Data transmission method and apparatus, sending node, and receiving node

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and discloses a data transmission method and apparatus, a sending node, and a receiving node. The data transmission method in embodiments of the present application comprises: a sending node sends a first data packet to a receiving node on the basis of a target protocol, wherein the target protocol comprises at least one of a first protocol of a data plane and a second protocol of the data plane, the first protocol is located on a non-access stratum (NAS) protocol, the second protocol is located on an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet comprises at least one of a data packet generated on the basis of control information of the data plane and a data packet generated on the basis of data of the data plane.

Description

Data transmission method, device, sending node and receiving node

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202310707539.X filed in China on June 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to a data transmission method, device, sending node and receiving node. Background Art

[0004] With the development of mobile communication technology, more and more data are involved between communication devices, such as data for positioning, perception, computing and artificial intelligence (AI). Based on this, in the mobile communication network architecture (for example, the 6th generation (6 th A data plane is proposed in the 6G (6th Generation) network architecture. This data plane includes core network data plane functions, radio access network data plane functions, and user equipment (UE) data plane functions, providing end-to-end connectivity. The data plane is responsible for data control, such as data collection and coordination configuration, data collection configuration, and data transmission configuration. Furthermore, the data plane is responsible for data acquisition, data transmission, data preprocessing, data privacy and security, data analysis, data storage, and data services.

[0005] However, in the related art, there is no corresponding solution for how to transmit data plane control information (for example, data collection coordination configuration, data collection configuration and data transmission configuration, etc.) and data plane data (for example, perception data, positioning data, etc.).

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, device, sending node and receiving node, and provide a transmission method for data plane control information, data plane data, etc., to realize the transmission of data plane control information, data plane data, etc.

[0008] In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, the method comprising:

[0009] The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol;

[0010] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0011] In a second aspect, a data transmission device is provided, the device comprising:

[0012] A first sending module, configured to send a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol;

[0013] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0014] According to a third aspect, a data transmission method is provided, the method comprising:

[0015] The receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol;

[0016] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, a data transmission device is provided, the device comprising:

[0018] A first receiving module, configured to receive a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol;

[0019] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0020] In a fifth aspect, a sending node is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented.

[0021] In a sixth aspect, a sending node is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to send a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol; wherein the target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0022] In a seventh aspect, a receiving node is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the third aspect are implemented.

[0023] In an eighth aspect, a receiving node is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to receive a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol; wherein the target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0024] In the ninth aspect, a data transmission system is provided, comprising: a terminal and a network side device, wherein the terminal can be used to execute the steps of the data transmission method as described in the first aspect, and the network side device can be used to execute the steps of the data transmission method as described in the third aspect.

[0025] In the tenth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect are implemented.

[0026] In the eleventh aspect, a chip is provided, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0027] In the twelfth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present application, a sending node sends a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol; wherein the target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above the non-access layer NAS protocol, and the second protocol is located above the access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane and a data packet generated according to the data plane. The embodiment of the present application introduces at least one of the first protocol and the second protocol corresponding to the data plane, and then at least one of the control information of the data plane and the data of the data plane can be transmitted based on at least one of the first protocol and the second protocol. That is, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission method for data plane control information, data plane data, etc., and realizes the transmission of data plane control information, data plane data, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present application may be applied;

[0030] FIG2a is a schematic diagram of a user plane protocol stack provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG2 b is a schematic diagram of a control plane protocol stack provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG3a is a schematic diagram of a positioning protocol stack between a UE and an LMF provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG3 b is a schematic diagram of a positioning protocol stack between an NG RAN and an LMF according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG4 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a data plane protocol stack between a UE and a CN according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG6a is a schematic diagram of a data plane protocol stack between a UE, a RAN, and a CN according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG6 b is a second schematic diagram of a protocol stack of a data plane between a UE, a RAN, and a CN according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG7 is a flowchart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG8 is a third schematic diagram of a protocol stack of a data plane between a UE, a RAN, and a CN according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG9 is a fourth schematic diagram of a protocol stack of a data plane between a UE, a RAN, and a CN according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG10 is a fifth schematic diagram of a protocol stack of a data plane between a UE, a RAN, and a CN according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG11 is a structural diagram of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG12 is a structural diagram of another data transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG13 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG14 is a structural diagram of a sending node provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG15 is a structural diagram of a receiving node provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "or" in this application represents at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three options, namely, Option 1: including A but not including B; Option 2: including B but not including A; Option 3: including both A and B. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0049] The term "indication" in this application can be either a direct indication (or explicit indication) or an indirect indication (or implicit indication). A direct indication can be understood as the sender explicitly informing the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc. in the instruction sent; an indirect indication can be understood as the receiver determining the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or making a judgment and determining the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc. based on the judgment result.

[0050] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the technology described can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) systems. th Generation, 6G) communication system.

[0051] FIG1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Tablet Personal Computer), a laptop computer (Laptop Computer), a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR), a virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device (Wearable Device), an aircraft (Flight Vehicle), a vehicle-mounted device (VUE), a ship-mounted device, a pedestrian user equipment (PUE), a smart home (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), a game console, a personal computer (PC), an ATM, or a self-service machine, or other terminal-side devices. Wearable devices include: smart watches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among them, the vehicle-mounted device can also be called a vehicle-mounted terminal, a vehicle-mounted controller, a vehicle-mounted module, a vehicle-mounted component, a vehicle-mounted chip or a vehicle-mounted unit, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. The network side device 12 may include an access network device or a core network device, wherein the access network device may also be called a radio access network (Radio Access Network, RAN) device, a radio access network function or a radio access network unit. The access network device may include a base station, a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) node, etc.Among them, the base station can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), the next generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), access point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B (home evolved Node B), Transmission Reception Point (TRP) or other appropriate terms in the field. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to specific technical vocabulary. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is used as an example for introduction, and the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0052] The core network equipment may include but is not limited to at least one of the following: core network node, core network function, mobility management entity (MME), access mobility management function (AMF), session management function (SMF), user plane function (UPF), policy control function (PCF), policy and charging rules function unit (PCRF), edge application service discovery function (EASDF), unified data management (UDM), unified data repository (UDR), home user server (HSS), centralized network configuration (CNC), network storage function (NRF), network exposure function (NEF), local NEF (L-NEF), binding support function (BSF), application function ( It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, only the core network device in the NR system is introduced as an example, and the specific type of the core network device is not limited.

[0053] For ease of understanding, some of the contents involved in the embodiments of this application are described below:

[0054] 1. Fifth-Generation (5G) Control Plane and User Plane Protocol Solutions

[0055] According to the definition of the control plane and user plane protocol architecture, the user plane protocol consists of the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC), Media Access Control (MAC), and the physical layer (PHY), as shown in Figure 2a. The control plane protocol consists of Radio Resource Control (RRC), PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY, as shown in Figure 2b.

[0056] 2. Positioning Protocol Stack

[0057] Exemplarily, the positioning protocol stack between the UE and the Location Management Function (LMF) may be as shown in FIG3a , and the positioning protocol stack between the Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) and the LMF may be as shown in FIG3b .

[0058] 3. Data plane control function

[0059] The data plane control function is responsible for one or more of the following: data collection coordination, data transmission configuration, data reporting configuration, and data processing configuration. Data collection coordination involves the data plane control function determining the availability of the required data based on received data requests and / or data subscription information, identifying the data provider that can provide the required data, and sending the data collection configuration.

[0060] Data reporting configuration involves configuring the data packet encapsulation for the data provided by the data provision function. This includes the packet length, packet length distribution, packet interval, packet transmission interval distribution, whether the data provision function encrypts the data, and whether the data provision function scrambles the data. If encryption or scrambling is used, the key and scrambling sequence must be configured.

[0061] Data transmission configuration refers to the establishment, modification, and release of data transmission channels and data transmission Quality of Service (QoS) management.

[0062] Data processing configuration refers to configuring data processing for a data processing node, including data preprocessing (such as filtering and desensitization) and data analysis. The data processing node may include at least one of a data transmission node, a data receiving node, and a second node, where the second node is a UE or network function node other than the data transmission node and the data receiving node. When the data processing node is the data transmission node that transmits the data, this data transmission and processing method is also called path-associated computing.

[0063] It should be noted that the core network data plane function, the radio access network data plane function or the UE data plane function of the embodiment of the present application can be a function in the core network, the radio access network or the UE, or it can be a node, or it can be multiple data plane related nodes. An example of multiple data plane related nodes is a data control function node, a data security and trust function node, a data warehouse function node, a data consumption function node, a data transmission function node, a data provision function node, and a data processing function node. Among them, the data control function node is such as the above-mentioned data control function; the data security and trust function node is used to support security mechanisms such as authentication, authorization, and access control, as well as to evaluate the data credibility of the data provision function and support query credibility; the data warehouse node is used to support the persistent storage and retrieval of data collected by the data plane; the data consumption function node is used to support sending data requests and receiving data responses; the data transmission function node is used to support data plane transmission of data; the data provision function node is used to provide required data; the data processing node is used for data plane data processing, including data analysis, de-redundancy, filtering and desensitization, etc.

