SYSTEM FOR CALCULATING A CHANGE IN FLUID VOLUME IN A PUMPING CHAMBER

Abstract

Improvements to fluid volume measurement systems are described for a pneumatically actuated diaphragm pump in general, and a peritoneal dialysis cycler using a pump cassette in particular; the pump fluid volume measurements are based on pressure measurements in a pump control chamber and a reference chamber in a two-chamber model, with different sections of the apparatus being designed using a combination of adiabatic, isothermal, and polytropic processes; real-time or instantaneous fluid flow measurements in a pump chamber of a diaphragm pump are also described, in this case using an ideal gas model of one chamber and using a high-speed processor to obtain and process the pump control chamber pressures during fluid flow into or out of the pump chamber;Also described is an improved heater control circuit system to provide added or redundant safety measurements or to reduce current leakage from a heater element during pulse-width modulation control of the heater; improvements are also described in the application of negative pressure during a drainage phase in peritoneal dialysis therapy and to control the amount of intraperitoneal fluid accumulation during therapy; improvements are also described in the efficiency of fluid movement into and out of a two-pump heater cassette and bag of a peritoneal dialysis cycler and in the synchronization of the operation of two or more pumps in a peritoneal dialysis cycler or other fluid handling devices that use a multi-pump arrangement.

Description

SYSTEM TO CALCULATE A CHANGE IN FLUID VOLUME IN A PUMPING CHAMBER CROSS REFERENCE WITH RELATED REQUESTS This application claims the benefit of the following: US Provisional Application No. 62 / 008,342 filed June 5, 2014; US Provisional Application No. 62 / 155,937 filed May 1, 2015; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 159,737 filed May 11, 2015. The above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) involves the periodic infusion of a sterile aqueous solution (called peritoneal dialysis solution or dialysate) into a patient's peritoneal cavity. Exchanges by diffusion and osmosis take place between the solution and the bloodstream through the natural body membranes. These exchanges transfer waste products to the dialysate that the kidneys normally excrete. Waste products typically consist of solutes such as sodium and chloride ions and other compounds normally excreted through the kidneys such as urea, creatinine, and water. The diffusion of water through the peritoneal membrane during dialysis is called ultrafiltration. Conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions include dextrose in concentrations sufficient to generate the necessary osmotic pressure to remove water from the patient via ultrafiltration. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is a popular form of PD. A patient manually performs CAPD approximately four times a day. During a drain / fill procedure for CAPD, the patient initially drains spent peritoneal dialysis solution from his peritoneal cavity, and then infuses fresh peritoneal dialysis solution into his peritoneal cavity. This drain and fill procedure usually requires approximately 1 hour. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) is another popular form of PD. APD uses a machine, called a cycler, to automatically infuse, reside, and drain peritoneal dialysis solution into and out of the patient's peritoneal cavity. APD is particularly attractive to a PD patient, since it can be performed at night while the patient is asleep. This frees the patient from the day-to-day requirements of CAPD during their waking and working hours. The APD sequence typically lasts several hours. It often begins with an initial drainage phase or Locnn / ίζηζ / Ε / νίΛΐ to empty the peritoneal cavity of spent dialysate. The APD sequence then proceeds through a succession of fill, residence, and drain phases that follow one after the other. Each fill / residence / drain sequence is called a cycle. During the fill phase, the cycler transfers a predetermined volume of cool, warm dialysate into the patient's peritoneal cavity. The dialysate remains (or resides) within the peritoneal cavity for a period of time. This is called the residency phase. During the drain phase, the cycler removes the spent dialysate from the peritoneal cavity. The number of fill / residence / drain cycles required during a given APD session depends on the total volume of dialysate prescribed for the patient's APD regimen and is either entered as part of the treatment prescription or calculated via the cycler . APD can and is practiced in different ways. Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) is a commonly used APD modality. During each CCPD Fill / Residence / Drain phase, the cycler infuses a prescribed volume of dialysate. After a prescribed residence period, the cycler completely drains this volume of fluid from the patient, leaving the peritoneal cavity empty, or dry. CCPD typically employs 4-8 fill / reside / drain cycles to achieve a prescribed therapy volume. After the last prescribed fill / residence / drain cycle in CCPD, the cycler infuses a final fill volume. The final fill volume resides in the patient for an extended period of time. It is drained either at the start of the next CCPD session at night or during a mid-day exchange. The final fill volume may contain a different concentration of dextrose than the fill volume of successive CCPD fill / residence / drain cycles provided by the cycler. Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD) is another modality of APD. IPD is typically used in acute situations, when a patient suddenly goes on dialysis therapy. IPD can also be used when the patient requires PD, but is unable to assume the responsibilities of CAPD or otherwise do so at home. Like CCPD, IPD involves a series of fill / residence / drain cycles. Unlike the CCPD, the IPD does not include a final phase of filling. In IPD, the patient's peritoneal cavity is free of dialysate (or dry) between sessions of APD therapy. Physiological Variation Peritoneal Dialysis (TPD) is another modality of APD. Like CCPD, TPD includes a series of fill / residence / drain cycles. Unlike CCPD, TPD does not completely drain the dialysate from the peritoneal cavity during each drainage phase. Rather, TPD establishes a base volume during the first fill phase and drains only once. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ portion of this volume during the first drain phase. Subsequent fill / residence / drain cycles fill and then drain a replacement volume on top of the base volume. The last phase of drainage removes all the dialysate from the peritoneal cavity. There is a variation of TPD that includes cycles during which the patient is completely drained and infused with a new full base dialysis volume. TPD may include a final fill cycle, like CCPD. Alternatively, TPD can bypass the final fill cycle, like IPD. APD offers flexibility and quality of life improvements to a person requiring dialysis. APD can free the patient from the fatigue and inconvenience that the day-to-day practice of CAPD presents to some individuals. APD can return the patient to their waking and working hours free of the need to conduct exchange dialysis. Still, the complexity and size of prior machines and associated disposables for various modalities of APD have prevented broad patient acceptance of APD as an alternative to manual peritoneal dialysis methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, a system for metering a quantity of liquid in a pumping chamber of a pneumatically actuated diaphragm pump is described. The system comprises a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet connected to the pumping chamber; a diaphragm separating a pneumatically actuated control chamber from the pumping chamber, the pumping chamber fluidly connected to a reference chamber of known volume via a conduit including a reference chamber valve; the control chamber fluidly controlled by means of one or more actuation valves to a source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure; and a controller configured to control the fluid inlet and fluid outlet valves and to receive pressure data from a first pressure sensor connected to the drive chamber and a second pressure sensor connected to the reference chamber. The controller is configured to isolate the pumping chamber by closing the fluid inlet and outlet valves, charging the control chamber with a first pneumatic pressure; venting the reference chamber or setting a pneumatic pressure in the reference chamber that is different from the pneumatic pressure in the control chamber; measuring a first control chamber pressure and a first reference chamber pressure, connecting the control chamber to the reference chamber by opening the reference chamber valve, measuring a third equalized pneumatic pressure in the control chambers and reference chamber and calculate a control chamber volume based on an ideal gas model that assumes an adiabatic pressure equalization process in the reference chamber and a Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ polytropic pressure equalization process in the control chamber. The model can optionally additionally assume an isothermal process in the duct while moving a gas from the control chamber to the reference chamber during the equalization process. The model applied to the control chamber can also use a polytropic coefficient in the ideal gas model, where the controller is programmed to vary the polytropic coefficient as a predefined function of the control chamber volume. The controller can also be programmed to calculate a polytropic coefficient based on a calculated control chamber volume using a model that assumes an adiabatic pressure equalization process in the control chamber. In another aspect, a system for metering a quantity of liquid in a pumping chamber of a pneumatically driven diaphragm pump is described. The system comprises a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet connected to the pumping chamber; a diaphragm separating a pneumatically actuated control chamber from the pumping chamber, the pumping chamber fluidly connected to a reference chamber of known volume via a conduit including a reference chamber valve; the control chamber fluidly controlled by means of one or more actuation valves to a source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure; and a controller configured to control the fluid inlet and fluid outlet valves and to receive pressure data from a first pressure sensor connected to the drive chamber and a second pressure sensor connected to the reference chamber. The controller is configured to isolate the pumping chamber by closing the fluid inlet and outlet valves, charging the control chamber with a first pneumatic pressure; venting the reference chamber or setting a pneumatic pressure in the reference chamber that is different from the pneumatic pressure in the control chamber; measuring a first control chamber pressure and a first reference chamber pressure, connecting the control chamber to the reference chamber by opening the reference chamber valve, and equalizing the pressures between the control chamber and the reference chamber. reference chamber, measure a third equalized pneumatic pressure in the control and reference chambers. The controller is configured to calculate a control chamber volume based on an ideal gas model that assumes the presence of the three closed mass systems of a gas comprising: a first mass system that occupies the control chamber at end of pressure equalization; and a second mass system that occupies the reference chamber before pressure equalization; and a third mass system that occupies the conduit, a portion of the control chamber, and a portion of the reference chamber after pressure equalization begins between the control and reference chambers. The model can optionally assume an expansion of the first mass system after pressure equalization begins, the expansion is designed as a process Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ polytropic. The model can also assume a compression of the second mass system after pressure equalization begins, the compression being designed as an adiabatic process. The third mass system can be designed to be subdivided into component volumes, a first component volume occupying part of the control chamber and being polytropically designed, a second component volume occupying part of the reference chamber and being adiabatically designed, and a third component volume that occupies the conduit and is isothermally designed. In another aspect, a system for metering a quantity of liquid in a pumping chamber of a pneumatically driven diaphragm pump is disclosed. The system comprises a fluid inlet and fluid outlet valve connected to the pumping chamber; a diaphragm separating a pneumatically actuated control chamber from the pumping chamber, the pumping chamber fluidly connected to a reference chamber of known volume via a conduit including a reference chamber valve; the control chamber fluidly controlled by means of one or more actuation valves to a source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure; and a controller configured to control the fluid inlet and fluid outlet valves and to receive pressure data from a first pressure sensor connected to the drive chamber and a second pressure sensor connected to the reference chamber. The controller is configured to isolate the pumping chamber by closing the fluid inlet and outlet valves, charging the control chamber with a first pneumatic pressure; venting the reference chamber or setting a pneumatic pressure in the reference chamber that is different from the pneumatic pressure in the control chamber; measuring a first control chamber pressure and a first reference chamber pressure, connecting the control chamber to the reference chamber by opening the reference chamber valve, and equalizing the pressures between the control chamber and the reference chamber. reference chamber, measure a third equalized pneumatic pressure in the control and reference chambers. The controller is configured to calculate a control chamber volume based on an ideal gas model that assumes the presence of all three closed mass systems of a gas comprising: a first mass system occupying the control chamber before pressure equalization; a second mass system that occupies the reference chamber at the end of the pressure equalization; and a third mass system that occupies the conduit, a portion of the control chamber, and a portion of the reference chamber after pressure equalization begins between the control and reference chambers. The model can optionally assume a compression of the first mass system after pressure equalization begins, the compression being designed as a polytropic process. The model can also assume an expansion of the second mass system after pressure equalization begins, the expansion being designed as an adiabatic process. He Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ third mass system can be designed to be subdivided into component volumes, a first component volume occupying part of the control chamber and being polytropically designed, a second component volume occupying part of the reference chamber and which is designed adiabatically, and a third volume of the component that occupies the conduit and is designed isothermally. In another aspect, a system for metering a quantity of liquid in a pumping chamber of a pneumatically driven diaphragm pump is disclosed. The system comprises a fluid inlet and fluid outlet valve connected to the pumping chamber; a diaphragm separating a pneumatically actuated control chamber from the pumping chamber, the pumping chamber fluidly connected to a reference chamber of known volume via a conduit including a reference chamber valve; the control chamber fluidly controlled by means of one or more actuation valves to a source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure; and a controller configured to control the fluid inlet and fluid outlet valves and to receive pressure data from a first pressure sensor connected to the drive chamber and a second pressure sensor connected to the reference chamber. The controller is configured to isolate the pumping chamber by closing the fluid inlet and outlet valves, charging the control chamber with a first pneumatic pressure; venting the reference chamber or setting a pneumatic pressure in the reference chamber that is different from the pneumatic pressure in the control chamber; measuring a first control chamber pressure and a first reference chamber pressure, connecting the control chamber to the reference chamber by opening the reference chamber valve, and equalizing the pressures between the control chamber and the reference chamber. reference chamber, measure a third equalized pneumatic pressure in the control and reference chambers. The controller is configured to calculate the chamber volume based on an ideal gas model under a polytropic process and is configured to select a polytropic coefficient for the model using a predetermined function where the polytropic coefficient valve depends on y varies with the volume of the control chamber. The default function can be determined by setting the control chamber volume to a known volume, and calculating a polytropic coefficient corresponding to the known volumes of the control and reference chambers and the first, second, and third pressures measured before and after pressure equalization. The calculation is repeated many times, each time corresponding to setting the control chamber volume to a different known volume. The function may correspond to a lookup table from which the controller selects a polytropic coefficient corresponding to the calculated control chamber volume. Or the function may correspond to an equation that has been fitted to a plurality of calculated polytropic coefficients corresponding to a series of known control chamber volumes. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ In another aspect, a method for measuring a volume comprises: providing a chamber defined by one or more rigid impermeable boundaries and a movable impermeable boundary, where the volume of the chamber varies; set mobile limit; charging the chamber with a gas at a precharge pressure valve above ambient pressure and allowing the gas to come to thermal equilibrium with the chamber boundaries; record the pressure in the chamber as the first pressure; releasing the movable boundary and allowing the gas in the chamber to displace the movable boundary which displaces a volume from the liquid equivalent to the volume spanned by the movable boundary; allowing the gas in the chamber to again be in thermal equilibrium with the chamber boundaries; record the volume of fluid displaced; record the pressure in the chamber as the second pressure; and determine the volume of the chamber before displacement based on the first pressure, the second pressure, the volume of the displaced fluid, and an ideal gas model of the gas in the chamber between the first pressure record and the second pressure record. pressure. The ideal gas model can assume an isothermal process between the first pressure log and the second pressure log. The method may also comprise determining the volume of the chamber after displacement based on the first pressure, the second pressure, the volume of the displaced fluid, and an ideal gas model of the chamber gas between the first pressure record and the record. of the second pressure. In another aspect, a method for calibrating a known volume measurement procedure is described, comprising: providing a liquid pump apparatus having a pump chamber separated from a pump control chamber by a moving membrane and a reference chamber fluidly connectable to the pump control chamber, wherein the pump chamber is selectively connected to a liquid volume measuring device; fill one side of the pump chamber with liquid so that it occupies the majority of the pump control chamber; making a first provisional measurement of the volume of the pump control chamber using a known volume measurement method; charging the pump control chamber with a gas at a precharge pressure value and allowing the gas to come to thermal equilibrium with the limits of the pump control chamber; first record the pressure in the pump control chamber as the first pressure; connect the pump to the volume measurement device so that the loading pressure displaces the membrane, which displaces the liquid; leave the gas in the pump control chamber; recording the volume of the displaced fluid measured by the volume measuring device; second, record the pressure in the pump control chamber as the second pressure; determine the volume of the pump control chamber before displacement based on the first pressure, the second pressure, the volume of fluid displaced, and an ideal gas model of the gas in the control chamber between the first pressure record and registration of the second pressing; and calculate a first calibration coefficient based on the volume of the chamber Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ for pump control and the first provisional volume measurement. The method may further comprise: repeating the steps of make, load, first record pressure, connect, leave, record volume, second record pressure and determine until substantially all of the liquid in the pump chamber has been removed. expelled; storing the calibration coefficient and the interim volume measurements as a related pair and fitting a calibration equation to the stored values ​​of the calibration coefficient as a function of the related interim volume measurements. The accuracy of the determined volumes of the pump control chamber can be improved by averaging 1) a given determined volume, 2) the previous determined volume plus the previous displaced volume of water, and 3) the next determined volume minus the next determined volume of water. displaced. The accuracy of the first determined volume of the pump control chamber can also be improved by averaging 1) the first determined volume and 2) the next determined volume minus the next displaced volume of water. The accuracy of the last determined volume of the pump control chamber can also be improved by averaging 1) the last determined volume and 2) the previous determined volume plus the previous displaced volume of water. Determining the volume of the pump control chamber can be based on the ideal gas model that assumes a polytropic process with a coefficient of expansion close to 1. The method can furthermore: perform a plurality of pumping strokes with the pumping apparatus of liquid, wherein the known volume measurement procedure takes place after each fill and delivery pulse and the volume of liquid displaced by the liquid pumping apparatus is recorded for each pulse; correct the volumetric results of the known volume measurement procedure with the calibration equation; calculating a volume measurement error based on the corrected volumetric results and the recorded volume of liquid displaced; re-determine the pump control chamber volumes prior to displacement based on an ideal gas model, where the polytropic coefficient is adjusted based on volume measurement error; recalculate the calibration coefficients; re-correcting the volumetric results of the known volume measurement procedure with the recalculated calibration equation; and recalculating the volume measurement error based on the previously corrected volumetric results and the recorded volume of displaced liquid. In another aspect, a system for metering a quantity of liquid in a pumping chamber of a pneumatically driven diaphragm pump is described, comprising: a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet valve connected to the pumping chamber; a diaphragm separating a pneumatically actuated control chamber from a pumping chamber, the control chamber fluidly connected to a reference chamber of known volume via a conduit including a reference chamber valve; the control chamber connected in a way Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ flowed through one or more actuating valves to a source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure; a controller configured to control the fluid inlet and outlet valves, the reference chamber valve, and one or more drive valves and to receive pressure data from a first pressure sensor connected to the drive chamber and a second pressure sensor. pressure connected to the reference chamber ; wherein the controller is configured to isolate the pumping chamber by closing the fluid inlet and outlet valves, charging the control chamber with a first pneumatic pressure; venting the reference chamber or setting a pneumatic pressure in the reference chamber that is different from the pneumatic pressure in the control chamber; measure a first control chamber pressure and a first reference chamber pressure, connect the control chamber to the reference chamber by opening the reference chamber valve, and equalize the pressures between the control chamber and the reference chamber. reference, measure a third equalized pneumatic pressure in the control and reference chambers, and calculate a control chamber volume based on an ideal gas model under a polytropic procedure, in which the controller is configured to select a polytropic coefficient for the model using a predetermined function in which the value of the polytropic coefficient depends on and varies with a control chamber volume estimate that is calculated from the first control chamber pressure, the first reference chamber pressure, and the third equalized pressure based on an ideal gas model. The default function is determined by setting the control chamber volume to a known volume and calculating a polytropic coefficient corresponding to the known volumes of the control and reference chambers and the first, second, and third pressures measured before and after the pressure equalization; wherein said calculation is repeated many times, each said time corresponding to setting the volume of the control chamber to a different known volume. The function may correspond to a lookup table from which the controller selects a polytropic coefficient corresponding to the calculated control chamber volume. The function may correspond to an equation that has been fitted to a plurality of calculated polytropic coefficients corresponding to a series of known control chamber volumes. In another aspect, a system for metering a quantity of liquid in a pumping chamber of a pneumatically driven diaphragm pump is described, comprising: a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet valve connected to the pumping chamber; a diaphragm separating a pneumatically actuated control chamber from a pumping chamber, the control chamber fluidly connected to a reference chamber of known volume via a conduit including a reference chamber valve; the control chamber fluidly connected through one or more actuation valves to a source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure; a controller configured to control the fluid inlet and outlet valves, the reference chamber valve, and one or more actuating valves and to receive pressure data from q Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi a first pressure sensor connected to the drive chamber and a second pressure sensor connected to the reference chamber; wherein the controller is configured to isolate the pumping chamber by closing the fluid inlet and outlet valves, charging the control chamber with a first pneumatic pressure; venting the reference chamber or setting a pneumatic pressure in the reference chamber that is different from the pneumatic pressure in the control chamber; measure a first control chamber pressure and a first reference chamber pressure, connect the control chamber to the reference chamber by opening the reference chamber valve, and equalize the pressures between the control chamber and the reference chamber. reference, measure a third equalized pneumatic pressure in the control and reference chambers, and calculate a control chamber volume based on an ideal gas model under a polytropic procedure, in which the controller is configured to select a polytropic coefficient for the model using a predetermined function in which the value of the polytropic coefficient depends on and varies with a calculation of the volume of the control chamber. The default function is optionally determined by setting the control chamber volume to a known volume and calculating a polytropic coefficient corresponding to the known control and reference chamber volumes and the first, second, and third pressures measured before and after pressure equalization; wherein said calculation is repeated many times, each said time corresponding to setting the volume of the control chamber to a different known volume. The function may correspond to a lookup table from which the controller selects a polytropic coefficient corresponding to the calculated control chamber volume. The function may correspond to an equation that has been fitted to a plurality of calculated polytropic coefficients corresponding to a series of known control chamber volumes. In another aspect, a method of calibrating a volume measurement method of claim 2 is disclosed, wherein the accuracy of determined pump control chamber volumes can be improved by averaging 1) a given determined volume, 2) the previous determined volume plus the previous displaced water volume and 3) the next determined volume minus the next displaced water volume. In another aspect, a system is described for calculating a change in fluid volume in a pumping chamber of a pneumatically driven diaphragm pump using a gas having a heat capacity ratio of n. The system comprises a control chamber separated from the pumping chamber by a flexible diaphragm; a fluid inlet or outlet from the pumping chamber; a valve connecting the control chamber to a pressurized source of the gas; a pressure sensor fluidly connected to the control chamber; and a controller that receives pressure data from the pressure sensor, which controls the valve, and which is configured to regulate the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ pressure in the control chamber opening or closing the valve. The controller is configured to calculate a change in control chamber volume as fluid enters or leaves the pumping chamber by monitoring a change in control chamber pressure when the valve is closed; This calculation assigns a first chamber volume to a first measured pressure and calculates a second chamber volume based on a second and last measured pressure using an equation in which a ratio of the second measured pressure to the first measured pressure is it is assumed to be equal to the ratio of the first chamber volume to the second chamber volume raised to a power between 1 and n. The first chamber volume is derived from an initial condition in which the control chamber is pressurized with air, the pumping chamber and control chamber are isolated, a chamber pressure measurement is taken, the The control is connected to a reference chamber that has a known volume and measured pressure, and the controller derives an initial volume from the control chamber using a model based on an ideal gas equation. The controller can calculate a third chamber volume as fluid continues to enter or leave the pumping chamber by assigning the second chamber volume at the second measured pressure and calculating a third chamber volume at the third measured pressure using an equation wherein a ratio of the third measured pressure to the second measured pressure is assumed to be equal to a ratio of the second chamber volume to the third chamber volume raised to a power between 1 and n. The controller can calculate a flow of fluid into and out of the pumping chamber based on a difference between the first, second, and third chamber volumes. The controller repeats these calculations periodically during a time that fluid continues to flow in and out of the pumping chamber and suspends these calculations during a time when the valve opens to connect the control chamber to the pressurized source of gas. The pressurized source of the gas is either a positively pressurized source or a negatively pressurized source. The gas can be air. The value of n can be approximately 1.4. The value of n is set by the controller by comparing a calculated cumulative volume of fluid moved into or out of the pumping chamber during a pump pulse to a volume change in the pumping chamber calculated from a determined initial volume determination at the beginning of the pump pulse and a final volume determination at the end of the pump pulse. In another aspect, a method is disclosed for determining a quantity of fluid supplied by a diaphragm pump having a pumping chamber separated from a control chamber pneumatically actuated by a diaphragm and having pneumatically actuated inlet and outlet valves. The method is implemented by a controller that closes the outlet valve, opens the inlet valve, and connects the control chamber to a source of negative pressure to apply negative pneumatic pressure to the diaphragm pump to expel fluid into the chamber. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ pumping. The controller closes the inlet valve, connects the control chamber to the positive pressure source, isolates the control chamber, measures a first control chamber pressure, measures a first reference chamber pressure in a reference chamber which has a known volume, connects the control chamber to the reference chamber and calculates a first volume of the control chamber. It then opens the outlet valve, and connects the control chamber to a positive pressure source to apply positive pneumatic pressure to the diaphragm pump to expel fluid from the pumping chamber. Then close the outlet valve. vents the control chamber to reduce the pressure in the control chamber to atmospheric pressure; connects the control chamber to the positive pressure source, isolates the control chamber, measures a second pressure from the control chamber, measures a second pressure from the reference chamber, connects the control chamber to the reference chamber, and calculates a second volume of the control chamber; and then determines the amount of fluid supplied by the diaphragm pump based on the first and second volumes of the control chamber. In another aspect, a method is described for determining a quantity of fluid delivered by a pumping cassette comprising a first and a second diaphragm pump, each of said diaphragm pumps having a separate pumping chamber from a control chamber. pneumatically actuated by a diaphragm and each one of them pneumatically; The method comprises making each of the diaphragm pumps perform the operations of: closing the outlet valve, opening the inlet valve, and connecting the control chamber to a source of negative pressure to apply negative pneumatic pressure to the diaphragm pump. to draw fluid into the pumping chamber; closing the inlet valve, connecting the control chamber to the positive pressure source, isolating the control chamber, measuring a first control chamber pressure, measuring a first reference chamber pressure in a reference chamber of a known volume, connecting the control chamber to the reference chamber, and calculating a first volume of the control chamber; open the outlet valve and connect the control chamber to a positive pressure source to apply positive pneumatic pressure to the diaphragm pump to expel fluid from the pumping chamber; close the outlet valve; venting the control chamber to reduce the pressure in the control chamber towards atmospheric pressure; connect control chamber to positive pressure source, isolate control chamber, measure second control chamber pressure, measure second reference chamber pressure, connect control chamber to reference chamber, and calculate a second volume of the control chamber; and determining the amount of fluid supplied by the diaphragm pump based on the first and second volumes of the control chamber. Ejecting fluid from the pumping chamber of the second diaphragm pump is done after the control chamber is vented from the diaphragm pump and ejecting fluid from the pumping chamber of the first diaphragm pump is done after o Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi The control chamber of the second diaphragm pump is vented. In another aspect, a system for measuring a volume of fluid in a pumping chamber of a peritoneal dialysis pump cassette is described, comprising: a base unit in which the pump cassette can be installed, the base unit includes a control block having a control chamber depression configured to mate with the pumping chamber of the pumping cassette, and to move a flexible diaphragm between the pumping chamber and the control chamber under positive or negative pneumatic pressure. The control chamber depression is in communication via one or more pump drive valves in the base unit with a source of positive or negative pressure, and in communication via a vent valve in the base unit with a vent connected to atmospheric pressure. A controller configured to control one or more pump drive valves to operate the pumping cassette to fill the pumping chamber with liquid and to supply liquid from the pumping chamber. The controller configured to control one or more pneumatically actuated diaphragm inlet and outlet valves in the pump cassette by means of one or more inlet and outlet actuating valves in the base unit connected to the source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure . The controller is also configured to measure the pneumatic pressure in the control chamber by means of a pressure sensor and to calculate a volume of liquid in the pumping chamber, the calculation includes pneumatically pressurizing the control chamber before taking a pressure measurement. . The controller is also configured to connect the control chamber to the vent after commanding a liquid supply pulse from the pump cassette and prior to pneumatically pressurizing the control chamber to perform a pump chamber liquid volume calculation. In another aspect, a system for adjusting the negative pressure used to withdraw fluid from a patient's cavity is described, the system comprising: a pump configured to provide negative pressure to a fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure and control the negative pressure provided by the pump. The controller is also configured to measure a fluid flow rate from the fluid line to the pump. The controller is arranged to control the pump by providing a first negative pressure to the fluid line, measure the rate of fluid flow, and control the pump by providing a second negative pressure to the fluid line that is greater in magnitude than the first. negative pressure if the measured rate of fluid flow exceeds a predetermined value. A system is also disclosed for adjusting the negative pressure used to withdraw fluid from a patient's cavity. The system comprises: a pump configured to provide negative or positive pressure to a fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure and control the pressure delivered by the pump. The controller is configured Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ also to measure a fluid flow rate from the fluid line to the pump, so that the controller is arranged to control the pump by providing negative pressure to the fluid line, measuring the rate of the fluid flow and controlling the pump by providing a positive pressure to the fluid line if the measured velocity of fluid flow is less than a predetermined value, and in which the controller is arranged to reapply negative pressure to the fluid line if a measured fluid flow after application of positive pressure is greater than a predetermined amount Disclosed is a system for adjusting the negative pressure used to withdraw fluid from a patient's cavity, the system comprising: a pump configured to provide negative pressure to a fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure and control the negative pressure provided by the pump. The controller is also configured to measure a flow rate from the fluid line to the pump. The controller is then arranged to control the pump by providing negative pressure in an amount that varies continuously as a function of the measured flow rate of the fluid, such that the variation of the negative pressure applied by the pump is limited to a predetermined range. of negative pressures. Disclosed is a system for adjusting the negative pressure used to withdraw fluid from a patient's cavity, the system comprising: a pump configured to provide negative pressure to a fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure and control the negative pressure provided by the pump; the controller is also configured to measure a flow rate from the fluid line to the pump. A user interface is configured to provide a user with a measure of the negative pressure applied by the pump and configured to receive input from the user to adjust the amount of negative pressure applied by the pump such that the controller is arranged to receive through the User Interface a user command to adjust the negative pressure applied by the pump, and to make the adjustment. Disclosed is a system for adjusting the negative pressure used to withdraw fluid from a patient's cavity, the system comprising: a pump configured to provide negative pressure to a fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure and control the negative pressure provided by the pump; The controller is also configured to measure a flow rate from the fluid line to the pump and to calculate a pump duration based on the measured flow rate. A user interface is configured to provide a user with a measure of the negative pressure applied by the pump and configured to receive input from the user to adjust the amount of negative pressure applied by the pump such that the controller is arranged to receive via the user interface a user command to adjust the negative pressure applied by the pump, to calculate a change in pumping duration resulting from the adjustment for Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ to display information about the change in pumping duration on the user interface and to receive from the user a command to proceed or not with the adjustment. In another aspect, a system for performing automated peritoneal dialysis is described, comprising: a cycler comprising a fluid pump and controller, the controller being configured to measure and control an amount of fluid pumped into a peritoneal cavity and to track a volume remaining fluid in a solution bag. The controller is configured to: control a dialysis therapy by delivering a predetermined number of therapy cycles, each therapy cycle comprising a fill phase, a dwell phase, and a drain phase; and maintaining a predetermined minimum volume of intraperitoneal fluid during the residence phase. It is also configured to cancel a final therapy cycle if a calculated final volume of fluid remaining in the solution bag for the final therapy cycle is less than a volume required to maintain the minimum intraperitoneal fluid volume for the residence phase of the therapy. final therapy cycle; dividing the remaining final volume of fluid in the solution bag by a remaining number of fill volumes from the therapy cycle; And divide the duration of the residence phase of the final therapy cycle by a remaining number of residence phases of the therapy cycle. The controller is configured to additionally adjust the fill volumes of the remaining number of therapy cycles or the duration of the residence phases of the remaining number of therapy cycles to prevent an accumulation of intraperitoneal fluid during the remaining therapy cycles from exceeding a volume of predetermined maximum intraperitoneal fluid. In another aspect, a system is disclosed in an automated peritoneal dialysis apparatus for replenishing a warmer bag with fluid during dialysis therapy comprising a fluid fill phase, a fluid dwell phase, and a fluid drain phase. fluent. The system comprises a controller configured to: track a remaining volume of fluid remaining in the heating bag; calculating a replenishment volume of fluid to be infused into the heating bag comprising subtracting the remaining volume from a fill volume of fluid to be infused into a patient in a subsequent fill phase of dialysis therapy; calculating a replenishment volume transfer time required to transfer the replenishment volume from a fluid source to the heater bag; calculating a replenishment volume heating time required to heat the replenishment volume within a predetermined range of a predetermined temperature set point; and calculating a remaining residence time required to complete the fluid immobilization phase. The controller is configured to control a fluid heater of the peritoneal dialysis machine to heat the replenishing fluid as it enters the heater bag and to control a fluid pump of the peritoneal dialysis machine to initiate pumping of the replenishing volume to the heater bag when the remaining residence time or Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi is equal to or greater than the greater of the replenishment volume transfer time or the replenishment volume warm-up time. In another aspect, a system for replenishing a fluid warmer bag of a medical fluid delivery apparatus is described, the system comprising: a processor configured to receive temperature data associated with a fluid in the warmer bag, to control a heater for heating the fluid in the heater bag, for controlling a fluid pump for pumping the fluid in a replenishment operation into the heater bag from a fluid source, for pumping the fluid in a fill phase out of the heater bag to a patient and for pumping the fluid in a drain phase out of the patient to a destination. The controller is further configured to determine a replenishment volume that is transferred to the heater bag during the replenishment operation, the determination of the replenishment volume made by subtracting the volume of fluid in the bag at the start of the replenishment operation from a volume of fluid to be pumped to the patient in the next filling phase; calculating a replenishment volume transfer time required to transfer the replenishment volume from the fluid source to the heater bag; calculating a replenishment volume heating time required to heat the fluid within a predetermined range of a predetermined temperature set point; calculate the drain time required to complete the drain phase; and controlling the fluid pump to start pumping the fluid in the replenishment operation at a remaining residence time during the residence phase that is approximately equal to the greater of (1) the drain time plus the heat volume heating time. replenishment or (2) the drain time plus the replenishment volume transfer time. In another aspect, a solution expiration timing system is disclosed for an automated dialysis machine connected to a first fluid reservoir and a fluid heating reservoir. The system comprises: a controller configured to start a first solution expiration timer when a fluid is pumped from the first fluid reservoir to the fluid heating reservoir; starting a second solution expiration timer when the fluid in the fluid heating reservoir reaches a predetermined temperature; wherein the controller is configured to declare a first timeout when a first predetermined time interval has elapsed and to declare a second timeout when a second predetermined time interval has elapsed; and wherein the controller stops the transfer of fluid from the first fluid reservoir to the fluid heating reservoir at the first expiration time and stops the transfer of fluid from the fluid heating reservoir to a user at the second expiration time. expiration. