Appraisal certification system, appraisal certification method, and program

Abstract

In the transfer of assets across multiple organizations, it has been difficult to consistently track the chain of proof (chain of proof) and the history of ownership and management (chain of custody) across mergers and separations, and to conduct reliable appraisals and certifications by comprehensively evaluating the authenticity of assets. [Solution] The system acquires data on assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations from a recording infrastructure, and generates a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody based on this data. Based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of these two chains, it generates appraisal and certification result information including the authenticity level classification (high, medium, low) of the assets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an authentication certification system, an authentication certification method, and a program that acquire data regarding events, states, assertions, evidence, entities, and locations for assets that are circulated, held, managed, integrated, separated, updated, or transferred across multiple organizations, generate a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody based on the data, and generate an authenticity strength classification of the assets based on the continuity, consistency, and correspondence of the two chains.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, various objects such as products, raw materials, parts, equipment, design data, digital content, software, usage rights, and others have been handled through various stages of manufacturing, distribution, maintenance, updating, and use across multiple organizations. Such objects include tangible assets, intangible assets, and composite assets that include or reference multiple constituent assets, and it is required to be able to appropriately confirm their authenticity, origin, and history of possession or management.

[0003] However, in an environment where tangible assets, intangible assets, and composite assets coexist, it is not easy to grasp the origin of assets using only a single identifier or a single history list. In particular, when multiple assets are integrated or when one asset is separated into multiple assets, it becomes difficult to consistently explain later which components the asset originated from and which events it has gone through to reach its current state.

[0004] In addition, there are also problems with the Chain of Provenance indicating the origin and changes of assets. The history of an asset is preferably grasped not only by simply arranging events in chronological order but also as a chain connecting multiple assets, events, and involved entities across integration and separation. However, conventionally, data regarding events, states, assertions, and evidence have often been held separately, and it has not been easy to generate a verifiable history chain that combines these together.

[0005] Furthermore, regarding the Chain of Custody, which shows the history of asset ownership or transfer, it is desirable to be able to continuously track which entity's custody an asset is under, where it is located, and when the transfer or delivery took place. However, in environments spanning multiple organizations, records regarding entities or locations tend to become fragmented, making it difficult to reconstruct a continuous Chain of Custody later on.

[0006] Furthermore, blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies are being used as record-keeping infrastructure for holding asset-related data. While these are useful in terms of tamper resistance, shareability, and ease of auditing, they do not automatically guarantee the accuracy of the data recorded on the ledger itself, nor their consistency with data on other record-keeping infrastructures.

[0007] On the other hand, databases, distributed file servers, external storage, and other record-keeping infrastructures that do not utilize distributed ledger technology are also widely used. These have advantages in terms of flexible updates, large-capacity data storage, and compatibility with existing business systems, but they may require separate measures in terms of record sharing among multiple entities, authenticity verification, and ease of auditing.

[0008] Furthermore, in actual operation, a record infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology and a record infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology may be used in combination. In such hybrid record management, assets, events, states, assertions, or evidence are stored in a distributed manner across different infrastructures, making it even more difficult to later associate them and reconstruct them as a continuous Chain of Provenance and Chain of Custody.

[0009] In addition, in recent years, documents, images, logs, certification information, and other data generated or processed by artificial intelligence models may be used as claims or evidence regarding assets. In such cases, the reliability of the appraisal results may be diminished unless the doubts are evaluated based on which model, which version, at what point in time, or which transformation process the data is based on.

[0010] Furthermore, regarding claims or evidence concerning assets, there are cases where it is desirable to confirm only the conditions for their establishment without fully disclosing the evidence itself. Therefore, it is conceivable to utilize mechanisms such as zero-knowledge proofs that prove the fulfillment of predetermined conditions without disclosure. However, conventionally, there has been insufficient support for integrating the verification results of such non-disclosure proof data with the assessment of asset authenticity or verification of provenance chains.

[0011] Furthermore, when digital twin assets or RWA representation assets corresponding to the same physical asset coexist, it is necessary to appropriately handle the correspondence, synchronization status, and presence or absence of discrepancies between the physical asset and the digital representation asset. If these are not handled appropriately, changes on the physical asset side and changes on the digital representation asset side may not be consistent, potentially leading to inconsistencies in the provenance chain or authenticity assessment.

[0012] In addition, the cryptographic or key distribution methods used for recording or evidence may be updated or changed over time. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to evaluate the continuity of verification of records or evidence, taking into account the targets, status, and deadlines for transitioning to the PQC or QKD method, and to determine, if necessary, whether re-signing or re-certification is required.

[0013] Furthermore, with the advancement of quantum computers, there are concerns about the future decryption potential or reduced verifiability of records or evidence based on current cryptographic or key distribution methods. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to assess quantum computer threats based on cryptographic method identifiers, key distribution method identifiers, signature time, transition deadline, or external threat assessment, and to determine whether re-verification, re-signing, or re-certification is necessary.

[0014] However, conventional technologies have not adequately addressed the integration of tangible assets, intangible assets, and composite assets, acquiring data from a recording infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology, a recording infrastructure not utilizing distributed ledger technology, or a recording infrastructure using hybrid technology, generating a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody, and determining the authenticity strength classification of assets based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of these two chains.

[0015] Furthermore, conventional technologies have not adequately integrated AI-generated involvement information, zero-knowledge proof data, digital twin assets or RWA representation assets, transition information to PQC or QKD methods, and quantum computer threat assessments into asset appraisal certification. Therefore, there is a need for a technology that can simultaneously consider these multiple elements and realize appraisal certification that is independent of the type of recording infrastructure. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0016] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6894033 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 7371301 [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 7367270 [Patent Document 4] Patent No. 7477937 [Patent Document 5] Patent No. 7833630 [Non-patent literature]

[0017] [Non-Patent Document 1] International Organization for Standardization, "Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - ISO / TC 307". [Non-Patent Document 2] ISO / PWI 26345, "Ensuring authenticity of physical and non-physical assets across supply chains using DLTs". [Non-Patent Document 3] SEMI T25, "Specification for Blockchain for Semiconductor Supply Chain Traceability" and SEMI T26, "Specification for Electronic Supply Chain Traceability Using Distributed Ledger Technology". [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0018] However, for assets handled across multiple organizations, even if events, states, assertions, or evidence are maintained as separate records, it was not always possible to consistently explain later which components, events, and entities the asset originated from and how it reached its current state. In particular, when tangible assets, intangible assets, and composite assets were mixed and repeatedly merged and separated, a single identifier or a single history sequence alone was insufficient to adequately demonstrate the authenticity of the asset.

