Pyrazole based inhibitors of LDH and their use in immune and inflammatory diseases
Substituted pyrazolyl compounds serve as effective LDHA inhibitors, addressing the need for novel treatments for autoimmune diseases and metabolic disorders by targeting the glycolytic pathway and inhibiting LDHA activity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/103960
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-07-13
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-16
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and diseases associated with altered cellular metabolism lack effective LDHA inhibitors, highlighting a need for novel LDHA inhibitors that can target these conditions.
The use of substituted pyrazolyl compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts as LDHA inhibitors to prevent or treat immune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and fibrosis diseases.
The substituted pyrazolyl compounds effectively inhibit LDHA activity, providing a therapeutic approach to mitigate immune-related diseases and metabolic disorders by targeting the glycolytic pathway.
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Abstract
Description
Pyrazole based inhibitors of LDH and their use in immune and inflammatory diseasesTechnical FieldThe present disclosure relates to a method of preventing or treating an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease, comprising administering to a person a therapeutically effective amount of a substituted pyrazolyl compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a substituted pyrazolyl compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in preventing or treating an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease; or a use of a substituted pyrazolyl compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for use in preventing or treating an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease.BackgroundLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an important enzyme of the glucose metabolism. It belongs to the class of oxidoreductases and functions to catalyze the reversible conversion of lactate to pyruvate with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH and vice versa. LDH is a tetrameric protein composed of the products of the LDH enzyme A (LDHA) (subunit M) and enzyme B (LDHB) (subunit H) genes. The tetrameric combination of these gene products generates 5 LDH complexes with different combinations of subunits depending on the cell type. All LDH isoforms catalyze the last step of the glycolytic pathway, converting pyruvate to lactate while regenerating NAD+ from NADH. This reaction is important for maintaining the redox balance and facilitating the production of ATP through glycolysis.Lactate dehydrogenase inhibition has been considered as a therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Cancer cells exhibit metabolic characteristics that are different from normal cells. The metabolic trait is termed as the Warburg Effect, which relies on the biochemical reaction conducted by LDH. Cancer cells prefer glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to regenerate NAD+ and produce essential cellular building blocks, such as amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides that are needed to support rapid cell growth. While aerobic glycolysis is an inefficient way to generate ATP in comparison with oxidative phosphorylation, it generates cytoplasmic ATP rapidly. Many non-cancer cells use a combination of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis to achieve the metabolic plasticity that is needed to serve their biological functions. The preference of cancer cells for aerobic glycolysis and the enzymes in glycolysis have long been recognized as potential targets for the selective killing of cancer cells. Cancer cells overexpress many glycolytic enzymes, including LDHA and LDHB.LDHA inhibition can also be an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases are regularly caused by the antibodies generated from B cells, the over-activation of T cells, and other dysregulated pro-inflammatory immune cells such as NK cells and macrophages. Among the different immune cells, the adaptive immune cells (T or B cells) are known to play an important role in the autoimmune disease. Effector T cells are conversed from the Naive T cells, and can be further divided into CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Th1 cells, Th17 cells, etc. The activation of these effector T cells has been found in many different types of autoimmune diseases. For example, the CD8+ T cells have long been found to play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) . They infiltrate the synovium and release inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic molecules to promote the disease progression. The Th17 cells have also been found to be overexpressed in many autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease etc. The IL17, which is a cytokine secreted by Th17 cells, can further induce the expression of chemokines, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) , and antimicrobial peptides in target cells and worsen the disease. LDHA plays an important role when the Naive T cells are converted into effector T cells. The process is accompanied by the conversion of metabolic patterns from the oxidative phosphorylation to the aerobic glycolysis to support the proliferation, differentiation, and immune effects of T cells. Furthermore, the glycolytic pathway can produce different amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides required for cell growth and proliferation to support T cell proliferation. Therefore, the role of LDHA in immune cells can be crucial for mitigating immune-related diseases.Antigen stimulation of T cells induces glucose uptake in association with enhanced effector function. Using a genetic model of LDHA deficiency, it was found that glycolysis is indispensable for T effector (Teff) cells to mount their immune response in the context of autoimmune diseases. An important function of LDHA is to amplify glycolysis-associated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production to fuel phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling that in turn promotes LDHA expression, constituting a positive feedback loop to reinforce T cell immunity. PI3K signaling pathway is a critical kinase to integrate multiple upstream immune activation signals from T cell receptor (TCR) , co-stimulatory receptor CD28, and cytokine receptor CD25. Glycolytic ATP preferentially supports PI3K signaling in Teff cells, while ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation fuels PI3K signaling inT (Tn) cells. Such differential bioenergetics requirements can be consequent to the remodeling of the mitochondrion network in Teff cells, which may spare it as an energy house for glucose anabolism including generation of acetyl-CoA in support of cytokine expression.Diminished glycolytic ATP production in LDHA-deficient Teff cells impairs PI3K. LDHA-mediate aerobic glycolysis plays a more important bioenergetics role than the ETC-enabled glucose metabolism in T cell regulation for the following reasons: 1) Quick NAD+ / NADH balance: LDHA regenerates NAD+ that can be directly utilized by GADPH that catalyzes the up-stream rate-limiting step of glycolysis; while cytosolic NAD+regeneration via ETC is a multistep process: NADH is shuttled in via electron shuttle systems followed by NAD+oxidation through the entire ETC (complex I -> ubiquinone -> complex III -> cytochrome C -> complex IV ->O2); 2) Fast carbon disposal: LDHA converts pyruvate to lactate that is readily exported outside of cells, representing an efficient pathway of carbon removal. In contrast, the ETC-assisted carbon removal in the form of CO2 is through three mitochondrial oxidative reactions that convert a) pyruvate to acetyl-CoA; b) isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate; and c) alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA; 3) Direct ATP accessibility: Glycolysis produces ATP in the cytoplasm that is the same compartment in which PI3K / Akt / Foxo1 signaling takes place. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation-associated ATP generation takes place in mitochondrial matrix, which needs be exported to support cytosolic reactions.In addition to its effect in bioenergetic reprogramming of immune cells, LDH plays an important epigenetic role in cells of the immune system. In normal conditions, glucose is largely metabolized through LDHA-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Small portion of glucose is metabolized through the TCA cycle in mitochondria. Glucose first becomes pyruvate and converted into citrate and isocitrate. Since LDH mediated aerobic glycolysis can quickly generate large amount of cytoplasmic ATP to fuel necessary cellular activities, oxidative phosphorylation-mediated ATP generation is no longer active and more TCA intermediates like isocitrate gets exported back into cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic isocitrate is converted to acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate. The cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA is the co-factor for protein acetylation, an important post-translation modification that has great influence of epigenetic regulation and protein function. With LDH-mediated aerobic glycolysis, cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA can be sufficiently generated and support proper epigenetic regulation and gene expression.When LDH is deleted or inhibited, the LDHA-mediated ATP generation significantly decreases, forcing large amount of glucose carbon to be metabolized through the TCA cycle in mitochondria. The glucose carbon must go through the complete TCA cycle and provide NADH to support ATP generation from oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, significantly fewer isocitrate molecules get exported into cytoplasm. Thus, the cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA cannot be sufficiently generated to fulfill proper protein acetylation, especially histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) modification. The acetylation of H3K9 is an important epigenetic marker for permission of gene translation. Therefore, with the decreased acetylated H3K9 level, the gene transcription is hindered. It was found that genes (Ifng, Il-4, Il-17a, Tnf-a, etc. ) associated with specific T cell linages (such as CD4 Th1, CD4 Th2, CD4 Th17, CD8 CTL, etc. ) are sensitive to the drop of acetyl-CoA level caused by LDH deficiency. In LDH deficient T cells, the expression of these important pro-inflammatory cytokines is largely suppressed. The present inventors have surprisingly found that targeting LDH can be useful in the context of inflammatory associated diseases, such as autoimmune diseases.Furthermore, the glycolytic pathway can produce different amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides required for cell growth and proliferation to support T cell proliferation. Therefore, the role of LDHA in immune cells is crucial for mitigating immune-related diseases.The present inventors have surprisingly found that many metabolic diseases with dysregulated roots in glycolysis and associated pathways (TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism) can be treated with LDHA inhibitor. Therefore, LDHA inhibition can be considered as a potential treatment of autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and diseases that are associated with altered cellular metabolism.Various substituted pyrazolyl compounds for use in inhibiting lactase dehydrogenase activity and for the treatment of one or more symptoms of hyperoxaluria, including primary hyperoxaluria and stone formation in the kidney and urinary tract were disclosed. See WO2021234543A1 and WO2021234547A1. In addition, substituted pyrazolyl compounds, which inhibit lactase dehydrogenase activity and could be used for treating cancer, have also been disclosed. See J. Med. Chem. 63 (19) , 10984-11011 (2020) , J. Med. Chem., 60 (22) , 9184-9204 (2017) , Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 41, Article 127974 (2021) , WO2016109559A2, and WO2018005807A1.However, use of LDHA inhibitors in autoimmune disease and many other representative diseases, which may relate to LDHA activity, has not been reported. There is a need not only for developing novel LDHA inhibitors, but also for investigating more diseases, which could be treated by known and novel LDHA inhibitors.Summary of the Present DisclosureThe present disclosure provides a method of preventing or treating (e.g. reducing symptoms of) an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease, comprising administering to a person a therapeutically effective amount of a substituted pyrazolyl compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a substituted pyrazolyl compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in preventing or treating an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease; and a use of a substituted pyrazolyl compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for use in preventing or treating an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease.One objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula I and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating an immune disorder including those diseases, syndrome, disorders or conditions that have an immune component and those that are substantially or entirely immune system-mediated,whereinX is hydrogen or a halogen;Y is hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl;Z is selected from -COOH, -CONH2, -CONH (CN) , -CONHSO2CH3, -CONH (OH) , -COCF3, -CH (OH) CF3, -CH2OH, and -B (OH) 2;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups, and -L-Q, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;L is selected from C2-C4 alkynylene groups, an ethylenylene group, a cyclopropylene group, and a cyclobutylene group, andQ is selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted four to six-membered heterocycle having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, -NR5C (O) R4, and -C (O) NR5R6, wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;R4 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl, andR5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C5 alkyl groups, wherein R5 and R6 optionally form a ring, and wherein R4 and R5 optionally form a ring;R10 is (cyclopropyl) C0-C4 alkyl, in which cyclopropyl is optionally substituted with methyl or cyclopropyl or fused to a cyclopropyl group in spiro orientation, or R10 is C1-C4 alkyl substituted with cyclopropyl. Heterocycle may be a saturated, partially unsaturated or unsaturated (aromatic) cycle containing carbon atoms and heteroatom (s) . Heterocycle may be a saturated heterocycle, such as four to six-membered saturated heterocycle, or a heteroaryl group, such as five to six-membered heteroaryl.A second objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula I and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating an inflammatory condition including diseases or conditions having an inflammatory component, for example, inflammatory disease in which autoimmune reactions are implicated or having an autoimmune component or etiology.A third objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula I and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating a fibrosis disease, such as cardiac fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, liver fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, bone marrow fibrosis, lung fibrosis, and skin fibrosis.A fourth objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula I-a and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating an immune disorder including those diseases, syndrome, disorders or conditions that have an immune component and those that are substantially or entirely immune system-mediated.R’ is selected fromsubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl groups;A is selected from a halomethyl group, O and S;R1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, methyl, and trifluoromethyl;each R” is independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; andeach substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl. Representative compounds of Formula I-a have R’ selected from, for example, A fifth objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula I-a and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating an inflammatory condition including diseases or conditions having an inflammatory component, for example, inflammatory disease in which autoimmune reactions are implicated or having an autoimmune component or etiology.A sixth objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula I-a and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating a fibrosis disease.A seventh objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula III and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating an immune disorder including those diseases, syndrome, disorders or conditions that have an immune component and those that are substantially or entirely immune system-mediated.whereinn is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups;X is hydrogen or a halogen.An eighth objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula III and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating an inflammatory condition including diseases or conditions having an inflammatory component, for example, inflammatory disease in which autoimmune reactions are implicated or having an autoimmune component or etiology.A ninth objective of the present disclosure is to provide a compound of Formula III and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in preventing or treating a fibrosis disease.The present disclosure also provides a method for preventing or treating an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease in a person in need thereof, by administering a compound of Formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and / or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.The present disclosure further provides a method for preventing or treating an immune disorder, an inflammatory condition, or a fibrosis disease in a person in need thereof, by administering a compound of Formula I-a, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.The present disclosure also provides a method of preventing or treating an immune disorder, autoimmune disorder or an inflammatory condition in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of an LDH inhibitor.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFig. 1 shows the Clinical Score of EAE Disease model using the compounds disclosed herein.Fig. 2 shows the Pathological Score of Spinal Cord using the compounds disclosed herein.Fig. 3 shows the Timeline of Test in Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation Model according to the present disclosure.Fig. 4 shows the Plasma IL-1β Level results for the compounds disclosed herein.Fig. 5 shows the Plasma IFNγ Level results for the compounds disclosed herein.Fig. 6 shows the Score of GvHD Model for the compounds disclosed herein.Fig. 7 shows Auc Value of GvHD Model Scores for the compounds disclosed herein.Fig. 8 shows the Pathology Score of Intestine after HE Staining.Fig. 9 shows the Pathology Score of Skin after HE Staining.Fig. 10 shows the Timeline for the allergic asthma model.Detailed Description of the Present DisclosureDefinitionsIt is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the claims.Unless otherwise described, the following terms and phrases used herein are intended to have the following meanings. A specific term or phrase without being specifically defined should be understood by the plain meaning thereof rather than being regarded as uncertain or unclear. A brand name presented herein is intended to refer to a corresponding commercial product or the active component thereof.The compounds of the disclosure may exist in stereoisomeric forms (enantiomers, diastereomers) . The present disclosure therefore relates both to the enantiomers or diastereomers and to respective mixtures thereof. These enantiomer and diastereomer mixtures can be separated in a known manner into the stereoisomerically pure constituents.As used herein, the term "a" "an" "the" and similar terms used in the context of the present disclosure (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by the context.The term "alkyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups with certain number of carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Nonlimiting examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.The term “cycloalkyl” refers to refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from saturated and partially unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups, comprising monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) groups. For example, the cycloalkyl group may be of 3-12, or 3-8, or 3-6, or 3-4, or 5-6 carbon atoms. Even further for example, the cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic group of 3-12, or 3-8, or 3-6 carbon atoms. Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, and cyclododecyl groups. Examples of the bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those having 7-12 ring atoms arranged as a bicycle ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems, or as a bridged bicyclic ring selected from bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, and bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane. The ring may be saturated or have at least one double bond (i.e. partially unsaturated) , but is not fully conjugated, and is not aromatic, as aromatic is defined herein.Unless otherwise specified, the term "halo" or "halogen" itself or as a part of another substituent refers to a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. In addition, the term "haloalkyl" is intended to include monohaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl. Examples of haloalkyl include but are not limited to: trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and pentachloroethyl.The term "alkoxy" represents an alkyl group as described above with a specific number of carbon atoms which is connected by an oxygen bridge. The C1-C6 alkoxy includes C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 alkoxy. Examples of alkoxy include but not limited to: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy and S-pentyloxy.As used herein, the term "substituted" refers to any one or more hydrogen atoms on a specific atom being optionally replaced by a substituent, including a deuterium and a variant of hydrogen, as long as the valence state of the specific atom is normal and the substituted compound is stable. When the substituent is a keto group (i.e. =O) , it means that two hydrogen atoms are replaced. A substitution of keto group will not occur on an aryl.The term "optionally substituted" means that it may be substituted or not be substituted, unless otherwise specified, the type and number of substituents can be arbitrary under the premise of being chemically feasible. When any parameter (e.g. R) occurs more than once in the composition or structure of the compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent. Therefore, for example, if a group is substituted by 0-2 of R, the group may optionally be substituted by at most two Rs, and R has an independent option at each occurrence. In addition, a combination of substituents and / or their variants is allowed only if such a combination will lead to a stable compound.Unless otherwise specified, the term “C1-C6 haloalkoxy group” is a C1-C6 haloalkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. C1-C6 haloalkoxy group is, for example, OCH2F, OCHF2, OCF3, OCH2Cl, OCHCl2, OCCl3, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-iodoethoxy, 2, 2-difluoroethoxy, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2, 2-difluoroethoxy, 2, 2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxy, OC2F5, 2-fluoropropoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 2, 2-difluoropropoxy, 2, 3-difluoropropoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2, 3-dichloropropoxy, 2-bromopropoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropoxy, 3, 3, 3-trichloropropoxy, OCH2-C2F5, OCF2-C2F5, 1- (CH2F) -2-fluoroethoxy, 1- (CH2Cl) -2-chloroethoxy, 1- (CH2Br) -2-bromoethoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4-bromobutoxy, nonafluorobutoxy, 5-fluoropentoxy, 5-chloropentoxy, 5-brompentoxy, 5-iodopentoxy, undecafluoropentoxy, 6-fluorohexoxy, 6-chlorohexoxy, 6-bromohexoxy, 6-iodohexoxy or dodecafluorohexoxy.Unless otherwise specified, the term "hetero" refers to a heteroatom or a heteroatom group (i.e. a group containing a heteroatom) , including atoms other than carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) and groups containing these heteroatoms, for example, including oxygen (O) , nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) , silicon (Si) , germanium (Ge) , aluminum (Al) , boron (B) , -O-, -S-, =O, =S, -C (=O) O-, -C (=O) -, -C (=S) -, -S (=O) , -S (=O) 2, and optionally substituted -C (=O) N (H) -, -N (H) -, -C (=NH) -, -S (=O) 2N (H) -or -S (=O) N (H) -.“Alkylene” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking two groups in a molecule, which may be saturated or unsaturated (i.e., contains one or more double and / or triple bonds) , and have from one to twelve carbon atoms, preferably one to eight carbon atoms (C1-C8 alkylene) or one to six carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkylene) , e.g., methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, ethenylene, propenylene, n-butenylene, propynylene, n-butynylene, and the like. The alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single or double bond. The points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule may be through one carbon, e.g., methylene, or any two carbons within the chain, e.g., -CH2CH (CH3) CH2CH2-. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkylene chain is optionally substituted.“Alkenylene” is a divalent hydrocarbon chain and is an unsaturated alkylene, as defined herein, which comprises one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, for example, -CH=CH-. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenylene is optionally substituted.“Alkynylene” is an unsaturated alkylene, as defined herein, which comprises one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds, for example, Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynylene is optionally substituted.The term “aryl” herein refers to a group selected from: 5-and 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic rings, for example, phenyl; bicyclic ring systems such as 7-12 membered bicyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, selected, for example, from naphthalene, indane, and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline; and tricyclic ring systems such as 10-15 membered tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, for example, fluorene.The term “heteroaryl” herein refers to a group selected from 5-to 10-membered aromatic rings containing carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring heteroatom (s) independently selected from the group consisting of N, O and S. In some embodiments, “heteroaryl” refers to a group selected from 5-or 6-membered aromatic rings containing carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring heteroatom (s) independently selected from the group consisting of N, O and S.Unless otherwise specified, the term "heterocyclic group" or "heterocyclyl" or “heterocycle” refers to a stable monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic group containing a heteroatom or heteroatom group, which can be saturated, partially unsaturated or unsaturated (aromatic) , and contains carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring heteroatom (s) independently selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, wherein any of the above heterocycle can be fused to a benzene ring to form a bicyclic ring. Nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms can be optionally oxidized (i.e., NO and S (O) p) . The nitrogen atom can be substituted or unsubstituted (i.e. N or NR, wherein R is H or other substituent defined herein) . The heterocycle can be attached to a side group of any heteroatom or carbon atom to form a stable structure. If the formed compound is stable, the heterocyclic group described herein can be substituted on its carbon or nitrogen atom. The nitrogen atom in the heterocycle is optionally quaternized. As a preferred embodiment, when the total number of S and O atoms contained in the heterocycle exceeds 1, these heteroatoms are not adjacent to each other. As another preferred embodiment, the total number of S and O atoms in the heterocycle is no more than 1. As used herein, the term "aromatic heterocyclic group" or "heteroaryl" refers to a stable aromatic ring of a 5-, 6-, 7-membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl, which contains carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O and S. The nitrogen atom can be substituted or unsubstituted (i.e. N or NR, wherein R is H or other substituents defined herein) . Nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms can be optionally oxidized (i.e., NO and S (O) p) . It is worth noting that the total number of S and O atoms on the heteroaromatic ring is no more than 1. Bridge rings are also included in the definition of the heterocycle. When one or more atoms (i.e. C, O, N, or S) are connected to two nonadjacent carbon atoms or nitrogen atoms, a bridged ring is formed. The preferred bridge ring includes but is not limited to: one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom, two nitrogen atoms and one carbon-nitrogen group. It is worth noting that a bridge always converts a monocyclic ring into a tricyclic ring. In the bridge ring, the substituent on the ring can also locate on the bridge.Examples of heterocyclic group include but are not limited to: acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzomercaptofuranyl, benzomercaptophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoxazolinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzotetrazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoimidazolinyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromene, cinnolinyl decahydroquinolyl, 2H, 6H-1, 5, 2-dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro [2, 3-b]tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indazolyl, indoalkenyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, 3H-indolyl, isatino group, isobenzofuranyl, isoindolyl, isoindolinyl isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 3-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 5-oxadiazolyl, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, hydroxyl indyl, pyrimidyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazine, phenothiazine, benzoxanthinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperidyl, piperidinonyl, 4-oxopiperidinyl, piperonyl, pteridyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolopyridine, pyridoimidazole, pyridothiazole, pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolyl , quinolyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, tetrazolyl, 6H-1, 2, 5-thiadiazinyl, 1, 2, 3-thiadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolyl, 1, 2, 5-thiadiazolyl, 1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazyl, isothiazolylthienyl, thienyl, thiophenoxazolyl, thiophenothiazolyl, thiophenoimidazolyl, triazinyl, 1, 2, 3-triazolyl, 1, 2, 4-triazolyl, 1, 2, 5-triazolyl, 1, 3, 4-triazolyl and xanthenyl. Fused and spiro cyclic groups are also included.The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" as used herein is directed to those compounds, materials, compositions and / or formulations which are within the scope of reliable medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with human and animal tissues but without too much toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions or other problems or complications, and also commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to a salt of the compound disclosed herein, which is prepared from the compound with specific substituents disclosed herein and a relatively non-toxic acid or alkali. When the compound disclosed herein contains a relatively acidic functional group, an alkali-addition salt can be obtained by contacting the compound in a neutral form with a sufficient amount of alkali in a pure solution or suitable inert solvent. The pharmaceutically acceptable alkali-addition salt includes, for example, the salt of sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, organic ammine or magnesium or the like. When the compound disclosed herein contains a relatively alkaline functional group, an acid-addition salt can be obtained by contacting the compound in a neutral form with a sufficient amount of acid in a pure solution or suitable inert solvent. Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salt include a salt of an inorganic acid, wherein the inorganic acid includes, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, bicarbonate, phosphoric acid, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, sulfuric acid, bisulfate, hydriodic acid, phosphorous acid; and a salt of an organic acid, wherein the organic acid includes, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, benzoic acid, succinic acid, suberic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, phthalic acid, phenylsulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, methylsulfonic acid and the like; and also includes a salt of an amino acid (e.g. arginine etc. ) , and salts of organic acids such as glucuronic acid and the like (see Berge et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts, " Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 66: 1-19 (1977) ) . Some specific compounds disclosed herein contain both alkaline and acidic functional groups and thereby may be transformed to any of the alkali-addition or acid-addition salt.Further, the "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" used herein belongs to the derivatives of the compounds disclosed herein, wherein the compound disclosed herein is modified by salifying with an acid or an alkali. Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein include but are not limited to: an inorganic acid or organic acid salt of an alkali such as amine, alkali metal or an organic salt of an acid radical such as carboxylic acid. Further, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts disclosed herein include conventional non-toxic salts or quaternary ammonium salts of the compounds disclosed herein, such as a salt formed by a non-toxic inorganic acid or organic acid. The conventional non-toxic salt includes but is not limited to those salts derived from an inorganic acid and an organic acid, the inorganic acid or organic acid is selected, for example, from 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, 2-isethionic acid, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, phenylsulfonic acid, benzoic acid, bicarbonate, carbonic acid, citric acid, edetic acid, ethanedisulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptose, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydriodate, hydroxyl, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic acid, lactic acid, lactose, dodecanesulfonic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid, pamoic acid, pantothenic acid, phenylacetic acid, phosphoric acid, polygalacturonan, propionic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, folinic acid, succinic acid, aminosulfonic acid, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, sulphuric acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, and p-toluene sulfonic acid.The pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present disclosure can be prepared by a conventional chemical method using the compounds disclosed herein.The compounds disclosed herein and / or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be employed alone or in combination with at least one other therapeutic agent for treatment. The compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein may be administered with the at least one other therapeutic agent in a single dosage form or as a separate dosage form. When administered as a separate dosage form, the at least one other therapeutic agent may be administered prior to, at the same time as, or following administration of the compound and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein.The composition comprising the compound disclosed herein and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered in various known manners, such as orally, topically, rectally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, or via an implanted reservoir, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the particular host, and nature and severity of the conditions for which the active ingredient is being administered. The term “parenteral” as used herein includes subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. The compositions disclosed herein may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well known in the art.The compound disclosed herein and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets, troches, dragées, granules and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can further comprise at least one agent selected from coloring and flavoring agents to increase patient acceptance. In general, water, a suitable oil, saline, aqueous dextrose (glucose) , and related sugar solutions and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene gycols can be examples of suitable carriers for parenteral solutions.A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier disclosed herein is, for example, selected from carriers that are compatible with active ingredients of the composition (and in some embodiments, capable of stabilizing the active ingredients) and not deleterious to the subject to be treated. In some embodiments, solubilizing agents, such as cyclodextrins (which can form specific, more soluble complexes with the at least one compound and / or at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein) , can be utilized as pharmaceutical excipients for delivery of the active ingredients. Examples of other carriers include colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, and pigments such as D&C Yellow #10. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. Osol, a standard reference text in the art.As used herein, the term "effective amount" or "therapeutically effective amount" refers to a quantity of a compound disclosed herein or a composition comprising the compound that is sufficient to achieve desired effects without toxicity. For the oral formulation disclosed herein, "an effective amount" of the compound in the composition disclosed herein refers to the amount that is required to achieve desired effects in combination with another active substance, if any, in the composition. The determination of the therapeutically effective amount varies from person to person, and depends, for example, on the age and the general condition of a recipient. An appropriate therapeutically effective amount can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to conventional tests.As used herein, the term "treat, " "treating" or "treatment" of any disease or disorder refers inone embodiment, to ameliorating the disease or disorder (i.e., slowing or arresting or reducing the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof) . In another embodiment, "treat" , "treating" or "treatment" refers to alleviating or ameliorating at least one physical parameter including those which may not be discernible by the patient. In yet another embodiment, "treat" , "treating" or "treatment" refers to modulating the disease or disorder, either physically (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom) , physiologically (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter) , or both. In yet another embodiment, "treat" , "treating" or "treatment" refers to delaying the development or progression of the disease or disorder.As used herein, the terms “prevent, ” “preventing, ” and “prevention” refer to the prevention or inhibition of the development or onset of a disease or disorder.As used herein, a subject is "in need of " a treatment if such subject would be expected tobenefit biologically, medically or in quality of life from such treatment.As used herein, the term “Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor” refers to a compound with an inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of LDHA and / or LDHB. It can be a selective LDHA inhibitor, a selective LDHB inhibitor, or a dual specificity LDHA / LDHB inhibitor.As used herein, the term “immune disorders” include those diseases, syndrome, disorders or conditions that have an immune component and those that are substantially or entirely immune system-mediated. Autoimmune disorders are those wherein the animal's (including humans) own immune system mistakenly attacks itself, thereby targeting the cells, tissues, and / or organs of the animal's own body. Specific autoimmune disorders that may be ameliorated using the compounds and methods of this invention include without limitation, autoimmune disorders of the nervous system (e.g., multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune neuropathies such as Guillain-Barré, and autoimmune uveitis) , autoimmune disorders of the blood (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia) , autoimmune disorders of the blood vessels (e.g., temporal arteritis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, vasculitides such as Wegener's granulomatosis, and Behcet's disease) , autoimmune disorders of the skin (e.g., psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus vulgaris, and vitiligo) , autoimmune disorders of the gastrointestinal system (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and autoimmune hepatitis) , autoimmune disorders of the endocrine glands (e.g., Type 1 or immune-mediated diabetes mellitus, Grave's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune oophoritis and orchitis, and autoimmune disorder of the adrenal gland) ; and autoimmune disorders of multiple organs (including connective tissue and musculoskeletal system diseases) (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, spondyloarthropathies such as ankylosing spondylitis, and Sjogren's syndrome) . In addition, other immune system mediated diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease and allergic disorders, are also included in the definition of immune disorders herein. Because a number of immune disorders are caused by inflammation, there is some overlap between disorders that are considered immune disorders and inflammatory disorders. For the purpose of this disclosure, in the case of such an overlapping disorder, it may be considered either an immune disorder or an inflammatory disorder.As used herein, the term “allergic disorder” means a disease, condition or disorder associated with an allergic response against normally innocuous substances. These substances may be found in the environment (such as indoor air pollutants and aeroallergens) or they may be non-environmental (such as those causing dermatological or food allergies) . Allergens can enter the body through a number of routes, including by inhalation, ingestion, contact with the skin or injection (including by insect sting) . Many allergic disorders are linked to atopy, a predisposition to generate the allergic antibody IgE. Because IgE is able to sensitize mast-cells anywhere in the body, atopic individuals often express disease in more than one organ. For the purpose of this disclosure, allergic disorders include any hypersensitivity that occurs upon re-exposure to the sensitizing allergen, which in turn causes the release of inflammatory mediators. Allergic disorders include without limitation, allergic rhinitis (e.g., hay fever) , sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, chronic or recurrent otitis media, ocular allergy, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and vernal conjunctivitis, diseases affecting the nose including allergic rhinitis drug reactions, insect sting reactions, latex reactions, conjunctivitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergies.As used herein, the term “fibrosis” means the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process, in a pathological situation, as opposed to formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue. Fibrosis may be the result of chronic inflammatory reactions induced by a variety of stimuli including persistent infections, autoimmune reactions, allergic responses, chemical insults, radiation, and tissue injury. Scarring is confluent fibrosis that obliterates the architecture of the underlying organ or tissue. Different organs can be affected by fibrotic diseases, including: Pulmonary fibrosis (lungs) ; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (where the cause is unknown) , Cystic fibrosis (caused by genetic mutation of CFTR gene [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator] ) ; Cirrhosis (liver) ; Endomyocardial fibrosis (heart) ; Progressive kidney disease, Mediastinal fibrosis (soft tissue of the mediastinum) ; Myelofibrosis (bone marrow) , Retroperitoneal fibrosis (soft tissue of the retroperitoneum) ; Progressive massive fibrosis (lungs) ; a complication of coal workers' pneumoconiosis; Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (skin) , Crohn's Disease (intestine) ; Keloid (skin) ; Old myocardial infarction (heart) ; Scleroderma / systemic sclerosis (skin, lungs) ; Arthrofibrosis (knee, shoulder, other joints) ; and some forms of adhesive capsulitis (shoulder) .In some embodiments, a compound for use or method of the present disclosure has a structure of Formula I:In some embodiments, X is hydrogen or a halogen.In some embodiments, Y is hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl.In some embodiments, Z is selected from -COOH, -CONH2, -CONH (CN) , -CONHSO2CH3, -CONH (OH) , -COCF3, -CH (OH) CF3, -CH2OH, and -B (OH) 2.In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.In some embodiments, R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy.In some embodiments, R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups, and -L-Q, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;L is selected from C2-C4 alkynylene groups, an ethylenylene group, a cyclopropylene group, and a cyclobutylene group, andQ is selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted four to six-membered heterocycle having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, -NR5C (O) R4, and -C (O) NR5R6, wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;R4 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl, andR5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C5 alkyl groups, wherein R5 and R6 optionally form a ring, and wherein R4 and R5 optionally form a ring;R10 is (cyclopropyl) C0-C4 alkyl, in which cyclopropyl is optionally substituted with methyl or cyclopropyl or fused to a cyclopropyl group in spiro orientation, or R10 is C1-C4 alkyl substituted with cyclopropyl.In some embodiments, L isIn some embodiments, Q is a five-membered heteroaryl group selected from substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, and substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl.In some embodiments, Q is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, and substituted or unsubstituted four-membered heterocycle having one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S, wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl.In some embodiments, a compound for use of the present disclosure has a structure of Formula II:whereinR is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;X is hydrogen or a halogen;L isQ is a five-membered heteroaryl group selected from substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, and substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl; orwherein Q is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, and substituted or unsubstituted four-membered heterocycle having one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S, wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl.In some embodiments, R is each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, methyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and fluoromethyl.In some embodiments, a compound for use or method of the present disclosure has a structure of Formula I-a or Formula I-b:In some embodiments, R’ is selected fromsubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl group, each substituent of which is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl.In some embodiments, A is selected from a halomethyl group, O and S.In some embodiments, R1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, methyl, and trifluoromethyl.In some embodiments, each R” is independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy.In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.In some embodiments, a compound for use of the present disclosure has a structure of Formula III:whereinn is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups;X is hydrogen or a halogen.In some embodiments, a compound for use or method of the present disclosure is selected from:In some embodiments, an immune disorder of the present disclosure may be an autoimmune disorder occurred in various organs of a patient. Immune disorders include those diseases, syndrome, disorders or conditions that have an immune component and those that are substantially or entirely immune system-mediated. Autoimmune disorders are those wherein the animal's (including humans) own immune system mistakenly attacks itself, thereby targeting the cells, tissues, and / or organs of the animal's own body. For example, an immune disorder of the present disclosure can be selected from autoimmune disorders of the nervous system, autoimmune disorders of the blood, autoimmune disorders of the blood vessels, autoimmune disorders of the skin, autoimmune disorders of the gastrointestinal system, autoimmune disorders of the endocrine glands, autoimmune disorders of multiple organs including connective tissue and musculoskeletal system diseases, and other immune system mediated diseases such as graft-versus-host diseases and allergic disorders. Specifically, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the immune disorder can be, for example, a kidney disease selected from hyperoxaluria, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease and kidney stone disease; and wherein the hyperoxaluria is selected from primary hyperoxaluria type 1, primary hyperoxaluria type 2, primary hyperoxaluria type 3, and secondary hyperoxaluria.In some embodiments, representative autoimmune disorders of the nervous system can be selected from, but not limited to, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune neuropathies such as Guillain-Barré, and autoimmune uveitis.In some embodiments, representative autoimmune disorders of the blood can be selected from, but not limited to, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, pure red cell anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia.In some embodiments, representative autoimmune disorders of the blood vessels can be selected from, but not limited to, temporal arteritis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, vasculitides such as Wegener’s granulomatosis, and Behcet’s disease.In some embodiments, representative autoimmune disorders of the skin can be selected from, but not limited to, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, Steven-Johnson syndrome, psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus vulgaris, and vitiligo.In some embodiments, representative autoimmune disorders of the gastrointestinal system can be selected from, but not limited to, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic active hepatitis, idiopathic sprue, autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, and autoimmune hepatitis.In some embodiments, representative autoimmune disorders of the endocrine glands can be selected from, but not limited to, Type 1 or immune-mediated diabetes mellitus, Grave’s disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune oophoritis and orchitis, and autoimmune disorder of the adrenal gland.In some embodiments, representative autoimmune disorders of multiple organs can be selected from, but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, spondyloarthropathies selected from ankylosing spondylitis, polychondritis, celiac disease, periodontitis, hyaline membrane disease, glomerular disease, endocrine opthalmopathy, sarcoidosis, alveolitis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and Sjogren’s syndrome.In some embodiments, representative allergic disorders can be selected from, but not limited to, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, chronic or recurrent otitis media, ocular allergy, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and vernal conjunctivitis, diseases affecting the nose including allergic rhinitis drug reactions, insect sting reactions, latex reactions, conjunctivitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergies.In some embodiments, an inflammatory condition of the present disclosure may be any diseases or conditions having an inflammatory component, for example, inflammatory disease in which autoimmune reactions are implicated or having an autoimmune component or etiology. As used herein, an “inflammatory condition” may refer to a disease, disorder or condition characterized by inflammation of body tissue or having an inflammatory component. These include local inflammatory responses and systemic inflammation. For example, an inflammatory condition of the present disclosure can be selected from transplant rejection disease, chronic inflammatory conditions of the joints, inflammatory bowel diseases, inflammatory lung disorders, inflammatory disorders of the eye, chronic inflammatory conditions of the gums, inflammatory diseases of the kidney, inflammatory conditions of the skin, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, inflammatory diseases of the heart, a systemic inflammation of the body and other diseases with significant inflammatory components.In some embodiments, representative transplant rejection disease can be, but not limited to, skin graft rejection.In some embodiments, representative chronic inflammatory conditions of the joints can be selected from, but not limited to, arthritis, osteoarthritis and bone diseases associated with increased bone resorption.In some embodiments, representative inflammatory bowel diseases can be selected from, but not limited to, ileitis and Barrett's syndrome.In some embodiments, representative inflammatory lung disorders can be selected from, but not limited to, asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive airway disease.In some embodiments, representative inflammatory disorders of the eye can be selected from, but not limited to, corneal dystrophy, trachoma, onchocerciasis, uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmitis and endophthalmitis.In some embodiments, representative chronic inflammatory conditions of the gums eye can be selected from, but not limited to, gingivitis, periodontitis, tuberculosis, and leprosy.In some embodiments, representative inflammatory diseases of the kidney can be selected from, but not limited to, uremic complications, glomerulonephritis and nephrosis.In some embodiments, representative inflammatory conditions of the skin can be selected from, but not limited to, sclerodermatitis, psoriasis and eczema.In some embodiments, representative inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system can be selected from, but not limited to, chronic demyelinating diseases of the nervous system, multiple sclerosis, AIDS-related neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease, infectious meningitis, encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and viral encephalitis, autoimmune encephalitis, and immune-complex vasculitis.In some embodiments, representative inflammatory diseases of the heart can be selected from, but not limited to, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis.In some embodiments, representative systemic inflammation of the body can be selected from, but not limited to, a gram-positive shock, a gram-negative shock, a hemorrhagic shock, an anaphylactic shock, and shock induced by cancer chemotherapy in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines.In some embodiments, other representative diseases with significant inflammatory components can be selected from, but not limited to, preeclampsia, chronic liver failure, brain and spinal cord trauma, psoriatic arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, nephritis, vasculitis, diverticulitis, interstitial cystitis, glomerulonephritis (with and without nephrotic syndrome, e.g. including idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or minal change nephropathy) , chronic granulomatous disease, endometriosis, leptospiriosis renal disease, glaucoma, retinal disease, complex regional pain syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, musclewasting, catabolic disorders, obesity, fetal growth retardation, hyperchlolesterolemia, , chronic heart failure, mesothelioma, anhidrotic ecodermal dysplasia, incontinentia pigmenti, Paget's disease, pancreatitis, hereditary periodic fever syndrome, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, eosinophilia, hypersensitivities, anaphylaxis, nasal sinusitis, silica induced diseases, COPD (reduction of damage, airways inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, remodeling or disease progression) , cystic fibrosis, acid-induced lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, polyneuropathy, cataracts, muscle inflammation in conjunction with systemic sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, thyroiditis, Addison's disease, lichen planus, Type 1 diabetes, or Type 2 diabetes, appendicitis, blepharitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, bursitis, cervicitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, chronic graft rejection, colitis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, dacryoadenitis, dermatitis, dermatomyositis, encephalitis, endocarditis, endometritis, enteritis, enterocolitis, epicondylitis, epididymitis, fasciitis, fibrositis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hepatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, interstitial lung disease, laryngitis, mastitis, meningitis, myelitis myocarditis, myositis, nephritis, oophoritis, orchitis, osteitis, otitis, pancreatitis, parotitis, pericarditis, peritonitis, pharyngitis, pleuritis, phlebitis, pneumonitis, pneumonia, polymyositis, proctitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, rhinitis, salpingitis, sinusitis, stomatitis, synovitis, tendonitis, tonsillitis, uveitis, vaginitis, vasculitis, and vulvitis.In some embodiments, a fibrosis disease of the present disclosure can be selected from, but not limited to, for example, cardiac fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, liver fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, bone marrow fibrosis, lung fibrosis, and skin fibrosis.In some embodiments, representative cardiac fibrosis can be selected from, but not limited to, cardiac interstitial fibrosis, microscopic