How a UE operates in relation to unlinking a UE-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system.

Abstract

An embodiment according to the present invention is a method of operating a relay user equipment (UE) related to UE-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, the relay UE establishing a first PC5 link and a second PC5 link with each of a first UE and a second UE; the relay UE transmitting a message related to the establishment of an End-to-End PC5 link transmitted and received between the first UE and the second UE; the relay UE receiving a predetermined message related to the release of the End-to-End PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE from the first UE; the relay UE releasing the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link, including, the predetermined message being a method including a value recognizable at an access stratum (AS) layer of the relay UE.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following description relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method of operating and an apparatus of a UE related to link release of UE-to-UE relay.

Background Art

[0002] Wireless connection systems have been widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless communication system is a multiple access system that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (such as bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, and the like.

[0003] Wireless communication systems utilize various RATs (Radio Access Technologies) such as LTE, LTE-A, and WiFi, and 5G is included in this category. The three main areas of 5G requirements include (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), (2) Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). Some use cases require multiple areas for optimization, while others can focus on just one Key Performance Indicator (KPI). 5G aims to support these diverse use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0004] eMBB goes beyond basic mobile internet access to cover rich bidirectional work, cloud, and augmented reality media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and for the first time in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be seen. In 5G, voice is expected to be processed as an application program using data connectivity provided by the communication system. The main reasons for the increased traffic volume are the increasing size of content and the increasing number of applications that demand high data transmission rates. Streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet connectivity will be used more widely as more devices are connected to the internet. Such many applications require connectivity that is always on to push real-time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing on mobile communication platforms, and this can be applied to both business and entertainment. Cloud storage is also a special use case that drives the growth of uplink data transmission rates. 5G will also be used for cloud-based remote work, and when haptic interfaces are used, it requires very low end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. Entertainment, such as cloud gaming and video streaming, is another core factor increasing the demand for high-bandwidth mobile capabilities. Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets everywhere, including in highly mobile environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Further use cases include augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment. Here, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0005] Another anticipated use case for 5G is its ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all sectors, namely mMTC (Mechanical Microcontroller). It is predicted that the number of potential IoT devices will reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one area where 5G will play a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utility, agriculture, and security infrastructure.

[0006] URLLCs include new services that will transform industries with ultra-reliable / available low-latency links for remote control of key infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. Reliability and latency levels are essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control and coordination.

[0007] Next, we will explain several usage examples in more detail.

[0008] 5G is a means of delivering streams rated at hundreds of megabytes to gigabytes per second, complementing FTTH (fiber-to-the-home) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such high speeds are required not only for virtual and augmented reality but also for transmitting TV at resolutions of 4K and above (6K, 8K and beyond). VR (Virtual Reality) and AR (Augmented Reality) applications include almost immersive sports competitions. Certain application programs may require special network configurations. For example, in the case of VR games, game developers need to integrate core servers with network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0009] Automotive applications, along with numerous use cases for mobile communications within vehicles, are expected to be a significant new driving force in 5G. For example, passenger entertainment demands high simultaneous capacity and high mobile broadband bandwidth, as future users expect high-quality connectivity regardless of their location and speed. Another application in the automotive sector is augmented reality dashboards, which overlay information onto the driver's front windshield, identifying objects in the dark and informing the driver of their distance and movement. Future wireless modules will enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure structures, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanying pedestrians). Safety systems can reduce the risk of accidents by guiding drivers to alternative routes for safer driving. The next stage will be remotely controlled, or self-driven, vehicles. This requires extremely reliable and very fast communication between different self-driven vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, self-driven vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will only need to focus on traffic anomalies that the vehicle itself cannot identify. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high-speed reliability to increase traffic safety to a level unattainable by humans.

[0010] Smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as smart societies, are embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of intelligent sensors identify conditions related to the cost- and energy-efficient maintenance of cities or homes. Similar setups are implemented for individual households. Temperature sensors, window and heating controls, burglar alarms, and household appliances are all wirelessly connected. Most of these sensors typically have low data transmission speeds, low power consumption, and low costs. However, real-time HD video, for example, is required for certain types of devices for surveillance.

[0011] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is highly decentralized, requiring automated control of distributed sensor networks. Smart grids use digital information and communication technologies to interconnect such sensors, collecting information and enabling them to function. Because this information includes the behavior of suppliers and consumers, smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels like electricity in an efficient, reliable, economical, sustainable, and automated manner. Smart grids can also be seen as other low-latency sensor networks.

[0012] In the healthcare sector, there are many application programs that benefit from mobile communication. The communication system supports telemedicine, providing clinical care in remote locations. This overcomes the barrier of distance, improving access to medical services that are not sustainably available in remote rural areas. It can also be used to save lives in critical medical and emergency situations. Wireless sensor networks based on mobile communication can provide remote monitoring and sensing for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0013] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with wireless links presents an attractive opportunity in many industrial sectors. However, achieving this requires wireless connectivity to operate with the same latency, reliability, and capacity as cables, and to be easy to manage. Low latency and extremely low error rates are new requirements that need to be met when connecting to 5G.

[0014] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications that use location-based information systems to enable inventory and package tracking anywhere. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require low data speeds but wide range and reliable location information.

[0015] Wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that share available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.) to support communication with multiple users. Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, and MC-FDMA (multi-carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

[0016] Sidelink (SL) is a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UEs), allowing for the direct exchange of voice or data between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is one solution to the burden on base stations caused by rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0017] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure via wired or wireless communication. V2X is divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication is provided through the PC5 interface and / or the Uu interface.

[0018] On the other hand, as more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs) is emerging. This has led to discussions about communication systems that take into account reliability and latency-sensitive services or terminals. Next-generation radio access technologies that consider such improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) are called new RATs (new radio access technology) or NRs (new radio). V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication can also be supported in NRs.

[0019] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between V2X communication based on RAT (pre-NR) and V2X communication based on NR.

[0020] In relation to V2X communication, prior to the NR (New Reporting Authority), RAT (Resource Analysis and Technology) discussed proposals for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as BSM (Basic Safety Message), CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message), and DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message). V2X messages include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal can send a CAM of the periodic message type and / or a DENM of the event-triggered message type to another terminal.

[0021] For example, a CAM includes dynamic vehicle status information such as direction and speed, static vehicle data such as dimensions, and basic vehicle information such as external lighting status and route details. For example, a terminal can broadcast a CAM, and the delay of a CAM is less than 100ms. For example, in the event of an emergency such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, a terminal can generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of a terminal can receive both a CAM and / or a DENM. In this case, the DENM has a higher priority than the CAM.

[0022] Subsequently, various V2X scenarios related to V2X communication are defined in NR. For example, these various V2X scenarios include vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, enhanced sensors, and remote driving.

[0023] For example, vehicles dynamically form groups and move together based on a convoy of vehicles. For example, to perform platoon operations based on a convoy of vehicles, vehicles belonging to the group receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles belonging to the group can use the periodic data to reduce or increase the distance between vehicles.

[0024] For example, based on improved driving, vehicles can be semi-automated or fully automated. Each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data obtained from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. For example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0025] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data, processed data, or live video data obtained by local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical elements, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Therefore, for example, a vehicle can recognize an environment that is better than the environment that can be sensed using its own sensors.

[0026] For example, based on remote driving, for a person who cannot drive or a remote vehicle located in a dangerous environment, a remote driver or a V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle. For example, when the route can be predicted, such as in public transportation, cloud computing-based driving is used for the operation or control of the remote vehicle. For example, a connection to a cloud-based back-end service platform is considered for remote driving.

