Shooting target launcher

Abstract

A shooting target launcher and associated components and methods. The launcher spins one or more helicopter-like shooting targets to launch the targets. The targets have fan blades that, when rotated, propel the target through the air. The launcher includes a housing and a target connector that receives the shooting target. The target connector rotates about an axis of rotation to rotate the shooting target for launching. A manually-powered prime mover is operatively connected to the target connector and rotates the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 746,413, filed January 17, 2025, to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 836,082, filed June 30, 2025, and to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 874,293, filed September 2, 2025, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference.FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to shooting sports, and more particularly to target launchers for launching or firing shooting targets.BACKGROUND

[0003] Shooting target launchers launch shooting targets, sometimes called clays or clay pigeons, into the air to be shot by a firearm, such as a shotgun. Shooting target launchers that launch clay pigeons are also called throwers (e.g., shooting target throwers, clay throwers, clay pigeon throwers, etc.).SUMMARY

[0004] In one aspect, a shooting target launcher for launching a shooting target comprises a housing and a target connector configured to receive the shooting target. The target connector is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation to rotate the shooting target for launching. A manually-powered prime mover is operatively connected to the target connector and is configured to rotate the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

[0005] Other objects and features of the present disclosure will be in part apparent and in part pointed out herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] FIG. 1 is a perspective of a shooting target launcher according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0007] FIG. 2 is another perspective of the shooting target launcher;

[0008] FIG. 3 is another perspective of a shooting target according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0009] FIG. 4 is another perspective of the shooting target launcher, with portions removed to reveal interior details;

[0010] FIG. 5 is a perspective of a prime mover, a drive train, and a target connector of the shooting target launcher;

[0011] FIG. 6 is another perspective of the prime mover, the drive train, and the target connector;

[0012] FIG. 7 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective of the shooting target launcher;

[0013] FIG. 8 is a perspective of a shooting target connected to the target connector;

[0014] FIG. 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective of FIG. 8;

[0015] FIG. 10 is a cross-section of the target connector with a target retainer in a retaining configuration;

[0016] FIG. 11 is a plan view of the target connector with the target retainer in the retaining configuration;

[0017] FIG. 12 is a cross-section of the target connector with the target retainer in the release configuration; and

[0018] FIG. 13 is a plan view of the target connector with the target retainer in the release configuration.

[0019] Corresponding reference numbers indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a shooting target launcher (e.g., handheld shooting target launcher) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is generally indicated by reference numeral 100. The shooting target launcher (“launcher”) 100 launches shooting targets into the air. The launcher 100 spins the target and then releases the target to allow the target to fly off into the air. As the target flies through the air, a shooter can shoot at the shooting target (e.g., with a shotgun). The launcher may be referred to as a thrower. While described in the context of a handheld shooting target launcher 100, it is understood that features and aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other shooting target launchers or throwers.

[0021] Referring to FIG. 3, a shooting target according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is generally indicated by reference numeral 10. The shooting target (“target”) 10 can be launched or fired into the air with the launcher 100 of the present disclosure. The launcher 100 can be used with other shooting targets (e.g., other shapes / sizes, omitting some features, including other features, and / or having other combinations of features) without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the launcher 100 can be used with shooting targets of other sizes (e.g., 110 mm, 90 mm, etc.). The target 10 includes a central hub 12 (inner-most concentric ring) and a plurality of fan blades 14 extending radially or laterally outward from (broadly, with respect to) the central hub 12. The fan blades 14 are evenly spaced around the central hub. The fan blades 14 propel the target 10 through the air when the target is rotated and launched by the launcher 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the target 10 has six fan blades 14, although more or fewer fan blades can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The central hub 12 defines a central circular opening 16 (broadly, opening) that extends through the hub 12. The central opening 16 receives a portion of the launcher 100 when the target 10 is connected to or mounted on the launcher. The target 10 includes an outer ring 18 (outer-most concentric ring) that connects the outer ends of the fan blades 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the target 10 includes one or more intermediate rings 20 positioned between the central hub 12 and the outer ring 18. The intermediate rings 20 intersect with the fan blades 14 to provide structural support to the target 10. The target has a forward or front face or side 22 and a rearward or rear face or side 24 formed by the hub 12, outer ring 18 and intermediate rings 20. The target 10 is reversible in the sense that it does not matter whether the target is connected to the launcher 100 with the front side 22 facing forward (e.g., in the direction of flight or launching) or the rear side 24 is facing forward. Other types of targets can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0022] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the launcher 100 includes a housing 102, a prime mover 104, and a target connector or hub 106. The housing 102 supports, carries, and / or encloses the other components of the launcher 100. The housing 102 supports the prime mover 104 and the target connector 106. The target connector 106 receives the shooting target 10. In other words, the target 10 connects or mounts to the target connector 106. The prime mover 104 drives rotation of the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR to rotate and launch the target 10. The launcher 100 rotates or spins the target 10, before releasing the target. The fan blades 14 of the target 10 generate lift and propel the target away from the launcher when the target is released. The target flies similar to how a live bird would fly (takes off slowly and then accelerates) and allows hunters to use the targets for more realistic practice for live bird hunting.

[0023] The launcher 100, specifically the housing 102, is sized and shaped to be handheld to be operated by a user to launch targets 10 into the air for shooting practice in a desired direction. Overall, the launcher 100 is compact and lightweight. The housing 102 includes a handle or grip 108 sized and shaped to be gripped by one hand of an operator or user. In the illustrated embodiment, the handle 108 is in the form of pistol grip, although other configurations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The handle 108 is positioned at the rear of the housing 102. The handle is configured to enable a user to wrap their hand around the handle to hold the launcher. The handle has a longitudinal axis extending along a length of the handle. As will become apparent, in the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinal axis is different from a rotational axis of the target connector, is oriented at a non-zero angle (e.g., skew angle) relative to the axis of rotation, and is oriented to facilitate the user opposing movement of the launcher while pulling a pull cord in a rearward / upward direction.

