130. 【0105】 Regarding the driver, the CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located in the range of -2mm to 6mm. In other embodiments, the CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located in the range of -2mm to 2mm, or 2mm to 6mm. For example, the CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located at -2, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, or 6mm. 【0106】 For fairway woods, CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located in the range of -7mm to 1mm. In other embodiments, CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located in the range of -7mm to -3mm, or -3mm to 1mm. For example, CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located at -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 0.5, or 1mm. 【0107】 In the hybrid configuration, CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located in the range of -5mm to 2mm. In other embodiments, CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located in the range of -5mm to -1mm, or -1mm to 2mm. In other embodiments, CG1000 also has CGx-axis 1050 positions located in the range of -4mm to 0mm, -3mm to 1mm, or -2mm to 2mm. For example, CG1000 has CGx-axis 1050 positions located at -5, -4, -3, -2.5, -2, -1.5, -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2mm. 【0108】 Regarding the driver, CG1000 has a CGy axis 1060 position located in the range of -4mm to -10mm. In other embodiments, CG1000 has a CGy axis 1060 position located in the range of -4 to -7mm, or -7mm to -10mm. For example, CG1000 has a CGy axis 1060 position located at -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, or -10mm. 【0109】 For fairway woods, CG1000 has CGy axis 1060 positions located in the range of -3mm to -12mm. In other embodiments, CG1000 has CGy axis 1060 positions located in the range of -3mm to -7mm, or -7mm to -12mm. For example, CG1000 has CGy axis 1060 positions located at -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, or -12mm. 【0110】 In the hybrid configuration, CG1000 has CGy-axis 1060 positions located in the range of -3mm to -12mm. In other embodiments, CG1000 has CGy-axis 1060 positions located in the range of -3mm to -8mm, or -8mm to -12mm. In other embodiments, CG1000 also has CGy-axis 1060 positions located in the range of -4mm to -8mm, -5mm to -9mm, -6mm to -10mm, -7mm to -11mm, or -8mm to -12mm. For example, CG1000 has CGy-axis 1060 positions located at -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, or -12mm. 【0111】 Regarding the driver, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located beyond 38mm, 40mm, 42mm, 45mm, or 48mm. In other embodiments, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located in the range between 38mm and 55mm. In other embodiments, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located in the range between 38mm and 45mm, or between 45mm and 55mm. For example, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located at 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, or 55mm. 【0112】 For fairway woods, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located beyond 25mm, beyond 28mm, or beyond 30mm. In other embodiments, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located in the range between 25mm and 40mm. In other embodiments, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located in the range between 25mm and 32mm, or between 32mm and 40mm. For example, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located at 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, or 40mm. 【0113】 In the hybrid configuration, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located beyond 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 22mm, or 24mm. In other embodiments, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located in the range between 15mm and 30mm. In other embodiments, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located in the range between 15mm and 25mm, or between 25mm and 30mm. In yet another embodiment, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located in the range between 16mm and 26mm, 17mm and 27mm, 18mm and 28mm, 19mm and 29mm, or between 20mm and 30mm. In yet another embodiment, the CG1000 has CGz-axis 1070 positions located at 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 30mm. 【0114】 As described above, referring to Figures 2 and 3, the center of gravity (CG) 1000 defines the origin of a coordinate system having CGx-axis 2050, CGy-axis 2060, and CGz-axis 2070. CGx-axis 2050 is parallel to the x-axis 1050, CGy-axis 2060 is parallel to the y-axis 1060, and CGz-axis 2070 is parallel to the z-axis 1070. Furthermore, the club head 100 includes a moment of inertia Ixx (i.e., crown-sole moment of inertia) about CGx-axis 1050 and a moment of inertia Iyy (i.e., heel-sole moment of inertia) about CGy-axis 1060. 【0115】 The moment of inertia of the clubhead 100 is desirable to increase or maximize, as a larger MOI increases the clubhead's tolerance for impact deviations from the center 116 of the strike face 102. MOI is a characteristic of the periphery mass distribution of the clubhead 100. Generally, the discretionary mass of the clubhead 100 is preferably distributed throughout the clubhead 100 to maximize the moment of inertia (Ixx) around the CGx axis 2050 and the moment of inertia (Iyy) around the CGy axis 2060. The crown tuning element 130 minimizes its effect on the moment of inertia compared to a similar clubhead without the tuning element 130. The following describes desirable moment of inertia values ​​that result in high tolerance. 【0116】 A club head 100 equipped with a tuning element 130 may have different moments of inertia Ixx and Iyy (hereinafter, "moment of inertia") compared to a similar club head without a crown tuning element 130. For example, in many embodiments, the moment of inertia of a club head 100 with a crown tuning element 130 can be between 0.5% and 5% compared to a similar club head without a crown tuning element 130. In other embodiments, the moment of inertia of a club head 100 with a crown tuning element 130 may be between 0.5% and 2.5%, or between 2.5% and 5%, compared to a similar club head without a crown tuning element 130. For example, the moment of inertia of a club head 100 with a crown tuning element 130 may be 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% compared to a similar club head without a crown tuning element 130. 