[0027] On the other hand, solutions for specifying service requirements for various V2X scenarios such as platooning vehicles, enhanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving are being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0028] This disclosure takes as technical problems messages for link release of UE-to-UE relay, link release procedures, and the like.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0029] One embodiment is a method for operating a relay user equipment (UE) related to a UE-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: the relay UE establishing a first PC5 link and a second PC5 link with a first UE and a second UE, respectively; the relay UE transmitting a message related to the establishment of an End-to-End PC5 link transmitted between the first UE and the second UE; the relay UE receiving a predetermined message from the first UE related to the disabling of the End-to-End PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE; and the relay UE disabling the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link, wherein the predetermined message includes a value recognizable at the Access Stratum (AS) layer of the relay UE.

[0030] One embodiment is a relay UE device in a wireless communication system, comprising at least one processor and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform an operation, wherein the operation includes the relay UE establishing a first PC5 link and a second PC5 link with each of a first UE and a second UE, the relay UE transmitting a message relating to the establishment of an End-to-End PC5 link transmitted and received between the first UE and the second UE, the relay UE receiving a predetermined message from the first UE relating to the disabling of the End-to-End PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE, and the relay UE disabling the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link, wherein the predetermined message includes a value recognizable at the Access Stratum (AS) layer of the relay UE.

[0031] The method for disconnecting the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link is performed after the disconnection of the End-to-End PC5 link.

[0032] A method for disabling the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link, wherein the upper layer of the relay UE decodes the predetermined message transmitted from the AS layer.

[0033] The predetermined message is sent based on the first UE sending a message instructing the disconnection of the End-to-End PC5 link.

[0034] The method for releasing the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link includes releasing the bearer, bearer mapping information, and measurement settings for the UE-to-UE relay.

[0035] One embodiment is a method for operating a first user device (UE) related to a UE-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, comprising: the first UE establishing a first PC5 link with the relay UE; the first UE sending a message to the second UE relating to the establishment of an End-to-End PC5 link via the relay UE; and the first UE sending a predetermined message to the relay UE relating to the disabling of the End-to-End PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE, wherein the predetermined message includes a value recognizable at the access layer (AS) layer of the relay UE, and the first PC5 link is disabling by the relay UE upon receiving the predetermined message.

[0036] The first PC5 link is disconnected after the End-to-End PC5 link is disconnected.

[0037] The predetermined message is sent based on the first UE sending a message instructing the disconnection of the End-to-End PC5 link.

[0038] The release of the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link includes the release of the bearer, bearer mapping information, and measurement settings for the UE-to-UE relay. [Effects of the Invention]

[0039] According to one embodiment, in UE-to-UE relay operation, the problem that the relay UE must continue to maintain the PC5 link with each UE because the PC5-S release message sent and received for the release of the end-to-end SL link between the source remote UE and the target remote UE cannot be recognized can be resolved. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0040] The drawings accompanying this specification are intended to aid in understanding the embodiments, illustrating various examples and explaining the principles in conjunction with the description in the specification.

[0041] [Figure 1] This diagram illustrates the comparison between V2X communication based on RAT (Remote Access Technology) prior to NR (New Rating) and V2X communication based on NR. [Figure 2] This figure shows the structure of an LTE system according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 3] This figure shows a radio protocol architecture for a user plane and a control plane according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 4] This figure shows the structure of an NR system according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 5] This figure shows a functional partition between NG-RAN and 5GC according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 6] This figure shows the structure of a wireless NR frame to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 7] This figure shows the slot structure of an NR frame according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 8] This figure shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 9]This figure shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 10] This figure shows a V2X synchronization source or synchronization reference according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 11] This diagram shows an embodiment of the disclosure, illustrating the procedure by which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication depending on the transmission mode. [Figure 12] This diagram illustrates the procedure by which a terminal performs path switching, according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 13] This diagram illustrates the switching from a direct path to an indirect path. [Figure 14] This is a diagram illustrating UE-to-UE relay selection. [Figure 15] This is a diagram illustrating UE-to-UE relay selection. [Figure 16] This diagram illustrates the protocol stack for a UE-to-UE relay. [Figure 17] This is a diagram illustrating an example. [Figure 18] This is a diagram illustrating an example. [Figure 19] This is a diagram illustrating an example. [Figure 20] This is a diagram illustrating an example. [Figure 21] This diagram illustrates various devices to which the embodiments can be applied. [Figure 22] This diagram illustrates various devices to which the embodiments can be applied. [Figure 23] This diagram illustrates various devices to which the embodiments can be applied. [Figure 24] This diagram illustrates various devices to which the embodiments can be applied. [Figure 25] This diagram illustrates various devices to which the embodiments can be applied. [Figure 26] This diagram illustrates various devices to which the embodiments can be applied. [Figure 27] This diagram illustrates various devices to which the embodiments can be applied. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0042] In various embodiments of the present invention, " / " and "," indicate "and / or". For example, "A / B" means "A and / or B". Similarly, "A, B" also means "A and / or B". "A / B / C" means "any one of A, B and / or C". Similarly, "A, B, C" also means "any one of A, B and / or C".

[0043] In various embodiments of the present invention, "or" indicates "and / or". For example, "A or B" includes "A only", "B only", and / or "both A and B". In other words, "or" can be interpreted as "furthermore or alternatively".

[0044] The following technologies can be used in various wireless connectivity systems such as CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access). CDMA can be implemented using radio technology such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technology such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technology such as IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE802-20, and E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP® (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) which uses E-UTRA, employing OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE-A (Advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0045] 5G NR is a technology that follows LTE-A and is a new clean-slate mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectral resources, from the low-frequency band below 1 GHz to the intermediate-frequency band between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and the high-frequency (millimeter wave) band above 24 GHz.

[0046] For a clearer explanation, the description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical concept of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to these.

[0047] Figure 2 shows the structure of an LTE system according to one embodiment of the present invention. This is also called E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0048] Referring to Figure 2, E-UTRAN includes a base station 20 that provides a control plane and a user plane to terminal 10. Terminal 10 can be fixed or mobile and is also referred to as MS (mobile station), UT (user terminal), SS (Subscriber station), MT (mobile terminal), or wireless device. Generally, base station 20 is a fixed station that communicates with terminal 10 and is also referred to as eNB (evolved NodE-B), BTS (base transceiver system), or AP (access point).

[0049] The base stations 20 are connected to each other via the X2 interface. The base stations 20 are connected to the EPC (evolved Packet core, 30) via the S1 interface, more specifically to the MME (mobility management entity) via S1-MME, and to the S-GW (Serving Gateway) via S1-U.

[0050] EPC30 consists of an MME, S-GW, and P-GW (Packet data network gateway). The MME holds information about terminal connectivity and terminal capabilities, and this information is primarily used for terminal mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with PDN (Packet Data Network) as its endpoint.

[0051] The wireless interface protocol layers between a terminal and a network are classified into three layers (L1, L2, and L3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model known in communication systems. Of these, the physical layer belonging to L1 provides information transmission services using physical channels, and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer belonging to L3 controls wireless resources between the terminal and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0052] Figure 3(a) shows a radio protocol architecture for a user plane according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3(b) shows a wireless protocol structure for a control plane according to one embodiment of the present invention. The user plane is a protocol stack for transmitting user data, and the control plane is a protocol stack for transmitting control signals.

[0054] Referring to Figures 3(a) and A3, the physical layer provides information transmission services to the higher layer using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the higher layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, via a transport channel. Data moves between the MAC layer and the physical layer via the transport channel. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted via the wireless interface.

