Solar cell and its manufacturing method, photovoltaic module and power consumption device

Abstract

The present application relates to a solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof, a photovoltaic module, and a power consumption device. The solar cell includes a plurality of subcells electrically connected to each other, a dead zone between two adjacent subcells, a reflector provided on at least a part of the surface of the dead zone for reflecting incident light irradiated onto the dead zone, and a packaging module provided on the side of the reflector away from the dead zone for reflecting the incident light reflected by the reflector to the surface of the subcell and converting the incident light into electrical energy. According to the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] [Cross - reference to Related Applications] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202111603126.4, titled "Solar Cell and Its Manufacturing Method, Photoelectric Power Generation Module and Power Consumption Device", filed on December 24, 2021, and all contents of the said application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application relates to the technical field of battery production, and particularly to solar cells and their manufacturing methods, photoelectric power generation modules and power consumption devices.

Background Art

[0003] A solar cell is a photoelectric conversion device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy, has excellent photoelectric properties, a simple manufacturing method, and brings new space and hope to photovoltaic power generation.

[0004] In the production process of solar cells, how to further improve their photoelectric conversion efficiency has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a solar cell and its manufacturing method, a photoelectric power generation module and a power consumption device, aiming to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a solar cell, which includes a plurality of sub - cells that are electrically connected, a dead zone provided between two adjacent sub - cells, a reflection part provided on at least a part of the surface of the dead zone for reflecting incident light irradiated on the dead zone, and a packaging module provided on a side of the reflection part away from the dead zone for reflecting the incident light reflected by the reflection part onto the surface of the sub - cell to convert the incident light into electrical energy.

[0007] In the above technical solution, by providing a reflective portion on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone, the incident light irradiated onto the dead zone is reflected by the packaging module due to the reflective action of the reflective portion. The packaging module then reflects the incident light back onto the surface of the subcell, allowing the subcell to perform photoelectric conversion using the light from this portion, thereby further increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0008] In some embodiments, the reflective portion covers all surfaces of the dead zone facing the packaging module. In embodiments of the present invention, by covering all surfaces of the dead zone facing the packaging module, the incident light irradiating the dead zone can be reflected by the reflective portion, the incident light irradiating the dead zone is fully utilized, and the light utilization rate of the solar cell is further increased.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reflective portion has an arc-shaped convex surface that protrudes away from the dead zone. In embodiments of the present application, the arc-shaped convex surface can increase the light divergence, reducing the amount of incident light that is reflected by the packaging module along different reflection paths and then reflected back into the dead zone after being reflected by the packaging module.

[0010] In some embodiments, a subcell includes two opposing ends, the dead zone includes a main body and a recess, the main body connects the ends of two adjacent subcells, the recess is formed recessed to the main body, and the reflector is provided in the main body and / or the recess. In embodiments of the present application, the provision of the reflector in the main body and / or the recess allows for effective reflection of incident light irradiating the dead zone.

[0011] In some embodiments, the reflective portion includes a main body and an extended portion, the main body being provided in a recessed portion, and the extended portion protruding from the surface of the main body facing the packaging module. In the embodiments of the present application, the provision of the main body in a recessed portion prevents external water vapor and oxygen from entering the subcell, and the protrusion of the extended portion from the main body increases the area receiving incident light, thereby increasing the light utilization rate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the extended portion is located on the surface of the main body facing the packaging module. In embodiments of the present invention, the area capable of reflecting incident light is further increased, and the light utilization rate can be further enhanced.

[0013] In some embodiments, the main body includes a photoelectric conversion module comprising a first electrode layer, a first photoelectric portion located on the surface of the first electrode layer, and a second photoelectric portion connecting the first photoelectric portion and the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer comprising a first electrode portion located on the surface of the first photoelectric portion away from the first electrode layer, and a second electrode portion connecting the first electrode portion and the first electrode layer, wherein the recess penetrates at least the first electrode portion. The manufacturing process for such a structural form is simple and low cost.

