Reusable Unit Building

Abstract

To propose a reusable modular building with a rational structure, taking into consideration ease of construction, strength, livability, and the like.SOLUTION: Provided is a modular building in which functional members are attached to a frame that joins columns 11 with floor beams 12 and ceiling beams 13 to form living units 1, and the living units 1 are stacked adjacently to each other, and the living units 1 are connected to each other and to other units with different functions to construct a building. Adjacent living units 1 are aligned on each floor, with the columns 11 arranged in pairs, the living units 1 on the lower and upper floors are aligned vertically, and a space is secured between the ceiling beams 13 on the lower floor and the floor beams 12 on the upper floor, and the columns 11, which are steel pipes, of the adjacent living units 1 on the lower and upper floors are joined by overlapping and fastening the overlapping plate portions in each direction of respective joint members 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to unit construction in which various units can be repeatedly used.

Background Art

[0002] In Japan, buildings are often demolished and rebuilt in a cycle of about 30 to 40 years. Each time of demolition, a large amount of industrial waste is generated, and each time of new construction, a large amount of building materials are consumed. This can cause environmental deterioration and goes against the modern goal of aiming for a sustainable recycling society.

[0003] On the other hand, the applicant has proposed a unit building as shown in FIG. 15 in the following Patent Document 1. This unit building is manufactured by joining container-type units 71 in a box frame shape with columns 72 and beams 73 and attaching wall panels 74 to each surface, stacking a plurality of units 71 adjacent to each other, connecting the units 71 to build a building.

[0004] In this unit building, from the top floor to the bottom floor units 71, a connecting shaft 75 made of a long-axis PC steel bar or PC steel wire is inserted into the square steel pipe column 72, and after locking the tip of the connecting shaft 75 below the building, the nuts 76 screwed onto the connecting shaft 75 are tightened at the upper part of the building to connect the upper and lower units 71.

[0005] Such a unit building can stack the units 71 arranged on each floor to stably increase the height, enable construction in a short construction period, and can also easily perform relocation work. Therefore, it is suitable for building temporary buildings in reconstruction bases after large-scale disasters, long-term development projects, etc., and can also achieve effective utilization of structural members.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

[0007] However, in the unit building described in Patent Document 1 above, it is sometimes difficult under regulations to construct the units by inserting long connecting shafts through the columns, and it was necessary to reconsider the column connection structure of the units.

[0008] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to propose a reusable unit building that can be realized with a rational structure from the viewpoints of constructability, strength, habitability, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] To solve the above problems, this invention provides a modular building system in which a functional member is attached to a frame that connects the corner columns, the lower floor beams, and the upper ceiling beams to form a living room unit, the living room units are stacked side by side, the living room units are connected to each other, and other units having different functions are connected to construct the building. The aforementioned living room units are arranged in a line with adjacent units on each floor, with two columns forming a pair between adjacent living room units, and the living room units on the lower and upper floors are arranged vertically, with space secured between the ceiling beams of the lower floor and the floor beams of the upper floor. The column is a steel pipe with a closed cross-section, and joint members are attached to the lower and upper ends of the column via diaphragms. The joint members are provided with overlapping plate sections that are perpendicular to each other in a plane. The columns of adjacent living room units on the lower and upper floors are joined by overlapping and fastening the overlapping plate portions in each direction of the respective joint members.

[0010] Furthermore, in this type of apartment building unit, the aforementioned living room unit serves as the living space, and at least a staircase unit, a corridor unit, and a balcony unit are combined with it.

[0011] Furthermore, in the construction of business units, the aforementioned residential units serve as office spaces, with other units being combined with them.

[0012] These modular buildings consist of a main building structure in which the aforementioned living room units and other units are combined and stacked from the lowest floor to the highest floor, with a roof unit then framed above it. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The modular building according to this invention is constructed from living room units as well as other units having different functions, and these can be combined in any arrangement. Therefore, by combining various units in an appropriate arrangement, it is possible to accommodate a variety of plans that suit the family structure of the residents and the uses of the users.

[0014] Furthermore, the columns of adjacent living room units on upper and lower floors are joined by attaching joint members to their lower and upper ends via diaphragms, and fastening them together in an overlapping state with perpendicular overlapping plate sections within the plane provided by the joint members. This results in excellent workability and allows for stable stacking of living room units.

[0015] Furthermore, in living units on different floors, a space is secured between the ceiling beams of the lower floor and the floor beams of the upper floor. This space can be used to easily install equipment piping, and noise and vibrations from the upper floor are less likely to be transmitted to the floor below.