[0024] The front portion (e.g., head) of the housing 102 defines or bounds a target receiving space 110. The target receiving space 110 is sized and shaped to receive the target 10 when the target is received by the target connector 106. The target receiving space 110 has an open front end permitting the target 10 to be inserted into the target receiving space to be connected to the target connector 106 and permitting the target to fly in a forward direction out of the target receiving space when the target is launched by the launcher 100. The head of the housing 102 includes a generally cylindrical wall 112 and a bed or rear wall 114 that bound the target receiving space 110. The cylindrical wall 112 circumferentially bounds the target receiving space 110 and the bed 114 bounds a rear of the target receiving space. In the illustrated embodiment, the interior surface of the wall 112 is cylindrical and the exterior surface of the wall has an octagon shape. In use, the front of the housing is usually oriented to point forward so the target connector faces forward and launches the target forward.

[0025] The housing 102 can be formed from a durable material such as plastic or composite material. The housing 102 can be formed of multiple pieces connected together, such as with fasteners. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 102 includes left and right side portions 102A, 102B and a bowl 102C which generally defines the target receiving space 110. The bowl 102C can be a different material (e.g., metal) than the side portions 102A, 102B (e.g., plastic). The side portions 102A, 102B generally sandwich the bowl 102C therebetween. In one embodiment, the bowl 102C includes one or more openings or recesses 103 (FIG. 1) for receiving portions of the left and right side portions 102A, 102B to help secure the left and right side portions together. In the illustrated embodiment, the bowl 102C includes two openings 103 extending along the bed and side wall of the bowl. The left and right side portions 102A, 102B each include a projection 105 (e.g. elongate, L-shaped, etc.) that is received in one of the openings 103 of the bowl 103C. Each opening 103 receives a projection 105 of the left and right side portions 102A, 102B. Desirably, the projections 105 are flush with or recessed relative to the surfaces of the bowl 102C. The left and right side portions 102A, 102B and the bowl 102C can also be secured together with one or more fasteners. Other configurations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0026] Referring to FIGS. 4-6, the target connector 106 is rotated by the prime mover 104 about an axis of rotation AR to rotate or spin the target 10 about the axis of rotation. The prime mover 104 is a manually-powered prime mover (as opposed to an electrically, pneumatically, or gas powered prime mover (e.g., electric motor)). The manually-powered prime mover 104 receives manual force / input from the operator to launch the target 10. Thus, the launcher 100 of the present disclosure can be considered a manually-powered launcher (as opposed to an electrical or battery powered launcher), converting force exerted by the operator into flight (e.g., rotation) of the target 10. The incorporation of the manually-powered prime mover 104 enables the launcher 100 of the present disclosure to be cheaper to manufacture relative to similar electrically powered launchers. The use of the manually-powered prime mover 104 eliminates the need for batteries, electronics, an electric motor, etc., thereby reducing manufacturing (e.g., material) cost. As used in the specification and claims, manually-powered prime mover means any primary generator of motion whose motion is generated by application of a manual force by a human.

[0027] The manually-powered prime mover 104 comprises a manual mechanical input or drive 118 that receives the manual force or input from the operator to rotate the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR for launching the target 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the manual mechanical input 118 comprises a hand-operated input or drive (hand-operated mechanical input or drive) that receives manual force from a hand of the operator to rotate the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR for launching the target 10. Other types of manual mechanical input can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the manual mechanical input can be foot-operated (e.g., foot pedal arranged to pivot relative to the housing). In the illustrated embodiment, the manual mechanical input 118 includes a disk, wheel, or pulley 120 and a pull cord 122. The pull cord 122 is pulled (broadly, moved) by the hand of the operator. The pull cord 122 includes a cord or tether 124 and a handle (e.g., pull handle) 126 attached to the cord (e.g., one end thereof). The handle 126 (broadly, a manually operated actuator) is sized and shaped to be grasped by a hand of the operator (the other hand of the operator that is not grasping the handle 108 of the housing 102) to pull the cord 124. In the illustrated embodiment, the handle 126 has a generally T-shape, although other configurations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The pull cord 122 (specifically, the cord 124) is connected to the pulley 120. The pulley 120 is rotated by the pull cord 122 when the pull cord is pulled by the hand of the operator. The cord 124 is wrapped around the pulley 120 so that as the operator pulls the pull cord 122, the pulley rotates.

[0028] The launcher 100 includes a return spring (e.g., coiled ribbon spring) 128 biasing the pulley towards an un-pulled state. In the un-pulled state, the cord 124 is wrapped around the pulley 120 and the pull cord 122 is ready to be pulled by the operator. After the operator pulls the pull cord 122 to launch a target 10 and releases the pull cord (e.g., handle 126), the return spring 128 rotates the pulley 120 to rewind the cord 124 to be ready for the next pull (broadly, next launch). The return spring 128 is relatively weak and easily overcome by the operator pulling the pull cord 122. Other types of manual mechanical inputs, such as rack and pinion, lever, crank, chain or belt drive, and / or gear drive, can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0029] Referring to FIG. 7, the launcher 100 can include a fairlead or guide 130 for guiding the pull cord 122 as the pull cord is moved or pulled by the operator. Specifically, the guide 130 guides the pull cord 122 (e.g., cord 124) off of the pulley 120 as the pull cord is pulled by the operator and onto the pulley as the pulley is rotated by the return spring 128. The guide 130 also allows the pull cord 122 to change direction. The pulley 120 rotates about an axis (which can be parallel, perpendicular, or skewed relative to the axis of rotation of the target connector), and the pull cord 122 (specifically, the cord 124) comes off the pulley generally perpendicular to this axis. In the illustrated embodiment, the pulley 120 rotates about the axis of rotation AR of the target connector 106 (the axes of rotation of the pulley and target connector are coincident). The guide 130 allows the cord 124 to turn (e.g., 90-degree turn) in a different direction than perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pulley 120. This allows the pull cord 122 to be pulled in a direction that is more ergonomic for the operator (without having to use another pulley or form a specific routing path). The guide 130 allows or tolerates a large variety of operators (e.g., sizes) and pull directions. For example, the user may pull the cord in a direction upward and rearward relative to the target connector. The housing 102 includes an opening 107 the pull cord 122 extends through. The guide 130 is disposed above the pulley 120, in alignment with the opening 107 of the housing 102.