[0014] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion module includes a photoelectric conversion layer located between at least a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, the photoelectric conversion module further includes an electron transport layer located between the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer, and / or the photoelectric conversion module further includes a hole transport layer located between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode layer. In embodiments of the present application, the provision of an electron transport layer and / or a hole transport layer reduces the coupling between holes and electrons, thereby increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0015] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a photovoltaic module including a solar cell according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.

[0016] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a power consumption device including a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a method for manufacturing a solar cell, the method comprising: providing a plurality of electrically connected subcells, wherein a dead zone is provided between two adjacent subcells; providing a reflective portion provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone; and providing a packaging module provided on the side of the reflective portion away from the dead zone.

[0018] In the solar cell manufactured by the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention, by providing a reflective section and a packaging module, incident light irradiated into the dead zone can be reflected before being irradiated onto the subcell, allowing the subcell to perform photoelectric conversion using the light from this section, further increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, providing a reflective portion on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone involves applying the reflective portion to at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone by means of filling or spray coating. This manufacturing method is relatively simple. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings necessary for use in the embodiments of this application will be briefly described below. However, obviously, the drawings described below represent only a few embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain further drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort. [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic block diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by some embodiments of the present application. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell provided by some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 4] It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the dead zone of the solar cell shown in FIG. 3. [Figure 5] It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the dead zone and the reflection part of the solar cell shown in FIG. 3. [Figure 6] It is a structural schematic diagram of the solar cell provided by another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the dead zone and the reflection part of the solar cell shown in FIG. 6. [Figure 8] It is another enlarged structural schematic diagram of the dead zone and the reflection part of the solar cell shown in FIG. 6. [Figure 9] It is a structural schematic diagram of the solar cell provided by yet another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10] It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the dead zone and the reflection part of the solar cell shown in FIG. 9. [Figure 11] It is a flow schematic diagram of the manufacturing method of the solar cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as that generally understood by those skilled in the art. Terms used in this specification are solely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof in this specification, claims, and the above drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive “including.” Terms such as “first,” “second,” etc., in this specification, claims, and the above drawings are for the purpose of distinguishing different subjects and are not intended to describe a particular order or primary / secondary relationship.

[0024] Where the “Examples” are referred to in this Application, it means that certain features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with the Examples may be included in at least one Example of this Application. The phrase “Examples” as used in different parts of the Specification does not necessarily refer to the same Example, nor are they mutually exclusive or alternative to other Examples.

[0025] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms “attach,” “connect,” “join,” and “bond” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may be fixed connections, detachable connections, integral connections, direct connections, indirect connections via an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two elements. A person skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application depending on the specific situation.

[0026] In this application, the term "and / or" merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there may be three possible relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B as a combination, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0027] In the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals indicate the same component, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same component are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the dimensions of each component, such as thickness, length, and width, in the embodiments of this application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall dimensions of the stacking device, are illustrative only and do not impose any limitations on this application.

[0028] In this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two).

[0029] In the embodiment of the present invention, the solar cell is a photoelectric conversion device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy, based on the photovoltaic effect. Different materials are used in the photoelectric conversion device, and due to the difference in the pseudo-Fermi levels of the different materials, an internal electric field is formed inside the photoelectric conversion device. Under light irradiation, high-energy photons are absorbed and photogenerating carriers (electron-hole pairs) are excited. Because they have different types of charge, electrons and holes drift in opposite directions due to the action of the internal electric field, causing electrons to move to the negative electrode and holes to move to the positive electrode, thereby forming a potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes and generating an electric current.

[0030] In the case of large-area solar cells, multiple subcells are obtained by scribing to acquire the required voltage and current output. For example, by performing a first scribing, a second scribing, and a third scribing using a laser or mechanical scribing means, the solar cell is divided and electrically connected (e.g., in series). The scribing process is as follows: A first electrode layer is formed on the substrate. A first perforation is formed by scribing, completing the division of each subcell. A photoelectric conversion module is formed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate, and a second perforation is formed by scribing, completing the scribing of the series-connected channels between each subcell. A second electrode layer is formed on the side of the photoelectric conversion module away from the substrate, and a third perforation is formed by scribing, completing the division of the second electrode layer.