[0064] The data transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below through some embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0065] Please refer to FIG4 , which is a flowchart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method can be executed by a terminal, as shown in FIG4 , and includes the following steps:

[0066] Step 401: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol;

[0067] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access stratum (NAS) protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0068] Exemplarily, the sending node may be one of a terminal and a core network device. The receiving node may be the other of the terminal and the core network device. The core network device may include a core network node or a core network function, and the core network function may include any core network function that supports the target protocol, for example, a core network data function (such as a Data Control Function (DCF)).

[0069] The first protocol is located above the NAS protocol, where the NAS protocol is a protocol for the wireless interface between the terminal and the core network device. For example, as shown in FIG5 , in the NR protocol, the NAS protocol may be a NAS protocol for mobility management (MM) function (i.e., NAS-MM), and the first protocol may be, for example, NAS data control (NAS-DC), and the first protocol is located above NAS-MM.

[0070] The first protocol may perform a first process on the first protocol data based on the configuration, wherein the first process may include at least one of interpreting the data and forwarding the data to a target node. Exemplarily, forwarding the data to the target node may include the first protocol not parsing the first protocol data and directly forwarding the first protocol data to the target node according to the configuration information, or the first protocol only parsing a portion of the first protocol data, for example, a packet header of the first protocol data, and forwarding the first protocol data to the target node according to the parsing result.

[0071] The target node may include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0072] Core network functions, such as core network data plane functions, LMF, and network data analytics function (NWDAF);

[0073] Radio access network functions, such as the centralized unit control plane (CU-CP), centralized unit user plane (CU-UP), centralized unit data plane (CU-DP), radio access network data plane functions, SON functions, MDT functions, etc.

[0074] Network external functions, such as AF.

[0075] It should be noted that the above-mentioned first protocol can be used to perform a first processing on at least one of the control information of the data plane and the data of the data plane, that is, the above-mentioned first protocol data may include at least one of the control information of the data plane and the data of the data plane. Among them, the above-mentioned data plane control information can also be referred to as data plane signaling data, for example, data collection coordination configuration, data collection configuration and data transmission configuration and other data plane control-related information. The above-mentioned data plane data may include but is not limited to at least one of the data collected based on the data plane control, positioning data carried by the data plane as a transmission protocol layer, perception data, computing data, AI data (such as AI model training data, AI model), measurement data, user contract data, context data, etc.

[0076] The above-mentioned second protocol is located above the access network protocol layer, for example, the above-mentioned second protocol is located above the 6G-AN protocol layer, wherein the access network protocol layer may refer to a set of protocols or layers that depends on the access network (a set of protocols / layers depends on the AN). In the 5G protocol, when the access network protocol layer (5G-AN protocol layers) is 3GPP NG-RAN, this set of protocols / layers is a set of user plane protocol stacks between the UE and NG-RAN defined by TS 38.401 and TS 38.300. Exemplarily, in the NR protocol, the above-mentioned access network protocol layer may include PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and SDAP. Correspondingly, the above-mentioned second protocol being located above the above-mentioned access network protocol layer can be understood as the above-mentioned second protocol being located above a set of protocol layers consisting of PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP, for example, as shown in Figure 6a.

[0077] In some optional embodiments, if it is necessary to route multiple data functions (such as data transmission functions) based on a transport protocol such as the Internet Protocol (IP), a transport protocol layer may be added above the access network protocol layer, such as the IP layer, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / IP or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) / IP. Accordingly, the second protocol may be located above the transport protocol, for example, as shown in FIG6 b.

[0078] It should be noted that the lower layer in Figure 5 can be understood as a protocol layer lower than the aforementioned NAS-MM layer. The core network control plane function in Figure 5 can be, for example, the AMF. The core network data function in Figures 5, 6a, and 6b can be, for example, the data control function. Nx in Figures 6a and 6b represents the interface between the access network node and the core network data function. It is understood that the interface between the access network node and the core network data function can also be represented by other names.

[0079] The second protocol may perform a first process on the second protocol data based on the configuration, wherein the first process may include at least one of interpreting the data and forwarding the data to a target node. Exemplarily, forwarding the data to the target node may include the second protocol not parsing the second protocol data and directly forwarding the second protocol data to the target node based on the configuration information, or the second protocol only parsing a portion of the second protocol data, such as a packet header of the second protocol data, and forwarding the second protocol data to the target node based on the parsing result.

[0080] The target node may include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0081] Core network functions, such as core network data plane functions, LMF, NWDAF, etc.

[0082] Radio access network functions, such as CU-CP, CU-UP, CU-DP, radio access network data plane functions, SON functions, MDT functions, etc.

[0083] Network external functions, such as AF.

[0084] It should be noted that the above-mentioned second protocol can be used to perform a first processing on at least one of the control information of the data plane and the data of the data plane, that is, the above-mentioned second protocol data may include at least one of the control information of the data plane and the data of the data plane. Among them, the above-mentioned data plane control information can also be referred to as data plane signaling data, for example, data collection coordination configuration, data collection configuration and data transmission configuration and other data plane control-related information. The above-mentioned data plane data may include but is not limited to at least one of the data collected based on the data plane control, positioning data carried by the data plane as a transmission protocol layer, perception data, computing data, AI data (such as AI model training data, AI model), measurement data, user contract data, context data, etc.

[0085] The following examples illustrate the above step 401 in different situations:

[0086] Case 1: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the first protocol. The first data packet is a data packet generated according to control information of the data plane.

[0087] Case 2: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the second protocol, where the first data packet is generated according to data on the data plane.

[0088] Case 3: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the first protocol, where the first data packet is generated according to data on the data plane.

[0089] Case 4: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the second protocol, where the first data packet is generated according to the control information of the data plane.

[0090] Case 5: The sending node sends a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane to the receiving node based on the first protocol, and the sending node sends a data packet generated according to the data of the data plane to the receiving node based on the second protocol. The first data packet includes a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane and a data packet generated according to the data of the data plane.

[0091] Case 6: The sending node sends a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane to the receiving node based on the first protocol. The sending node sends a data packet generated according to the data plane data to the receiving node based on the first protocol. The first data packet includes a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane and a data packet generated according to the data plane data.

[0092] The data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application is that a sending node sends a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol; wherein the target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above the non-access layer NAS protocol, and the second protocol is located above the access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane and a data packet generated according to the data plane. The embodiment of the present application introduces at least one of the first protocol and the second protocol corresponding to the data plane, and then at least one of the control information of the data plane and the data of the data plane can be transmitted based on at least one of the first protocol and the second protocol. That is, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission method for data plane control information, data on the data plane, etc., and realizes the transmission of data plane control information, data on the data plane, etc.

[0093] Optionally, the first data packet further includes first information, where the first information includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0094] The first data packet is terminated at a target function of the receiving node;

[0095] forwarding the first data packet to a target function at the receiving node;

[0096] The first data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0097] The target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0098] Exemplarily, when the target protocol includes a first protocol, the above-mentioned target function includes a first function, and the first function supports the first protocol. For example, when the above-mentioned receiving node is a core network device, the above-mentioned first function may be a data control function supporting the first protocol; when the target protocol includes a second protocol, the above-mentioned target function includes a second function, and the first function supports the second protocol. For example, when the above-mentioned receiving node is a core network device, the above-mentioned second function may be a data transmission function supporting the second protocol.

[0099] The first data packet is terminated at the target function of the receiving node, which can be understood as the target function of the receiving node no longer transmitting the data packet to other nodes after receiving the first data packet. The first data packet is forwarded by the target function of the receiving node, which can be understood as the target function of the receiving node directly forwarding the first data packet without processing the data packet after receiving the first data packet. The first data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node, which can be understood as the target function of the receiving node processing the first data packet after receiving the first data packet and forwarding the processed data packet.

[0100] The target node for forwarding the first data packet or the processed data packet by the target function of the receiving node can be determined based on at least one of pre-acquired forwarding configuration information (e.g., forwarding node information, forwarding routing information, etc.) and the header of the first data packet. For example, if the first data packet is a data packet generated based on data plane control information, the target node can be determined based on the header of the first data packet; if the first data packet is a data packet generated based on data of the data packet, a data packet generated based on data plane control information can be received in advance, and the data packet can include the forwarding configuration information, and the target node of the first data packet can be determined based on the forwarding configuration information.

[0101] Exemplarily, the first information may be carried in a header of the first data packet, where the first information includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates a processing behavior of a target function of the receiving node on the first data packet. For example, a header of a service data unit (SDU) in a protocol data unit (PDU) generated by the target function includes the first indication information.

[0102] It can be understood that when the target function of the receiving node receives the above-mentioned first data packet, it can determine to terminate the transmission of the first data packet based on the above-mentioned first indication information, or forward the first data packet to the target node, or process the first data packet and forward the processed first data packet to the target node.

[0103] In this embodiment, the first data packet carries the first indication information to indicate the target function of the receiving node to process the first data packet, which is beneficial for the target function of the receiving node to clearly understand the processing behavior of the first data packet, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the processing of the first data packet by the target function of the receiving node.