[0019] Furthermore, while the Chain of Provenance, which shows the history of an asset, and the Chain of Custody, which shows the history of ownership or transfer of an asset, are related, they differ in nature. Therefore, in the past, they were often treated separately, and there was insufficient mechanism to simultaneously evaluate the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship between the two to generate asset authenticity strength classifications. In particular, while the Chain of Custody for tangible assets is understood as a series of events indicating changes in the custody entity or custody location, how to handle changes in the managing entity or management authority for intangible assets has not always been clearly defined.

[0020] Furthermore, as a record-keeping infrastructure for holding data related to assets, a record-keeping infrastructure utilizing blockchain including an on-chain state or other distributed ledger technology may be used. On the other hand, a record-keeping infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology, such as a database, a distributed file server, or an external storage, is also widely used. In actual operation, there is also a record management by a hybrid technology that combines these, but conventionally, a configuration for performing common authentication without depending on the type of record-keeping infrastructure has not been sufficient.

[0021] In addition, in recent years, documents, images, logs, certification information, and other data generated or processed by an artificial intelligence model may be used as claims or evidence related to assets. In this case, if doubts are not evaluated based on the generation process or conversion history of the data, the reliability of the authentication result may decrease. However, conventionally, a configuration for reflecting such AI-generated related information in a chain evaluation or authenticity strength classification has not been sufficient.

[0022] Also, regarding the evidence supporting an event or assertion, there may be a case where only the establishment conditions are to be confirmed without fully disclosing the evidence itself. Therefore, it is conceivable to utilize non-disclosure proof data using zero-knowledge proof. However, conventionally, a configuration for integrally reflecting such non-disclosure verification results in the evaluation of asset authentication or authenticity strength classification has not been sufficient.

[0023] Furthermore, when digital twin assets or RWA-represented assets corresponding to the same real-world asset coexist, it is necessary to appropriately handle the correspondence relationship, synchronization status, and presence or absence of divergence between the real-world asset and the digital representation asset. If these cannot be appropriately handled, changes on the real-world asset side and changes on the digital representation asset side may not be consistent, and there may be an inconsistency in the provenance chain or authenticity evaluation.

[0024] In addition, since the cryptographic scheme or key distribution scheme used for recording or evidence may be updated or changed over time, it is desirable to appropriately understand the targets for transition to the PQC or QKD scheme, the transition status, and the transition deadline, and to be able to determine whether re-signing or re-certification is necessary. However, conventionally, there has been insufficient configuration to integrally reflect such information regarding cryptographic scheme transitions in the generation of expert certification results.

[0025] Furthermore, with the advancement of quantum computers, there are concerns about the future decryption potential or reduced verifiability of records or evidence based on current encryption or key distribution methods. For this reason, it is desirable to be able to refer to a quantum computer threat assessment table and determine whether re-verification, re-signing, or re-proofing is necessary based on quantum computer threat status information, but such configurations have not been sufficient until now. [Means for solving the problem]

[0026] The appraisal and certification system according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: acquisition means for acquiring data relating to assets, events, conditions, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations from one or more recording sources; providence chain generation means for generating a Chain of Provenance based on the data; custody chain generation means for generating a Chain of Custody based on the data; and appraisal and certification result generation means for generating appraisal and certification result information including the authenticity strength classification of assets based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of the Chain of Provenance and the Chain of Custody.

[0027] The aforementioned asset means a tangible asset, an intangible asset, or a composite asset, and the aforementioned composite asset means an asset that includes or references two or more component assets, and the aforementioned component assets may be tangible assets, intangible assets, or other composite assets.

[0028] The Chain of Provenance is characterized by being generated as a chain connecting the data relating to the assets, the data relating to the events, the data relating to the states, the data relating to the assertions, and the data relating to the evidence, across integrations or separations.

[0029] In this invention, the Chain of Custody is generated as a sequence of events indicating a change in the custody entity or custody location for tangible assets. Furthermore, in this invention, for intangible assets, a sequence of events indicating a change in the management entity or management authority may be generated as a chain similar to the Chain of Custody. In addition, for composite assets, the sequence of events for each component asset may be included.

[0030] The authenticity strength classification includes high-level classifications, medium-level classifications, and low-level classifications. The appraisal result generation means may generate a high-level classification when the continuity of the Chain of Provenance, the continuity of the Chain of Custody, and the mutual correspondence are established. The appraisal result generation means may generate a medium-level classification when at least a part of the continuity of the Chain of Provenance, the continuity of the Chain of Custody, or the mutual correspondence is established. For example, a medium-level classification may be generated when only one of the continuity of the Chain of Provenance and the continuity of the Chain of Custody is established, when there is a gap in a part of the Chain of Provenance or the Chain of Custody but the continuity of the remaining part can be confirmed, or when a part of the mutual correspondence can be confirmed. The appraisal result generation means may generate a lower classification if the continuity of the Chain of Provenance, the continuity of the Chain of Custody, and the mutual correspondence cannot be confirmed, or if there is a contradiction between the Chain of Provenance and the Chain of Custody and the mutual correspondence should be denied.

[0031] The aforementioned recording infrastructure may include at least one of the following: a recording infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology; a recording infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology; and a recording infrastructure that combines both of the aforementioned recording infrastructures using hybrid technology.

[0032] The record infrastructure utilizing the aforementioned distributed ledger technology includes blockchain or other distributed ledger technology, and at least a portion of the data may be managed on-chain.

[0033] The recording infrastructure that does not utilize the distributed ledger technology may include a database, a distributed file server, or external storage, and the recording infrastructure using the hybrid technology may use a recording infrastructure that utilizes the distributed ledger technology and a recording infrastructure that does not utilize the distributed ledger technology in combination.

