Proactive device-based cellular connection management
By using location-based strategy information to select cells with higher connectivity scores based on application-dependent QoS requirements, the wireless device effectively manages cellular connections, enhancing user experience through improved network performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/116203
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless devices struggle to manage cellular connections effectively based on application-dependent quality of service (QoS) requirements, leading to poor user experiences due to inadequate resource allocation and network prioritization.
A wireless device proactively manages cellular connections by using stored location-based strategy information to select alternative cells with higher connectivity scores, based on application-dependent QoS trigger conditions, and updates connectivity scores accordingly.
This approach enables the wireless device to switch to cells that meet QoS requirements, improving user experience by ensuring better network coverage and data throughput for applications.
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Figure CN2023116203_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PROACTIVE DEVICE-BASED CELLULAR CONNECTION MANAGEMENTFIELD
[0001] The described embodiments set forth techniques for device-based cellular connection management proactively performed by a wireless device. The wireless device can use stored location-based strategy information of cell connectivity scores for a location of the wireless device to select another cell for connection responsive to an application-dependent quality of service (QoS) trigger condition being satisfied.BACKGROUND
[0002] Many wireless devices are configured to use removable Universal Integrated Circuit Cards (UICCs) that enable the wireless devices to access services provided by Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) . In particular, each UICC includes at least a microprocessor and a read-only memory (ROM) , where the ROM is configured to store an MNO profile that the wireless device can use to register and interact with an MNO to obtain wireless services via a cellular wireless network. A profile may also be referred to as subscriber identity module (SIM) . Typically, a UICC takes the form of a small removable card, commonly referred to as a SIM card, which is inserted into a UICC-receiving bay of a wireless device. In more recent implementations, UICCs are being embedded directly into system boards of wireless devices as embedded UICCs (eUICCs) , which can provide advantages over traditional, removable UICCs. The eUICCs can include a rewritable memory that can facilitate installation, modification, and / or deletion of one or more electronic SIMs (eSIMs) on the eUICC, where the eSIMs can provide for new and / or different services and / or updates for accessing extended features provided by MNOs. An eUICC can store a number of MNO profiles-also referred to herein as eSIMs-and can eliminate the need to include UICC-receiving bays in wireless devices. More recently, integrated SIMs (iSIMs) have been proposed as a type of SIM that integrates directly into device hardware, e.g., a device processor and / or attached memory and / or a system on a chip (SoC) component, without use of a separate eUICC to store the iSIM.
[0003] Wireless devices that support use of UICCs, eSIMs, and / or iSIMs, referred to herein generically as SIMs, provide for customization of cellular wireless service usage, for example connecting to different cellular wireless networks based on cellular network availability and / or user preferences. In addition, cellular wireless networks associated with a given SIM can provide cellular wireless connectivity using different cells having different radio characteristics. In some cases, quality of service (QoS) for an application on a wireless device via a cellular connection may be not met by a presently used cell of a cellular wireless network; however, network prioritization for cellular resources by the cellular wireless network may keep the wireless device on the presently used cell, resulting in a poor user experience via the application. There exists a need for device-based cellular connection management that accounts for application-dependent QoS to improve user experience of cellular wireless connectivity.SUMMARY
[0004] This Application sets forth techniques to manage cellular connectivity for a wireless device proactively based on quality of service (QoS) requirements for an application on the wireless device using a cellular connection to a first cell of a cellular wireless network. The wireless device can search for one or more alternative cells to which to switch the cellular connection responsive to determining a QoS trigger condition for the application is satisfied. The QoS trigger condition can include weighted factors that depend on an application type for the application in use by the wireless device. The wireless device can maintain location-based strategy information that includes connectivity scores for various cells of cellular wireless networks, the connectivity scores reflecting success or failure of the cell to meet QoS conditions for one or more applications of the wireless device using cellular connections at particular geographic locations. When cell connection information for a present location of the wireless device is available in the stored location-based strategy information, the wireless device can attempt to switch the cellular connection to a second cell of the cellular wireless network, the second cell having a relatively higher cell connectivity score for the cellular wireless network at the present location. When the second cell meets QoS requirements for the application using the cellular connection, the wireless device can update cell connectivity scores in the stored location-based strategy information to lower the cell connectivity score for the first cell and raise the cell connectivity score for the second cell. When the second cell does not meet QoS requirements for the application using the cellular connection or when there are no cell connectivity scores for cells at the present location, the wireless device can perform a cell search procedure to locate and connect to a suitable cell to which to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device. When successfully connecting to a suitable cell found by the cell search procedure that also satisfies the QoS requirements for the application using the cellular connection, the wireless device can update cell connectivity scores in the location-based strategy table based on results of the cell search, e.g., lower the connectivity score for the first cell and raise the connectivity score for the suitable cell. In some embodiments, the cell search procedure prioritizes searching for cells in the following order: i) using a same radio frequency (RF) as the first cell, ii) using a same RF band as the first cell, iii) using a different RF band than used by the first cell, iv) using a different radio access technology (RAT) than the first cell, iv) using a different subscriber identity module (SIM) than used to connect to the first cell.