[0016] Furthermore, since the columns of adjacent living units are arranged in pairs, and the interior walls supported by these columns form a double-layered structure, the sound insulation effect between adjacent living units is also excellent.

[0017] Furthermore, by releasing the connections between the columns, the building can be easily dismantled without damaging the main components such as the living space units, and relocation work can also be easily carried out. This reduces the wasteful disposal of building materials and promotes the effective use of resources. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] (a) Corridor side elevation view, (b) Cross-sectional view, (c) Balcony side elevation view showing the outline of the unit building for apartment houses according to an embodiment of this invention [Figure 2] Floor plan showing the arrangement of units on each floor as above [Figure 3] Floor plan showing the floor plan of the 2DK type as above [Figure 4] Column-beam floor plan as above [Figure 5] (a) Axis diagram in the girder row direction, (b) Axis diagram in the span direction as above [Figure 6] (a) Floor plan, (b) Elevation view of the staircase unit as above [Figure 7] (a) Axis diagram in the girder row direction, (b) Axis diagram of the A-A view in (d), (c) Axis diagram of the B-B view in (d), (d) Column-beam floor plan of the corridor unit as above [Figure 8] (a) Cross-sectional view, (b) Elevation view of the balcony unit as above [Figure 9] Cross-sectional views of the living room roof unit, corridor roof unit, and balcony roof unit as above [Figure 10] (a) Perspective view of the column base separation using the T-shaped joint member as above, (b) Perspective view of the joint part of the column [Figure 11] (a) Elevation view of the column base part and its A-A cross-sectional view, (b) Elevation view of the joint part of the column and its B-B cross-sectional view as above [Figure 12] (a) Perspective view of the column base separation using the channel-shaped joint member as above, (b) Perspective view of the joint part of the column [Figure 13] (a) Elevation view of the column base part and its A-A cross-sectional view, (b) Elevation view of the joint part of the column and its B-B cross-sectional view as above [Figure 14] (a) Axis diagram in the girder row direction, (b) Axis diagram in the span direction, (c) Axis diagram of the roof part showing the unit building for business use according to an embodiment of this invention [Figure 15] Perspective view showing the outline of the unit building described in Patent Document 1 [[Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention]]

[0019] Hereinafter, embodiments of this invention will be described based on the attached drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 shows the corridor-side elevation, section, and balcony-side elevation of a modular building for apartment buildings, and Figure 2 shows the floor plan of the unit layout on each floor. In this modular building, the living space unit 1 is combined with the attached staircase unit 2, corridor unit 3, and balcony unit 4, and stacked on top of them, with a roof unit 5 framed above.

[0021] The living room units 1 are arranged in a line on each floor, for example, in the case of a 2DK shown in Figure 3, two adjacent living room units 1 are treated as one dwelling unit, and the interior of each dwelling unit is laid out as shown in the figure, with a Western-style room, a Japanese-style room, a kitchen, and a sanitary space.

[0022] Depending on the size and layout of each dwelling unit, one living room unit 1 may constitute one dwelling unit, or three or more living room units 1 may constitute one dwelling unit. Furthermore, the boundaries of living room units 1 do not need to correspond to the boundaries of dwelling units; a soundproof partition wall may be provided in the middle of a living room unit 1 to serve as the boundary between adjacent dwelling units.

[0023] In such a modular building, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the frame of the living room unit 1 is constructed by joining the four corner columns 11, the lower floor beams 12 in the longitudinal and span directions, and the upper ceiling beams 13 in the longitudinal and span directions.

[0024] The living room units 1 on each floor are arranged so that the columns 11 of adjacent living room units 1 form pairs, and the living room units 1 on the lower and upper floors are arranged so that they are vertically aligned. A space is secured between the ceiling beam 13 on the lower floor and the floor beam 12 on the upper floor.

[0025] The floor of living room unit 1 could be constructed using CLT floor panels (cross-laminated timber), concrete slabs (ALC floor panels, extruded cement boards, precast panels), or a deck plate concrete method. However, since light weight is desirable, a construction method using fire-resistant CLT floor panels is appropriate.

[0026] The walls of living room unit 1 are lightweight and require fire resistance, sound insulation, and heat insulation. Therefore, suitable materials include CLT wall panels (cross-laminated timber), metal insulation sandwich panels, laminated structures of metal plates, insulation material, and gypsum board, and laminated structures of extruded cement board, insulation material, and gypsum board.