scar, perivascular fibrosis, and plexiform fibrosis.In some embodiments, representative kidney fibrosis can be selected from, but not limited to, glomerular fibrosis, renal interstitial fibrosis, and renal vascular fibrosis.In some embodiments, representative liver fibrosis can be selected from, but not limited to, virally induced hepatic cirrhosis selected from hepatitis C induced hepatic cirrhosis, NASH-induced liver fibrosis, and NAFLD-induced liver fibrosis.In some embodiments, representative bone marrow fibrosis can be selected from, but not limited to, primary myelofibrosis, and secondary myelofibrosis.In some embodiments, representative lung fibrosis can be selected from, but not limited to, giant cell interstitial pneumonia, sarcoidosis, respiratory distress syndrome, drug-induced lung fibrosis, granulomatosis, silicosis, and asbestosis.In some embodiments, the compound for use or method of the present disclosure is administered once daily, twice daily, or three times daily.In some embodiments, the compound for use or method of the present disclosure is administered in any suitable application forms, for example, in oral application forms such as tablets (non-coated and coated tablets, for example with an enteric coating) , capsules, sugar-coated tablets, granules, pellets, powders, emulsions, suspensions, solutions and aerosols; parental application forms such as injection or infusion preparations in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilisates and sterile powders.In some embodiments, the compound for use or method of the present disclosure can be administered through any suitable route, for example, oral routes, injection routes (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, or intrathecally) , nasal routes, nebulization routes, cutaneous routes, sublingual and buccal routes.ExamplesSynthesis Example 1 -Compound 002Reaction Scheme:Preparation of Intermediate 002-6: 4- (Bromomethyl) -2-fluoro-A, A-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) -benzenesulfonamide (002-6)Step 1: Preparation of 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamideA solution of 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (002-a, 50.0 g, 239.65 mmol, 1.0 eq) in NH4OH (500 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 h. This mixture was quenched with water (500 mL) and then extracted with EtOAc (2 × 500 mL) . The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford white solid (45.2 g, crude) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification.MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 190.0 [M+1] +, Rt=1.366 / 2min.Step 2: Preparation of 4- (bromomethyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamideTo a degassed solution of 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (002-b, 45.0 g, 237.83 mmol, 1.0 eq) in a mixture solvent of MeCN (500 mL) in perchloromethane (250 mL) was added NBS (55.03 g, 309.18 mmol, 1.3 eq) , 2, 2'-azo-bis (2-methyl propionitrile) (3.91 g, 23.78 mmol 0.1 eq) and the mixture was heated to 80 ℃ in an oil bath for 18 hours. This mixture was concentrated under reduced vacuum. The resulting oil was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 0 to 10%EtOAc in hexanes as a gradient to provide the title compound as a white crystalline solid (12 g, 19%yield) .1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 7.78 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.72 -7.64 (m, 2H) , 7.57 -7.51 (m, 1H) , 7.44 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.74 (s, 2H) .Preparation of Intermediate 002-8: ethyl 2-hydrazinylthiazole-4-carboxylate hydrobromideStep 1: Preparation of ethyl 2-hydrazinylthiazole-4-carboxylate hydrobromide (002-8)To a stirred solution of A- (carbamothioylamino) acetamide (002-c, 5.0 g, 37.54 mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH (50 mL) at 25 ℃ was added ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate (002-d, 4.72 mL, 37.54 mmol, 1.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 mins then heated to 80 ℃ and stirred for 2 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by trituration with MeOH / Et2O (1 / 6, v / v) to afford the title product as a yellow solid (8 g, 79%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 188.0 [M+1] +, Rt=0.630 / 2min.Preparation of Intermediate 002-10: 2-ethynyl-5-methylthiopheneStep 1: Preparation of trimethyl ( (5-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethynyl) silane (002-f)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 2-bromo-5-methylthiophene (002-e, 30 g, 169.42 mmol, 1.0 eq) , ethynyltrimethylsilane (36.18 mL, 254.14 mmol , 1.5 eq) , N, N-Diisopropylethylamine (112.29 mL, 677.70 mmol, 4.0 eq) , Pd (PPh3) 2Cl2 (3.95 g, 5.08 mmol, 0.03 eq) , CuI (3.23 g, 16.94 mmol, 0.1 eq) and N, N-Dimethylformamide (200 mL) . The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 minutes and stirred at 60 ℃for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with sat. aqueous NH4Cl solution, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with petroleum ether, to afford the title product as a yellow oil (28 g, 85%yield) .1HNMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.04 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.62 -6.59 (m, 1H) , 2.46 (s, 3H) , 0.24 (s, 9H) .Step 2: Preparation of 2-ethynyl-5-methylthiophene (002-10)To a solution of trimethyl ( (5-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethynyl) silane (002-f, 28 g, 144.05 mmol, 1 eq) in a mixture solvent of DCM (100 mL) in MeOH (50 mL) was added K2CO3 (19.91 g, 144.05 mmol, 1 eq) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h, then the reaction was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DCM. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title product as a yellow oil (14 g, crude) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification.1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.09 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.63 (dd, J = 1.1, 3.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.29 (s, 1H) , 2.47 (d, J = 0.6 Hz, 3H) .Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (5-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (002)Step 1: Preparation of l- (lH-benzo [d] [l, 2, 3] triazol-l-yl) -2-cyclopropylethan-l-one (002-3) To a solution of 1H-benzo [d] [1, 2, 3] triazole (002-2, 114.24 g, 958.86 mmol, 4 eq) in DCM (1000 mL) was added thionyl chloride (34.77 mL, 479.43 mmol, 2 eq) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 0.5 h, then 2-cyclopropylacetic acid (002-1, 24.0 g, 239.70 mmol, 1 eq) was carefully added upon cooling in an ice water bath and stirred for 18 h. The reaction was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DCM. The filtrate was washed with aqueous sat. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title product as a red oil (crude) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification.MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 202.1 [M+1] +, Rt=1.181 / 2 minStep 2: Preparation of 1- (3-bromophenyl) -4-cyclopropylbutane-1, 3-dione (002-5)To a stirred mixture of l- (l, 2, 3-benzotriazol-l-yl) -2-cyclopropylethanone (002-3, 49.74 g, 247.17 mmol, 1.0 eq) in CH2Cl2 (1000 mL) at 25 ℃ was added magnesium bromide ethyl etherate (132.97 g, 514.95 mmol, 2.5 eq) and 1- (3-bromophenyl) ethan-1-one (002-4, 27.52 mL, 205.98 mmol, 0.83 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 15 mins. To this mixture was added N, N-diisopropylethylamine dropwise (102.39 mL, 617.974 mmol, 2.5 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred for another 12 h. The mixture was acidified with 1 M aqueous HCl solution until the pH was ~3 and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (500 × 3) . The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 0%to 5%EtOAc in petroleum ether as a gradient, to afford the title product as a yellow solid (28.0 g, 48%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 281.0 / 283.0 [M+1] +, Rt=1.349 / 2 min.Step 3: Preparation of 4- (2- (3-bromobenzoyl) -4-cyclopropyl-3-oxobutyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (002-7) To a solution of 1- (3-bromophenyl) -4-cyclopropylbutane-1, 3-dione (002-5, 11 g, 39.13 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMSO (150 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (15.30 g, 46.95 mmol, 1.2 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 mins. To this mixture was added 4- (bromomethyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (002-6, 13.77 g, 41.08 mmol, 1.1 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred for another 2 h at 23 ℃, then diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with 1 M aqueous HCl solution, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 0%to 30%EtOAc in petroleum ether, to afford the title product as a yellow solid (13 g, 71%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 468.0 / 470.0 [M+1] +, Rt=2.721 / 5 min.Step 4: Preparation of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-9)To a solution of 4- (2- (3-bromobenzoyl) -4-cyclopropyl-3-oxobutyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (002-7, 13 g, 27.76mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH (130 mL) was added ethyl 2-hydrazinylthiazole-4-carboxylate (002-8, 12.31 g, 46.12 mmol, 2.0 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 60 / 40) and reverse-phase column chromatography (using a C18 column, eluting with 90: 10 to 0: 100 H2O: MeCN + 0.1%formic acid as a gradient) . Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (7.9 g, 46%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 619.0 / 621.0 [M+1] +, Rt=1.250 / 2 min.Step 5: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-11)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-9, 5.8 g, 9.36 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 2-ethynyl-5-methylthiophene (002-10, 9.15 g, 74.90 mmol, 8 eq) , DABCO (2.1 g, 18.72 mmol, 2.0 eq) , Pd-162 (188 mg, 0.47 mmol, 0.05 eq) and dioxane (100 mL) . The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 minutes and stirred at 25 ℃ for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel eluting with 0: 100 to 60: 40 petroleum ether: ethyl acetate, to afford the title compound (3.5 g, 57 %yield) . MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 659.1 [M-1] -, Rt=1.476 / 2min.Step 6: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (5-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (002)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-11, 3.4 g, 5.15 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Ethanol (15 mL) . A solution of LiOH (0.65 g, 15.44 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was acidified with 1 M aqueous HCl solution until the pH was ~6 at 0 ℃, and then white solid precipitate. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with ice water (50 mL) and dried over by vacuum pump to afford the title compound (3.0 g, 92%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 633.0 [M+1] +, Rt=1.308 / 2min. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 12.45-13.49 (m, 1H) , 8.08 (s, 1H) , 7.40-7.48 (m, 2H) , 7.31-7.39 (m, 3H) , 7.25-7.30 (m, 1H) , 7.17-7.24 (m, 1H) , 7.00 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.93 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.83 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.59 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.94 (s, 2H) , 2.94 (br d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.24 (s, 3H) , 0.85-0.98 (m, 1H) , 0.06-0.19 (m, 2H) , -0.07-0.05 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 2 -Compound 256Reaction Scheme:Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (256)Step 1: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (256-2)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-9, 165 mg, 0.27 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol (256-1, 224 mg, 2.66 mmol , 10 eq) , DABCO (89 mg, 0.80 mmol, 3.0 eq) , Pd-162 (15 mg, 0.15 eq) and dioxane (2 mL) . The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 minutes and stirred at 25 ℃ for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel eluting with 0: 100 to 60:40 petroleum ether: ethyl acetate, to afford the title compound (70 mg, 42 %yield) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 621.2 [M-1] -, Rt=1.247 / 2min.Step 2: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (256)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (256-2, 70 mg, 0.11 mmol, 1.0 eq) , THF (2 mL) and MeOH (2 mL) . A solution of 1 M aqueous LiOH (0.5 mL, 4.5 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was acidified with 1 M aqueous HCl solution until the pH was ~6 and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 × 3) . The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by reverse-phase column chromatography (using a Cl8 column, eluting with 90: 10 to 0: 100 H2O: MeCN + 0.1%formic acid as a gradient) . Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (48 mg, 72%) . MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 593.1 [M-1] -Rt=1.083 / 2min. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 8.30 (s, 1H) , 7.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.50-7.61 (m, 4H) , 7.34-7.43 (m, 2H) , 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.47 (s, 1H) , 4.16 (s, 2H) , 3.14-3.20 (m, 1H) , 3.17 (br d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H) , 1.45 (s, 6H) , 1.14 (br s, 1H) , 0.30-0.38 (m, 2H) , 0.19-0.26 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 3 -Compound 421Reaction Scheme:Step 1: Preparation of 3-ethynyloxetane (421-3)To a solution of oxetane-3-carbaldehyde (421-1, 100 mg, 1.16 mmol, 1eq) and K2CO3 (241mg, 1.74 mmol, 1.5 eq) in MeOH (1 mL) was added (1Z) -1- (diazyn-1-iumyl) -1- [dimethoxy (oxo) -λ5-phosphanyl] prop-1-en-2-olate (446 mg, 2.32 mmol, 2eq) , the reaction mixture was reacted at 25 ℃ for 3 h. The mixture was filtered and washed with MeOH (1 mL) . The mixture was used for the next step without further purification.Step 2: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- (oxetan-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (421-4)To a solution of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-9, 220 mg, 0.37 mmol, 1eq) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (39.8 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1eq) , Chloro (crotyl) (tri-tert-butylphosphine) palladium (II) (142 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1eq) in dry dioxane (2 mL) was added 3-ethynyloxetane (421-3, 58.3 mg, 0.71 mmol, 2eq) , the reaction mixture was stirred at 25℃for 18 h under N2. The mixture was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x3) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered , concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to give the crude product, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether: EtOAc = 10: 1 to 1: 1) to afford 2- (4- { [4- (aminodioxo-λ6-sulfanyl) -3-fluorophenyl] methyl} -5- (cyclopropyl-methyl) -3- [3- (oxetan-3-ylethynyl) phenyl] pyrazol-1-yl) -1, 3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (80 mg, 0.13 mmol, 36.29%) as a white solid.LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 621.2 [M+H] +.Step 3: Preparation of 2- (4- { [4- (aminodioxo-λ6-sulfanyl) -3-fluorophenyl] methyl} -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- [3- (oxetan-3-ylethynyl) phenyl] pyrazol-1-yl) -1, 3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (421)A mixture of ethyl 2- (4- { [4- (aminodioxo-λ6-sulfanyl) -3-fluorophenyl] methyl} -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- [3- (oxetan-3-ylethynyl) phenyl] pyrazol-1-yl) -1, 3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (421-4, 80 mg, 0.13 mmol, 1eq) and LiOH (27.0 mg, 0.64 mmol, 5eq) in THF (5 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was reacted at 25℃ for 18 h. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH = 5 with HCl (1 M) and was concentrated to give the crude product. The crude produce was purified by Prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150 mm *25 mm *10 μm column (eluent: 30%to 60% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.025%HCOOH) to give 2- (4- { [4- (aminodioxo-λ6-sulfanyl) -3-fluorophenyl] methyl} -5-(cyclopropylmethyl) -3- [3- (oxetan-3-ylethynyl) phenyl] pyrazol-1-yl) -1, 3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (11.6 mg, 0.02 mmol, 15.19%) as a white solid.LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 593.2 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.96 (s, 1H) , 8.30 (s, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.62 –7.50 (m, 4H) , 7.47 –7.37 (m, 2H) , 7.16 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.11 –7.01 (m, 1H) , 4.84 –4.73 (m, 2H) , 4.68 –4.57 (m, 2H) , 4.24 –4.10 (m, 3H) , 3.18 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.18-1.10 (m, 1H) , 0.40 –0.31 (m, 2H) , 0.27 –0.18 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 4 -Compound 492Reaction Scheme:Step 1: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (3-methyloxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (492-1)Under N2, to the solution of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-9 80 mg, 0.13 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 3-ethynyl-3-methyloxetane (25 mg, 0.26 mmol, 2.0 eq) in dioxane (2 mL) was added DABCO (35 mg, 0.39 mmol, 3.0 eq) CuI (6 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) and Pd-162 (7 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours under N2 atmosphere. This mixture was concentrated under reduced vacuum, then diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 20%to 80%EtOAc in petroleum ether to afford the title product as a yellow solid (71 mg, 86%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 635.0 [M+H] +, Rt=1.275 / 2min.Step 2: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (3-methyloxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (492)To the solution of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (3-methyloxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (492-1 50 mg, 0.08 mmol, 1.0 eq) in a mixture solvent THF: MeOH: H2O = 4: 1: 1 (2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (9 mg, 0.24 mmol, 3.0 eq) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=6 with 2N HCl solution. The reaction mixture was extracted with EA (10 mL × 3) . The organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by Prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150 mm *25 mm *10 um column (eluent: 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.025%HCOOH) to afford the title product as a white solid (35 mg, 72%) . MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 606.9 [M+H] +, Rt=1.092 / 2min. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 8.07 (s, 1H) , 7.69-7.51 (m, 4H) , 7.48-7.32 (m, 3H) , 7.17 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.05 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.74 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H) , 4.43 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 2H) , 4.16 (s, 2H) , 3.18 (br d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.63 (s, 3H) , 1.18-1.07 (m, 1H) , 0.38-0.31 (m, 2H) , 0.26-0.18 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 5 -Compound 493Reaction Scheme:Preparation of Intermediate 493-1: 1-ethynylcyclobutan-1-olStep 1: 1- ( (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl) cyclobutan-1-ol (493-b)To a solution of Trimethylsilylacetylene (6.04 mL, 42.76 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (60 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexanes, 24 mL, 38.40 mmol, 0.9 eq) dropwise at -78 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 30 minutes, then cyclobutanone (3.0 g, 42.80 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added. The reaction was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature overnight, The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL × 2) , The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound with yellow oil (7.0 g crude ) which was used without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 2.29 -2.18 (m, 2H) , 2.15 -2.05 (m, 2H) , 1.78 -1.62 (m, 2H) , 0.23 -0.05 (m, 9H) .Step 2: Preparation of 1-ethynylcyclobutan-1-ol (493-1)To a solution of 1- ( (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl) cyclobutan-1-ol (500 mg, 2.97 mmol, 1.0 eq) in a mixture solvent of DCM (4 mL) in MeOH (2 mL) was added K2CO3 (821 mg, 5.94 mmol, 2.