[0031] A solar cell includes multiple subcells and multiple dead zones. A dead zone is located between two subcells, i.e., between the first perforation and the third perforation, and includes a first electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion module, and a second electrode layer located in this region. A subcell includes an active region, which refers to a region where light can be effectively utilized to perform photoelectric conversion, for example, the region in which each subcell can perform photoelectric conversion. A dead zone cannot utilize light, resulting in wasted light.

[0032] In the field of solar cells, photoelectric conversion efficiency is used to evaluate the performance of solar cells; the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the better the performance of the solar cell. The smaller the dead zone, the less area where light cannot be used, and the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0033] The inventors considered reducing the loss of light in the dead zone by shrinking the area of ​​the dead zone in order to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, they found that the area of ​​the dead zone could not be reduced indefinitely due to process limitations, and therefore could not be significantly reduced, thus preventing a significant improvement in photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0034] Based on the above problem identified by the inventor, the inventor proposed a technical solution in which a reflective portion is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone to reflect incident light irradiated onto the dead zone, and a packaging module is provided on the side of the reflective portion away from the dead zone to reflect the incident light reflected by the reflective portion onto the surface of the subcell. By providing the reflective portion and the packaging module, the incident light irradiated onto the dead zone can be reflected and then irradiated onto the subcell, thereby converting the incident light into electrical energy. Solar cells having such a structure can achieve a significant improvement in photoelectric conversion efficiency, and their reliability and stability can be significantly improved.

[0035] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to photovoltaic modules including solar cells and power consumption devices using photovoltaic modules.

[0036] Power-consuming devices may include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptop computers, ships, aerospace vehicles, electric toys, and power tools. Vehicles may be gasoline-powered cars, gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; aerospace vehicles include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft; electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric propulsion ship toys, and electric airplane toys; and power tools include electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, metal cutting power tools such as concrete vibrators and electric planers, polishing power tools, mounting power tools, and railway power tools. In the embodiments of this application, there are no particular limitations on the power-consuming devices described above.

[0037] In the following embodiment, for the sake of clarity, we will use the example of a vehicle as the power consumption device.

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, a photovoltaic module 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1, and the photovoltaic module 2 may be provided at the top, front, or rear of the vehicle 1. The photovoltaic module 2 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1, for example, the photovoltaic module 2 can be the operating power source for the vehicle 1.

[0039] Vehicle 1 may further include a controller 3 and a motor 4, the controller 3 being used to control the photovoltaic module 2 to supply power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the operating power needs of starting, navigating, and driving Vehicle 1.

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by some embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the photovoltaic module 2 includes a solar cell 5. There may be one solar cell 5 or more. If there are multiple solar cells 5, they may be connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, where series-parallel connection means that both series and parallel connections are included among the multiple solar cells 5, and can provide high voltage and capacity.

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell provided by some embodiments of the present application, Figure 4 is a schematic enlarged view of the dead zone structure of the solar cell shown in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a schematic enlarged view of the dead zone and reflective portion structure of the solar cell shown in Figure 3.

[0042] As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the solar cell 5 provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of subcells 6, a dead zone 7, a reflector 54, and a packaging module 55. The plurality of subcells 6 are electrically connected to each other. The dead zone 7 is provided between two adjacent subcells 6. The reflector 54 is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7 and is used to reflect incident light that irradiates the dead zone 7. The packaging module 55 is provided on the side of the reflector 54 away from the dead zone 7 and is used to reflect the incident light reflected by the reflector 54 back onto the surface of the subcells 6, thereby converting the incident light into electrical energy.