【0117】 In many embodiments of the driver, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is approximately 3000 g-cm². 2 It exceeds approximately 3250g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 3500g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 3750g-cm 2It exceeds approximately 4000g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 4250g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 4500g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 4750g-cm 2 , or approximately 5000g-cm 2 It can exceed that. 【0118】 In other embodiments of the driver, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is 3000-5000 g-cm². 2 It can take a range between these two values. In other embodiments, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is 3000-4000 g-cm 2 , or 4000-5000g-cm 2 It can take a range between the following. For example, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx can be 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4100, 4200, 4300, 4400, 4500, 4600, 4700, 4800, 4900, or 5000 g-cm 2 It can be. 【0119】 In many embodiments of fairway woods, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is approximately 1200 g-cm². 2 It exceeds approximately 1300g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 1400g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 1500g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 1600g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 1700g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 1800g-cm 2 If it exceeds or is approximately 1900g-cm 2 It can exceed that. 【0120】 In other embodiments of fairway woods, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is 1200-2200 g-cm². 2 It can take a range between these two values. In other embodiments, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is 1200-1700 g-cm 2, or 1700~2200g-cm 2 It can take a range between the following. For example, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx can be 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 20040, 2100, or 2200 g-cm 2 It can be. 【0121】 In many embodiments of the hybrid, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is approximately 880 g-cm². 2 It exceeds approximately 890g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 900g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 910g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 920g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 930g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 940g-cm 2 It exceeds approximately 950g-cm 2 If it exceeds or is approximately 960g-cm 2 It can exceed that. 【0122】 In other embodiments of the hybrid, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is 880 to 1500 g-cm². 2 It can take a range between these two values. In other embodiments, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is 880-1200 g-cm². 2 , or 1200~1500g-cm 2 It can take a range between these two values. In other embodiments, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx is also 900-1300 g-cm 2 , 1000~1400g-cm 2 , or 1100~1500g-cm 2 It can take a range between the following. For example, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx can be 880, 900, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 990, 1000, 1020, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, or 1500 g-cm 2 It can be. 【0123】 For the driver, in many embodiments, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy exceeds about 4500 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 4800 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 5000 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 5100 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 5250 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 5500 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 5750 g-cm 2 and exceeds, or exceeds about 6000 g-cm 2 can be exceeded. 【0124】 For the driver, in many embodiments, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy can range between 4500 and 6000 g-cm 2 In other embodiments, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy can range between 4500 and 5200 g-cm 2 or between 5200 and 6000 g-cm 2 For example, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy can be 4500, 4600, 4700, 4800, 4900, 5000, 5100, 5200, 5300, 5400, 5500, 5600, 5700, 5800, 5900, or 6000 g-cm 2 can be. 【0125】 For the fairway wood, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy exceeds about 2700 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 2800 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 2900 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 3000 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 3100 g-cm 2 and exceeds about 3200 g-cm 2 and exceeds, or exceeds about 3300 g-cm 2 can be exceeded. 【0126】 For the fairway wood, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy is between 2700 and 3500 g-cm 2can take a range between. In other embodiments, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy is 2700 - 3100 g-cm 2 , or can take a range between 3100 - 3500 g-cm 2 . In other embodiments, also, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy is 2700 - 3200 g-cm 2 , or can take a range between 3200 - 3500 g-cm 2 . For example, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy can be 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, or 3500 g-cm 2 . 【0127】 For hybrids, in many embodiments, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy exceeds about 2400 g-cm 2 , exceeds about 2500 g-cm 2 , exceeds about 2600 g-cm 2 , exceeds about 2700 g-cm 2 , exceeds about 2800 g-cm 2 , exceeds about 2900 g-cm 2 , or can exceed about 3000 g-cm 2 . 【0128】 For hybrids, in other embodiments, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy can take a range between 2400 to 3200 g-cm 2 . In other embodiments, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy is 2400 - 2700 g-cm 2 , or can take a range between 2700 - 3200 g-cm 2 . In other embodiments, also, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy is 2400 - 2900, 2500 - 3000, 2600 - 3100, or 2700 - 3200 g-cm 2 . For example, the heel-to-toe moment of inertia Iyy can be 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2750, 2800, 2850, 2900, 2950, 3000, 3100, or 3200 g-cm 2It can be. 