[0104] Optionally, the first information further includes at least one of the following:

[0105] forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet;

[0106] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the first data packet.

[0107] In this embodiment, the forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet can be understood as the forwarding node information used for forwarding the first data packet. Exemplarily, the forwarding node information can include, but is not limited to, a forwarding node identifier, such as a network function identifier (e.g., LMF instance ID, RAN node ID, etc.). The forwarding node can be understood as a transmission node involved in the forwarding process of the first data packet.

[0108] The forwarding routing information corresponding to the first data packet can be understood as the forwarding routing information used for forwarding the first data packet. Exemplarily, the forwarding routing information may include information about the next routing node of each transmission node, such as an AMF instance ID.

[0109] In this embodiment, the first information further includes at least one of the forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet and the forwarding route information corresponding to the first data packet, which is conducive to more accurate control of the forwarding of the first data packet.

[0110] Optionally, when the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, the first data packet further includes second information, where the second information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0111] The second data packet terminates at a target function at the receiving node;

[0112] forwarding the second data packet to the target function at the receiving node;

[0113] The second data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0114] The second data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane, and the target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0115] In this embodiment, the second data packet may be a data packet whose transmission is controlled by the first data packet, that is, the transmission of the data plane data (ie, the second data packet) is controlled by the data plane control information (ie, the first data packet).

[0116] It should be noted that the second indication information of this embodiment is similar to the first indication information described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0117] This embodiment carries the second indication information in the first data packet to indicate the target function of the receiving node's processing behavior for the second data packet, which helps the target function of the receiving node to clearly understand the processing behavior for the second data packet, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the target function of the receiving node in processing the second data packet.

[0118] Optionally, the second information further includes at least one of the following:

[0119] forwarding node information corresponding to the second data packet;

[0120] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the second data packet.

[0121] The forwarding node information corresponding to the second data packet and the forwarding route information corresponding to the second data packet in this embodiment can be found in the related descriptions of the forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet and the forwarding route information corresponding to the first data packet, which will not be repeated here.

[0122] In this embodiment, the second information further includes at least one of the forwarding node information corresponding to the second data packet and the forwarding route information corresponding to the second data packet, which is conducive to more accurate control of the forwarding of the second data packet.

[0123] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the sending node sending the first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol includes:

[0124] The sending node generates a first protocol data unit (PDU) of the data plane based on the first protocol;

[0125] The sending node sends the first PDU to the receiving node based on the NAS protocol.

[0126] In this embodiment, the sending node generates a first PDU from the SDU of the first protocol based on the first protocol, and submits the first PDU to the NAS protocol of the sending node, and then the sending node can send the first PDU to the receiving node based on the NAS protocol. Optionally, the first PDU can be transmitted through the data plane container (DP-Container) of NAS, wherein the DP-Container can be used to transmit data packets based on the first protocol between the core network device and the terminal, and the NAS protocol is transparent to the DP-Container, that is, the NAS protocol can transparently transmit the above-mentioned DP-Container. Exemplarily, for the NR protocol, the first PDU can be transmitted through the DP-Container of NAS-MM, and NAS-MM is transparent to the DP-Container.

[0127] Accordingly, the receiving node may receive the first PDU based on the NAS protocol, and deliver the received first PDU to the first function of the receiving node, that is, the function in the receiving node that supports the first protocol.

[0128] Optionally, the header of the first PDU includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate that the service data unit SDU of the first PDU is to be delivered to a first function of the receiving node, where the first function supports the first protocol.

[0129] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the sending node sending the first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol includes:

[0130] The sending node generates a second PDU of the data plane based on the second protocol;

[0131] The sending node sends the second PDU to the receiving node based on the access network protocol layer.

[0132] In this embodiment, the sending node can generate a second PDU from the SDU of the second protocol based on the second protocol, and submit the second PDU to the access network protocol layer of the sending node, and then the sending node can send the second PDU based on the access network protocol layer.

[0133] Accordingly, the receiving node may receive the second PDU based on the access network protocol layer, and deliver the received second PDU to the second function of the receiving node, that is, the function supporting the second protocol in the receiving node.

[0134] Optionally, the header of the second PDU includes fourth indication information, and the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the SDU of the second PDU is to be delivered to the second function of the receiving node, and the second function supports the second protocol.

[0135] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the sending node sending the first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol includes:

[0136] The sending node sends a first NAS message to the receiving node based on the first protocol, where the first NAS message includes the first data packet.

[0137] In this embodiment, the first protocol may adopt a NAS solution to transmit the first data packet. Exemplarily, an existing NAS message type may be reused to transmit at least one item of data and control information on the data plane. For example, at least one item of data and control information on the data plane may be transmitted through a mobility management message or a session management message. Alternatively, a new NAS message type may be introduced, for example, a data plane management message, for transmitting at least one item of data and control information on the data plane.

[0138] In this embodiment, the first protocol uses NAS messages to transmit the first data packet, which is relatively simple to implement.

[0139] Optionally, the first NAS message includes fifth indication information, where the fifth indication information is used to indicate that the first NAS message is a data plane message.

[0140] In this embodiment, the fifth indication information is carried in the first NAS message to indicate that the first NAS message is a data plane message. In this way, when a receiving node receives the first NAS message, it can more conveniently know that the first NAS message is a data plane message.

[0141] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a mobility management message or a session management message.

[0142] In this embodiment, an existing NAS message type (ie, a mobility management message or a session management message) is multiplexed to transmit at least one of data plane control information and data plane data.

[0143] Exemplarily, taking service request procedures as an example, a process for multiplexing existing NAS message types to send at least one of data and control information on the data plane may include the following steps:

[0144] Step a1: When the UE needs to send uplink data plane control information or data plane data, the UE sends a service request message to the access network device. The service request message includes access network (AN) parameters and a service request. The service request includes a data plane message indication, a UE identifier, and a NAS message container. The data plane message indication indicates that the message is a data plane message. The AMF forwards the information in the NAS message container to the first data plane function for processing based on the data plane message indication.

[0145] If the UE triggers the service request process because it needs to send data on the data plane, the service request may further include a list of data plane bearers to be activated, for example, a list of data plane sessions to be activated (list of DP sessions to be activated).

[0146] Step a2: The access network device encapsulates the service request message in step a1 into an N2 message and sends it to the AMF. The N2 message includes the N2 parameters and the service request in step a1.

[0147] Step a3: AMF forwards the NAS information container to DCF for processing according to the data plane message indication in the service request message.

[0148] Step a4: DCF determines whether to accept the UE's data plane service request based on the received message content, and sends data plane response information to AMF.

[0149] Step a5: AMF sends a response message to the access network device, where the response message includes at least the data plane response information received from DCF.

[0150] Step a6: The access network device sends the data plane response information to the UE via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration message.

[0151] In this embodiment, by multiplexing mobility management messages or session management messages to transmit at least one of data and control information on the data plane, signaling design can be simplified while ensuring transmission of at least one of data and control information on the data plane.

[0152] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane management message.

[0153] In this embodiment, a new NAS message type (ie, data plane management message) is introduced for transmitting at least one of data and control information on the data plane. It is understandable that the above-mentioned data plane management message may also be called other names.

[0154] For example, the two upper bits (i.e., bits 8 and 7) of the 8-bit message type (bits 1 to 8) of a NAS message are currently used to indicate whether the message is a mobility management message or a session management message. For example, when the two upper bits are 01, it indicates that the message is a mobility management message, and when the two upper bits are 11, it indicates that the message is a session management message. The different values ​​of bits 6 to 1 are used to distinguish between messages such as registration requests, registration accepts, service requests, and service accepts. Therefore, an optional implementation of this embodiment is to add a new type of data plane management message to the two upper bits. For example, the two upper bits can use a value other than 10 and 11 to indicate a data plane management message. For example, when the two upper bits are 10 or 00, it indicates that the message is a data plane management message. Similarly, different messages for data plane management can be further distinguished by different values ​​of bits 6 to 1, for example, messages for data transmission configuration, data reporting configuration or data processing configuration, or messages for requesting to establish, modify or release data plane bearers.

[0155] This embodiment introduces a new type of NAS message (ie, data plane management message) to transmit at least one of data and control information on the data plane. In this way, it is relatively easy to determine that the first NAS message is a data plane message based on the message type.

[0156] Optionally, the first NAS message is used to request establishment, modification or release of a data plane bearer, where the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0157] In this embodiment, the data plane bearer corresponding to the second protocol is established, modified, or released by sending a first NAS message based on the first protocol, which can more easily implement the management of the data plane bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0158] In some optional embodiments, the first NAS message may further include third information, and the third information may include at least one of the following: the type of data plane bearer, the functional node identifier for data transmission between the core network device and the UE, the data bearer identifier, the data transmission priority, and the Quality of Service (QoS) information.

[0159] Among them, the type of the above-mentioned data plane bearer can be one of a control bearer, a data bearer, a control and data bearer, or the type of the above-mentioned data plane bearer can be one of a bearer terminated at the second function of the receiving node (i.e., the function supporting the second protocol), a bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, or the type of the above-mentioned data plane bearer can include one of a control bearer, a data bearer, a control and data bearer, and one of a bearer terminated at the second function of the receiving node, a bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node.