[0043] The solar cell 5 includes multiple subcells 6, and the multiple subcells 6 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel connections. Series-parallel connection means that the multiple subcells 6 include both series and parallel connections. By providing multiple subcells 6 in the solar cell 5, the performance of the solar cell 5, such as voltage and capacity, can be improved.

[0044] During the process of fabricating multiple subcells 6 in the solar cell 5, a dead zone 7 is formed. The dead zone 7 includes two surfaces facing each other in the thickness direction X of the solar cell 5, one of which faces the packaging module 55, and the other surface is positioned away from the packaging module 55. In Figure 3, the region indicated by reference numeral 7 represents the dead zone, and X represents the thickness direction.

[0045] The reflective portion 54 refers to a member having reflective properties; in other words, when an external light ray is incident on the reflective portion 54, the reflective portion 54 can reflect the incident light. In order to avoid the occurrence of a short circuit between two adjacent subcells 6, the reflective portion 54 must also have insulating properties, thereby separating the two adjacent subcells 6. Specifically, the reflective portion 54 may be manufactured by coating a reflective layer on the surface of an insulating member, or it may be manufactured by directly employing a reflective material having insulating properties. Exemplarily, the reflective layer and reflective material may be manufactured from at least one of reflective powder, titanium dioxide, glass microsphere powder, and insulating reflective wire.

[0046] The reflective portion 54 is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7, and the reflective portion 54 may be provided on a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, or on all of the surface of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55.

[0047] The packaging module 55 is used to package the subcells 6 to form a finished product. The packaging module 55 has a certain reflective performance, and when the reflective part 54 reflects incident light to the packaging module 55, the packaging module 55 continues to reflect the incident light, reflecting some of the incident light to the surface of the subcells 6. This allows the subcells 6 to continue utilizing the light rays from this portion, thereby increasing the light utilization rate of the solar cell 5.

[0048] In some embodiments, the packaging module 55 may include an adhesive film 551 and a cover plate 552, wherein the adhesive film 551 is adhesive and can bond the photoelectric conversion module of the subcell 6 to the cover plate 552. At least one of the adhesive film 551 and the cover plate 552 has reflective properties and can reflect light rays to increase light utilization. Exemplarily, the adhesive film 551 may be an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesive film. As the cover plate 552, a glass cover plate or the like may be used. Selectively, the packaging module 55 may further include other members such as sealing members.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, a reflective portion 54 is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7, and incident light irradiated onto the dead zone 7 is reflected to the packaging module 55 by the reflective action of the reflective portion 54. Furthermore, the packaging module 55 reflects some of the incident light to the surface of the subcell 6, allowing the subcell 6 to perform photoelectric conversion using the light from this portion, thereby further increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 5.

[0050] In some embodiments, the reflective portion 54 covers all surfaces of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, so that incident light irradiated onto the dead zone 7 can be reflected by the reflective portion 54, the incident light irradiated onto the dead zone 7 can be fully utilized, and the light utilization rate of the solar cell 5 can be further increased.

[0051] The surface of the reflective portion 54 facing the packaging module 55 may be flat or curved, and can be provided according to specific process requirements, and is not limited to this in the embodiments of the present application.

[0052] Continuing to refer to Figures 3 to 5, in some embodiments, the reflector 54 has an arc-shaped convex surface 541 that protrudes away from the dead zone 7, and the arc-shaped convex surface 541 can increase the light divergence, so that incident light is reflected to the packaging module 55 along different reflection paths and the amount of incident light that is reflected back to the dead zone 7 after being reflected by the packaging module 55 can be reduced.

[0053] Continuing to refer to Figures 3 to 5, in some embodiments, the subcell 6 includes two opposing ends 61. The dead zone 7 includes a main body 71 and a recess 72, the main body 71 connecting the ends 61 of two adjacent subcells 6, the recess 72 being recessed relative to the main body 71, and a reflector 54 provided in the main body 71 and / or recess 72 that can effectively reflect incident light illuminating the dead zone 7.