【0129】 For the driver, the combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy) is 8000 g-cm². 2 Exceeding 8500g-cm 2 Exceeding 9000g-cm³ 2 Exceeding 9500g-cm 2 Exceeding 10,000 g-cm³ 2 Exceeding 11,000 g-cm³ 2 If it exceeds 12,000 g-cm³ 2 It can exceed that. 【0130】 For fairway woods, the combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy) is 4000 g-cm². 2 It exceeds 4100g-cm 2 Exceeding 4200g-cm 2 It exceeds 4300g-cm 2 Exceeding 4400g-cm 2 Exceeding 4500g-cm 2 It exceeds 4600g-cm 2 It exceeds 4700g-cm 2 If it exceeds 4800g-cm³ 2 It can exceed that. 【0131】 For the hybrid, the combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy) is 3500 g-cm². 2 Exceeding 3600g-cm 2 It exceeds 3700g-cm 2 It exceeds 3800g-cm 2 It exceeds 3900g-cm 2 Exceeding 4000g-cm 2 It exceeds 4100g-cm 2 If it exceeds 4200 g-cm³ 2 It can exceed that. 【0132】 example Example 1 In one example, the amplitude of the natural frequency at impact for a control multi-material fairway wood clubhead without tuning elements was measured and compared to several exemplary multi-material fairway wood clubheads, each having tuning elements on the inner surface of the crown. The control clubhead contained a hotspot at a natural frequency of 5860 Hz located near the heel of the crown within the rear-heel quadrant 176. The first exemplary multi-material clubhead had a 1-gram tuning element placed within the hotspot of the control club (i.e., the rear-heel quadrant). Similarly, the second exemplary multi-material clubhead had a 2-gram tuning element placed within the hotspot of the control club. The amplitude of the natural frequency at 5860 Hz was compared between the control clubhead and the first and second exemplary clubheads. [Table 2] 【0133】 As shown in Table 2, the first and second exemplary clubheads each exhibited a reduction in amplitude relative to the natural frequency of the control club. The first exemplary clubhead showed a 2-decibel reduction in amplitude, while the second exemplary clubhead showed a 6-decibel reduction. In other words, the first exemplary clubhead had a 20.5% reduction in vibrational energy at a natural frequency of 5860 Hz, while the second exemplary clubhead had a 50% reduction in vibrational energy at the same natural frequency. The dramatic reduction in vibrational energy from the control clubhead to the first and second exemplary clubs indicates that each of the first and second exemplary clubs exhibits a softer and weaker acoustic response than the control club. 【0134】 Furthermore, tests were conducted to compare the duration of the vibration response of a first exemplary club head and a second exemplary club head against a control club head. The total duration, duration of the sustain phase, and duration of the release phase for the vibration response of each club head were measured and compared. As explained above, the total duration refers to the amount of time from the impact between the club head and the ball until the club head stops vibrating. The duration of the sustain phase refers to the amount of time during which the vibration response is within 20% of the peak vibration amplitude. The duration of the release phase refers to the amount of time from the end of the sustain duration (i.e., from when the vibration falls below 20% of the peak amplitude) until the end of the total vibration response. Generally, vibration responses with longer durations are perceived as more jarring than vibration responses with shorter durations. Longer sustain phases contribute to responses that linger for a longer period, while longer release phases contribute to a prolonged "ringing" sensation. Table 3 below shows the duration of sustained vibration, the duration of release, and the total duration (sum of sustained and release durations) for the time response of vibration in each club head. [Table 3] 【0135】 As shown in Table 3, the club head with a 1-gram tuning element received a slightly shorter total vibration response (0.29 milliseconds shorter) than the control club, while the club head with a 2-gram tuning element received a total vibration response that was 6.74 milliseconds shorter (18.2% shorter) than the control club. 【0136】 Referring to the hold phase, which is the most significant factor in the overall perception of sound for each clubhead, both exemplary clubheads showed significant improvement over the control club. The hold phase for the clubhead with a 1-gram tuning element was 1.73 milliseconds shorter (18.1% shorter) than that of the control clubhead, and the hold phase for the clubhead with a 2-gram tuning element was 6.62 milliseconds shorter (69.1% shorter) than that of the control clubhead. 【0137】 By incorporating tuning elements, not only is the dominant vibration amplitude of the clubhead reduced, but the duration of the dominant vibration is also significantly shortened. The combination of reduced vibration and a shorter duration of dominant vibration results in a clubhead with a softer and more comfortable acoustic response at impact. 【0138】 Example 2 In the second example, the amplitude of the natural frequency at impact was measured for a control multi-material fairway wood clubhead without a tuning element and compared to a third exemplary multi-material fairway wood clubhead with a tuning element on the inner surface of the crown. The control clubhead contained a hotspot at a natural frequency of 6147 Hz located near the toe of the crown within the rear-toe quadrant. The third exemplary multi-material clubhead had a 2-gram tuning element placed within the hotspot of the control club (i.e., the rear-toe quadrant). The amplitude of the natural frequency at 6147 Hz was compared between the control clubhead and the third exemplary clubhead. 【0139】 The amplitude at 6147 Hz in the control club's hotspot was 67 decibels, while the amplitude at the third exemplary clubhead's natural frequency of 6147 Hz was only 62.5 decibels. The 4.5 decibel reduction between the control club and the third exemplary clubhead is equivalent to a 40.5% reduction in vibrational energy at the dominant natural frequency of 6147 Hz. The dramatic decrease in vibrational energy from the control clubhead to the third exemplary clubhead indicates that the third exemplary clubhead contains a softer, weaker, and more pleasing acoustic response than the control clubhead. 