[0027] As shown in Figure 6, the staircase unit 2 is positioned adjacent to the living room unit 1. The position of the staircase unit 2 on each floor can be set to any position, including the outer end in the longitudinal direction or in the middle.

[0028] The frame of the staircase unit 2 is constructed by joining columns 21, floor beams 22, and ceiling beams 23, which are arranged in accordance with the adjacent living room unit 1.

[0029] The stairs 24 of stair unit 2 shall be either a switchback staircase or a straight staircase. When installing stairs 24, it is necessary to connect the lower and upper floors, so the steps of stairs 24 may be transported separately from the frame of stair unit 2 along with the stringers and balusters, and erected on site. The top floor of stair unit 2 shall not have stairs 24.

[0030] In the example shown in Figure 6, an elevator unit 25 is provided connecting the staircase unit 2 and the corridor unit 3, and an entrance / exit 26 is provided in the elevator unit 25. The elevator unit 25 is available in various sizes depending on the type of elevator. If an elevator is not needed, a standard corridor unit 3 is provided.

[0031] As shown in Figure 7, the corridor unit 3 is available in two types: one in which columns 31, floor beams 32, and ceiling beams 33 are joined together to form a frame for multiple floors, and another in which columns 31, floor beams 32, and ceiling beams 33 are joined together for each floor, corresponding to the living room unit 1 (though not shown in the figure). These types can be selected considering transportation and on-site construction time.

[0032] In the case of a type where multiple floors are combined into a single frame, only the floor beams 32 of each floor are used, and the ceiling beams 33 can be omitted. However, the unit becomes longer in the height direction, so care must be taken during transportation and construction. In the case of a type where each floor is separate, transportation and construction are easy, but at the joint between upper and lower floors, the ceiling beams 33 of the lower floor and the floor beams 32 of the upper floor become double-layered.

[0033] Corridor unit 3 will be available in two types: one with a floor opening 34 and one without. In the type with a floor opening 34, a handrail 35 for fall prevention must be installed on the aisle side of the floor opening 34.

[0034] In the type with a floor opening 34, the passageway can be moved away from the windows to protect the privacy of the dwelling unit. Additionally, the floor opening 34 can be used as a space for plumbing in the bathroom or toilet, or as a space for intake and exhaust of ventilation fans. In the type without a floor opening 34, it can be used as space in front of the entrance.

[0035] As shown in Figure 8, the balcony unit 4 is constructed by joining the U-shaped side frames 41 on both sides with the lower frame 42 and the upper frame 43 to form a frame, and is equipped with a floor plate 44 and a handrail 45, and is joined so as to extend out from the living room unit 1. By providing braces 46 on the side frames 41 with the suspension point on the living room unit 1 side, the weight of the steel material used for the side frames 41 can be reduced.

[0036] In balcony unit 4, providing a partition wall 47 at the boundary with the adjacent dwelling unit ensures privacy when using the balcony. Furthermore, providing an escape opening 48 in the partition wall 47 allows for two-way evacuation in the event of a fire or other emergency.

[0037] As shown in Figure 9, the roof unit 5 consists of a living room roof unit 51, a corridor roof unit 52, and a balcony roof unit 53. The frame of the roof unit 5 may be placed on the grid lines as shown in the figure, or it may be placed on the beams running lengthwise. The roof finish will be a corrugated metal roof or a folded metal roof, and measures will be taken to protect against leaks and strong winds.

[0038] Figures 10(a) and 11(a) show the bases of columns 11, 21, and 31 of the living room unit 1, staircase unit 2, and corridor unit 3, while Figures 10(b) and 11(b) show the joints of columns 11, 21, and 31 of the living room unit 1, staircase unit 2, and corridor unit 3. Columns 11, 21, and 31 are rectangular steel pipes with a closed cross-section.

[0039] As shown in the figure, a pair of T-shaped joint members 62 are attached to the base plate 61 of the foundation leg 6 that supports the columns 11, 21, and 31 of the lowest floor. Each joint member 62 has a superimposed plate portion 62b that is perpendicular to one side in the vertical direction of a superimposed plate portion 62a that extends in the same straight line, and a total of four through holes 62c are drilled in the superimposed plate portion 62a of each joint member 62, two on the top, bottom, left, and right. The superimposed plate portions 62b of the pair of joint members 62 face each other and are connected via a connecting portion 62d.