[0054] The two ends 61 of the subcell 6 shown in Figures 3 to 5 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction Y. Exemplarily, a plurality of subcells 6 include at least a first subcell and a second subcell. The main body 71 of the dead zone 7 connects the end of the first subcell to the end of the second subcell. The recess 72 of the dead zone 7 is formed recessed relative to the main body 71 toward the substrate 50, and the recess 72 is located close to the end of the second subcell. The Y direction shown in Figure 3 represents the first direction, and the first direction Y is perpendicular to the thickness direction X.

[0055] In some cases, a reflective portion 54 can be provided within the recessed portion 72.

[0056] The presence of a recess in the dead zone allows external water vapor and oxygen to oxidize and corrode the subcell through the dead zone, particularly the recess, degrading the performance of the solar cell and reducing its reliability and stability. In contrast, in the embodiment of the present invention, a reflective portion 54 is provided in the recess 72, and the reflective portion 54 exhibits a certain blocking effect, reducing to some extent the risk of external water vapor and oxygen entering the interior of the subcell 6 through the recess 72, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the solar cell 5. Furthermore, incident external light is reflected by the reflective portion 54 located in the recess 72 and further reflected by the packaging module 55 to the subcell 6, increasing the light utilization rate and further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0057] In another example, a reflective portion 54 can be provided on the surface of the main body 71 of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, which reflects the incident light irradiated onto this portion and increases the utilization rate of light.

[0058] In yet another example, by providing a reflective portion 54 within the recessed portion 72 and also providing a reflective portion 54 on the surface of the main body 71 of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, it is possible not only to prevent external water vapor and oxygen from entering the subcell 6, but also to increase the utilization rate of light.

[0059] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell provided by another embodiment of the present application, and Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the dead zone and reflective portion of the solar cell shown in Figure 6.

[0060] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, selectively, the reflective portion 54 includes a main body portion 542 and an extended portion 543, the main body portion 542 being provided in the recessed portion 72 and the extended portion 543 protruding from the surface of the main body portion 71 toward the packaging module 55. The main body portion 542 can block external water vapor and oxygen from entering the subcell 6, and the protrusion of the extended portion 543 from the main body portion 71 increases the light-receiving area, further increasing the light utilization rate.

[0061] Continuing to refer to Figures 6 and 7, as a few examples, the extended portion 543 may be a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the surface of the rectangular parallelepiped structure facing the packaging module 55 and the two surfaces facing each other along the first direction Y can all reflect incident light, and there are a relatively large number of surfaces that reflect incident light, which can increase the utilization rate of light.

[0062] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another enlarged structure of the dead zone and reflective portion of the solar cell shown in Figure 6.

[0063] As shown in Figure 8, in another example, the extension 543 may have an arc-shaped structure, which has an arc-shaped convex surface 541 that protrudes away from the dead zone 7, and the arc-shaped convex surface 541 can increase the light divergence, which can reduce the amount of incident light that is reflected by the packaging module along different reflection paths and then reflected back into the dead zone after being reflected by the packaging module.

[0064] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application, and Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the dead zone and reflective portion of the solar cell shown in Figure 9.

[0065] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, selectively, the extended portion 543 is located on the surface of the main body 71 facing the packaging module 55. The extended portion 543 is located partly on the surface of the main body 542 facing the packaging module 55 and partly on the surface of the main body 71 facing the packaging module 55, further increasing its light-receiving area and further improving the light utilization rate.

[0066] Continuing to refer to Figures 9 and 10, the solar cell 5 of the embodiment of the present application includes a first electrode layer 51, a photoelectric conversion module 52, and a second electrode layer 53, which are sequentially stacked along its own thickness direction X. The polarities of the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 53 are opposite, and the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 53 are used to draw current. Exemplarily, the first electrode layer 51 is provided close to the substrate 50, and the second electrode layer 53 is provided on the side of the photoelectric conversion module 52 away from the substrate 50. The photoelectric conversion module 52 is used to convert the light energy of incident light into electrical energy. In addition, electrons and holes are generated in the photoelectric conversion module 52 and transported to the electrode layers, respectively.