[0030] In the illustrated embodiment, the guide 130 comprises a first guide portion or rod 132 and a second guide portion or rod 134. Both guide rods 132, 134 are connected to and supported by the housing 102. The first guide rod 132 is oriented such that it is generally perpendicular to the axis of the pulley 120 (e.g., axis of rotation AR) and generally parallel to a plane normal to the axis of the pulley. The first guide rod 132 allows the cord 124 to be bent rearward and more parallel to the axis of the pulley 120. The second guide rod 134 extends generally perpendicular to the first guide rod 132 and generally parallel to the axis of the pulley 120. The second guide rod 134 allows the cord 124 to be bent to the side (e.g., leftward or rightward). The second guide rod 134 is laterally offset relative to the axis of the pulley 120 and overlies the portion (e.g., side portion) of the pulley the cord 124 begins to wrap around. In the illustrated embodiment, the second guide rod 134 overlies a right side portion of the pulley 120. The second guide rod 134 is disposed at a lateral position between the axis of the pulley 120 and the outer-most right side of the pulley. The first and second guide rods 132, 134 cross over one another. Thus the guide defines a point of bending (at the intersection of the first and second guide rods 132, 134) for the cord 124. This point of bending is aligned with the pulley 120 so that the section of the cord 124 extending off the pulley to the point of bending is tangential to the pulley and perpendicular to the axis of the pulley. This ensures the cord 124 comes off the pulley 120 (when the pull cord 122 is being pulled) and wraps onto the pulley (when the pull cord is retracted or let go) smoothly without tangling. The guide rods 132, 134 have smooth external surfaces (cylindrical surfaces) to limit fraying of the cord 124. Other configurations of the guide can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, a ring or circular opening the pull cord extends through could be used.

[0031] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 7, the housing 102 is sized and shaped to be handheld as the prime mover 104 is operated by the operator to rotate the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR for launching the target 10. In other words, the housing 102 (broadly, the launcher 100) is held by the operator while being operated by the operator to launch a target 10. One hand of the operator grasps the handle 108 of the housing 102 to aim the launcher 100 and the other hand of the operator grasps the handle 126 of the pull cord 122 to operate the launcher (e.g., apply manual force by pulling the pull cord 122 via the handle 126 to rotate and launch a target 10). In this manner, the launcher 100 is configured so that both hands of the operator are needed to operate the launcher (e.g., both hands of the operator are in contact with the launcher to launch the one or more targets 10). Because one hand of the operator grasps the handle 108 of the housing 102 and the other hand of the operator grasps the handle 126 of the pull cord 122, both hands of the operator are away from the flight path of the one or more targets 10, for safety.

[0032] The handle 108 of the housing 102 is arranged to promote the operator to hold the launcher 100 at or below the operator’s stomach when the hand grasps the handle 108 to orient the launcher to launch the target 10. This positions the operator’s hand and arm gripping the handle 108 of the housing 102 generally downward, making it more comfortable and easier to resist the pulling (e.g., upward rearward pulling) of the pull cord 122 (broadly, more comfortable and easier to manually operate the prime mover 104). In addition, positioning the launcher 100 in this lower position allows the operator to pull a longer length of the pull cord 122, thereby increasing the speed of rotation of the target connector 106 and the speed at which the target 10 flies away from the launcher 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the handle 108 of the housing 102 extends or slopes downward at a skew angle relative to the axis of rotation AR. Desirably, the handle 108 of the housing 102 extends downward at an angle relative to the axis of rotation AR that is within the inclusive range of about 20-70 degrees, or more desirably about 30-60 degrees, or more desirably about 40-50 degrees, or any range or value within these expressed ranges. For example, in one embodiment, the angle is about 45 degrees. Other ranges and / or values can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0033] Referring back to FIGS. 4-6, the launcher 100 includes a drive train or transmission 136 connecting (e.g., operatively connecting) the prime mover 104 to the target connector 106. Together the prime mover 104, the target connector 106, and the drive train 136 can be referred to as a target driver or rotator. The drive train 136 is supported by and contained within the housing 102. Generally, the drive train 136 transmits movement from the prime mover 104 into rotation of the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR for launcher the target 10. Specifically, the drive train 136 transmits rotation from the prime mover 104 (specifically, the pulley 120) into rotation of the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR for launcher the target 10. The handle is configured to be behind the target connector and drive train and in horizontal registration with the target connector (e.g., with the axis of rotation intersecting the handle) when the drive connector faces forward.