[0055] Data travels between different physical layers, specifically between the transmitter and receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel is modulated using OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), utilizing time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0056] The MAC layer provides services to the higher-level RLC (radio link control) layer via logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transmit channels. It also provides logical channel multiplexing functionality by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transmit channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0057] The RLC hierarchy performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs (Serving Data Units). To ensure the various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of radio bearers (RBs), the RLC hierarchy provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through ARQ (automatic repeat request).

[0058] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined solely in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmit channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to the logical paths provided by the first layer (physical layer or PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0059] The functions of the PDCP hierarchy in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and encryption. The functions of the PDCP hierarchy in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0060] Setting up a Radio Bearing (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol hierarchy and channels in order to provide a specific service, and setting the specific parameters and operating methods for each. An RB is further divided into two parts: SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer) and DRB (Data Radio Bearer). The SRB is used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and the DRB is used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0061] When an RRC concatenation is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the terminal enters the RRC_CONNECTED state; otherwise, it enters the RRC_IDLE state. In the case of NR, an RRC_INACTIVE state is further defined, where a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state maintains its connection to the core network but can release its connection to the base station.

[0062] In a network, downlink transmission channels for sending data to terminals include the BCH (Broadcast Channel) for sending system information and the downlink SCH (Shared Channel) for sending user traffic and control messages. Downlink multicast or block service traffic or control messages are sent via the downlink SCH or via another downlink MCH (Multicast Channel). On the other hand, uplink transmission channels for sending data from terminals to the network include the RACH (Random Access Channel) for sending initial control messages and the uplink SCH (Shared Channel) for sending user traffic and control messages.

[0063] Logical channels that are higher in level than the transmission channel and are mapped to the transmission channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0064] A physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A single subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit consisting of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. Each subframe can also use a specific subcarrier of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of that subframe for the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), i.e., the L1 / L2 control channel. The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is the unit time for subframe transmission.

[0065] Figure 4 shows the structure of an NR system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Referring to Figure 4, the NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network) includes gNBs (next generation-Node BF cells) and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to terminals. Figure 4 illustrates the case where only gNBs are included. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to each other by Xn interfaces. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) by NG interfaces. More specifically, they are connected to the AMF (access and mobility management function) by NG-C interfaces and to the UPF (user plane function) by NG-U interfaces.

[0067] Figure 5 shows a functional partition between NG-RAN and 5GC according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Referring to Figure 5, gNB provides functions such as Inter Cell RRM, RB control, Connection Mobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement Configuration & Provision, and Dynamic Resource Allocation. AMF provides functions such as NAS (Non-Access Stratum) security and idle mobility handling. UPF provides functions such as Mobility Anchoring and PDU (Protocol Data Unit) processing. SMF (Session Management Function) provides functions such as terminal IP (Internet Protocol) address assignment and PDU section control.

[0069] Figure 6 shows the structure of a wireless NR frame to which an embodiment of the present invention can be applied.

[0070] Referring to Figure 6, in NR, radio frames are used for uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined by two 5 ms Half-frames (HF). Each Half-frame contains five 1 ms Subframes (SF). Each Subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a Subframe depends on the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols by a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0071] When normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0072] Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot (N) when a general CP is used, based on the SCS settings (μ). slot symbol ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0073] [Table 1]

[0074] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe when extended CP is used, as determined by SCS.

[0075] [Table 2]

[0076] In an NR system, OFDM(A) pneumatics (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured to differ between multiple cells merged into a single terminal. This ensures that the (absolute time) intervals of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or TTIs) (commonly referred to as TUs (Time Units) for convenience) consisting of the same number of symbols differ between the merged cells.

[0077] In NR, numerous pneumatics or SCSs are supported to assist various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15kHz, wide area coverage in the traditional cellular band is supported; if the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, dense-urban coverage, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth are supported. If the SCS is 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz are supported to overcome phase noise.

[0078] An NR frequency band is defined by two types of frequency ranges: FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of these frequency ranges are variable; for example, the two types of frequency ranges are shown in Table 3 below. In NR systems, FR1 refers to the "sub 6GHz range," and FR2 refers to the "above 6GHz range," also known as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0079] [Table 3]

[0080] As mentioned above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system are changeable. For example, FR1 includes a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 includes frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands are used for various purposes, for example, for vehicle communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0081] [Table 4]

[0082] Figure 7 shows the slot structure of an NR frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] Referring to Figure 7, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a general CP, one slot contains 14 symbols, while in the case of an extended CP, one slot contains 12 symbols. Or, in the case of a general CP, one slot contains 7 symbols, while in the case of an extended CP, one slot contains 6 symbols.

[0084] A carrier wave contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Physical Wave Point (BWP) is defined as multiple consecutive Physical RBs (PRB) in the frequency domain and corresponds to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier wave contains up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed using activated BWPs. Each element is called a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0085] On the other hand, the wireless interface between terminals or between a terminal and the network consists of L1, L2, and L3 layers. In various embodiments of the present invention, L1 layer refers to the physical layer. L2 layer refers to, for example, one of the MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and SDAP layer. L3 layer refers to, for example, the RRC layer.

[0086] The following describes V2X or SL (Sidelink) communication.

[0087] Figure 8 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 8(a) shows the user plane protocol stack of LTE, and Figure 8(b) shows the control plane protocol stack of LTE.

[0088] Figure 9 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 9(a) shows the user plane protocol stack for NR, and Figure 9(b) shows the control plane protocol stack for NR.

[0089] Figure 10 shows a V2X synchronization source or synchronization reference according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] Referring to Figure 10, in V2X, terminals are either directly synchronized to GNSS (global navigation satellite systems) or indirectly synchronized to GNSS by terminals directly synchronized to GNSS (either within or outside network coverage). When GNSS is set as the synchronization source, terminals calculate the DFN and subframe numbers using UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) and a (pre-configured) DFN (Direct Frame Number) offset.

[0091] Alternatively, a terminal may be directly synchronized to a base station or to another terminal whose time / frequency is synchronized to the base station. For example, the base station may be an eNB or gNB. For example, if a terminal is within network coverage, the terminal receives synchronization information provided by the base station and is directly synchronized to the base station. The terminal then provides the synchronization information to other adjacent terminals. If base station timing is set as the synchronization criterion, the terminal follows the cell associated with that frequency (if within cell coverage at that frequency), the primary cell, or the serving cell (if outside cell coverage at that frequency) for synchronization and downlink measurement.

[0092] A base station (e.g., a serving cell) provides synchronization settings for the carrier used for V2X or SL communication. In this case, the terminal follows the synchronization settings received from the base station. If the terminal does not detect any cells on the carrier used for V2X or SL communication and does not receive any synchronization settings from a serving cell, the terminal follows the pre-configured synchronization settings.

[0093] Alternatively, the terminal may be synchronized with another terminal that could not obtain synchronization information directly or indirectly from a base station or GNSS. The synchronization source and preference are pre-configured on the terminal. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference are configured by control messages provided by the base station.

[0094] The SL synchronization source is related to the synchronization priority. For example, the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority is defined as shown in Table 14 or Table 15. Tables 5 or 6 are just examples, and the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority can be defined in various ways.

[0095] [Table 5]

[0096] [Table 6]

[0097] In Table 5 or Table 6, P0 represents the highest priority and P6 represents the lowest priority. In Table 5 or Table 6, a base station includes at least one of either a gNB or an eNB.

[0098] Whether to use GNSS-based synchronization or base station-based synchronization is (pre-configured). In single-carrier operation, the terminal derives its transmission timing from the available synchronization criterion with the highest priority.

[0099] The following describes the Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SLSS) and synchronization information.