[0005] Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the described embodiments.
[0006] This Summary is provided merely for purposes of summarizing some example embodiments so as to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the subject matter described herein. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the above-described features are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following Detailed Description, Figures, and Claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements.
[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of different components of an exemplary system configured to implement the various techniques described herein, according to some embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a more detailed view of exemplary components of the system of FIG. 1, according to some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 3A illustrates tables of exemplary trigger factors for a wireless device to monitor for proactive cell connection management, according to some embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 3B illustrates exemplary location-based strategy information that a wireless device uses to track connectivity scores for cells of wireless networks, according to some embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary cellular connection monitoring process performed by a wireless device, according to some embodiments.
[0013] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate flowcharts of an exemplary cellular connection management process performed by a wireless device, according to some embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method performed by a wireless device to manage cellular connectivity proactively by a wireless device, according to some embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of exemplary elements of a wireless device, according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] Representative applications of methods and apparatus according to the present application are described in this section. These examples are being provided solely to add context and aid in the understanding of the described embodiments. It will thus be apparent to one skilled in the art that the described embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the described embodiments. Other applications are possible, such that the following examples should not be taken as limiting.
[0017] In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in accordance with the described embodiments. Although these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the described embodiments, it is understood that these examples are not limiting; such that other embodiments may be used, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the described embodiments.
[0018] This Application sets forth techniques to manage cellular connectivity for a wireless device proactively based on quality of service (QoS) requirements for an application on the wireless device using a cellular connection to a cell of a cellular wireless network. Cellular network service quality for a wireless device can depend on multiple factors, such as coverage provided by a radio access network (RAN) , operational strategies of the cellular wireless network to provide fair access to cellular resources to multiple wireless devices, core network capabilities, etc. Allocation of cellular wireless resources by a cellular wireless network may not meet individual needs of a wireless device or may not be based on requirements for an application of a wireless device that requires cellular wireless connectivity. Heavy loading of a cellular radio access network cell or limitations on an amount of cellular wireless resources available for allocation to multiple wireless devices can result in relatively lower levels of cellular resources being allocated to the wireless device, which can impact use of particular applications on the wireless device that require cellular connectivity. A cellular wireless network can configure the use of particular radio access technologies (RATs) , radio frequency (RF) bands, and particular radio frequencies within an RF band and can dictate their use for multiple wireless devices according to a resource allocation strategy managed by the cellular wireless network. In some cases, the use of particular RATs, RF bands, and / or radio frequencies by a cellular wireless network can depend on a geographic location at which cellular wireless service is offered. Certain RF bands can be used in outdoor locations, while other RF bands can be reserved for indoor locations, particularly to allow for different RF signal propagation properties needed in the different locations (indoor locations typically having more obstructions. ) In certain circumstances, cellular wireless resources of a serving cell can be limited at certain locations, such as in a below ground level public transportation system or in underground levels of structures. In some locations, competition for access to cellular resources can be high, such as at crowded locations of buildings or events. In some cases, a low data throughput rate via a cellular connection can impede use of a particular application on a wireless device that requires cellular connectivity with higher QoS than being provided, and the cellular wireless network can be unable to identify the mismatch between the application’s QoS requirements and the cellular resources allocated to the wireless device. While the cellular wireless network seeks to distribute access to cellular resources fairly to multiple wireless devices, an individual cellular wireless device may be unable to obtain adequate cellular resources for its intended use and may not receive instructions from the cellular wireless network to search for cellular resources via other cells of a same or different cellular wireless network. In such cases, use of an application on the wireless device via a cellular connection with inadequate cellular resources can be stalled.
[0019] Representative scenarios, in which implementing device-based proactive cellular connection management (rather than waiting for network-based cellular connection handover or reselection) can improve user experience of applications with QoS issues via cellular connectivity, include: i) better network coverage at a particular location with a different RAT, e.g., 5G new radio (NR) rather than 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) to which access is blocked by a network strategy to keep wireless devices on 4G LTE at that location, where connectivity via the 4G LTE RAT may be inadequate for a user’s application, such as Internet browsing; ii) higher data throughput connectivity available via a different SIM of the wireless device than the currently used SIM, where the cellular wireless network of the currently used SIM will not direct the device to switch SIMs in use; iii) parallel use of different RF band combinations for primary cell and secondary cell connections can provide different data throughput capabilities, where the cellular wireless network will not change the RF band combination in use to improve throughput performance. With device-based cellular connection management, a wireless connection to a cell that is better matched to a QoS requirement for the wireless device can be determined and provided to improve the user experience of cellular wireless connectivity.