[0040] Furthermore, T-shaped joint members 8 are attached to the lower and upper ends of columns 11, 21, and 31 via diaphragms 7. The overlapping plate portions 8a extending in the same direction at the lower and upper ends of the joint member 8 are offset in the thickness direction, and the other overlapping plate portion 8b abuts against one of the alternating vertical sides of the overlapping plate portion 8a. A total of four through-holes 8c are drilled in the overlapping plate portion 8a, two each on the top, bottom, left, and right sides, and a total of two through-holes 8c are drilled in the overlapping plate portion 8b at the upper ends of columns 11, 21, and 31, one on each side of the overlapping plate portion 8a.

[0041] During construction, the columns 11, 21, and 31 of adjacent living room unit 1, staircase unit 2, and corridor unit 3 on the lowest floor are connected by joint members 62 rising from the base plate 61 of the foundation leg 6. NextJoin together.

[0042] At this time, the overlapping plate portion 62a of the joint member 62 on the base plate 61 side and the overlapping plate portion 8a of the joint member 8 attached to the lower end of the columns 11, 21, and 31 on the lowest floor are overlapped and fixed with fastening members 9 at the matching through holes 8c and 62c.

[0043] Then, adjacent living room units 1, staircase units 2, and corridor units 3 on each floor are stacked upwards in sequence, and the columns 11, 21, and 31 on the upper floor are joined to the columns 11, 21, and 31 on the lower floor.

[0044] At this time, the overlapping plate portion 8a of the joint member 8 attached to the upper end of the columns 11, 21, 31 on the lower floor and the overlapping plate portion 8a of the joint member 8 attached to the lower end of the columns 11, 21, 31 on the upper floor are overlapped and fixed with a fastening member 9 at the matching through-hole 8c. In addition, the overlapping plate portions 8b of the upper ends of the columns 11, 21, 31 of adjacent living room units 1, staircase units 2, and corridor units 3 on each floor are overlapped with spacers 10 in between and fixed with a fastening member 9 at the matching through-hole 8c.

[0045] The fastening member 9 consists of a bolt 9a and a nut 9b, but fastening pins such as rivets can also be used. The bolt 9a used here is basically a high-strength bolt, but in the case of a medium-strength bolt, the nut 9b is a double nut to prevent loosening.

[0046] In this type of unit building, the long-term and short-term stresses (stresses due to earthquakes and wind pressure) of the upper unit are borne by the bolts 9a or pins of the fastening members 9 at the joints, thus limiting the number of floors in the unit. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is desirable to use wooden materials such as CLT floor panels for the floor of the living room unit 1.

[0047] In Figures 10 and 11, examples are shown where the joint members 8 of columns 11, 21, and 31 and the joint member 62 on the base plate 61 side form a T shape in plan view. However, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, the joint members 8 and 62 may be channel-shaped, forming a U shape in plan view.

[0048] Furthermore, although the above embodiment illustrates a unit building for apartment buildings, the structure of the unit building according to this invention can also be applied to commercial unit buildings, such as the one shown in Figure 14. Possible applications include general offices that may be relocated in the medium to long term, exhibition halls that are relocated in the short term, and construction sites for building and civil engineering projects with relatively long construction periods.

[0049] In the illustrated commercial unit building, two living room units 1 are arranged in the span direction on each floor, and the floor beams 12 and the uppermost ceiling beams 13 on each floor are connected by connecting beams 36, with the area between the living room units 1 serving as a corridor. The roof unit 5 is an arched folded plate roof that extends along the entire span direction.

[0050] The above-mentioned apartment building or commercial unit building is constructed from a basic living room unit 1, as well as other units with different functions. These can be combined in any arrangement, allowing for various plans to be arranged appropriately to suit the family structure of residents and the intended use of the building.

[0051] Furthermore, the columns of adjacent living room units 1 on upper and lower floors are joined by attaching joint members 8 to their lower and upper ends via diaphragms 7, and fastening them in an overlapping state of the overlapping plate sections 8a, 8a and 8b, 8b which are perpendicular to each other in the plane provided by the joint members 8. This provides excellent workability and allows for stable stacking of the living room units 1.

[0052] Furthermore, in the living room units 1 on the upper and lower floors, a space is secured between the ceiling beam 13 of the lower floor and the floor beam 12 of the upper floor. This space can be used to easily install equipment piping, and noise and vibrations from the upper floor are less likely to be transmitted to the floor below.

[0053] Furthermore, since the columns 11 of adjacent living room units 1 form a pair, and the inner walls supported by the columns 11 have a double-layered structure, the sound insulation effect between adjacent living room units 1 is also excellent.