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ In another aspect, a solution expiration timing system is disclosed for an automated dialysis machine connected to a first fluid reservoir containing a first fluid and a second fluid reservoir containing a second fluid. The system comprises a controller configured to: start a first solution expiration timer when first fluid is pumped from the first fluid reservoir to a fluid heating reservoir; starting a second solution expiration timer when the second fluid is pumped from the second fluid reservoir to the fluid heating reservoir; wherein the controller is configured to declare a first timeout when a first predetermined time interval has elapsed and to declare a second timeout when a second predetermined time interval has elapsed; and wherein the controller stops the transfer of fluid from the first fluid reservoir to the fluid heating reservoir at the first expiration time and stops the transfer of fluid from the second fluid reservoir to the fluid heating reservoir at the second expiration time. In another aspect, a system for detecting that a fluid line is primed with liquid is disclosed. The system comprises a fluid pump having a pumping chamber configured to pump a liquid from a proximal to a distal portion of the fluid line at a predetermined pressure; a sensor configured to measure the flow of liquid in the fluid line or to measure the pressure in the pumping chamber to determine the flow of liquid in the fluid line; and a controller configured to receive data from the sensor and to compare the flow of liquid or a change in flow of liquid in the fluid line with a predetermined value. The distal portion of the fluid line comprises a flow restrictor that measurably reduces the flow of liquid in the fluid line when air in the distal portion of the fluid line is replaced by liquid pumped by the pump; and the controller declares the fluid line to be prepared when the reduction in the flow of the measured liquid reaches the predetermined value. In another aspect, an automated peritoneal dialysis cycler is equipped with autoconnect apparatus for gluing solution lines for dialysis therapy. A cap detection system is disclosed for detecting the presence of a solution line or tip plug in a cap spacer, the cap detection system comprising: a position sensor for the cap spacer configured to sense a position of the cap spacer lid separator with respect to a plane in which a plurality of cassette pins or a plurality of solution lines reside when placed in the cycler; a controller configured to command movement of the lid spacer in or out of plane, or laterally in a direction parallel to the plane, and to receive information from the position sensor to compare the position of the lid spacer relative to a first or second default fully deployed position of lid spacer Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ towards the plane. The controller is configured to: command the cap separator to move to plane when one or more solution lines are installed in the cycler and issue an alert if a cap on the cap separator prevents a final position of the cap separator reach the first fully deployed preset position; o command the cap separator to move laterally a predetermined distance then in-plane when no solution lines are installed in the cycler and issue an alert if a cap on the cap separator prevents a final position of the cap separator reach the second default fully extended position. In another aspect, an identification system for a fluid line connected to a fluid container for medical use is disclosed. The system comprises an image sensor configured to read an image generated by fluorescent light, the image comprising a pattern of coded information characterizing the fluid in the container; a fluid line assembly configured to hold the fluid line in a fixed position within a field of view of the image sensor; an identification tag attached to a portion of the fluid line on or near the support; the identification tag having an identification mark arranged to fluoresce light in the image pattern in response to absorption of light having a non-visible wavelength; an emitter configured to emit light at the non-visible wavelength onto the identification tag; and a controller configured to receive an electronic signal from the image sensor and to decode the information in the image pattern emitted by the identification mark of the identification tag. In another aspect, a clamp is described for a distal portion of a fluid line, the fluid line configured to receive a hollow stem in a fluid handling apparatus, the clamp comprising: a rigid clamp member configured to encircle the portion distal portion of the fluid line after being mounted to the distal portion of the fluid line having one or two features on an inner surface of the clamp member configured to cooperate with one or more complementary features on an outer surface of the distal portion of the fluid line. The clamp arranged to be mountable on the distal portion of the fluid line to constrain bending out of alignment with a longitudinal axis of the hollow pin before or after an initiation of an augmentation of the distal portion of the fluid line. In another aspect, an electronic circuit is disclosed for reducing the touch or leakage current of a heating element of an automatic peritoneal dialysis apparatus. The circuit comprises: a first relay connecting a first pole of an AC power source to a first end of the heating element; a second relay connecting a second pole of the alternating current source to a second end of the heater element; and a controller configured to control the delivery of current to the heater element by transmitting an on signal to both the first and second relays or a disconnect signal to the first and second. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ relays, the ON signal causes AC mains current to flow through the heater element, and the OFF signal prevents AC mains current from flowing through the heater element . The heating element has been isolated from the AC supply voltage when the controller transmits a shutdown signal. In another aspect, an electronic circuit is described for supplying electrical power to an automated peritoneal dialysis apparatus from a power source having a first voltage or a second higher voltage, the electronic circuit comprising: a heater comprising a first heater element connected to a second heater element by a heater select relay, the heater select relay being configured to connect the first heater element in series or parallel with the second heater element; a current sensing element configured to measure a current flow through the heater; a controller configured to default the heater select relay at power up such that the first heater element is in series with the second heater element; wherein the controller is programmed to receive information about current flow from the current sensing element and is programmed to command the heater select relay to set the first heater element in parallel with the second heater element if a measured current is less than a target predetermined value for the heater. In another aspect, a control system for a heater of an automated peritoneal dialysis machine is described, comprising: a resistive heating element; a solid state relay that connects a source of electrical power to the heating element; a first processor configured to generate and send a pulse width modulated signal to a gate circuit; a second processor configured to generate and send a security signal to the lock circuit; wherein the latching circuit is configured to reproduce or transmit the pulse width modulated signal to operate the solid state relay if the safety signal is in a first mode and is configured to prevent operation of the solid state relay if the security signal is in a second mode. The gate circuit can optionally operate the solid state relay through optical transmission. Optical transmission can be accomplished using a light emitting diode from an opto-isolator. The solid state relay may comprise a triac or a pair of silicon controlled rectifiers. The solid state relay connects a first pole of an AC mains voltage source to the heating element and a second solid state relay connects a second pole of the AC mains voltage source to the heating element in such a way that the signal transmitted by the control circuit operates both the solid state relay and the second solid state relay. The solid state relay connects a first pole of an AC supply voltage source to the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ heating element and a second solid-state relay connects a second pole of the AC supply voltage source to the heating element, where a second gate circuit is configured to receive the modulated signal of the first processor and the safety signal of the second processor and wherein the second gate circuit is configured to reproduce or transmit the pulse width modulated signal to operate the second solid state relay if the safety signal is in the first mode and is configured to prevent operation of the second solid state relay if the safety signal is in the second mode. In another aspect, a housing for an automated peritoneal dialysis apparatus is disclosed, comprising: a dual pressure reservoir formed integrally in the housing, the dual pressure reservoir having a first section separated from a second section by a dividing wall; the first section configured for positive air pressurization by a pump through a first port; the second section configured for negative air pressurization by the pump through a second port; and a cover plate for enclosing the first and second sections, said cover plate forming a seal against a perimeter wall of the first section, a perimeter wall of the second section and the dividing wall between the first and second sections. Also described is a housing for an automated peritoneal dialysis apparatus comprising: a double pressure reservoir formed integrally in the housing, the double pressure reservoir having a first section separated from a second section by a partition wall; the first section configured for positive pressurization of air by a pump through a first port and comprising a first perimeter wall that joins the partition wall and a first set of one or more reinforcing members that extend from a portion from the first perimeter wall to the dividing wall; the second section configured for the negative pressurization of air by the pump through a second port and comprising a second perimeter wall that joins the dividing wall and a second set of one or more reinforcing elements that extend from a portion from the second perimeter wall to the dividing wall; and a cover plate for enclosing the first and second sections, said cover plate forming a seal against the first and second perimeter walls and the dividing wall between the first and second sections. A housing is also for an automated peritoneal dialysis apparatus comprising: a dual pressure reservoir formed integrally in the housing the dual pressure reservoir having a first section separated from a second section by a dividing wall; the first section configured for the positive pressurization of air by a pump through a first port, and comprising a first perimeter wall that joins the dividing wall; the second section configured for negative air pressurization by the pump through a Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ second port, and comprising a second perimeter wall that joins the division; and a cover plate for enclosing the first and second sections, said cover plate forming a seal against the first and second perimeter walls and the dividing wall between the first and second sections; such that a plurality of reinforcing members are attached to an inner surface of the cover plate, such that when the cover plate is attached to the dual pressure vessel, a first set of said reinforcing elements extends on the first section from a part of the first and a second set of said reinforcing members extends in the second section from a part of the second perimeter wall to the dividing wall. Also disclosed is a housing for a dual pressure air reservoir comprising: a first reservoir surrounding a second reservoir, the first and second reservoirs being separated by a dividing wall, and the first reservoir having an outer perimeter wall; the first reservoir configured for negative air pressurization by a pump through a first port; the second reservoir configured for positive air pressurization by the pump through a second port; a cover plate for enclosing the first and second tanks, said cover plate forming a seal against the outer perimeter wall of the first tank and the dividing wall between the first and second tanks; such that a surface area of ​​the cover plate defined by the outer perimeter wall and the partition wall is greater than a surface area of ​​the cover plate defined by an area inside the partition wall; and such that a depth of the second reservoir is greater than a depth of the first reservoir such that a volume of the first reservoir is approximately equal to a volume of the second reservoir. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Aspects of the invention are described below with reference to illustrative embodiments shown, at least in part, in the following figures, where like numerals refer to like elements, and where: Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) system incorporating one or more aspects of the invention; Figure IA shows an alternative arrangement for a dialysate supply set as shown in Figure 1; Figure 2 is a schematic view of an illustrative assembly for use with the APD system of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of a cassette in a first Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ modality; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cassette along line 4-4 in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a perspective view of a vacuum mold that can be used to form a membrane having pre-formed pump chamber portions in an illustrative embodiment; Figure 6 shows a front view of the body of the cassette of Figure 3; Figure 7 is a front view of a cassette body including two different separator arrangements in an illustrative embodiment; Figure 8 is a rear perspective view of the cassette body of Figure 3; Figure 9 is a rear view of the cassette body of Figure 3; Figure 10 is a front perspective view of an exemplary configuration of a fluid line condition detector or liquid level detector; Figure 11 is a rear perspective view of a line condition detector or liquid level detector; Figure 12 is a perspective plan view of three LEDs and an optical detector surface mounted on a printed circuit board; Figure 13 is a plan view of three LEDs and an optical detector mounted on a detector circuit board; Figure 14 is an exploded perspective view of the detector of Figure 10 showing the printed circuit board and a transparent or translucent plastic insert; Figure 15 is a graph showing the ability of the liquid level detector of Figure 10 to distinguish between an initiated and an uninitiated fluid line; Figure 16 is a graph showing measurements collected by an optical detector comparing liquid detection using an orthogonally oriented LED versus an angled LED; Figure 17 is a graph showing the ability of the liquid level detector of Figure 10 to distinguish between the presence and absence of a tube segment within the detector; Figure 18 is a graph showing the range of signals for an initiated and non-initiated fluid line for different ciders using the liquid detector of Figure 10; Figure 19 is a perspective view of an alternative configuration of a liquid level detector; Figure 20 and Figure 21 show one embodiment of a fluid line cap, Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ fluid line and a fluid line connect; Fig. 22 and Fig. 23 show another embodiment of a fluid line cap, fluid line and a fluid line connector; Figure 24 shows an example of a fluid line cap including a notch; Figure 25 shows an example of a fluid line cap including a restriction; Figure 26 shows a cross-sectional view of a fluid line cap at lines 26-26 of Figure 25; Figure 27 shows an example of a fluid line cap installed on a fluid line connector of a fluid line; Figure 28 shows a cross section of the fluid line cap and fluid line connector of Figure 27 taken at line 28-28 of Figure 27; Figure 29 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps that can be used by a cycler to prepare a line with a two part primer; Figure 30 is a perspective view of the front of an unloaded organizer (without any solution lines); Figure 31 is a rear view of the organizer of Figure 30; Figure 32 is a perspective view of an organizer including a plurality of solution lines, a patient line, and a drain line; Figure 33 is a perspective view of an organizer clip; Figure 34 is a perspective view of an organizer clasp receiver; Figure 35 is a perspective view of a door latch detector assembly associated with a cycler; Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view of the door latch detector assembly of Figure 35; Figure 37 is a perspective view of the APD system of Figure 1 with the cycler door in an open position; Figure 38 is a perspective view of the inside of the door of the cycler shown in Figure 37; Figure 39 is a perspective view of a cart in a first embodiment; Figure 40 is an enlarged perspective view of a solution line loaded on the cart of Figure 39; Figure 41 is a perspective view of an open identification tag; Figure 42 is a perspective view of a Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi car driver assembly including an AutoID camera mounted on an AutoID camera dash; Figure 43 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps that can be used to determine information about an assembly to be installed in a cycler; Figure 44 shows a system including an identification tag having a code printed on a fluorescent material; Fig. 45 shows an example screen showing an analysis result of the generated identification tag for display on a user interface; Figure 46 shows an example clamp for a solution line in a disassembled position on the solution line; Figure 47 is a perspective view of an example clamp from a solution line; Figure 48 shows another example clamp for a solution line in a disassembled position on the solution line; Figure 49 is a perspective view of an example clamp from a solution line; Figure 50 is a perspective view of an example clamp from a solution line; Figure 51 shows an example clamp for a solution line attached in place of the solution line; Figure 52 is a cross-sectional view taken in the median plane of a solution line showing a clamp in place around the solution line; Figure 53 shows one embodiment of a carriage including clip sections configured to accept a solution line on which a clamp is installed; Figure 54 shows a detailed view of region BQ of Figure 53; Figure 55 is a perspective view of a carriage including a number of solution line clips or retainers; Fig. 56 shows a detailed view of the region BS of Fig. 55; Figure 57 is a closed cross-sectional view of a portion of a cycler including a carriage and other components; Figure 58 is a right front perspective view of a carriage driver and cap separator assembly in a first embodiment; Figure 59 is a left front perspective view of the carriage driver and cap separator assembly of Figure 58; Figure 60 is a rear perspective view of the carriage drive assembly; Figure 61 is a left rear perspective view of a Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi carriage driver and cap separator assembly in a second illustrative embodiment; Figure 62 is another left rear perspective view of the carriage driver and cap separator assembly of Figure 61; Figure 63A is a left front perspective view of the lid separator element of Figure 62; Figure 63B is a right front perspective view of the lid separator element of Figure 62; Figure 64 is a front view of the cap separator element of Figure 62; Figure 65 is a cross-sectional view along line 65-65 in Figure 64; Figure 66 is a cross-sectional view along line 66-66 in Figure 64; Figure 67 is a cross-sectional view along line 67-67 in Figure 64; Figure 68 is a perspective view of one embodiment for a spacer element of a cap spacer; Figure 69 is a front perspective view of the carriage driver assembly of Figure 42 showing the position of the spacer element of Figure 68 within the carriage driver assembly; Figure 70A is a perspective view of a portion of the spacer element of Figure 68, where a spigot cap is placed; Figure 70B is a perspective view of a portion of the spacer element of Figure 68, where a solution line cap is placed over the spigot cap; Figure 70C is a perspective view of a portion of the spacer element of Figure 68, showing a detector element and a rocker arm in the absence of a spigot cap; Figure 71 is a close-up, exploded view of the connector end of a solution line in an illustrative embodiment; Figure 72 is a schematic view of a cassette and solution lines being loaded into the cycler of Figure 37; Figure 73 is a schematic view of the cassette and solution lines after being placed in respective locations on the door of the cycler of Figure 37; Figure 74 is a schematic view of the cassette and solution lines after the cycler door is closed; Figure 75 is a schematic view of the solution lines that are hooked Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ with spike caps; Figure 76 is a schematic view of the cap separator that engages with pin caps and solution caps; Figure 77 is a schematic view of the solution lines with attached caps and pin caps after movement away from the cassette; Figure 78 is a schematic view of the solution lines after movement away of the solution line caps and spike caps; Figure 79 is a schematic view of the cap spacer retracting with solution line caps and pin caps; Figure 80 is a schematic view of the solution lines being engaged with the cassette pins; Figure 81 represents a flowchart detailing a series of example steps that can be used to detect the presence of caps used in a cap separator; 82 depicts an example screen that can be generated for display over a cycler user interface by a cycler processor displaying instructions on how to remove caps from a cap separator; Figure 83 depicts an example screen that can be generated for display over a cycler user interface by a cycler processor displaying instructions on how to remove caps from a cap separator; Figure 84 is a cross-sectional view of a cassette with five stages of a solution line connection operation shown with respect to corresponding pins on the cassette; Figure 85 shows a rear view of a cassette in another illustrative embodiment including different arrangements for a rear side of the cassette adjacent to the pump chambers; Figure 86 is an end view of a spigot of a cassette in an illustrative embodiment; Figure 87 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the pins of a cassette; Figure 88 shows one embodiment of a spigot cap configured to fit over the spigots shown in Figure 87; Figure 89 is a cross-sectional view of a spigot cap shown in Figure 88; Figure 90 is a front view of a control surface of the cycler for interaction with a cassette in Figure 37; Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Figure 91 is a front view and selected cross-sectional views of one embodiment of a control surface of the cycler; Figure 92 is an exploded view of an assembly for the interface surface of Figure 90, with the mating pressure supply block and pressure distribution module; Figure 93 is an exploded view of the integrated manifold; Figure 94 shows two isometric views of the integrated manifold; Figure 95 shows a schematic of the pneumatic system that controls the flow of fluid through the cycler; Figure 96 is a front side view of one embodiment of a cassette accessory; Figure 97 shows another example of a cassette accessory that is made from a modified cassette such as the cassette shown in Figure 3; Figure 98 shows another example of a cassette accessory that is made from a modified cassette; Figure 99 is an exploded perspective view of an occluder in an illustrative embodiment; Figure 100 is a partially exploded perspective view of the occluder of Figure 99; Figure 101 is a top view of the occluder of Figure 99 with the bladder in a deflated state; Figure 102 is a top view of the occluder of Figure 99 with the bladder in an inflated state; Figure 103 is a schematic view of a cassette pump chamber and associated control components and inflow / outflow paths in an illustrative embodiment; Figure 104 is a graph of illustrative pressure values ​​for the control chamber and reference chamber from a point in time before valve X2 opens to some time after valve X2 opens for the mode of Figure 103; Figure 105 is a schematic view of a cassette control chamber and associated control components including pressure sensors and inlet / outlet flow paths in an illustrative embodiment; Figure 106 is a diagram of pressure versus time for the reference chamber and the control chamber during a pumping and FMS process; Figure 107 is a flow diagram of the pneumatic steps of an FMS process; Figure 108A is a diagram of the pumping chamber pressures and o Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi reference during the +FMS process; Figure 108B is a diagram of the reference and pumping chamber pressures during the -FMS process; Figure 109A is an illustration of a polytropic conceptual model of the +FMS process that includes three separate closed mass systems; Figure 109B is a diagram of the constant polytropic expansion for +FMS compared to the volume of the control chamber. Figure 110A is an illustration of a polytropic conceptual model of the FMS process that includes three separate closed mass systems; Figure 110B is a diagram of the constant polytropic expansion for -FMS compared to the volume of the control chamber. Figure 111 is a flowchart of basic AIA FMS calculation steps; Figure 112 is a more detailed flowchart of the AIA FMS calculation steps; Figure 113A is a flowchart for an FMS calibration method for a diaphragm pump; Figure 113B is a flowchart for calibrating partial stroke volumes for the FMS calibration method; Figure 113C is a representation of the process used to calibrate partial stroke volumes in the diaphragm pump; Figure 113D is a plot of correction of volume measurements during partial systolic calibration as the pump diaphragm approaches the chamber wall; Fig. 114 shows a trace of the pressure of a control or drive chamber of a pumping cassette during a pulsation of the liquid supply; Fig. 115 shows a graph showing the pressure in a control or drive chamber during the liquid supply pulsation and a cumulative volume calculation graph during the liquid supply pulsation; Figure 116 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps that can be used to calculate control chamber volume changes with time; Figure 117 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps to fit an equation used to calculate control chamber volume changes with time during a pump pulse; Figure 118 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps to detect the end of the pulse based on the flow rate during a pulse; Figure 119 shows a flow chart outlining a number of steps to Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ determine the end of the heartbeat by predicting the time required to complete the heartbeat; Figure 120 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps to detect a reduced flow condition while a pump pulse is occurring; Figure 121 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps to determine that a target volume of fluid has been moved; Figure 122 shows a flowchart outlining the steps to detect that the fluid line has been prepared by calculating flow rate and pulsation displacement; Figure 123 shows a flowchart outlining the steps to detect that the fluid line has been ready by calculating the flow rate during pump pulsations; Figure 124 shows a flowchart outlining the steps for detecting that a fluid line has been primed by calculating the flow rate during pump pulsations; Figure 125 shows a flowchart outlining the steps that can be used by a cycler to differentiate which set of one or more different sets has been installed in a medical device; Figure 126 is a perspective view of an interior section of the cycler of Figure 10 with the top portion of the housing removed; Figure 127 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an exemplary control system implementation for an APD system; Fig. 128 shows an exemplary patient data key and associated port for transferring patient data to and from the APD system; Figure 129 shows a patient data key with an alternate housing configuration; Figure 130 shows a block diagram of the software subsystems of a user interface computer and an automation computer; Figure 131 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an exemplary arrangement of the multiple processors that control the cycler and the secure line; Figure 132 is a schematic block diagram illustrating exemplary connections between the hardware interface processor and the sensors, actuators, and automation computer; Figure 133 shows a schematic cross section of the cycler illustrating the components of the heater system for the heater bag; Figure 134 shows software processes interacting with a heater controller process; Figure 135 shows the block diagram of a nested feedback loop for controlling heater bag temperature; Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Figure 136 shows the block diagram of an alternate nested feedback loop for controlling heater bag temperature; Figure 137 shows the block diagram of another alternate nested feedback loop for controlling heater bag temperature; Figure 138 shows a block diagram of the thermal model of the heater bag and heater tray; Figure 139 shows the temperature response of the heater bag and heater pan for nominal conditions; Figure 140 shows a temperature response of the heater bag and heater pan for hot conditions; Figure 141 shows a temperature response of the heater bag and heater pan for cold conditions; Figure 142 is a schematic block diagram of one mode of a heater control system; Figure 143 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a heater circuit configured with a pair of heating elements; Figure 144 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a heater circuit configured with a pair of heating elements with reduced potential for leakage current; Figure 145 is a circuit diagram of a heater circuit configured with a pair of heating elements; Figure 146 shows a flowchart outlining a method for selecting heater settings in an APD cycler; Fig. 147 shows a flowchart outlining a method for selecting heater settings in an APD cycler where a stored value of AC supply voltage is required during heater setting selection; Figure 148 shows an example heater circuit that may be included in an automated dialysis machine; Figure 149 is a graph depicting leakage current to a heater pan of a heater element over time; Figure 150 is another graph depicting leakage current to a heater pan of a heater element over time; Figure 151 is a schematic of a heater circuit that may be included in an automatic dialysis machine; Figure 151A is a schematic of a heater circuit with a safety voltage source or Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi; Figure 152 depicts an AC supply input for the example circuit of Figure 148; Figure 153 represents the AC supply input connected to the AC switch of the circuit of Figure 148; Figure 154 shows the first and second lines of AC supply shutdowns connected to the pulse width modulated elements; Figure 155 depicts a modulating or gate circuit that can be used in the circuit of Figures 148 to 154; Figure 156 shows a modulation or gate circuit similar to that of Figure 155; Figure 157 shows an example circuit that may be included in a heater circuit that includes a current sensing element; Figure 158 shows an information flow between various subsystems and processes of the APD system. Figure 159 illustrates an operation of the therapy subsystem of Figure 157; Figure 160 is a sequence diagram illustrating therapy module process interactions during the initial replenishment and dialysis portions of the therapy; Figures 161 to 166 show screen views related to alerts and alarms that may be displayed on a touch screen user interface for the APD system; Fig. 167 illustrates component states and operations for error condition detection and recovery; Figure 168 shows example modules of a UI view subsystem for the APD system; Fig. 169 shows an illustrative initial user interface screen providing the user with the option to select between starting therapy or settings; 170 shows an illustrative user interface status screen providing therapy status information. Fig. 171 shows an illustrative user interface menu screen with various comfort values; Fig. 172 shows an illustrative user interface help menu screen; Figure 173 shows an illustrative user interface screen that allows the user to set a set of parameters; Figure 174 shows an illustrative user interface screen that allows Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ user set minimum drain volume; Figure 175 shows an illustrative user interface screen that allows the user to review and confirm settings; Fig. 176 is an illustration of an adaptive physiological variation therapy mode during CCPD; Fig. 177 is an illustration of implementing a modified cycle mode during CCPD; Fig. 178 is an illustration of implementation of a modified cycle mode during physiological variation therapy; Fig. 179 is an illustration of implementing an adaptive physiological variation mode during physiological variation therapy; Fig. 180 is an illustration showing peritoneal volume over time for physiological variation therapy; Figure 181 is another illustration showing peritoneal volume over time for physiological variation therapy; Figure 182 is an illustration of peritoneal volume over time for a physiologic variation therapy including a tailored filler; Fig. 183 shows a flowchart showing a mode of synchronization of operations between two pumping chambers of a pump cassette; Figure 184 shows a flowchart showing another mode of synchronization of operations between two pumping chambers of a pump cassette; Figure 185 shows a flowchart showing another mode of synchronization of operations between two pumping chambers of a pump cassette; Figure 186 shows a flowchart showing another mode of synchronization of operations between two pumping chambers of a pump cassette, including venting; Fig. 187A shows a flowchart showing another mode of synchronization of operations between two pumping chambers of a pump cassette, including venting; Fig. 187B shows an example graph plotting the pressure in a control chamber over a delivery pulse, backpressure release step, and a volume measurement step; Figure 188 shows a flowchart showing another mode of synchronization of operations between two pumping chambers of a pump cassette, including venting; Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Figure 189 shows a flowchart showing another mode of synchronization of operations between two pumping chambers of a pump cassette, including venting; Figure 190 shows a flowchart showing a timing scheme in which pump chambers are treated as independent state machines acquiring unique access passwords; Figure 191 shows a flowchart in which the amount of fluid moved during a pump pulse is checked before the chamber releases possession of a password; Figure 192 shows a flowchart outlining the steps that can be used when a pump chamber performs an FMS measurement; Figure 193 shows a flow chart outlining the steps that can be used when a pump chamber performs a synchronized FMS measurement using an FMS password; Figure 194 shows a relationship between the pressure traces of a two-pump apparatus and resource passwords assigned to the pumps at various times during pumping operations; Figure 195 shows a relationship between the pressure traces of a two-pump apparatus and resource passwords assigned to the pumps during the initiation of a pumping operation; Figure 196 shows a relationship between the pressure traces of a two-pump apparatus and resource passwords assigned to the pumps during a pump-chamber fill transition between two pumps; Figure 197 shows a relationship between the pressure traces of a two-pump apparatus and resource passwords assigned to the pumps when the pumps are stopped; Figure 198 depicts a graph showing pump chamber pair pressures and resource password session during a number of pump pulses and chamber volume measurements; Fig. 199 is a graph showing pump chamber pressures (in kPa) as well as ownership status of a number of resources and passwords over a number of pump pulses; Fig. 200 shows a housing portion of the device with a molded pressing device; Figure 201 shows the housing portion of the device of Figure 200 with a sealing member covering the pressing device; Figure 202 shows a housing portion of the device with another modality. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ of a pressure-molded tank having two compartments; Fig. 203 shows the housing portion of the device of Fig. 202 with a sealing member covering the pressing device; Figure 204 is a bottom plan view of the housing portion of Figure 202; Fig. 205 is a perspective view of internal fittings of a housing portion of the device; Fig. 206 shows a sealing member with reinforcing ribs; Figure 207 shows another embodiment of a two-compartment pressure vessel assembly suitable for co-molding with or attachment to a housing portion of the device; Figure 208 is a bottom plan view of the assembly of Figure 207; Figure 209 is a view of the assembly of Figure 207 as seen from within a housing portion in which the assembly is included; Figure 210 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of Figure 207 at a location indicated by Figure 209; Figure 211 shows a flowchart outlining the steps that can be used to replenish a heater bag with dialysate solution; Figure 212 shows a flowchart outlining the steps that can be used by a cycler using solution expiration timers; Figure 213 shows an example screen that may be generated by a processor for display in a cycler user interface indicating a solution expiration timer; Figures 214A and 214B are flowcharts of a cycler performing an initial drain beginning with a flow check; Figure 215 shows a screen photograph that can be generated for display on a user interface of a cycler during a drain that includes a soft drain option; Figure 216 shows a flowchart outlining the steps that can be used to program and collect an automated effluent sample using a cycler; and Figure 217 shows a flowchart outlining the steps that can be used to program and collect an automated effluent sample using a cycler. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Although aspects of the invention are described in connection with a peritoneal dialysis system, certain aspects of the invention may be used in other medical applications, including infusion systems such as intravenous infusion systems or extracorporeal blood flow systems, and irrigation and / or fluid exchange systems for the stomach, intestinal tract, urinary bladder, pleural space, or other body cavity or organ. Therefore, aspects of the invention are not limited to use in peritoneal dialysis in particular, or dialysis in general. APD system Figure 1 shows an automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) system 10 that may incorporate one or more aspects of the invention. As shown in Figure 1, for example, system 10 in this illustrative embodiment includes a dialysate delivery set 12 (which, in certain embodiments, may be a disposable set), a cycler 14 that interacts with the set of supply 12 for pumping liquid provided by a solution container 20 (for example, a bag), and a control system 16 (for example, including a programmed computer or other data processor, computer memory, an interface for providing information for and receive input from a user or other device, one or more detectors, actuators, relays, pneumatic pumps, tanks, a power supply, and / or other suitable components - only some buttons for receiving user control input are shown in Figure 1, but additional details regarding the control system components are provided below) that govern the process for performing an APD procedure. In this illustrative embodiment, cycler 14 and control system 16 are associated with one housing 82, but may be associated with two or more housings and / or may be separate from one another. The cycler 14 may have a compact footprint, suitable for operation on a tabletop or other relatively small surface area normally found in the home. The cycler 14 can be lightweight and portable, for example, carried by hand via handles on opposite sides of the housing 82. Assembly 12 in this embodiment is intended to be a single use disposable item, but rather may have one or more reusable components, or may be reusable in its entirety. The user associates the assembly 12 with the cycler 14 prior to beginning each APD therapy session, for example, by mounting a cassette 24 within a front door 141 of the cycler 14, which interacts with the cassette 24 to pump and control the flow of fluid in the various lines of assembly 12. For example, dialysate can be pumped both to and from the patient to effect APD. After therapy, the user can remove all or part of the components of the assembly 12 from the cycler 14. As is known in the art, prior to use, the user may connect a patient line 34 from the set 12 to their internal peritoneal catheter (not shown) at a connection 36. In one modality, the cycler 14 may be configured to operate with one or more different types of cassettes 24, such as those having different size patient lines 34. For example, cycler 14 may be arranged to operate with a first type of cassette with one line patient line 34 sized for use with an adult patient, and a second type of cassette with a patient line 34 sized for small child or pediatric use. The pediatric patient line 34 can be shorter and have a smaller internal diameter than the adult line to minimize line volume, allow for more controlled dialysate delivery, and help avoid return to a relatively large dialysate volume. used for the pediatric patient when set 12 is used for consecutive drain and fill cycles. A heater bag 22, which is connected to cassette 24 by a line 26, can be placed in a heater container (in this case, a tray) receiving portion 142 of cycler 14. Cycler 14 can pump fresh dialysate (via cassette 24) in heater bag 22 so that dialysate can be heated by means of heater pan 142, for example, by means of electrical resistance heating elements associated with pan 142 to a temperature of about 37 °C Heated dialysate can be delivered from warmer bag 22 to the patient via cassette 24 and patient line 34. In an alternative embodiment, dialysate can be heated on its way to the patient as it enters, or after it leaves. , cassette 24 by passing dialysate through tubing in contact with heater pan 142, or through an in-line fluid heater (which may be provided in cassette 24). Used dialysate may be pumped from the patient via patient line 34 to cassette 24 and into a drain line 28, which may include one or more clamps to control flow through one or more branches of the drain line. 28. In this illustrative embodiment, drain line 28 may include a connector 39 for connecting drain line 28 to a dedicated drain receptacle, and an effluent sample port 282 for taking a sample of dialysate used for testing or other analysis. . The user may also mount the lines 30 of one or more containers 20 within the door 141. The lines 30 may also be connected to a real-time or continuous dialysate preparation system. (Lines 26, 28, 30, 34 may include flexible tubing and / or suitable connectors and other components (such as pinch valves, etc.) as desired.) Containers 20 may contain sterile peritoneal dialysis solution for infusion , or other materials (eg, materials used by cycler 14 to formulate dialysate by mixing with water, or by mixing different types of dialysate solutions). Lines 30 may be connected to pins 160 of cassette 24, shown in Figure 1 covered by removable caps. In an aspect of the invention described in more detail below, cycler 14 can automatically remove caps from one or more spikes 160 of cassette 24 and connect lines 30 of solution containers 20 to respective spikes 160. This feature can help reduce the possibility of infection or contamination Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ by reducing the probability of contact of non-sterile items with the spikes 160. In another aspect, a dialysate supply set 12a may not have cassette spikes 160. Instead, one or more solution lines 30 may be permanently affixed to the inlet ports of cassette 24, as shown in Fig. Figure AI. In this case, each solution line 30 may have a spike (cap) connector 35 for manual connection to a solution container or dialysate bag 20. With various connections made, control system 16 can pace cycler 14 through a series of fill, dwell, and / or drain cycles typical of an APD procedure. For example, during a fill phase, cycler 14 may pump dialysate (via cassette 24) from one or more containers 20 (or other source of dialysate supply) into heater bag 22 for heating. Cycler 14 can then infuse heated dialysate from heater bag 22 through cassette 24 and into the patient's peritoneal cavity via patient line 34. After a residence phase, cycler 14 can institute a drain phase. , during which cycler 14 pumps used dialysate from the patient via line 34 (again via cassette 24), and discharges spent dialysis solution into a nearby drain (not shown) via drain line 28. Cycler 14 does not necessarily require solution containers 20 and / or heater bag 22 to be located at a prescribed head height above cycler 14, for example, because cycler 14 is not necessarily a gravity flow system. . Instead, cycler 14 can emulate gravity flow, or otherwise adequately control dialysate solution flow, even with solution containers 20 above, below, or at the same height as cycler 14, with the patient above or below the cycler, etc. For example, the cycler 14 can emulate a fixed head height during a given procedure, or the cycler 14 can change the effective head height, either to increase or decrease the pressure applied to the dialysate during a procedure. The cycler 14 can also adjust the dialysate flow rate. In one aspect of the invention, the cycler 14 can adjust the pressure and / or flow rate of dialysate when it is supplied to the patient or withdrawn from the patient to reduce the patient's sensation of the filling or draining operation. Said adjustment may occur during a single fill and / or drain cycle, or may be adjusted across different fill and / or drain cycles. In one embodiment, the cycler 14 can taper the pressure used to withdraw used dialysate from the patient near the end of a draining operation. Because the cycler 14 can set an artificial head height, it can have the flexibility to interact with and adapt to the particular physiology or changes in relative elevation of the patient. QLacnn / Lznz / E / Yii Cassette In one aspect of the invention, a cassette 24 may include patient and drain lines that are separately occluded with respect to solution supply lines. That is, safe critical flow to and from the patient line can be controlled, for example, by squeezing the lines to stop flow, without the need to occlude flow through one or more solution supply lines. This feature may allow for a simplified occluder device as occlusion can be performed with respect to only two lines as opposed to occluding other lines which have little or no effect on patient safety. For example, in a circumstance where a patient or drain connection is disconnected, the patient and drain lines may be occluded. However, the solution supply lines and / or heater bag may remain open for flow, allowing the cycler 14 to prepare for a next dialysis cycle; For example, separate occlusion of patient and drain lines can help ensure patient safety while allowing cycler 14 to continue pumping dialysate from one or more containers 20 to heater bag 22 or other solution containers 20. In another aspect of the invention, the cassette may have patient, drain, and heater bag lines on one side or portion of the cassette and one or more solution supply lines on another side or portion of the cassette, eg, an opposite side. of the cassette. Such an arrangement may allow separate occlusion of patient, drain, or heater bag lines from solution lines as described above. The physical separation of the lines attached to the cassette by type or function allows for more efficient interaction control with lines of a certain type or function. For example, such an arrangement may allow for a simplified occluder design because less force is required to occlude one, two, or three of these lines than all lines leading to or away from the cassette. Alternatively, this arrangement may allow for more effective automated connections of solution supply lines to the cassette, as described in more detail below. That is, with solution supply lines and their respective connections located separate from the patient, drain, and / or heater bag lines, an automated uncapping and connecting device can remove caps from spigots on the cassette, as well as caps on solution supply lines, and connect the lines to respective spigots without interference by patient, drain, or heater bag lines. Figure 2 shows an illustrative embodiment of a cassette 24 incorporating aspects of the invention described above. In this embodiment, cassette 24 has a generally flat body and heater bag line 26, drain line 28, and patient line 34 are connected to respective ports at the left end of the cassette body, while the left end The right side of the cassette body may include five spikes 160 to which solution supply lines 30 may be connected. In the arrangement as shown in Figure 2, each of the spikes 160 is covered by a spike cap 63, that can be removed Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ exposing the respective spigot and allowing connection to a respective line 30. As described above, the lines 30 may be attached to one or more solution containers or other sources of material, for example, to used in dialysis and / or dialysate formulation, or connected to one or more collection bags for sampling purposes or for peritoneal equilibration testing (PET testing). Figures 3 and 4 show exploded views (top and perspective views, respectively) of cassette 24 in this illustrative embodiment. Cassette 24 is formed as a relatively thin and flat member having a generally planar shape, for example, it may include components that are moulded, extruded or otherwise formed from a suitable plastic. In this embodiment, cassette 24 includes a base member 18 that functions as a frame or structural member for cassette 24, as well as to form, at least in part, various fluid channels, ports, valve portions, etc. The base member 18 may be molded or otherwise formed from a suitable plastic or other material, such as a polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA), or a cyclic olefin / ultra low density polyethylene (COC / ULDPE) copolymer. and can be relatively rigid. In one embodiment, the ratio of COC to ULDPE can be about 85% / 15%. Figure 3 also shows the heater bag (port 150), drain (port 152) and patient (port 154) ports which are formed on the base member 18. Each of these ports may be arranged in any suitable manner. such as, for example, a core tube 156 extending from an outer ring or skirt 158, or a core tube alone. Flexible tubing for each of the patient, drain, and warmer bag lines 26, 28, 34 may be connected to central tubing 156 and engaged by outer ring 158, if present. Both sides of the base member 18 may be covered, at least in part, by a membrane 15 and 16, for example a flexible polymer film made of, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is cast, extruded or otherwise formed. Alternatively, the sheet can be formed as a sheet unit of two or more layers of poly-cyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate (PCCE) and / or ULDPE, held together, for example, by a coextrudable adhesive (CXA). In some embodiments, the thickness of the membrane can be in the range of about 0.00508 to 0.0508 cm thick. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of a PVC-based membrane may be in the range of about 0.030 to 0.040 cm thick, and most preferably about 0.035 cm thick. In another preferred embodiment, such as for laminated sheets, the thickness of the sheet unit may be in the range of approximately 0.015 to 0.025 cm thick, and most preferably approximately 0.020 cm thick. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Both membranes 15 and 16 can function not only to close or otherwise form a part of the flow paths of cassette 24, but can also be moved or otherwise manipulated to open / close valve ports and / or to function as part of a diaphragm, septum, or pump wall that moves fluid in cassette 24. For example, membranes 15 and 16 may be located in base member 18 and sealed (for example, by heat, adhesive, ultrasonic welding, or other means) to a rim around the periphery of the base member 18 to prevent fluid leakage from the cassette 24. The membrane 15 may also be attached to other interior walls of the base member 18, for example, those that form several channels, or they can be pressed into sealed contact with the walls and other features of the base member 18 when the cassette 24 is properly mounted in the cycler 14. Thus, both of the membranes 15 and 16 can be sealed to a peripheral rim of the base member 18 eg, to help prevent fluid leakage from cassette 24 when removed from cycler 14 after use, but are arranged to lie, without being attached, over other portions of base member 18. Once positioned in cycler 14, the cassette 24 can be crushed between opposing gaskets or other members so that membranes 15 and 16 are pressed into sealing contact with base member 18 in regions within the periphery, thus adequately sealing channels, valve ports, etc., each other. Other arrangements for the membranes 15 and 16 are possible. For example, membrane 16 may be formed from a rigid sheet of material that is attached to or otherwise made integral with body 18. Therefore, membrane 16 need not be, or include, a flexible member. Similarly, the membrane 15 need not be flexible over its entire surface, but rather may include one or more flexible portions to allow operation of the pump and / or valve, and one or more rigid portions, for example, to closing cassette 24 flow paths. It is also possible that cassette 24 may not include membrane 16 or membrane 15, for example, where cycler 14 includes a suitable member for sealing cassette paths, control valve and function of the pump etc. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the membrane 15 may include a pump chamber portion 151 (pump membrane) that is formed to have a configuration that closely conforms to the configuration of a corresponding pump chamber depression 181 in the base 18. For example, the membrane 15 can generally be formed as a flat member with thermoformed (or otherwise formed) dome-like configurations 151 that conform to the depressions in the pump chamber of the base member 18. The configuration The dome-like preformed pump chamber portions 151 can be constructed, for example, by heating and forming the membrane over a vacuum-form mold of the type shown in Figure 5. As shown in Figure 5, the vacuum can be apply through a collection of holes along the wall of the mold. Alternatively, the wall of the mold is Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ can be constructed of a porous gas permeable material, which can result in a more uniformly smooth surface of the cast membrane. In one example, the molded membrane sheet 15 is trimmed while attached to the vacuum form mold. The vacuum form mold then presses the cut membrane sheet 15 against the cassette body 18 and bonds them together. In one embodiment, the membrane sheets 15, 16 are heat welded to the cassette body 18. In this way, the membrane 15 can be moved relative to the pump chambers 181 to effect the pumping action without requiring stretching of the membrane. 15 (or at least minimal stretch of the membrane 15), when the membrane 15 is moved maximally towards the pump chambers 181 and (potentially) in contact with the separator elements 50 (for example, as shown in the solid line in Figure 4 while fluid is being pumped out of pump chamber 181), and when membrane 15 is withdrawn as far as possible from pump chamber 181 (for example, as shown in dashed line in Figure 4 when fluid is withdrawn towards the pump chamber 181). Avoiding stretch of the diaphragm 15 can help prevent surges or other changes in fluid supply pressure due to sheet stretch and / or help simplify pump control when seeking to minimize pressure variation during pumping. pumping operation. Other benefits may be found, including reduced probability of membrane 15 failure (for example, due to tears in the membrane 15 resulting from stresses placed on the membrane 15 during stretching), and / or improved accuracy in volume measurement. pump supply line, as described in more detail below. In one embodiment, the portions of the pump chamber 151 can be formed to have a size (eg, to define a volume) that is approximately 85-110% of the size of the pump chamber 181, eg, if the portions of the pump chamber 151 define a volume that is approximately 100% of the volume of the pump chamber, portions of the pump chamber 151 may be laid in the pump chamber 181 and in contact with the spacers 50 while in residence and without being subjected to effort. The provision of greater control of the pressure used to generate a filling pulsation and delivery of liquid into and out of a pump chamber can have several advantages. For example, it may be desirable to apply the lowest possible negative pressure when the pump chamber draws fluid from the patient's peritoneal cavity during a drain cycle. A patient may experience discomfort during the drain cycle of a treatment in part due to the negative pressure that is applied by the pumps during a fill pulse. The added control that a preformed membrane can provide to the negative pressure that is applied during a fill pulse can help reduce patient discomfort. Many other benefits can be realized by using preformed pump membranes to contour the pump chamber of the cassette. For example, the flow rate of the liquid through the pump chamber can be made more uniform, due to a pressure or Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ Constant vacuum can be applied throughout the entire pulsation of the pump, which in turn can simplify the process of regulating the heating of the liquid. Furthermore, temperature changes in the cassette pump may have a minor effect on the displacement dynamics of the membrane, as well as the accuracy of pressure measurements within the pump chambers. Additionally, pressure spikes within fluid lines can be reduced to a minimum. Also, the correlation of the pressures measured by pressure transducers on the control (eg, pneumatic) side of the membrane with the actual pressure of the liquid on the pump-chamber side of the membrane can be simpler. This in turn may allow for more accurate head height measurements of the patient and fluid source bags prior to therapy, improve the sensitivity of detecting air in the pump chamber, and improve the accuracy of volumetric measurements. Furthermore, the elimination of the need to stretch the membrane may allow the construction and use of pump chambers having larger volumes. In this embodiment, the cassette 24 includes a pair of pump chambers 181 that are formed in the base member 18, although one pump chamber or more than two pump chambers are possible. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the pump chamber interior wall 181 includes spacer elements 50 that are spaced apart from each other and extend from the pump chamber interior wall 18 to help prevent portions of the membrane from 15 make contact with the inner wall of pump chamber 181. (As shown in right-hand pump chamber 181 in Figure 4, the inner wall is defined by side portions 181a and a lower portion 181b. The spacers 50 extend upward from bottom portion 181b in this embodiment, but could extend from side portions 181a or be formed in other ways.) By preventing contact of membrane 15 with the inner wall of the pump chamber, The spacer elements 50 can provide a dead space (or trap volume) that can help to trap air or other gas in the pump chamber 181 and inhibit gas from being pumped out of the pump chamber 181 in some circumstances. In other cases, spacers 50 may help move gas toward an outlet of pump chamber 181 so that gas can be removed from pump chamber 181, for example, during priming. Also, the spacers 50 can help prevent the membrane 15 from sticking to the inside wall of the pump chamber and / or allow flow to continue through the pump chamber 181, even when the membrane 15 is pressed against contact. with spacer elements 50. In addition, spacers 50 help prevent premature closure of the pump chamber outlet port (openings 187 and / or 191) if the blade contacts the inside wall of the pump chamber in a non-uniform way. Additional details regarding the arrangement and / or function of the spacers 50 are provided in U.S. Pat. 6,302,653 and 6,382,923, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ In this embodiment, the spacer elements 50 are arranged in a type of stadium seating arrangement such that the spacer elements 50 are arranged in a concentric elliptical pattern with ends of the spacer elements 50 increasing in height from the bottom portion 181b of the inner wall distanced away from the center of the pump chamber 181 to form a semi-elliptical dome-shaped region (shown by dotted line in Figure 4). Locating the spacer elements 50 such that the ends of the spacer elements 50 form a semi-elliptical region defining the domed region designed to be swept by the pump chamber 151 portions of the membrane 15 may allow a desired dead space volume that minimizes any reduction to the intended pulsation capacity of the pump chambers 181. As can be seen in Figure 3 (and Figure 6), the stadium seating arrangement in which the elements separators 50 are arranged may include corridors or breaks 50a in the elliptical pattern. The breaks (or passageways) 50a help maintain an equal gas level along the rows (voids or dead space) 50b between separator elements 50 as fluid is delivered from the pump chamber 181. For example, if If the separator elements 50 were arranged in the stadium seating arrangement shown in Figure 6 without breaks (or aisles) 50a or other means to allow liquid and air to flow between the separator elements 50, the membrane 15 could reach the lowest point in the spacer element 50 located at the outermost periphery of the pump chamber 181, trapping any gas or liquid that is present in the gap between this outermost spacer element 50 and the side wall portions 181a of the pump chamber. bomb. Similarly, if the membrane 15 reaches the lowest point in any two adjacent spacer elements 50, any gases and liquids in the gap between the elements 50 may be trapped. In such an arrangement, at the end of the pump pulse, air or other gas in the center of pump chamber 181 could be supplied while liquid remains in the outer spinnerets. Supplementing breaks (or passageways) 50a or other means of fluid communication between gaps between spacer elements 50 helps to maintain an equal gas level throughout the gaps during pump pulsation, so that air or other Gas may be inhibited from leaving the pump chamber 181 unless substantially the volume of liquid has been delivered. In certain embodiments, spacer elements 50 and / or membrane 15 may be arranged so that membrane 15 generally does not wrap or otherwise deform around individual spacers 50 when pressed into contact therewith, or otherwise. they extend significantly into the gaps between the spacers 50. Such an arrangement can reduce any stretching or damage to the membrane 15 caused by wrapping or otherwise deformation around one or more individual spacer elements 50. For example, it has also been found that it is advantageous in this modality to make the size of the holes Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ between spacers 50 approximately equal in width to the width of the spacers 50. This feature has been shown to help prevent deformation of the membrane 15, eg, collapse of the membrane in the gaps between spacers 50 , when the membrane 15 is forced into contact with the spacers 50 during a pumping operation. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the internal wall of the pump chambers 181 may define a depression that is greater than the gap, for example a semi-elliptical or domed gap, designed to be swept by portions of the pump chamber. pump 151 of the membrane 15. In such cases, one or more spacer elements 50 may be located below the dome region designed to be swept by the membrane portion 151 rather than extending into that dome region. In certain instances, the ends of spacer elements 50 may define the periphery of the designed dome region to be swept by membrane 15. The location of spacer elements 50 outside of, or adjacent to, the periphery of the designed dome region to be swept by the membrane portion 151 may have a number of advantages. For example, locating one or more spacer elements 50 such that the spacer elements are outside of, or adjacent to, the dome region designed to be swept by the flexible membrane provides dead space between the spacers and the membrane, as described above, while minimizing any reduction to the designed pulsability of the pump chambers 181. It is to be understood that spacer members 50, if present, in a pump chamber may be arranged in any other suitable manner, as, for example, shown in Figure 7. (The pump chamber 181 on the left hand side in Figure 7 includes spacers 50 arranged similarly to Figure 6, but there is only one break or passageway 50a running vertically through the approximate center of pump chamber 181. Spacers 50 can be arranged to define a concave shape similar to that of Figure 6 (i.e., the tops of the spacers 50 may form the semi-elliptical shape shown in Figures 3 and 4), or they may be arranged in other suitable ways, such as to form a spherical shape, a box and so on.The pump chamber 181 on the right hand side in Figure 7 shows an embodiment in which spacers 50 are arranged vertically with gaps 50b between spacers 50 also arranged vertically. As with the left hand pump chamber, the spacers 50 in the right hand pump chamber 181 may define a semi-elliptical, spherical, box-like depression, or any other suitably shaped depression. It should be understood, however, that the spacer elements 50 may have a fixed height, a different spatial pattern than those shown, etc. Also, the membrane 15 may have spacer elements or other features, such as ribs, bulges, ears, grooves, channels, etc., in addition to, or instead of the or Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi spacer elements 50. Features on the membrane 15 can help prevent adhesion of the membrane 15, etc., and / or provide other features, such as helping to control how the blades bend or otherwise deform when moved during the pumping action. . For example, bulges or other features in the membrane 15 can help the sheet to deform consistently and avoid kinking in the same area(s) during repeated cycles. Bending of the same area of ​​the membrane 15 in repeated cycles can cause the membrane 15 to fail prematurely in the area of ​​bending, and therefore features in the membrane 15 can help control the way in which bends occur and in where they occur In this illustrative embodiment, the base member 18 of the cassette 24 defines a plurality of controllable valve features, fluid paths, and other structures to guide fluid movement in the cassette 24. Figure 6 shows a plan view of the valve side. pump chamber of the base member 18, which is also seen in perspective view in Figure 3. Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a rear side of the base member 18 and Figure 9 shows a plan view of the rear side of the base member 18. base member 18. Tube 156 for each of ports 150, 152 and 154 fluidly communicates with a respective valve well 183 that is formed in base member 18. Valve wells 183 are fluidly isolated from each other by walls surrounding each valve well 183 and by sealing engagement of the membrane 15 with the walls around the wells 183. As mentioned before, the membrane 15 can sealably engage the walls around each valve well 183 (and other walls of the base member 18) when pressed into contact with the walls, for example, when loaded towards the cycler 14. The fluid in the valve wells 183 can flow towards a respective valve port 184, if the membrane 15 is not pressed toward the sealing engagement with the valve port 184. Thus, each valve port 184 defines a valve (eg, a volcano valve) that can be opened and closed by selectively moving a portion of the membrane 15 associated with the valve port 184. As described in more detail below, cycler 14 can selectively control the position of portions of membrane 15 so that valve ports (such as ports 184) can be opened or closed to control the flow through the various fluid channels and other paths in the cassette 24. Flow through the valve ports 184 leads to the rear side of the base member 18. For the valve ports 184 associated with the heater bag and the drained (ports 150 and 152), valve ports 184 lead to a common channel 200 formed on the rear side of base member 18. As with valve wells 183, channel 200 is isolated from other channels and paths of the cassette. 24 by sheet 16 making sealing contact with the walls of base member 18 forming channel 200. For valve port 184, associated with patient line port 154, flow through port 184 leads to a channel channel 202 on the rear side of the base member 18. The common channel 200 can also Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ may be mentioned herein as an upper fluid bus and the common channel 202 may also be mentioned herein as a lower fluid bus. Returning to Figure 6, each of the spigots 160 (shown without cap in Figure 6) fluidly communicates with a respective valve well 185, which are isolated from each other by walls and membrane sealing engagement 15. with the walls forming the wells 185. The fluid in the valve wells 185 can flow into a respective valve port 186, if the membrane 15 is not in sealing engagement with the port 186. (Again, the position of portions of membrane 15 over each valve port 186 can be controlled by cycler 14 to open and close valve ports 186.) Flow through valve ports 186 leads to the posterior side of base member 18 and into the common channel 202. Therefore, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, a cassette may have a plurality of solution supply lines (or other lines that supply materials to provide dialysate) that are connected to a common manifold or channel of the cassette, and each line may have a corresponding valve to control flow from / to the line with respect to the manifold or common channel. Fluid in channel 202 can flow into lower openings 187 of pump chambers 181 via openings 188 leading to lower pump valve wells 189 (see Figure 6). Flow from the lower pump valve wells 189 can pass through a respective lower pump valve port 190 if a respective portion of the membrane 15 is not pressed into sealing engagement with the port 190. As can be seen in In Figure 9, the lower pump valve ports 190 lead to a channel that communicates with the lower openings 187 of the pump chamber 181. Flow from the pump chambers 181 can pass through the upper openings 191 and out. a channel that communicates with an upper valve port 192. Flow from the upper valve port 192 (if the membrane 15 is not in sealing engagement with the port 192) can pass into a respective upper valve well 194 and into an opening 193 communicating with the common channel 200 on the rear side of the base member 18. As will be appreciated, cassette 24 can be controlled so that pump chambers 181 can pump fluid from and / or into any of ports 150, 152 and 154 and / or any of spikes 160. For example, fresh dialysate provided by one of the containers 20 which is connected by a line 30 to one of the spigots 160 can be brought into the common channel 202 by opening the appropriate valve port 186 for the appropriate spigot 160 (and possibly closing other valve ports 186 for other spikes). Also, the lower pump valve ports 190 can be opened and the upper pump valve ports 192 can be closed. Subsequently, the portion of the membrane 15 associated with the pump chambers 181 (i.e., pump membranes 151) can be moved (for example, away from the base member 18 and the internal wall of the pump chamber) to decrease the pressure in the pump chambers 181, thus bringing the fluid to Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ through the selected pin 160 through the corresponding valve port 186, into the common channel 202, through the openings 188 and into the lower pump valve wells 189, through the lower (open) pump valve ports 190 and into pump chambers 181 through lower openings 187. Valve ports 186 are independently operable, allowing the option to carry fluid through any or a combination of nipples 160 and associated source containers 20, in any desired sequence, or simultaneously. (Of course, only one pump chamber 181 need be operable to carry fluid therein. The other pump chamber can be rendered inoperable and closed for flow by closing the appropriate lower pump valve port 190). With fluid in the pump chambers 181, the lower pump valve ports 190 can be closed, and the upper pump valve ports 192 can be opened. When the membrane 15 is moved towards the base member 18, the pressure in the pump chambers 181 can increase, causing the fluid in the pump chambers 181 to pass through the upper openings 191, through the valve ports of upper (open) pump 192 and into upper pump valve wells 194, through openings 193 and into common channel 200. Fluid in channel 200 can be directed to heater bag port 150 and / or to drain port 152 (and into the corresponding heater bag or drain line) by opening the appropriate valve port 184. In this way, for example, the fluid in one or more of the containers 20 can be drawn into the cassette 24, and pumped into the heater bag 22 and / or drained. Fluid in heater bag 22 (for example, after having been adequately warmed in the heater tray for introduction to the patient) can be drawn into cassette 24 by opening valve port 184 to heater bag port 150 , closing the lower pump valve ports 190, and opening the upper pump valve ports 192. By moving the portions of the membrane 15 associated with the pump chambers 181 away from the base member 18, the pressure in the pump chambers pump 181 can be reduced, causing fluid to flow out of heater bag 22 and into pump chambers 181. With pump chambers 181 filled with fluid heated from heater bag 22, the upper pump valve ports 192 can be closed and the lower pump valve ports 190 can be opened. To direct the heated dialysate to the patient, valve port 184 for patient port 154 can be opened and valve ports 186 for spikes 160 can be closed. Movement of the membrane 15 in the pump chambers 181 towards the base member 18 can increase the pressure in the pump chambers 181 causing fluid to flow through the lower pump valve ports 190, through openings 188 and through common channel 202 to and through (open) valve port 184 to patient port 154. This operation is Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ can be repeated an appropriate number of times to transfer a desired volume of heated dialysate to the patient. When the patient is drained, the valve port 184 for the patient port 154 can be opened, the upper pump valve ports 192 can be closed, and the lower pump valve ports 190 can be opened (with the pin valve 186 closed). The membrane 15 can be moved to carry fluid from the patient port 154 and into the pump chambers 181. Subsequently, the lower pump valve ports 190 can be closed, the upper valve ports 192 can be opened, and the valve 184 for drain port 152 can be opened. The fluid from the pump chambers 181 can then be pumped into the drain line for disposal or sampling into a drain or collection container. (Alternatively, the fluid may also be directed to one or more spigots 160 / lines 30 for sampling or draining purposes). This operation can be repeated until sufficient dialysate is removed from the patient and pumped to the drain. The heater bag 22 can also serve as a mixing container. Depending on the specific treatment requirements for an individual patient, dialysate or other solutions having different compositions can be connected to cassette 24 via suitable solution lines 30 and spikes 160. Measured amounts of each solution can be added to heater bag 22 using cassette 24, and mixed in accordance with one or more pre-determined formulas stored in microprocessor memory and accessible by control system 16. Alternatively, treatment parameters Specific settings can be entered by the user via user interface 144. The control system 16 can be programmed to compute the appropriate mix requirements based on the type of dialysate or solution containers connected to spikes 160, and can then control the mix. and delivering the prescribed mixture to the patient. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the pressure applied by the pumps to the dialysate being infused into or removed from the patient can be controlled so that the patient's sensations of tugging or pulling resulting from pressure variations during operations Drain and fill times can be reduced to a minimum. For example, when the dialysate is drained, the suction pressure (or vacuum / negative pressure) can be reduced near the end of the draining process, thus minimizing the patient's sensation of dialysate withdrawal. A similar approach can be used near the end of a fill operation, ie the supply pressure (or positive pressure) can be reduced near the end of the fill. Different pressure profiles may be used for different fill and / or drain cycles in the event that the patient is found to be more or less sensitive to fluid movement during different cycles of therapy. For example, a relatively higher (or lower) pressure can be used during the cycles of Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ filling and / or draining when a patient is sleeping, compared to when the patient is awake. The cycler 14 can detect the sleep / wake state of the patient, for example, using an infrared motion detector and inferring sleep if the patient's movement is reduced, or using a detected change in blood pressure, brain waves, or other parameter. which is indicative of sleep, etc. Alternatively, the cycler 14 can simply ask the patient - are you sleeping? and controlling the operation of the system based on the patient's response (or lack of response). Patient line status detection apparatus In one aspect, a patient line condition detector detects when a fluid line to a patient, such as patient line 34, is properly started with fluid prior to being connected to the patient. (It is to be understood that while a patient line condition detector is described in relation to a patient line, aspects of the invention include detection of the presence of any suitable tubing segment or other conduit and / or a condition of filling of the tube segment or other conduit Thus, aspects of the invention are not limited to use with a patient line, as a tube condition detector can be used with any suitable conduit). In some embodiments, a patient line condition detector may be used to detect proper priming of a tubing segment at the patient connection end of a fluid line. The patient line 34 can be connected to an internal catheter in a patient's blood vessel, in the body cavity, subcutaneously, or in another organ. In one embodiment, patient line 34 may be a component of a peritoneal dialysis system 10, which supplies dialysate to and receives fluid from a patient's peritoneal cavity. A segment of the tube near the distal end of the line can be placed in a vertical position in a holder within which the detector's sensing elements are located. Figure 10 shows a front perspective view of an exemplary configuration of a fluid line condition detector 1000, which may be mounted on, or otherwise exposed to, the exterior of the left-hand side of housing 82, for example, next to front door 141. The fluid line status detector will be described as a patient line status detector 1000 for exemplary purposes. The patient line 34 should preferably be started before being connected to the patient, since air could otherwise be delivered into the patient, increasing the risk of complications. It may be permissible in some configurations to allow up to 1 mL to be present in the patient line 34 before connecting to the patient's peritoneal dialysis catheter. Exemplary configurations of patient line condition detector 1000 described below will generally meet or exceed this standard, as they are capable of sensing a liquid level in a properly positioned tube segment of line 34 such that at most Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Appropriately 0.2 mL of air remains at the distal end of line 34 after starting. In one aspect, a patient line status detector 1000 of the first configuration may include a base member 1002. There may also be a patient line status detector housing 1006 attached to (or co-molded with) the base member 1002, so that the detector housing 1006 can be extended outwardly from the base member 1002. The detector housing 1006 defines a tube or connector holding channel 1012 into which a segment of the tube 34a can be placed near the distal end of a patient line 34, or its related connector 36. The portion of the detector housing 1006 that faces the base member 1002 may be substantially hollow and result in an open cavity 1008 (shown in Figure 11 and Figure 13) can be created behind the detector housing 1006. The open cavity 1008 can accommodate the placement and positioning of the detector elements (1026, 1028, 1030 and 1032 shown in Figure 13) near the channel 1012 within which the tube segment 34a can be placed. In an alternative embodiment, there may also be a stabilizer tab 1010 extending outwardly from the base member 1002. The stabilizer tab 1010 may have a concave outer shape, so that it can substantially conform to the curvature of the patient line connector. 