[0100] SLSS includes PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) as SL-specific sequences. PSSS is called S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and SSSS is called S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences are used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences are used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal uses S-PSS to detect the initial signal and acquire synchronization. For example, a terminal uses S-PSS and S-SSS to acquire detailed synchronization and detect the synchronization signal ID.

[0101] The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) is a broadcast channel that transmits fundamental system information that terminals must know first before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, this fundamental information includes information about SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool information, application type for SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For example, to evaluate the performance of the PSBCH, in NR V2X, the PSBCH payload size is 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0102] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH are included in block formats that support periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). S-SSB has the same pneumatics (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) within the carrier, and its transmission bandwidth is within a (pre-configured) SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of S-SSB is 11RB (Resource Block). For example, PSBCH spans 11RB. Also, the frequency position of S-SSB is (pre-configured). Therefore, terminals do not need to perform hypothesis detection at a frequency to find S-SSB in the carrier.

[0103] On the other hand, in an NR SL system, multiple pneumatics with different SCS and / or CP lengths are supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource available to the transmitting terminal for transmitting S-SSBs decreases. This reduces S-SSB coverage. Therefore, to ensure S-SSB coverage, the transmitting terminal sends one or more S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within a single S-SSB transmission cycle, depending on the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal sends to the receiving terminal within a single S-SSB transmission cycle is either pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission cycle is 160ms. For example, a 160ms S-SSB transmission cycle is supported for all SCSs.

[0104] For example, if the SCS is 15kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal will transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 30kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal will transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 60kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal will transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle.

[0105] Figure 11 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication by transmission mode according to one embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment in Figure 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of the present invention, the transmission mode is also called a mode or resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, in LTE the transmission mode is also called the LTE transmission mode, and in NR the transmission mode is also called the NR resource allocation mode.

[0106] For example, Figure 11(a) shows terminal operation related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. For example, Figure 11(a) shows terminal operation related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0107] For example, Figure 11(b) shows terminal operation related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Or, for example, Figure 11(b) shows terminal operation related to NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0108] Referring to Figure 11(a), in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the base station schedules the SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S8000, the base station transmits information related to the SL resources and / or UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources include the PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources are resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0109] For example, the first terminal receives information from the base station regarding DG (dynamic grant) resources and / or CG (configured grant) resources. For example, CG resources include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In this description, DG resources are resources that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI (downlink control information). In this description, CG resources are (periodic) resources that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station sends an RRC message containing information about the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station sends an RRC message containing information about the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station sends DCI regarding the activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0110] In step S8010, the first terminal transmits a PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on resource scheduling. In step S8020, the first terminal transmits a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S8030, the first terminal receives a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) is received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S8040, the first terminal transmits / reports the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station is information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information reported to the base station is information generated by the first terminal based on pre-configured rules. For example, DCI is DCI for SL scheduling. For example, the DCI format is DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1. Table 7 shows an example of DCI for SL scheduling.

[0111] [Table 7]

[0112] Referring to Figure 11(b), in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, the terminal determines the SL transmission resource from the SL resources set by the base station / network or from the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or pre-configured SL resources are a resource pool. For example, the terminal autonomously selects or schedules resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal selects resources from the set resource pool and performs SL communication. For example, the terminal performs sensing and resource (re)selection procedures and selects resources from the selection window. For example, this sensing is performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S8010, the first terminal, which has selected resources from the resource pool, uses these resources to transmit PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal. In step S8020, the first terminal transmits PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S8030, the first terminal receives a PSFCH related to PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0113] Referring to Figure 11(a) or (b), for example, the first terminal transmits an SCI over the PSCCH to the second terminal. Or, for example, the first terminal transmits two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) over the PSCCH and / or PSSCH to the second terminal. In this case, the second terminal decodes the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this description, the SCI transmitted over the PSCCH is referred to as the 1st SCI, first SCI, 1st-stage SCI, or 1st-stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted over the PSSCH is referred to as the 2nd SCI, second SCI, 2nd-stage SCI, or 2nd-stage SCI format. For example, the 1st-stage SCI format includes SCI format 1-A, and the 2nd-stage SCI format includes SCI format 2-A and / or SCI format 2-B. Table 8 shows an example of a 1st-stage SCI format.

[0114] [Table 8]

[0115] Table 9 shows an example of a 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0116] [Table 9]

[0117] Referring to Figure 11(a) or (b), in step S8030, the first terminal receives the PSFCH based on Table 10. For example, the first and second terminals determine the PSFCH resources based on Table 10, and the second terminal uses the PSFCH resources to send HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0118] [Table 10]

[0119] Referring to Figure 11(a), in step S8040, the first terminal transmits SLHARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH based on Table 11.

[0120] [Table 11]

[0121] On the other hand, Table 12 below shows the contents of the selection and reselection of side link relay UE disclosed in 3GPP TS 36.331. The contents of Table 12 are used as prior art in the present invention, and necessary details relating thereto should be referred to 3GPP TS 36.331.

[0122] [Table 12]

[0123] Figure 12 illustrates the connection management and direct-to-indirect path switching process captured in the TR document (3GPP TR 38.836) for Rel-17 NR SL. The remote UE must configure the network and its own PDU session / DRB before transmitting user plane data.

[0124] The procedure for configuring the PC5 unicast link on the PC5-RRC side of the Rel-16 NR V2X is reused to allow the remote UE to configure a secure unicast link for L2 UE-to-Network relaying between the relay UEs before the remote UE establishes a Uu RRC connection with the network via the relay UE.

[0125] For both in-coverage and out-of-coverage, once the remote UE initiates the first RRC message for connection setup with the gNB, the PC5 L2 configuration for transmission between the remote UE and the UE-to-Network Relay UE is based on the RLC / MAC configuration defined in the standard. The establishment of the remote UE's Uu SRB1 / SRB2 and DRB follows the legacy Uu configuration procedure for L2 UE-to-Network Relay.

[0126] The procedure for configuring higher-level connectivity shown in Figure 12 applies to L2 UE-to-Network Relay.

[0127] In step S1200, the remote and relay UE perform a search procedure, and in step S1201, the PC5-RRC connection is set up based on the conventional Rel-16 procedure.

[0128] In step S1202, the remote UE uses the basic L2 configuration of the PC5 to send the first RRC message (i.e., RRCSetupRequest) for connection setup with the gNB via the relay UE. The gNB responds to the remote UE with an RRC setup message (S1203). RRCSetup propagation to the remote UE uses the basic configuration of the PC5. If the relay UE is not initiated from RRC_CONNECTED, it must perform its own connection setup when it receives a message for the basic L2 configuration of the PC5. Details of how the relay UE propagates the RRCSetupRequest / RRCSetup message to the remote UE in this step are discussed in step WI.

[0129] In step S1204, the gNB and relay UE perform the relay channel configuration procedure via Uu. Depending on the gNB configuration, the relay / remote UE configures an RLC channel via PC5 to relay SRB1 to the remote UE. This step prepares the relay channel for SRB1.

[0130] In step S1205, the remote UE SRB1 message (e.g., the RRCSetupComplete message) is sent by PC5 to the gNB via the relay UE using the SRB1 relay channel. The remote UE is also RRC-connected by Uu.

[0131] In step S1206, the remote UE and gNB set security according to legacy procedures, and the security message is transmitted via the relay UE.

[0132] In step S1210, the gNB establishes an additional RLC channel between the gNB and the relay UE for traffic relay. Depending on the gNB configuration, the relay / remote UE establishes an additional RLC channel between the remote UE and the relay UE for traffic relay. The gNB sends an RRCReconfiguration to the remote UE via the relay UE to configure the relay SRB2 / DRB. The remote UE sends an RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the relay UE as a response.