[0034] In the illustrated embodiment, the drive train 136 comprises a gear box (or gear train). The gear box converts a rotational input speed (RPM) from the prime mover 104 into a much higher rotational output speed for the target connector 106. The rotational input speed is multiplied through the gearbox (e.g., gears thereof) so that the rotational output speed for the target connector 106 is at least one order of magnitude faster. In the illustrated embodiment, the drive train 136 includes a plurality of (e.g., three) overdrive gear sets or pairs for increasing the output rotational speed for the target connector 106 from the rotation input speed provided by the prime mover 104. Each overdrive gear set includes a large drive gear 138A-C and a smaller driven gear 140A-C in meshed engagement with the large drive gear. In the illustrated embodiment, all the drive gears 138A-C are identical in size and all the driven gears 140A-C are identical in size, although different sizes and combinations of sizes can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The first overdrive gear set (e.g., gears 138A, 140A) is driven by the prime mover 104, the second overdrive gear set (e.g., gears 138B, 140B) is driven by the first overdrive gear set. The third overdrive gear set (e.g., gears 138C, 140C) is driven by the second overdrive gear set. The target connector 106 is rotated by the third overdrive gear set. In the illustrated embodiment, the gears comprise spur gears, although other types of gears (e.g., bevel gears, planetary gears, and / or combinations thereof) can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0035] The drive train 136 includes an input shaft 141 and an output shaft 142. The input shaft 141 is rotated by the prime mover 104 and the target connector 106 is rotated by the output shaft 142. In the illustrated embodiment, the prime mover 104 is connected to the input shaft 141. The pulley 120 is mounted on the input shaft 141. The pull cord 122 rotates the pulley 120, which rotates the input shaft 141. The first large drive gear 138A is also mounted on the input shaft 141 and rotates with the pulley 120 (broadly, the first large drive gear and the pulley share an axis of rotation and are fixed relative to another such that they rotate together). The first large drive gear 138A is in mesh engagement with and rotates the first small driven gear 140A. The first small driven gear 140A and the second large drive gear 138B are mounted on a first intermediate shaft 143A and rotate together (broadly, the first small driven gear and the second large drive gear share an axis of rotation and are fixed relative to one another such that they rotate together). The second large drive gear 138B is in mesh engagement with and rotates the second small driven gear 140B. The second small driven gear 140B and the third large drive gear 138C are mounted on a second intermediate shaft 143B and rotate together (broadly, the second small driven gear and the third large drive gear share an axis of rotation and are fixed relative to one another such that they rotate together). The third large drive gear 138C is in mesh engagement with and rotates the third small driven gear 140C. The third small driven gear 140 is mounted on the output shaft 142 and rotates which the output shaft. A plurality of bearings 145 support these rotating components (e.g., shafts 141, 142, 143A, 143B) within the interior of the housing 102. The housing 102 includes a plurality of interior supports, partitions, or walls 109 in which the bearings 145 are mounted. Drive trains of other configurations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0036] In one embodiment, the launcher 100 can include a clutch (e.g., a one-way clutch) 139 disposed between the pulley 120 and the input shaft 141 (broadly, between the prime mover 104 and the drive train 136). Other positions of the clutch can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The clutch 139 (FIG. 4) allows the pulley 120 and input shaft 141 (broadly, the prime mover 104 and the target connector 106) to rotate relative to one another in one direction (e.g., allow the input shaft to rotate in a first or counter-clockwise direction relative to the pulley) and prevent relative rotation in the other direction (e.g., prevent the input shaft 141 from rotating in a second or clockwise direction relative to the pulley). For example, the clutch 139 enables the pulley 120 and the input shaft 141 to rotate together when the pull cord 122 is pulled but then allows the input shaft 141 to keep rotating in the same direction (due to rotational momentum) relative to the pulley when the pull cord is no longer being pulled (e.g., when the pulley stops rotating or is rotating in the opposite direction via the return spring 128 to rewind the pull cord and return to the pulley and pull cord to its initial or un-pulled position).

[0037] As mentioned above, the drive train 136 is configured so that the output shaft 142 rotates at a rate of rotation that is faster than the rate of rotation of the input shaft 141. This transforms the relatively slow rotation from the prime mover 104 into the fast rotation to launch the target 10. Desirably, the ratio of the rates of rotation of the input and output shafts 141, 142 is within the inclusive range of about 1:5 (e.g., 1 rotation of the input shaft results in 5 rotations of the output shaft) to about 1:50 (e.g., 1 rotation of the input shaft results in 50 rotations of the output shaft), or more desirably about 1:5 to about 1:35, or more desirably about 1:10 to about 1:20, or any range or value within these expressed ranges. For example, in one embodiment, the ratio can be about 1:16 or about 1:28. Other ranges and / or values can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0038] The target connector 106 rotates about the axis of rotation AR to rotate the target 10 for launching. The target connector 106 is operatively connected to the prime mover 104. As result, the force exerted by the operator via the prime mover 104 causes the target connector 106 to rotate to launch the target 10 (via the drive train 136). The target connector 106 is mounted on and rotates with the output shaft 142 of the drive train 136 (see FIGS. 5 and 6).

[0039] Referring to FIGS. 8-13, the target connector 106 includes a drive hub 146 configured to engage and drive rotation of the target 10. The drive hub 146 interfaces with the target 10 to rotate the target about the axis of rotation AR as the target connector 106 is rotated by the prime mover 104. The drive hub 146 is operatively connected to and rotated by the prime mover 104 (e.g., the drive hub is mounted on a front portion of the output shaft 142 of the drive train 136). The drive hub 146 can receive and rotate one or more targets 10 (e.g., two targets at the same time). This allows the target connector 106 (broadly, the launcher 100) the ability to launch two targets 10 at the same time. The drive hub 146 includes a base 148, a nose portion 150, and one or more (e.g., a plurality of) petals 152. The base 148 is generally circular or disc-shaped. The nose portion 150 and the petals 152 each extend from the base 148. The nose portion 150 (e.g., cylindrical central boss or column) is sized and shaped to be received in (e.g., inserted through) the central opening 16 of the central hub 12 of the target 10. The axis of rotation AR extends through the center of the nose portion 150.