[0054] Furthermore, by releasing the connection of the column 11, the main components such as the living room unit 1 can be easily dismantled without damaging them, and relocation work can also be easily carried out, thereby reducing the wasteful disposal of building materials and promoting the effective use of resources. [Explanation of symbols]

[0055] 1 Living Unit 2 Staircase Units 3 Corridor Units 4 Balcony Units 5. Roof Unit 6 Basic legs 7 Diaphragm 8 Joint members 8a,8b Plywood section 8c through hole 9 Fastening members 9a Bolt 9b Nut 10 Spacers 11 pillars 12 Floor beam 13 Ceiling beams 21 pillars 22 Floor beam 23 Ceiling beams 24 stairs 25 Elevator Units 26 Entrance / Exit 31 pillars 32 Floor beam 33 Ceiling beams 34 Floor opening 35 Handrail 36 Connecting beam 41 Side frame 42 Bottom frame 43 Upper frame 44 floorboards 45 Handrail 46 Brace 47 Bulkhead 48 Evacuation opening 51 Living Room Roof Unit 52 Corridor roof unit 53 Balcony Roof Unit 61 Base Plate 62 Joint Members 62a,62b Polymer board part 62c through hole 62d Connecting part 71 units 72 pillars 73 Beam 74 Wall Panels 75 Connecting shaft 76 nuts

Claims

1. In a modular building where a living room unit (1) is formed by attaching functional members to a frame that connects the corner columns (11), the lower floor beams (12), and the upper ceiling beams (13), and the living room units (1) are stacked side by side, the living room units (1) are connected to each other, and other units having different functions are connected to construct the building, The aforementioned living room units (1) are arranged in a line with adjacent units on each floor, with two columns (11) forming a pair between adjacent living room units (1), the living room units (1) on the lower and upper floors are arranged vertically, and a space is secured between the ceiling beams (13) on the lower floor and the floor beams (12) on the upper floor. The columns (11) are steel pipes with a closed cross-section, and T-shaped or channel-shaped joint members (8) are attached to the lower and upper ends of each column (11) via separate diaphragms (7). The joint members (8) are provided with overlapping plate portions (8a, 8b) that are perpendicular to each other in the plane, and the overlapping plate portions (8a) extending in the same direction at the lower and upper ends of the joint members (8) are offset in the thickness direction, with the other overlapping plate portion (8b) abutting against the staggered vertical sides of the overlapping plate portion (8a), and through holes (8c) are drilled in the overlapping plate portions (8a, 8b). The base plate (61) of the foundation leg (6) that integrally supports the two columns (11) on the lowest floor of adjacent living room units (1) is fitted with a pair of T-shaped or channel-shaped joint members (62) corresponding to each column (11), and each of the aforementioned joint members (62) has an overlapping plate portion (62b) perpendicular to the vertical side of the overlapping plate portion (62a) that extends in the same straight line, and a through hole (62c) is drilled in the overlapping plate portion (62a) of each of the aforementioned joint members (62), and the overlapping plate portions (62b) of the pair of aforementioned joint members (62) are facing each other and connected via a connecting portion (62d). During construction, the overlapping plate portion (62a) of the joint member (62) of the base plate (61) and the overlapping plate portion (8a) of the joint member (8) attached to the lower end of the column (11) of the lowest floor are overlapped, and the overlapping plate portions (62a, 8a) are fixed with fastening members (9) in the through holes (8c, 62c) where they coincide. A modular building characterized in that the overlapping plate portion (8a) of the joint member (8) attached to the upper end of the column (11) on the lower floor and the overlapping plate portion (8a) of the joint member (8) attached to the lower end of the column (11) on the upper floor are superimposed and fixed with a fastening member (9) in the through hole (8c) where the overlapping plate portions (8a,8a) coincide, and the overlapping plate portions (8b) of the upper ends of the columns (11) of adjacent living room units (1) on each floor are superimposed via spacers (10) so that they face each other and fixed with a fastening member (9) in the through hole (8c) where the overlapping plate portions (8b,8b) coincide.

2. The aforementioned living room unit (1) is a living space, and is characterized in that at least a staircase unit (2), a corridor unit (3), and a balcony unit (4) are combined therewith, as described in claim 1.

3. The aforementioned living space unit (1) is a workspace, and other units are combined therewith, characterized in that it is a commercial unit building according to claim 1.

4. The modular building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aforementioned living room unit (1) and other units are combined and a roof unit (5) is constructed above the main building body which is stacked from the lowest floor to the highest floor.

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