[0034] The data relating to the event, the data relating to the assertion, or the data relating to the evidence includes artificial intelligence (AI) generation involvement information, which may include artificial intelligence model identification information, explainable AI (XAI) related information, model version, generation time, generation result hash value, or conversion history identifier. The explainable AI (XAI) related information may include explanation method identification information, explanation target identification information, explanation basis information, contributing feature information, or explanation result hash value. The expert certification result generation means may calculate an automatically generated suspicion index based on the artificial intelligence (AI) generation involvement information, and may generate an automatically generated suspicion anomaly when the automatically generated suspicion index is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0035] The data relating to the event or the data relating to the assertion may include non-disclosure proof data, and the non-disclosure proof data may include zero-knowledge proof data that proves the conditions for establishment without disclosing attribute values ​​or the evidence itself. The expert opinion result generation means may reflect the verification results of the non-disclosure proof data in the determination of the authenticity strength category.

[0036] The acquisition means may acquire a real asset identifier and a digital representation asset identifier, the digital representation asset identifier may be a digital twin asset identifier or an RWA representation asset identifier. The acquisition means may acquire twin correspondence information and synchronization status information indicating the correspondence between the real asset identifier and the digital representation asset identifier. The providence chain generation means may associate data relating to events on the real asset side with data relating to events on the digital side based on the twin correspondence information, and connect the data relating to each associated event to the Chain of Provenance. The appraisal certificate result generation means may generate twin discrepancy anomalies based on the synchronization status information.

[0037] The data relating to the event, the data relating to the assertion, the data relating to the state, or the data relating to the evidence may include cryptographic scheme identification information, key distribution scheme identification information, transition status information, or transition deadline information. The cryptographic scheme identification information may indicate a target for transition to the PQC scheme, and the key distribution scheme identification information may indicate a target for transition to the QKD scheme. The expert certification result generation means may determine the continuity of verification based on the cryptographic scheme identification information, the key distribution scheme identification information, the transition status information, the transition deadline information, and the signing time, and generate re-signature request status information or re-certification request status information.

[0038] The authentication result generation means may refer to a quantum computer threat assessment table, the quantum computer threat assessment table may correspond to cryptographic scheme identification information, key distribution scheme identification information, signature time, transition deadline information, or external threat assessment identification information. The authentication result generation means generates quantum computer threat state information based on the quantum computer threat assessment table, and when the quantum computer threat state information is above a threshold, it may generate quantum threat re-verification event data, re-signature event data, re-certification event data, or quantum threat anomaly.

[0039] The present invention can be realized as an appraisal and certification method that acquires data relating to assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations from one or more recording sources, generates a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody based on the data, and generates appraisal and certification result information including the authenticity strength classification of assets based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of the Chain of Provenance and the Chain of Custody.

[0040] The aforementioned authentication and certification method may be implemented using a record infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology, a record infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology, or a record infrastructure that combines these using hybrid technology.

[0041] The present invention can be realized as a program for causing a computer to function as the acquisition means, the providence chain generation means, the custody chain generation means, and the appraisal certificate result generation means. [Effects of the Invention]

[0042] According to the present invention, regardless of whether a recording infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology, a recording infrastructure not utilizing distributed ledger technology, or a recording infrastructure using hybrid technology combining these, data relating to assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations can be acquired as a whole and handled by the same expert certification process.

[0043] According to the present invention, a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody can be generated based on the data, and authenticity strength categories can be generated based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of these two chains. Therefore, the authenticity of an asset can be evaluated from multiple perspectives from the viewpoint of the entire chain, without relying solely on a single record, a single point in time, or a single piece of evidence.

[0044] According to the present invention, tangible assets, intangible assets, and composite assets can be treated as a single entity. Therefore, even for assets that include or reference multiple component assets, appraisal and certification can be performed taking into account the continuity of their history and ownership or management across integration or separation.

[0045] According to the present invention, since AI generation involvement information, zero-knowledge proof data, digital twin assets or RWA representation assets, transition information to PQC or QKD methods, and quantum computer threat assessments can be reflected in the authentication certificate, authenticity assessments can be performed in accordance with diverse data formats and technological environments.

[0046] According to the present invention, a flexible authentication and certification technology that does not depend on the implementation method of the recording infrastructure can be provided, and highly explainable authentication and certification results can be provided to users, management entities, or auditing entities through authenticity strength classifications, anomaly type codes, basis identifier groups, and other authentication and certification result information. It should be noted that conventional traceability technologies using general blockchains (e.g., Patent Documents 1-5) are limited to tracking chronological records (history) by a single identifier, and do not disclose or suggest a configuration that evaluates two different chains of nature—provenance spanning the "integration and separation" of complex assets containing both tangible and intangible items, and custody of changes in management entities and locations—from a multifaceted perspective of mutual correspondence and consistency, and classifies authenticity hierarchically (high, medium, low). [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0047] [Figure 1] This is a configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of an appraisal and certification system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between assets, composite assets, and component assets according to the present invention. [Figure 3] This figure shows the generation concept of Chain of Provenance according to the present invention. [Figure 4] This figure shows the concept of generating a Chain of Custody according to the present invention. [Figure 5]This figure shows an example of determining the authenticity strength classification according to the present invention. [Figure 6] This figure shows the types of recording substrates used in the present invention. [Figure 7] This figure shows an example of using a record infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology in the present invention. [Figure 8] This figure shows an example of a recording infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology in the present invention. [Figure 9] This figure shows an example of using a hybrid technology recording substrate in the present invention. [Figure 10] This figure shows an example of generating doubts based on AI-generated involvement information in the present invention. [Figure 11] This figure shows an example of verifying non-disclosure proof data, including zero-knowledge proof data, in the present invention. [Figure 12] This figure shows the correspondence between digital twin asset identifiers and RWA representation asset identifiers, as well as an example of the generation of twin discrepancy anomalies in the present invention. [Figure 13] This figure shows an example of how to handle the transition to the PQC method or the QKD method in the present invention. [Figure 14] This figure shows an example of generating quantum computer threat assessment and quantum threat reverification event data in the present invention. [Figure 15] This figure shows the processing flow of the appraisal and certification method according to the present invention. [Figure 16] This figure shows the functional configuration of the program according to the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0048] (First Embodiment Basic Configuration) The appraisal and certification system according to this embodiment acquires data on assets, events, conditions, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations for assets spanning multiple organizations from one or more record sources, generates a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody based on this data, and generates appraisal and certification result information, including the authenticity strength classification of the assets, based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of these two chains.