[0133] In addition to the linking configuration procedure, for L2 UE-to-Network relays:

[0134] - The procedures for RRC reconfiguration and RRC deconnection reuse the legacy RRC procedures, along with the message content / configuration design left in the WI step.

[0135] - The RRC coupling reset and RRC coupling restart procedures reuse the conventional RRC procedures as a baseline, taking into account the aforementioned L2 UE-to-Network Relay coupling setup procedures, to handle relay-specific parts along with message content / configuration design. Message content / configuration will be defined in the future.

[0136] Figure 13 shows an example of a direct-to-indirect path switchover. When a remote UE switches to an indirect relay UE for the continuity of service in an L2 UE-to-Network Relay, the procedure in Figure 13 is followed.

[0137] Referring to Figure 13, in step S1301, after the remote UE measures / discovers candidate relay UEs, the remote UE reports one or more candidate relay UEs. The remote UE filters the relay UEs that meet the higher-level criteria during reporting. The report includes the relay UE ID and SL RSRP information, which will be used to determine the details regarding the PC5 measurement in the future.

[0138] In step S1302, the gNB decides to switch to the target relay UE, and the target (re)configuration is selectively sent to the relay UE.

[0139] In step S1304, the RRC reconfiguration message to the remote UE includes the ID of the target relay UE, the target Uu, and the PC5 configuration.

[0140] In step S1305, if the coupling has not yet been set up, the remote UE sets up the coupling between the target relay UE and PC5.

[0141] In step S1306, the remote UE uses the target configuration provided by RRCReconfiguration to feed back RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the target path.

[0142] In step S1307, the data path is switched.

[0143] Tables 13 to 16 are 3GPP technical reports on UE-to-UE relay selection, which are used as prior art in relation to the content of this disclosure. Figure 14 in Table 14 and Figure 15 in Table 16 correspond to Figures 14 and 15, respectively.

[0144] [Table 13]

[0145] [Table 14]

[0146] [Table 15]

[0147] [Table 16]

[0148] SL RRC messages do not include release messages. That is, sidelink releases can be performed at the upper layer using PC5-S release messages, but there is no action at the AS layer to release sidelinks. A UE that has sent and received a PC5-S release message at the upper layer can command the AS layer to perform a release action and release related SL information (e.g., bearer information).

[0149] However, in UE-to-UE relay operation, once a connection is established between remote UE1 and remote UE2 via the relay UE, the upper layers of the relay UE do not participate in the relay operation, as can be seen from the protocol stack related to the UE-to-UE relay UE shown in Figure 16. Therefore, when remote UE1 or remote UE2 sends / receives a PC5-S release message, the AS layers of remote UE1 and remote UE2 can release information about the connection according to the instructions of the upper layers, but it is unclear whether the AS layer of the relay UE can release the PC5-S connection (with UE1 and UE2 respectively). Specifically, for example, in UE-to-UE relay operation, PC5-S release messages sent and received to release the end-to-end SL setting between the source remote UE and the target remote UE are not recognized by the relay UE, resulting in the problem that the relay UE must continue to maintain the PC5 link with each UE.

[0150] Therefore, the following proposes a method for releasing the relay UEs when remote UE1 and / or remote UE2 release the transmit / receive operations related to the relay.

[0151] In one embodiment, the relay UE establishes the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link with the first UE and the second UE respectively (S1701 in Figure 17), and transmits messages related to the establishment of the End-to-End PC5 link to be sent and received between the first UE and the second UE (S1702).

[0152] The relay UE receives a predetermined message from the first UE relating to the release of the end-to-end PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE (S1703), and the relay UE releases the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link (S1704).

[0153] Here, the predetermined message includes a value recognizable at the Access Stratum (AS) layer of the relay UE. The first and second PC5 links are released after the End-to-End PC5 link is released. The release of the first and second PC5 links is based on the upper layer of the relay UE decoding the predetermined message transmitted from the AS layer. The predetermined message is transmitted based on the first UE sending a message instructing the End-to-End PC5 link to be released, and the release of the first and second PC5 links includes the release of the bearer, bearer mapping information, and measurement settings for the UE-to-UE relay.

[0154] In other words, in the upper layers of UE1 / UE2, for PC5-S messages (e.g., PC5-S release messages) that the upper layers of the relay UE should receive (and / or decode), the AS layer of UE1 / UE2 sends an indication to the relay UE using a value that is recognizable at the AS layer.

[0155] Specifically, the upper layers of UE1 / UE2 may instruct the AS layer to send a particular PC5-S message. For example, when a remote UE1 (or UE2) sends a PC5-S release message to a remote UE2 (or UE1) via a relay UE, the UE1 (or UE2) AS layer can instruct the relay UE's AS layer, and upon recognizing this instruction, the relay UE's AS layer can carry up the received message to its upper layer. The relay UE's upper layer decodes the message, and if it is a PC5-S release message, it may release the values ​​configured for the relay operation (executing release-related operational commands to the AS layer). In other words, this is a method of instructing the relay UE's upper layer to receive messages, separate from the messages it should receive during UE-to-UE relay operation.

[0156] Thus, in UE-to-UE relay operation, link release between the source remote UE and the target remote UE can be performed by the source remote UE prioritizing the release of the end-to-end SL setting, followed by releases of the SL setting for each hop. Furthermore, if a 1:N bearer mapping is applied, when an end-to-end SL setting release is performed, an SL RRC operation can be performed to release only the relevant settings at each hop. Here, as mentioned above, the upper layer of the relay UE cannot recognize messages for link releases between UEs. Therefore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, by sending release messages related to the AS layer, the upper layer of the relay UE can recognize the release messages (via the AS layer), and the relay can release the PC5 link and the second PC5 link. This solves the problem in UE-to-UE relay operation where PC5-S release messages sent and received for the release of the end-to-end SL setting between the source remote UE and the target remote UE cannot be recognized by the relay UE, and the relay UE must continue to maintain the PC5 links with each UE.

[0157] The (PC5-S) messages for the operation of the UE-to-UE relay UE, such as discovery / discovery solicitation / DCR / DCA, include whether or not to support UE-to-UE relaying. The message may also indicate whether to support L2 UE-to-UE relaying, L3 UE-to-UE relaying, or both. In relation to the above description, the link release procedure is governed by the method described in the SL coupling and release section below.

[0158] As another example, if the AS layer of a remote UE has been instructed by a higher layer to release information related to relay operation (e.g., information release such as bearer / LCH related to the relay), it can send a release instruction to the relay UE if the release information is related to relay communication. Alternatively, such a release instruction may be configured to be sent from the higher layer to the relay UE. Upon receiving this, the relay UE can release the information used for the relay operation (e.g., bearer and bearer mapping information, measurement settings for UE-to-UE relay, etc.). The aforementioned release instruction may be included in information decodeable at the SRAP (Sidelink Relay Adaptation Protocol) layer for UE-to-UE relay (e.g., the SRAP layer header). Such information for the relay UE's release may be transmitted via MAC CE (in which case the relay UE may receive the same message from remote UE1 and UE2).

[0159] As another example, the upper layer of Remote UE1, upon receiving a PC5-S release message, may also send a message (or instruction) to the relay UE instructing it to release the configuration for relay operation between Remote UE1 and Remote UE2. Upon receiving this message, the relay UE can release the UE-to-UE relay configuration associated with the sending remote UE. The release instruction may be a value included in the SRAP layer (SRAP header), and the message may be a value processed by the relay UE rather than being forwarded to the other remote UE. (Only remote UEs that receive a PC5-S release message send a release instruction to the relay UE.)