[0040] The target connector 106 engages the target 10 at a location on the target that is radially outward of the central hub 12 (more specifically, radially outward of the central opening or inner surface of the central hub) to drive rotation of the target with the target connector as the target connector is rotated by the motor 104. The target connector 106 engages one or more of the fan blades 14 of the target 10 to drive rotation of the target with the target connector as the target connector is rotated by the motor 104. Each petal 152 is arranged to engage and push a fan blade 14 of the target 10 to drive rotation of the target about the axis of rotation AR. The petals 152 are circumferentially arranged about the nose portion 150 (e.g., axis of rotation AR). In the illustrated embodiment, the target connector 106 includes three petals 152, although more or fewer petals can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, in one embodiment, the target connector includes the same number of petals (e.g., six) as the number of fan blades of the target. Each petal 152 is configured to extend through a gap in the target 10 defined by two adjacent fan blades 14 and the central hub 12 of the target (and optionally an intermediate ring 20). In the illustrated embodiment, each petal 152 is sized and shaped to extend through two targets 10. The petals 152 are spaced apart radially outward of the nose portion 150. The central hub 12 of the target 10 is received in the space (e.g., ring space) between the nose portion 150 and the petals 152. The petals 152 are spaced circumferentially apart from one another, with each gap (e.g., fan blade gap or space) formed between adjacent petals able to receive a portion of one of the fan blades 14 of the target 10. The petals 152 can narrow or tapper as the petals extend from the base 148 to the tip of the petal. Other configurations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0041] In addition to rotating the target 10, the petals 152 are also configured to assist in retaining the target 10 on the target connector 106 (when the target connector 106 is rotating) and / or to assist in launching the target from the target connector (e.g., pushing the target forward off the target connector). The petals 152 are all generally identical. Each petal 148 is angled or contoured to approximately match the pitch angle of the portion of the fan blades 14 received in the gap between adjacent petals. Each petal 148 has a blade engagement surface 154 and a blade launch surface 156. Each fan blade gap is defined by the blade engagement surface 154 of one petal 152 and the blade launch surface 156 of an adjacent petal. The blade engagement surface 154 (e.g., blade drive surface) is the leading edge / surface (relative to the direction of rotation) of the petal 152. The blade engagement surface 154 engages one of the fan blades 14 of the target 10 to drive rotation of the target. The blade engagement surface 154 is angled to generally match the pitch angle of the fan blade 14 (specifically, the pitch angle of the portion of the fan blade the blade engagement surface contacts, as the pitch angle can vary over the length of the fan blade). The angle of the blade engagement surface 154 also assists in retaining the target 10 with the target connector 106 by capturing the target as the target connector is accelerated. The angle of the blade engagement surface results in the petal 152 (broadly, the target connector 106) applying a generally rearward axial force to the target 10 as the target is accelerated. The blade launch surface 156 is the trailing edge / surface (relative to the direction of rotation) of the petal 152. The blade launch surface engages a different one of the fan blades 14 of the target 10 to push the target forward off the target connector 106 to launch the target. The blade launch surface 156 is also angled to generally match the pitch angle of the fan blade 14 (specifically, the pitch angle of the portion of the fan blade the blade launch surface contacts). This angle of the blade launch surface 156 results in the petal 152 (broadly, the target connector 106) applying a forward axial force to the target 10 to push the target forward off the target connector to launch the target as the target connector is decelerated. Thus, the target connector 106 is configured to apply a rearward axial force to the target 10 (specifically, one or more of the fan blades 14) to retain the target on the target connector and is configured to apply a forward axial force to the target (specifically, one or more of the fan blades) to push the target off of the target connector.

[0042] As the target connector 106 is accelerated by the prime 104, the blade engagement surfaces 154 of the petals 152 contact the forward facing faces of the fan blades 14, thereby exerting a rearward axial force against the target 10 which retains the target on the target connector (specifically, the drive hub 146) (forces the target against or toward the base 148 of the drive hub from which the petals extend forward). After the operator finishes applying the manual force to the manual mechanical input 118 (e.g., finishes pulling on the pull cord 122), the rotational speed of the target connector 106 decelerates. The target connector 106 decelerates at least in part because of the inherent friction acting on the moving components (e.g., shafts) in the system, such as in the drive train 136. In one embodiment, the return spring 128 may also decelerate the target connector 106 via the application of its biasing force on the pulley 120. Other ways of decelerating the target connector, such as with a brake, can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As the rotation of the drive hub 146 slows down, the rotational momentum of the target 10 causes the target to keep rotating in the direction of rotation. This causes the rearward facing faces of the fan blades 14 to come into contact with the blade launch surfaces 156 of the petals 152, which exert the forward axial force against the target to push the target forward out of the fan blade gaps, thereby releasing and launching the target. This is the case regardless if one or two targets 10 are connected to the target connector 106. The release of the one or more targets 10 from the target connector is purely mechanical and does not require a separate motor, actuator, or sensor, thereby reducing costs. However, other configurations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0043] Still referring to FIGS. 8-13, the launcher 100 includes a target retainer 160 for retaining (e.g., keeping, holding) the one or more targets 10 on the launcher. Specifically, the target retainer 160 retains the one or more targets 10 with the target connector 106. The target retainer 160 keeps or holds the one or more targets on the drive hub 146 after the one or more targets are loaded (and before the target connector 106 starts rotating). This way the target(s) 10 remain connected to the target connector 106 (broadly, remain on the launcher 100) while the user manipulates the launcher to position or aim the launcher for launching. In the illustrated embodiment, the target retainer 160 is supported by (e.g., carried by) the target connector 106. More specifically, the target retainer 160 is supported or carried by the nose portion 150 of the drive hub 146. Other configurations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0044] The target retainer 160 is moveable between a retaining configuration or position (e.g., FIGS. 10 and 11) and a release configuration or position (e.g., FIGS. 12 and 13). In the retaining configuration, the target retainer 160 is arranged to retain the one or more targets 10 on the launcher 100, specifically with the target connector 106 (more specifically, on the drive hub 150). In the release configuration, the target retainer 160 is arranged to permit the one or more targets 10 to fly off the launcher, specifically the target connector 106 (more specifically, on the drive hub 150).

[0045] In the illustrated embodiment, the target retainer 160 is movable from the retaining configuration to the release configuration by rotation of the target connector 106 to spin the target(s) for launching the target(s). The target retainer 160 is biased (e.g., spring loaded) toward the retaining configuration and moves against the bias to the release configuration via centrifugal forces acting on the target retainer. The target retainer may be referred to as centrifugally driven from the retaining configuration to the release configuration. The target retainer 160 is supported by and rotates with the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR. The target retainer 160 moves from the retaining configuration to the release configuration due to the centrifugal forces experienced by the target retainer as the target retainer rotates about the axis of rotation when the target retainer and target connector 10 are rotated by the motor 104. When the target connector 106 reaches a sufficient rotational speed, the target retainer 160 moves by centrifugal force to the release configuration.