[0049] (Overview of the appraisal certification system) The appraisal and certification system comprises at least an acquisition means, a providence chain generation means, a custody chain generation means, and an appraisal and certification result generation means. The acquisition means acquires the necessary data from a recording base. The providence chain generation means connects the acquired data to generate a Chain of Provenance. The custody chain generation means connects data relating to the subject and location to generate a Chain of Custody. The appraisal and certification result generation means evaluates both chains and generates appraisal and certification result information including authenticity strength classification, anomaly type code, and supporting information.

[0050] (Acquisition method) The acquisition means acquires data related to assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations. The recording infrastructure may be single or multiple. The acquisition means may acquire not only data directly corresponding to the identifier to be examined, but also peripheral data that can be connected to the identifier to be examined. The data to be acquired may be data on a recording infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology, data on a recording infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology, or data on a recording infrastructure using hybrid technology that combines both.

[0051] (Means for generating a providence chain) The providence chain generation means connects data relating to assets, events, states, assertions, and evidence across integration or separation to generate a Chain of Provenance. Here, the Chain of Provenance does not refer only to the time-series history of a single asset, but is a verifiable provenance chain that spans multiple assets, multiple events, and multiple parties. The providence chain generation means may use asset identifiers, event times, connection information, state codes, and evidence reference identifiers to form sequential relationships, established relationships, hierarchical relationships, and state transition relationships.

[0052] (custody chain generation means) The custody chain generation means generates a Chain of Custody that shows the chain of ownership or management related to an asset, using data on the entity and location. For tangible assets, a series of events indicating a change in the custody entity or custody location is generated as the Chain of Custody. For intangible assets, a series of events indicating a change in the actual managing entity, management area, or management location may be generated as the Chain of Custody. For composite assets, a Chain of Custody for the entire composite asset and a Chain of Custody for each component asset may be generated separately.

[0053] (Method for generating appraisal certificate results) The expert opinion result generation means evaluates the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of the Chain of Provenance and Chain of Custody, and generates an authenticity strength classification. Furthermore, if necessary, it may generate expert opinion result information that includes anomaly type code, evidence event identification information, evidence assertion identification information, evidence reference identification information, selective disclosure information, re-verification request information, re-signature request information, re-certification request information, and other auxiliary information.

[0054] (Second Embodiment: Assets and Composite Assets) In this embodiment, the assets covered by the appraisal and certification system will be described. An asset refers to a tangible asset, an intangible asset, or a composite asset. A composite asset refers to an asset that includes or references two or more component assets. Component assets may be tangible assets, intangible assets, or other composite assets.

[0055] (Tangible assets) Tangible assets include products, raw materials, parts, equipment, transporters, packaging, facilities, tools, and other objects with physical substance. Since tangible assets can be held, transported, delivered, stored, or installed by an entity, the custody entity, custody location, transfer time, and delivery status can be recorded relatively directly.

[0056] (Intangible assets) Intangible assets include software, design data, configuration data, digital content, usage rights, certification information, configuration information, and other non-physical objects. For intangible assets, changes in the managing entity, management area, management location, or control authority may be treated as a chain of ownership or management, rather than physical possession.

[0057] (Composite Assets) A composite asset is an asset that is treated as a single entity, comprising multiple constituent assets. A composite asset may consist only of tangible assets, may include both tangible and intangible assets, or may consist only of intangible assets.

[0058] (Hierarchical relationship of constituent assets) A composite asset may be a component asset of another composite asset. That is, a component asset may recursively include a composite asset. The providence chain generation means may generate a Chain of Provenance including a multi-level hierarchical structure using parent-child asset relationships, integration events, and separation events. The custody chain generation means may distinguish between changes in the custody of the entire composite asset and changes in the custody of each component asset.

[0059] (Third Embodiment: Chain of Provenance) This embodiment describes the Chain of Provenance generated by the appraisal and certification system. The Chain of Provenance is a verifiable provenance chain that connects multiple assets, events, and parties across integrations and separations.

[0060] (Data related to assets) Asset data may include asset identifiers, asset types, parent asset identifiers, child asset identifiers, component asset identifiers, asset attributes, and other information that identifies or describes the asset. Asset data may exist for tangible assets, intangible assets, and composite assets. The providence chain generation means may search for candidate connections with other data, starting from the asset identifier.

[0061] (Event-related data) Event data represents events such as creation, transfer, delivery, integration, separation, updating, inspection, evaluation, signing, resigning, recertification, and other occurrences. Event data may include an event identifier, event type, event time, involved asset identifier, involved entity identifier, and associated location information. The providence chain generation means connects the event data sequentially to form a chain representing the origin and transformation of assets.

[0062] (Data related to the state) Status data indicates changes in the status of an asset or event. Status data may include a status code, target identifier, successor identifier, status time, and status issuer. The providence chain generation means may use status data to reflect relationships of expiration, correction, replacement, suspension, or renewal in the Chain of Provenance.

[0063] (Data on assertion) Assertion data represents claims about assets, events, or states. Assertion data may include an assertion identifier, a subject identifier, the content of the assertion, the issuer, the time of issue, and evidence references. The providence chain generation means may link assertion data to the asset or event that is the subject of the assertion.

[0064] (Data related to evidence) Evidence data is information that supports an event, state, or assertion. Evidence data may include evidence reference identifiers, evidence type codes, access control categories, evidence body identification information, or verification data. The providence chain generation means enhances the verifiability of provenance by associating evidence data with the Chain of Provenance.

[0065] (Connections spanning integration and separation) The Chain of Provenance is formed across integration and separation events. In integration events, multiple assets are connected to a single composite asset or higher-level asset. In separation events, one asset is connected to multiple assets. The Provenance Chain Generation Means connect these events with the preceding and succeeding asset data to generate a history as a chain of relationships.