[0160] In the above description, the relay UE device includes at least one processor and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform an operation, the operation including the relay UE establishing a first PC5 link and a second PC5 link with each of the first UE and the second UE, the relay UE transmitting messages relating to the establishment of an End-to-End PC5 link transmitted and received between the first UE and the second UE, the relay UE receiving a predetermined message from the first UE relating to the disabling of the End-to-End PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE, and the relay UE disabling the first PC5 link and the second PC5 link, the predetermined message including a value recognizable at the Access Stratum (AS) layer of the relay UE.

[0161] Furthermore, the operation method of the first UE includes the first UE establishing a first PC5 link with the relay UE, the first UE sending a message to the second UE relating to the establishment of an end-to-end PC5 link via the relay UE, and the first UE sending a predetermined message to the relay UE relating to the disabling of the end-to-end PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE, wherein the predetermined message includes a value recognizable at the access layer (AS) layer of the relay UE, and the first PC5 link is disabling by the relay UE upon receiving the predetermined message.

[0162] The first UE device also includes at least one processor and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform an operation, the operation including the first UE establishing a first PC5 link with the relay UE, the first UE sending a message to the second UE relating to the establishment of an end-to-end PC5 link via the relay UE, and the first UE sending a predetermined message to the relay UE relating to the disabling of an end-to-end PC5 link between the first UE and the second UE, the predetermined message including a value recognizable at the access layer (AS) layer of the relay UE, and the first PC5 link being disabling by the relay UE upon receiving the predetermined message.

[0163] The following describes connection release triggering in relation to UE-to-UE relay operation. In the disclosure of this invention, releasing related settings means releasing settings not only between the source remote UE and the relay UE, and between the relay UE and the target remote UE, but also between the source remote UE and the target remote UE.

[0164] Assuming that the source remote UE, relay UE, and target remote UE operate as UE-to-UE relays, if the SL-RSRP (or SD-RSRP) between the source remote UE and the relay UE falls below a predetermined threshold (or the threshold used when selecting the relay), the source remote UE can notify the higher layer and release the associated settings. At this time, the measured value may be the value measured by the source remote UE or the value measured by the relay UE. That is, if the result of the relay UE measuring the SL-RSRP (or SD-RSRP) between the source remote UE and the relay UE falls below a predetermined threshold, the relay UE will notify the source remote UE (or source relay UE).

[0165] The relay UE can also notify the source remote UE if the SL-RSRP (or SD-RSRP) between the relay UE and the target remote UE falls below a predetermined threshold (or the threshold used when selecting the relay). This value may be measured by the relay UE, or it may be measured by the target remote UE and notified to the relay UE. Alternatively, if the SL-RSRP (or SD-RSRP) measured by the target remote UE falls below a predetermined threshold, the relay UE is notified, and the relay UE simply notifies the source remote UE of the measured value (and / or) received from the remote UE (notification that the signal strength between the relay UE and the target remote UE has not reached the threshold).

[0166] When the aforementioned release conditions occur, the source remote UE (or source relay UE) triggers the sending / receiving of a discovery message or triggers relay reselection.

[0167] If a relay UE performs a handover (HO) but the new cell does not support U2U relay operation, or if a relay UE that was in the IDLE / INACTIVE state moves and camps on to a cell that does not support U2U relay operation, the relay UE releases its SL connection with each remote UE (source remote UE and target remote UE) (or) if it is a multi-hop, or sends a notification message to that effect. The (source / target) remote UEs that receive the notification message may also trigger a relay reselection.

[0168] On the other hand, if a (source / target) remote UE goes HO and the new cell does not support U2U relay operation, or if a relay UE that was in the IDLE / INACTIVE state moves and camps on to a cell that does not support U2U relay operation, the (source / target) remote UE releases the SL connection with the relay UE (and / or) peer remote UE, or sends a notification message to indicate that it has moved to a cell that does not support U2U relay (i.e., the source / target remote UE sends a notification message to the relay UE or peer remote UE). Upon receiving this, the relay UE and peer remote UE may release the SL connection for U2U communication. Alternatively, the peer remote UE may trigger relay reselection. In this case, the notification message used can be sent as a PC5-RRC / PC5-S message.

[0169] When a 1-hop SL connection is established between the SRC remote UE and the relay UE, and a 1-hop SL connection is established between the relay UE and the DST remote UE, an SL connection is established between the SRC remote UE and the DST remote UE via an indirect link. In this case, if a timer associated with the SL connection between the SRC remote UE and the DST remote UE (e.g., a T400 (T400-like) timer) expires, the SRC (or DST) remote UE may need to notify the relay UE of this. The relay UE can then use this information to trigger the release of the 1-hop SL connection between the relay UE and the SRC (or DST) remote UE.

[0170] Figure 18 shows the SL connection and release procedure between the source remote UE and the target remote UE. Referring to Figure 18, the source remote UE is SL-connected with the relay UE (S1801), and the relay UE is SL-connected with the target remote UE (S1802). The source remote UE and the target remote UE also perform operations for end-to-end SL connection (S1803). As mentioned above, when an SL connection is established, a release procedure is performed at the upper layer. For example, the upper layer of the source remote UE sends a release-related message to the target remote UE via the relay UE (S1804) (SL release between the source remote UE and the target remote UE). The source remote UE also sends a message to release the link between the source remote UE and the relay UE (S1805). On the other hand, the target remote UE, having received the release message from the source remote UE, sends a message to release the SL between the target remote UE and the relay UE (S1806). The operation of sending the release message mentioned above may be replaced with a procedure for SL release.

[0171] As another example, as shown in Figure 19, the source remote UE may send a message to release the SL between the source remote UE and the target remote UE (S1904), and then instruct the relay UE to release in another PC5-RRC message (S1905). When it operates in this way, an end-to-end release at the upper layer between the source remote UE and the target remote UE causes the AS layer to release the links between the source remote UE and the relay UE, and between the relay UE and the target remote UE. This is because the relay UE does not have an upper layer, and therefore releases the configuration related to the source remote UE and the target remote UE to the relay UE.

[0172] As another example, as shown in Figure 20, when the source remote UE sends an SL release message to the relay UE (S2004), the relay UE and the source remote UE also release the SL settings for the source remote UE and the target remote UE. Furthermore, a release message between the source remote UE and the relay UE can also trigger a message transmission (S2005) to release the SL connection between the relay UE and the target remote UE.

[0173] On the other hand, when an end-to-end PC5-S release (link release) occurs between a source remote UE and a target remote UE, whether or not the SL connections at each hop (1st-hop, 2nd-hop) are released is a matter of UE implementation. A relay UE may have links (or bearers) connected to multiple remote UEs at the 1st-hop, such as through 1:N bearer mapping, multiplexed into a single link (or bearer) at the 2nd-hop. In this case, even if an end-to-end link (or bearer) between any particular source remote UE and target remote UE is released, the links at each hop (1st-hop, 2nd-hop) must be maintained, and this can be according to the choice of each remote UE / relay UE (UE implementation). However, even in this case, if an end-to-end link (or end-to-end bearer) between a source remote UE and a target remote UE is released, an action is required to release the associated configuration. For example, the source remote UE and target remote UE also need to send an RRCReconfigurationSidelink message so that the relay UE can remove local ID information and SL bearer information (such as ID / mapping rules) related to the released end-to-end link, as well as information that functions in the QoS split (if QoS-related information is exchanged). In other words, when an end-to-end link (or end-to-end bearer) is released, the source remote UE and target remote UE need to perform the RRCReconfigurationSidelink procedure to remove (only) the configuration (1st-hop and 2nd-hop) related to it at the relay UE.