[0046] The launcher 100 is free of a prime mover dedicated to moving the target retainer 160 to the release configuration (e.g., between the retaining and release configurations), such as when the target connector 106 is rotating. Moreover, with respect to the prime mover 104 that rotates the target connector 106, the launcher 100 is free of a second or retainer prime mover that is configured (e.g., operatively connected (either directly or indirectly (such as via a drive train or linkage))) to drive movement of the target retainer 160 to the release configuration. As used in the specification and claims, the second or retainer prime mover means any primary generator of motion that uses non-manual forces (electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc. forces) to generate motion, such as a motor, servo, linear actuator, or that uses manual forces (a manually-operated prime mover) to generate motion, such as a human-input actuator or manually operated actuator (e.g., button, knob, lever, trigger, etc.). It will be appreciated that in operation the target retainer 160 is not moveable from the retaining configuration to the release configuration by an electronic control system. The prime mover 104 that rotates the target connector 106 to rotate the target 10 also drives rotation of the target retainer 160 by its being supported by the target connector and thus causes the movement of the target retainer to the release configuration. The target retainer 160 is configured to be free of discrete control for moving the target retainer to the release configuration when the target connector 106 is rotating. The launcher 100 is free of an electronic control system operable to discretely control the target retainer 160 to move the target retainer to the release configuration when the target connector is rotating. The target retainer 160 is configured to operate passively to move the retainer from the retaining configuration to the release configuration when the target connector 106 is rotating for launching a shooting target 10. There is no user input (e.g., button, lever, actuator) that permits discrete control of the target retainer 160 for moving to the release configuration. The operation of the target retainer 160 moving to the release configuration happens without a control signal from an electronic control system to move the target retainer. After the target connector 106 is loaded with a target or targets 10, the target retainer 160 remains in the retaining configuration until sufficient rotational speed of the target connector 106 causes the target retainer to move to the release configuration. Other configurations of the target retainer (e.g., a target retainer that is driven by a dedicated retainer prime mover) can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the target retainer can be omitted without departing from the scope of the present application.

[0047] In the illustrated embodiment, the target retainer 160 includes one or more target holders. In the illustrated embodiment, the target retainer 160 includes a first target holder 162 and a second target holder 164. The first and second target holders 162, 164 are generally identical (the second target holder is flipped over and rotated 180-degrees about the axis of rotation relative to the first target holder). The first target holder 162 overlies the second target holder 164. Each target holder 162, 164 is moveable between its respective retaining and release positions. Each target holder 162, 164 engages the target 10 (specifically, the central hub 12) to retain the target with the target connector 106 when the target holder is in its respective retaining position (broadly, when the target retainer 160 is in the retaining configuration). Each target holder 162, 164 permits the target 10 to fly off the launcher 100 (specifically, the target connector 106) when the target holder is in its respective release position (broadly, when the target retainer 160 is in the release configuration). Each target holder 162, 164 moves radially or non-axially (relative to the axis of rotation AR) between the retaining and release positions.

[0048] Each target holder 162, 164 is generally T-shaped (in plan). Each target holder 162, 164 has an elongate portion or bar 166 and a crosspiece or counterweight 168. The bar 166 extends from the counterweight 168. The first and second target holders 162, 164 are nested together. Each bar 166 extends through a holder gap or space 170 in the nose portion 150 (adjacent the upper end thereof). Each bar 166 can also extend through a bar gap or space 171 of the counterweight 168 of the other target holder 162, 164. The end of the bar 166 opposite the counterweight 168 forms a target engaging portion or detent 172. The target engaging portion 172 of each holder 162, 164 engages the target 10 (specifically, the central hub 12) to retain the target with the target connector 106 when the target holder is in its respective retaining position (broadly, when the target retainer 160 is in the retaining configuration). The target engaging portion 172 includes a post that extends generally parallel to axis of rotation AR. The target retainer 160 includes a spring 174 (e.g., coil spring) biasing the two target holders 162, 164 toward their respective retaining positions (broadly, biases the target retainer 160 toward the retaining configuration). The spring 174 biases the target holders 162, 164 in opposite radially outward directions. This biases the target engaging portions 172 toward the retaining configuration. One end of the spring 174 engages and pushes against the first target holder 162 (specifically, the post of the bar 166) and the other end of the spring engages and pushes against the second target holder 164 (specifically, the post of the bar).

[0049] In the illustrated embodiment, each target holder 162, 164 includes a guide or stop 176. Each stop 176 stops or limits the radial movement of their respective target holder 162, 164, such as when the target holders move due to the centrifugal forces. Each stop 176 is disposed in and slideable along a slot or channel 178 of the nose portion 170. The stop 176 of the first target holder 162 is in a slot 178 of a cap 180 of the nose portion 150. The stop 176 of the second target holder 162 is in a slot 178 of a base 182 of the nose portion 150. The cap 180 can be secured to the base 182 by any suitable method, such as by one or more fasteners. In general, the cap 180 secures the target retainer 160 to the drive hub 146 (broadly, the target connector 106). The stops 176 guide movement of the target holders 162, 164 along a radial axis (generally perpendicular to and extend through the axis of rotation AR). The ends of each slot 178 are closed or blocked. The stops 176 engage one of the ends of their corresponding slots 178 to limit the movement of the target holders 162, 164 along the radial axis.