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 18 h, then the reaction was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DCM (20 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title product as a yellow oil (200 mg, crude) , which was used directly in the next step without further purification.1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 4.68 (br s, 1H) , 2.35 (br s, 2H) , 2.14 (br d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H) , 1.80 -1.61 (m, 2H) .Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (493)Step 1: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (493-2)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (002-9 100 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1-ethynylcyclobutan-1-ol (77 mg, 0.81 mmol, 5.0 eq) , DABCO (54 mg, 0.49 mmol, 3.0 eq) , Pd-162 (12 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) , CuI (6 mg, 0.13 mmol, 0.2 eq ) and dioxane (2 mL) . The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 minutes and stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel eluting with 0: 100 to 60: 40 petroleum ether: ethyl acetate, to afford the title compound (50 mg, 10.24 %yield) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 633.1 [M-1] -, Rt=1.208 / 2min.Step 2: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (493)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (493-2 50 mg, 0.07 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Ethanol (3 mL) . A solution of LiOH (16 mg, 0.35 mmol, 5.0 eq) in H2O (1 mL) was added to the mixture which was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH = 5 with HCl (1 M) and was concentrated to give the crude product. The crude produce was purified by Prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150 mm *25 mm *10 um column (eluent: 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.025%HCOOH) afford the title compound (42 mg, 89%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 607.1 [M+1] +, Rt=1.431 / 3min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.14 (m, 1H) , 8.30 (s, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.61 -7.52 (m, 4H) , 7.44 -7.39 (m, 2H) , 7.15 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.09 -7.03 (m, 1H) , 5.86 (s, 1H) , 4.17 (s, 2H) , 3.17 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.41 -2.32 (m, 2H) , 2.26 -2.16 (m, 2H) , 1.83 -1.72 (m, 2H) , 1.19 -1.08 (m, 1H) , 0.40 -0.31 (m, 2H) , 0.26-0.19 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 6 -Compound 494Reaction Scheme:Preparation of Intermediate 494-1: 4- (chloromethyl) -2-fluoro-N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) benzenesulfonamideStep 1: Preparation of 4-bromo-2-fluoro-N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) benzene sulfonamide (494-b) To a solution of bis (4-methoxybenzyl) amine (94.09 g, 0.365 mol, 1.0 eq) and DIEA (94.52 g, 0.731 mol, 2.0 eq) in DCM (500 mL) was added 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (100 g, 0.365 mol, 1.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. The mixture diluted withH2O (500 mL) and extracted with DCM (500 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was triturated with a mixture solvent of PE in EA (20: 1, 200 mL) and filtered to afford the title product as a yellow solid (177 g, 96%) .1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 7.83 (dd, J = 1.8, 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.57 (dd, J = 1.8, 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.04 –7.00 (m, 4H) , 6.82 -6.78 (m, 4H) , 4.30 (s, 4H) , 3.72 (s, 6H) .Step 2: Preparation of methyl 4- (N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) sulfamoyl) -3-fluorobenzoate (494-c) To a solution of 4-bromo-2-fluoro-N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) benzene sulfonamide (20.00 g, 40.45 mmol, 1.0 eq) and TEA (12.28 g, 121.36 mmol, 3.0 eq) in MeOH (200 mL) was added Pd (dppf) Cl2 (590 mg, 0.081 mmol, 0.03 eq) . The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 minutes with CO and stirred at 70 ℃ for 18 hours. The mixture was s concentrated under reduced vacuum, then diluted with H2O (500 mL) and extracted with EA (500 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was triturated with a mixture solvent of PE in EA (20: 1, 50 mL) and filtered to afford the title product as a yellow solid (17 g, 89%) .1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 7.99 -7.78 (m, 3H) , 7.01 (br d, J = 7.8 Hz, 4H) , 6.79 (br d, J = 7.8 Hz, 4H) , 4.36 -4.28 (m, 4H) , 3.92 (s, 3H) , 3.69 (s, 6H) .Step 3: Preparation of 4- (N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) sulfamoyl) -3-fluorobenzoic acid (494-d) To a solution of methyl 4- (N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) sulfamoyl) -3-fluorobenzoate (155.00 g, 0.327 mol, 1.0 eq) in a mixture solvent of MeOH (200 mL) in THF (200 mL) was added a solution of LiOH (41.2 g, 0.981 mol, 3.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was acidified with aq. HCl (1N) pH to 5~6, and extracted with EA (500 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was triturated with a mixture solvent of PE in EA (10: 1, 500 mL) and filtered to afford the title product as a yellow solid (130 g, 86%) .1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 7.88 -7.80 (m, 2H) , 7.77 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.04 -6.95 (m, 4H) , 6.83 -6.75 (m, 4H) , 4.30 (s, 4H) , 3.70 (s, 6H) .Step 4: Preparation of 2-fluoro-4- (hydroxymethyl) -N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) -benzenesulfonamide (494-e) To a solution of methyl 4- (N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) sulfamoyl) -3-fluorobenzoic acid (65.00 g, 0.141 mol, 1.0 eq) in THF (500 mL) was added BH3·THF (283 mL, 1 N, 2.0 eq) dropwise at 0 ℃. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 h. The mixture was quenched with MeOH (100 mL) and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was triturated with a mixture solvent of PE in EA (10: 1, 200 mL) and filtered to afford the title product as a yellow solid (60 g, 95%) .1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.81 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.38 –7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.00 –6.95 (m, 4H) , 6.83 –6.77 (m, 4H) , 5.57 (s, 1H) , 4.62 (s, 2H) , 4.26 (s, 4H) , 3.71 (s, 6H) .Step 5: Preparation of 4- (chloromethyl) -2-fluoro-N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) -benzenesulfonamide (494-1) To a solution of 2-fluoro-4- (hydroxymethyl) -N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) benzenesulfonamide (120.00 g, 0.269 mol, 1.0 eq) and pyridine (2.17 mL, 26.94 mmol, 0.1 eq) in DCM (1000 mL) was added SOCl2 (78.15 mL, 1.077 mol, 4.0 eq) dropwise at 0 ℃. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 h. Then diluted with H2O (500 mL) and extracted with DCM (500 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was triturated with a mixture solvent of PE in EA (5: 1, 300 mL) and filtered to afford the title product as a yellow solid (100 g, 80%) .1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 7.84 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 (dd, J = 1.0, 11.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.45 (dd, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.00 –6.95 (m, 4H) , 6.82 –6.77 (m, 4H) , 4.85 (s, 2H) , 4.28 (s, 4H) , 3.71 (s, 6H) .Preparation of Compound 494Step 1: Preparation of 1- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -4-cyclopropylbutane-1, 3-dione (494-2) Into a round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 1- (benzo [d] [1, 2, 3] triazol-1-yl) -2-cyclopropylethan-1-one (002-3 17.47 g, 86.80 mmol, 1.2 eq) , 1- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) ethan-1-one (494-f 15.7 g, 72.34 mmol, 1.0 eq) and CH2Cl2 (900 mL) . The mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ in an ice bath. With stirring, Magnesium dibromide ethoxyethane (46.7 g, 180.84 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added in a single portion followed by N,N-diisopropylethylamine (28.05 g, 217.01 mmol, 3.0 eq) dropwise via an additional funnel. Upon addition, the reaction mixture turned yellow, as the solid started to dissolve. The ice bath was removed when the addition was complete, and the reaction was allowed to warm to 25 ℃ and stirred for another 18 h. LC-MS analysis indicated completion of reaction. The reaction was cooled back to 0 ℃ in ice bath, and slowly quenched with the addition of 1 M aqueous HC1 solution to pH~2. The resulting aqueous mixture was partitioned in a separatory funnel. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×100 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with DCM / PE=0 / 100 to 10 / 90) to afford the title product as a light-yellow oil (7.3 g, 67%) .Step 2: Preparation of 4- (2- (3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoyl) -4-cyclopropyl-3-oxobutyl) -2-fluoro-N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) benzenesulfonamide (494-3)Into a round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 1- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -4-cyclopropylbutane-1, 3-dione (494-2 6 g, 20.06 mmol, 1.0 eq) and DMSO (100 mL) . The solution was treated with Cs2CO3 (7.84 g, 24.07 mmol, 1.2 eq) and the resulting suspension was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. At this time, the mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ in an ice bath and 4- (chloromethyl) -2-fluoro-N, N-bis[ (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl] benzenesulfonamide (494-1 10.24 g, 22.06 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1.5 h and upon completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into a separatory funnel and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 400 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 20 / 80) to afford the title product as a light-yellow gum (7.3 g, 50%) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 723.8 / 725.8 [M-1] -, Rt=1.358 / 2 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.32 (dd, J =6.7, 2.2 Hz, 1H) , 8.10 –8.03 (m, 1H) , 7.75 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.56 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.45 (dd, J = 11.8, 1.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.32 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.90 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 4H) , 6.79 –6.73 (m, 4H) , 5.48 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.20 (s, 4H) , 3.70 (s, 6H) , 3.31 –3.18 (m, 2H) , 2.50 –2.45 (m, 2H) , 0.92 –0.82 (m, 1H) , 0.42 –0.37 (m, 2H) , 0.02 –-0.06 (m, 2H) .Step 3: Preparation of 4- ( (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -lH-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl) -2-fluoro-N, N -bis (4-methoxybenzyl) benzenesulfonamide (494-4)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 4- (2- (3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoyl) -4-cyclopropyl-3-oxobutyl) -2-fluoro-N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) benzenesulfonamide (494-3 3 g, 4.13 mmol, 1.0 eq) and EtOH (40 mL) , Hydrazine hydrate (1.03 g, 20.64 mmol, 5.0 eq) was added to the flask and the solution was heated to 80 ℃ in an oil bath for 0.5 h. LCMS analysis indicated consumption of starting material and formation of product. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting yellow oil was loaded into a pre-cartridge and dried. The mixture was crystallization by EtOH (20 mL) to afford the title product as a white solid (2.6 g, 3.6 mmol, 87%)MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 721.9 / 723.9 [M+1] +, Rt=1.275 / 2 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.92 (br s, 1H) , 7.78 –7.71 (m, 2H) , 7.55 –7.48 (m, 1H) , 7.39 –7.28 (m, 1H) , 7.10 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 2H) , 6.97 –6.90 (m, 4H) , 6.79 –6.72 (m, 4H) , 4.20 (s, 4H) , 4.09 (s, 2H) , 3.70 (s, 6H) , 2.56 –2.51 (m, 2H) , 1.00 –0.89 (m, 1H) , 0.48 –0.33 (m, 2H) , 0.27 –0.06 (m, 2H) .Step 4: Preparation of ethyl 2- (4- (4- (N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) sulfamoyl) -3-fluorobenzyl) -3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) oxazole-4-carboxylate (494-5)Into a round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 4- { [3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5-(cyclopropylmethyl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl] methyl} -2-fluoro-N, N-bis [ (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl] benzenesulfonamide (494-4, 0.5 g, 0.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) , toluene (2 mL) , ethyl 2-bromo-1, 3-oxazole-4-carboxylate (494-g, 304 mg, 1.38 mmol, 2.0 eq) , CuI (66 mg, 0.35 mmol, 0.5 eq) , K2CO3 (287 mg, 2.08 mmol, 3.0 eq) and (1S, 2S) -N1, N2-dimethylcyclohexane-1, 2-diamine (49 mg, 0.35 mmol, 0.5 eq) . The resulting mixture was degassed with a steady flow of nitrogen for 10 minutes then heated to 120 ℃ in an oil bath under nitrogen atmosphere for 18 h. LCMS analysis indicated consumption of starting material and formation of product. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 ℃ and quenched with water. The resulting mixture was poured into a separatory funnel and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by reverse-phase column chromatography (using a C18 column, 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.1%formic acid as a gradient) to afford the title product as a white foam (290 mg, 48%) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 858.8 / 860.8 [M-1] -, Rt=1.367 / 2min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.97 (s, 1H) , 7.83 (dd, J = 6.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 –7.59 (m, 1H) , 7.40 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.21 –7.16 (m, 1H) , 7.13 –7.07 (m, 1H) , 6.96 –6.89 (m, 4H) , 6.80 –6.72 (m, 4H) , 4.34 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H) , 4.23 (s, 2H) , 4.19 (s, 4H) , 3.69 (s, 6H) , 3.04 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.33 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.40 –0.33 (m, 2H) , 0.20 –0.13 (m, 2H) . Step 5: Preparation of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) oxazole-4-carboxylate (494-6)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (4- (4- (N, N-bis (4-methoxybenzyl) sulfamoyl) -3-fluorobenzyl) -3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) oxazole-4-carboxylate (250 mg, 1.0 eq) , DCM (4.5 mL) and TFA (1.5 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 48 h overnight. LC-MS analysis indicated consumption of starting material and formation of product. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 50 / 50) to afford the title product as a white foam (170 mg, 94%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 619.1 / 621.1 [M+1] +, Rt=1.749 / 2min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3-d) δ 8.22 (s, 1H) , 7.82 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (dd, J = 6.6, 2.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.39 –7.33 (m, 1H) , 7.09 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.03 (dd, J =8.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.94 (dd, J = 11.1, 1.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.04 (s, 2H) , 4.42 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) , 4.05 (s, 2H) , 3.05 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.41 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H) , 1.01 –0.92 (m, 1H) , 0.47 –0.40 (m, 2H) , 0.16 –0.11 (m, 2H) .Step 6: Preparation of ethyl 2- (3- (3- (cyclopropylethynyl) -4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) oxazole-4-carboxylate (494-7)Ethynylcyclopropane (32 mg, 0.48 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added to the solution of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) oxazole-4-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (0.05 mL, 0.48 mmol, 3.0 eq) , CuI (6.13 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) and Pd-162 (12.85 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) in dioxane (3 mL) at rt under N2 and stirred at 60 ℃overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) , wash with H2O, brine, the organic was dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 50 / 50) to afford the title product as a white solid (100 mg, 0.12 mmol, 70%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 607.3 [M+1] +, Rt=2.122 / 3min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.95 (s, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 –7.51 (m, 4H) , 7.27 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.16 –7.10 (m, 1H) , 7.02 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.34 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) , 4.16 (s, 2H) , 3.00 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.62 –1.54 (m, 1H) , 1.32 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H) , 1.06 –0.97 (m, 1H) , 0.95 –0.89 (m, 2H) , 0.79 –0.74 (m, 2H) , 0.37 –0.31 (m, 2H) , 0.16 –0.11 (m, 2H) .Step 7: Preparation of 2- (3- (3- (cyclopropylethynyl) -4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (494)A solution of LiOH (20.75 mg, 484.53 umol, 3.0 eq) in H2O (2 mL) was added to the solution of ethyl 2- (3- (3- (cyclopropylethynyl) -4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) oxazole-4-carboxylate (494-7, 100 mg, 164.84 umol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH (2 mL) at 25 ℃. The resulting was stirred at 25 ℃ overnight. The reaction was quenched with 1 M HCl. The mixture was purified by Prep-HPLC (LAIPU-SAC prep HPLC-C18-30 mm *250 mm*7 um column (eluent: 70%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 10 mM NH4HCO3) to afford the title product as a white solid (15 mg, 15%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 579.2 [M+1] +, Rt=1.581 / 2min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.45 (s, 1H) , 7.66 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.61 -7.37 (m, 4H) , 7.26 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.13 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.15 (s, 2H) , 2.97 (br d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.62 -1.53 (m, 1H) , 1.01 -0.86 (m, 3H) , 0.80 -0.71 (m, 2H) , 0.37 -0.28 (m, 2H) , 0.11-0.06 (m, 2H) . 19FNMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = -111.20 (s, 1F) , -111.66 (s, 1F) .Synthesis Example 7-Compound 495Reaction Scheme:Step 1: Preparation of 4- (2- (3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoyl) -4-cyclopropyl-3-oxobutyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (495-1)Into a round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 1- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -4-cyclopropylbutane-1, 3-dione (494-2, 2 g, 6.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) and DMSO (40 mL) . The solution was treated with Cs2CO3 (2.83 g, 8.69 mmol, 1.3 eq) and the resulting suspension was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. At this time, the mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ in an ice bath and 4- (bromomethyl) -2-fluorobenzene-1-sulfonamide (002-6, 1.97 g, 7.35 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h and upon completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into a separatory funnel and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 200 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 50 / 50) to afford the title product as a light-yellow gum (1.4 g, 43%) . MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 485.8 / 487.8 [M+1] +, Rt=1.075 / 2 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.31 (dd, J =6.7, 2.