[0020] The wireless device can search for one or more alternative cells to which to switch the cellular connection responsive to determining a QoS trigger condition for the application is satisfied. Switching the cellular connection can include camping on and establishing a new cellular connection with a different cell of a same cellular wireless network or of a different cellular wireless network. In some cases, the wireless device can connect to a cell using a same subscriber identity module (SIM) as used for the connection to the first cell of the cellular wireless network. In some cases, the wireless device can establish a connection with a cell using a different SIM of the wireless device. In some cases, the wireless device uses cell connectivity information stored in the wireless device to determine a cell most likely to provide a cellular connection with adequate QoS for the wireless device, such as stored location-based strategy information that indicates cell connectivity results for various cells as determined by the wireless device previously. In some cases, the wireless device performs a cell search procedure to determine a cell having (or likely to have) QoS characteristics for a cellular connection that satisfies QoS requirements for the application executing on the wireless device that requires cellular connectivity.
[0021] The QoS trigger condition that can cause the wireless device to determine to find another cell, different from the cell presently used, can include weighted factors that depend on an application type for the application in use by the wireless device with cellular connectivity. In some cases, the QoS trigger condition is satisfied when one or more immediate trigger factors for a cellular connection indicate a data stall. Exemplary immediate trigger factors include: i) a domain name system (DNS) failure, ii) an internet packet data network (PDN) status, iii) a total random access channel (RACH) failure, iv) a transport channel protocol (TCP) round trip time (RTT) exceeding an RTT threshold, or v) barred access for the wireless device to the first cell of the cellular wireless network. In some embodiments, the QoS trigger conditions is satisfied when a weighted factor score for the cellular connection satisfies an application-dependent QoS threshold. In some embodiments, the weighted factor score is determined based on a combination of QoS factors, each QoS factor weighted based on an application type for an application using the current cellular connection. Exemplary QoS factors to include in a weighted factor score include: i) a ping delay, ii) uplink (UL) data throughput, iii) UL grants and scheduling, iv) queueing time for UL data, v) downlink (DL) data throughput, vi) radio frequency (RF) bandwidth of the first cell, vii) a jitter level, or viii) a packet loss rate. Exemplary application types include: cellular voice call, cellular video call, real-time data connection, gaming, delay-sensitive application, data rate dependent application (in DL and / or UL directions) , video streaming, web surfing, application downloading, etc. QoS factors can be weighted differently for different application types, emphasizing QoS factors that most impact performance of an application of the application type.
[0022] In some embodiments, the wireless device maintains stored location-based strategy information that includes connectivity scores for various cells of cellular wireless networks, the connectivity scores reflecting success or failure of the cell to meet QoS conditions for one or more applications of the wireless device using cellular connections at particular geographic locations. When cell connectivity information for a present location of the wireless device is not available in the stored location-based strategy information, the wireless device can perform a prioritized cell search procedure to determine a suitable cell at the present location. When cell connectivity information for a present location of the wireless device is available in the stored location-based strategy information, the wireless device can attempt to switch the cellular connection to a second cell of the cellular wireless network, the second cell having a relatively higher (or highest) cell connectivity score for the cellular wireless network at the present location. In some cases, cells that are applicable for a SIM used by the wireless device for a current cellular connection are prioritized over cells that require use of a different SIM, e.g., the second cell having the relatively higher (or highest) cell connectivity score among those cells that work with a current SIM is attempted first. When the second cell meets QoS requirements for the application using the cellular connection, the wireless device can update cell connectivity scores in the stored location-based strategy information, e.g., lower the connectivity score for the first cell to which the QoS requirements for the application were insufficient and raise the connectivity score for the second cell on which the QoS requirements for the application are met.
[0023] When the second cell does not meet QoS requirements for the application using the cellular connection, or when there are no cell connectivity scores available for cells at the present location, the wireless device can perform a cell search procedure to locate and connect to a suitable cell to which to switch (or attempt to switch) the cellular connection of the wireless device. When successfully connecting to a suitable cell found by the cell search procedure that also satisfies the QoS requirements for the application using the cellular connection, the wireless device can update cell connectivity scores in the stored location-based strategy information based on results of the cell search, e.g., lower the connectivity score for the first cell which did not satisfy the QoS requirements and raise the connectivity score for the suitable cell that does satisfy the QoS requirements. In some embodiments, the cell search procedure prioritizes searching for cells in the following order: i) using a same radio frequency (RF) as the first cell, ii) using a same RF band as the first cell, iii) using a different RF band than used by the first cell, iv) using a different radio access technology (RAT) than the first cell, v) using a different subscriber identity module (SIM) than used to connect to the first cell.