[0066] (Fourth Embodiment: Chain of Custody) In the fourth embodiment, the Chain of Custody generated by the authentication certification system will be described. For tangible assets, the Chain of Custody is generated as a sequence of events indicating a change in the custody entity or custody location. In the present invention, for intangible assets, a sequence of events indicating a change in the management entity, management area, or management location may be treated as a chain similar to the Chain of Custody described above.

[0067] (custody main) A custody entity refers to an entity that owns, manages, transfers, or assumes responsibility for managing the asset in question. For tangible assets, the actual owner is the custody entity. For intangible assets, the entity with management or control authority may be treated as the custody entity. The entity data 75 may include information that identifies or describes the custody entity, managing entity, entity responsible for management, or entity with control authority.

[0068] (custody location) A custody location refers to the location where an asset is owned, stored, moved, placed, or managed. For tangible assets, a storage location, transport route, delivery location, or installation location may be treated as a custody location. For intangible assets, a logical storage location, management area, usage area, or control environment may be treated as a custody location. Location data 76 may include information that identifies or describes the custody location, management location, management area, usage area, or control environment.

[0069] (Relocation time) The transfer time refers to the time or time period when a change occurs in the custody subject or custody location. The custody chain generation means may use the transfer time to determine the order of events on the Chain of Custody. The transfer time may be associated with data 75 related to the subject or data 76 related to the location.

[0070] (Delivery status) The delivery status is information indicating that an asset is in a state of delivery, receipt, transport, storage, suspension, return, or other ownership / management status. The custody chain generation means may use the delivery status to reinforce the semantic relationships between events on the Chain of Custody. The delivery status may be associated with data 75 relating to the subject or data 76 relating to the location.

[0071] (Custody chain related to complex assets) For composite assets, the change in custody for the entire composite asset may not match the change in custody for each component asset. Therefore, the appraisal and certification system may maintain separate Chains of Custody for the entire composite asset and Chains of Custody or equivalent management chains for each component asset.

[0072] (Fifth Embodiment: Authenticity Strength Class) In this embodiment, authenticity strength classifications based on the Chain of Provenance and Chain of Custody will be described. The authenticity strength classification indicates how strongly the authenticity of an asset is supported.

[0073] (High classification) Higher-level divisions are generated when the continuity of the Chain of Provenance is established, the continuity of the Chain of Custody is established, and the mutual correspondence between the two chains is established.

[0074] (medium category) Intermediate divisions are generated when at least one of the Chain of Provenance continuity or Chain of Custody continuity is met, and some of the mutual correspondences are met.

[0075] (lower category) A lower-level segment is generated when at least one of the Chain of Provenance continuity and Chain of Custody continuity is not met, or when there is no mutual correspondence.

[0076] (Continuity) Continuity refers to the fact that the events, states, subjects, or locations that constitute a chain are connected without any gaps.

[0077] (integrity) Consistency means that each data element within a chain is not contradictory to one another.

[0078] (Mutual correspondence) Interrelationship refers to the ability to explain that the information contained in both the Chain of Provenance and the Chain of Custody refers to the same asset or the same change.

[0079] (Sixth Embodiment: Recording Infrastructure) In this embodiment, the recording infrastructure from which the appraisal and certification system acquires data will be described. The recording infrastructure may be a recording infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology, a recording infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology, or a recording infrastructure that combines these using hybrid technology.

[0080] (Basic configuration of the recording infrastructure) The record-keeping infrastructure holds data on assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations, and makes them accessible from the acquisition means.

[0081] (A record-keeping infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology) A record-keeping infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology may include blockchain or other distributed ledger technologies.

[0082] (On-chain state) On-chain state refers to a state in which at least a portion of the above data is directly recorded on distributed ledger technology.

[0083] (Example of blockchain configuration) In this blockchain configuration example, at least a portion of the event data, state data, evidence reference identifiers, or subject data are recorded on the blockchain.

[0084] (Other distributed ledger technology configurations) In other distributed ledger technology configurations, data about events, states, evidence, or entities is recorded using distributed ledger technologies other than blockchain.

[0085] (A record-keeping infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology) Record infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology may include databases, distributed file servers, or external storage.

[0086] (Example database configuration) In this example database configuration, asset data, event data, status data, assertion data, evidence data, subject data, or location data are stored in a relational database or another database.

[0087] (Example of a distributed file server configuration) In a distributed file server configuration example, evidence, logs, event records, or assertion records are maintained on a file-by-file basis.

[0088] (Example of external storage configuration) In the example external storage configuration, data held in cloud storage, archive storage, or other external storage devices is utilized.

[0089] (Recording infrastructure using hybrid technology) In a hybrid technology-based recording infrastructure, a recording infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology and a recording infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology are used in combination.

[0090] (Seventh Embodiment: AI-Generated Information) This embodiment describes a configuration in which data generated or processed by AI is reflected in the appraisal certificate. Explainable AI (XAI) related information may be associated with the data generated or processed by the AI.

[0091] (Artificial intelligence model identification information) Artificial intelligence model identification information is information that identifies the model used to generate or process the data. Artificial intelligence model identification information may be associated with Explainable AI (XAI) related information.

[0092] (Model version) The model version number indicates the version of the artificial intelligence model.

[0093] (Generation time) The generation time is the time when the artificial intelligence model generated or processed the data.

[0094] (Generated hash value) The generated hash value is the hash value calculated for the result generated or processed by AI.

[0095] (Conversion history identifier) The transformation history identifier is information that identifies the history of processing, transformation, or regeneration performed by AI.

[0096] (Information related to Explainable AI (XAI)) Explainable AI (XAI) related information is associated with artificial intelligence (AI) generation involvement information and is information used to explain the basis for generation or processing by the AI ​​model. Explainable AI (XAI) related information may include explanation method identification information, explanation target identification information, explanation basis information, contributing feature information, or explanation result hash value. The appraisal result generation means may calculate an automatically generated suspicion index based on the presence or absence of Explainable AI (XAI) related information, explanation method identification information, explanation basis information, contributing feature information, or explanation result hash value.

[0097] (Automatically generated suspicion index) The automatically generated suspicion index is an index calculated based on AI-generated involvement information.