36 when the patient line 34 is placed in the housing of the patient line status detector 1006. The stabilizing tab 1010 can help prevent the connector 36 from moving during priming of the patient line 34, increasing accuracy. and the efficiency of the priming process. The detector housing 1006 may have a shape that generally helps define the connector holding tube or channel 1012, which in turn may have dimensions that vary to accommodate the transition from a tube segment 34a to a tube connector 36. In this illustrative embodiment, channel 1012 may conform substantially to the shape of patient line connector 36. As a result, channel 1012 may be U-shaped to encompass a portion of connector 36 when it is placed in channel 1012. channel 1012 can be made of two different features; a tube portion 1014 and a bracket 1016. In another aspect, the tube portion 1014 may be positioned below the bracket 1016. Additionally, the bracket 1016 may be formed by a pair of side walls 1018 and a rear wall 1020. Both Side walls 1018 may be slightly convex in shape, while rear wall 1020 may be generally flat or otherwise have a contour generally matching the shape of the adjacent portion of connector 36. A generally convex shape of side walls 1018 helps to lock the patient line connector 36 in place when positioned on the platform 1016. In an illustrative embodiment for a first configuration of patient line condition detector 1000, a region 36a of patient line connector 36 may have a generally flat o Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi surface that can safely rest on against the opposite rear wall 1020 of the channel 1012. Additionally, this region 36a of the connector 36 may have depressions 37 on opposite sides, which may be positioned adjacent the opposite side walls 1018 of the channel 1012 when the connector 36 is positioned within the housing of the detector 1006. The depressions 37 may be defined by raised flanking elements 37a of the connector 36. One of these depressions 37 is partially visible in Figure 10. The two side walls 1018 may have a generally mating shape (such as, for example, a convex shape) to engage depressions 37 and to help lock connector 36 in place within platform 1016. This helps prevent connector 36 and tube segment 34a from being inadvertently removed from detector housing 1006 during mounting. priming of the patient line 34. If the raised elements 37a of the connector 36 are made of sufficiently flexible material (such as polypropylene, polyethylene, or other similar polymer-based material) a threshold drag force against the connector 36 will be able to disengage connector 36 and tube segment 34a from detector housing 1006. In another aspect, tube portion 1014 of cavity 1012 may surround a greater portion of tube segment 34a at a point just before tube segment 34a is attached to connector 36. Tube portion 1014 may contain a greater part of the tube segment 34a using three structures: the two side walls 1018 and the back wall 1020. In one embodiment, the two side walls 1018 and the back wall 1020 can be transparent or sufficiently translucent (constructed of, for example, plexiglass). to allow light from a plurality of LED's (such as, for example, LED's 1028, 1030, and 1032 in Figure 13) to be directed through the walls without being significantly blocked or diffused. An optical detector 1026 (shown in Figure 12), can also be positioned along one of the walls 1018, and can detect the light that is emitted by the LEDs. In the illustrated embodiment, a transparent or translucent plastic insert 1019 may be constructed to snap into the main detector housing 1006 in the region where the LEDs have been positioned in the housing. Figure 12 shows a perspective plan view with LEDs 1028, 1030, and 1032 and optical detector 1026 surface mounted on a printed circuit board of patient line status detector 1022. Figure 13 shows a plan view of LEDs 1028, 1030, and 1032 and optical detector 1026 mounted on detector circuit board 1022, where detector circuit board 1022 can be positioned adjacent to back wall 1020 and side walls 1018 of the detector housing 1006. Figure 14 is an exploded perspective view of a detector assembly 1000 showing the relative positions of the printed circuit board 1022 and the transparent or translucent plastic insert 1019 with respect to the housing 1006. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ Referring also to the illustrative embodiment of Figure 11, the detector circuit board 1022 may be placed on a support structure 1004 and within the open cavity 1008, which was formed from the detector housing 1006 extending outwardly from the base member 1002. The base member 1002 and the support structure 1004 can be attached to each other, or they can be co-molded so that the base member 1002 is generally perpendicular to the support structure 1004. This orientation generally allows that the plane of detector circuit board 1022 is generally perpendicular to the long axis of tube segment 34a when secured within channel 1012. Detector circuit board 1022 may generally conform to the cross-sectional shape of open cavity 1008 , and may also include a cutout 1024 (Figures 12, 13) that generally matches the cross-sectional shape of channel 1012 that is formed by rear wall 1020 and side walls 1018 (Figure 10). The detector circuit board 1022 can then be placed within the open cavity 1008 with the cutout 1024 nearly adjacent to the side walls 1018 and rear wall 1020 of the detector housing 1006 to ensure proper alignment of the detector circuit board 1022 with the tube segment 34a or connecting 36. Detector circuit board 1022 may include a plurality of LED's and at least one optical detector, which may be affixed to circuit board 1022, and in one embodiment, the LED's and optical detector may be surface-mounted to circuit board 1022. In one aspect, detector circuit board 1022 may include a first LED 1028, a second LED 1030, a third LED 1032, and an optical detector 1026. A first LED 1028 and a second LED 1030 may be positioned to direct the light through the same side wall 1018a of the channel 1012. The light emitted by the first LED 1028 and the second LED 1030 can be directed in a generally parallel direction, generally perpendicular to the side wall 1018a to which they are closest. An optical detector 1026 may be positioned along the opposite side wall 1018b of channel 1012. In addition, a third LED 1032 may be positioned along rear wall 1020 of channel 1012. In this illustrative embodiment, said configuration of the LED and optical detector 1026 allows the patient line state detector 1000 to detect three different states during the course of priming the patient line 34; a tube segment 34a or connect 36 almost completely filled with fluid (primed state), an incompletely filled tube segment 34a or connect 36 (unprimed state), or no tube segment 34a and / or connect 36 of channel 1012 (no line state). When used in a PD system such as PD System 10, configuring the 1022 detector circuit board in this way allows the appropriate control signal to be sent to the 16 PD Cycler Controller system. The controller system 16 can then inform the user, via the user interface 144, to place Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ the distal end of the line 34 into the patient line status detector 1000 prior to making a connection to the peritoneal dialysis catheter. The controller can then monitor the placement of tubing segment 34a within the patient line status detector 1000. The controller can then proceed to direct priming of line 34, to direct priming completion once the line is shut down. primed, and then instructing the user to disengage the distal end of the line 34 from the patient line status detector 1000 and connect it to the user's peritoneal dialysis catheter. Surface mounting LED's 1028, 1030, and 1032 and optical detector 1026 to circuit board 1022 may simplify manufacturing procedures for the device, may allow patient line status detector 1000 and circuit board 1022 take up a relatively small amount of space, and can help eliminate errors that can arise from moving the LED's or the optical detector relative to each other or to the 1012 channel. If not for surface mounting of detector components, the Misalignment of the components could occur during the assembly of the device or during its use. In one aspect, the optical axis (or central optical axis) of LED 1032 may form an oblique angle with the optical axis of optical detector 1026. In the illustrated embodiment, the optical axis of a first LED 1028, a second LED 1030, and an optical detector 1026 are each generally parallel to each other and to the rear wall 1020 of the channel 1012. Thus, the amount of light directed toward the optical detector 1026 from the LED's can vary depending on the presence or absence of (a) a transparent or translucent conduit within the channel 1012 and / or (b) the presence of fluid within the conduit (which, for example, may be the tube segment 34a). Preferably, LED 1032 can be positioned near the side wall (eg, 1018a) that is furthest from optical detector 1026 so that some of the light emitted by LED 1032 is refracted through the presence of a segment of light. translucent or transparent tube 34a within channel 1012. The degree of refraction away from or toward optical detector 1026 may depend on the presence or absence of fluid in tube segment 34a. In various embodiments, the oblique angle of LED 1032 relative to optical detector 1026 creates a more robust system for determining the presence or absence of fluid with a clear or translucent conduit in channel 1012. LED 1032 can be positioned so that its The optical axis can form any angle between 91° and 179° with respect to the optical axis of the optical detector 1026. Preferably the angle can be set within the range of about 95° to about 135° with respect to the optical axis of the optical detector. More preferably, the LED 1032 can be set to have an optical axis of approximately 115° + / - 5° relative to the optical axis of the optical detector 1026. In an illustrative embodiment shown in Figure 13, the angle θ of the optical axis of the LED 1032 relative to the optical axis of optical detector 1026 is set to q Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi approximately 115°, + / - 5°. (The optical axis of optical detector 1026 in this particular embodiment is approximately parallel to rear wall 1020, and approximately perpendicular to side wall 1018b). The advantage of rotating the 1032 LED about the optical axis of the 1026 optical detector was confirmed in a series of tests comparing the performance of the 1026 optical detector in distinguishing a fluid-filled tube segment (wet tube) from a filled tube segment. with air (dry tube) using a 1032 LED that is oriented at approximately an angle of 115° vs. an LED whose optical axis was directed either perpendicular to or parallel to the optical axis of the optical detector 1026. The results showed that an angled LED-based system was more robust in distinguishing the presence or absence of liquid in the tube segment 34a. By using an angled LED 1032, it was possible to select an optical detector signal strength threshold above which an empty tube segment 34a could be reliably detected. It was also possible to select an optical detector signal strength threshold below which a liquid-filled tube segment 34a could be reliably detected. Figure 15 shows a graph of test results demonstrating the ability of the patient line condition detector 1000 to distinguish between a fluid filled tube segment 34a (primed state) and an empty tube segment 34a (unprimed state). . Results were recorded with LED 1032 (third LED) oriented at an angle of approximately 115° to the optical axis of optical detector 1026, and LED 1030 (second LED) oriented approximately parallel to the optical axis of optical detector 1026. Results plotted in Figure 15 demonstrate that the patient line state detector 1000 can reliably discriminate between a primed state and an unprimed state. When the relative signal strength related to the light received from the LED 1030 was approximately 0.4 or greater, it was possible to resolve an upper signal detection threshold 1027 and a lower signal detection threshold 1029 for a non-primed state vs. primed state using only the light signal received from the LED 1032. The upper threshold 1027 can be used to identify the non-primed state, and the lower threshold 1029 can be used to identify the primed state. Data points located above the upper threshold 1027 are associated with an empty tube segment 34a (unprimed state), and data points located below the lower threshold 1029 are associated with a liquid filled tube segment 34a ( primed state). A relatively narrow region 1031 between these two threshold values ​​defines a band of relative signal strength associated with light received from LED 1032 in which an assessment of the firing status of tube segment 34a may be indeterminate. A controller (such as control system 16) can be programmed to send the user an appropriate message whenever a light-related signal strength received from LED 1032 falls within this undetermined range. For example, the user may be instructed to assess whether the tube segment 34a and / or connector 36 are assembled Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ appropriately on the patient line status detector 1000. In the context of a peritoneal dialysis system, if the optical detector 1026 generates a signal corresponding to a segment of the empty tube 34a, the controller you can direct the cycler to continue starting the patient line 34 with dialysate. A signal corresponding to a fluid filled tubing segment 34a can be used by the controller to stop further priming and instruct the user that the fluid line 34 is ready for connection to a dialysis catheter. In one embodiment, the cycler controller may continuously monitor the signal received from one of the LED's at the start of the priming procedure. Upon detection of a change in the received signal, the controller can stop further pumping of fluid to carry out a complete measurement using all the LED's. If the received signals are well within the range indicating a wet tube, then further priming can be stopped. However, if the received signals are well within the 1031 indeterminate region or within the dry region, then the cycler can command a series of small pulses of increasing fluid into the patient line via the pumping cassette, with a Repeat reading of the LED signal strengths after each fluid pulse. Priming can then be stopped as soon as a reading indicating a fluid-filled line at detector level is achieved. Incremental pulsing of fluid can be achieved by commanding brief pulses of the valve connecting the pressure reservoir to the drive or control chamber of the pump. Alternatively, the controller can command continuous pressure to be applied to the pump drive or control chamber, and command the pump outlet valve to briefly open and close to generate the series of fluid pulses. Figure 16 shows a graph of test results demonstrating the superiority of an angled LED 1032 (LEDc) when compared to an LED (LEDd) whose optical axis is approximately perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical detector 1026. In this case , the relative signal strength generated by the optical detector 1026 in response to light from the LEDc was plotted against the signal strength related to light from the LEDd. Although some separation between a liquid-filled (primed) and empty (unprimed) tube segment 34a was apparent at a relative signal strength of LEDd of approximately 0.015, a substantial number of unprimed data points 1035 remained that did not they can be distinguished from the primed data points based on this threshold value. On the other hand, a relative signal strength 1033 associated with light from the LEDc of 0.028 - 0.03 can effectively discriminate between a primed tube segment 34a (primed state) and a non-primed tube segment 34a (non-primed state). Thus an angled LED (1032) can generate more reliable data than the orthogonally oriented LED. In another embodiment, a patient line status detector 1000 can also determine if a tube segment 34a is present in channel 1012. In one aspect, a first Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ LED 1028 and a second LED 1030 can be placed close to each other. One LED (eg, LED 1028) may be positioned so that its optical axis passes approximately through the center of an appropriately positioned translucent or transparent conduit or tube segment 34a in channel 1012. The second LED (eg, LED 1030) can be positioned so that its optical axis is moved slightly off-center with respect to the conduit or tube segment 34a in channel 1012. Such cross-centering / off-centering of the LED's on one side of channel 1012 has been shown , with an optical detector 1026 on the opposite side of channel 1012, increases reliability in determining whether a liquid conduit or tube segment 34a is present or absent within channel 1012. In a series of tests where a tube segment 34a was alternately absent, present but inappropriately positioned, or present and appropriately positioned within channel 1012, signal measurements were taken by optical detector 1026 from the first LED and second LED 1030. The signals received from each LED were plotted a against each other and the results are shown in Figure 17. As shown in Fig. 17, in most cases where the tube segment 34a did not have the channel 1012 (region 1039), the strength of the signal received by the optical detector 1026 was found to be attributable to the LEDa (strength signal strength from the LEDa) was not significantly different from the strength of the signal received from the LEDa during the calibration step where the LEDa was illuminated in the known absence of any tubes in channel 1012. Similarly, the strength of the LEDa was found to be of the signal related to LEDb (receive strength of LEDb), was not significantly different from LEDb during a calibration step where LEDb was illuminated in a known absence of any tube on channel 1012. The line state detector patient 1000 can reliably determine that no tube is present within channel 1012 if the ratio of LEDa to its calibration value, and the ratio of LEDb to its calibration value are approximately 1 ± 20%. In a preferred embodiment, the threshold ratio can be set to 1 + 15%. In one embodiment where the patient line status detector 1000 is used in conjunction with a peritoneal dialysis cycler, the LEDa and LEDb values ​​within region 1039 of Figure 17, for example, can be used to indicate the absence of tube segment 34a from channel 1012. The cycler controller can be programmed to stop further pumping actions and inform the user via user interface 144 of the need to properly position the distal end of the tube line. patient 34 into the patient 1000 line status detector. The configuration and alignment of the three LED's and optical detector 1026 described above are capable of generating the required data using transparent or translucent fluid conduits (eg, tube segment 34a) having a wide range of translucency. In additional tests, it was found that the line condition detector of the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ pacientelOOO was able to provide reliable data to distinguish liquid from air in a fluid conduit, or the presence or absence of a fluid conduit, using tube samples with significantly different degrees of translucency. It was also able to provide reliable data regardless of whether the PVC tubing was used in a non-sterile or sterile manner (eg, EtOx-sterilized). The measurements taken by the optical detector 1026 of the LED's can be used as inputs to a patient line state detector algorithm to detect the state of the tube segment 34a. In addition to detecting a complete, empty, or missing tube segment 34a, the algorithm's output may be indeterminate, possibly indicating improper movement or positioning of tube segment 34a within the patient line status detector 1000, or possibly the presence of a foreign object in the channel 1012 of the patient line state detector 1000. Manufacturing variations may cause the LED output and sensitivity of the optical detector 1026 to vary between different assemblies. Therefore, it may be advantageous to perform a initial calibration of the 1000 patient line status detector. For example, the following procedure can be used to obtain calibration values ​​for the LEDs and the detector: (1) Ensure that no tube segment 34a is loaded in the patient line condition detector 1000. (2) Probe the 1026 optical detector in four different states: (a) no LED lit (b) first LED 1028 (LEDa) lit (c) second LED 1030 (LEDb) lit (d) third LED 1032 (LEDc) lit (3) Subtract the signal value of no LED lit from each one of the other signal values ​​to determine its ambient corrected values ​​and store these three readings as no-tube calibration values. Once the calibration values ​​for the LED's and the detector are obtained, the state of the tube segment 34a can then be detected. In this illustrative embodiment, the patient line condition detector algorithm performs a condition detection in a test as follows: (1) Probe the 1026 optical detector in four different states: (a) no LED lit (b) first LED 1028 (LEDa) lit (c) second LED 1030 (LEDb) lit (d) third LED 1032 (LEDc) lit Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ (2) Subtract the value of no LED lit from each of the other values ​​to determine their ambient corrected values. (3) Calculate the relative LED values ​​by dividing the test values ​​associated with each LED by their corresponding calibration values ​​(no tube). Results: - If the ambient corrected LEDa value is less than 0.10, then there may be a foreign object in the detector, or an indeterminate result may be reported to the user. - If the ambient corrected LEDa and LEDb values ​​are within ±15% of their respective stored calibration values ​​(no tubes), then report to the user that no tube segments are present in the detector. - If the environmental corrected LEDb value is equal to or greater than approximately 40% of its stored calibration value ('no tube7), (a) verify the signal associated with the LEDc (i) if the environmental corrected signal related to the LEDc is equal to or greater than approximately 150% of its calibration value ('no tube'), then report to the user that the tube segment is empty. (ii) If the ambient corrected signal related to the LEDc is equal to or less than approximately 125% of its calibration value ('no tube'), then report to the user that the tube segment is filled with liquid. (iii) Otherwise, the result is indeterminate, and repeat the measurement (for example, the tube segment may be moving, it may be indented or otherwise obscured), or inform the user that the tube segment should be checked to ensure it is properly inserted into the detector. -If the ambient corrected LEDb value is less than approximately 40% of its stored calibration value ('no tube'), then the LEDc threshold for determining the presence of a dry tube may be higher. In one embodiment, for example, the LEDc empty tube threshold was found to empirically follow the relationship: [LEDc empty tube threshold] = -3.75 X [LEDb value] + 3. Once it is determined that the tube segment 34a has been loaded into the patient line condition detector 1000, the patient line condition detector algorithm may perform the following: a) Probe the optical detector 1026 with no LEDs illuminated and store this as the value of no LEDs. b) Light up the LEDc Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ c) Poll optical detector 1026, subtract the value of no LED from the value of LEDc, and store this as the initial value. d) Start pumping e) Probe the optical detector 1026 and subtract the value of no LED from the subsequent value of LEDc. f) If this value is less than 75% of the initial value, then conclude that the tube segment 34a is filled with liquid, stop pumping, confirm the detector status using the above procedure, and when indicated, report to the user. that priming is complete. Otherwise, keep repeating the probing, calculating, and comparing. In one embodiment, the system controller can be programmed to perform the polling protocol as frequently as desired, such as every 0.005 to 0.01 seconds. In one embodiment, the entire polling cycle can conveniently be performed every 0.5 seconds. Figure 18 shows the results of the sample calibration procedures for six cyclers. It is noted that the range of signal strength that distinguishes a dry tube from a wet tube (wet / dry threshold ranges) varies between different cyclers. (Variations in these ranges may be due to minor variations in manufacturing, assembly, and positioning of various components.) Thus, in calibration, each cycler can be assigned a wet / dry threshold signal strength range that optimally separates data points generated with a dry tube from data generated with a wet tube. Figure 19 shows a perspective view of a second configuration of a patient line status detector 1000. Two or more different patient line status detector configurations may be necessary to accommodate various types of patient connectors. In this illustrative embodiment, the second configuration patient line status detector 1000 may include most of the same components as the first configuration patient line status detector 1000. However, to accommodate A different type of connection, the second configuration may include a raised element 1036 above the housing 1006, instead of the stabilizing tab 1010 found on the first configuration 1000 patient line status detector. The raised element 1036 may generally conform to the shape of a standard patient line connector cap or connector tab. According to one aspect of the disclosure, detector housing 1006 may not include a portion of tube 1014. Therefore, an open cavity 1008 may be provided to allow placement of a detector circuit board 1022 so that the LED's and the optical detector may be positioned near a transparent or translucent patient line connector 36 rather than a section of tubing. Accordingly, channel 1012 can be formed differently or Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi to accommodate transmission of LED light through connector 36. In some embodiments, the fluid line detector 1000, rather than being used to set the status of a pipeline segment, one or more LEDs may be used simply to detect the presence of the line segment in the fluid line detector. 1000. The presence and proper seating of the line segment can be determined using fewer LEDs than the modes described above. In other embodiments, another type of sensor may be used to detect one or more conditions of interest related to a fluid line such as a fluid line 30 or patient line 34. For example, a fluid line detector 1000 may include a electrical or magnetic contact switch or a physically actuated switch such as a microswitch. Fluid line detector 1000 can detect the presence of a fluid line connector 36 or tube segment 34a upon actuation of said switch. In some embodiments, two or more such switches may be used in a fluid line detector 1000. This can provide some redundancy or can be used to detect that multiple line of interest segments are correctly seated. In one embodiment, a microswitch may be arranged, for example, in channel 1012 to be actuated when tube segment 34a is seated in channel 1012. Alternatively or additionally, a microswitch may be arranged, for example, in a cradle 1016 , when a fluid line connector 36 is placed on the fluid line detector 1000. In such embodiments, a cycler controller (eg, control system 16) may not allow tubing to prime until all of the one or more switches indicate that the line and / or connector is properly seated in the line detector. of fluid 1000. In another embodiment, the fluid line detector 1000 may detect the presence and condition of a tube segment using a split ring resonator based sensor. Such a detector is shown and described, for example, in US Patent Application Serial Number 14 / 341,207, filed 7 / 25 / 2014, and entitled System, Method and Apparatus for Bubble Detection in a Fluid Line Using a Split-Ring Resonator, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the sensor(s) in the fluid line detector 1000 may be configured to detect the type of fluid line 34 installed in the fluid line detector 1000 (eg, adult vs. pediatric size, opaque vs. translucent, etc.) The fluid line connector 36 and / or tube segment 34a may, for example, have different distinguishing features (eg, different geometries) depending on the type of line being used. The sensor(s) in the fluid line detector 1000 may be configured to discern what type of line is present based on detecting the presence or absence of such distinguishing features. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ For example, if a fluid line detector 1000 is configured to use microswitches, the switches may be configured to detect the presence of a particular type of fluid line connector 36. The fluid line connectors 36 on each type of line they may include different features (for example, different protrusions or recesses, or differently arranged projections or recesses). When installed in fluid line detector 1000, fluid line connector 36 can trip a specific switch or group of switches to detect the presence of the particular type of fluid line connector 36. If a combination is actuated If an invalid or unexpected switch combination is actuated that does not correspond to a fluid line geometry intended for use with the cycler or medical device, the controller can be programmed to notify the user of the incompatible or incorrect line. This switch arrangement can also be used to detect incorrectly seated lines or connectors. In other embodiments, the completion of priming a fluid line 34 with a fluid can be inferred by detecting when fluid flow has replaced air flow at the lumen at the distal end of the line 34 or at a connector 36 at the end. distal to line 34. The difference in resistance to flow between air and liquid in a lumen of a given bore can be detected by monitoring the flow rate of the liquid when it is under a predetermined force (gravity or active pumping). The lumen caliber can be chosen to optimize the differentiation between airflow and fluid flow. In most cases, this will involve introducing a flow restriction near or at the end of fluid line 34 or a distal connector. An appropriately chosen flow restriction at the distal end of line 34 or connector 36 will allow relatively unrestricted airflow out of line 34, while preventing sufficient liquid flow to retard the advance of a column of liquid through from line 34. This increase in resistance to liquid flow or change in pressure drop across the restriction zone can be detected by using a flow meter in the liquid flow path, or by measuring of liquid volume change in an upstream pumping chamber, time interval. In one embodiment using a membrane-based positive displacement pump, the rate of change of the volume of liquid in a pumping chamber can be calculated by controlling the pressure in a drive chamber of the pump (by applying Boyle's Law or other pressure - volume of an ideal gas in a closed space, for example), the pressure in the actuation chamber provides an indication of the pressure in the pumping chamber of the pump. A controller that receives liquid flow data from the fluid line or calculates the liquid flow out of the pumping chamber by measuring changes in pressure in the pumping chamber can compare the liquid flow with a value predetermined. Alternatively, the controller can calculate a drop in liquid flow rate and compare the change in flow rate to an expected value or Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi to declare that the fluid line has been primed with liquid. The flow impediment zone may comprise a constriction, obstruction, partial blockage, or restriction (eg, hole) that allows easy passage of air, but prevents the passage of a liquid such as dialysate solution. The feature may comprise a short segment of distal tubing or fluid connector 36 that includes a region having a smaller cross-sectional area than that of the fluid conduit in the upstream or proximal section of the fluid line. The term restriction as used herein is intended to encompass any feature that increases resistance to differential flow between air and liquid in a fluid conduit. In one embodiment, the restriction may be detachable from the distal end of the fluid line or an associated connector. For example, the restriction can be included in a plug or plug that remains in place in the fluid line 34 during priming of the fluid line 34. The restriction can, for example, be molded as part of the plug or plug during priming. manufacturing. This restriction may be a slit, gap, channel, or other flow path in the plug portion of the cap. The plugging portion of the cap may be inserted directly into the fluid conduit or into the lumen of a connected connector 36. Alternatively, the plug or plugging portion of the cap may be sized to have a diameter that is less than the diameter of the fluid conduit or its associated connector lumen. When the cap is installed, the plug portion can obstruct part of the fluid conduit, creating a small gap between the outer surface of the plug and the inner wall of the conduit, thereby creating the restriction. When fluid is pumped to prime a fluid line 34, the fluid will travel at a relatively high flow rate as air moves freely out of the fluid line 34 through the restriction. The increase in impedance when the fluid reaches the restriction will decrease the flow rate. Flow can be monitored by a controller that receives input from one or more sensors as priming occurs. When the flow rate decreases, it can be deduced that the air has been pushed out of the line past the restriction, and that a given applied force is now attempting to push the liquid through the restriction. In some embodiments, the controller may employ additional logic to discern among a number of possible causes for reduced liquid flow rates in the fluid line. In embodiments, where the restriction is an orifice (located either at the distal end of the fluid line or within an attached connector), the cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice opening can be selected to generate an amount desired impedance to liquid flow. Additionally, the chosen pumping pressure can be selected such that the flow rates when pumping air and when pumping liquid are detectably different. It may be desirable to place the constraint slightly upstream of the point at the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ that a fluid line 34 would be fully primed. This would allow some liquid to flow through the restriction during a determination or survey period about which a controller is determining if the impedance to liquid flow has changed. Having a line volume downstream of the restriction provides a fluid barrier to accumulate additional fluid while the controller makes a prime determination and stops the fluid pump, thus helping to prevent liquid overflow out of the distal end of the line. fluent. Preferably, the delay characteristics of the pumping system in responding to a change in liquid flow impedance are determined empirically for the system once the system parameters have been selected. These parameters may include, for example, the force or pressure applied by the pump, the frequency of pump volume determinations or flow measurements, the size and length of the pipe, the properties of the flow restriction, and the controller and pump response times. Once the system characteristics are determined, the post-restriction tube or connector barrier volume needed to prevent overflow can be determined empirically. For illustrative purposes, if the flow rate through a restriction is 30 mL / min, and it takes about 5 seconds for the controller and pump to recognize and respond to the impedance change, a hysteretic fluid volume of approximately 2.5 mL would be moved while the system responds to the change in impedance. In such a mode, the downstream volume beyond the restriction can be set to approximately 2.5 mL or slightly more than 2.5 mL. This can serve to help minimize the amount of air remaining in fluid line 34 during priming without over-priming the line and causing fluid to overflow the line and spill. Alternatively, the restriction can extend along the linear axis for a distance that allows the volume of the restriction flow path to be approximately the predicted flow volume while the impedance change is detected. This modality may be desirable when the restriction is included in a fluid line cap. In some embodiments, an air-permeable, but substantially liquid-impermeable material may be used to restrict liquid flow. Such a material can allow relatively unrestricted passage of air, but restrict or impede the passage of liquid. This material can be placed at the end of fluid line 34 and can allow air to be pumped out of line 34, but prevents overflow and spillage when line 34 reaches a primed state. The material can then, for example, be removed along with a fluid line cap when a user uncaps the line. In some specific embodiments, the material used may be Goretex or other similar material (for example, breathable materials that may be microporous or macroporous). As shown above, a drop in flow rate as the liquid reaches the material would indicate that the fluid line 34 has reached a primed state. Figure 20 and Figure 21 show one embodiment of a fluid line cap Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 5320, fluid line 34 and a fluid line 36 connector; As shown, a restriction 5322 is included in the fluid line 34. In other examples, the cap 5320 may have interior surface features that incorporate a restriction similar to the restriction 5322 shown. In this example, restriction 5322 is optionally positioned such that there is some fluid line 34 volume downstream of restriction 5322. Restriction 5322 in the example embodiment is a section in the fluid path with a section area reduced cross section In other examples, restriction 5322 may be a hole or a membrane that is cut, perforated, or otherwise has one or more pores to increase resistance to the passage of liquid. As illustrated in Figure 20, the liquid 5324 in fluid line 34 has not yet reached restriction 5322. At this point, the flow rate through fluid line 34 (for example, a stratified column of air and liquid) can be relatively high. Once the air column has been evacuated, the liquid 5324 in the fluid line 34 will have reached the restriction 5322. At this point, the flow rate will decrease due to an impedance change. Some 5324 fluid will continue to flow while the cycler determines that the impedance has changed. Once detected, the controller can be programmed to stop the flow of liquid through the line. At this point, and as shown in Figure 21, fluid 5324 will have primed substantially all of line 34 including the volume of line 34 downstream of restriction 5322. The controller can be programmed to notify a user that line 34 has primed and is ready for connection to a catheter or other device in preparation for treatment. Figure 22 and Figure 23 depict another example embodiment of a fluid line 34, fluid line connector 36, and fluid line cap 5320. As shown, there is no restriction on the fluid line 34 or on the fluid line connector 36. The fluid line cap 5320 acts as a plug for the fluid line 34 and includes a restriction 5322. In the exemplary embodiment, the restriction 5322 may comprise a notch, slot, or recessed channel in the circumference of the plug portion of the 5320 fluid line cap. The 5322 restriction can be sized to allow air to be pumped out of the line with relatively little resistance during priming, but prevents fluid flow when the column of air has been completely expelled. When the controller determines that line 34 is primed, the controller can then instruct a user to remove line cap 5320 and attach fluid line connector 36 to an indwelling catheter or other similar device. As illustrated in Figure 22, the liquid 5324 in fluid line 34 has not yet reached restriction 5322. At this point, the flow rate (gas plus liquid) through fluid line 34 can be relatively high. Once the liquid 5324 in the fluid line 34 reaches restriction 5322, the flow rate will drop due to an impedance change between the gas flow and the liquid flow through the restriction 5322. Some liquid 5324 will continue to flow while the controller Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ determines that the impedance has changed. Once detected, the controller will stop the flow of 5324 liquid through the line. At this point, and as shown in Figure 23, liquid 5324 will have primed substantially all of line 34. The controller can then notify a user that line 34 has been primed and line cap 5320 can be removed. With cap 5320 removed, any excess fluid 5324 pumped can fill the volume of fluid line 34 that was previously occupied by the plugging portion of fluid line cap 5320. Alternatively, the controller may be programmed to receive a signal from the user that the cap 5320 has been removed and the controller may be programmed to cause the cycler or pump to advance a small amount of fluid down the fluid line 34 to cap the distal end of the line 34 or connect 36 prior to its use. Figure 24 depicts a representative example of a 5320 fluid line cap with a 5500 plug or plug portion. As shown, the 5320 fluid cap includes a 5500 plug portion that may be sized to project and mate snugly in the fluid passage of fluid line 34. A slot is recessed into pin portion 5500 of fluid line cap 5320 and serves to create a restriction 5322 when fluid line cap 5320 is in place. installed at the end of fluid line 34 or a line connector 36. In the illustration, the notch is substantially triangular in cross section. In other embodiments, any suitable cross-sectional geometry may be used. Other arrangements may be used, for example, a narrow lumen through the length of a solid plug 5500. As shown in Figure 24, the end of the plug portion 5500 that extends from the fluid flow path may optionally be round (or conical). This can make it easier to fit a 5320 fluid line cap onto a 34 fluid line. 25 depicts another embodiment of a fluid line cap 5320. Similar to FIG 24, the fluid cap 5320 includes a pin portion 5500 that may be sized to project from and snugly fit into the fluid line conduit. of fluid 34. Restriction 5322 in Figure 25 is a flow path that allows fluid to flow from the fluid conduit of fluid line 34, through the interior of plug portion 5500 and into an interior volume of a fluid line connector 36. A cross-sectional view taken in a longitudinal plane of the example fluid line cap 5320 is shown in Figure 26. The cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is less than the flow conduit. fluid from fluid line 34. Figure 27 shows another embodiment of fluid line cap 5320 installed on fluid line connector 36 of a fluid line 34. As shown in Figure 28 is a cross section taken at line 28-28 27, fluid line connector 36 includes a segment that extends into fluid line fluid conduit 34. Fluid line tubing 34 may be attached (eg, glued, bonded, welded, or welded). , etc.) when connecting 36 line Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ of fluid. The fluid line connector 36 includes a flow path leading from the fluid conduit of the fluid line 34 to a connector fitting 5502 included as part of the fluid line connector 36. The fitting fitting 5502 may mate with a cooperating feature on a complementary connector (eg, of a patient's indwelling catheter) to allow fluid to be delivered to and / or withdrawn from a site (eg, peritoneal cavity or other body cavity). In the exemplary embodiment, a Luer lock is shown; however, any of a number of other suitable connectors or accessories may be used. The cap in the exemplary embodiment includes a plug portion 5500. The plug portion 5500 is sized to extend into the fluid path of the fluid line connector 36. In the exemplary embodiment, the diameter of the pin portion 5500 is less than the diameter of the flow path in the fluid line connector 36. When pin portion 5500 of fluid line cap 5320 is installed in the flow path of the fluid line connector 36, a small gap remains between the outer surface of the plug portion 5500 and the inner wall of the flow path. Thus, the pin portion 5500 serves to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path and creates a restriction 5322. As described above, in some embodiments, a small gap need not be present between the outer surface of plug portion 5500 and the inner wall of the flow path. Instead, the plug portion 5500 can fit snugly into the flow path. A slot may be recessed in the outer surface of the plug portion 5500 to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path and create the restriction, or an otherwise solid pin inserted into the lumen of the connector may include a flow path. Narrow flow to create a restricted flow path. In one aspect, the change in fluid flow impedance can be determined based on an estimate of flow rate during the progression of a pump pulse from a pump cassette. In addition, a pulsation displacement estimate can be used to discriminate between a change in flow rate due to an empty pumping chamber and a change in flow rate due to liquid 5324 reaching restriction 5322 in fluid line 34. The estimate of flow rate and displacement of the pulsation during the advancement of the pumping pulsation will be further described below. In some embodiments, a controller algorithm can be used to estimate pulsing displacement, to stop a pulsing before the entire chamber is delivered to a fluid line. That is, a controller can be programmed to instruct a pump to perform partial pulsations during priming to prevent the pump diaphragm from reaching an end-of-pulse position. This can help ensure that any drop in flow rate is not attributable to a pump diaphragm hitting the rigid wall of the fluid chamber. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ pump at the end of a pump press. When the controller determines that the volume of fluid pumped per unit time has decreased beyond a predetermined threshold value, the fluid 5324 in fluid line 34 may be assumed to have reached restriction 5322 and the line may be considered to have been barley In other embodiments, a controller may direct the pump to pump fluid until flow discontinuity is detected. At this point, the controller can direct the pumping apparatus (eg, cycler) to attempt to deliver a small volume of fluid from another pump chamber of a dual pump cassette. In the event that the flow discontinuity was due to the pump diaphragm reaching the end of the pulsation, the flow from the other chamber should be greater than the final flow rate of the first pulsation. If the discontinuity is due to a primed line condition, the flow in the other chamber will be similar to the final flow of the first pulse. Therefore, the device driver can determine that the line has been primed. In some embodiments, a nominal inner tube volume may be determined for a fluid line 34. A controller may then direct a pump to move fluid through line 34 until the volume of fluid primed by line 34 is within a specified volume. of chamber of the nominal tube volume. Once the remaining volume of line 34 is determined to be less than the volume of one full pump stroke, the controller may register the next flow discontinuity as indicative of a primed condition. The nominal interior volume of the line 34 can be determined based on the type of assembly being used. For example, a pediatric set may have a smaller inner tube volume than an adult set. In some embodiments, a device driver may determine this information through an optical sensor. In some embodiments, the set may include a barcode or data matrix that can be read by a camera on the pump or cycler device, the encoded information allowing the controller to determine the type of set installed. A controller receiving input from a camera may also be able to detect different features or geometries of a part of an assembly. For example, fluid line connector 36 may have unique detectable geometries detectable by fluid line detector 1000 as described above. Alternatively, a user can manually enter information on a pumping device user interface about the type of tubing or pump cassette in use. priming the line To reduce the time required to prime a line, it may be preferable for the pumping device to actively activate the line rather than allow gravity-based flow to do the job. In gravity-based priming, which is standard procedure, the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ fluid flow through the line depends on the height of the head of the reservoir in which the priming fluid is stored. The flow rate through the line during priming will increase with an increase in the head height of the primed fluid reservoir. Actively priming the line through the use of one or more pumps can allow a pumping device or cycler to simulate various head heights for a reservoir while the reservoir remains in a fixed position. If the fluid pump includes pumping chambers that are pneumatically actuated, the amount of pneumatic pressure applied to the pumping chamber(s) through a diaphragm can control the flow rate to a desired value without relocating the priming reservoir. . Avoiding having to relocate a fluid reservoir helps keep the pumping or dialysis system compact, reduces the installation burden on a user, and allows relatively quick priming of fluid lines. In some embodiments where flow paths and chambers of a pump cassette must be primed with fluid, priming can be done in two or more phases. In the first phase, the line can be primed with a lower effective head height (eg, lower pump pressure or passive gravity flow) than in a second or subsequent phase. Turbulence from higher flow rate can lead to the introduction or entrapment of air bubbles or pockets at various locations or crevices of a pump cassette. This problem can be mitigated by allowing the pump cassette to be primed slowly, and subsequently proceeding to a faster priming process once the fluid reaches a fluid line downstream of the cassette. The length of the first stage can be predetermined empirically through testing, or by measuring the amount of fluid volume moved from the priming reservoir to the cartridge or attached fluid line. Reducing air bubble formation or entrapment is desirable for a number of reasons, including that a line prime sensor can detect air bubbles and prompt the controller to stop the process and issue a user alert. The duration of the first priming phase may depend on the type of cassette being used (number of pumps and valves, and complexity of flow paths) and the volume of its interior fluid paths and pumping chambers. Preferably, the priming is done to allow the fluid to displace air in the cassette from the bottom up and at a rate slow enough to ensure that most or all of the entrapped air is forced into the attached fluid line and then expelled. to the environment. Figure 29 represents a flowchart detailing a series of steps that a controller can use to control the ignition of a cassette and bonded line using two phases. In the example, the primed line is a patient line that extends from a cassette to a patient. The steps shown can be easily generalized to prepare the other fluid lines. As shown, at step 5570, the cycler begins to prepare the patient's line by gravity supply o Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi fluid into the line through the cassette. In the exemplary embodiment, the priming reservoir is a heater bag. Free flow can be achieved by controlling the valves on the cassette such that an open flow path is created between the patient line and the heater bag. When the prime operation begins at step 5570, the controller may start a timer for the first phase of prime. The duration of the first priming phase can be empirically determined through testing to be sufficient to ensure that any air in the cassette has been discharged out of the cassette and into the patient line. Using the cassette example depicted in FIG 3, this duration can vary from 1-3 seconds. In one mode, the timer can be set to approximately 1.6 seconds. In control system modes that do not use a timer, but instead transition out of the first priming phase when a predetermined volume of fluid has been transferred from the priming reservoir, the predetermined volume may be approximately 1-3 mL, given the example cassette shown in FIG 3. When the timer has elapsed (or the predetermined volume has been transferred), the pump or cycler can proceed to step 5572 and actively begin priming the line. Preferably, step 5572 starts the line at a faster flow rate than step 5570. The cycler can continue to actively prime the patient's line until a host sensor indicates that the line has reached a fully primed state. In some embodiments, the controller may then indicate to a user at a user interface that priming is complete and the primed line is ready to be connected. Solution Line Organizer Figure 30, Figure 31, and Figure 32 show a front perspective view of an unloaded organizer 1038, a rear perspective view of an unloaded organizer 1038, and a perspective view of an unloaded organizer 1038. organizer loaded 1038 respectively. In this embodiment, the organizer 1038 can be formed substantially from a moderately flexible material (such as PAXON AL55-003 HDPE resin). Forming the organizer 1038 of this or another relatively flexible polymer material increases the durability of the organizer 1038 when solution lines or solution line connectors are attached and removed. The organizer 1038 may be conveniently mounted or attached to an exterior wall of the cycler housing 82. The organizer 1038 may include a tube support section 1040, a base 1042, and a tab 1044. The tube support section 1040, the base 1042, and tab 1044 can all be flexibly connected, and can be formed of substantially the same HDPE-based material. The tube support section 1040 may have a generally rectangular shape, and may include a generally flat top edge and a generally flat bottom edge. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ that may curve slightly in an outward direction. The tube support section 1040 may include a series of depressed segments 1046 that extend horizontally along the bottom edge of the tube support section 1040. Each of the depressed segments 1046 may be separated by a series of columns. support sections 1048, which may also define the shape and size of the segments 1046. The tube support section 1040 may also include a raised area extending horizontally along the top edge of the tube support section 1040. The raised area may include a plurality of slots 1050. The slots 1050 may be defined in a vertical orientation, and may extend from the top edge of the tube support section 1040 to the top of the depressed segments 1046. The slots 1050 may have a generally cylindrical shape to conform to the shape of a drain line 28, solution line 30, or patient line 34. The depth of the slots 1050 may be such that the opening of the slot 1050 is narrower than the region inside the 1050 slot. Therefore, once a line is placed in the 1050 slot it locks or snaps into place. The line may then require a predetermined minimum amount of force to be removed from the 1050 slot. This ensures that the lines are not inadvertently removed from the 1050 organizer. In one aspect, tab 1044 can be flexibly connected to the upper edge of tube support section 1040. Tab 1044 can have a generally rectangular shape. In another embodiment, tab 1044 may also include two slightly larger radius corners 80. Tab 1044 may also include two vertically extending support columns 1048. Support columns 1048 may be connected to the upper edge of the section of the tube support 1040, and may extend in an upward direction on tab 1044. In an alternative embodiment, the length and number of support columns 1048 may vary depending on the desired degree of flexibility of tab 1044. In another aspect , tab 1044 may include a grooved area 1052. The purpose of tab 1044 and grooved area 1052 is to allow organizer 1038 to be easily held by a user so that the user can easily install, carry, or remove power lines. 1038 organizer solution 30. Also, the 1044 tab provides additional support area when removing and loading lines into the 1038 organizer. In another aspect, base 1042 can be flexibly connected to the bottom edge of tube support section 1040. Base 1042 can have a generally rectangular shape. In another embodiment, base 1042 may also include two slightly larger radius corners 80. Base 1042 may include an elongated depressed segment 1046, which may be defined by a support ring 1054 surrounding depressed segment 1046. 1050 support columns, the 1054 support ring, and the raised area can all create a series Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ of gaps 1056 along the back of the organizer 1038 (shown for example in Figure 31). Figure 33 and Figure 34 show a perspective view of an organizer clip 1058, and a perspective view of an organizer clip receiver 1060 respectively. In these illustrative embodiments, the clasp 1058 can be made of a relatively high durometer polyurethane elastomer, such as, for example, a Shore A 80 durometer urethane. In an alternative embodiment, the clasp 1058 can be made of any type of material. flexible and durable that may allow organizer 1038 to flex and pivot along base 1042 when attached to clasp 1058. Clasp 1058 may be U-shaped and may include a rear portion that extends slightly higher than the front portion. Additionally, there may be a lip 1062 that extends along the upper edge of the front portion of the clasp 1058. The lip 1062 extends slightly into the cavity of the clasp 1058. The rear portion of the clasp 1058 may also include a plurality of pins. elastomeric pins 1064 connected to (or formed from) and extending away from the rear portion of clasp 1058. Pins 1064 may include either a cylindrical section 1066 or a cone 1068. Cylindrical section 1066 may connect to the clasp rear portion 1058 , and cone 1068 can be attached to an open end of cylindrical section 1066. Pins 1064 allow clasp 1058 to be permanently attached to organizer clasp receiver 1060, by engaging pins 1064 into a plurality of holes 1070 on the 1060 organizer snap receiver. The organizer clip receiver 1060 may include a plurality of beveled tabs 1072. The beveled tabs 1072 may mate with corresponding slots in the rear portion of the clip 1058 when the pins 1064 engage the organizer clip receiver 1060. Once beveled tabs 1072 mate with the slots, can extend through the rear portion of the 1058 clasp and act as locking mechanisms to hold the 1038 organizer in place when placed on the 1058 clasp. When the 1038 organizer is placed inside the clasp 1058, bezels 1072 fit into recess 1056 in the back of base 1042, which was created by raised support ring 1054. Referring again to Figure 31, and in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure , there may be a plurality of ramps 1074 extending outwardly from the rear of organizer 1038. Ramps 1074 may generally be formed as inclined planes. This allows organizer 1038 to be angled away from cycler 14 when placed on clasp 1058, which provides numerous advantages over previous designs. For example, in this illustrative embodiment, the angle of the organizer 1038 ensures that neither the tab 1044 nor the lines (or line caps) connected to the organizer 1038 interfere with the heater cover 143 when the cover 143 is opened q Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi or close. Additionally, the angle of the organizer 1038 relative to the cycler 14, coupled with the flexibility of the organizer 1038, encourages the user to remove the solution lines 30 from the bottom rather than from the connector end 30a of the solution lines. . Preferably, the user should not remove the solution lines 30 when gripping the connector ends 30a, because doing so could inadvertently remove one or more caps 31 by the user, which could cause contamination and spillage. Another advantage of the 1038 organizer is that it assists the user in connecting the 30 color coded solution lines to the correct 20 containers by helping to separate the 30 color coded lines. Door Latch Detector 35 shows a perspective view of a door latch sensor assembly 1076. In this illustrative embodiment, the door latch sensor assembly 1076 may include a magnet 1078 that attaches to or connects to the door latch. the 1080 door and can be pivoted with the 1080 door latch as it pivots in and out of the latching position with its latch on the 1082 docking base unit. A detector (not shown in the Figure 35) can be positioned behind the front panel 1084 of the cycler 14, near the base unit latch 1082, to detect the presence of a magnet 1078 as the door latch 1080 engages the base unit latch. 1082. In one embodiment, the detector may be an analog Hall effect detector. The purpose of the door latch detector assembly 1076 is to confirm that the door 141 closes and that the door latch 1080 engages sufficiently with the detent 1082 to ensure a structurally sound connection. Figure 36 shows a cross-sectional view of the 1076 door latch detector assembly. The 1079 detector is positioned on a 1077 circuit board behind the 1084 front panel. The 1079 detector is preferably oriented off-center from the line of sight. movement of the magnet 1078, because in this orientation the detector 1079 is better able to resolve a variety of positions of the magnet 1078 as it approaches the front panel 1084 as the door 141 is closed. In one example, door 141 may be considered sufficiently engaged when door latch 1080 has at least 50% engagement with latch 1082. In one embodiment, door latch 1080 may engage a degree of about 0.30 cm nominally. Additionally, detector 1079 can only detect a closed door 141 when door latch 1080 sufficiently engages latch 1082. Therefore, detector 1082 can only detect a closed door 141 when door latch 1080 engages. to a degree of about 0.15 cm. These engagement thresholds for door latch 1080 can be set approximately in the mid-range for acceptable engagement between door latch 1080 and pawl 1082. This can help ensure Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ a firm design by taking into account the inclination of the detector due to time, temperature and other variations. Testing to determine the robustness of the 1082 Detector was performed by collecting numerous measurements at both room temperature (approximately 24°C) and abnormally cold temperature (approximately -2°C to 9°C). Room temperature readings were repeatedly higher than cold readings, but only by a few percent of the 0 cm to 0.015 cm range. In one aspect, the output of detector 1079 can be ratiometric to the supplied voltage. Therefore, the supply voltage and the detector 1079 output can be measured (see formulas below, where the supply voltage and the detector 1079 output are represented by Door_Latch and Monitor_5V0 respectively). Both the output of the 1079 detector and the supplied voltage can then pass through % ​​of the resistor standoffs. Dividing the output of the 1079 detector and the supplied voltage may allow a stable output to occur. This procedure can ensure that the output remains stable even if the supply voltage fluctuates. In another aspect, detector 1079 can respond to both positive and negative magnetic fields. Therefore, if there is no magnetic field, the detector 1079 can produce half the supply voltage. Additionally, a positive magnetic field can cause the output of the 1079 detector to increase, while a negative magnetic field can result in a decrease in the 1079 detector output. To obtain an accurate measurement of the output from the 1079 detector, the Magnet polarity can be ignored, and the supply voltage can be offset simultaneously. The following formula can be used to calculate the latch detector ratio: Latch detector ratio = absolute value((VDoor_Latch / VMonitor_5V0) - noFieldRatio) (1) Where the sinRelaciónDeCampo is calculated as (VPuerta_Pestillo / VMonitor_5V0) with the door 41 fully open. Using this formula: Ratio = 0.0 indicates no magnetic field Ratio > 0.0 indicates some magnetic field; indeterminate address. Shims of various thicknesses can be used between the inside of the door 141 and the front panel 1084 to vary the degree of engagement between the latch 1080 and the catch 1082, to calibrate the strength of the magnetic field detected by the detector 1079 with various latch positions. latch of the 1076 door latch assembly. In one embodiment, this data can be used to develop field strength relationships with and without a wedge or in other embodiments with several Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ wedges of various thicknesses. In one example, the door latch detector assembly 1076 can complete the procedure to determine if the door latch 1080 sufficiently engages the pawl 1082 by doing the following: Calculate the Close Relationship and the Far Relationship: CloseRatio = noWedgeRatio - (.025 / .060) x (noWedgeRatio to WedgeRatio) (2) FarRatio = withoutWedgeRatio - (.035 / .060) x (withoutWedgeRatio - withWedgeRatio) (3) In one embodiment, the 1076 door latch detector assembly can save the sinFieldRatio, CloseRatio, and FarRatio to a calibration file. The 1076 door latch detector assembly can then load the sinFieldRatio, CloseRatio, and FarRatio from the calibration file, and the 1076 detector assembly can then use the NearRatio and FarRatio as the hysteresis limits the 1079 detector. The door latch detector ratio 1076 can then start with the initial condition that the door 141 is open, and then repeatedly calculate the Latch detector Ratio. If the Latch detector Ratio is greater than the Close Ratio, the 1076 door latch detector assembly will change the latch state to closed and if the Latch detector Ratio is less than the Far Ratio, the latch detector assembly of door 1076 will change the state of the latch to open. In an alternate embodiment for the 1076 door latch detector assembly, an Average Ratio can be calculated from the calibration data by averaging the sinWedgeRatio and withWedgeRatio. In this case, measurements greater than Average Ratio indicate that the 1080 door latch engages and measurements less than Average Ratio indicate that the 1080 door latch does not engage. Load v Operation of the Set Figure 37 is a perspective view of the APD system 10 of Figure 1 with the door 141 of the cycler 14 reduced to an open position, exposing a mounting location 145 for the cassette 24 and a cart 146 for the solution lines 30. (In this embodiment, door 141 is hinge-mounted at a lower portion of door 141 to cycler housing 82.) When assembly 12 is loaded, cassette 24 is placed in mounting location 145 with membrane 15. and the cassette 24 side of the pump chamber facing up, allowing portions of the membrane 15 associated with the pump chambers and valve ports to interact with a control surface 148 of the cycler 14 when the door 141 is closed. . Mounting location 145 may be configured to match the shape of base member 18, thus ensuring proper orientation of cassette 24 at mounting location 145. In this illustrative embodiment, cassette 24 and Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ mounting location 145 have a generally rectangular shape with a single larger radius corner that requires the user to place cassette 24 in an appropriate orientation on mounting location 145 or door 141 does not will close. It should be understood, however, that other forms or orientation features for cassette 24 and / or mounting location 145 are possible. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, when cassette 24 is placed in mounting location 145, patient, drain, and heater bag lines 34, 28, and 26 are directed through a channel 40 in port 141 to the left as shown in Figure 37. Channel 40, which may include guides 41 or other features, may contain patient, drain, and warmer bag lines 34, 28, and 26 so that an occluder 147 can close / open selectively the lines for flow. By closing door 141, occluder 147 may compress one or more of patient, drain, and warmer bag lines 34, 28, and 26 against the stop of occluder 29. Generally, occluder 147 may allow flow through the lines 34, 28 and 26 when cycler 14 is operating (and operating properly), but occlude lines when cycler 14 is de-powered (and / or not operating properly). Occlusion of the lines can be accomplished by pressing the lines, or otherwise by squeezing the lines to close the flow path in the lines. Preferably, the occluder 147 can selectively occlude at least the patient and drain lines 34 and 28. When cassette 24 is mounted and door 141 is closed, the cassette side of pump chamber 24 and membrane 15 can be pressed into contact with control surface 148, for example, by an air bladder, spring, or another suitable arrangement in the door 141 behind the mounting location 145 that crushes the cassette 24 between the mounting location 145 and the control surface 148. This containment of the cassette 24 can pinch the membranes 15 and 16 in contact with the walls and other features of the base member 18, thus isolating channels and other flow paths of the cassette 24 as desired. Control surface 148 may include a flexible gasket or membrane, for example, a sheet of silicone rubber or other material, which is associated with membrane 15 and can selectively move portions of membrane 15 to cause pumping action on the pump chambers 181 and the opening / closing of the valve ports of the cassette 24. The control surface 148 may be associated with the various portions of the membrane 15, for example, placed in intimate contact with each other, so that the portions of membrane 15 move in response to movement of corresponding portions of control surface 148. For example, membrane 15 and control surface 148 may be located close to each other, and a suitable vacuum (or pressure that is less than relative to the environment) can be introduced through vacuum ports suitably located on control surface 148, and maintained between membrane 15 and control surface 148 so that membrane 15 and control surface 148 are essentially stuck together, at least in regions of the membrane Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ that require movement to open / close valve ports and / or to cause pumping action. In another embodiment, the membrane 15 and control surface 148 may be adhered to each other, or otherwise suitably associated. In some embodiments, the surface of the control surface 148 or gasket facing the corresponding cassette membrane overlying the pump chambers and / or valves is textured or rough. Texturing creates a plurality of small passages horizontally or tangentially along the gasket surface when the gasket is pushed against the corresponding cassette membrane surface. This can improve air evacuation between the gasket surface and the cassette membrane surface at textured locations. It can also improve the accuracy of pump chamber volume determinations using pressure-volume relationships (as, for example, in the FMS procedures described elsewhere in this document), by minimizing air pockets trapped between the packing and the membrane. It can also improve the detection of any liquid that could leak into the potential space between the packing and the cassette membrane. In one embodiment, texturing can be achieved by masking the portions of the gasket mold that do not form the portions of the gasket that correspond to the pump membrane and valve membrane locations. An etching process such as the Mold-Tech® etching and texturing process can then be applied to the unmasked portions of the packaging mold. Texturing can also be achieved by any of many other processes, such as sandblasting, laser etching, or by using a mold making process using electrical discharge machining. Prior to closing door 141 with cassette 24 loaded, one or more lines of solution 30 may be loaded onto carriage 146. The end of each solution line 30 may include a cap 31 and a region 33 for labeling or attachment of a indicator or identifier. The indicator, for example, may be an identification tag that is snap-fit ​​to the tube in the region of indicator 33. In accordance with one aspect of the invention and as will be discussed in more detail below, carriage 146 and others components of the cycler 14 can be operated to remove the cap(s) 31 from the lines 30, recognize the indicator for each line 30 (which can provide an indication for the type of solution associated with the line, an amount of solution , etc.) and fluidly engage the lines 30 with a respective pin 160 of the cassette 24. This process can be done in an automated manner, for example, after the door 141 is closed and the caps 31 and pins 160 are locked into a space protected from human contact, potentially reducing the risk of contamination of lines 30 and / or nipples 160 when the two are connected together. For example, upon closing the door 141, the regions of the indicator 33 can be evaluated (eg, visually by a suitable imaging device and software-based image recognition, by RFID techniques, etc.) to identify which solutions are associated with which lines or Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi 30. This aspect of the invention relating to the ability to detect features of a line 30 by means of an indicator in the region of the indicator 33 may provide benefits such as allowing a user to place the lines 30 at any location on the carriage 146 without having to an effect on the operation of the system. That is, since cycler 14 can automatically detect solution line features, there is no need to ensure that specific lines are placed at particular locations on cart 146 for the system to function properly. Instead, the cycler 14 can identify which lines 30 are where, and control the cassette 24 and other system features appropriately. For example, a line 30 and connected container may be designed to receive used dialysate, eg, for post-testing. Since cycler 14 can identify the presence of sample supply line 30, cycler 14 can direct used dialysate to the appropriate spike 160 and line 30. As described above, since the pins 160 of the cassette 24 all feed into a common channel, the input of any particular pin 160 can be directed into the cassette 24 in any desired manner by controlling the valves and other features of the cassette. With the lines 30 mounted, the carriage 146 can be moved to the left as shown in Figure 37 (again, while the door 141 is closed), placing the caps 31 on a respective spigot cap 63 on a spigot 160 of the cassette 24 and adjacent to a lid separator 149. The lid separator 149 may extend outward (toward the door 141 from within a depression in the cycler housing 14) to engage the lids 31. For example, the cassette separator Caps 149 may include five forked elements that engage a corresponding slot in caps 31, allowing cap spacer 149 to resist left / right movement of cap 31 relative to cap spacer 149. Engaging the caps 31 with the cap spacer 149, the caps 31 can also hold the corresponding dowel cap 63. Later, with the caps 31 engaged with corresponding dowel caps 63, the carriage 146 and cap separator 149 can be moved to the right, removing spigot caps 63 from spigots 160 which are engaged with a corresponding cap 31. A possible advantage of this arrangement is that spigot caps 63 are not removed in locations where no solution line 30 is loaded due to that the engagement of cap 31 of a solution line 30 is required to remove a spigot cap 63. Therefore, if a solution line will not be connected to a spigot 160, the cap on spigot 160 is left in place. place. Cap separator 149 can then stop movement to the right (eg, by contacting a stop), while carriage 146 continues movement to the right. As a result, carriage 146 can pull the terminal ends of lines 30 of caps 31, which remain attached to cap spacer 149. With caps 31 removed from lines 30 (and pin caps 63 still attached to caps 31), the cap separator 149 can again be retracted with Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ caps 31 toward the depression in cycler housing 14, clearing a path for movement of carriage 146 and the uncovered ends of lines 30 toward pins 160. Carriage 146 then moves toward the left again, fixing the terminal ends of the lines 30 with a respective peg 160 of the cassette 24. This connection can be made by the pegs 160 piercing an otherwise closed end of the lines 30 (for example, the pegs can perforate a septum or wall closed at the terminal end), allowing fluid flow from the respective containers 20 to cassette 24. In one embodiment, the wall or septum may be constructed of a flexible and / or self-sealing material such as, for example , PVC, polypropylene or silicone rubber. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the heater bag 22 may be placed in the heater bag receiving section (eg, a tray) 142, which is exposed by lifting a lid 143. In this embodiment, the cycler 14 includes a user or operator interface 144 that is pivotally mounted to housing 82, as described below. In order to allow the heater bag 22 to be positioned in the tray 142, the interface 144 can be pivoted upwards of the tray 142. As is known in the art, the heater tray 142 can heat the dialysate in the heating bag. heater 22 at a suitable temperature, eg, a temperature suitable for introduction into the patient. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the lid 143 may be closed after the heater bag 22 is placed in the tray 142, for example, to help trap heat to speed up the heating process, and / or to help prevent touch or other contact with a relatively hot portion of the heater pan 142, such as its heating surfaces. In one embodiment, lid 143 may be locked in a closed position to prevent touching heated portions of tray 142, for example, in the circumstance where portions of tray 142 are heated to temperatures that can cause skin burns. . The opening of the lid 143 can be prevented, for example by a lock, until the temperatures under the lid 143 are suitably low. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, cycler 14 includes a user or operator interface 144 that is pivotally mounted to cycler housing 14 and can be folded toward warmer tray 142. With interface 144 folded, lid 143 may be closed to cancel interface 144 and / or prevent contact with interface 144. Interface 144 may be arranged to display information, for example, in graphical form, to a user, and receive input from the user, for example, using a touch screen and graphical user interface. Interface 144 may include other input devices, such as buttons, markers, knobs, pointing devices, etc. With assembly 12 connected and containers 20 properly positioned, the user can interact with interface 144 and cause cycler 14 to initiate treatment and / or perform other functions. However, prior to starting a dialysis treatment cycle, the cycler 14 will usually Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ less should start cassette 24, patient line 34, heater bag 22, etc., unless set 12 is provided in a pre-started condition (for example, at installation of manufacture or otherwise before being put into use with the cycler 14). Priming can be accomplished in a variety of ways, such as by controlling the cassette 24 (namely, the pumps and valves) to draw liquid from one or more solution containers 20 via a line 30 and pump the liquid through the various paths. of the cassette 24 to remove air from the cassette 24. The dialysate may be pumped into the heater bag 22, for example, for heating before being delivered to the patient. Once cassette 24 and heater bag line 26 are started, cycler 14 can then start patient line 34. In one embodiment, patient line 34 can be started by connecting line 34 (for example, by connector 36) to a suitable port or other connection point on the cycler 14 and causing the cassette 24 to pump fluid into the patient line 34. The port or connection point on the cycler 14 may be arranged to detect the arrival of liquid to the end of the patient line (eg, optically, by conductive detector, or other), therefore sensing that the patient line is started. As described above, different types of sets 12 may have patient lines 34 of different sizes, eg, adult or pediatric size. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the cycler 14 can detect the type of cassette 24 (or at least the type of patient line 34) and control the cycler 14 and cassette 24 accordingly. For example, the cycler 14 can determine a volume of fluid delivered by a pump in the cassette needed to start the patient line 34, and based on the volume, determine the size of the patient line 34. Other techniques can be use, such as recognizing a barcode or other indicator on the cassette 24, patient line 34, or other component that indicates the type of the patient line. Figure 38 shows a perspective view of the inner side of the door 141 disconnected from the housing 82 of the cycler 14. This view shows more clearly how the lines 30 are received in corresponding slots in the door 141 and the carriage 146 in such a way that the indicator region 33 is captured in a specific slot of carriage 146. With the indicator in indicator region 33 properly located when the tube is mounted to carriage 146, a reader or other device can identify indicator indicia, for example, representing a type of solution in container 20 connected to line 30, an amount of solution, a date of manufacture, an identity of the manufacturer, etc. The carriage 146 is mounted on a pair of guides 130 at the upper and lower ends of the carriage 146 (only the lower guide 130 is shown in Figure 38). Therefore, the carriage 146 can be moved from left to right in the door 141 along the guides 130. When moved towards the mounting location of the cassette 145 (to the right in Figure 38), the carriage 146 it can be moved until it makes contact with the stops 131. Figure 39 and Figure 40 show a perspective view of carriage 146, and an enlarged perspective o Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi view of a solution line 30 loaded on carriage 146. In these illustrative embodiments, carriage 146 may have the ability to move in gate 141 along track 130. Carriage 146 may include five 1086 slots, and thus may have the ability to support up to five solution lines 30. Each 1086 slot may include three different sections; a solution line section 1088, an ID section 1090, and a clasp 1092. The solution line section 1088 may have a generally cylindrical shaped cavity that allows the solution lines 30 to remain organized and untangled when removed. are loaded onto carriage 146. Clip 1092 can be located at the opposite end of each of the slots 1086, from the solution line section 1088. The purpose of clip 1092 is to provide a secure housing for a membrane port 1094 which is placed on the connector 30a end of solution line 30, and to prevent solution line 30 from moving during treatment. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, clasp 1092 may have a semicircular shape, and may include a middle region that extends slightly deeper than the two surrounding edge regions. The purpose of including the deeper mid-region is to accommodate a flange of the membrane port 1096. The flange 1096 can have a substantially larger radius than the remainder of the membrane port. Therefore, the deeper middle region is designed to accommodate the wider flange 1096, while the two edge regions provide support for the membrane port 1094 to immobilize. Additionally, the deep mid region may have two cutouts 1098 positioned on opposite sides of the semicircle. The cutouts 1098 may have a generally rectangular shape to allow a small portion of the tab 1096 to extend into each of the cutouts 1098 when placed on the clasp 092 . The 1098 cutouts can be formed so that the distance between the top edges of each 1098 cutout is slightly less than the radius of the 1096 tab. Therefore, a sufficient amount of force is required to engage the 1096 tab with the 1092 clasp. Also , allowing the distance between the top edges of the two cutouts 1098 to be less than the radius of the tab 1096 helps prevent solution line 30 from inadvertently shifting during treatment. In this illustrative embodiment, the carriage 146 can provide superior performance over previous designs due to its ability to counteract any deformation of the 1094 membrane ports. The 146 carriage is designed to stretch the 1094 membrane ports between the front of the flange 1096 and the back of the cuff. If membrane port 1094 is stretched further at any point during treatment, a wall on carriage 146 can support flange 1096. In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, ID section 1090 may be positioned between solution line section 1088 and clasp 1092. ID section 1090 may have a generally rectangular shape, thus having the ability to store a label of Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ identification 1100 that can be attached to solution line 30 in indicator region 33. Indicator region 33 may have an annular shape that is sized and configured to fit within the ID section 1090 when mounted on carriage 146. Identification tag 1100 may provide an indication as to the type of solution associated with each line 30, the amount of solution, a date of manufacture, and a manufacturer's identity. As shown in Figure 39, ID section 1090 may include a two-dimensional (2D) barcode 1102, which may be printed in the background of ID section 1090. Barcode 1102 may be a symbol of Data Matrix with 10 blocks per side, and can include an empty Data Matrix code. Barcode 1102 may be placed on cart 146 below identification tag 1100, when solution lines 30 are loaded onto cart 146. However, in an alternate embodiment, barcode 1102 may be added to the ID 1090 section of carriage 146 by means of an adhesive label or laser engraving. Also, in another embodiment, the barcode 1102 may include a Data Matrix consisting of varying length and width dimensions, as well as varying numbers of blocks per side. In this illustrative embodiment, however, the specific number of blocks per side, and the specific length and width of each 1102 barcode were specifically chosen to provide the most robust design under a variety of conditions. Using only 10 blocks per side can result in the 1102 barcode having larger blocks, thereby ensuring that the 1102 barcode is easily readable, even under dark conditions that exist within the cycler housing 82. Figure 41 and Figure 42 show a perspective view of a folded identification tag 1100 and a perspective view of a carriage driver assembly 132 including an AutoID camera 1104 mounted on an AutoID camera dash 1106 respectively. In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, the identification tag 1100 may be formed from an injection mold and then bent to attach around the indicator region 33. The identification tag 1100 may include edges that are rounded, which may prevent Containers of Solution 20 may be damaged during shipment. The identification label 1100 may also include an 8x8 mm two-dimensional (2-D) Data Matrix symbol 1103 with 18 blocks per side plus a print free area that can be added by means of an adhesive label. Information contained in these Data Matrix symbols 1103 can be provided from camera 1104 to control system 16, which can then obtain clues, through various processes such as through image analysis. Therefore, the AutoID camera 1104 will have the ability to detect slots 1086 that contain a solution line 30 that is installed correctly, a line 30 that is installed incorrectly, or the absence of a line 30. A solution line 30 that is correctly installed will allow the camera 1104 If LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ detects the 1103 Data Matrix symbol located on the 1100 identification tag, the absence of a solution line 30 will allow the 1104 camera to detect an empty 1102 Data Matrix barcode located on carriage 146 below membrane port 1094, and a solution line 30 that is incorrectly loaded will occlude the empty Data Matrix 1102 barcode, resulting in no Data Matrix being encoded by camera 1104 for that slot. Thus, camera 1104 should always encode a Data Matrix in each slot 1086 on carriage 146, exposing an incorrectly loaded solution line 30 . In this illustrative embodiment, the ability to detect features of a solution line 30 via an identification tag 1100 located in the indicator region 33 may provide benefits such as allowing a user to place the lines 30 at any location on the cart 146 without having an effect on the operation of the system. Additionally, since cycler 14 can automatically detect solution line characteristics, there is no need to ensure that specific lines 30 are positioned at particular locations on cart 146 for the system to function properly. Instead, the cycler 14 can identify which lines 30 are where, and control the cassette 24 and other system features appropriately. According to another aspect of the description, the identification tag 1100 must be oriented on the carriage drive assembly 132 to be decoded by the camera 1104. To ensure this, the solution line receiving structures on the support for the solution lines and the identification tag 1100 may have complementary alignment features. Referring to the exemplary embodiments of pulsation 146 described herein, carriage 146 and identification tag 1100 may have complementary alignment features. Additionally, solution lines 30 with ID tags 1100 must also fit inside the Cleanflash machine, so solution line 30 with ID tag 1100 can be built to fit inside a 1 / 4" diameter cylinder. 1.34cm. In one embodiment, the alignment feature may be a simple flat bottom effect on identification tag 1100 and matching rib on carriage 146. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the effect and rib may slightly interfere, forcing the back of the identification tag 1100 in an upward direction. Although this setting can create a small amount of skew, it reduces skew on the other axis. Finally, to ensure that the identification tag 1100 seats properly, the front of the carriage driver assembly 132 can be designed with only about 0.05 cm of clearance above the present carriage 146 and alignment of the identification tag 1100. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, the AutoID camera board 1106 may be mounted to the rear of the carriage drive assembly 132. Additionally, the AutoID camera 1104 may be mounted to the camera board 1106. The camera board 1106 Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ can be placed approximately 10.64 cm from the identification tag 1100. However, in an alternative embodiment, the camera board 1106 can be moved back without any serious consequence. A plastic window 1108 can also be attached to the front of the carriage driver assembly 132, which can allow identification tags 1100 to be imaged while also preventing fluid and finger ingress. The AutoID camera 1104 may include a camera lens, which may be any type of lens, such as those used for security applications, or lenses intended for camera phones with the IR filter removed. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the camera lens may be small in size, light in weight, low in cost, and high in image quality. Additionally, a single SMD IR LED 1110 can be attached to the board of the camera 1106. The LED 1110 can then illuminate the identification tags 1100 so that the camera 1104 can easily decode the Data Matrixes. It is important that the identification tags 1100 be illuminated because the environment within the cycler housing 82 is mostly lightless. Therefore, without the LED 1110 to illuminate the identification tags 1100, the camera 1104 might be unable to decode the Data Matrix 1103. Also, to avoid creating glare in front of the identification tags 1100, the LED 1110 can be mounted at 1.79 cm from the 1104 camera. An FPGA can also be mounted on the 1106 camera board, and can act as an intermediary between the OV3640 image detector and the cycler UI processor. In addition to making the processor's job easier, this architecture may allow an image detector to be used without any changes to other cycler hardware or software. Finally, image decoding is handled by the open source libdmtx package, which is addressable from many programming languages ​​and can be run from a command line for testing purposes. In some embodiments, a processor associated with camera 1104 may be capable of decoding bar codes, data matrices, or the like outside of an indicator region 33 of a solution line installed on cart 146. For example, a processor associated with camera Camera 1104 may be capable of decoding an identification mark on the package or overpack of an assembly or on the assembly itself before the assembly is installed in the cycler. For example, during setup, the user interface of a cycler may instruct a user to hold the tight packing in front of a certain distance from a window such as window 1108, such that an identifying mark on the packing is in front of the window. In this position, the identification mark will be in the field of view of the image sensor of camera 1104. Camera 1104 can then make an image of the package and the identification mark can be decoded by a processor associated with camera 1104. In some embodiments, after the identification mark has been decoded, the user interface may ask the user to confirm various information about the set. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ The information encoded in the identification mark on the assembly or assembly packaging may be the same or different from that included in the indicator for each solution line. For example, information about the packaging of the kit may be stored for recording purposes (eg lot number identification, etc.). In some embodiments, the information decoded from the packaging may be compared to the information included in the solution lines to ensure that the information matches or corresponds. This can provide some redundancy by allowing the device to recheck that the lines have been correctly identified and that the correct system was installed. Figure 43 shows a flowchart outlining a number of steps that can be used to determine information about an assembly to be installed in a cycler by reading an identification mark on the packaging for the assembly. As shown, at step 5700, the user may be prompted to place a joint pack in front of a camera in the cycler. This can be accomplished through a banner generated by a processor of the cycler for display on a user interface of the cycler. The cycler may then capture an image of the identification mark on the package or overpack adjusted in step 5702. In some embodiments, the user may be required to interact with the cycler's user interface to notify the cycler's processor that the package of the set has been placed appropriately. This interaction can generate a signal that is recognized by a processor which then commands the image to be captured. At step 5704, a processor in the cycler may decode the identifier on the package. The user can then install the cassette into the cycler at step 5706. In some embodiments, before the user installs the cassette, the user interface of the cycler can display a notification asking the user to confirm that the set was correctly identified. at step 5704. In one aspect, the cycler may display a message if the package is identified as a cassette that would be incompatible with a selected or programmed therapy. Once the assembly is installed in a chamber in the cycler it can read one or more identification marks on the assembly at step 5708. In some embodiments, the identification mark read at step 5708 may be an identification tag 1100 on each solution line of the set. A cycler processor may compare the information about the set collected in step 5702 and 5708 to ensure that the correct set was installed in step 5710. In the event that the information does not match, the user may be notified in step 5712 . In some embodiments, to avoid damaging effects of glare from visible light, data matrices 1103 of identification tags 1100 may include a fluorescent ink or dye that emits light of a first wavelength or spectrum in response to absorption of light. light of a second wavelength or spectrum shining on it. Said system of Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ identification may be used on any medical fluid handling device where fluid containers or bags may hold fluids of different compositions, expiration dates, or where manufacturing lot numbers need to be registered by the device. In an exemplary embodiment, the system can be used in an automated peritoneal dialysis machine. The system comprises an image sensor or camera 1104 configured to read an image generated by fluorescent light, the image comprising a pattern of coded information characterizing the fluid in the container, the age of the container, its lot number, etc. The fluid line 33 to which the container is attached may be mounted to a stand, cradle, or carriage 1088 to fix its position relative to the image sensor. The fluid line may have an identification tag 1100 attached on or near the support, onto which a fluorescent identification tag 1103 has been applied. The tag fluoresces a light pattern containing the encoded information about the light absorption it has. a non-visible wavelength emitted by a nearby emitter. The image sensor may be connected to a controller adapted to receive electronic signals from the image sensor card 1106 representing the image pattern containing the encoded information. For example, data matrices 1103 may include an ink or dye that fluoresces in the visible spectrum when it absorbs light in the ultraviolet spectrum. Data matrices 1103 can be printed with such ink or dye and applied to identification tags 1100 as an adhesive, for example any other suitable means can be used to attach data matrices 1103 to identification tag 1100. In addition to An image sensor, camera 1104 can include a camera lens that includes a filter that filters light of the second wavelength or spectrum (eg, a UV filter). One or more lighting elements, such as LED 1110 (eg, an SMD LED) that generates light in the second wavelength or spectrum (eg, UV light) may be connected to or attached to camera board 1106. LED 1110 can then illuminate data matrices 1103 on identification tags 1100. In such embodiments, data matrices 1103 will emit light in the first wavelength or spectrum (for example, in the visible spectrum) in response to illumination by light of the second wavelength or spectrum. The camera 1104 can then receive the emitted light of the first wavelength for decoding the data matrices 1103. The decoding of the data matrices 1103 can be performed as described above. The effects of glare from reflected light from the LED can be reduced in this way, since camera 1104 can be configured to filter light at the wavelength / wave spectrum that the LED emits. Figure 44 shows an illustration including a system in which the identification tag 1100 has a code printed on a fluorescent material. As shown, one or more LEDs 1110 can illuminate identification tag 1100 using light at wavelength A. Light generated by fluorescence at wavelength B is received by camera 1104. As shown Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ mentioned above, the fluorescence may be in the visible spectrum and the wavelength emitted by the LED may be a wavelength outside the visible spectrum such as ultraviolet light. The camera 1104 can optionally include a filter that filters the wavelength emitted by the LED. Once the identification tags 1100 of each lane have been viewed by the camera 1104 and analyzed, a processor in the cycler can generate a screen for visualization in a user interface that displays the results. The screen can indicate various characteristics about the identified solution. In other modalities, the display may reveal characteristics of the solutions programmed for use during therapy and indicate whether these solutions have been detected by the camera. In a mode where the controller is programmed to perform image recognition, and where the solution line caps are in the field of view of the image sensor or camera 1104, a results screen may show whether the lines were detected in a capped or uncovered state. In the event that the programmed solutions are not all present or one line is uncovered, the controller can be programmed to prevent the user from continuing therapy and to display any necessary corrective actions on the screen. The screen can also optionally display information about the type of set (eg, pediatric, adult, extended patient line, etc.) installed in the cycler if such information is collected. Preferably, this action is performed and the screen displayed prior to connection of the solution lines to a cassette so that no solution is wasted. Figure 45 shows an example screen 5630 that can be generated for display in a cycler user interface. Example screen 5630 shows the results of the analysis of the identification tag 1100. In example screen 5630, the characteristics of the solutions programmed for use in therapy are shown. These characteristics may include (but are not limited to): dialysate type or name, dialysate concentration, dialysate bag volume, dialysate osmotic agent, other composition information (for example, buffer information, ion content information ), type of bag, etc. The features shown may differ if the cycler is set up for home use or for use in a dialysis clinic. If there are fewer solution bags scheduled for use in therapy than the maximum allowed for the cycler, the unused solution line or solution line locations may be marked as none, no solution, or the like. A number of flags 5362 may also be included in the example display 5630. These flags 5632 indicate to a user whether the solution has been identified as being installed in the cycler. For example, a check mark might appear on a 5632 prompt next to a listed solution type if it is present. An X may appear if the list item is not detected. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ The example screen 5630 shown in FIG 45 also includes a flag 5632 associated with each solution that indicates whether a cap has been detected on the installed line. As noted above, any suitable method may be used to show whether a capped or an uncovered line is detected. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to include a clamp, clamp or stiffener element for placement at the distal end of a solution line. It can be configured to surround a part of the line and / or a connected connector. In any fluid handling apparatus that is configured to pinch the distal end of a fluid line, the distal end should preferably be constrained so as not to bend out of alignment with the longitudinal axis of a hollow pin. In some cases, the distal end of the fluid line will have been deformed during manufacturing or sterilization. In other cases, the flexibility of the fluid line may make it prone to bending as the spotting procedure occurs. A clamp may be rigid and constructed to mount to a distal portion of the fluid line, encircling the fluid line at or near the position where the spike penetrates a septum or other barrier in the fluid line. In one embodiment, the clamp comprises two rigid mid-members arranged to mate together to encircle the distal end of the fluid line. The clamp may be arranged to form a clamp around the fluid line in this position, with the interior features of the clamp configured to mate with mating features on the exterior surface of the fluid line. Preferably, the clamp can be applied to the fluid line to correct any pre-existing curvature in the fluid line, or to prevent bending of the fluid line during operation of the expansion apparatus. Preferably, the outer surface of the clamp enclosing the fluid line has a shape, orientation, and features that allow the clamp and its included fluid conduit to be mounted to a fluid line holder, cradle, or cart of the fluid line. fluid manipulation. A peritoneal dialysis cycler having a fluid line autoconnect apparatus can be used as an example of such a fluid handling apparatus. Optionally, an identification tag 1100 may be configured to function as a backing for a solution line. A clamp member may serve to encircle, restrain, or support a portion of the terminal / distal end of the solution line (or connector) where a solution line septum is located. The clamp helps prevent the encircled section of the line from bending or deforming out of an orientation dictated by the clamp. The clamp can also help ensure that a distal end of the line is reliably positioned in its track or cradle in the cycler. If a solution line is bent or deformed during manufacturing, for example, a clamp can help correct this by bending the line back into the proper orientation or geometry. It can be used, for example, to ensure that the end of the solution line or Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi remains generally aligned along one axis. This can help ensure that the end of the line is in a predictable orientation (for example, coaxial with the long axis of a corresponding post on a cassette) and is restricted from bending or deforming when a cycler is puncturing or otherwise manipulating. the line. A clamp can also help prevent a solution line from bending or deforming during sterilization of the enclosed solution or line. The cycler cart may be configured to receive and support a reinforcing member in a solution line. The carriage, in cooperation with a reinforcing member, can then provide additional assistance in ensuring that the solution line is in a particular or prescribed orientation and remains in this orientation when the solution line is punctured or manipulated. A clamp may, for example, be made from any suitable plastic (injection molded or otherwise) of sufficient rigidity to prevent deformation or bending of the enclosed line or connector. It is preferably made of a more heat resistant material than the material used to make the solution line. The edges of a clamp are preferably contoured (eg, blunt or rounded) to limit the potential for damage to the assembly during shipping and handling. A clamp may be constructed in two separate halves that can be attached around a section of pipe or fitting. More conveniently, the two parts of a clamp can be connected by a live hinge on one side, allowing for greater ease of installation into a solution or connector line. In embodiments where the solution line includes a solution line membrane or septum flange 1096 (see, for example, FIG 40), the inner surface of the clamp may include a recessed area sized to accept the flange. The recessed region can be shaped to be flanked on each side by surfaces sized to closely surround the smaller diameter solution line. As shown in Fig. 46, a solution line 30 is shown with an example support 5050 being positioned around a segment of the solution line 30 in which an inner septum (not shown in Fig. 46) is arranged. . In the illustrated example, the 5050 clamp can comprise two halves and include a 5052 live hinge or a thin bridge of material that allows the 5050 clamp to fold into place around the solution line 30. The 5052 live hinge can be molded as an integral part of the 5050 clamp. Also as shown in Figure 46, a 5050 clamp may include an inner face 5054 that cooperates with the outer surface features of the solution line 30 so that the 5050 clamp can comfortably fit around and encompass the Solution 30 line and its external features. Thus, when in place around solution line 30, the clamp Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ 5050 may act to substantially restrain and / or support the solution line portion 30 against unwanted movement or displacement. Referring now to Figure 47, an enlarged view of the example clamp 5050 shown in Figure 46 is shown. As shown in Figure 47, clamp 5050 has been closed around its live hinge 5052 in such a way that it is almost in a ring-shaped assembled configuration. The 5050 clamp may be secured together with one or more coupling features. For example, the 5050 clamp can be snap-fit ​​together with cooperating snap-fit ​​or interference-fit features. Alternatively, mating portions of a 5050 clamp may be mated together with cooperating friction fit features. In some embodiments, glue or adhesive may be used to join the two halves, or a cable clamp-type fastening device may also be used around the outer surface of the clamp. In one example, one side of a 5050 clamp may include a toothed projection that engages with a finger into a receiving structure on the opposite side of the 5050 clamp. Thus, when the two halves are mated together, the characteristics of coupling act as a ratchet to prevent a user from removing the 5050 tie rod from a tight line. Therefore, any identification tags present on the clamp may not easily separate from their intended line (and associated solution bag). Any other suitable mating arrangement that makes it difficult to separate a 5050 clamp from its respective line can also be used to accomplish this goal. In some cases, it may be desirable to allow a user to remove a 5050 clamp (or associated 1100 identification tag), in which case semi-permanent or permanent attachment features are not included in the 5050 clamp construction. an application or adhesive bearing the identification mark for solution line 30 can be used to hold the two halves of the 5050 clamp around the solution line 30. This can allow a user to easily remove the 5050 clamp (or other label identification mark 1100) from solution line 30 by tearing or peeling off the identification mark. As shown in Figures 46 and 47, the clamp 5050 includes a display surface 5056 which in some aspects may be substantially flat to accommodate an identification mark or code when the two clamp halves 5050 are mated together in their configuration. assembled. As shown in the figure, this display surface 5056 can serve as a surface to which an identification mark can be added (eg, with an adhesive or the like). The identification mark can also be molded / etched or painted onto the display surface 5056. In this way, the bracket 5050 can also act as an identification tag 1100. A non-flat display surface (for example , curved) 5056 bearing an identification mark. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ As shown, the display surface 5056 in Figures 46 and 47 would include a seam since the mating portions of the bracket 5050 engage in the central region of the display surface 5056. In alternative embodiments, a bracket 5050 may be configured as such that any seams produced by engaging clamp 5050 around solution line 30 would not potentially cause an interruption to display surface 5056. This may be desirable as it can help ensure that an identifying mark is added to the display surface. not be affected by the seam. In some embodiments, the way in which the two parts of a clip are attached can provide identifying features, obviating the need for an identifying mark. The seam where the two parts of the brace are joined can have predetermined geometric patterns or projections that can be detected by an imager in a cycler. Portions of the mating edges of a 5050 clip may be made to project a greater or lesser amount and / or may have different shapes. Clips that have different stitching patterns can be assigned to specific types of solution bags. Each solution bag can have a unique stitch pattern. If desired, the display surface 5056 of the bracket 5050 can be made seamless, as shown in Figures 48 and 49. As shown, the bracket 5050 is constructed similar to that shown in Figures 46 and 47 and includes a live hinge 5052 that allows the 5050 clamp to fold around the outer surface of a fix line 30. The 5050 clamp can then be secured in place around the fix line 30 through the interaction of one or more fixing features. coupling 5053 on the clamp 5050. In this case, the display surface 5056, intended to carry an identification mark or code, remains a single piece, so that the opening of the clamp does not interrupt the continuity of the code or marking. As best shown in FIG 49, the example embodiment includes mating features 5053 that are cooperating snap-in features. A mating face of the 5050 clamp includes a projection with one or more (in this example, two) locking features. The locking features may be ramped to help guide projection into the receiving engagement feature 5053 on the opposite engagement face of the clamp 5050. In the exemplary embodiment, the locking features are optionally non-releasable. That is, there is a substantially vertical closure at the end of the projection. When snapped onto the receiving mating feature, this vertical latch will bear against an interior wall of the receiving feature making dissociation of the mating features 5053 difficult. In alternative embodiments, the latch may be angled outward from the stop wall of the receptor element, allowing the dissociation of the two components by applying an adequate distraction force on the two q Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi components. The body of the 5050 clamp can optionally include additional mating features that are complementary to the features of a solution line 30, so that it can be installed in only one orientation on the solution line 30. This can ensure that the display surfaces 5056 of a number of ties 5050 in a number of solution lines 30 are oriented substantially along the same plane. Including the cooperative engagement features on the solution line 30 and the clamp 5050 can help to further retain the clamp 5050 in a supporting or clamping position around the solution line 30 as well. In the exemplary embodiment, and as best shown in Fig. 49, the display surface 5056 is formed as a flange-like protrusion or projection extending from the middle of the body of the ring-shaped clamp 5050. The display surface 5056, when bracket 5050 is mounted, a portion of the opposite half of bracket 5050 protrudes such that the mating elements or the counterpart of bracket 5050 abut under display surface 5056. As shown, a support surface 5055 for the protruding portion of the display surface 5056 may be included in the opposite half of the bracket 5050. This support surface 5055 may help prevent the flat arrangement 5056 from being bent. Support surface 5055 may be configured to include a flat surface or plateau that is in a plane substantially parallel to display surface 5056. Alternatively, a series of spacers may be used. When the clamp 5050 is mounted, the support surface 5055 is arranged below the protruding part of the display surface 5056. Another example of a seamless display surface 5056 of a 5050 clamp is shown in Figures 50 and 51. As shown, the 5050 clamp includes a live hinge 5052 that allows the 5050 clamp to fold around the outer surface of a solution line 30. Clamp 5050 can then be secured in place around solution line 30 by the interaction of one or more mating features 5053 on clamp 5050. In the illustrative embodiment of FIGS. 50 and 51, the features Coupling 5053 are press fit features. The bracket 5050 also includes a support surface 5055 that is disposed below the protruding portion of the display surface 5056 when the bracket 5050 is assembled. In some embodiments, a display surface 5056 of a bracket 5050 may include a raised surface or edge that extends along at least a part of its perimeter. This can aid in the placement of an 1103 data matrix, barcode, QR code, or other identifying mark on the 5050 clamp for situations where the identifying mark is an appliqué or adhesive applied to the 5050 clamp. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ As best shown in Figure 51, a 5050 clamp may also include one or more alignment or retention features that allow the clamp to sit properly on a stand or platform in a cycler. For example, a clamp 5050 may include one or more clamp-to-carriage coupling features 5057 that cooperate with one or more complementary coupling features on a carriage. Such features can help retain clamp 5050 and associated solution line 30 on a cart. Additionally, such features 5057 can help ensure that the clamp 5050 and solution line 30 are fully seated and correctly installed on the carriage in the proper orientation. In some embodiments, the clamp-to-carriage attachment feature(s) 5057 may be attached to the carriage in a snap-fit ​​coupling. An audible or tactile click during seating can indicate to the user that the 5050 clamp is properly positioned on the cart. In the exemplary embodiment, the coupling features between the arm and carriage 5057 are represented as cantilevered projections, although other suitable coupling arrangements may be used. For example, the coupling characteristics of the clamp to the 5057 carriage can be friction fit or interference fit. Preferably, the coupling arrangement provides for the releasable coupling of the clamp 5050 to the cart to allow a user to easily remove solution lines 30 from a cart. In some alternative embodiments, one or more fasteners such as a screw may be used to secure portions of a 5050 clamp around solution line 30. In an alternative arrangement, a single piece 5050 clamp may also be used during manufacture. of the tube set. Figure 52 shows a representative longitudinal cross-sectional view of solution line 30, showing clamp 5050 in position around solution line 30. Specifically, clamp 5050 is in place around section of solution line. solution 30 where the septum 30b is located. Placing a 5050 clamp around this region of solution line 30 helps prevent distortion of solution line 30 during manufacturing or sterilization that would otherwise cause misalignment of septum 30b with a cassette spike when attempting a connection between a cassette and solution line 30. Additionally, clamp 5050 can prevent significant flexing or deformation of solution line 30 when subjected to the force of a pick. Thus, the inclusion of a 5050 clamp may increase the ease of leverage through a septum 30b when cycler carriage 146 drives solution lines 30 onto cassette tips 24. Figure 53 depicts one embodiment of Example of a carriage 146 including retention features 1092 configured to accept a solution line on which a clamp is installed. As shown, the platforms or slots 1086 of the carriage 146 shown in Fig. 53 do not include a section ID 1090 as shown. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ in Figures 39 and 40. In this case, the identification mark (eg, a data matrix 103) for the set of components may be included in each clamp. Referring now also to FIG. 54, a detailed view of region BQ of FIG. 53 is shown. The detailed view shown in FIG. 54 depicts an enlarged view of two example latch features 1092 of carriage 146. As shown , retaining features 1092 may be sized to accept reinforcement when a solution line is installed in a slot 1086 of carriage 146. Retaining features 1092 of carriage 146 include support features that serve to support a clamp during nailing of an installed solution line. In this way, retention features 1092 can ensure that the solution line is in a desired or prescribed alignment during puncturing of the solution line. The retention features may comprise clips or clip sections that provide a snap fit between the clamp and the platform or recess within which it is positioned. In specific embodiments, retention features 1092 include at least one support wall or rim that serves as a support feature or member. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figures 53 and 54, a first support wall 5510a and a second support wall 5510b are included for each retaining feature 1092. These support walls 5510a,b are represented as flanges that can interact with a part of a clamp to provide support for the clamp during a spotting operation. For example, each support wall 5510a,b may bear on at least one face of a brace during peaking. Support walls or ridges 5510a,b may also assist in properly positioning the solution line in a slot 1086 during installation of the line in carriage 146. In some embodiments, a clamp may include a slot or slot that is sized to accept a support wall 5510a,b from carriage 146. Using the example clamp embodiment 5050 shown in Figure 51, a rising face 5512 of the clamp 5500 can be supported by the first support wall or flange 5510a when installed on the carriage 146 shown in Figures 53 and 54. For example , the clamp 5050 in Figure 51 includes a hollow portion 5514. The hollow portion 5514 of the clamp 5050 may be dimensioned such that when the clamp 5500 is installed on the retainer or pin 1092, the second support wall 5510b of the Car 146 is captured within the slot. A downstream face 5516 of the bracket 5050 can then be supported by a second support wall or rim 5510b. During the peak of the solution lines installed on the carriage 146, the force will be transmitted from the clamp 5050 to the carriage 146 through the support walls 5510a,b. The interaction of the clamp 5050 and the support walls 5510a,b of the carriage 146 can thus help to constrain the solution line into a desired alignment along the length of the line. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ As shown in Figure 54 are a number of optional carriage-to-clamp coupling features 5518. Such features may be included in a carriage 146 designed to accept a solution line with a 5050 clamp. These 5518 features may cooperate with one or more features included in a 5050 clamp such that the 5050 clamp is snapped into place and retained. into a hold or clip section 1092 of a slot or platform 1086. This can help prevent a solution line from inadvertently deviating from the carriage 146. Preferably, an audible or tactile effect is produced when the clamp engages the features carriage-to-clamp coupling 5518. This can alert the user that the clamp has been fully seated in the retaining or clip section 1092 of a platform or slot 1086. In one embodiment, the carriage-to-clamp coupling features 5518 are projections that protrude into the platform or slot 1086 such that the width of the retaining section or clip 1092 at the location of the features 5518 is reduced to slightly less. than that of the 5050 clamp, which requires some inward deflection of the mating features between the 5057 clamp and carriage before the 5050 clamp can snap into the 1092 clip section. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 54, the carriage-to-clamp coupling features 5518 may be sloped or stepped. A ramped configuration can facilitate the removal of a clamp from the retaining section or clasp 1092 after therapy. The height and slope of the ramp are selected to present a desired degree of resistance when the user is removing a clip from a latch section 1092. The illustrative embodiment of a carriage 146 depicted in FIG. 55. As shown, the example carriage 146 depicted in FIG. 55 includes a number of solution line clips or retaining elements 5520. As shown, an element is included 5520 Solution Line Retainer into the 1088 Solution Line section of each 1086 slot of the 146 Carriage. The 5520 Solution Line Retainers can act as a receiving frame into which a solution line can be placed. . The 5520 Solution Line Retainers help hold a solution line in place in a 1086 slot on the 146 Carriage. Additionally, the 5520 Solution Line Retainers are configured to help prevent a solution line from from inadvertently deviating from the 146 carriage or 1088 solution line section of a 1086 slot. The 5520 solution line retainers are shown as a continuous integral part of each 1088 solution line section, but in alternate embodiments they may be mounted on carriage 146 as individual components. In some embodiments, a retainer from the 5520 solution line can Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ be configured to provide asymmetric resistance to uncoupling of a solution line captured in a 1086 carriage track or slot, such that the force required to dislodge the solution line when a primer is pulled end (for example, an upstream position) is less than a force required to dislodge the solution line if a second end (for example, a downstream position) is pulled. This can help ensure that a solution line is not accidentally or inadvertently dislodged from carriage 146 or from a track during alteration or during therapy. Additionally, this arrangement may allow a user to relatively easily remove a solution line from cart 146 after a therapy has finished by pulling out a first (eg, top one) segment of the line. The direction of pull would generally be at an acute angle to the axis of slot 1086. Generally, a retainer 5520 for a segment of flexible tubing positioned in a track or slot 1086 may comprise a clip having a lower well or channel. in which the tube segment can be placed and a top opening through which the tube segment can be inserted or withdrawn. Inwardly directed projections on Retention Member 5520 near the top of the well help retain the tube segment and prevent it from slipping off the top of Retention Member 5520. The captured portion of the tube segment should be compressed. or the projections slightly spaced apart (eg, laterally), to allow the tube segment to be removed using a predetermined force from the retainer. Instead of having an orientation perpendicular to the tube segment, a first face of the retainer 5520 may be sloped away from a first portion of the tube segment as it enters the retainer 5520. This may have the effect of reducing the Force required to remove the tube segment from retaining member 5520 when the first portion is pulled. Thus, a user can easily remove the tube segment from the retaining member 5520 by grasping the first portion of the tube segment, whereas a greater force is needed to remove the tube segment if the force is directed to the second portion of the tube segment. tube segment on the other side of the retention member 5520. Preferably, in a peritoneal dialysis cycler with an autoconnect apparatus, the second portion of the tube segment receives the cassette augments, while the first portion of the tube segment leads to solution bags (for example, it is upstream of retention member 5520.) Referring now also to FIG 56, a detailed view of region BS of FIG. 55 is shown. The detailed view shown in FIG. 56 depicts an enlarged view of an example of retaining line retainer 5520 included in FIG. carriage 146. As shown, solution line retainer 5520 projects from the walls of solution line section 1088 inward toward slot 1086. In this example, solution line retainer solution line 5520 is U-shaped. When a solution line is clipped q Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi and retained by the solution line retaining element 5520, the solution line is on a platform portion 524 of the element 5520. As shown, the distance between the side walls 5526 of the solution line retainer 5520 narrows as the side walls 5526 extend toward the top face 5522 of the carriage 146. The distance between the side walls 5526 can be less than the diameter of a solution line at or near the top face 5522 of the carriage 146. Alternatively, the side walls 5526 may include a stage that achieves a similar effect. When a solution line is attached to a solution line retainer 5520, the user may be required to apply sufficient force to deform a solution line to fit between the side walls 5526 on top of the solution line. solution line retainer 5520. The degree to which the sidewalls 5526 protrude from the line determines the amount of force required to dislodge the line from the retainer 5520. As shown in Figure 56, a guide feature, contour, or ramp may be included on the downstream or upstream face of a 5520 solution line retainer. In the example embodiment, a guide feature on the upstream face of solution line retainer 5520. A guide feature may serve to allow the solution line to be easily removed. Such a guide feature can also facilitate the installation of a solution line into a 5520 solution line clip or retention feature. In the example embodiment shown in Figure 56, the guide feature is shown as a chamfer or ramp on each sidewall 5526. In other embodiments, a guide feature may be, for example, a fillet, a rounded edge, a funnel feature, or other contour that is included in each 5526 sidewall. In some embodiments, a physical interferer in the cycler may contact a solution line 30, its connector, its cap, or an associated clamp if it is not properly seated in the carriage 146 when the door 141 is closed. Once contacted, this physical interference element can block the path of travel of the solution line 30 when the door 141 continues to be closed by the user. This physical interference element can be arranged, for example, on a part of the cycler against which the door is closed, or exit from it. In one embodiment, the jamming element may be positioned so that the improperly seated solution lines 30 can be pressed into a properly seated position while the user continues to pivot the door 141 toward the closed position. The physical interference element may, for example, allow only a small amount of clearance between itself and the properly seated solution lines 30 or cart 146 when door 141 is closed. In some embodiments, when gate 141 is in Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ closed position, the physical interferer may contact and / or compress a portion of a solution line 30, its connector, its cap, or an attached clamp even if the solution line 30 is properly seated in the carriage 146. This can provide additional assurance that the solution line is properly seated in the carriage 146. It will also prevent the user from being able to fully close the cycler door 141 if a solution line 30 cannot be pressed in a seated position on carriage 146. Figure 57 depicts a close cross-sectional illustration of a portion of a cycler including a carriage 146 and other components that can be actuated to remove caps (31) from solution lines (30), recognize an indicator for each line. (30) and fluidly engaging the lines 30 with a respective tip in an installed cassette. The door 141 of the cycler is shown in the closed position. As shown, a solution line 30 is in place on carriage 146 of Figure 57. Solution line 30 in the exemplary embodiment includes a solution line cap 31 that is installed over connector end 30a of solution line 30. An identification tag 1100 is shown in position around a portion of solution line 30 and a camera 1104 is positioned to mimic identification tag 1100. In this example, solution line cap 31 is in contact with (and optionally compressed by) a portion of window 1108 which in Figure 57 serves as a physical interference element. In one embodiment, solution line cap 31 is made of an elastomeric material (such as silicone) that is compressible and soft enough to avoid damaging the interference element (in this case a portion of window 1108). With such an arrangement, the act of closing cycler door 141 can ensure that a solution line 30 is pressed into a properly seated position on carriage 146. To avoid damaging the interfering element, the solution line cap 31 is preferably the first portion of the solution line 30 to come into contact or the main point of contact for the physical interferer. If window 1108 is to provide physical interference when closing door 141, the first or primary point of contact between window 1108 and solution line 30 is preferably toward the edge of window 1108 or another on the peripheries or outside of the window. field of view of the camera 1104 behind the window. This can minimize any potential for window 1108 to wear or drag in an area that would obscure the camera's view 1104 of an identification tag 1100. To further minimize any potential for damage to window 1108, the interference contact point may optionally be chamfered 5560. This chamfered feature 5560 can help prevent damage to the window when an improperly seated solution line 30 is forced into a position properly seated when door 141 is o Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi closed. Chamfered feature 5560 can also help prevent a solution line 30 from snagging or catching on window 1108 and causing damage to window 1108. As shown, window 1108 frame 5562 can also optionally include a chamfer 5564 the face of which is oriented substantially parallel to that of chamfered feature 5560 on window 1108. Chamfer 5564 can similarly help prevent snagging or catching of a solution line 30 and can also help prevent damage to window 1108. In alternate embodiments, chamfered feature 5560 and / or chamfer 5564 may be replaced with a rounded feature. Figure 58 shows a perspective view of a carriage driver assembly 132 in a first mode that functions to move carriage 146 to remove caps from pins 160 on the cassette, remove caps 31 on solution lines 30 and connect lines 30 to pins 160. A drive element 133 is arranged to move from left to right along rods 134. In this illustrative embodiment, an air bladder powers movement of drive element 133 along rods 134. , but any suitable drive mechanism may be used, including motors, hydraulics, etc. Drive element 133 has forwardly extending tabs 135 that engage corresponding slots 146a on carriage 146 (see Figure 38, which shows an upper slot 146a on carriage 146). The engagement of tabs 135 with slots 146a allows driver 133 to move carriage 146 along guides 130. Driver 133 also includes a window 136, through which an imaging device, such as a CCD or CMOS imager, can capture image information of the indicators in indicator regions 33 on lines 30 mounted to carriage 146. Image information regarding the indicators in indicator regions 33 can be provided from the imaging device to the control system 16, which can obtain clues, for example, by image analysis. Drive element 133 can selectively move cap spreader 149 both left and right along rods 134. Cap spreader 149 extends back and forth using a suitable drive mechanism, such as a pneumatic bladder. . Figure 59 shows a left side perspective view of carriage driver assembly 132, showing more clearly how a cap separator spacer element 149 is arranged to move in and out (a direction generally perpendicular to rods 134). along rods 149a in the housing of the cap spacer 149. Each of the semicircular cutouts of the spacer element can engage a corresponding slot of a cap 31 in a line 30 by extending forward when the cap 31 is properly positioned in front of the separator 149 by the drive element 133 and carriage 146. With the separator element engaged with the caps 31, the cap separator 149 can be moved with the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ carriage 146 as driver 133 moves. Figure 60 shows a partial rear view of the carriage driver assembly 132. In this embodiment, the driver element 133 is moved toward the cassette 24 mounting location 145 by a first air bladder 137 that expands to force the driver element. 133 to move to the right in Figure 60. The drive element can be moved to the left by a second air bladder 138. Alternatively, the drive element 133 can be moved back and forth by means of one or more motors coupled to a linear drive gear assembly, such as a ball screw assembly (in which the carriage drive assembly is attached to a ball nut), or a rack and pinion assembly, for example. The separator element 1491 of the cap separator 149 can be moved in and out of the cap separator housing by a third bladder, or alternatively, by a motor coupled to a linear drive assembly, as described above. Figures 61 through 63B show another embodiment of a carriage driver 132 and cap separator 149 assembly. As can be seen in the rear view of the carriage driver assembly 132 of Figure 61, in this embodiment the driver element 133 is moved to the right and left by a screw drive mechanism 1321. As can be seen in the right rear perspective view of the carriage drive assembly 132 of Figure 62, the separator element is moved in and out by an air bladder. 139, although other arrangements are possible as described above. Figures 63A and 63B show left and right front perspective views of another embodiment for spacer element 1491 of lid spacer 149. Spacer element 1491 in the embodiment shown in Figure 59 included only forked elements arranged to engage with a cover 31 of a solution line 30. In Figure 63A and 63B, the spacer element 1491 not only includes the forked elements 60, but also rocker arms 61 that are pivotally mounted to the spacer element 1491. As will be explained in more detail below, the rocker arms 61 assist in removing the pin caps 63 from the cassette 24. Each of the rocker arms 61 includes a solution line cap engaging portion 61a and a pin cap engaging portion 61b. . The rocker arms 61 are normally biased to move so that the pin cap engaging portions 61b are located near the spacer element 1491, as shown at the rocker arms 61 in Figure 63B. However, when the cap 31 is received by a corresponding forked member 60, the solution line cap engaging portion 61a contacts the cap 31, which causes the rocker arm 61 to pivot so that the dowel cap engaging portion 61b is moved away from the spacer element 1491, as shown in Figure 63A. This position allows the dowel cap engaging portion 61b to contact a dowel cap. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 100 dowel 63, specifically a tab on the dowel 63 cap. Figure 64 shows a front view of spacer element 1491 and the location of various cross-sectional views shown in Figures 65 through 67. Figure 65 shows rocker arm 61 without spigot cap 63 or solution line cap 31 located nearby of the spacer element 1491. The rocker arm 61 is pivotally mounted to the spacer element 1491 at a point approximately midway between the dowel cap engaging portion 61b and the solution cap engaging portion 61a. As mentioned before, the rocker arm 61 is normally biased to rotate in a counterclockwise direction as shown in Figure 65, so that the pin cap engaging portion 61b is positioned close to the spacer element 1491. Figure 66 shows that rocker arm 61 maintains this position (i.e., with dowel cap engaging portion 61b located close to spacer element 1491) even when spacer element 1491 advances toward a dowel cap 63 in the absence of a solution line cap 31 that mates with the forked element 60. As a result, the rocker arm 61 will not rotate clockwise or engage the spigot cap 63 unless a solution line cap solution 31 is present. Therefore, a spigot cap 63 that does not engage with a solution line cap 31 will not be removed from cassette 24. Fig. 67 shows an example in which a solution line cap 31 is engaged with the forked member 60 and makes contact with the solution line cap engaging portion 61a of the rocker arm 61. This causes the solution line cap engaging portion 61a of the swing arm 61. the swing arm 61 rotates in a clockwise direction (as shown in the Figure), and the dowel cap engaging portion 61b engages with the dowel cap 63. In this mode, the engaging dowel portion 61b includes locating portion 61b adjacent to a second tab 63a on spigot cap 63 so that when spacer element 1491 is moved to the right (as shown in Figure 67), spigot cap engaging portion 61b will contact with the second tab 63a and assists in pulling the spigot cap 63 off the corresponding spigot 160. Note that the solution line cap 31 is made of a flexible material, such as silicone rubber, to allow a beard 63c of the spigot cap 63 stretches out the hole 31b of the cap 31 (see Figure 71) and is captured by an internal groove or circumferential depression within the cap 31. A first tab 63b on the spigot cap 63 acts as a stop for the end of solution line cap 31. In another example, spigot cap 63 does not include a first flange 63b. The walls defining the slot or depression in the hole 31b of the cap 31 may be symmetrically or preferably asymmetrically arranged to conform to the shape of the barb 63c. (See Figure 84 for a cross-sectional view of the cap 31 and the slot or depression.) The second tab 63a on the dowel cap 63 acts as a tooth with which the dowel cap engaging portion 61b of the arm Rocker 61 engages to provide additional pulling force to disengage shank cap 63 Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 101 from the 160 dowel, if necessary. Figure 68 and Figure 69 show two different perspective views of another embodiment for spacer element 1491 of cap spacer 149. Spacer element 1491 in the embodiment shown in Figure 59 uses fork-shaped elements 60 arranged to engage with a cap 31 of a solution line 30. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 68, the separator element 1491 not only includes the forked elements 60, but also includes a plurality of detection elements 1112 and a plurality of of rocker arms 1114. The sensing elements 1112 and rocker arms 1114 may be arranged in two parallel columns running vertically across the spacer element 1491. In one embodiment, each vertical column may contain five individual sensing elements 1112 and rocker arms 1114, each one positioned to generally align in a row corresponding to each of the forked elements 60. Each sensing element 1112 may be mechanically connected or linked to one of the corresponding wobble arms 1114. Additionally, the assembly comprising each element The sensing element 1112 and rocker arm 1114 may include a bias spring (not shown) that holds each rocker arm 1114 biased toward a non-latching position and the sensing element 1112 in a position to be contacted and moved by the presence of a solution line cap 31 on the forked element 60. Each sensing element 1112 can be displaced and tilted toward the rear of the spacer element 1491 by contact with a corresponding solution line cap 31 on the forked element. fork shape 60. Through the mechanical connection between the sensing element 1112 and the rocker arm 1114, the rocker arm 1114 can pivot or laterally tilt toward the spigot cap 63 upon contact between the line cap solution 31 and sensing element 1112. As rocker arm 1114 rotates or tilts toward spigot cap 63, it can engage second tab 63a on spigot cap 63, allowing the spacer assembly to remove the spigot cap 63 of its corresponding spike. Figures 70A through 70C illustrate the relationship between sensing element 1112 and a solution line cap 31, and between rocker arm 1114 and spigot cap 63. Figure 70C shows sensing element 1112 and arm wobble 1114 in the absence of a spigot cap 63 and solution line cap 31. As shown in Fig. 70B, an outer flange 31c of solution line cap 31 has a diameter large enough to make contact with sensing element 1112. As shown in Fig. 70A, in the absence of a solution line cap 31, the mere presence of spigot cap 63 does not contact sensing element 1112 enough to displace it and cause rotate away from spigot cap 63. As shown in Fig. 70B, displacement of sensing element 1112 causes rocker arm 1114 to rotate or tilt toward spigot cap 63, ultimately to the point of Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 102 be positioned adjacent to flange 63a of spigot cap 63. As shown in Fig. 70A, when rocker arm 1114 is in a non-deployed position, it can clear the outer circumference of second flange 63a of spigot cap 63 a predetermined amount (for example, 0.10 cm). Upon movement of the rocker arm 1114 into a deployed position, its travel scale can be configured to provide a slight compression force against its corresponding pin cap 63 to ensure secure engagement. Once a rocker arm 1114 is positioned adjacent to tab 63a of spigot cap 63, movement of spacer element 1491 to the right side will engage spigot cap 63 via tab 63a and assist in pulling the spigot cap 63 from its corresponding spigot 160. In the absence of a solution line and its related solution line cap 31, spacer element 1491 will not remove the corresponding spigot cap 63, keeping its related spigot 160 sealed. Thus, less than the maximum number of pins of the cassette 161 can be accessed when less than the maximum number of solution lines must be used. Figure 71 shows an exploded close-up view of the connecting end 30a of a solution line 30 with the cap 31 removed. In Figure 71, the covers 31 are shown without a finger pull ring like that shown in Figure 72 for the sake of clarity. A pull ring need not be present for operation of cap 31 with cycler 14. It may be useful, however, to allow an operator to manually remove cap 31 from the terminal end of solution line 30, if necessary. . In this illustrative embodiment, the indicator in indicator region 33 has an annular shape that is sized and configured to fit within a corresponding slot in carriage 146 when mounted as shown in Figures 37 and 38. Of course, the indicator may take any suitable form. The cap 31 is arranged to fit over the distal end of the connector end 30a, which has an internal bore, seals, and / or other features to allow a leak-free connection with a spike 160 in a cassette 24. The connector end 30a may include a pierceable wall or septum (not shown - see Figure 84, item 30b) that prevents leakage of solution in line 30 from the end of connector 30a, even if cap 31 is removed. The wall or septum may be pierced by spike 160 when connecting end 30a is attached to cassette 24, allowing flow of line 30 to cassette 24. As described above, cap 31 may include a slot 31a that is engaged by a forked element 60 of the cap spacer 149. The cap 31 may also include a hole 31b which is arranged to receive a pin cap 63. The hole 31b and cap 31 may be arranged so that, with the cap separator 149 engaged with the slot 31a and the dowel cap 63 of a dowel 160 received in the hole 31b, the cap 31 can hold the dowel cap 63 properly so that when the carriage 146 / cap separator 149 pulls the cap 31 away from cassette 24, spigot cap 63 is removed from spigot 160 and is carried by cap Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 103 31. This removal can be aided by rocker arm 61 engaging second tab 63a or other feature on spigot cap 63, as described above. Subsequently, the cap 31 and spigot cap 63 can be removed from the connecting end 30a and the line 30 fixed to the spigot 160 by carriage 146. Solution Line Connect Heater In one embodiment a plug heater may be provided near the indicator region 33 of the solution lines 30. The plug heater can control the temperature of the plug end 30a and in particular the pierceable wall or septum 30b to limit the force of carriage required to attach the solution lines to the spikes 160 on the cassette 24. There may be sufficient variation in ambient temperature to affect the hardness of the wall or pierceable septum 30b at the end of the connector 30a of the solution line, thereby which in turn may affect the performance of carriage 146 as it joins spigot 160 to the end of connector 30a of solution line 30. For example, at low ambient temperatures, the increased hardness of drillable wall or septum 30b may require a greater force for the spike 160 to penetrate it. On the other hand, at higher ambient temperatures, the pierceable wall or septum may be so soft as to deform rather than separate when it contacts the post 160. The temperature of the ends of the connect 30a can be controlled in many ways, which may include placing a heating element in an appropriate location (for example, at or near location 2807 above door 141), installing a temperature detector to monitor the temperature of the ends of the connect 30a and use a controller to receive temperature data and modulate the operation of the heating element. The temperature can be measured by means of a temperature sensing element mounted on the spacer element 1491 or on the carriage 146. Alternatively, the temperature of the end of the connector 30a can be determined using an infrared (IR) detector set to measure the temperature of end surface of connect 30a. The controller may be a software process on the automation computer 300. Alternatively, the controller may be implemented on the hardware interface 310. The controller may modulate the power sent to a resistance heater, for example, in one of many ways. . For example, the controller can send a PWM signal to a MOSFET that can modulate the flow of electrical power to the resistance heater. The controller can control the measured temperature to the desired temperature through many algorithms. An exemplary algorithm includes a proportional-integral (PI) feedback loop on the measured temperature to set the power of the heater. Alternatively, heater power can be modulated in an open-loop algorithm that sets heater power based on temperature Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 104 environment measure. In another embodiment, the temperature of connector end 30a can be controlled by mounting a radiant heater to door 141 at location 2807, for example, and pointing it toward the connector ends. Alternatively, the temperature of the connector ends can be controlled by mounting a thermoelectric element at location 2807, for example, above door 141. The thermoelectric element can provide either heating or cooling to the area surrounding the ends. of the connector when mounted on the carriage 146. The radiant heater or thermo-electric element can be modulated by means of a controller to maintain the temperature within a given range. The preferred temperature range for the connector end 30a depends on the material comprising the pierceable wall or septum, and can be determined empirically. In one embodiment, the pierceable wall is PVC and the preferred temperature range is set at about 10°C to 30°C, or more preferably at a temperature range of about 20° to 30°C. In one embodiment, the connector heater near the indicator region 33 can be used after the door is closed and before solution lines 30 are attached to cassette 24. The automation computer 300 or a controller enables the connector heater if the temperature measured near the connector 30a is outside of a preferred range. The Automation Computer 300 or a controller can delay the auto-connection process until the measured temperature is within the preferred range. The connector heater can be disabled after the auto-connection process is complete. Load v Operation of the Set Once treatment is complete, or line 30 and / or cassette 24 are ready to be removed from cycler 14, cap 31 and attached spike cap 63 can be re-mounted on spike 160 and line 30. before door 141 is allowed to open and cassette 24 and line 30 are removed from cycler 14. Alternatively, cassette 24 and solution containers with lines 30 can be removed in cycler block 14 without reassembling the cap 31 and attached spigot cap 63. An advantage of this approach includes a simplified removal process, and any potential fluid leakage into the cycler or surrounding area from improper reassembly or inadequate sealing of the caps is avoided. Figures 72 to 80 show a perspective view of carriage 146, cap separator 149, and cassette 24 during an automatic line assembly and connection operation. Gate 141 and other components of the cycler are not shown for clarity. In Figure 72, carriage 146 is shown in a folded position, as if door 141 were opened in the position shown in Figure 8. Lines 30 and cassette 24 are located to be lowered in door 141. In Figure 73, the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ Lines 30 are loaded onto carriage 146 and cassette 24 is loaded into mounting location 145. At this point, door 141 can be closed to prepare the cycler for operation. In Figure 74, door 141 is closed. Identifiers or flags located in the flag region 33 on lines 30 can be read to identify various line characteristics so that cycler 14 can determine which solutions, how much solution, etc., are loaded. In Figure 75, carriage 146 has moved to the left, engaging caps 31 on lines 30 with corresponding pin caps 63 on cassette 24. During movement, drive element 133 engages cap separator 149 and moves cap separator 149 on the left as well. However, the cap separator 149 remains in a retracted position. In Fig. 76, the cap spacer 149 moves forward to engage the forked members 60 with the caps 31, thus engaging the caps 31 that have been attached to the pin caps 63. If present, the arms Rockers 61 can be moved into an engaging position relative to dowel caps 63. Next, as shown in Figure 77, carriage 146 and cap separator 149 move to the right, away from cassette 24. to pull the caps 31 and dowel caps 63 from the corresponding dowels 160 on the cassette 24. It is during this movement that the rocker arms 61, if present, can assist in pulling the dowel caps 63 off the cassette 24. In the figure 78, the cap separator 149 has stopped its movement to the right, while the carriage 146 continues to move away from the cassette 24. This causes the connector ends 30a of the lines 30 to be pulled from the caps 31, leaving the caps 31 and dowel caps 63 mounted to cap separator 149 by means of forked members 60. In Figure 79, cap separator 149 is retracted, clearing a path for carriage 146 to move back toward the cassette. 24. In Figure 80, carriage 146 is moved toward cassette 24 to engage connector ends 30a of lines 30 with corresponding pins 160 of cassette 24. Carriage 146 can remain in this position during cycler operation. Once treatment is complete, the movements shown in Figures 72 to 80 can be reversed to recap spikes 160 and solution lines 30 and remove cassette 24 and / or lines 30 from cycler 14. The cycler can be configured to verify that all caps 31 have been removed from cap separator 149 before any attempt is made to start a new therapy using the cycler. In one embodiment, this can be done before a new cassette and set of dilution lines have been installed in the cycler, either at the end of a therapy or during the start-up period preceding a new therapy. Alternatively or additionally, a residual cap detection procedure may be carried out after installation of a new cassette line and solution assembly, but preferably before cassette tip caps have been applied with solution line caps. Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ 106 The lid detection system comprises a sensor for sensing the position of the lid spacer with respect to a plane in which an installed cassette and a set of one or more solution lines reside when mounted in the cycler. Movement of the lid separator forward or backward (ie, toward or away from the plane) can be monitored by a cycler controller using a position sensor (eg, Hall sensor). If a solution line cap / tip cap has not been removed from the cap separator by the user, its presence will interfere with movement of the cap separator in-plane to a predetermined position corresponding to full deployment of the cap separator. The presence of a cap on the cap spacer, which interferes with full deployment of the cap spacer toward the plane, may cause the controller to alert the user. If one or more solution lines have been mounted on the cycler, the interference will likely be between the remaining one or more caps of the cap separator and the one or more solution line caps. If no solution lines have been mounted on the cycler, the controller can command the lid separator to move laterally in a direction parallel to the plane to a point where a raised feature of the carriage (for example, the 5510a or 5510b walls ) with any cap remaining in the cap separator during an orderly movement of the cap separator toward the plane. In one embodiment, the position sensors for the lid stripper 149 are configured to detect the extension of forward deployment of the lid stripper extractor toward the carriage when the door 141 is closed. When door 141 is closed (FIG. 74) and prior to any lateral movement of carriage 146, the cycler controller initiates a forward deployment of lid spacer 149. The position of lid spacer 149 may be controlled by one or more sensors. of displacement or by a camera directed to the appropriate place. For example, one or more Hall effect sensors can be configured to detect a magnet embedded in or attached to cap spacer 149. If one or more caps 31 from a previous assembly operation remain in cap spacer 149, the excess cap 31 will be pushed against a newly installed solution line and cap 31 on carriage 146, preventing cap separator 149 from moving to a fully deployed position. If no new cassette line assembly or solution has been installed, the cycling controller can direct the movement of the carriage 146 laterally to a predetermined location that causes one or more features of the carriage 146 to act as a jammer against a lid. cap spacer 149, but which allows the cap spacer 149 to fully deploy if it does not maintain a residual cap 31. In some embodiments, the cap spacer 149 may be required to be moved beyond a position of default threshold so that the automatic connection process can continue. The predetermined threshold position can be chosen such that it is sufficiently beyond the point that deployment of the lid separator 149 is prevented if a surplus lid 31 is present. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ 107 The Hall effect sensor can be installed in a location that is shielded, separated, partitioned, or fluidically isolated from the cap spacer 149 while still being capable of sensing a magnet in the cap spacer 149. If the cap separator 149 is deployed by means of an unreliable bladder, the bladder may optionally not be inflated to full pressure when checking for excess caps 31. Instead, one inflation pressure is sufficient to cause the cap separator to fail. 149 will move toward the carriage 146, but less than a pressure necessary to actually engage a solution line cap installed on the carriage. This pressure can be, for example, a predetermined pressure; or it may be variable, reaching a level necessary to move the lid spacer 149. In such modes, once the position sensor detects movement, the controller may stop inflating the bladder or limit inflation pressure. In some embodiments, the controller may require the lid spacer 149 to deploy a predetermined amount before the bladder inflation pressure is limited. In embodiments where a mechanism other than an unreliable bladder is used to move the lid spreader 149, other devices may be introduced to limit the force applied by the deployment mechanism during this pre-therapy lid detection test. For example, a torque or pressure sensor or strain gauge may be connected to a gear or motor assembly to return similar information to the controller to limit the force applied by the assembly. Other position sensors may be used, including, for example, an optical sensor, a contact sensor (eg, a microswitch), a range sensor, etc. In other embodiments, the cycler may use sensor elements 1112 (see, for example, Fig. 68) to determine whether caps 31 are present in cap separator 149. A camera may be used to identify a feature of a cap 31 in the lid separator 149, such as its shape, color, opacity, light absorption or reflection characteristics, etc. Figure 81 represents a flowchart detailing a series of example steps that can be used to detect the presence of used caps 31 in a cap separator 149. The steps shown in Figure 81 detect the presence of excess caps. 31 when using the cap separator 149 and monitoring its displacement. Additionally, the flowchart shown in Figure 81 checks for the presence of caps 31 in the cap separator 149 after an assembly has been installed in the cycler. The assay can be performed before and / or after a cassette and solution lines have been installed. As shown, at step 5070, a user can place solution lines in cart 146 and close the cycler door. At step 5072, the cycler may register that the cycler door has been closed. After the cycler registers that the door has been closed, the o Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi The cycler 108 may deploy the lid separator 149 toward the carriage 146 at step 5074. The procedure can be performed prior to the installation of a new cassette and solution line kit. In such an embodiment, steps 5070 and 5072 may not be performed. Instead, a step in which carriage 149 moves laterally to a predetermined position may be performed. The predetermined position can be selected such that the carriage 149 acts as an interference element for the cap spacer 149 of the cap bearing. The cycler can then check whether the lid separator 149 is capable of moving beyond a predetermined threshold position. In the event that the cap separator 149 cannot be moved beyond the predetermined position, a user may be notified of the presence of caps 31 left on the cap separator 149 in step 5076. If the cap separator 149 is capable of moving beyond the predetermined threshold, a cycler may proceed to subsequent steps of a solution line connection process at step 5078. In this step, the cycler may connect, for example, the cassette spike caps to the solution line caps installed on cart. Figure 82 shows an example screen 5590 that can be generated for display in a cycler user interface via a cycler processor. Example screen 5590 shown in Figure 82, may for example be displayed at step 5076 of Figure 81. As shown, example screen 5590 informs the user that solution line caps are present in the cap separator of the cycler. The 5590 display also includes instructions on how to remove solution line caps from the cap separator. In the example mode, the instructions are text instructions, although in other modes, the instructions may include any combination of text, graphics, and / or animations. The instructions are divided into a series of steps that may be associated with the 5592 user-selectable buttons on the user interface. For example, the user interface of the cycler may be a touch screen. A user can tap, tap, double-tap, etc. one of the 5592 selectable buttons on the 5590 display for more detailed instructions on how to perform the associated step. For example, when the cycler's processor detects that a user has interacted with one of the 5592 buttons, the processor may generate a message for display on the 5590 display with additional details or may display a new screen with additional information. Alternatively, when the cycler's processor detects that a user has interacted with one of the 5592 buttons, the processor may generate another screen for display that provides additional details. The display 5590 also includes a next button 5594. A user can interact with the next button 5594 to inform the cycler processor that the residual lids have been removed from the lid separator. In some modalities, the cycler can recheck the caps to verify that they have been removed from the cap separator. Optionally, the Q LQCnn / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ The next button can be disabled until the cycler processor detects that the cycler door has opened and closed. Figure 83 shows an example screen 5600 that can be generated for display in a cycler user interface via a cycler processor. The example screen 5600 shown in Figure 83 may be displayed, for example, in response to a user interacting with the button 5592 labeled Remove and Discard Solution Line Caps in Figure 82. The example screen 5600 includes text that describes how the user can complete the step. Additionally, example display 5600 includes a graphic 5602 of a cycler 14. Graphic 5602 may indicate to the user where the solution line cap 31 or caps 31 are. In some embodiments, display 5600 may optionally include an animation that demonstrates to the user how to remove the caps from the solution line 31. To better illustrate the removal of caps 31 and spigot caps 63, Figure 84 shows a cross-sectional view of cassette 24 at five different stages of line connection 30. On top spigot 160, spigot cap 63 is still in place on pin 160 and solution line 30 is located away from cassette 24, as in Figure 74. On second pin 160 below the top, solution line 30 and cap 31 are hooked over the cap 63, as in Figures 75 and 76. At this point, cap separator 149 can engage cap 31 and pin cap 63. On the third pin 160 from the top, solution line 30, cap 31, and Dowel cap 63 have moved away from cassette 24, as in Figure 77. At this point, cap separator 149 can stop moving to the right. On the fourth pin 160 from the top, solution line 30 continues to move to the right, removing cap 31 from line 30, as in Figure 78. Once caps 31 and 63 are retracted, solution line 30 is moved to the left to fluidly connect connector end 30a of line 30 to pin 160, as in Figure 80. Various detectors can be used to help verify that carriage 146 and cap separator 149 move fully into their expected positions. In one embodiment, the carriage driver assembly 132 may be equipped with six Hall effect detectors (not shown): four for carriage 146 and two for cap separator 149. A first cap separator detector may be located to detect when the cap separator 149 is fully extended. A second cap separator detector may be located to detect when the cap separator 149 is fully extended. A first carriage detector may be located to detect when carriage 146 is in the home position, ie, in position to allow cassette 24 and lines 30 to be loaded. A second carriage detector may be located to detect when carriage 146 is in position to engage the dowel caps 63. A third carriage detector may be located to detect when carriage 146 has reached q Locnn / Lznz / E / YiAi 110 a position to remove the caps 31 of the lines 30. A fourth carriage detector may be located to detect when the carriage 146 has moved into a position to engage the ends of the connector 30a of the lines 30 with the corresponding pins 160 of the cassette 24. In other embodiments, a single detector may be used to detect more than one of the carriage positions described above. The cap stripper and carriage detectors may provide input signals to an electronic control board (autoconnection board), which in turn may communicate specific error or confirmation codes to the user via the user interface 144. Figure 69 shows a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the carriage driver assembly 132. The carriage driver assembly 132 in the embodiment shown in Figure 58 included only the driver element 133, rods 134, tabs 135, and window 136. In Figure 69, carriage driver assembly 132 not only includes driver assembly 133, rods 134, tabs 135, and window 136, but may also include a vertical column of box boxes. 1116 AutoID view boxes. The 1116 view boxes can be placed directly adjacent to the 136 window. Also, the 1116 view boxes can be positioned and configured so that the horizontal axis of each of the five 1086 slots is located in carriage 146 runs through the center of a corresponding view box 1116 as carriage 146 moves either left or right along guides 130. View boxes 1116 may allow the AutoID camera 1104 to , which is attached to the camera board 1106, detects whether the solution line caps 31 are positioned on the lines 30 prior to engagement of the solution lines with the spigot cap 63. Alternatively, in some embodiments, they may not Individual negatoscopes may be necessary. Instead, window 136 can be enlarged so that caps 31 can be viewed through a single window 136. Checking caps 31 from solution line 30 can allow confirmation that caps 31 have not been removed prematurely by the user. . Once the presence or absence of the caps 31 is determined, the camera 1104 can provide a corresponding input signal to an electronic control board (referred to as the autoconnect board later in the specification), which in turn can communicate specific confirmation or error codes, regarding the presence of the caps 31 on the lines 30 to the user via the user interface 144. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, the carriage drive assembly 132 may include an auto connect board 1118. The auto connect board 1118 may be attached to the top of the carriage drive assembly 132, and may extend to the full length of the carriage. the length of the assembly 132. In this illustrative embodiment, there may also be an LED 1120 mounted to the autoconnection board 1118. The LED 1120 may be located in a fixed position directly above the fork elements 60. Also, the LED 1120 it can be directed in such a way that the light that is emitted from the LED 1120 travels downwards through the spacer element 1491. Q LQCnn / ίΖΠΖ / Β / ΥΙΛΙ 111 In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, the carriage driver assembly 132 may also include a fluid board 1122. The fluid board 1122 may be attached to the bottom of the carriage driver assembly 132, and may also extend the length of the assembly 132. In this illustrative embodiment, there may be a receiver 1124 (not shown) mounted to the fluid board 1122 at a location directly below the LED 1120, which mounts to the autoconnect board 1118. Therefore, the LED 1120 can emit light through the forked elements 60, and if the light is detected by the receiver 1124 then there are no solution line caps 31 on the spacer element 1491, however if the light is interrupted in its way to the receiver 1124 then there may be a cap 31 on the separator element 1491. This combination of LED 1120 and receiver 1124 allows detection of caps 31 that may have been inadvertently left on the separator element 1491 either by the user or by the cycler 14. According to one aspect of the description, the fluid board 1122 may also have the ability to sense moisture, seepage, or any other liquid that may be present within the carriage drive assembly 132, which could potentially cause the cycler failure 14. There may be an advantage to adjusting the force with which carriage 146 engages dowel caps 63, depending on how many lines 30 are being installed. The force required to complete a connection to the cassette 24 increases with the number of caps 31 that must be attached to the pin caps 63. The sensing device for detecting and reading information from the line flags in the flag regions 33 is also can be used to provide the data required to adjust the force applied to the drive element 133. The force can be generated by many devices, including, for example, the first air bladder 137, or a linear actuator such as a motor / drive screw. ball. An electronic control board (such as the autoconnection board) can be programmed to receive input from the line detection detector(s) and send an appropriate control signal to either the motor of a linear actuator, or the pneumatic valve that controls the inflation of the air bla...