[0160] Accordingly, upon receiving the first NAS message, the receiving node may send a data plane bearer establishment response to the sending node, including an acceptance or rejection indication. Optionally, the data plane bearer establishment response may further include at least one of a data bearer identifier, a QoS flow identifier, a bearer type, and security information (e.g., whether encryption or integrity protection is enabled).

[0161] Optionally, the fifth indication information in the first NAS message is used to indicate a request to establish, modify or release a data plane PDU session;

[0162] Alternatively, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane PDU session;

[0163] The data plane bearer is the data plane PDU session.

[0164] Exemplarily, when the above-mentioned first NAS message is a mobility management message or a session management message, the fifth indication information carried in the first NAS message is used to indicate a request to establish, modify or release a data plane PDU session; when the above-mentioned first NAS message is to introduce a new NAS message type (i.e., a data plane management message), the message type of the first NAS message can be a data plane PDU session.

[0165] In some optional embodiments, the data plane bearer can be defined as a PDU session, and the PDU session establishment (Establishment) / modification (Modification) / release (Release) process is used to establish, modify, and release the data plane bearer. Exemplarily, a data plane bearer establishment process based on the PDU session establishment (Establishment) / modification (Modification) / release (Release) process may include the following steps:

[0166] Step b1, the UE sends a NAS message to the AMF. In addition to including single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI), UE requested data network name (UE Requested DNN), PDU session identifier (PDU Session ID), request type (Request type), old PDU session identifier (Old PDU Session ID), N1 session management container (SM container) (PDU Session Establishment Request, port management information container (Port Management Information Container)), the NAS message may also include data plane bearer indication information (i.e., fifth indication information), indicating that the requested PDU session is used for data plane transmission. Or the content of the extended request type field includes a data plane PDU session (data plane PDU session), thereby indicating that the PDU session established / modified / released is for data plane transmission.

[0167] Step b2: The AMF selects an appropriate SMF (e.g., an SMF that supports data plane transmission QoS management) based on the data plane bearer indication information. The AMF forwards the N1SM container message to the determined SMF.

[0168] Step b3: SMF establishes / modifies / releases the PDU session according to the received message and sends a response message to AMF, for example, sending a PDU session establishment accept message to AMF.

[0169] Step b4: The AMF sends an N2PDU Session Request, including N2SM information and a NAS message. The NAS message includes PDU Session ID, N1SM container (PDU session establishment request), CN assisted RAN parameters tuning, etc.

[0170] Step b5: The access network device determines whether it is necessary to send signaling to the UE based on the received SMF message. If the existing data radio bearer (DRB) meets the requirements, then no signaling is required. If a data radio bearer needs to be added or modified, then the corresponding RRC signaling is sent to the UE.

[0171] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, and the first NAS message also includes at least one data plane bearer to be activated; the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0172] Exemplarily, the first data packet may include a list of data plane bearers to be activated, for example, a list of data plane sessions to be activated (list of DP sessions to be activated).

[0173] Optionally, the first protocol is used by default to transmit control information of the data plane.

[0174] In this embodiment, the first protocol is used by default to transmit the control information of the data plane, so there is no need to indicate the type of the first protocol, or the type of the first protocol can only be indicated as one of a bearer terminated by the first function of the receiving node, a bearer forwarded by the first function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the first function of the receiving node, wherein the first function of the receiving node is a function that supports the first protocol, that is, it indicates the processing behavior of the first function of the receiving node on the data transmitted based on the first protocol.

[0175] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the sending node sending the first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol includes:

[0176] The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node on a first bearer based on the second protocol, where the first bearer is a data plane bearer.

[0177] In this embodiment, the data packets of the second protocol are transmitted on the data plane bearer. The first bearer can be any data plane bearer.

[0178] Optionally, the type of the data plane bearer includes at least one of a first type and a second type;

[0179] The first type includes one of the following: a control bearer, a data bearer, or a control and data bearer;

[0180] The second type includes one of the following: a bearer terminated by the second function of the receiving node, a bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node;

[0181] The second function supports the second protocol.

[0182] In one embodiment, data plane bearers may be classified according to the type of data they carry, namely, into control bearers, data bearers, and control and data bearers. In this case, the type of the data plane bearer is the first type, where the first type is one of the control bearer, data bearer, or control and data bearer.

[0183] The control bearer is used to transmit control information of the data plane, including data collection and coordination configuration, data transmission configuration, data reporting configuration, and data processing configuration.

[0184] The above-mentioned data bearer is used to transmit data on the data plane, including the required collected data (for example, SON, MDT, Quality of Experience (QoE), L2 measurement data, etc.), perception data, AI training data, AI model data and calculation data, etc.

[0185] The above control and data bearers are used to transmit both control information on the data plane and data on the data plane.

[0186] In another embodiment, data plane bearers can be classified based on the processing behavior of the second function of the receiving node on the data plane bearer, that is, they can be classified into bearers terminated by the second function of the receiving node, bearers forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and bearers processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node. In this case, the type of the data plane bearer is the second type, where the second type is one of the bearers terminated by the second function of the receiving node, bearers forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and bearers processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node.

[0187] The bearer terminated by the second function of the receiving node, i.e., the data transmission on the bearer terminated by the second function of the receiving node, can be used to transmit data plane control information, including data collection and coordination configuration, data transmission configuration, data reporting configuration, and data processing configuration.

[0188] The bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, that is, the second function of the receiving node forwards the data on the bearer after receiving it, and the forwarded data is transparent to the second function of the receiving node. Exemplarily, the bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node can be used to transmit data on the data plane, including data to be collected (for example, SON, MDT, QoE, L2 measurement data, etc.), perception data, AI training data, AI model data, and calculation data, etc.

[0189] The above-mentioned bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, that is, the second function of the receiving node processes part or all of the data on the bearer (for example, desensitizing, de-redundancy, filtering, analysis, etc.), and then forwards the processed data.

[0190] In another embodiment, the data plane bearers can be classified using the two aforementioned classification methods, that is, the data plane bearers are classified both according to the type of data carried by the data plane bearers and according to the processing behavior of the second function of the receiving node on the data plane bearers. In this case, the data plane bearer types include a first type and a second type, the first type being one of the aforementioned control bearer, data bearer, or control and data bearer, and the second type being one of the aforementioned bearers terminated by the second function of the receiving node, bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, or bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node.

[0191] Optionally, the data plane bearer type defaults to data bearer.

[0192] In this embodiment, the type of the above-mentioned data plane bearer is a data bearer by default, that is, the above-mentioned data plane bearer is used for transmission of data on the data plane by default.

[0193] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0194] The sending node sends the first message on the second bearer based on the second protocol;

[0195] The first message is used to request establishment of the first bearer, and the second bearer is an established data plane bearer.

[0196] In this embodiment, a new data plane bearer (ie, the first bearer) may be established based on the established data plane bearer (ie, the second bearer), which may improve the flexibility of establishing the data plane bearer.

[0197] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0198] The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including at least one of the following:

[0199] In a case where it is determined that the data is not to be transmitted through the data plane bearer, the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the first protocol;

[0200] In a case where it is determined to transmit data through the data plane bearer, the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0201] Exemplarily, when the sending node is a terminal and the receiving node is a core network device, the sending node may determine whether to transmit data through a data plane bearer based on the configuration information sent by the receiving node, wherein the configuration information may be configuration information for a first data packet or configuration information for all data packets of a target service, etc. For example, when the configuration information sent by the receiving node does not include an identifier of a data plane bearer, the sending node determines not to transmit data through a data plane bearer. In this case, the sending node may send the first data packet to the receiving node based on the first protocol; when the configuration information sent by the receiving node includes an identifier of a data plane bearer, the sending node determines to transmit data through a data plane bearer. In this case, the sending node may send the first data packet to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0202] In this embodiment, when it is determined that data is not transmitted through the data plane bearer, the sending node sends the first data packet to the receiving node based on the first protocol; when it is determined that data is transmitted through the data plane bearer, the sending node sends the first data packet to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol, which can ensure that the transmission of the first data packet can be achieved under different circumstances.

[0203] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0204] Before the sending node sends the first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, the method further includes:

[0205] The sending node receives first configuration information based on the first protocol, where the first configuration information includes an identifier of a data plane bearer;

[0206] The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including:

[0207] The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0208] In this embodiment, before sending the first data packet, the sending node receives first configuration information based on the first protocol, and the above-mentioned first configuration information at least includes an identifier of the data plane bearer, and then the first data packet can be sent based on at least one data plane bearer indicated by the identifier of the data plane bearer.

[0209] It can be understood that when multiple data plane bearers have been established between the sending node and the receiving node, the identifier of the above-mentioned data plane bearer can be used to indicate at least one data plane bearer among the above-mentioned multiple data plane bearers, and then the sending node can send a first data packet to the receiving node based on the second protocol on at least one data plane bearer indicated by the identifier of the above-mentioned data plane bearer.