[0098] (Automatically generated suspicious abnormality) An automatically generated error is an error that is generated when the automatically generated error index is above a threshold.

[0099] (Eighth Embodiment: Zero-Knowledge Proof Data) In this embodiment, data that proves only the conditions for establishment without directly disclosing attribute values ​​or the evidence itself will be described.

[0100] (Non-disclosure certification data) Non-disclosure certification data is data used to prove predetermined conditions for establishment without disclosing attribute values ​​or the main body of evidence.

[0101] (Zero-knowledge proof data) Zero-knowledge proof data is an example of non-disclosure proof data, which demonstrates that the subject of proof meets certain conditions without disclosing the content of the subject itself.

[0102] (Verification results) The verification results indicate whether the verification of non-disclosure proof data or zero-knowledge proof data was successful or not.

[0103] (Reflection in the authenticity strength classification) The appraisal certificate result generation means may perform an upward correction to the authenticity strength category if the verification result of the zero-knowledge proof data is positive.

[0104] (Ninth Embodiment: Digital Representation Assets) In this embodiment, we further describe a configuration in which the providence chain generation means connects data related to events on the real asset side and data related to events on the digital side to the Chain of Provenance based on twin correspondence information.

[0105] (Digital Twin Asset Identifier) A digital twin asset identifier is information that identifies a digital twin asset that corresponds to a real-world asset.

[0106] (RWA representation asset identifier) An RWA representation asset identifier is information that identifies an asset that electronically represents a right, value, or representation relating to a real asset.

[0107] (Twin compatibility information) Twin correspondence information is information that shows the correspondence between a real asset identifier and a digital representation asset identifier. Twin correspondence information may include information for associating data on events on the real asset side with data on events on the digital side. The providence chain generation means may identify the correspondence between data on events on the real asset side and data on events on the digital side based on the above twin correspondence information.

[0108] (Connecting data on events on the real-world asset side with data on events on the digital side) The providence chain generation means may identify data relating to events on the real-world asset side and data relating to events on the digital representation asset side corresponding to the real-world asset, based on twin-corresponding information. The providence chain generation means may connect the identified data relating to events on the real-world asset side and the data relating to events on the digital side as events indicating a state change, rights change, synchronization change, or representation change of the same or corresponding asset to the Chain of Provenance. Such connections may include configurations that connect data relating to events on the real-world asset side to data relating to events on the digital side, connect data relating to events on the digital side to data relating to events on the real-world asset side, or connect data relating to both types of events to data relating to a common asset. As a specific connection process, the providence chain generation means may perform a process that includes a reference link (pointer or hash value) to a digital event identifier within the event data on the real-world asset side, or a process that includes a reference link to a real-world asset event identifier within the event data on the digital side. Furthermore, even if there is a time difference (asynchronous) between the event occurrence time on the real asset side and the event occurrence time on the digital side, the providence chain generation means may associate and record these as adjacent or parallel nodes on the Chain of Provenance as a series of changes caused by substantially the same event, as long as they are within the acceptable time difference defined in the twin correspondence information.

[0109] (Synchronization status information) Synchronization status information is information that indicates the state correspondence between real-world assets and digital representation assets. Synchronization status information may indicate the correspondence of state, time, rights, attributes, or representations shown by the data related to events on both the real-world asset side and the digital side when these data are connected in a Chain of Provenance.

[0110] (Twin divergence anomaly) A twin divergence anomaly is an anomaly that occurs when synchronization state information indicates a mismatch or lack of synchronization. The appraisal result generation means may determine the divergence between the state change on the real asset side and the state change on the digital representation asset side using data on events on the real asset side connected to the Chain of Provenance, data on events on the digital side, and synchronization state information. The appraisal result generation means may generate a twin divergence anomaly if the divergence satisfies predetermined conditions.

[0111] (Tenth Embodiment: Cryptographic Method Transition) In this embodiment, we will describe the transition of encryption methods to maintain the continuity of verification of records or evidence.

[0112] (Cryptographic method identification information) The encryption method identification information is information that indicates the encryption method used to protect or verify the above data.

[0113] (Key distribution method identification information) Key distribution scheme identification information is information that indicates the key distribution scheme used to protect or verify the above data.

[0114] (Migration status information) The migration status information indicates whether the encryption method or key distribution method is in the pre-migration, migration in progress, or post-migration state.

[0115] (Transition deadline information) The transition deadline information indicates the deadline by which a transition should be made from one system to another.

[0116] (Resignature request status information) The re-signature request status information indicates that re-signing is necessary to maintain the continuity of verification.

[0117] (Recertification request status information) The recertification request status information indicates that recertification is necessary to maintain the continuity of verification.

[0118] (Embodiment 11: Quantum Computing Threat Assessment) In this embodiment, we describe a configuration for evaluating the risk of decreased verification continuity due to advancements in quantum computing.

[0119] (Quantum Computing Threat Assessment Table) The quantum computer threat assessment table holds assessment information corresponding to cryptographic scheme identifiers, key distribution scheme identifiers, signature time, transition deadline information, or external threat assessment identifiers.

[0120] (External threat assessment identification information) External threat assessment identification information is information that identifies a threat assessment provided by an external organization or system.

[0121] (Quantum computer threat status information) The quantum computer threat status information may be information generated by referring to a quantum computer threat assessment table, with inputs including at least a portion of the cryptographic scheme identification information, key distribution scheme identification information, signature time, transition deadline information, and external threat assessment identification information.

[0122] (Quantum threat re-evaluation event data) Quantum threat reverification event data is generated when the quantum computer threat state information exceeds a threshold. Resigning event data is generated when resigning is required based on the quantum computer threat state information, cryptographic scheme identification information, signature time, or transition deadline information. Reproofing event data is generated when reproofing is required based on the quantum computer threat state information, key distribution scheme identification information, signature time, or transition deadline information.

[0123] (Quantum threat anomaly) A quantum threat anomaly is generated when the quantum computer threat state information is above a predetermined threshold and re-verification, re-signing, or re-proofing is not yet completed. Furthermore, if the deadline indicated by the transition deadline information has passed, the above quantum threat anomaly may be generated preferentially.