[0174] On the other hand, such an RRCReconfigurationSidelink procedure can also be resolved by performing it on the relay UE from only one of either the source remote UE or the target remote UE. In this case, the one UE mentioned above is defined as the UE that initiated the end-to-end link (or end-to-end bearer) release.

[0175] Examples of communication systems to which the present invention is applied

[0176] Without limiting itself, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts of the present invention disclosed in this specification can be applied to various fields requiring inter-device wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G).

[0177] The following will provide a more detailed explanation with reference to the drawings. In the following figures / descriptions, the same drawing reference numerals illustrate the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless otherwise specified.

[0178] Figure 21 illustrates a communication system 1 to which the present invention is applied.

[0179] Referring to Figure 21, the communication system 1 to which the present invention applies includes wireless equipment, a base station, and a network. Here, wireless equipment means equipment that communicates using wireless connectivity technology (e.g., 5G NR, LTE), and is also referred to as communication / wireless / 5G equipment. However, wireless equipment includes, but is not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, XR (eXtended Reality) equipment 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT (Internet of Things) equipment 100f, and AI equipment / servers 400. For example, vehicles include vehicles equipped with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, vehicles capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, vehicles include UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) (e.g., drones). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and are embodied in forms such as HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) installed in vehicles, TVs, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, and robots. Mobile devices include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebook computers). Home appliances include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices include sensors and smart meters. For example, base stations and networks are also embodied in wireless devices, and certain wireless devices 200a can also operate as base stations / network nodes for other wireless devices.

[0180] Wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to network 300 via base station 200. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 is configured using a 3G network, 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or 5G (e.g., NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via base station 200 / network 300, but can also communicate directly without going through the base station / network (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0181] Wireless communication / coupling 150a, 150b, and 150c are performed between wireless devices 100a-100f / base station 200 and between base stations 200 / base station 200. Here, wireless communication / coupling is performed by various wireless connection technologies such as uplink / downlink communication 150a and sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul) (e.g., 5G NR)). Wireless communication / coupling 150a, 150b, and 150c enable wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations to send / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / coupling 150a, 150b, and 150c can send / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present invention, one of the following is performed: a process of setting various configuration information for sending / receiving wireless signals, a process of various signal processing (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), or a resource allocation process.

[0182] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0183] Figure 22 illustrates a wireless device to which the present invention applies.

[0184] Referring to Figure 22, the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 transmit and receive wireless signals using various wireless connectivity technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {first wireless device 100, second wireless device 200} correspond to {wireless device 100x, base station 200} and / or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x} in Figure 21.

[0185] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further includes one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 controls the memory 104 and / or the transceivers 106 and is configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, the processor 102 processes information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmits a wireless signal containing the first information / signals using the transceiver 106. The processor 102 also receives a wireless signal containing second information / signals using the transceiver 106, and then stores the information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 is linked to the processor 102 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 stores software code that includes instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 102 and memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 106 is connected to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver 106 can also be mixed with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this invention, wireless equipment can also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0186] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further includes one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 controls the memory 204 and / or the transceivers 206 and is configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, the processor 202 processes information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmits a wireless signal containing the third information / signals with the transceiver 206. The processor 202 also receives a wireless signal containing fourth information / signals with the transceiver 206, and then stores the information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 is linked to the processor 202 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 stores software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 202 and memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 206 is connected to the processor 202 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. The transceiver 206 includes a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver 206 can also be mixed with an RF unit. In this invention, wireless equipment can also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0187] The hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. However, one or more protocol layers are embodied by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 embody one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102 and 202 generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102, 202 generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by the functions, procedures, suggestions and / or methods disclosed in this specification and provide them to one or more transceivers 106, 206. One or more processors 102, 202 receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206 and can obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification.

[0188] One or more processors 102, 202 are also referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102, 202 are embodied by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification are embodied using firmware or software, and the firmware or software is embodied to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification is included in one or more processors 102, 202, or is stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be embodied using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0189] One or more memory units 104, 204 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memory units 104, 204 consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memory units 104, 204 are located inside and / or outside one or more processors 102, 202. Furthermore, one or more memory units 104, 204 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0190] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as described in the methods and / or flowcharts of this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more antennas 108, 208, and are configured by one or more antennas 108, 208 to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. In this specification, one or more antennas are multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing by one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed by one or more processors 102, 202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0191] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0192] Figure 23 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention applies. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be embodied in a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc.

[0193] Referring to Figure 23, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 is composed of a part of the communication unit 110.

[0194] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 controls elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 includes an ECU (Electronic control Unit). The drive unit 140a enables the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to travel on the ground. The drive unit 140a includes an engine, motor, powertrain, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c includes an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, collision sensor, wheel sensor, speed sensor, tilt sensor, weight sensor, heading sensor, position module, vehicle forward / reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d embodies technologies such as lane keeping during driving, automatic speed adjustment like adaptive cruise control, automatic driving along a predetermined route, and automatic route setting and driving when a destination is set.

[0195] For example, the communication unit 110 receives map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d generates an autonomous driving route and drive plan based on the obtained data. The control unit 120 controls the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the drive plan (e.g., speed / direction adjustment). The communication unit 110 non-periodically obtains the latest traffic information data from the external server during autonomous driving, and also obtains surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. The sensor unit 140c also obtains vehicle status and surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit 140d updates the autonomous driving route and drive plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 transmits information such as vehicle position, autonomous driving route, and drive plan to the external server. Based on the information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, the external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0196] Examples of AR / VR and vehicles to which the present invention applies

[0197] Figure 24 illustrates a vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle can also be a means of transport, a train, an aircraft, a ship, and the like.

[0198] Referring to Figure 24, the vehicle 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, and a position measuring unit 140b.

[0199] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from other vehicles or external devices such as base stations. The control unit 120 can control the components of the vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / code / instructions that support various functions of the vehicle 100. The input / output unit 140a outputs AR / VR objects based on the information in the memory unit 130. The input / output unit 140a includes a HUD. The position measurement unit 140b can obtain the position information of the vehicle 100. The position information includes the absolute position information of the vehicle 100, position information within the driving line, acceleration information, position information relative to surrounding vehicles, etc. The position measurement unit 140b includes GPS and various sensors.

[0200] As an example, the communication unit 110 of vehicle 100 receives map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and stores it in the memory unit 130. The position measurement unit 140b obtains vehicle position information using GPS and various sensors and stores it in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 generates a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle position information, and the input / output unit 140a displays the generated virtual object in a window inside the vehicle (1410, 140a). The control unit 120 also determines whether vehicle 100 is operating correctly within the driving line based on the vehicle position information. If vehicle 100 deviates abnormally from the driving line, the control unit 120 displays a warning in the window inside the vehicle using the input / output unit 140a. The control unit 120 also broadcasts a warning message regarding the driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles using the communication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120 can also transmit the vehicle's position information and information regarding driving / vehicle abnormalities to relevant organizations using the communication unit 110.

[0201] Examples of XR devices to which the present invention is applied

[0202] Figure 25 illustrates an example of an XR device to which the present invention applies. XR devices can be embodied in the form of HMDs, HUDs (Head-Up Displays) installed in vehicles, TVs, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, and the like.

[0203] Referring to Figure 25, the XR device 100a includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a power supply unit 140c.