[0067] Using the example of a case where multiple subcells 6 in a solar cell 5 are connected in series, a specific manufacturing method will be described, which includes the steps of: providing a substrate 50; forming a first electrode layer 51 on the substrate 50 and performing a first scribing on the first electrode layer 51 to form a first perforated portion P1 that penetrates multiple first electrode layers 51; forming a photoelectric conversion module 52 on the side of the first electrode layer 51 away from the substrate 50, and forming a second scribing on the photoelectric conversion module 52. The method includes the steps of forming a plurality of second perforations P2 in the photoelectric conversion module 52 by scribing, forming a second electrode layer 53 extending into the second perforations P2 on the side of the photoelectric conversion module 52 away from the substrate 50, and forming a plurality of third perforations P3 in the second electrode layer 53 and the photoelectric conversion module 52 by performing a third scribing on the second electrode layer 53 and the photoelectric conversion module 52, thereby obtaining a plurality of series-connected subcells 6.

[0068] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion module 52 includes a photoelectric conversion layer 522, which may be a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, a cadmium zinc telluride photoelectric conversion layer, a copper indium gallium selenide photoelectric conversion layer, a copper indium selenide photoelectric conversion layer, or a copper indium gallium sulfur photoelectric conversion layer.

[0069] To enhance electron transport efficiency, the photoelectric conversion module 52 may optionally further include an electron transport layer 523, which is used to transport electrons and can block hole transport, as well as reduce electron-hole coupling and enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0070] To enhance hole transport efficiency, the photoelectric conversion module 52 may optionally further include a hole transport layer 521, which is used to transport holes, block electron transport, and reduce hole-electron coupling, thereby increasing photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0071] Below, the structure of solar cell 5 will be specifically described using the example of solar cell 5 being a perovskite solar cell. Perovskite solar cells may have a cis structure (nip) or a trans structure (pin).

[0072] A cis-structured perovskite solar cell comprises transparent conductive electrodes, an electron transport layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, a hole transport layer, and metal electrodes, which are sequentially stacked along its own thickness direction. For example, the transparent conductive electrodes include indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). The electron transport layer includes a titanium oxide layer, etc. The hole transport layer includes 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), etc. The metal electrodes include a gold layer, a silver layer, or an aluminum layer.

[0073] A trans-structured perovskite solar cell comprises transparent conductive electrodes, a hole transport layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, an electron transport layer, and metal electrodes, which are sequentially stacked along its own thickness direction. Exemplarily, the transparent conductive electrodes include an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer or a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) layer. The hole transport layer includes a PEDOT:PSS layer, where PEDOT represents a polymer of EDOT (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer) and PSS represents polystyrene sulfonic acid. The electron transport layer includes a fullerene derivative ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) layer or a C60 layer. The metal electrodes include a gold layer, a silver layer, or an aluminum layer. The manufacturing process for solar cells of this structure is relatively simple. Figures 9 and 10 show trans-structured perovskite solar cells.

[0074] The specific manufacturing process for a perovskite solar cell with a transformer structure is as follows: We provide the circuit board. Transparent conductive electrodes are formed on the surface of the substrate by magnetron sputtering or chemical means. By performing a first scribing using laser scribing, masking, or exposure, a first perforated portion is formed in a transparent conductive electrode that penetrates multiple transparent conductive electrodes. A hole transport layer is formed on the surface of the transparent conductive electrode that is separated from the substrate by means of magnetron sputtering, chemical deposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD), or coating. A perovskite photoelectric conversion layer is formed on a surface that is separated from the hole transport layer substrate by means of coating, spray coating, spin coating, vapor deposition, or chemical deposition. An electron transport layer is formed on the surface separated from the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer substrate by means of magnetron sputtering, chemical deposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD), or coating. By performing a second scribing using laser scribing, masking, or exposure, multiple second perforations are formed in the hole transport layer, perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, and electron transport layer. Metal electrodes are formed on the surface separated from the electron transport layer substrate by means of magnetron sputtering, chemical deposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD), or coating. A third openwork portion is formed in the metal electrode, hole transport layer, perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, and electron transport layer by performing a third scribing using laser scribing, masking, or exposure.