[0024] These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to FIGS. 1–7; however, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting.
[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of different components of a system 100 that is configured to implement the various techniques described herein, according to some embodiments. More specifically, FIG. 1 illustrates a high-level overview of the system 100, which, as shown, includes a wireless device 102, which can also be referred to as a device, a mobile wireless device, a mobile device, a user equipment (UE) and the like, a group of base stations 112-1 to 112-N that are managed by different Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) 114, and a set of MNO provisioning servers 116 that are in communication with the MNOs 114. Additional MNO infrastructure servers, such as used for account management and billing are not shown. The wireless device 102 can represent a cellular-capable computing device (e.g., an or an by ) or a cellular-capable wearable device (e.g., an Apple Watch) , the base stations 112-1 to 112-n can represent cellular wireless network entities, including evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs or eNBs) for fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE) wireless networks and / or next generation NodeBs (gNodeBs or gNB) for fifth generation (5G) wireless networks (or comparable nodes for future generation wireless networks) , where the cellular wireless network entities are configured to communicate with the wireless device 102, and the MNOs 114 can represent different wireless service providers that provide specific cellular wireless services (e.g., voice and data) to which the wireless device 102 can subscribe, such as via a cellular wireless service subscription account for a user of the wireless device 102.
[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless device 102 can include processing circuitry, which can include one or more processor (s) 104 and a memory 106, and wireless circuitry 110 used for transmission and reception of cellular wireless radio frequency signals. The wireless circuitry 110 can include analog hardware components, such as antennas and amplifiers, as well as digital processing components, such as signal processors (and / or general / limited purpose processors) and associated memory. In some embodiments, the wireless device 102 includes an embedded universal integrated circuit card (eUICC) 108 for storing one or more electronic SIMs (eSIMs) . In some embodiments, the wireless device 102 includes (or is capable of including) one or more integrated SIMs (iSIMs) stored securely in hardware of the wireless device 102, e.g., in a processor (104) , in memory (106) , or in a system on a chip (SoC) component. In some embodiments, the wireless device 102 includes one or more physical UICCs 118, also referred to as Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards, in addition to or substituting for one or more eSIMs on the eUICC 108 or one or more iSIMs stored in hardware of the wireless device 102. The components of the wireless device 102 work together to enable the wireless device 102 to provide useful features to a user of the wireless device 102, such as cellular wireless network access, non-cellular wireless network access, localized computing, location-based services, and Internet connectivity. The eUICC 108 can be configured to store multiple electronic SIMs (eSIMs) for accessing cellular wireless services provided by different MNOs 114 by connecting to their respective cellular wireless networks through a base station 112 (or via multiple base stations 112) , such as one or more of the base stations 112-1 to 112-N illustrated. For example, the eUICC 108 can be configured to store and manage one or more eSIMs for one or more MNOs 114 for different cellular wireless service subscriptions to which the wireless device 102 is subscribed. To be able to access cellular wireless services provided by an MNO 114, can be eSIM reserved for download and installation to the eUICC 108. The eUICC 108 can store one or more eSIMs obtained from one or more associated MNO provisioning servers 116. An MNO provisioning server 116 can be maintained by a manufacturer of the wireless device 102, by an MNO 114, by a third party entity, or the like. Communication of eSIM data between an MNO provisioning server 116 and the eUICC 108 (or between the MNO provisioning server 116 and processing circuitry of the wireless device 102 external to the eUICC 108, e.g., the processor 104) can use a secure communication channel. Similarly, one or more iSIMs can be stored securely in hardware of the wireless device 102 to enable access to cellular wireless services. The wireless device 102 can obtain cellular connectivity using any of a SIM card (e.g., UICC 118) , an eSIM on an eUICC 018, or via an iSIM, which will be referred to generically herein as SIMs. When a cellular connection to a current cell of a cellular wireless network for a currently used SIM does not satisfy QoS requirements for an application using the cellular connection, the wireless device 102 can determine to connect to a different cell of the cellular wireless network, to change a radio frequency (RF) used, to change a RF band used, to change a radio access technology (RAT) used, to change to another cellular wireless network, and / or to change to using a different SIM of the wireless device 102 to provide cellular connectivity that meets the QoS requirements of the application using cellular connectivity.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a more detailed view 200 of particular components of the wireless device 102 of FIG. 1, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, the processor (s) 104, in conjunction with memory 106, can implement a main operating system (OS) 202 that is configured to execute applications 204 (e.g., native OS applications and user applications) . As also shown in FIG. 2, the eUICC 108 can be configured to implement an eUICC OS 206 that is configured to manage hardware resources of the eUICC 108 (e.g., a processor and a memory embedded in the eUICC 108) . The eUICC OS 206 can also be configured to manage eSIMs 208 that are stored by the eUICC 108, e.g., by downloading, installing, deleting, enabling, disabling, modifying, or otherwise performing management of the eSIMs 208 within the eUICC 108 and providing wireless circuitry 110 with access to the eSIMs 208 to provide access to cellular wireless services for the wireless device 102. The eUICC 108 OS can include an eSIM manager 210, which can perform management functions for various eSIMs 208. According to the illustration shown in FIG. 2, each eSIM 208 can include a number of applets 212 that define the manner in which the eSIM 208 operates. For example, one or more of the applets 212, when implemented in conjunction with wireless circuitry 110 and the eUICC 108, can be configured to enable the wireless device 102 to communicate with an MNO 114 and provide useful features (e.g., phone calls and internet access) to a user of the wireless device 102.