[0124] (12th Embodiment: Method of Appraisal and Certification) In this embodiment, the appraisal and certification method according to the present invention will be described.

[0125] (Data acquisition process) The data acquisition process involves acquiring data on assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations from one or more recording sources.

[0126] (Chain of Provenance generation process) In the Chain of Provenance generation process, a providence chain spanning integration or separation is generated based on the acquired data.

[0127] (Chain of Custody generation process) In the Chain of Custody generation process, a chain is generated that shows changes in the custody entity or custody location based on the acquired data.

[0128] (Authenticity strength classification generation process) In the authenticity strength classification generation process, the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of the Chain of Provenance and Chain of Custody are evaluated, and high-level and medium-level classifications may be generated if at least a part of the continuity of the Chain of Provenance, the continuity of the Chain of Custody, or the interrelationships can be confirmed.

[0129] (13th Embodiment: Method Configuration by Recording Substrate) In this embodiment, the method configuration for each type of recording infrastructure will be described. Figure 6 shows the types of recording infrastructure, Figure 7 shows an example using a recording infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology, Figure 8 shows an example using a recording infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology, and Figure 9 shows an example using a recording infrastructure with hybrid technology.

[0130] (A method using a record-keeping infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology) In methods that utilize a record infrastructure based on distributed ledger technology, data that is on-chain or data on other distributed ledger technologies is retrieved, and a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody are generated.

[0131] (A method using a record-keeping infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology) In methods that do not utilize distributed ledger technology, data is obtained from a database, distributed file server, or external storage, and a Chain of Provenance and Chain of Custody are generated in the same manner.

[0132] (Method using a hybrid technology recording infrastructure) In the hybrid technology-based recording infrastructure method, data is acquired from both a recording infrastructure that utilizes distributed ledger technology and a recording infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology. The acquired data is then integrated to generate a Chain of Provenance and a Chain of Custody.

[0133] (14th Embodiment Program) In this embodiment, a program according to the present invention will be described.

[0134] (Acquisition method) The program may cause the computer to function as a means of acquiring data relating to assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations.

[0135] (Means for generating a providence chain) The program may allow the computer to function as a means of generating a chain of provenance based on acquired data.

[0136] (custody chain generation means) The program may allow the computer to function as a custody chain generator, generating a Chain of Custody based on acquired data.

[0137] (Method for generating appraisal certificate results) The program may function as a means for generating appraisal results, which generates appraisal result information including authenticity strength classifications, based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of the Chain of Provenance and Chain of Custody.

[0138] (Variation of Embodiment 15) In this embodiment, modified examples of each configuration will be described.

[0139] (Asset type modification) Assets are not limited to tangible assets, intangible assets, or composite assets, but may also be objects that combine multiple management units or multiple representation units.

[0140] (Modified recording substrate) The recording infrastructure is not limited to the above-described configuration examples, and may be a combination of multiple layers of recording infrastructures, including those utilizing distributed ledger technology, those not utilizing distributed ledger technology, or those using hybrid technology.

[0141] (A modified version of AI-generated information) AI generation involvement information is not limited to artificial intelligence model identification information, explainable AI (XAI) related information, model version, generation time, generation result hash value, or transformation history identifier, but may also include source identification information, generation parameters, or evaluation metadata. Explainable AI (XAI) related information is not limited to explanation method identification information, explanation target identification information, explanation rationale information, contributing feature information, or explanation result hash value, but may also include other information to explain the rationale for generating or processing the artificial intelligence model.

[0142] (A variation of zero-knowledge proof data) Zero-knowledge proof data is not limited to a specific format and may include other non-disclosed proof data that allows verification of the conditions for establishment without disclosure.

[0143] (Examples of digital representation assets) Digital representation assets are not limited to digital twin asset identifiers or RWA representation asset identifiers, but may also include other electronic representations corresponding to physical assets.

[0144] (A modified version of the encryption method transition) The transition to an encryption method is not limited to the PQC or QKD method, but may include a transition to other encryption methods or key distribution methods.

[0145] (A variation of the quantum computer threat assessment) The quantum computer threat assessment table is not limited to cryptographic scheme identifiers, key distribution scheme identifiers, signature time, transition deadline information, or external threat assessment identifiers, but may include other threat assessment elements.

[0146] (Other forms of modification) The present invention can be implemented by adding, deleting, substituting, or combining the configurations described in each of the above embodiments as appropriate. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0147] 10. Authentication and Certification System 11 Acquisition method 12. Means for generating a providence chain 13 Custody chain generation means 14. Method for generating appraisal certificate results 20 Recording infrastructure 21 Record infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology 22 Record infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology 23. Recording infrastructure using hybrid technology 30 Assets 31. Assets that are tangible. 32. Intangible assets 33. Mixed Assets 40 Chain of Provenance 50 Chain of Custody 60 Appraisal Certificate Result Information 61 Authenticity strength classification 70 Asset-related data 71 Event-related data 72. Data related to the state 73 Data on Assertion 74. Data on evidence 75 Data on the entities involved 76 Location-related data 80 AI-generated information 81 Non-disclosure certification data 82 Digital Representation Asset Identifiers 83 Twin Compatibility Information 84 Synchronization status information 85 Encryption method identification information 86 Key distribution method identification information 87. Transition Status Information 88. Transition Deadline Information 89 Quantum Computing Threat Assessment Table 90 Quantum Computer Threat Status Information 91 Automatically generated suspicion indicators 92 Automatically generated suspicious abnormality 93 Twin divergence anomaly 94 Re-signature request status information 95 Recertification Request Status Information 96 Quantum Threat Anomaly 97 Quantum Threat Re-examination Event Data 98 Re-signature event data 99 Re-proof Event Data

Claims

1. An appraisal and certification system that provides appraisal and certification for assets spanning multiple organizations, means of acquisition, A means for generating a providence chain, A means for generating a custody chain, A means for generating appraisal certificate results, Equipped with, The acquisition means acquires data relating to assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations from one or more recording sources. The providence chain generation means generates a Chain of Provenance based on the data, The custody chain generation means generates a Chain of Custody based on the data, The appraisal certificate result generation means generates appraisal certificate result information, including the authenticity strength classification of the asset, based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of the Chain of Provenance and the Chain of Custody. The authenticity strength classification includes high-level classification, medium-level classification, and low-level classification. The aforementioned appraisal certificate result generation means is When the continuity of the Chain of Provenance, the continuity of the Chain of Custody, and the mutual correspondence are met, a higher-level division is generated. When at least a part of the aforementioned continuity or the aforementioned correspondence is met, an intermediate division is generated. When neither the aforementioned continuity nor the aforementioned correspondence is met, or when there is a contradiction in the aforementioned correspondence, a lower-level category is generated. Authentication and certification system.