[0050] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, when the target retainer 160 is in the retaining configuration, the target holders 162, 164 project radially outward of an outer cylindrical surface 151 of the nose portion 150. Specifically, the target engagement portions 172 extend beyond or radially outward of the outer cylindrical surface 151. In this retaining configuration, the distance between the target engagement portions 172 (e.g., ends thereof) is greater than a diameter of the central opening 16 of the central hub 12 of the target 10. The outer cylindrical surface 151 of the nose portion 150 interfaces with the central hub 12 of the target 10 (e.g., extends through the central opening 16). The spring 174 biases the first and second target holders 162, 164 (specifically, target engagement portions 172) toward these respective retaining positions. The counterweights 168 also act as a stop and engage the nose portion 150 (projections of the nose portion defining opposite sides of the gap 170) (FIG. 11), thereby positioning the target holders 162, 164 in their respective retaining positions. In these positions, the target engagement portions 172 are positioned to engage the forward or leading face of the central hub 12 of the target 10 to prevent the target from moving forward off the drive hub 146, thereby retaining the target on the target connector 106. If two targets 10 are connected to the target connector 106, the target engagement portions 172 engage the forward target, which in turn retains the rearward target on the target connector. In the retaining configuration, the counterweights 168 are recessed radially inward of the outer cylindrical surface 151 of the nose portion 150.

[0051] The target retainer 160 moves from the retaining configuration to the release configuration when loading the target 10 onto the target connector 106 to permit the target to move rearward past the target retainer. The target retainer 160 is engaged and moved by the target 10 (specifically, the central hub 12) from the retaining configuration to the release configuration as the target connector 106 receives the target. To install the target 10 on the target connector 106, the central hub 12 of the target is aligned with the nose portion 150 and then moved rearward onto the nose portion. The central hub 12 of the target 10 presses on the target engagement portions 172 (e.g., radially outward ends thereof), thereby forcing the first and second target holders 162, 164 toward their respective release positions (broadly, moving the target retainer 160 towards its release configuration). The target engagement portions 172 of the target holders 162, 164 may be chamfered, beveled, rounded, etc. to facilitate movement of the target holders when engaged by the target 10. The target holders 162, 164 are moved sufficiently toward their release positions to allow the central hub 12 of the target 10 to pass thereby. Once the central hub 12 of the target 10 clears the target holders 162, 164 (moves rearward pass the target holders), the target holders return to their respective retaining positions via the spring 174, to retain the target on the target connector 106. If desired, a second target can be loaded in a similar manner. The nose portion 150 is sized to hold at least two targets 10 behind the target retainer 160. The spring-loaded target retainer 160 retains the target(s) 10 after loading and before acceleration of the target connector 106. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer ends of the target engagement portions 172 of the target holders 162, 164 are chamfered, beveled, rounded, etc. to facilitate movement of the target holders by the target 10 when the target is loaded onto the target connector 106 and removed from the target connector. This allows the operator to easily connect and disconnect the target 10 from the target connector 106 as desired. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the forward and rearward edges of the outer ends of the target engagement portions 172 are chamfered, beveled, rounded, etc. to facilitate this movement. The portion extending between the forward and rearward edges of the outer ends of the target engagement portions 172 are also rounded to facilitate this movement.

[0052] Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the target retainer 160 retracts or moves to the release configuration via the centrifugal forces acting on the target retainer as the target connector 106 and target retainer are rotated to rotate and launch the one or more targets 10. Each counterweight 168 is arranged relative to its target holder's 162, 164 corresponding target engagement portion 172 so that the centrifugal forces acting on the counterweight when the target retainer 160 is rotated by the motor 104 cause the target engaging portion to move (e.g., move radially) from the retaining position to the release position. Each target engaging portion 172 moves radially inward the retaining position to the release position due to the centrifugal forces acting on the respective counterweights 168. In other words, the counterweights 168 move radially outward and the target engaging portions 172 move radially inward. This is due to the axis of rotation AR being between each set of counterweights 168 and the target engaging portions 172. The first and second target holders 162, 164 (e.g., the counterweights 168, target engaging portions 172, etc. thereof) move in opposite radial directions due to the centrifugal forces. As shown in FIG. 12, the stops 176 of each target holder 162, 164 engage the end of the respective slots 178 to limit the radial movement of the target holders (e.g., limit the radially inward movement of the target engaging portions 172 and the radially outward movement of the counterweights 168). This prevents the counterweights 168 from extending radially outward of the outer cylindrical surface 151 of the nose portion 150 and interfering with the launching of the one or more targets 10. In other words, in the release position, the counterweights 168 are either aligned with or radially inward of the outer cylindrical surface 151 of the nose portion 150. In addition, limiting the movement of each target holder 162, 164 prevents only one target holder from moving to the release position (unlimited movement could counteract the centrifugal force acting on the other target holder (via compressing the spring 174 too much) and preventing the other target holder from moving to its release position). In one embodiment, the counterweights 168 (broadly, the target holders 162, 164) are made of metal (such as steel) to have sufficient mass to move as a result of the centrifugal forces. The counterweights 168 can include a notch or recess 169 for receiving the target engaging portion 172 of the other target holder 162, 164 when in the release position.

[0053] The target retainer 160 retains the one or more targets 10 on the target connector 106 as the prime mover 104 accelerates and rotates the target connector and target. As the rotational speed of the target connector 106 approaches a set or minimum rotational release speed (e.g., 5000 RPM), the centrifugal forces acting on the counterweights 168 of each target holder 162, 164 overcomes the force of the spring 174, thereby moving the target holders toward (and to) their respective release positions. The speed at which the target retainer 160 moves into the release configuration is the minimum rotational release speed. In the release positions, the target engaging portions 172 are either aligned with or radially inward of the outer cylindrical surface 151 of the nose portion 150 (broadly, a distance between the target engaging portions is less than the diameter of the central opening 16 of the central hub 12 of the target 10). If the target connector 106 continues to accelerate after reaching the minimum rotational release speed, the target 10 is retained by the engagement of the petals 152 with the fan blades 14, as discussed herein. After the operator stops applying manual force to the manual mechanical input 118 (e.g., stops pulling the pull cord 122), the target connector 106 decelerates, thereby releasing the target 10 from the target connector 106. At the same time, the centrifugal forces acting on the first and second target holders 162, 164 diminishes and the spring 174 returns the target holders toward their retaining positions, but this occurs after the one or more targets have flown off the target connector 106.