[0028] As also shown in FIG. 2, the wireless circuitry 110 of the wireless device 102 can include a baseband OS 214 that is configured to manage hardware resources of the wireless circuitry 110 (e.g., a processor, a memory, different radio components, etc. ) . According to some embodiments, the wireless circuitry 110 can implement a baseband manager 216 that is configured to interface with the eUICC 108 to establish a secure channel with an MNO provisioning server 116 and obtaining information (such as eSIM / iSIM data) from the MNO provisioning server 116 for purposes of managing eSIMs 208 and / or iSIMs. The baseband manager 216 can be configured to implement services 218, which represents a collection of software modules that are instantiated by way of the various applets 212 of enabled eSIMs 208 that are included in the eUICC 108 and / or iSIMs in the wireless device 102. For example, services 218 can be configured to manage different connections between the wireless device 102 and MNOs 114 according to the different eSIMs 208 that are enabled within the eUICC 108 (and / or different iSIMs enabled in hardware of the wireless device 102) . For one or more iSIMs embedded directly in hardware of the wireless device 102, e.g., in a processor 104, memory 106, or an SoC (not shown) , the one or more iSIMs can contain modules that provide similar functionality as those illustrated for eSIMs 208, and supporting eSIM software / firmware, such as the eSIM manager 210 and eUICC OS 206, can be provided by similar software / firmware elements in the hardware of the wireless device 102 in which the one or more iSIMs are stored.
[0029] FIG. 3A illustrates tables 300, 320 of trigger factors that can be used to determine whether QoS for a cellular connection is satisfactory for an application of a wireless device 102 that is using the cellular connection. A QoS trigger condition can be satisfied based on whether one or immediate trigger factors have been satisfied and / or based on whether a weighted factor score for the cellular connection satisfies an application-dependent QoS threshold. Service quality for a cellular connection can be evaluated differently for different applications that use the cellular connection. An application such as a voice connection can require different QoS characteristics for the cellular connection than a real-time video connection or an application download. Trigger factors can be weighted based on an application type for the application that is using the cellular connection. When more than one application is using a cellular connection of the wireless device 102, a weighted factor score for each application can be calculated to determine whether QoS for the cellular connection satisfies each application individually.
[0030] Table 300 lists an exemplary set of immediate trigger factors that can be used to determine to change from using a current cell of a cellular wireless network by the wireless device 102 to another cell of the same or of a different cellular wireless network. In some cases, when at least one immediate trigger factor is satisfied, the wireless device 102 can identify that a data stall for the cellular connection has occurred and the QoS trigger condition can be satisfied to switch the cellular connection to another cell (if available and able to satisfied QoS conditions for one or more applications) . Exemplary immediate trigger factors include: : i) a domain name system (DNS) failure, ii) an internet packet data network (PDN) status, iii) a total random access channel (RACH) failure, iv) a transport channel protocol (TCP) round trip time (RTT) exceeding an RTT threshold, or v) barred access for the wireless device to the first cell of the cellular wireless network. In some cases an immediate trigger factor includes a combination of factors that influence data throughput in the downlink (DL) direction or the uplink (UL) direction, e.g., an UL data buffer status, which can indicate an UL data stall, a number of granted radio bearers (RBs) , which can indicate limited cellular resource availability from the cellular wireless network, and a scheduling rate, which can also indicate availability of cellular resources for the wireless device 102.