2. The aforementioned assets refer to tangible assets, intangible assets, or composite assets. The aforementioned composite asset refers to an asset that includes or references two or more component assets. The aforementioned constituent assets are tangible assets, intangible assets, or other composite assets. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1.

3. The Chain of Provenance is a chain connecting the data relating to the asset, the data relating to the event, the data relating to the state, the data relating to the assertion, and the data relating to the evidence, across integration or separation. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1.

4. The aforementioned Chain of Custody (or a similar chain) For tangible assets, this is a column of events indicating a change in the custody entity or custody location. For intangible assets, this is a column of events indicating a change in the managing entity or management authority. For composite assets, include the column for the aforementioned events for each component asset. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1.

5. The aforementioned recording substrate is A record infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology, Record infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology, A recording substrate using hybrid technology that combines the two aforementioned recording substrates, including at least one of the following: The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1.

6. The record infrastructure utilizing the aforementioned distributed ledger technology includes blockchain or other distributed ledger technologies. At least a portion of the aforementioned data is managed on-chain. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 5.

7. A record infrastructure that does not utilize the aforementioned distributed ledger technology includes a database, a distributed file server, or external storage. The aforementioned hybrid technology recording infrastructure uses in combination the recording infrastructure described in claim 6 and the recording infrastructure that does not utilize the distributed ledger technology. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 5.

8. The data relating to the aforementioned event, the data relating to the aforementioned assertion, or the data relating to the aforementioned evidence includes artificial intelligence (AI) generated information. The aforementioned artificial intelligence (AI) generation involvement information includes artificial intelligence model identification information, explainable AI (XAI) related information, model version, generation time, generation result hash value or conversion history identifier, The aforementioned Explainable AI (XAI) related information includes explanation method identification information, explanation target identification information, explanation basis information, contributing feature information, or explanation result hash value. The appraisal certificate result generation means calculates an automatically generated suspicion index based on the artificial intelligence (AI) generation involvement information, and generates an automatically generated suspicion anomaly when the automatically generated suspicion index is above a threshold. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1.

9. The data relating to the aforementioned event or the data relating to the aforementioned assertion includes non-disclosure certification data, The aforementioned non-disclosure proof data includes zero-knowledge proof data that proves the conditions for establishment without disclosing attribute values ​​or the main body of evidence, The appraisal certificate result generation means verifies the non-disclosure certificate data and reflects the verification results in the determination of the authenticity strength category. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1.

10. The acquisition means acquires a real asset identifier and a digital representation asset identifier, The aforementioned digital representation asset identifier is a digital twin asset identifier or an RWA (Real World Assets) representation asset identifier. The acquisition means acquires twin correspondence information and synchronization status information indicating the correspondence between the real asset identifier and the digital representation asset identifier. The providence chain generation means connects data relating to events on the real asset side and data relating to events on the digital side to the Chain of Provenance based on the twin correspondence information, The appraisal certificate result generation means generates a twin divergence anomaly based on the synchronization state information. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 2.

11. The data relating to the event, the data relating to the assertion, the data relating to the state, or the data relating to the evidence includes cryptographic identification information, key distribution identification information, transition state information, or transition deadline information. The aforementioned cryptographic scheme identification information indicates the target for transition to the PQC (Post-Quantum Cryptography) scheme. The aforementioned key distribution method identification information indicates the target for transition to the QKD (Quantum Key Distribution) method. The authentication certificate result generation means determines the continuity of verification based on the cryptographic scheme identification information, the key distribution scheme identification information, the transition status information, or the transition deadline information, and generates re-signature request status information or re-certification request status information. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 1.

12. The aforementioned appraisal certificate result generation means refers to a quantum computer threat assessment table, The aforementioned quantum computer threat assessment table corresponds to cryptographic scheme identification information, key distribution scheme identification information, signature time, transition deadline information, or external threat assessment identification information. The appraisal and certification result generation means generates quantum computer threat state information based on the quantum computer threat assessment table, and when the quantum computer threat state information is above a threshold, generates quantum threat re-verification event data, re-signature event data, re-certification event data, or quantum threat anomaly. The appraisal and certification system according to claim 11.

13. A computer-based authentication and certification method, A process of acquiring data relating to assets, events, states, assertions, evidence, subjects, and locations from one or more recording sources, A step of generating a Chain of Provenance based on the aforementioned data, A step of generating a Chain of Custody based on the aforementioned data, A process of generating appraisal certification result information, including the authenticity strength classification of assets, based on the continuity, consistency, and interrelationship of the Chain of Provenance and the Chain of Custody, Includes, The authenticity strength classification includes high-level classification, medium-level classification, and low-level classification. In the process of generating the aforementioned appraisal certificate information, When the continuity of the Chain of Provenance, the continuity of the Chain of Custody, and the mutual correspondence are met, a higher-level division is generated. When at least a part of the aforementioned continuity or the aforementioned correspondence is met, an intermediate division is generated. When neither the aforementioned continuity nor the aforementioned correspondence is met, or when there is a contradiction in the aforementioned correspondence, a lower-level category is generated. Method of authentication and certification.

14. The aforementioned appraisal and certification method uses the aforementioned record base as, Record infrastructure utilizing distributed ledger technology Record infrastructure that does not utilize distributed ledger technology, Alternatively, a recording infrastructure using hybrid technologies that combine these. Use The method of certification of expert opinion as described in claim 13.

15. A program for causing a computer to function as the acquisition means, providence chain generation means, custody chain generation means, and appraisal certificate result generation means described in claim 1.

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