[0075] Based on the above steps, the positive and negative output terminals may be welded together using conductive tape, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, or welding with a welding agent to form the external output electrodes. Subsequently, an adhesive film is formed on the surface of the metal electrode that is separated from the substrate by radiation, a cover plate glass is placed on the side of the adhesive film that is separated from the substrate, and finally the entire assembly is fed into a laminator or pressure vessel for crimping and packaging.

[0076] Continuing to refer to Figures 9 and 10, in the embodiment of the present application, the first electrode layer 51, the photoelectric conversion module 52, and the second electrode layer 53 are located in part in the region of a plurality of subcells 6 and in part in the dead zone 7. The dead zone 7 includes the region located from the first perforated portion P1 to the third perforated portion P3, the third perforated portion P3 may be a perforated structure, and a reflective portion 54 is provided in the perforated structure.

[0077] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion module 52 located in the dead zone 7 includes a first photoelectric section 711 and a second photoelectric section 712, the first photoelectric section 711 being located on the surface of the first electrode layer 51, and the second photoelectric section 712 connecting the first photoelectric section 711 and the first electrode layer 51. The second electrode layer 53 located in the dead zone 7 includes a first electrode section 713 and a second electrode section 714, the first electrode section 713 being located on the surface of the first photoelectric section 711 away from the first electrode layer 51, the second electrode section 714 connecting the first electrode section 713 and the first electrode layer 51 located in the dead zone 7, and the recessed section 72 penetrates at least the first electrode section 713. The second electrode section 714 is connected to the first electrode layer 51 to realize a series connection between adjacent subcells 6. The manufacturing process for such a structural configuration is simple and low cost. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode layer 51, the photoelectric conversion module 52, and the second electrode layer 53 located in the dead zone 7 constitute the compositional portion of the main body 71 of the dead zone 7.

[0078] The second photoelectric portion 712 is located within the first openwork portion P1, the second electrode portion 714 is located within the second openwork portion P2, and the recessed portion 72 corresponds to the third openwork portion P3. By providing a reflective portion 54 on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7, the process window of the dead zone 7 can be enlarged, which is convenient for large-scale and large-dimension production applications. For example, the requirements for the dimensions of at least one of the first openwork section P1, the second openwork section P2, and the third openwork section P3 are reduced, the line width of the first openwork section P1 is 5um to 100um, the line width of the second openwork section P2 is 10um to 120um, the line width of the third openwork section P3 is 5um to 100um, the adjacent margin from the first openwork section P1 to the second openwork section P2 is 10um to 200um, the adjacent margin from the second openwork section P2 to the third openwork section P3 is 10um to 200um, and the width of the dead zone 7 is 40um to 720um. The line width and pitch of each openwork section can approach the upper limit, significantly widening the process window and reducing the accuracy and cost of the processing equipment.

[0079] The embodiments of this application further provide a method for manufacturing a solar cell.

[0080] Figure 11 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a solar cell provided by some embodiments of the present application, and as shown in Figure 11, the manufacturing method provided by the embodiments of the present application includes S100 to S300.

[0081] In S100, there are multiple subcells that are electrically connected, and a dead zone is provided between two adjacent subcells.

[0082] The specific scribing means for dividing and electrically connecting (e.g., in series) multiple subcells are as described in the above embodiment and will not be explained in detail here.

[0083] In S200, a reflective portion is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone.

[0084] In this step, a reflective portion is formed on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone by means of filling, printing, spray coating, localized curing, or physical deposition.

[0085] In S300, a packaging module is provided that is located on the side away from the dead zone of the reflective section.