[0031] Table 320 lists an exemplary set of QoS factors that can be weighted based on a application type of an application using a cellular connection to determine an application-weighted trigger factor score. Exemplary QoS factors that can be used to determine the application-weighted trigger factor score include: i) a ping delay, ii) uplink (UL) data throughput, iii) UL grants and scheduling, iv) queueing time for UL data, v) downlink (DL) data throughput, vi) radio frequency (RF) bandwidth of the first cell, vii) a jitter level, or viii) a packet loss rate. Different weightings can be used for different application types. For example a DL data throughput rate can be weighted as a most significant (or higher significant) QoS factor for a download service, while a packet loss rate and / or a jitter level can be weighted more highly for a real-time video application, such as a FaceTime call, for a video streaming service, or for a gaming application. The quality of the cellular connection can be assessed for one or more applications using (or in some cases expected to use) the cellular connection. Exemplary application types include: cellular voice call, cellular video call, real-time data connection, gaming, delay-sensitive application, data rate dependent application (in DL and / or UL directions) , video streaming, web surfing, application downloading, etc. QoS factors can be weighted differently for different application types, emphasizing QoS factors that most impact performance of an application of the application type.
[0032] Table 340 illustrates an example of combining normalized QoS factor scores with application-dependent weighting factors to determine whether a QoS trigger conditions is satisfied to switch the cellular connection to another cell. Each of the QoS factors listed in table 320 can be normalized to a common range of values, e.g., from 0 to 1, and combined using weightings that are application dependent. QoS factors that are more relevant for a particular application can be weighted more, while QoS factors that are less relevant for the particular application can be weighted less. Weighted QoS factor scores for each QoS factor can be determined for the application, where each weighted QoS factor score also falls within a normalized range of values, e.g., from 0 to 1. An application weighted QoS factor score for a data connection relevant for the application can be determined as a sum of the weighted QoS factor scores. When the application weighted QoS factor score satisfies a QoS threshold, which can also be application dependent, the wireless device 102 can determine that a data stall has occurred for the cellular connection and seek to switch the cellular connection from a currently used cell to another cell.
[0033] When a QoS trigger condition for an application using a cellular connection is satisfied, the wireless device 102 can first use location-based strategy information stored at the wireless device 102 to determine another cell to which to attempt to switch the cellular connection (or to which to establish a new cellular connection) . The location-based strategy information can be stored at the wireless device 102 in a searchable format, such as in a table, a database, or other tagged data structure. FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary table 380 that includes location-based strategy information for various cells of various cellular wireless networks at different locations. The information is organized by geographic location, e.g., longitude and latitude values, and by cell specific identifier values for each SIM of a wireless device 102. In some cases, the same cell can be associated with different SIMs of the wireless device. Cell specific information, such as a radio frequency (RF) used by the cell, an RF band and / or RF band combinations used by the cell, a radio access technology (RAT) used by the cell can also be included in the location-based strategy information for each cell identified by a physical cell identity (PCI) value. Thus, each cell column of the exemplary location-based strategy table 380 can represent a particular combination of RAT, RF band, RF band combo, RF value, and associated SIM for a cell, with connectivity values at different distinct locations. The wireless device 102 can also maintain user designations for various SIMs, such as whether a particular SIM is preferred or not preferred for cellular data services. Responsive to the QoS trigger condition for an application being satisfied, the wireless device 102 can determine whether cell connectivity scores for one or more cells, for a current geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating, are available in the stored location-based strategy information. When cell connectivity scores for at least one cell (other than the currently used cell) is available, the wireless device 102 can attempt to connect to a cell having a highest cell connectivity score for the current location in the stored location-based strategy information. In some cases, the wireless device 102 only considers cells at the current location that are also usable with the currently used SIM. In some cases, the wireless device 102 considers cells at the current location that are also usable with the currently used SIM before considering cells at the current location that require use of a different SIM of the wireless device 102. The wireless device 102 can proactively search for a cell with a relatively higher (or highest) connectivity score for the current location (in some cases restricted to those cells of the current SIM) and attempt to connect to that cell. When the wireless device 102 is able to locate and connect to the cell determined from the stored location-based strategy information and the cell meets the QoS requirements for the application using cellular service that triggered the proactive cell switching, the wireless device 102 can remain connected to the new cell, and update cell connectivity values in the stored location-based strategy information for the current location. For example, a cell connectivity score for the initial cell, which did not meet the QoS requirements for the application, at the current location can be decremented, while a connectivity score for the new cell, which did meet the QoS requirements for the application can be incremented. Cell connectivity values for a particular cell at a particular location when first created for the location-based strategy information can be initialized with a cell connectivity score of negative one for a particular location, when the QoS trigger condition for searching for another cell was satisfied (i.e., the cell did not meet the QoS requirements for an application of the wireless device at that location) , or a value of zero for the particular location, when QoS trigger conditions are not known. In some embodiments, a cell connectivity score for a particular location for a particular cell can be incremented by plus one when the particular cell is selected for a new cellular connection over an existing cellular connection that does not meet QoS requirements. In some cases, a cell connectivity score of a cell can be decremented by minus one for a particular location when the cell fails to meet QoS requirements, e.g., a presently used cell does not meet QoS requirements of an application and satisfies a QoS trigger condition to search for a new cell, or the wireless device 102 connects to a new cell that then fails to meet the QoS requirements for an application of the wireless device 102 that uses a cellular connection to the new cell.