[0204] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., media data, control signals, etc.) to and from other wireless devices, portable devices, or external devices such as media servers. Media data includes video, images, sound, etc. The control unit 120 controls the components of the XR device 100a to perform various operations. For example, the control unit 120 is configured to control and / or perform procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, metadata generation, and processing. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / code / instructions necessary for driving the XR device 100a and generating XR objects. The input / output unit 140a obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR object. The input / output unit 140a includes a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker, and / or haptics module, etc. The sensor unit 140b obtains XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b includes a proximity sensor, illuminance sensor, acceleration sensor, magnetic sensor, gyroscope sensor, inertial sensor, RGB sensor, IR sensor, fingerprint recognition sensor, ultrasonic sensor, optical sensor, microphone and / or radar. The power supply unit 140c supplies power to the XR device 100a and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc.

[0205] For example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100a contains information (e.g., data) necessary for generating XR objects (e.g., AR / VR / MR objects). The input / output unit 140a can receive commands from the user to operate the XR device 100a, and the control unit 120 drives the XR device 100a according to the user's drive commands. For example, when a user watches a movie, news, etc. using the XR device 100a, the control unit 120 can send content request information to another device (e.g., a mobile device 100b) or a media server via the communication unit 130. The communication unit 130 can download / stream content such as movies and news from the other device (e.g., a mobile device 100b) or a media server to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 controls and / or performs procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation / processing for the content, and generates / outputs XR objects based on information about the surrounding space or real-world objects obtained by the input / output unit 140a / sensor unit 140b.

[0206] The XR device 100a is wirelessly connected to the portable device 100b by the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XR device 100a is controlled by the portable device 100b. For example, the portable device 100b acts as a controller for the XR device 100a. For this purpose, after obtaining the 3D position information of the portable device 100b, the XR device 100a can generate and output an XR individual corresponding to the portable device 100b.

[0207] Examples of robots to which the present invention is applied

[0208] Figure 26 illustrates a robot to which the present invention is applied. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc., depending on their intended use and field.

[0209] Referring to Figure 26, the robot 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a drive unit 140c.

[0210] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., drive information, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit 120 can control the components of the robot 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / code / instructions that support various functions of the robot 100. The input / output unit 140a obtains information from outside the robot 100 and outputs information to outside the robot 100. The input / output unit 140a includes a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker, and / or haptics module. The sensor unit 140b obtains internal information of the robot 100, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b includes a proximity sensor, illuminance sensor, acceleration sensor, magnetic sensor, gyro sensor, inertial sensor, IR sensor, fingerprint recognition sensor, ultrasonic sensor, light sensor, microphone, radar, etc. The drive unit 140c performs various physical operations, such as moving the robot joints. The drive unit 140c can also make the robot 100 move on the ground or fly in the air. The drive unit 140c includes actuators, motors, wheels, brakes, propellers, etc.

[0211] Examples of AI devices to which the present invention is applied

[0212] Figure 27 illustrates an example of an AI device to which the present invention is applied. AI devices can be embodied in fixed or mobile devices such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, notebook computers, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, and vehicles.

[0213] Referring to Figure 27, the AI ​​device 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, input / output units 140a / 140b, a running processor unit 140c, and a sensor unit 140d.

[0214] The communication unit 110 uses wired and wireless communication technology to send and receive wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100x, 200, 400 in Figure 17) and AI servers (e.g., 400 in Figure 17). To this end, the communication unit 110 transmits information in the memory unit 130 to external devices, or transmits signals received from external devices to the memory unit 130.

[0215] The control unit 120 determines one of the possible actions of the AI ​​device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit 120 can also control the components of the AI ​​device 100 to perform the determined action. For example, the control unit 120 can request, retrieve, receive, or utilize data from the running processor unit 140c or the memory unit 130, and can control the components of the AI ​​device 100 to perform one of the possible actions, which is either a predicted action or an action deemed desirable. The control unit 120 can also collect historical information, including the operation details of the AI ​​device 100 and user feedback on the operation, and store it in the memory unit 130 or the running processor unit 140c, or transmit it to an external device such as an AI server (Figure 17, 400). The collected historical information is used when updating the learning model.

[0216] The memory unit 130 stores data that supports various functions of the AI ​​device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 stores data obtained from the input unit 140a, data obtained from the communication unit 110, output data from the running processor unit 140c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 140. The memory unit 130 also stores control information and / or software code necessary for the operation / execution of the control unit 120.

[0217] The input unit 140a obtains various types of data from outside the AI ​​device 100. For example, the input unit 140a obtains training data for model learning and input data to which the learning model is applied. The input unit 140a includes a camera, microphone, and / or user input unit. The output unit 140b generates outputs related to vision, hearing, or touch. The output unit 140b includes a display unit, speaker, and / or haptics module. The sensing unit 140 obtains one of the following using various sensors: internal information of the AI ​​device 100, information about the surrounding environment of the AI ​​device 100, and user information. The sensing unit 140 includes a proximity sensor, illuminance sensor, acceleration sensor, magnetic sensor, gyroscope sensor, inertial sensor, RGB sensor, IR sensor, fingerprint recognition sensor, ultrasonic sensor, light sensor, microphone, and / or radar.

[0218] The running processor unit 140c trains a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data. The running processor unit 140c performs AI processing together with the running processor unit of the AI ​​server (Figure 17, 400). The running processor unit 140c processes information received from external devices by the communication unit 110 and / or information stored in the memory unit 130. The output value of the running processor unit 140c is transmitted to / from external devices by the communication unit 110 and stored in the memory unit 130. [Industrial applicability]

[0219] The above embodiment can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. The steps include establishing a first PC 5 connection between the first layer of the remote UE (user equipment) 1 and the first layer of the relay UE, The steps include: establishing an End-to-End PC5 connection between the second layer of the remote UE1 and the second layer of the remote UE2 via the relay UE using the remote UE1, wherein the relay UE has established a second PC5 connection with the remote UE2; The steps include: releasing the End-to-End PC5 connection using the remote UE1, The process includes the step of using the remote UE1 to disconnect the first PC5 connection based on the disconnection of the End-to-End PC5 connection, A method wherein the first layer of the remote UE1 is a sublayer of the second layer of the remote UE1.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first PC5 connection is released after the End-to-End PC5 connection is released.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second layer of the relay UE is not used for the End-to-End PC5 connection between the second layer of the remote UE1 and the second layer of the remote UE2.

4. Remote UE (user equipment) 1, At least one processor, Includes at least one memory for storing instructions, When the instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the remote UE1 will have at least the following The remote UE1 establishes a first PC5 connection between the first layer of the remote UE1 and the first layer of the relay UE, The remote UE1 establishes an End-to-End PC5 connection between the second layer of the remote UE1 and the second layer of the remote UE2 via the relay UE, wherein the relay UE has established a second PC5 connection with the remote UE2. The remote UE1 releases the End-to-End PC5 connection, The remote UE1 is made to disconnect the first PC5 connection based on the disconnection of the End-to-End PC5 connection, The first layer of the remote UE1 is a lower layer of the second layer of the remote UE1.

5. The remote UE1 according to claim 4, wherein the first PC5 connection is released after the End-to-End PC5 connection is released.

6. The remote UE1 according to claim 5, wherein the second layer of the relay UE is not used for the End-to-End PC5 connection between the second layer of the remote UE1 and the second layer of the remote UE2.

7. at least, The remote UE (user equipment) 1 establishes a first PC 5 connection between the first layer of the remote UE 1 and the first layer of the relay UE, The remote UE1 establishes an End-to-End PC5 connection between the second layer of the remote UE1 and the second layer of the remote UE2 via the relay UE, wherein the relay UE has established a second PC5 connection with the remote UE2. The remote UE1 releases the End-to-End PC5 connection, A non-temporary computer-readable medium containing stored program instructions for performing the following actions: the remote UE1 releases the first PC5 connection based on the release of the End-to-End PC5 connection; The first layer of the remote UE1 is a medium, which is a lower layer of the second layer of the remote UE1.

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