[0210] Optionally, the data on the data plane includes at least one of the following: positioning data, perception data, computing data, artificial intelligence (AI) data, measurement data, user contract data, and context data.

[0211] In this embodiment, the measurement data may include but is not limited to at least one of the following: layer 1 measurement data, layer 2 measurement data (e.g., packet delay), and layer 3 measurement data (e.g., MDT / QoE, etc.).

[0212] The above context data may include but is not limited to at least one of the following: UE context on the radio access network side, UE context on the AMF side, and N4 session context.

[0213] The above-mentioned perception data may include perception control information and perception measurement quantities. An optional classification method is to classify the perception measurement quantities into the following four categories (this embodiment focuses on explaining the measurement quantities, and can also be classified into three categories or unclassified, etc., and the four categories are only for illustration). Based on the relationship between the perception measurement quantities and the perception services, the following third-level measurement quantities and fourth-level measurement quantities are generally also referred to as perception results, and the following second-level measurement quantities and / or first-level measurement quantities are also referred to as perception measurement data.

[0214] First-level measurement quantities: i.e., received signal / original channel information, including: received signal / channel response complex results, amplitude / phase, I / Q channels, and their operation results (operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; matrix transposition; trigonometric operations; square root operations; and power operations, as well as threshold detection results and maximum / minimum value extraction results from these operations; operations also include Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) / Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) / Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), 2D-FFT, 3D-FFT, matched filtering, autocorrelation operations, wavelet transforms, and digital filtering, as well as threshold detection results and maximum / minimum value extraction results from these operations);

[0215] Second-level measurement quantities: basic measurement quantities, including delay, Doppler, angle, signal strength, and their multi-dimensional combination representation;

[0216] Level 3 measurement: basic attributes / states, including distance, speed, angle / direction, radar cross-section (RCS), acceleration, etc.

[0217] Level 4 measurement: Advanced attributes / states, including: spatial position, target presence, trajectory, movement, expression, vital signs, quantity, imaging results, weather, air quality, shape, material, composition, etc.

[0218] Optionally, one of the sending node and the receiving node is a terminal, and the other is a core network device.

[0219] Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a flowchart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method can be performed by a network-side device, as shown in FIG. 7 , including the following steps:

[0220] Step 701: A receiving node receives a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol.

[0221] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0222] Optionally, the first data packet further includes first information, where the first information includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0223] The first data packet is terminated at a target function of the receiving node;

[0224] forwarding the first data packet to a target function at the receiving node;

[0225] The first data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0226] The target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0227] Optionally, the first information further includes at least one of the following:

[0228] forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet;

[0229] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the first data packet.

[0230] Optionally, when the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, the first data packet further includes second information, where the second information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0231] The second data packet terminates at a target function at the receiving node;

[0232] forwarding the second data packet to the target function at the receiving node;

[0233] The second data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0234] The second data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane, and the target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0235] Optionally, the second information further includes at least one of the following:

[0236] forwarding node information corresponding to the second data packet;

[0237] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the second data packet.

[0238] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the receiving node receives the first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including:

[0239] The receiving node receives a first protocol data unit (PDU) from the sending node based on the NAS protocol, where the first PDU is a PDU generated based on the first protocol;

[0240] The receiving node delivers the first PDU to a first function of the receiving node based on the NAS protocol, where the first function supports the first protocol.

[0241] Optionally, the header of the first PDU includes third indication information, and the third indication information is used to indicate the first function of delivering the service data unit SDU of the first PDU to the receiving node.

[0242] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the receiving node receives the first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including:

[0243] The receiving node receives a second PDU from the sending node based on the access network protocol layer, where the second PDU is a PDU generated based on the second protocol;

[0244] The receiving node delivers the second PDU to a second function of the receiving node based on the access network protocol layer, where the second function supports the second protocol.

[0245] Optionally, the header of the second PDU includes fourth indication information, and the fourth indication information is used to indicate the second function of delivering the SDU of the second PDU to the receiving node.

[0246] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the receiving node receives the first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including:

[0247] The receiving node receives a first NAS message from the sending node based on the first protocol, where the first NAS message includes the first data packet.

[0248] Optionally, the first NAS message includes fifth indication information, where the fifth indication information is used to indicate that the first NAS message is a data plane message.

[0249] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a mobility management message or a session management message.

[0250] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane management message.

[0251] Optionally, the first NAS message is used to request establishment, modification or release of a data plane bearer, where the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0252] Optionally, the fifth indication information in the first NAS message is used to indicate a request to establish, modify or release a data plane PDU session;

[0253] Alternatively, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane PDU session;

[0254] The data plane bearer is the data plane PDU session.

[0255] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, and the first NAS message also includes at least one data plane bearer to be activated; the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0256] Optionally, the first protocol is used by default to transmit control information of the data plane.

[0257] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the receiving node receives the first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including:

[0258] The receiving node receives a first data packet sent by the sending node on a first bearer based on the second protocol, where the first bearer is a data plane bearer.

[0259] Optionally, the type of the data plane bearer includes at least one of a first type and a second type;

[0260] The first type includes one of the following: a control bearer, a data bearer, or a control and data bearer;

[0261] The second type includes one of the following: a bearer terminated by the second function of the receiving node, a bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node;

[0262] The second function supports the second protocol.

[0263] Optionally, the data plane bearer type defaults to data bearer.

[0264] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0265] The receiving node receives the first message on the second bearer based on the second protocol;

[0266] The first message is used to request establishment of the first bearer, and the second bearer is an established data plane bearer.

[0267] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0268] The receiving node receives a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol, including at least one of the following:

[0269] In a case where it is determined that the data is not to be transmitted through the data plane bearer, the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the first protocol;

[0270] In a case where it is determined that the data is transmitted through the data plane bearer, the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0271] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0272] Before the receiving node receives the first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, the method further includes:

[0273] The receiving node receives first configuration information based on the first protocol, where the first configuration information includes an identifier of a data plane bearer;

[0274] The receiving node receives a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol, including:

[0275] The receiving node receives the first data packet sent by the sending node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0276] Optionally, the data on the data plane includes at least one of the following: positioning data, perception data, computing data, artificial intelligence (AI) data, measurement data, user contract data, and context data.

[0277] Optionally, one of the sending node and the receiving node is a terminal, and the other is a core network device.

[0278] It should be noted that the implementation of this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the embodiment shown in Figure 4, and will not be repeated here.

[0279] The following examples illustrate the embodiments of the present application:

[0280] It should be noted that the data involved in the embodiments of the present application may include perception data, QoE, MDT, SON, AI training data, AI models and computing data, etc. The following examples are explained using perception data as an example. Among them, there are two modes for the collection and transmission of perception data. The first mode is that the data required for perception is collected and coordinated by the data plane function (such as the first function) and transmitted based on the data plane bearer. This can support the reuse of UE measurement data when there are multiple perception services that can use the same perception measurement data, or when the communication service can use the same measurement data as the perception service (for example, the geographic location information reported by the UE can be reused in positioning, perception and AI), and avoid repeated measurements and repeated reporting by the UE; the second mode is that the data required for perception is transmitted via the data plane bearer without the need for data collection and coordination by the first function.

[0281] Example 1: The data provision function is the UE, the data plane control function is the core network function, the data plane control function coordinates data collection, and the data transmission is terminated at the core network function.

[0282] This example uses the first mode of sensing data collection and transmission as an example. For the first mode of sensing data collection and transmission, it is assumed that the radio access network node and / or the core network sensing function (SF) has determined the UE to receive the sensing signal and perform the measurement, and the determined UE supports the data plane.

[0283] The data plane control function determines the data to be collected based on multiple data requirements, such as perception, positioning, and NWDAF, and determines whether to transmit the data over a data plane bearer. If data transmission is determined to be over a data plane bearer, the core network function sends a message to the UE to establish the data plane bearer. For example, the core network function may send a message to the UE to establish the data plane bearer based on a first protocol. The method for establishing the data plane bearer can refer to the relevant description of the aforementioned embodiment. Because the data is coordinated by the data plane control function, the data plane bearer can be a data bearer terminated by the core network data function. In this case, the core network data function can store all received data and extract the data required by the corresponding perception function before sending it to the core network perception function. Alternatively, the data plane bearer can be a data bearer processed and forwarded by the core network data function. In this case, the core network data function can filter and perform other processing on multiple perception measurement data at different times / locations to generate a smaller amount of perception measurement data and / or higher-precision perception measurement data, and then forward the processed data to the core network perception function. For example, in this example, the protocol stacks of the UE, RAN, and CN can be as shown in Figure 8.

[0284] If it is determined that data transmission is not to be performed based on the data plane bearer, then the first protocol is used to transmit both data plane control information and data on the data plane.

[0285] Specifically, the core network device may send a data collection request (or referred to as data collection configuration or measurement configuration, etc.) to the UE based on the first protocol, where the data collection request is determined by the data plane control function. The data collection request may include at least one of the following:

[0286] A measurement object specifies what to measure; optionally, the measurement object may also include a cell-specific offset, blacklisted cells to be ignored, and whitelisted cells to be considered for measurement.