【0140】 Furthermore, a test was conducted to compare the duration of the vibration response of a third exemplary club head with that of a control club head. The total duration, the duration of the "maintenance" phase, and the duration of the "release" phase for the vibration response of each club head were measured and compared. Table 4 below shows the duration of maintenance, the duration of release, and the total duration (sum of maintenance and release durations) for the time response of each club head vibration. [Table 4] 【0141】 As shown in Table 4, a third exemplary clubhead with a 2-gram tuning element in the posterior-toe quadrant received a total vibration response 10.04 milliseconds shorter (27% shorter) than the control club. Referring to the hold phase, which is the most significant contributor to the overall perception of sound in the clubhead, the third exemplary clubhead showed a significant improvement over the control club. The hold phase of the clubhead with the 2-gram tuning element was 6.96 milliseconds shorter than that of the control clubhead. 【0142】 By incorporating tuning elements, not only is the dominant vibration amplitude of the clubhead reduced, but the duration of the dominant vibration is also significantly shortened. The combination of reduced vibration and a shorter duration of dominant vibration results in a clubhead with a softer and more comfortable acoustic response at impact. 【0143】 Example 3 The mass properties of the controlled fairway wood type club head were compared with the first exemplary fairway wood type golf club head and the second exemplary fairway wood type golf club head of Example 1. In detail, the center of gravity (CG) position and moment of inertia (MOI) of each club were compared, and the influence of tuning elements was determined. Table 5 below shows the center of gravity position in the Y direction CGy, measured positively with respect to the ground plane, the center of gravity position in the Z direction, measured negatively from the leading edge, the moment of inertia around the CGx axis (Ixx), and the moment of inertia around the CGy axis (Iyy). [Table 5] 【0144】 Including a 1-gram tuning element resulted in a CG position that was only 0.12 mm higher in the Y direction than the control club (a mere 2.7% increase compared to the control club's CG height). Similarly, including a 2-gram tuning element resulted in a CG position that was only 0.25 mm higher than the control club (a mere 5.7% increase in CG height). 【0145】 Including a 1-gram tuning element resulted in a CG position just 0.13 mm forward of the control club relative to the Z direction (a mere 0.44% decrease compared to the control club's CG depth). Similarly, including a 2-gram tuning element resulted in a CG position just 0.25 mm forward of the control club (a mere 0.85% decrease in CG depth). Even with the tuning elements included, the exemplary clubhead still maintains a low rearward CG position. 【0146】 Regarding the moment of inertia of the club head around the CGx axis, including a 1-gram tuning element, it is only 14g*cm. 2 This resulted in a reduction in Ixx (a mere 0.89% decrease in Ixx compared to the control clubhead). Similarly, including the 2-gram tuning element, it is only 30g*cm lighter than the control club. 2 This resulted in a reduction in Ixx (a decrease of only 1.9% in Ixx). 【0147】 Regarding the moment of inertia of the club head around the CGy axis, including a 1-gram tuning element, it is only 16g*cm. 2 This resulted in a reduction of 1yy (a mere 0.54% reduction in 1yy compared to the control clubhead). Similarly, including the 2 gram tuning element, it is only 35g*cm lighter than the control club. 2This resulted in a reduction of 1yy (a mere 1.18% decrease in 1yy). Even with tuning elements included, the exemplary clubhead still maintains a high moment of inertia. 【0148】 As described above in Example 1, including 1-gram and 2-gram tuning elements dramatically improves the vibration response of the club head. Examples of the present invention demonstrate that such vibration improvements can be achieved with lightweight tuning elements that have little effect on the mass characteristics of the club head. Therefore, the vibration response of the club head can be controlled and improved without sacrificing high-performance mass characteristics. 【0149】 The replacement of one or more claim elements constitutes a reconstruction and not a prosthesis. Furthermore, advantages, other advantages and solutions to the problem have been described in relation to specific embodiments. However, advantages, other advantages and solutions to the problem, and any one or more elements that give rise to or make apparent any advantage, advantage or solution, do not constitute a material, essential, or essential feature or element of any or all elements of the claims unless such advantage, advantage, solution or element is expressly stated in such claims. 【0150】 Because the rules of golf are changed from time to time (for example, new rules may be applied, or old rules may be abolished or changed, by golf standards organizations and / or governing bodies such as the United States Golf Association (USGA) and the Royal and Advanced Golf Club of St. Louis (R&A)), golf equipment relating to the apparatus, methods and products described herein may or may not conform to the rules of golf at any particular time. Accordingly, golf equipment relating to the apparatus, methods and products described herein may be published, marketed, and / or sold as conforming or non-conforming golf equipment. The apparatus, methods and products described herein are not limited in this respect. 【0151】 Furthermore, the embodiments and limitations described herein are not made available to the public under the principle of public disclosure if (1) they are not expressly asserted in the claims, and (2) they are equivalent or potentially equivalent to the expressive elements and / or limitations in the claims under the doctrine of equivalents. 