[0054] Target retainers having other configurations (e.g., other numbers of target holders (e.g., one, three, more)) can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the target retainer can be omitted.

[0055] As is apparent, the launcher 100 is free of a spring for rotating the target connector 106 about the axis of rotation AR to launch a target 10. For example, the launcher 100 is free of a spring that stores manual input from the operator to be released at a later time. Instead, operation of the prime mover 104 by the operator results in simultaneous rotation of the target connector 106. The movement of the manual mechanical input 118 by the operator results in simultaneous rotation of the target connector 106. The pulley 120 and the target connector 106 rotate simultaneously (but at different speeds) when the operator applies the manual force (e.g., pulls the pull cord 122).

[0056] It is appreciated that the person of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to determine the scope of terms of degree such as, but not limited to, “about,”“substantially,” and “generally.” For example, when a term of degree is used in relation to a numeric value, the person of ordinary skill in the art understands that the term of degree covers an inclusive range of plus or minus 10% of the numeric value, unless clearly indicated or stated otherwise.

[0057] When introducing elements of the present disclosure or the embodiment(s) thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the" and "said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms "comprising", "including" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

[0058] Modifications and variations of the disclosed embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure defined in the appended claims. For example, where specific dimensions are given, it will be understood that they are exemplary only and other dimensions are possible. As various changes could be made in the above constructions, products, and methods without departing from the scope of the disclosure, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Claims

1. A shooting target launcher for launching a shooting target, the shooting target launcher comprising:a housing;a target connector configured to receive the shooting target, the target connector being configured to rotate about an axis of rotation to rotate the shooting target for launching; anda manually-powered prime mover operatively connected to the target connector and configured to rotate the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

2. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, wherein the manually-powered prime mover comprises a manual mechanical input configured to receive manual force from an operator to rotate the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

3. The shooting target launcher of claim 2, wherein the manual mechanical input comprises a hand-operated input configured to receive manual force from a hand of the operator to rotate the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

4. The shooting target launcher of claim 3, wherein the hand-operated input includes a pull cord configured to be pulled by the hand of the operator.

5. The shooting target launcher of claim 4, wherein the hand-operated input includes a pulley configured to be rotated by the pull cord when the pull cord is pulled by the hand of the operator.

6. The shooting target launcher of claim 4, wherein the pull cord includes a cord and a handle attached to the cord, the handle configured to be grasped by the hand of the operator to pull the cord.

7. The shooting target launcher of claim 4, further comprising a guide configured to guide the pull cord as the pull cord moves.

8. The shooting target launcher of claim 7, wherein the guide is configured to permit the pull cord to change direction.

9. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, further comprising a drive train operatively connecting the manually-powered prime mover to the target connector, the drive train configured to transmit movement from the manually-powered prime mover into rotation of the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

10. The shooting target launcher of claim 9, wherein the drive train is configured to transmit rotation from the manually-powered prime mover into rotation of the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

11. The shooting target launcher of claim 10, wherein the drive train comprises a gear train.

12. The shooting target launcher of claim 10, wherein the drive train comprises an input shaft rotated by the manually-powered prime mover and an output shaft rotating the target connector, the drive train being configured to rotate the output shaft at a rate of rotation that is faster than a rate of rotation of the input shaft.

13. The shooting target launcher of claim 12, wherein the drive train is configured to have a ratio of the rates of rotation of the input and output shafts in the inclusive range of about 1:5 to about 1:50.

14. The shooting target launcher of claim 13, wherein the ratio is in the inclusive range of about 1:10 to about 1:20.

15. The shooting target launcher of claim 14, wherein the ratio is about 1:16.

16. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, wherein the housing is sized and shaped to be handheld as the manually-powered prime mover is operated to rotate the target connector about the axis of rotation for launching the shooting target.

17. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a handle sized and shaped to be grasped by a hand of an operator, the handle arranged to promote the operator to hold the shooting target launcher at or below the operator’s stomach when the hand grasps the handle to orient the shooting target launcher to launch the shooting target.

18. The shooting target launcher of claim 17, wherein the handle extends downward at about a 45-degree angle relative to the axis of rotation.

19. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, wherein the shooting target launcher is free of a spring for rotating the target connector about the axis of rotation.

20. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, further comprising a target retainer configured to retain the shooting target with the target connector, the target retainer moveable between a retaining configuration where the target retainer is arranged to retain the shooting target with the target connector and a release configuration where the target retainer is arranged to permit the shooting target to launch off the target connector.

21. The shooting target launcher of claim 4, wherein the pull cord is arranged to be pulled above the handle when the target connector is in horizontal registration with the handle.

22. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, wherein the handle has a length configured to permit wrapping a user’s hand around the handle, and wherein the axis of rotation is arranged at a non-zero angle with respect to the length of the handle.

23. The shooting target launcher of claim 22, wherein the axis of rotation intersects the handle.

24. The shooting target launcher of claim 1, further comprising a drive train operatively coupling the manually-powered prime mover to the target connector, wherein when the target connector is oriented to face in a forward, the drive train is behind the target connector, and the handle is behind the drivetrain, wherein the handle has a longitudinal axis different from the axis of rotation.

25. The shooting target launcher of claim 24, wherein the longitudinal axis of the handle is oriented at a nonzero angle relative to the axis of rotation.

26. The shooting target launcher of claim 24, wherein the longitudinal axis of the handle is oriented at a skew angle relative to the axis of rotation.

27. The shooting target launcher of claim 24, wherein the axis of rotation intersects the handle.

28. The shooting target launcher of claim 24, further comprising a pull cord operatively connected to the drive train to cause the drive train to rotate the target connector, the pull cord being configured to be pulled in a direction upward and rearward relative to the target connector when the target connector is oriented to face forward.

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