[0086] The manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention can be used to manufacture the solar cell of the above embodiment, and in the solar cell manufactured by this method, a reflective portion is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone, which can increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell and increase the reliability and stability of the solar cell.

[0087] Figure 12 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application, and as shown in Figure 12, in some embodiments, step S200 includes S210.

[0088] In S210, the reflective portion is applied to at least a portion of the dead zone surface by means of filling or spray coating. This manufacturing method is simple and increases the light utilization rate of the manufactured solar cell.

[0089] While the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various improvements can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the application, and components therein can be replaced with equivalents. In particular, all technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way, provided that there are no structural conflicts. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, but includes all technical solutions within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0090] X thickness direction Y First direction P1 First openwork section P2 Second openwork section P3 Third openwork section 1 vehicle 2. Photovoltaic Module 3 Controllers 4 motors 5 Solar cells 50 circuit boards 51 First electrode layer 52 Photoelectric Conversion Module 521 Hole transport layer 522 Photoelectric conversion layer 523 Electron transport layer 53 Second electrode layer 54 Reflector 541 Arc-shaped convex surface 542 Main body 543 Extension part 55 Packaging Modules 551 Adhesive film 552 Cover Plate 6 subcells 61 End 7 Dead Zone 71 Main body part 711 First Photoelectric Unit 712 Second photoelectric section 713 First electrode section 714 Second electrode section 72 Recessed area

Claims

1. Multiple electrically connected subcells, A dead zone is provided between two adjacent subcells, A reflective portion is provided on the entire surface of the dead zone facing the packaging module, for reflecting incident light irradiated onto the dead zone, A packaging module provided on the side of the reflective portion away from the dead zone, which reflects the incident light reflected by the reflective portion onto the surface of the subcell to convert the incident light into electrical energy, Includes, The reflective portion is insulating to separate two adjacent subcells, wherein the solar cell.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the reflective portion has an arc-shaped convex surface that protrudes away from the dead zone.

3. Each of the aforementioned subcells includes two opposing ends, The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the dead zone includes a main body and a recessed portion, the main body connecting the ends of two adjacent subcells, the recessed portion being formed recessed to the main body, and the reflective portion being provided in the main body and / or the recessed portion.

4. The solar cell according to claim 3, wherein the reflective portion includes a main body portion and an extended portion, the main body portion is provided in the recessed portion, and the extended portion protrudes from the surface of the main body portion toward the packaging module.

5. The solar cell according to claim 4, wherein the extended portion is located on the surface of the main body facing the packaging module.

6. The main body is, The first electrode layer and A photoelectric conversion module including a first photoelectric unit located on the surface of the first electrode layer and a second photoelectric unit connecting the first photoelectric unit and the first electrode layer, A solar cell according to claim 3, comprising a second electrode layer including a first electrode portion located on a surface of the first photoelectric portion that is separated from the first electrode layer, and a second electrode portion connecting the first electrode portion and the first electrode layer, wherein the recessed portion penetrates at least the first electrode portion.

7. The photoelectric conversion module includes at least a photoelectric conversion layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, The photoelectric conversion module further includes an electron transport layer located between the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer, and / or The solar cell according to claim 6, further comprising a hole transport layer located between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode layer, in the photoelectric conversion module.

8. A photovoltaic module including the solar cell described in claim 1.

9. A power consumption device including the photovoltaic module according to claim 8.

10. To provide a plurality of electrically connected subcells, wherein a dead zone is provided between two adjacent subcells, To provide an insulating reflective portion provided on the entire surface of the dead zone facing the packaging module, for separating two adjacent subcells, To provide a packaging module provided on the side of the reflective portion away from the dead zone, A method for manufacturing solar cells, including the solar cell itself.

11. To provide a reflective portion on the entire surface of the dead zone facing the packaging module, The manufacturing method according to claim 10, comprising applying the reflective portion to the entire surface of the dead zone facing the packaging module by means of filling or spray coating.

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