【0152】 (Clause 1) A golf club head comprising: a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel end, a toe end opposite the heel end, a front end with a leading edge, a rear end, and a skirt extending between the crown and the sole; a first component formed of metal comprising a strike face, a return portion extending rearward from the strike face, and a rear sole extension portion extending rearward from the return portion; and a second component formed of a non-metallic material, configured to be fixed to the first component so as to surround a hollow internal cavity, forming the majority of the crown, wrapping around the skirt, and forming the heel end, the toe end, and at least a portion of the sole; wherein the strike face comprises a strike face center, and the strike face center extends horizontally through the strike face center in a direction extending from the heel end to the toe end when the club head is in the address position. A second component that defines the starting point of a coordinate system including the x-axis, a y-axis that extends vertically through the center of the strike face in the direction extending from the crown to the sole and is perpendicular to the x-axis, and a z-axis that extends horizontally through the center of the strike face in the direction extending from the strike face to the rear end and is perpendicular to both the x-axis and the y-axis; and a front end reference plane that is tangent to the leading edge and perpendicular to the ground plane, wherein the ground plane is tangent to the sole at the address position. A defined front end reference plane, a rear end reference plane tangent to the rear end and parallel to the front end reference plane, a central plane perpendicular to the ground plane and located midway between the front end reference plane and the rear end reference plane, and a YZ plane extending along the y-axis and z-axis perpendicular to the ground plane, wherein when the club head is viewed from above, the intersection of the central plane and the YZ plane divides the club head into a quadrant system having a front-toe quadrant, a front-heel quadrant, a rear-toe quadrant, and a rear-heel quadrant, the YZ plane andA golf club head comprising: a tuning element fixed to the inner surface of the second component within the rear-heel quadrant, wherein the tuning element comprises an adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer opposite the adhesive layer, and a vibration damping layer sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the reinforcing layer, the reinforcing layer comprising a glass cloth, and the vibration damping layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer, the club head comprising a hot spot within the rear-heel quadrant, the hot spot defined as the position of maximum amplitude at a natural frequency when the club head does not have the tuning element, the natural frequency of the club head being between 5000 Hz and 6500 Hz, the tuning element positioned on the hot spot, the tuning element configured to suppress the maximum amplitude at the natural frequency, and when the club head with the tuning element vibrates at the natural frequency, the maximum amplitude is reduced by at least 2 decibels compared to a similar club head without the tuning element. 【0153】 (Clause 2) The golf club head according to Clause 1, wherein the tuning element further comprises a tuning element center point located midway between the furthest heel portion of the tuning element and the furthest toe portion of the tuning element, and midway between the furthest forward portion of the tuning element and the furthest rear portion of the tuning element, the tuning element center point being located within the rear-heel quadrant. 【0154】 (Clause 3) The golf club head according to claim 2, wherein the offset distance measured between the front end reference plane and the center point of the tuning element, which is parallel to the z-axis, is between 1.5 inches and 2.0 inches. 【0155】 (Clause 4) The golf club head according to Clause 1, wherein the second component further comprises a second component crown portion that forms at least a portion of the crown of the club head. 【0156】 (Clause 5) The golf club head according to claim 1, further comprising a positional feature portion defining a recessed portion on the outer surface of the crown, wherein the positional feature portion comprises an edge portion separating the recessed portion from a non-recessed portion of the crown adjacent to the recessed portion. 【0157】 (Clause 6) Further comprising alignment features, The golf club head according to claim 5, wherein the alignment feature portion protrudes from the inner surface of the second component located opposite the recessed portion of the crown, and the tuning element is fixed to the alignment feature portion. 【0158】 (Clause 7) The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the natural frequency of the club head is between 5500Hz and 6000Hz. 【0159】 (Clause 8) The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the tuning element is bonded to the inner surface of the second component by adhesive. 【0160】 (Clause 9) The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the tuning element has a mass between 0.5 grams and 4 grams. 【0161】 (Clause 10) The volume of the club head is less than 200cc, and the club head has a center of gravity that defines the starting point of a coordinate system including a CGx axis parallel to the ground plane in the direction extending from the heel end to the toe end, and a CGy axis perpendicular to the ground plane in the direction extending from the sole to the crown, when the club head is in the address position, and the club head weighs 1500g*cm 2 The club head has an Ixx moment of inertia about the CGx axis that exceeds 2900 g*cm 2 The golf club head according to claim 1, comprising an Iyy moment of inertia about the CGy axis exceeding . 