Claims

1. A system for adjusting a negative pressure used to remove fluid from a patient cavity, the system comprising: a pump configured to provide the negative pressure to a fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure and control the negative pressure provided by the pump; the controller is also configured to measure a flow rate from the fluid line to the pump; wherein the controller is arranged to control the pump to provide the negative pressure at a magnitude that varies continuously within a predetermined scale of negative pressures as a function of the measured flow rate of the fluid.

2. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that an increase in the magnitude of the negative pressure is proportional to an increase in a measured flow rate of the fluid.

3. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that a decrease in the magnitude of the negative pressure is proportional to a decrease in a magnitude of the measured flow rate of the fluid.

4. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the controller is configured to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure after one pump stroke of the pump.

5. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the controller is configured to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure during the progression of a pump stroke of the pump.

6. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to apply an initial negative pressure value for a predetermined period of time.

7. The system according to claim 6, further characterized in that the initial negative pressure value is set to a minimum negative pressure from the predetermined scale of negative pressures.

8. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the controller is configured to additionally stop the negative pressure settings if the measured fluid flow rate is less than a predetermined threshold flow rate for a predetermined period of time.

9. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to apply a positive pressure to the fluid line if the cumulative volume of the withdrawn fluid is equal to or greater than a target volume.

10. The system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to terminate a draining cycle if a cumulative volume of fluid removed is equal to or greater than a target volume.

11. A system for adjusting a negative pressure used to remove fluid from a patient cavity, the system comprising: a pneumatically actuated diaphragm pump configured to provide negative pressure to a fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure a pressure from a pressure sensor in communication with an actuation chamber of the pump; the controller is configured to control a valve in a pressure distribution manifold to supply negative pneumatic pressure to the actuation chamber; the controller is also configured to determine a measured flow rate of fluid from a fluid line to the pump based on the measured pressure.

12. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that an increase in the magnitude of the negative pressure is proportional to an increase in a measured flow rate magnitude of the fluid.

13. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that a decrease in the magnitude of the negative pressure is proportional to a decrease in a magnitude of the measured flow rate of the fluid.

14. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that the controller is configured to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure after one pump stroke of the pump.

15. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that the controller is configured to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure during the progression of a pump stroke of the pump.

16. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to apply an initial negative pressure value for a predetermined period of time.

17. The system according to claim 16, further characterized in that the initial negative pressure value is set to a minimum negative pressure on the predetermined negative pressure scale. Q LQCnn / Lznz / E / YILI 367 18. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that the controller is configured to stop further adjustments of the negative pressure if the measured flow rate of the fluid is less than a predetermined flow rate threshold for a predetermined period of time.

19. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump during the application of a positive pressure to the fluid line if the cumulative volume of fluid removed during a predetermined drainage period is less than a target volume.

20. The system according to claim 11, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to terminate a drain cycle if the cumulative volume of the fluid removed is equal to or greater than a target volume.

21. A system for adjusting a negative pressure used to remove fluid from a patient cavity, the system comprising: a pneumatically actuated diaphragm pump configured to provide the negative pressure to the fluid line connected to the cavity; a controller configured to measure a chamber control pressure from a pressure sensor in communication with a pump activation chamber, and a chamber reference pressure from a pressure sensor in communication with a reference chamber in valve communication with the pump activation chamber; the controller is configured to control a valve in a pressure distribution manifold to supply negative pneumatic pressure to the activation chamber; the controller is also configured to determine a measured flow rate of the fluid from the fluid line to the pump based on the chamber control pressure and the chamber reference pressure;where the controller is arranged to control the pump to provide negative pressure at a magnitude that varies continuously within a predetermined scale of negative pressures as a function of the measured flow rate of the fluid.

22. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that an increase in the magnitude of the negative pressure is proportional to an increase in a magnitude of the measured flow rate of the fluid.

23. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that a decrease in the magnitude of the negative pressure is proportional to a decrease in the magnitude of the measured flow rate of the fluid 24. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that the controller is configured to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure after Q LQCnn / Lznz / E / YILI 368 a pump stroke of the pump.

25. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that the controller is configured to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure during the progression of a pump stroke of the pump.

26. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to apply an initial negative pressure value for a predetermined period of time.

27. The system according to claim 26, further characterized in that the negative pressure value is set to a minimum negative pressure of the predetermined scale of negative pressures.

28. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that the controller is configured to stop further adjustments of the negative pressure if the measured fluid flow rate is less than a predetermined threshold flow rate for a predetermined period of time 29. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to apply a positive pressure to the fluid line if the cumulative volume of fluid removed during a predetermined drainage period is less than a target volume.

30. The system according to claim 21, further characterized in that the controller is configured to control the pump to terminate a drain cycle if a cumulative volume of the removed fluid is equal to or greater than a target volume.

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