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.08 –8.03 (m, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 –7.51 (m, 3H) , 7.38 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.44 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.29 –3.12 (m, 2H) , 2.49 –2.36 (m, 2H) , 0.91 –0.78 (m, 1H) , 0.43 –0.35 (m, 2H) , 0.02 –-0.06 (m, 2H) .Step 2: Preparation of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (495-2)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 4- (2- (3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoyl) -4-cyclopropyl-3-oxobutyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (1.3 g, 2.67 mmol, 1.0 eq) and EtOH (20 mL) , ethyl 2-hydrazinyl-1, 3-thiazole-4-carboxylate dihydrobromide (1.12 g, 3.21 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added to the flask and the solution was heated to 80 ℃ in an oil bath for 12 h. LC-MS analysis indicated consumption of starting material and formation of product. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by reverse-phase column chromatography (using a C18 column, 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.1%formic acid as a gradient) to afford the title product as a white foam (400 mg, 23%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 636.8 / 638.8 [M+1] +, Rt=1.233 / 2min. 1HNMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 8.00 (s, 1H) , 7.83 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.75 (dd, J = 2.2, 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.38 (ddd, J = 2.2, 4.6, 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.14 -7.05 (m, 2H) , 7.02 -6.95 (m, 1H) , 5.03 (s, 2H) , 4.42 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 4.07 (s, 2H) , 3.21 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.43 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.17 -1.07 (m, 1H) , 0.51 -0.40 (m, 2H) , 0.32 -0.25 (m, 2H) .Step 3: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (3-hydroxyoxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (495-3)3-ethynyloxetan-3-o1 (46 mg, 0.47 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added to the solution of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (53 mg, 0.47 mmol, 3.0 eq) , CuI (6 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) and Pd-162 (13 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) in dioxane (2 mL) at 25 ℃ under N2 and stirred at 25 ℃overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) , wash with H2O, brine, the organic was dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 50 / 50) to afford the title product as a white solid (60 mg, 59%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 654.9 [M+1] +, Rt=1.067 / 2min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3-d) δ 8.00 (s, 1H) , 7.82 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.74 (dd, J = 6.6, 2.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.41 –7.34 (m, 1H) , 7.14 –7.04 (m, 2H) , 7.01 –6.92 (m, 1H) , 5.02 (s, 2H) , 4.41 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) , 4.06 (s, 2H) , 3.20 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.42 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H) , 1.15 –1.05 (m, 1H) , 0.46 –0.40 (m, 2H) , 0.30 –0.25 (m, 2H) .Step 4: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (3-hydroxyoxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (495)A solution of LiOH (42 mg, 0.46 mmol, 3.0 eq) in H2O (1 mL) was added to the solution of ethyl 2- (5-(cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (3-hydroxyoxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (50 mg, 0.08 mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH (2 mL) at 25 ℃ and stirred at 25 ℃overnight. The reaction was acidified to pH = 6 with 1 M HCl. The mixture was purified by reverse-phase column chromatography (using a C18 column, 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.1%formic acid as a gradient) to afford the title product as a white solid (36 mg, 0.06 mmol, 75%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 626.9 [M+1] +, Rt=0.900 / 2min. 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.17 (br s, 1H) , 8.31 (s, 1H) , 7.72 (dd, J = 2.2, 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.68 -7.60 (m, 2H) , 7.58 (s, 2H) , 7.36 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.15 (d, J =11.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.05 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.71 (br s, 1H) , 4.76 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 4.61 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 4.17 (s, 2H) , 3.17 (br d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.20 -1.08 (m, 1H) , 0.40 -0.30 (m, 2H) , 0.26-0.19 (m, 2H) . 19FNMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = -110.49 (s, 1F) , -111.15 (s, 1F) .Synthesis Example 8-Compound 496Reaction Scheme:Step 1: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (496-1) Under N2, to the solution of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (495-2, 50 mg, 0.08 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol (33 mg, 0.40 mmol, 5.0 eq) in dioxane (1 mL) was added DABCO (26.39 mg, 0.24 mmol, 1.0 eq) , CuI (4 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.2 eq) and Pd-162 (5 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.2 eq) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours under N2 atmosphere. This mixture was concentrated under reduced vacuum, then diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 20%to 80%EtOAc in petroleum ether to afford the title product as a yellow solid (36 mg, 71%) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 638.9 [M-H] -, Rt=1.133 / 2min.Step 2: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -4-(3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (496)To the solution of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (496-1, 36 mg, 0.06 mmol, 1.0 eq) in a mixture solvent THF: MeOH: H2O = 4: 1: 1 (2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (8 mg, 0.18 mmol, 3.0 eq) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=6 with 2N HCl solution. The reaction mixture was extracted with EA (10 mL × 3) . The organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by Prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150 mm *25 mm *10 um column (eluent: 60%to 95%(v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.025%HCOOH) to afford the title product as a white solid (19 mg, 54%) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 610.9 [M-1] -, Rt=0.967 / 2min1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.15 (br s, 1H) , 8.31 (br s, 1H) , 7.66 (br t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.62 -7.54 (m, 4H) , 7.32 (br t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.15 (br d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.05 (br d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.54 (s, 1H) , 4.15 (br s, 2H) , 3.17 (br d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H) , 1.47 (s, 6H) , 1.19 -1.08 (m, 1H) , 0.40-0.30 (m, 2H) , 0.27-0.18 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 9 -Compound 497Reaction Scheme:Step 1: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (3-methyloxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4-(3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (497-1)Under N2, to the solution of ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (495-2, 100 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 3-ethynyl-3-methyloxetane (45 mg, 0.51 mmol, 3.0 eq) in dioxane (2 mL) was added DABCO (53 mg, 0.51 mmol, 3.0 eq) , CuI (4 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Pd-162 (6 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.1 eq) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours under N2 atmosphere. This mixture was concentrated under reduced vacuum, then diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 5%to 33%EtOAc in petroleum ether as a gradient, to afford the title product as a yellow solid (40 mg, 39%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 653.0 [M+1] +, Rt=1.205 / 2min.Step 2: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (3-methyloxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (497)To the solution of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (3-methyloxetan-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (497-1, 40 mg, 0.06 mmol, 1.0 eq) in a mixture solvent THF: MeOH: H2O=4: 1: 1 (2 mL) was added hydroxy lithium hydrate (7 mg, 0.18 mmol, 3.0 eq) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=6 with 2N HCl solution. The reaction mixture was extracted with EA (10 mL × 3) . The organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by Prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150 mm *25 mm *10 um column (eluent: 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.025%HCOOH) to afford the title product as a white solid (18.77 mg, 54%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 624.9 [M+1] +, Rt=1.042 / 2min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ=13.17 (br s, 1H) , 8.30 (s, 1H) , 7.69-7.63 (m, 1H) , 7.62 (br s, 2H) , 7.58 (s, 2H) , 7.37-7.29 (m, 1H) , 7.17 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.05 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.74 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H) , 4.45 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H) , 4.16 (s, 2H) , 3.18 (br d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.64 (s, 3H) , 1.20-1.09 (m, 1H) , 0.38-0.32 (m, 2H) , 0.26-0.19 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 10-Compound 498Reaction Scheme:Preparation of 498: 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acidStep 1: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (498-1)To the solution of 1-ethynylcyclobutan-1-ol (45 mg, 0.47 mmol, 3.0 eq) , ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (495-2, 100 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.0 eq ) , Pd-162 (4 mg, 0.01 mmol, 0.1 eq ) , CuI (5 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.2 eq) in dioxane (3 mL) was added 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (26 mg, 0.47 mmol , 3.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at RT overnight under N2 atmosphere. The mixture diluted with H2O (5 mL) and extracted with EA (5 mL × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 20%to 80%EtOAc in petroleum ether to afford the title product as a yellow solid (70 mg, 0.11 mmol, 68%) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 650.8 [M-H] -, Rt = 1.225 / 2 min.Step 2: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (498)To the solution of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (1-hydroxycyclobutyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (498-1, 65 mg, 0.10 mmol , 1.0 eq) in a mixture solvent of MeOH (2 mL) and THF (2 mL) in H2O (1 mL) was added LiOH (17 mg, 0.40 mmol , 4.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1N HCl to pH=6 and filtered, the filter cake was purified by Prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150 mm *25 mm *10 um column (eluent: 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.025%HCOOH) to afford the title product as a white solid (22 mg, 31%) .MS (ESI, neg. ion) m / z: 622.8 [M-H] -, Rt=0.992 / 2min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.17 (br s, 1H) , 8.29 (s, 1H) , 7.70 -7.62 (m, 2H) , 7.62 -7.53 (m, 3H) , 7.33 (t, J =9.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.15 (br d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.05 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.96 (s, 1H) , 4.16 (s, 2H) , 3.17 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.42 -2.31 (m, 2H) , 2.27 -2.16 (m, 2H) , 1.85 -1.73 (m, 2H) , 1.18 –1.09 (m, 1H) , 0.40 -0.30 (m, 2H) , 0.26 –0.17 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 11-Compound 499Reaction Scheme:Preparation of Intermediate 3: 1-ethynylcyclopropan-1-olStep 1: Preparation of 1-ethoxycyclopropan-1-ol (499-b)To a solution of (1-ethoxycyclopropoxy) trimethylsilane (499-a, 10 g, 57.37 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the title product as a colorless oil (5.66 g, 96.60%) .Step 2: Preparation of 1- ( (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl) cyclopropan-1-ol (499-c)To a solution of 1-ethoxycyclopropan-1-ol (499-b, 5.66 g, 55.42 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added methylmagnesium bromide (23.65 mL, 70.94 mmol, 3 M in Et2O) dropwise at 0 ℃ under N2. The reaction turned turbid and was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h. In a separate flask, a solution of ethynyltrimethylsilane (6.26 g, 63.73 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at -78 ℃ was treated with butyllithium (25.49 mL, 63.73 mmol, 2.5 M in Hexane) . The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 30 mins, then added dropwise over 10 mins to the prepared suspension of magnesium 1-ethoxycyclopropanolate bromide. The resulting solution was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hrs. The saturated aqueous NH4Cl (100 mL) was added, extracted with EA (100 mL × 2) , the combined organic phases were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 90 / 10) to afford the title product as a colorless oil (6.27 g, 73.3%) .1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 2.36 (br s, 1H) , 1.11 -1.06 (m, 2H) , 1.04 -1.00 (m, 2H) , 0.17 (s, 9H) .Step 3: Preparation of 1-ethynylcyclopropan-1-ol (499-2)To a solution of 1- [ (trimethylsilyl) ethynyl] cyclopropan-1-ol (499-c, 2.00 g, 12.96 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was added ammonium fluoride (1.20 g, 32.41 mmol) , the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. the reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) , extracted with DCM (50 mL × 2) , the combined organic phases was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and rotary evaporation at 35 ℃ to give the crude product. The crude product was used directly for the next step without further purification.Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (1-hydroxycyclopropyl) ethynyl) -phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (499)Step 1: Preparation of 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (499-1)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (495-2, 220 mg, 0.35 mmol) , THF (4 mL) and MeOH (2 mL) . A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (58 mg, 1.38 mmol) in H2O (2 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the resulting was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. The mixture was acidified with 1 N aqueous HCl solution until the pH was around 6 at 0 ℃ and extracted with EA (20 mL ×2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was used directly for the next step without further purification.MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 608.8 / 610.8 [M+1] +, Rt=1.05 / 2 min.Step 2: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -3- (4-fluoro-3- ( (1-hydroxycyclopropyl) ethynyl) phenyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (499)To a solution of 2- (3- (3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (499-1, 200 mg, 0.33 mmol) and 1-ethynylcyclopropan-1-ol (539 mg, 6.56 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (110 mg, 0.98 mmol) , Tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (28 mg, 0.10 mmol) and bis [chloropalladium (1+) ] bis (prop-2-en-1-ide) (18 mg, 0.05 mmol) , the mixture was exchanged with N2, stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. The mixture was diluted with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with EA (30 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The mixture was purified by Prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150 mm *25 mm *10 um column (eluent: 60%to 95% (v / v) CH3CN and H2O with 0.025%HCOOH) to afford the title product as a white solid (33 mg, 16%) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 610.9 [M+1] +, Rt=0.95 / 2 min.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.15 (br s, 1H) , 8.31 (s, 1H) , 7.67 –7.60 (m, 2H) , 7.60 -7.53 (m, 3H) , 7.32 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.14 (br d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.04 (br d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.38 (s, 1H) , 4.15 (s, 2H) , 3.16 (br d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.18 -1.09 (m, 1H) , 1.05 –0.96 (m, 4H) , 0.38 -0.30 (m, 2H) , 0.25-0.19 (m, 2H) .Synthesis Example 12-Compound 627Reaction Scheme:Step 1: Preparation of 4-cyclopropyl-1- (4-fluorophenyl) butane-1, 3-dione (627-2)To a stirred mixture of l- (l, 2, 3-benzotriazol-l-yl) -2-cyclopropylethanone (104.88 g, 521 mmol, 1.0 eq) in CH2Cl2 (2000 mL) at 25 ℃ was added magnesium bromide ethyl etherate (269 g, 1.04 mol, 2.5 eq) and 1- (4-fluorophenyl) ethan-1-one (60.00 g, 434.35 mmol, 0.83 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 15 mins. The mixture was added N, N-diisopropylethylamine dropwise (259 mL, 1.56 mol, 3.0 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred for another 12 h. The mixture was acidified with 1 M aqueous HCl solution until the pH was ~3, and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (500 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 0%to 5%EtOAc in petroleum ether as a gradient to afford the title product as a yellow solid (51.7 g, 45%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 221.0 [M+1] +, Rt=1.387 / 2 min.Step 2: Preparation of 4- (4-cyclopropyl-2- (4-fluorobenzoyl) -3-oxobutyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (627-3) To a solution of 4-cyclopropyl-1- (4-fluorophenyl) butane-1, 3-dione (45.0 g, 204.32 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMSO (500 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (99.85 g, 306.48 mmol, 1.5 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 mins. The mixture was added 4- (bromomethyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (60.26 g, 224.75 mmol, 1.1 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred for another 2 h at 23 ℃, then diluted with EtOAc (2000 mL) . The organic layer was washed with 1 M aqueous HCl solution, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, eluting with 0%to 30%EtOAc in petroleum ether to afford the title product as a yellow solid (58.2 g, 70%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 408.1 [M+1] +, Rt=0.892 / 2 min.Step 3: Preparation of ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (4-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (627-4)To a solution of 4- (4-cyclopropyl-2- (4-fluorobenzoyl) -3-oxobutyl) -2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (58.2 g, 142.8 mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH (600 mL) was added bis (bromide) salt ethyl 2-diazanyl-1, 3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (54.84 g, 157.13 mmol, 1.1 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified by column chromatography through silica gel (eluting with EA / PE=0 / 100 to 60 / 40) and reverse-phase column chromatography (using a C18 column, eluting with 35: 65 to 25: 75 H2O: MeCN + 0.1%formic acid as a gradient) . Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (25.26 g, 31.7%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 559.2 [M+1] +, Rt=1.075 / 2 min.Step 4: Preparation of 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (4-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (627)Into a round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added ethyl 2- (5- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4- (3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylbenzyl) -3- (4-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (25.26 g, 45.27 mmol, 1.0 eq) , THF (100 mL) and Methanol (100 mL) . A solution of hydroxy lithium hydrate (4.75 g, 113.17 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was acidified with 1 M aqueous HCl solution until the pH was ~6 at 0 ℃, and then white solid precipitate. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with ice water (50 mL) and dried over by vacuum pump to afford the title compound (20.50 g, 85%yield) .MS (ESI, pos. ion) m / z: 531.2 [M+1] +, Rt=0.950 / 2min.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.16 (br s, 1H) , 8.29 (s, 1H) , 7.68 -7.56 (m, 5H) , 7.28 –7.22 (m, 2H) , 7.13 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.04 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.15 (s, 2H) , 3.16 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.18-1.08 (m, 1H) , 0.37 -0.31 (m, 2H) , 0.25 –0.19 (m, 2H) .Enzymatic activity assay against LDHA and LDHBThe test compounds with an initial concentration of 2 mM (DMSO) were subjected to a 3-fold gradient dilution using DMSO to obtain 10 concentration gradients, in two duplicate wells. 1 μL of the diluted compound solution was transferred to DMSO (49 μL) to make a 4× compound working solution. After sealing, the plate was shaken on an oscillator for 15 min. 5 μL of 4× compound working solution was added into a 384-well plate (784075, Greiner) . 50 nM LDHA or LDHB buffer (200 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4, 100 μM EDTA, and 0.01%Tween-20) was prepared. 100 μM EDTA, and 0.01%Tween-20) . 5 μL of LDH A or LDHB solution was added into the 384-well plate. After sealing, the plate was incubated in dark at room temperature for 15 min. Preparation of 4× substrate solution: β-NADH and sodium pyruvate were dissolved in 1× buffer (200 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4, 100 μM EDTA, and 0.01%Tween-20) . 5 μL of 4× substrate solution was added into the 384-well plate. The 384 plate was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min, and then incubated at 25 ℃ in an incubator in dark for 30 min. Preparation of 4× test solution: Diaphorase and resazurin were dissolved in 1× buffer (200 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4, 100 μM EDTA, and 0.01%Tween-20) . 5 μL of the 4× test solution was added into the 384-well plate. The 384 plate was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min, and then incubated at 25 ℃ in an incubator in dark for 20 min. EX540-EM590 data were read on PHERAstar FSX.%inhibition rate was calculated as follows:average FLU of positive control groupaverage FLU of vehicle control groupIC50 was calculated by nonlinear regression fitting the logarithm of %inhibition rate and compound concentration by using Graphpad 8.0 software. The LDHA IC50 of the examples are listed in Table 1.Table 1Cellular activity of LDH inhibitors in Jurkat cellsThe test compounds (20 mM in DMSO) were gradient diluted, 10 concentration gradients, 3-fold gradient dilution, two duplicate wells. 100 nL of the diluted compounds was transferred to a 96-well cell culture plate through Echo550. Jurkat-Cells were collected by centrifugation, (only cells with cell viability above 90%were used) . The cells were resuspended and counted, the cell suspension was spread into a 96-well cell culture plate, 100 uL culture medium, 20000 cells / well. The 96-well cell culture plate was placed in a cell incubator for 2 h. The cell supernatant in the 96-well cell culture plate was transfer to a 384-well microplate.Prepare 1*Reaction Mixture containing lactate buffer &probe &Enzyme mix (ratio 23: 1: 1) for each reaction. The reaction mixture was added to the 384-well microplate, 10 uL / well, after mixing with cell supernatant, incubated in dark at room temperature for 30 min. The absorbance value was read at 570 nm on a multi-function microplate reader BMG.Calculating inhibition rate as follows:%inhibition rate=100- (Signalcmpd-Signalave_pc) / (Signalave_vc-Signalave_pc) ×100Signalave_pc: average signal of positive control groupSignalave_vc: average signal of negative control groupIC50 was calculated by nonlinear regression fitting the logarithm of inhibition rate and compound concentration by using Graphpad 8.0 software. The activity of the examples on Jurkat cells are listed as IC50 in Table 2.Table 2LDH Cellular Assay in Male CD1 Mouse HepatocytesAll test compounds were 3-fold serial diluted from 20 mM (DMSO) for 10 doses in DMSO. 100 nl serial dilution was added into a 96-cell plate by Echo. Cells were collected, resuspend and counted (Williams Medium E. Only cells with viability greater than 90%were used) .100μl of cell suspension was dispensed at 2w / well into 96 well microplate. Cells were incubated for 2h in 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator. 10ul sample / well were transferred into 384 well plate.Prepare 1*Reaction Mixture containing lactate buffer &probe &Enzyme mix (ratio 23: 1: 1) for each reaction. 10uL of Reaction Mixture were added into each well and then mixed and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes protected from light. Output on microplate reader was measured, at OD 570 nm.%Inhibition is calculated as follows:%inhibition =100- (Signalcmpd-SignalAve_PC) / (SignalAve_VC-SignalAve_PC) ×100Signalave_pc: The average signal for the positive controls across the plate.Signalave_vc: The average signal for negative controls across the plate.IC50 was calculated by fitting %inhibition values and log of compound concentrations to nonlinear regression (dose response –variable slope) with Graphpad 8.0. Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogIC50-X) *HillSlope) ) X: log of inhibitor concentration; Y: %Inhibition. The activity of the examples on Primary Mouse Hepatocytes cells are listed as IC50 in Table 3.Table 3Cellular assay systems to identify the effect of LDH inhbitors on cells of the immune systemHuman PanT cell Activation assayThaw cryopreserved human PBMCs (TPCS, P122071002C) and then mix the PBMC. Isolate human Pan T cells from cryopreserved PBMC according to the isolate kit (Miltenyi Biotech, 130-096-535) . Resuspend the cells in RPMI 1640 medium with 10%heat FBS, 1%PS. Add 500μl anti-human CD3 (OKT-3) (eBioscience, EB16-0037-85) into 6-well plate, incubate for 2 h at 37℃&5%CO2. Wash each well three times with 100 μL of 1×PBS. Seed 2×106 cells / well / 2ml into the pre-coated 6-well plate. Add anti-human CD28 (CD28.2) (eBioscience, 16-0289-85) into cells, incubate for 72 h at 37℃&5%CO2 . Harvest T cells and wash cells with DPBS (Gibco, 14190250) twice, resuspend the cells in RPMI 1640 medium with 10%heat FBS, 1%PS. Seed 1×105 cells / well / 200μl into 96-well plate. Add cpds (as solution, Final concentration is 10 uM, 7.5uM, 1.5uM) into the cells, incubate for 1h at 37℃&5%CO2 . Add IL-2 (R&D, 202-IL-010) into the wells (5ul) , incubate for 72h at 37℃&5%CO2. Harvest supernatant to test IFN-γ by ELISA (sinobiological, KIT11725A) . Tofacitinib is used as positive control (10 μM or 7.5 μM Tofacitinib as reference, DMSO as activity positive control) . The results are shown as table 4 and table 5. The results shown in table 4 and table 5 were obtained in different test batches. Compared with the result of DMSO group in same batch, the compounds of the present invention have significant effects.Table 4. IFN-γ Release in Human T cellsTable 5. IFN-γ Release in Human T cellsHuman B cell Activation assayThaw cryopreserved human PBMCs (Sailybio, 1282W) and then mix the PBMC. Isolate human CD19+ B cells from cryopreserved PBMC according to the isolate kit (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-050-301) . Resuspend the cells in RPMI 1640 medium with 10%heat FBS, 1%PS. Seed 5×104 / well / 100ul into a 96-well plate. Add compounds (as solution, Final concentration is 7.5 μM, 1.5 μM, 300nM) into the wells, incubate for 1h at 37℃&5%CO2 . Add stimulate factor (anti-CD40 (Gibco, PHP0025) and IL-21 (R&D, 8879-IL-010) ) (5μl) into the cells, incubate for 4 days at 37℃&5%CO2. Harvest supernatant to test IgG by ELISA (Abcam, ab195215) . Ibrutinib is used as positive control (1 μM Ibrutinib as reference, DMSO as activity positive control) . The results are shown as table 6 and table 7. The results shown in table 6 and table 7 were obtained in different test batches. Compared with the result of DMSO group in same batch, the compounds of the present invention have significant effects.Table 6. IgG Release in Human B cellsTable 7. IgG Release in Human B cellsTh1 differentiation assayThaw cryopreserved human PBMCs (Sailybio, 1282W) and then mix the PBMC. Isolate human CD4+ T cells from cryopreserved PBMC according to the isolate kit. (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-094-131) . Resuspend the cells in RPMI 1640 medium with 10%heat FBS, 1%PS. Seed 1×105 / well / 200μl into a 96-well plate. Add compounds (as solution, Final concentration is 7.5μM, 1.5μM, 300nM) into the wells, incubate for 1h at 37℃&5%CO2 . Add stimulate factor (aCD3 / aCD28 dynabeads (Gibco, 11131D) , rhIL-2 (R&D, 202-IL-010) , rhIL-12 (R&D, 219-IL-005) (5μl) into the cells, incubate for 3 days at 37℃&5%CO2. Harvest supernatant to test IFN-γ by ELISA (R&D, DY285B) . Tofacitinib is positive control (10 μM Tofacitinib as reference, DMSO as activity positive control) . The results are shown as table 8 and table 9. The results shown in table 8 and table 9 were obtained in different test batches. Compared with the result of DMSO group in same batch, the compounds of the present invention have significant effects.Table 8. IFN-γ Release in Human Th1 cellsTable 9. IFN-γ Release in Human Th1 cellsTh2 differentiation assayCryopreserved human PBMCs (Sailybio, 25million) are thawed and then the PBMC are mixed. Human CD4+ T cells are isolated from cryopreserved PBMC according to the isolate kit (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-094-131) . The cells are resuspended in RPMI 1640 medium with 10%heat FBS, 1%PS. 1×105 cells / well / 200μl are seeded into a 96-well plate. Test compounds are added (as solution, Final concentration is 10uM, 3uM, 1uM, 0.3uM) into the wells, incubated for 1h at 37℃&5%CO2. Stimulate factor (anti-CD3, anti-CD28, rhIL-2, rhIL-4) is added into the cells, incubated for 3 days at 37℃&5%CO2. After 3 days, cells are washed with PBS and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (5ul) for another 6 h. The supernatant is harvested to test IL-4 by ELISA . Tofacitinib is positive control (Tofacitinib as reference cpd, DMSO as activity positive control) .Th1-Th2 differentiation assayCryopreserved human PBMCs (Sailybio, 25million) are thawed and then the PBMC are mixed. Human CD4+ T cells are isolated from cryopreserved PBMC according to the isolate kit (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-094-131) . The cells are resuspended in RPMI 1640 medium with 10%heat FBS, 1%PS. 1×105cells / well / 200μl into a 96-well plate. Test compounds are added (as solution, Final concentration is 10μM, 3μM, 1uM, 0.3μM) into the wells, incubated for 1h at 37℃&5%CO2 . Stimulate factor (anti-CD3, anti-CD28, rhIL-2) (5μl) is aded into the cells, incubated for 3 days at 37℃&5%CO2 . The supernatant is harvested to test IFN-γ for Th1 and IL-4 for Th2 by ELISA. Tofacitinib is used as control (Tofacitinib as reference cpd, DMSO as activity positive control) . Th17 differentiation assayThaw cryopreserved human PBMCs (Sailybio, 50 million) and then mix the PBMC. Resuspend the cells in RPMI 1640 medium with 10%heat FBS, 1%PS. Seed 5×105 / well / 200μl into a 96-well plate. Add compounds (as solution, Final concentration is 7.5μM, 1.5μM, 300nM) into the wells, incubate for 1h at 37℃&5%CO2. Add stimulate factor (aCD3 / aCD28 dynabeads (Gibco, 11131D) , TGF-β1 (R&D, 240-B-010) , rhIL-23 (R&D, 1290-IL-010 / CF) , rhIL-6 (R&D, 206-IL-010) ) (5μl) into the cells, incubate for 3 days at 37℃&5%CO2 . Harvest supernatant to test IL-17 by ELISA. (R&D, D1700) . Tofacitinib is positive control (10 μM or 300 nM Tofacitinib as reference, DMSO as activity positive control) . The results are shown as table 10 and table 11. The results shown in table 10 and table 11 were obtained in different test batches. Compared with the result of DMSO group in same batch, the compounds of the present invention have significant effects.Table 10. IL-17 Release in Human Th17 cellsTable 11. IL-17 Release in Human Th17 cellsIn vivo Efficacy of LDH inhibitorsA. In vivo Efficacy in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model27+5 (backup) female C57BL / 6 mice were used for this study and distributed among the different treatments according to table 12.5 mice were randomly selected as the normal control group, and the rest of 27 mice were immunized. On Day 0, EAE was induced in groups 2-5 by injection of 100 μL emulsion (100 μg MOG35–55 (Amino acids 35–55 of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) and 200 μg Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra / mouse (with a 25-G needle) subcutaneously in the shaved back of the mouse. The emulsion was obtained according to: Heat-killed M. tuberculosis (fine powder) was mixed with Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant to a final concentration of 4 mg / mL. MOG35-55 was dissolved in saline to a concentration of 2 mg / mL. Both are emulsified using a high-speed homogenizer on ice at 30000 rpm for approximately 1 hour. Three sites were administrated (~0.033 mL per site) . Each mouse was given 200 ng of Pertussis Toxin in 200 μL of PBS by i. p. on day 0 and day 2 after immunization. The treatment for group 2-5 started from ~day12 with 10%-30%incidence.Table 12 Grouping and dosing regimen of EAE studyBody weight was recorded daily from day 0. Clinical scores of EAE disease and incidence were evaluated and recorded daily once disease signs appeared (observation starts from day 11) till the end of the study. The severity of disease was assessed by the grading system shown in Table 13.Table 13. Grading System for Clinical Assessment of EAE studyAt the end of the experiment, mice in each group were euthanized. After irrigating the heart with saline, the same volume of 10%formalin was used. Finally, the spinal cord of the mice was fixed in 10%formalin solution. After paraffin embedding, sections were made, H&E staining was performed, microscopic photographs were taken, and pathological scores were performed by veterinarians.All the data was analyzed and plotted by Graph Pad Prism and shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Further in vivo models to test for the potential efficacy of test molecules in MS can be found in: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8: a028977.B. In vivo Efficacy in Lipopolysaccharide induced Inflammation modelOn day -1, 27 mice were randomized by body weight. On day 0, 27 mice received treatments following the timeline in Figure 3 and Table 6. The test compound was given 1 hour before LPS dosing (Dexamethasone was given 30 min before LPS dosing) . The mice were challenged with 0.2 mg / kg LPS i. p (1 mg / mL solution in sterile PBS diluted to 0.02 mg / ml, dosing volume is 10 mL / kg) , 120 min after LPS administration, the animals were sacrificed by CO2. Body weight was recorded.Directly after CO2-termination, heart blood was taken into EDTA-tubes and processed to plasma (8000× rpm, for 6 min at 4℃) . The plasma was split up into three aliquots of at least 50 μL each, which were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80℃.The compounds were administered according to Table 14 via the oral route as PBS solution (in 1.5ml PBS, pH adjusted with NaOH and HCl to 7-8) .Table 14 Grouping and dosing regimen of LPS induced inflammationThe assay is performed following the manufacturer’s instructions using the following kits and a BD Fortessa flow cytometer: BDTM Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Mouse TNF Flex Set, BD, 558299, BDTM Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Mouse IL-6 Flex Set, BD, 558301, BDTM Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Mouse IL-1β Flex Set, BD, 560232, BDTM Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Mouse IFN-γ Flex Set, BD, 558296. All the data were analyzed and plotted by Graph Pad Prism 7. One-Way ANOVA was used to compare significance between groups. The data was be expressed as mean ± SEM and the results are shown in Figs. 4-5.C. In vivo Efficacy in Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) modelHost mice, C57BL / 6 mice are pre-treated with antibiotic drinking water (Enrofloxacin, 10%, 0.6mL / L) for 1 week to prevent infections after irradiation. The engrafted mice were kept on receiving antibiotic drinking water throughout the study.On day0, spleen, femur and tibia from Donor mice was collected in cold PBS buffer. Single cell suspensions were prepared with cold RPMI-1640 (2%FBS) .The spleen was ground through 70 um strainer with adding media, and centrifuged at 300g for 8 min. The resulting cell pellet was resuspended with ACK buffer and incubated at room temperature for 1 min, media was added (10 times of ACK volume) and passed through 70 um strainer, centrifuged at 300g for 8 min. The cell pellet was resuspended with PBS (NO FBS) .Bone marrow was rinsed out from femur and tibia with cold RPMI-1640 (2%FBS) and passed through 70 um strainer and centrifuged at 300g for 8 min. the cell pellet was resuspend cell with PBS (NO FBS) . Count cells were counted and a mixture prepared with 1.5×107 splenocyte / ml and 2.5×107 BM / ml in PBS.The Host C57BL / 6 mice were irradiated to a total body irradiation og 11Gy (5.5Gy + 5.5Gy with 4h interval) . The study was conducted as shown in Table 15. Test compounds were administered orally in PBS (2, 5ml, pH adjusted with NaOH and HCl to 7-8) . Cyclosporin was injected as suspension (1 mg / ml suspension of Cyclosporin A in 0.2%CMC-Na) and Rapamycin as solution (0, 3mg in 2 ml 0.2%CMC-Na) .Table 15 Grouping and dosing regimen of GvHD modelThe body weight, bodyweight change rate and GvHD score of the animals were recorded 3 times a week; survival was recorded daily. The activity state, posture, fur condition, skin condition, and diarrhea of mice were observed. Scoring system was used as follows (Table 16) .Table 16. GvHD scoringAt the end of the experiment, the mice in each group were euthanized. The small intestine and skin of mice was fixed in 10%formalin solution. After paraffin embedding, sections were made, H&E staining was performed, microscopic photographs were taken, and pathological scores were performed by veterinarians.All data was analyzed and plotted by Graph pad prism. The data was be expressed as the mean ± SEM. The statistical analyses of data were performed by one-way or two-way ANOVA, with Graph Pad Prism Software. The results are shown in Figs. 6-9.D. In vivo Efficacy in Psoriasis modelEight‐to ten‐week‐old C57BL / 6 wild‐type or transgenic mice were used to establishing the IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like model. The mice were treated with a daily topical dose of 62.5 mg of IMQ cream (5%, Aldara; 3 M Pharmaceuticals) on the shaved dorsal skin for 4 consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed 1 day after the final treatment. The severity of disease was measured using the clinical Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, which was scored on a scale from 0 to 4: 0, none; 1, slight; 2, moderate; 3, marked; and 4, very marked (Shao F, Tan T, Tan Y, Sun Y, Wu X, Xu Q (2016) Andrographolide alleviates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis in mice via inducing autophagic proteolysis of MyD88. Biochem Pharmacol 115: 94–103) . For each mouse, skin lesions were taken for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, and qPCR analysis. Serum was also collected for cytokine assays with an ELISA kit.Further in vivo models to test for the potential efficacy of test molecules in psoriasis can be found in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, 18, 2514 and in Biomedicine &Pharmacotherapy, 2022, 156, 113883 and Nature Portfolio, 2021, 11, 19827 and International Immunopharmacology 2016, 32, 32–38.E. In vivo Efficacy in Atopic dermatitis animal modelIn the OXA-induced atopic dermatitis model, massive inflammatory cell infiltration leads to skin thickening. To produce the model, the right ears of Balb / c mice were sensitized with 20 μL of 1%OXA (TargetMol, Shanghai, China) in 4: 1 (v / v) acetone-olive oil mixture (experimental day 0) . Plain acetone / sesame seed oil was injected in the left ears to obtain within-animal controls. On days 7, 9, and 11, the ears were challenged with 20 μL of 1%OXA three times a week for 1 week. At the same time, test compound can be administered. On day 13, the mice were sacrificed, ear samples were collected for further analysis. Ear swelling change was used as a measure of allergic response.F. In vivo Efficacy in Experimental colitis modelThe purified splenic CD4+ T cells and CD45RBhighCD4+ T cells from BALB / c mice were isolated using a method as previously reported [Liu, Z., Geboes, K., Colpaert, S., Overbergh, L., Mathieu, C., Heremans, H., de Boer, M., Boon, L., D’Haens, G., Rutgeerts, P. and Ceuppens, J. L., Prevention of experimental colitis in SCID mice reconstituted with CD45RBhigh CD4+ T cells by blocking the CD40-CD154 interactions. J. Immunol. 2000.164: 6005–6014] . Colitis in BALB / c scid mice was induced by i. p. injection of syngeneic CD45RBhighCD4+ T cells (4×105 / mouse) , as previously described