【0162】 (Clause 11) A golf club head comprising: a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel end, a toe end opposite the heel end, a front end with a leading edge, a rear end, and a skirt extending between the crown and the sole; a first component formed of metal comprising a strike face, a return portion extending rearward from the strike face, and a rear sole extension portion extending rearward from the return portion; and a second component formed of a non-metallic material, configured to be fixed to the first component so as to surround a hollow internal cavity, forming the majority of the crown, wrapping around the skirt, and forming at least a portion of the heel end, the toe end, and the sole; wherein the strike face comprises a strike face center, and the strike face center extends horizontally through the strike face center in a direction extending from the heel end to the toe end when the club head is in the address position. A second component that defines the starting point of a coordinate system including an x-axis, a y-axis that extends vertically through the center of the strike face in the direction extending from the crown to the sole and is perpendicular to the x-axis, and a z-axis that extends horizontally through the center of the strike face in the direction extending from the strike face to the rear end and is perpendicular to both the x-axis and the y-axis; and a front end reference plane that is tangent to the leading edge and perpendicular to the ground plane, wherein the ground plane is tangent to the sole at the address position. A front end reference plane is defined, a rear end reference plane is tangent to the rear end and parallel to the front end reference plane, a central plane is perpendicular to the ground plane and located midway between the front end reference plane and the rear end reference plane, and a YZ plane extends along the y axis and z axis perpendicular to the ground plane, wherein when the club head is viewed from above, the intersection of the central plane and the YZ plane divides the club head into a quadrant system having a front-toe quadrant, a front-heel quadrant, a rear-toe quadrant, and a rear-heel quadrant, the YZ plane andA golf club head comprising: a tuning element fixed to the inner surface of the second component in the rear-toe quadrant, wherein the tuning element comprises an adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer opposite the adhesive layer, and a vibration damping layer sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the reinforcing layer, the reinforcing layer comprising a glass cloth, and the vibration damping layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer, the club head comprising a hot spot in the rear-heel quadrant, the hot spot defined as the position of maximum amplitude at a natural frequency when the club head does not have the tuning element, the natural frequency of the club head being between 5000 Hz and 6500 Hz, the tuning element positioned on the hot spot, the tuning element configured to suppress the maximum amplitude at the natural frequency, and when the club head with the tuning element vibrates at the natural frequency, the maximum amplitude is reduced by at least 2 decibels compared to a similar club head without the tuning element. 【0163】 (Clause 12) The golf club head according to claim 11, wherein the natural frequency of the club head is between 6000Hz and 6500Hz. 【0164】 (Clause 13) The golf club head according to claim 11, wherein the tuning element further comprises a tuning element center point located midway between the heel portion of the tuning element and the toe portion of the tuning element, and midway between the foremost portion of the tuning element and the rearmost portion of the tuning element, the tuning element center point being located within the rear-toe quadrant. 【0165】 (Clause 14) The volume of the club head is less than 200cc, The club head has a center of gravity that defines the starting point of a coordinate system including a CGx axis parallel to the ground plane in the direction extending from the heel end to the toe end, and a CGy axis perpendicular to the ground plane in the direction extending from the sole to the crown, when the club head is in the address position, and the club head weighs 1500 g*cm2 The club head has an Ixx moment of inertia about the CGx axis that exceeds 2900 g*cm 2 The golf club head according to claim 11, comprising an Iyy moment of inertia about the CGy axis exceeding . 【0166】 (Clause 15) A golf club head comprising: a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel end, a toe end opposite the heel end, a front end with a leading edge, a rear end, and a skirt extending between the crown and the sole; a first component formed of metal comprising a strike face, a return portion extending rearward from the strike face, and a rear sole extension portion extending rearward from the return portion; and a second component formed of a non-metallic material, configured to be fixed to the first component so as to surround a hollow internal cavity, forming the majority of the crown, wrapping around the skirt, and forming at least a portion of the heel end, the toe end, and the sole; wherein the strike face comprises a strike face center, and the strike face center extends horizontally through the strike face center in a direction extending from the heel end to the toe end when the club head is in the address position. A second component that defines the starting point of a coordinate system including an x-axis, a y-axis that extends vertically through the center of the strike face in the direction extending from the crown to the sole and is perpendicular to the x-axis, and a z-axis that extends horizontally through the center of the strike face in the direction extending from the strike face to the rear end and is perpendicular to both the x-axis and the y-axis; and a front end reference plane that is tangent to the leading edge and perpendicular to the ground plane, wherein the ground plane is tangent to the sole at the address position. A front end reference plane is defined, a rear end reference plane is tangent to the rear end and parallel to the front end reference plane, a central plane is perpendicular to the ground plane and located midway between the front end reference plane and the rear end reference plane, and a YZ plane extends along the y axis and z axis perpendicular to the ground plane, wherein when the club head is viewed from above, the intersection of the central plane and the YZ plane divides the club head into a quadrant system having a front-toe quadrant, a front-heel