[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart 400 of an exemplary cellular connection monitor process performed by a wireless device 102 to determine whether a QoS trigger condition for an application using a cellular connection of the wireless device 102 is satisfied. At step 402, the wireless device 102 initiates the cellular connection monitor process. At step 404, the wireless device 102 determines whether at least one immediate trigger factor has occurred, indicating QoS requirements for an application executing on the wireless device 102 and using a cellular connection (or expected to or trying to use a cellular connection) are not met. Exemplary immediate trigger factors include those summarized in table 300 of FIG. 3A. When at least one immediate trigger factor is satisfied, as determined at step 404, the wireless device 102, at step 412, can determine that there is inadequate QoS via a current cellular connection for at least one application of the wireless device 102 that is using (or requires use of) a cellular connection. As a result of the QoS trigger connection being satisfied, the wireless device 102 can determine another cell using stored location-based strategy information maintained by the wireless device 102 and / or by performing a cell search procedure to find and connect to a suitable cell that can satisfy (or is likely to satisfy) the QoS requirements of the at least one application of the wireless device 102. When no immediate trigger factors are satisfied, as determined at step 404, the wireless device 102, at step 406 can calculate an application-weighted trigger factor score for at least one application of the wireless device 102 that is using (or is expected to use) a current cellular connection. The application-weighted trigger factor score can be calculated as described for table 340 of FIG. 3A. In some embodiments, application-weighted trigger factor scores can be calculated for each of multiple applications that use (or are expected to use) a cellular connection of the wireless device 102. At step 408, the wireless device 102 can determine whether the application-weighted trigger factor score satisfies a threshold, which can be an application-dependent threshold value. When the application-weighted trigger factor score satisfies the threshold, as determined at step 408, the wireless device 102, at step 412 can determine that there is inadequate QoS via a current cellular connection for at least one application of the wireless device 102 that is using (or requires use of) a cellular connection and can attempt to switch the cellular connection to another cell (or establish a new cellular connection to another cell) . A new cell with which to establish a new cellular connection can be determined using stored location-based strategy maintained by the wireless device 102 and / or based on a prioritized cell search procedure performed by the wireless device 102. When the application-weighted trigger factor score does not satisfy the threshold triggering a cell change, the wireless device 102, at step 410 can reset a periodic timer and await timeout of the periodic timer before returning to monitoring for immediate trigger factors and calculating application-weighted trigger factor scores for one or more applications using cellular connections of the wireless device 102.
[0035] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate flowcharts 500, 520 of an exemplary method for cellular connection management proactively performed by a wireless device 102. The cellular connection management process can be initiated by the wireless device 102 when a QoS trigger condition is satisfied, e.g., at step 502, the wireless device 102 can determine that QoS requirements for an application of the wireless device 102 that uses a current cellular connection (or is expected to use the current cellular connection) are not met. In some embodiments, the wireless device 102 initiates the cellular connection management process responsive to a cellular connection monitor process, such as outlined by the flowchart 400 of FIG. 4, determining that an application-dependent QoS trigger condition is satisfied. At step 504, the wireless device 102 obtains geographic location information for a geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating. At step 506, the wireless device 102 determines whether stored location-based strategy information maintained by the wireless device 102 includes cell connectivity scores for the geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating. When the stored location-based strategy information does not include cell connectivity scores for the geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating, the wireless device 102 can proceed to perform a cell search procedure as detailed in the flowchart 520 of FIG. 5B. When the stored location-based strategy information includes cell connectivity scores for the geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating, the wireless device 102, at step 508, can attempt to camp on and establish a connection to a target cell determined from cell connectivity scores, for the geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating, obtained from the stored location-based strategy information. In some embodiments, the wireless device 102 attempts to connect to a target cell having a relatively higher (or highest) cell connectivity score for the current geographic location of the wireless device 102. In some embodiments, the wireless device 102 attempts to connect to a target cell having a relatively higher (highest cell connectivity score for the current geographic location of the wireless device 102 and for which a change of SIM in use by the wireless device 102 for the cellular connection is not required. At step 510, the wireless device 102 determines whether the cellular connection has been successfully switched (or a new cellular connection successfully established) to the target cell. When a successful cellular connection to the target cell is not established, as determined at step 510, the wireless device 102 can proceed to perform a cell search procedure as detailed in the flowchart 520 of FIG. 5B. When a successful cellular connection to the target cell is established, as determined at step 510, the wireless device 102, at step 512, can determine whether the cellular connection to the target cell satisfies application-dependent QoS requirements for an application of the wireless device 102 using (or expected to use) cellular connectivity via the newly established cellular connection to the target cell. When the target cell does not provide adequate QoS for the application, e.g., a QoS trigger condition for the application is also satisfied by the target cell, the wireless device 102 can proceed to perform a cell search procedure as detailed in the flowchart 520 of FIG. 5B. When the target cell does provide adequate QoS for the application, as determined at step 512, the wireless device 102, at step 514 can update cell connectivity scores for one or more cells at the current geographic location of the wireless device 102 in stored location-based strategy information maintained by the wireless device 102. In some embodiments, a cell connectivity score for the cell to which the previous cell connection that satisfied the QoS trigger condition (i.e., had inadequate QoS for the application) can be decremented, while the cell connectivity score for the target (new) cell, to which the cell connection is switched (or to which a new cell connection is established) and for which the QoS trigger condition is not satisfied (i.e., adequate QoS for the application) , can be incremented.