[0287] Reporting Configuration, which specifies how reporting should be done, which can be periodic or event-triggered;

[0288] The Measurement ID is used to identify how to report the measurement value of a specific object; a measurement object can have multiple reporting configurations, and a reporting configuration can be applied to multiple measurement objects. Each measurement object is associated with a reporting configuration using a unique ID. When the UE sends a MeasurementReport message, the MeasurementReport message contains an ID and related metrics (i.e., the measurement results of each measurement quantity);

[0289] The measurement interval (Measurement Gap) is used to indicate the period in which the UE can perform measurements, etc.

[0290] Among them, the ID of the data plane bearer can be configured in the reporting configuration. The UE reports the perception data based on the data plane bearer according to the configured data plane bearer ID. After the core network data function receives the data on the above data plane bearer, it forwards the data to the core network perception function according to the type of data plane bearer.

[0291] Example 2: The data provision function is the UE, the data plane control function is the core network function, and the data transmission is terminated at the core network function.

[0292] This example uses the second mode of collecting and transmitting perception data as an example. For the second mode of collecting and transmitting perception data, it is assumed that the radio access network node and / or the core network perception function has determined the UE to receive the perception signal and perform the measurement, and the determined UE supports the data plane.

[0293] The data plane control function receives the perception configuration information. For example, the data plane control function receives the perception configuration information from the core network perception function and may forward the perception configuration information to the perception service function of the UE based on the first protocol. The perception configuration information includes target indication information for indicating that the first protocol forwards the perception configuration information and the perception configuration information that needs to be transparently forwarded by the first protocol (if the perception configuration information is to prevent parsing by the first protocol, the above-mentioned perception configuration information may be transmitted in an encrypted manner). Optionally, the SDU of the perception configuration information includes a perception service function ID or information that can be used to determine an appropriate perception service function. The perception service function ID is used by the core network data function to forward the received data to the indicated perception service function according to the perception service function ID. The above-mentioned information used to determine the appropriate perception service function may be a perception service type (such as rainfall monitoring, speed measurement, etc.), geographic location information, etc. The wireless access network node determines the appropriate perception service function based on the obtained perception service type, geographic location information, load information of the perception service function, etc., and forwards the received data to the determined perception service function.

[0294] The data plane control function determines whether to transmit data based on a data plane bearer. If the data plane bearer is determined to be used, the core network function sends a message to the UE to establish the data plane bearer. For example, the core network function may send a message to the UE to establish the data plane bearer based on the first protocol. The method for establishing the data plane bearer can refer to the relevant description of the aforementioned embodiment. Because the data is ultimately transmitted to the core network perception function, the data plane bearer type is either a data bearer forwarded by the core network data function or a data bearer forwarded after processing by the core network data function. For the latter, the core network data function may perform filtering and other processing on multiple perception measurement data at different times / locations to generate a smaller amount of perception measurement data and / or more accurate perception measurement data, and then forward the processed data to the core network perception function. For example, in this example, the protocol stacks of the UE, RAN, and CN may be as shown in Figure 9. The core network data function, core network perception function, and core network AI function may utilize a service-based interface solution that supports efficient data transmission (such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or Kafka).

[0295] If it is determined that data transmission is not to be performed based on the data plane bearer, then the first protocol is used to transmit both data plane control information and data on the data plane.

[0296] It should be noted that there are two ways to configure UE reporting. One way is that the data plane control function configures the ID of the data plane bearer in the SDU of the perception configuration information forwarded based on the first protocol, so that the UE reports perception data based on the data plane bearer according to the configured data plane bearer ID, and the core network data function forwards the data to the core network perception function according to the type of the data plane bearer after receiving the data on the data plane bearer. Another way is that the core network device (for example, the data plane control function) sends a data collection request to the UE based on the first protocol, wherein the data collection request includes at least the ID of the data plane bearer. In this way, the UE can also report perception data based on the data plane bearer according to the configured data plane bearer ID, and the core network data function forwards the data to the core network perception function according to the type of the data plane bearer after receiving the data on the data plane bearer.

[0297] Example 3: The data provision function is the UE, the data plane control function is the radio access network node, and the data transmission is terminated at the radio access network node.

[0298] The main difference between this example and Example 1 or Example 2 is that if the required data needs to be sent to the radio access network node via the core network data function, it is generally indicated that part of the information obtained in the data is suitable for acquisition by the radio access network node (such as the UE persistent identifier, location information, etc.). Therefore, this embodiment focuses on the core network data function's need to pre-process the data, thereby deleting or converting information that is not suitable for acquisition by the RAN. For example, the UE persistent identifier is converted into a random temporary identifier. The perception data collection process of this example can be found in the relevant description of Example 1 or Example 2 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0299] If it is determined that data transmission is performed based on the data plane bearer, the core network function sends a message to the UE to establish the data plane bearer. For example, the core network function may send a message to the UE to establish the data plane bearer based on the first protocol, wherein the method for establishing the data plane bearer may refer to the relevant description of the aforementioned embodiment. Because the data is ultimately transmitted to the radio access network perception function, the type of data plane bearer is forwarded after being processed by the core network data function. The core network data function processes the data according to the information obtained and sends the processed data to the radio access network node. Exemplarily, in this example, the protocol stacks of the UE, RAN, and CN may be as shown in FIG10, wherein, in FIG10, the RAN node on the left side of the core network function that transparently transmits the second protocol data and the RAN node on the right side of the core network function that receives the required data may be different nodes.

[0300] It should be noted that the interface between the access network node and the core network AMF in the 5G protocol is called the N2 interface, and the interface between the access network node and the core network UPF is called the N3 interface. The Nx involved in the above figure represents the interface between the access network node and the core network data function, and NxAP represents the application protocol of the Nx interface, which is used to support Nx interface management and data plane message interaction.

[0301] In summary, the embodiments of the present application introduce at least one of a first protocol and a second protocol between the UE and the CN. The first protocol is based on the NAS protocol, and the second protocol is based on the access network protocol layer (for example, the 6G-AN protocol layer), or the second protocol is based on the transport protocol layer and the access network protocol layer. NAS data control containers (such as NAS-DC) and data plane bearers are introduced. For the NAS data control container, the first indication information in the SDU of the NAS data control container indicates whether the data packet is control information or control information and data; and indicates how the data packet is processed at the receiving node. For the data plane bearer, the type of data plane bearer can be indicated in the configuration information added to the data plane bearer. If the data plane bearer is a data bearer by default, and the processing methods for different data are flexible and changeable, then the first indication information in the SDU of the data plane bearer can also indicate how the data packet is processed at the receiving node. The type of data plane bearer can be divided into control, data, or control and data based on whether the data carried is control or data. Optionally, the first protocol is used by default to transmit data plane control information, and the data plane bearer is by default a data bearer. From the perspective of the core network data function, the bearer processing function / method can be divided into termination at the receiving node, forwarding at the receiving node, and forwarding after processing at the receiving node.

[0302] In addition, the solution provided in the embodiment of the present application supports the separation of control and data. The solution can provide a unified bearer to support the transmission of control and data according to the data collection requirements and the data transmission requirements within the mobile network, and can also provide different types of bearers to support the transmission of control and data separation. Moreover, the solution can also support the transmission of the transmitted data to be terminated at the core network data function node as needed, or forwarded through the core network data function, or forwarded after being processed by the core network data function. At the same time, the solution supports both data collection and transmission based on data collection collaboration, and data collection and transmission based on non-data plane function decisions. Therefore, the solution can meet a variety of potential data collection and data transmission requirements within the mobile network between UE and CN.

[0303] It should be noted that the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed by a data transmission device, or a control module in the data transmission device for executing the data transmission method. In the embodiments of the present application, the data transmission device provided in the embodiments of the present application is described by taking the data transmission method executed by the data transmission device as an example.

[0304] Please refer to FIG11 , which is a structural diagram of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The data transmission device is applied to a sending node. As shown in FIG11 , the data transmission device 1100 includes:

[0305] A first sending module 1101 is configured to send a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol;

[0306] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0307] Optionally, the first data packet further includes first information, where the first information includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0308] The first data packet is terminated at a target function of the receiving node;

[0309] forwarding the first data packet to a target function at the receiving node;

[0310] The first data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0311] The target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0312] Optionally, the first information further includes at least one of the following:

[0313] forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet;

[0314] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the first data packet.

[0315] Optionally, when the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, the first data packet further includes second information, where the second information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0316] The second data packet terminates at a target function at the receiving node;

[0317] forwarding the second data packet to the target function at the receiving node;

[0318] The second data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0319] The second data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane, and the target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0320] Optionally, the second information further includes at least one of the following:

[0321] forwarding node information corresponding to the second data packet;

[0322] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the second data packet.

[0323] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the first sending module is specifically configured to:

[0324] generating a first protocol data unit (PDU) of the data plane based on the first protocol;

[0325] The first PDU is sent to a receiving node based on the NAS protocol.

[0326] Optionally, the header of the first PDU includes third indication information, and the third indication information is used to indicate that the service data unit SDU of the first PDU is delivered to the first function of the receiving node, and the first function supports the first protocol.