quadrant, a rear-toe quadrant, and a rear-heel quadrant, the YZ plane andA golf club head comprising: a tuning element fixed to the inner surface of the second component in the rear-heel quadrant, wherein the tuning element comprises an adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer opposite the adhesive layer, and a vibration damping layer sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the reinforcing layer, the reinforcing layer comprising a glass cloth, and the vibration damping layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer, the club head comprising a hot spot in the rear-heel quadrant, the hot spot defined as the position of maximum amplitude at a natural frequency when the club head does not have the tuning element, the natural frequency of the club head being between 5000 Hz and 6500 Hz, the tuning element positioned on the hot spot, the tuning element configured to suppress the maximum amplitude at the natural frequency, and when the club head with the tuning element vibrates at the natural frequency, the maximum amplitude is reduced by at least 2 decibels compared to a similar club head without the tuning element, and the maximum amplitude at the natural frequency is 65 decibels or less. 【0167】 (Clause 16) The golf club head according to claim 15, wherein the natural frequency of the club head is between 5500Hz and 6000Hz. 【0168】 (Clause 17) The tuning element further comprises a tuning element center point located midway between the heel portion of the tuning element and the toe portion of the tuning element, and midway between the front portion of the tuning element and the rearmost portion of the tuning element. The golf club head according to claim 15, wherein the center point of the tuning element is located within the rear-heel quadrant. 【0169】 (Clause 18) The tuning element is 0.5 g / cm³ 3 ~1.5g / cm 3 A golf club head according to claim 15, having a density between the above. 【0170】 (Clause 19) The golf club head according to claim 15, wherein the reinforcing layer has a tensile strength of more than 60 MPa. 【0171】 (Clause 20) The golf club head according to claim 16, wherein the natural frequency of the golf club head is approximately 5860 Hz. 【0172】 Various features and advantages of this disclosure are described in the following claims.

Claims

[Claim 1] It is a golf club head, A crown, a sole on the opposite side of the crown, a heel end, a toe end on the opposite side of the heel end, a front end with a leading edge, a rear end, and a skirt extending between the crown and the sole, A first component formed from a metal material, comprising a strike face, a return portion extending rearward from the strike face, and a rearward-extending sole portion extending rearward from the return portion, A second component formed from a non-metallic material, configured to be fixed to the first component so as to surround a hollow internal cavity, and the second component forming the majority of the crown, A tuning element fixed to the inner surface of the second component, Equipped with, The tuning element comprises an adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, and a vibration damping layer sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the reinforcing layer. The second component is provided with a recess on the outer surface of the crown, The recess is provided with an edge that separates the recess from an adjacent non-recess of the crown. The recess forms a projection extending from the inner surface of the crown into the hollow internal cavity. The club head includes a hot spot adjacent to the recess, the hot spot is defined as the position of maximum amplitude of the natural frequency when the club head does not have the tuning element. The tuning element is positioned on the projection, The tuning element is configured to suppress the maximum amplitude of the natural frequency. Golf club head. [Claim 2] The second component further comprises: A second component crown portion that forms at least a part of the crown, A second component heel portion that wraps around at least a portion of the heel end, A second component toe portion that wraps around at least a portion of the toe end, Equipped with, The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the tuning element is fixed to the inner surface of the second component crown portion. [Claim 3] The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the tuning element is connected to the second component by adhesive. [Claim 4] The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the maximum amplitude of the natural frequency is reduced by at least 2 decibels compared to a similar club head that does not have the tuning element. [Claim 5] The strike face comprises a strike face center, The strike face center is in a coordinate system, When the club head is in the address position, the x-axis extends horizontally through the center of the strike face in the direction extending from the heel end to the toe end, In the direction extending from the crown to the sole, it extends perpendicularly through the center of the strike face, and the y axis is perpendicular to the x axis, In the direction extending from the strike face to the rear end, the z-axis extends horizontally through the center of the strike face and is perpendicular to both the x-axis and the y-axis, The starting point of the coordinate system including is defined, The aforementioned club head is A front end reference plane that is in contact with the leading edge and perpendicular to the ground plane, wherein the ground plane is defined as being in contact with the sole at the address position, and the front end reference plane, A rear end reference plane that is in contact with the aforementioned rear end and parallel to the aforementioned front end reference plane, A central plane that is perpendicular to the ground plane and located midway between the front end reference plane and the rear end reference plane, The YZ plane extends along the y-axis and z-axis, which are perpendicular to the ground plane, Define the area, When the club head is viewed from above, the intersection of the central plane and the YZ plane divides the club head into a quadrant system having a front-toe quadrant, a front-heel quadrant, a