[0019] . These reconstituted scid mice were treated with the test compounds according to study protocol. Disease activities were monitored weekly on the basis of body weight, soft stool or diarrhea, and anorectal prolapse. Mice were killed for histological and cytological examinations 8 weeks after T cell reconstitution or when they exhibited a loss of >20%of original body weight.Further in vivo models to test for the potential efficacy of test molecules in colitis or inflammatory bowel disease can be found in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23, 9344 or using a TNFα Ab T cell transfer induced colitis model or International Journal of Inflammation, vol. 2012, Article ID 412178, 11 pages, 2012 or in Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296: G135–G146, 2009G. In vivo Efficacy in arthritis modelsIn vivo models to test for the potential efficacy of test molecules in arthritis can be found in: Arthritis Research &Therapy, 2020, 22, 273 or in FEBS Open Bio 10, 2020, 107–117 or in Arthritis Research &Therapy 2023, (25) , 12, 1 Autoimmune hepatitis Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2023, 309, 116365H. In vivo Efficacy in Allergic asthma modelTo elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving disease pathogenesis, murine models of experimental allergic airway disease are frequently employed (Kumar et al., 2016) . It has been well established that initial sensitization at 8 weeks of age with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) , followed by antigen challenge results in Th2-polarized airways disease, mimicking key essential clinical manifestations of human disease (von Garnier et al., 2007; Zosky et al., 2008) . While 8-week-old sensitization models have provided significant advances in the understanding of asthmatic disease pathogenesis, they are not the best representative model for early life sensitization as mice attain sexual maturity at 8-12 weeks of age (Dutta and Sengupta, 2016) . To address this age-dependent issue associated with murine models of allergic airway disease, this protocol sensitizes Th2-bias BALB / c mice during the early post-weanling period, paralleling that of early human childhood (Dutta and Sengupta, 2016) . In brief, juvenile BALB / c mice are intraperitoneally sensitized to OVA at 21 and 35 days of age, followed by 3 consecutive OVA aerosol challenges on days 42-44 of age, with autopsy 24 h post final aerosol. Test compound can be administered during the study protocol.The procedure comprises: A) performing intraperitoneal sensitization on 21-day-old BALB / c mice according to a timeline shown in Fig. 10, in which in total 200 μl OVA-Alum preparation were intraperitoneally injected into the mice; B) intraperitoneal booster injection into 35-day-old mice by repeating step A) ; and C) performing 30 min 10 mg / ml OVA aerosol challenge on 42-day-old sensitized mice and repeating OVA aerosol challenge on Days 43 and 44 of age using freshly defrosted 10 mg / ml OVA solution aliquots.
Claims
1.A method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinX is hydrogen or a halogen;Y is hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl;Z is selected from -COOH, -CONH2, -CONH (CN) , -CONHSO2CH3, -CONH (OH) , -COCF3, -CH (OH) CF3, -CH2OH, and -B (OH) 2;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups, and -L-Q, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;wherein L is selected from C2-C4 alkynylene groups, an ethylenylene group, a cyclopropylene group, and a cyclobutylene group, andwherein Q is selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted four to six-membered heterocycle having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, -NR5C (O) R4, and -C (O) NR5R6, wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;wherein R4 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl; andwherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C5 alkyl groups, wherein R5 and R6 optionally form a ring, and wherein R4 and R5 optionally form a ring;R10 is (cyclopropyl) C0-C4 alkyl, in which cyclopropyl is optionally substituted with methyl or cyclopropyl or fused to a cyclopropyl group in spiro orientation, or R10 is C1-C4 alkyl substituted with cyclopropyl.2.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claim 1,wherein R3 is halogen or -L-Q;wherein L iswherein Q is a five-membered heteroaryl group selected from substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, and substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl; orwherein Q is selected from substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, and substituted or unsubstituted four-membered heterocycle having one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S, wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl.3.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, methyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and fluoromethyl.4.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compound of Formula I is 5.A method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition, in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I-a or Formula I-b and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R’ is selected fromsubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl groups; further wherein A is selected from a halomethyl group, O, and S; andR1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, methyl, and trifluoromethyl; and wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;each R” is independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.6.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claim 5, wherein the compound is selected from 7.A method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition, in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula III and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: whereinn is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups;X is hydrogen or a halogen.8.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claim 7, wherein the compound is selected from 9.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the immune disorder is selected from: autoimmune disorders of the nervous system, autoimmune disorders of the blood, autoimmune disorders of the blood vessels, autoimmune disorders of the skin, autoimmune disorders of the gastrointestinal system, autoimmune disorders of the endocrine glands, autoimmune disorders of multiple organs including connective tissue and musculoskeletal system diseases, and other immune system mediated diseases including graft-versus-host diseases and allergic disorders.10.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claim 9,wherein the autoimmune disorders of the nervous system are selected from multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune neuropathies such as Guillain-Barré, and autoimmune uveitis;wherein the autoimmune disorders of the blood are selected from autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, pure red cell anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia;wherein the autoimmune disorders of the blood vessels are selected from temporal arteritis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, vasculitides such as Wegener’s granulomatosis, and Behcet’s disease;wherein the autoimmune disorders of the skin are selected from cutaneous lupus erythematosus, Steven-Johnson syndrome, psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus vulgaris, and vitiligo;wherein the autoimmune disorders of the gastrointestinal system are selected from Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic active hepatitis, idiopathic sprue, autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, and autoimmune hepatitis;wherein the autoimmune disorders of the endocrine glands are selected from Type 1 or immune-mediated diabetes mellitus, Grave’s disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune oophoritis and orchitis, and autoimmune disorder of the adrenal gland;wherein the autoimmune disorders of multiple organs are selected from rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, spondyloarthropathies selected from ankylosing spondylitis, polychondritis, celiac disease, periodontitis, hyaline membrane disease, glomerular disease, endocrine opthalmopathy, Lupus nephritis, sarcoidosis, alveolitis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and Sjogren’s syndrome; andwherein the allergic disorders are selected from allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, chronic or recurrent otitis media, ocular allergy, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and vernal conjunctivitis, diseases affecting the nose including allergic rhinitis drug reactions, insect sting reactions, latex reactions, conjunctivitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergies.11.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claim 9, wherein the immune disorder is a kidney disease selected from hyperoxaluria, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease and kidney stone disease; and wherein the hyperoxaluria is selected from primary hyperoxaluria type 1, primary hyperoxaluria type 2, primary hyperoxaluria type 3, and secondary hyperoxaluria.12.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the inflammatory condition is selected from transplant rejection disease, chronic inflammatory conditions of the joints, inflammatory bowel diseases, inflammatory lung disorders, inflammatory disorders of the eye, chronic inflammatory conditions of the gums, inflammatory diseases of the kidney, inflammatory conditions of the skin, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, inflammatory diseases of the heart, a systemic inflammation of the body and other diseases with significant inflammatory components.13.The method of treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claim 12, wherein the transplant rejection disease is skin graft rejection;wherein the chronic inflammatory conditions of the joints are selected from arthritis, osteoarthritis and bone diseases associated with increased bone resorption;wherein the inflammatory bowel diseases are selected from ileitis and Barrett’s syndrome;wherein the inflammatory lung disorders are selected from asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive airway disease;wherein the inflammatory disorders of the eye are selected from corneal dystrophy, trachoma, onchocerciasis, uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmitis and endophthalmitis;wherein the chronic inflammatory conditions of the gums are selected from gingivitis, periodontitis, tuberculosis, and leprosy;wherein the inflammatory diseases of the kidney are selected from uremic complications, glomerulonephritis and nephrosis;wherein the inflammatory conditions of the skin are selected from sclerodermatitis, psoriasis and eczema;wherein the inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system are selected from chronic demyelinating diseases of the nervous system, multiple sclerosis, AIDS-related neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease, infectious meningitis, encephalomyelitis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and viral encephalitis, autoimmune encephalitis, and immune-complex vasculitis;wherein the inflammatory diseases of the heart are selected from cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis;wherein the systemic inflammation of the body is selected from a gram-positive shock, a gram-negative shock, a hemorrhagic shock, an anaphylactic shock, and shock induced by cancer chemotherapy in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines;wherein the other diseases with significant inflammatory components are selected from preeclampsia; chronic liver failure, brain and spinal cord trauma, psoriatic arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, nephritis, vasculitis, diverticulitis, interstitial cystitis, glomerulonephritis (with and without nephrotic syndrome, e.g. including idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or minal change nephropathy) , chronic granulomatous disease, endometriosis, leptospiriosis renal disease, glaucoma, retinal disease, complex regional pain syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, musclewasting, catabolic disorders, obesity, fetal growth retardation, hyperchlolesterolemia, , chronic heart failure, mesothelioma, anhidrotic ecodermal dysplasia, incontinentia pigmenti, Paget’s disease, pancreatitis, hereditary periodic fever syndrome, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, eosinophilia, hypersensitivities, anaphylaxis, nasal sinusitis, silica induced diseases, COPD (reduction of damage, airways inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, remodeling or disease progression) , cystic fibrosis, acid-induced lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, polyneuropathy, cataracts, muscle inflammation in conjunction with systemic sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, thyroiditis, Addison’s disease, lichen planus, Type 1 diabetes, or Type 2 diabetes, appendicitis, blepharitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, bursitis, cervicitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, chronic graft rejection, colitis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, dacryoadenitis, dermatitis, dermatomyositis, encephalitis, endocarditis, endometritis, enteritis, enterocolitis, epicondylitis, epididymitis, fasciitis, fibrositis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hepatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, interstitial lung disease, laryngitis, mastitis, meningitis, myelitis myocarditis, myositis, nephritis, oophoritis, orchitis, osteitis, otitis, pancreatitis, parotitis, pericarditis, peritonitis, pharyngitis, pleuritis, phlebitis, pneumonitis, pneumonia, polymyositis, proctitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, rhinitis, salpingitis, sinusitis, stomatitis, synovitis, tendonitis, tonsillitis, uveitis, vaginitis, vasculitis, and vulvitis.14.The method of preventing or treating an immune disorder or an inflammatory condition according to claims 1-13, wherein the compound of Formula I is administered once daily, twice daily, or three times daily.15.A method of preventing or treating a fibrosis disease in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinX is hydrogen or a halogen;Y is hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl;Z is selected from -COOH, -CONH2, -CONH (CN) , -CONHSO2CH3, -CONH (OH) , -COCF3, -CH (OH) CF3, -CH2OH, and -B (OH) 2;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy;R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups, and -L-Q, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl; wherein L is selected from C2-C4 alkynylene groups, an ethylenylene group, a cyclopropylene group, and a cyclobutylene group, andwherein Q is selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted four to six-membered heterocycle having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, -NR5C (O) R4, -C (O) NR5R6, wherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;wherein R4 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, wherein each substituent is independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl; andwherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C5 alkyl groups, wherein R5 and R6 optionally form a ring, and wherein R4 and R5 optionally form a ring;R10 is (cyclopropyl) C0-C4 alkyl, in which cyclopropyl is optionally substituted with methyl or cyclopropyl or fused to a cyclopropyl group in spiro orientation, or R10 is C1-C4 alkyl substituted with cyclopropyl;wherein the fibrosis disease is selected from cardiac fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, liver fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, bone marrow fibrosis, lung fibrosis, and skin fibrosis.16.A method of preventing or treating a fibrosis disease in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I-a and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R’ is selected fromsubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl groups; further wherein A is selected from a halomethyl group, O and S;and R1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, methyl, and trifluoromethyl; andwherein each substituent is independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl;each R” is independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.17.The method of preventing or treating a fibrosis disease according to claim 16, wherein the compound is selected from: 18.A method of preventing or treating a fibrosis disease in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula III and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: whereinn is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R is each independently selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy; C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -C (O) CH3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydronaphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted indenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptanyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydrofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted spiro [2.5] oct-5-enyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl groups;X is hydrogen or a halogen.19.The method of preventing or treating a fibrosis disease according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the cardiac fibrosis is selected from cardiac interstitial fibrosis, microscopic scar, perivascular fibrosis, and plexiform fibrosis; wherein the kidney fibrosis is selected from glomerular fibrosis, renal interstitial fibrosis, and renal vascular fibrosis; wherein the liver fibrosis is selected from virally induced hepatic cirrhosis selected from hepatitis C induced hepatic cirrhosis, NASH-induced liver fibrosis, and NAFLD-induced liver fibrosis; wherein the bone marrow fibrosis is selected from primary myelofibrosis, and secondary myelofibrosis; wherein the lung fibrosis is selected from giant cell interstitial pneumonia, sarcoidosis, respiratory distress syndrome, drug-induced lung fibrosis, granulomatosis, silicosis, and asbestosis.20.A method of preventing or treating an immune disorder, autoimmune disorder or an inflammatory condition in a person in need thereof, comprising administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of an LDH inhibitor.
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