[0327] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the first sending module is specifically configured to:

[0328] generating a second PDU of the data plane based on the second protocol;

[0329] The second PDU is sent to a receiving node based on the access network protocol layer.

[0330] Optionally, the header of the second PDU includes fourth indication information, and the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the SDU of the second PDU is to be delivered to the second function of the receiving node, and the second function supports the second protocol.

[0331] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the first sending module is specifically configured to:

[0332] A first NAS message is sent to a receiving node based on the first protocol, where the first NAS message includes the first data packet.

[0333] Optionally, the first NAS message includes fifth indication information, where the fifth indication information is used to indicate that the first NAS message is a data plane message.

[0334] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a mobility management message or a session management message.

[0335] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane management message.

[0336] Optionally, the first NAS message is used to request establishment, modification or release of a data plane bearer, and the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0337] Optionally, the fifth indication information in the first NAS message is used to indicate a request to establish, modify or release a data plane PDU session;

[0338] Alternatively, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane PDU session;

[0339] The data plane bearer is the data plane PDU session.

[0340] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, and the first NAS message also includes at least one data plane bearer to be activated; the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0341] Optionally, the first protocol is used by default to transmit control information of the data plane.

[0342] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the first sending module is specifically configured to:

[0343] A first data packet is sent to a receiving node on a first bearer based on the second protocol, where the first bearer is a data plane bearer.

[0344] Optionally, the type of the data plane bearer includes at least one of a first type and a second type;

[0345] The first type includes one of the following: a control bearer, a data bearer, or a control and data bearer;

[0346] The second type includes one of the following: a bearer terminated by the second function of the receiving node, a bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node;

[0347] The second function supports the second protocol.

[0348] Optionally, the type of the data plane bearer is data bearer by default.

[0349] Optionally, the first sending module is further configured to: send the first message on the second bearer based on the second protocol;

[0350] The first message is used to request establishment of the first bearer, and the second bearer is an established data plane bearer.

[0351] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0352] The first sending module is specifically configured to do at least one of the following:

[0353] When it is determined that the data is not to be transmitted through the data plane bearer, sending a first data packet to the receiving node based on the first protocol;

[0354] In a case where it is determined that the data is transmitted through the data plane bearer, a first data packet is sent to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0355] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0356] The device further comprises:

[0357] A receiving module, configured to receive first configuration information based on the first protocol before sending the first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, wherein the first configuration information includes an identifier of the data plane bearer;

[0358] The first sending module is specifically configured to: the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0359] Optionally, the data on the data plane includes at least one of the following: positioning data, perception data, computing data, artificial intelligence (AI) data, measurement data, user contract data, and context data.

[0360] Optionally, one of the sending node and the receiving node is a terminal, and the other is a core network device.

[0361] The data transmission device in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or a network-side device, or can be a device other than a terminal or a network-side device. For example, the terminal can include but is not limited to the types of terminals 11 listed above, the network-side device can include but is not limited to the types of network-side devices 12 listed above, and other devices can be servers, network attached storage (NAS), etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0362] The data transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented in the method embodiment of Figure 4 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0363] Please refer to FIG. 12 , which is a structural diagram of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The data transmission device is applied to a receiving node. As shown in FIG. 12 , the data transmission device 1200 includes:

[0364] A first receiving module 1201 is configured to receive a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol;

[0365] The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0366] Optionally, the first data packet further includes first information, where the first information includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0367] The first data packet is terminated at a target function of the receiving node;

[0368] forwarding the first data packet to a target function at the receiving node;

[0369] The first data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0370] The target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0371] Optionally, the first information further includes at least one of the following:

[0372] forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet;

[0373] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the first data packet.

[0374] Optionally, when the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, the first data packet further includes second information, where the second information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate one of the following:

[0375] The second data packet terminates at a target function at the receiving node;

[0376] forwarding the second data packet to the target function at the receiving node;

[0377] The second data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node;

[0378] The second data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane, and the target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

[0379] Optionally, the second information further includes at least one of the following:

[0380] forwarding node information corresponding to the second data packet;

[0381] Forwarding routing information corresponding to the second data packet.

[0382] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the first receiving module is specifically configured to:

[0383] receiving a first protocol data unit (PDU) from a sending node based on the NAS protocol, where the first PDU is a PDU generated based on the first protocol;

[0384] The first PDU is delivered to a first function of the receiving node based on the NAS protocol, and the first function supports the first protocol.

[0385] Optionally, the header of the first PDU includes third indication information, and the third indication information is used to indicate that the service data unit SDU of the first PDU is delivered to the first function of the receiving node, and the first function supports the first protocol.

[0386] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the first receiving module is specifically configured to:

[0387] receiving a second PDU from the sending node based on the access network protocol layer, where the second PDU is a PDU generated based on the second protocol;

[0388] The second PDU is delivered to a second function of the receiving node based on the access network protocol layer, and the second function supports the second protocol.

[0389] Optionally, the header of the second PDU includes fourth indication information, and the fourth indication information is used to indicate the second function of delivering the SDU of the second PDU to the receiving node.

[0390] Optionally, the target protocol includes the first protocol, and the first receiving module is specifically configured to:

[0391] A first NAS message is received from the sending node based on the first protocol, where the first NAS message includes the first data packet.

[0392] Optionally, the first NAS message includes fifth indication information, where the fifth indication information is used to indicate that the first NAS message is a data plane message.

[0393] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a mobility management message or a session management message.

[0394] Optionally, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane management message.

[0395] Optionally, the first NAS message is used to request establishment, modification or release of a data plane bearer, and the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0396] Optionally, the fifth indication information in the first NAS message is used to indicate a request to establish, modify or release a data plane PDU session;

[0397] Alternatively, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane PDU session;

[0398] The data plane bearer is the data plane PDU session.

[0399] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, and the first NAS message also includes at least one data plane bearer to be activated; the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

[0400] Optionally, the first protocol is used by default to transmit control information of the data plane.

[0401] Optionally, the target protocol includes the second protocol, and the first receiving module is specifically configured to:

[0402] A first data packet sent by the sending node is received on a first bearer based on the second protocol, where the first bearer is a data plane bearer.

[0403] Optionally, the type of the data plane bearer includes at least one of a first type and a second type;

[0404] The first type includes one of the following: a control bearer, a data bearer, or a control and data bearer;

[0405] The second type includes one of the following: a bearer terminated by the second function of the receiving node, a bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node;

[0406] The second function supports the second protocol.

[0407] Optionally, the type of the data plane bearer is data bearer by default.

[0408] Optionally, the first receiving module is further configured to:

[0409] receiving a first message on a second bearer based on the second protocol;

[0410] The first message is used to request establishment of the first bearer, and the second bearer is an established data plane bearer.

[0411] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0412] The first receiving module is specifically configured to:

[0413] In a case where it is determined that the data is not to be transmitted through the data plane bearer, receiving a first data packet from the sending node based on the first protocol;

[0414] In a case where it is determined that the data is transmitted through the data plane bearer, a first data packet is received from a sending node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0415] Optionally, the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane;

[0416] The device further comprises:

[0417] A second sending module, configured to send first configuration information based on the first protocol before receiving the first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, where the first configuration information includes an identifier of the data plane bearer;

[0418] The first receiving module is specifically configured to receive a first data packet sent by the sending node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

[0419] Optionally, the data on the data plane includes at least one of the following: positioning data, perception data, computing data, artificial intelligence (AI) data, measurement data, user contract data, and context data.

[0420] Optionally, one of the sending node and the receiving node is a terminal, and the other is a core network device.

[0421] The data transmission device in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or a network-side device, or can be a device other than a terminal or a network-side device. For example, the terminal can include but is not limited to the types of terminals 11 listed above, the network-side device can include but is not limited to the types of network-side devices 12 listed above, and other devices can be servers, network attached storage (NAS), etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0422] The data transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented in the method embodiment of Figure 7 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0423] Optionally, as shown in FIG13 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 1300, comprising a processor 1301 and a memory 1302, wherein the memory 1302 stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor 1301. For example, when the communication device 1300 is a sending node, the program or instruction is executed by the processor 1301 to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned sending node side data transmission method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 1300 is a receiving node, the program or instruction is executed by the processor 1301 to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned receiving node side data transmission method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they are not described here.

[0424] An embodiment of the present application also provides a sending node, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to send a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol; wherein the target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above the non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above the access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane. This sending node embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned sending node side method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the above-mentioned method embodiment can be applied to this sending node embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. Specifically, Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a sending node that implements an embodiment of the present application.

[0425] The sending node 1400 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 1401, a network module 1402, an audio output unit 1403, an input unit 1404, a sensor 1405, a display unit 1406, a user input unit 1407, an interface unit 1408, a memory 1409 and at least some of the components of the processor 1410.

[0426] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the sending node 1400 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 1410 via a power management system, thereby enabling the power management system to manage charging, discharging, and power consumption. The sending node structure shown in FIG14 does not limit the sending node. The sending node may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently, which will not be described in detail here.