rear-toe quadrant, and a rear-heel quadrant. The golf club head according to claim 1. [Claim 6] The golf club head according to claim 5, wherein the tuning element further comprises a tuning element center point located midway between the heel portion of the tuning element and the toe portion of the tuning element, and midway between the front portion of the tuning element and the rearmost portion of the tuning element. [Claim 7] The golf club head according to claim 6, wherein the center point of the tuning element is located within the rear-heel quadrant. [Claim 8] The golf club head according to claim 6, wherein the offset distance measured between the front end reference plane and the center point of the tuning element, which is parallel to the z-axis, is between 1.5 inches and 2.0 inches. [Claim 9] It is a golf club head, A crown, a sole on the opposite side of the crown, a heel end, a toe end on the opposite side of the heel end, a front end with a leading edge, a rear end, and a skirt extending between the crown and the sole, A first component formed from a metal material, comprising a strike face, a return portion extending rearward from the strike face, and a rearward-extending sole portion extending rearward from the return portion, A second component formed from a non-metallic material, configured to be fixed to the first component so as to surround a hollow internal cavity, and the second component forming the majority of the crown, A tuning element fixed to the inner surface of the second component, Equipped with, The tuning element comprises an adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, and a vibration damping layer sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the reinforcing layer. The aforementioned reinforcing layer includes glass cloth, The vibration damping layer comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, The second component is provided with a recess on the outer surface of the crown, The recess is provided with an edge that separates the recess from an adjacent non-recess of the crown. The recess forms a projection extending from the inner surface of the crown into the hollow internal cavity. The club head includes a hot spot adjacent to the recess, the hot spot is defined as the position of maximum amplitude of the natural frequency when the club head does not have the tuning element. The tuning element is positioned on the projection, The tuning element is configured to suppress the maximum amplitude of the natural frequency. Golf club head. [Claim 10] The golf club head according to claim 9, wherein the maximum amplitude of the natural frequency is reduced by at least 2 decibels compared to a similar club head that does not have the tuning element. [Claim 11] The tuning element is 0.5 g / cm³. ３ ~1.5 g / cm ３ A golf club head according to claim 9, having a density between the above. [Claim 12] The golf club head according to claim 9, wherein the tuning element has a mass between 0.5 g and 4 g. [Claim 13] The reinforcing layer has a tensile strength exceeding 60 MPa, as described in claim 9. [Claim 14] The second component further comprises: A second component crown portion that forms at least a part of the crown, A second component heel portion that wraps around at least a portion of the heel end, A second component toe portion that wraps around at least a portion of the toe end, Equipped with, The golf club head according to claim 9, wherein the tuning element is fixed to the inner surface of the second component crown portion. [Claim 15] It is a golf club head, A crown, a sole on the opposite side of the crown, a heel end, a toe end on the opposite side of the heel end, a front end with a leading edge, a rear end, and a skirt extending between the crown and the sole, A first component formed from a metal material, comprising a strike face, a return portion extending rearward from the strike face, and a rearward-extending sole portion extending rearward from the return portion, A second component formed from a non-metallic material, configured to be fixed to the first component so as to surround a hollow internal cavity, and the second component forming the majority of the crown, A tuning element fixed to the inner surface of the second component, Equipped with, The tuning element comprises an adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, and a vibration damping layer sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the reinforcing layer. The second component is provided with a recess on the outer surface of the crown, The recess is provided with an edge that separates the recess from an adjacent non-recess of the crown. The recess forms a projection extending from the inner surface of the crown into the hollow internal cavity. The club head includes a hot spot adjacent to the recess, the hot spot is defined as the position of maximum amplitude of the natural frequency when the club head does not have the tuning element. The tuning element is positioned on the projection, The tuning element is configured to suppress the maximum amplitude of the natural frequency, The aforementioned natural frequency is between 5000 Hz and 6500 Hz. Golf club head. [Claim 16] The golf club head according to claim 15, wherein the natural frequency of the club head is between 5500 Hz and 6000 Hz. [Claim 17] The golf club head according to claim 16, wherein the natural frequency of the club head is approximately 5860 Hz. [Claim 18] The golf club head according to claim 15, wherein the natural frequency of the club head is between 6000 Hz and 6500 Hz. [Claim 19] The golf club head according to claim 15, wherein the maximum amplitude of the natural frequency is reduced by at least 2 decibels compared to a similar club head without the tuning element. [Claim 20] The second component further comprises: A second component crown portion that forms at least a part of the crown, A second component heel portion that wraps around at least a portion of the heel end, A second component toe portion that wraps around at least a portion of the toe end, Equipped with, The golf club head according to claim 15, wherein the tuning element is fixed to the inner surface of the second component crown portion.

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