[0427] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the input unit 1404 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 14041 and a microphone 14042, and the graphics processor 14041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 1406 may include a display panel 14061, and the display panel 14061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 1407 includes a touch panel 14071 and at least one of other input devices 14072. The touch panel 14071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 14071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 14072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and an operating stick, which will not be repeated here.

[0428] In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving downlink data from a network-side device, the radio frequency unit 1401 may transmit the data to the processor 1410 for processing. Furthermore, the radio frequency unit 1401 may send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 1401 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like.

[0429] The memory 1409 can be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 1409 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, applications or instructions required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.). In addition, the memory 1409 may include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 1409 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0430] Processor 1410 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, processor 1410 integrates an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 1410.

[0431] The radio frequency unit 1401 is used to send a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol; the target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above the non-access layer NAS protocol, and the second protocol is located above the access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

[0432] It can be understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the aforementioned method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0433] An embodiment of the present application also provides a receiving node, comprising a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being configured to receive a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol; wherein the target protocol comprises at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol being located above a non-access stratum (NAS) protocol, the second protocol being located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet comprising at least one of a data packet generated based on control information on the data plane and a data packet generated based on data on the data plane. This receiving node embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned receiving node method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the above-mentioned method embodiment are applicable to this receiving node embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0434] Specifically, an embodiment of the present application further provides a receiving node. As shown in FIG15 , the receiving node 1500 includes a processor 1501, a network interface 1502, and a memory 1503. The network interface 1502 is, for example, a common public radio interface (CPRI).

[0435] Specifically, the receiving node 1500 of an embodiment of the present application also includes: instructions or programs stored in the memory 1503 and executable on the processor 1501. The processor 1501 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 1503 to execute the method of execution of each module shown in Figure 12 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0436] An embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned data transmission method embodiment are implemented and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0437] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0438] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned data transmission method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0439] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0440] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium. The computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned data transmission method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0441] An embodiment of the present application also provides a data transmission system, including: a terminal and a network-side device, wherein the terminal is used to execute the various processes as shown in Figure 4 and the various method embodiments described above, and the network-side device is used to execute the various processes as shown in Figure 7 and the various method embodiments described above, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0442] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0443] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of a computer software product plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0444] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms of implementation methods without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims. These implementation methods are all within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, comprising: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol; The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first data packet further includes first information, the first information includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate one of the following: The first data packet is terminated at a target function of the receiving node; The first data packet is forwarded to a target function at the receiving node; The first data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node; The target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The first information also includes at least one of the following: forwarding node information corresponding to the first data packet; Forwarding routing information corresponding to the first data packet.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: In the case where the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, the first data packet further includes second information, the second information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate one of the following: The second data packet is terminated at the target function of the receiving node; forwarding the second data packet to the target function at the receiving node; The second data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node; The second data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane, and the target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The second information also includes at least one of the following: forwarding node information corresponding to the second data packet; Forwarding routing information corresponding to the second data packet.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The target protocol includes the first protocol, and the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including: The sending node generates a first protocol data unit PDU of the data plane based on the first protocol; The sending node sends the first PDU to the receiving node based on the NAS protocol.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The header of the first PDU includes third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate that a service data unit SDU of the first PDU is to be delivered to a first function of the receiving node, where the first function supports the first protocol.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The target protocol includes the second protocol, and the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including: The sending node generates a second PDU of the data plane based on the second protocol; The sending node sends the second PDU to the receiving node based on the access network protocol layer.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The header of the second PDU includes fourth indication information, where the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the SDU of the second PDU is to be delivered to a second function of the receiving node, where the second function supports the second protocol.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The target protocol includes the first protocol, and the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including: The sending node sends a first NAS message to the receiving node based on the first protocol, where the first NAS message includes the first data packet.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The first NAS message includes fifth indication information, where the fifth indication information is used to indicate that the first NAS message is a data plane message.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The message type of the first NAS message is a mobility management message or a session management message.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The message type of the first NAS message is a data plane management message.

14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein: The first NAS message is used to request to establish, modify or release a data plane bearer, and the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The fifth indication information in the first NAS message is used to indicate a request to establish, modify or release a data plane PDU session; Alternatively, the message type of the first NAS message is a data plane PDU session; The data plane bearer is the data plane PDU session.

16. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein: The first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, and the first NAS message also includes at least one data plane bearer to be activated; the data plane bearer is a bearer corresponding to the second protocol.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein: The first protocol is used by default to transmit control information of the data plane.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein: The target protocol includes the second protocol, and the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node on a first bearer based on the second protocol, where the first bearer is a data plane bearer.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein: The type of the data plane bearer includes at least one of a first type and a second type; The first type includes one of the following: a control bearer, a data bearer, a control and data bearer; The second type includes one of the following: a bearer terminated by the second function of the receiving node, a bearer forwarded by the second function of the receiving node, and a bearer processed and forwarded by the second function of the receiving node; The second function supports the second protocol.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein: The type of the data plane bearer is data bearer by default.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein: The method further comprises: The sending node sends a first message on a second bearer based on the second protocol; The first message is used to request establishment of the first bearer, and the second bearer is an established data plane bearer.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein: The first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane; The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including at least one of the following: In a case where it is determined that the data is not to be transmitted through the data plane bearer, the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the first protocol; In a case where it is determined to transmit data through the data plane bearer, the sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein: The first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane; Before the sending node sends the first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, the method further includes: The sending node receives first configuration information based on the first protocol, where the first configuration information includes an identifier of a data plane bearer; The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node based on the target protocol, including: The sending node sends a first data packet to the receiving node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein: The data on the data plane includes at least one of the following: positioning data, perception data, computing data, artificial intelligence (AI) data, measurement data, user contract data, and context data.

25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein: One of the sending node and the receiving node is a terminal, and the other is a core network device.

26. A data transmission method, comprising: The receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol; The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein: The first data packet further includes first information, the first information includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate one of the following: The first data packet is terminated at a target function of the receiving node; The first data packet is forwarded to a target function at the receiving node; The first data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node; The target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

28. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 27, wherein: In the case where the first data packet is a data packet generated according to the control information of the data plane, the first data packet further includes second information, the second information includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate one of the following: The second data packet is terminated at the target function of the receiving node; forwarding the second data packet to the target function at the receiving node; The second data packet is forwarded after being processed by the target function of the receiving node; The second data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane, and the target function is a function in the receiving node that supports the target protocol.

29. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein: The target protocol includes the first protocol, and the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including: The receiving node receives a first protocol data unit PDU from the sending node based on the NAS protocol, where the first PDU is a PDU generated based on the first protocol; The receiving node delivers the first PDU to a first function of the receiving node based on the NAS protocol, and the first function supports the first protocol.

30. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 29, wherein: The target protocol includes the second protocol, and the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including: The receiving node receives a second PDU from the sending node based on the access network protocol layer, where the second PDU is a PDU generated based on the second protocol; The receiving node delivers the second PDU to a second function of the receiving node based on the access network protocol layer, and the second function supports the second protocol.

31. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein: The target protocol includes the first protocol, and the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including: The receiving node receives a first NAS message from the sending node based on the first protocol, where the first NAS message includes the first data packet.

32. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 31, wherein: The first protocol is used by default to transmit control information of the data plane.

33. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 32, wherein: The target protocol includes the second protocol, and the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, including: The receiving node receives a first data packet sent by the sending node on a first bearer based on the second protocol, where the first bearer is a data plane bearer.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein: The type of the data plane bearer is data bearer by default.

35. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 34, wherein: The method further comprises: The receiving node receives a first message on a second bearer based on the second protocol; The first message is used to request establishment of the first bearer, and the second bearer is an established data plane bearer.

36. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 35, wherein: The first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane; The receiving node receives a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol, including at least one of the following: In a case where it is determined that the data is not to be transmitted through the data plane bearer, the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node based on the first protocol; In a case where it is determined to transmit data through the data plane bearer, the receiving node receives a first data packet from the sending node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

37. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 35, wherein: The first data packet is a data packet generated according to the data on the data plane; Before the receiving node receives the first data packet from the sending node based on the target protocol, the method further includes: The receiving node sends first configuration information based on the first protocol, where the first configuration information includes an identifier of a data plane bearer; The receiving node receives a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol, including: The receiving node receives a first data packet sent by the sending node on the data plane bearer based on the second protocol.

38. A data transmission device, comprising: A first sending module, configured to send a first data packet to a receiving node based on a target protocol; The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

39. A data transmission device, comprising: A first receiving module, configured to receive a first data packet from a sending node based on a target protocol; The target protocol includes at least one of a first protocol on the data plane and a second protocol on the data plane, the first protocol is located above a non-access layer NAS protocol, the second protocol is located above an access network protocol layer, and the first data packet includes at least one of a data packet generated according to control information on the data plane and a data packet generated according to data on the data plane.

40. A sending node, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be executed on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 25 are implemented.

41. A receiving node, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the data transmission method according to any one of claims 26 to 37 are implemented.

42. A readable storage medium storing a program or instruction, wherein the program or instruction, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, or implements the steps of the data transmission method according to any one of claims 26 to 37.

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