[0036] When there are no cell connectivity scores for the current location in the stored location-based strategy information or when a target cell does not satisfy QoS requirements for the application, the wireless device 102 can continue the cellular connection management process by performing a prioritized cell search procedure as detailed in flowchart 520 of FIG. 5B. At step 522, the wireless device 102 searches for and attempts to camp on one or more suitable cells that use the same radio frequency as the current cell. When the wireless device 102 has successfully established a cellular connection (or switched the cellular connection) to a suitable cell with the same radio frequency, and the suitable cell has adequate application-dependent QoS for the application that requires cellular connectivity, as determined at step 524, the wireless device 102 can remain connected to the suitable cell and, at step 544, update cell connectivity scores for the current geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating in the stored location-based strategy information, e.g., by decrementing the previous cell’s cell connectivity count for the current geographic location and incrementing the new, suitable cell’s cell connectivity count for the current geographic location. When no suitable cell that uses the current radio frequency and has adequate application-dependent QoS is found, the wireless device 102, at step 526, searches for and attempts to camp on one or more suitable cells that use a different radio frequency from the radio frequency used by the current cell but in the same radio frequency band as the current cell. When the wireless device 102 has successfully established a cellular connection (or switched the cellular connection) to a suitable cell with a different radio frequency in the same radio frequency band as the previously used cell, and the suitable cell has adequate application-dependent QoS for the application that requires cellular connectivity, as determined at step 528, the wireless device 102 can remain connected to the suitable cell and, at step 544, update cell connectivity scores for the current geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating. When no suitable cell that uses the same radio frequency band and has adequate application-dependent QoS is found, the wireless device 102, at step 530, searches for and attempts to camp on one or more suitable cells that use a different radio frequency band than used by the current cell. When the wireless device 102 has successfully established a cellular connection (or switched the cellular connection) to a suitable cell with a radio frequency in a different radio frequency band, and the suitable cell has adequate application-dependent QoS for the application that requires cellular connectivity, as determined at step 532, the wireless device 102 can remain connected to the suitable cell and, at step 544, update cell connectivity scores for the current geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating. When no suitable cell that uses a different radio frequency band and has adequate application-dependent QoS is found, the wireless device 102, at step 534, searches for and attempts to camp on one or more suitable cells that use a different radio access technology (RAT) than used by the current cell. When the wireless device 102 has successfully established a cellular connection (or switched the cellular connection) to a suitable cell using a different RAT, and the suitable cell has adequate application-dependent QoS for the application that requires cellular connectivity, as determined at step 536, the wireless device 102 can remain connected to the suitable cell and, at step 544, update cell connectivity scores for the current geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating. When no suitable cell that uses a different RAT and has adequate application-dependent QoS is found, the wireless device 102, at step 538, searches for and attempts to camp on one or more suitable cells that use a different SIM from the SIM used by the current cell. When the wireless device 102 has successfully established a cellular connection (or switched the cellular connection) to a suitable cell using a different SIM, and the suitable cell has adequate application-dependent QoS for the application that requires cellular connectivity, as determined at step 540, the wireless device 102 can remain connected to the suitable cell and, at step 544, update cell connectivity scores for the current geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating. When no suitable cell that uses a different SIM and has adequate application-dependent QoS is found, the wireless device 102, at step 542, can return to using the cellular connection of (or switch the cellular connection back to) the initial cell and subsequently, at step 544, update cell connectivity scores for the current geographic location at which the wireless device 102 is operating.
[0037] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart 600 for an exemplary method for proactive cellular connection management performed by a wireless device 102. At step 602, the wireless device 102 determines a quality of service (QoS) trigger condition is satisfied for an application using a cellular connection to a first cell of a cellular wireless network. At step 604, the wireless device 102, when cell connection information for a present location of the wireless device 102 is available in stored location-based strategy information for cell connectivity maintained by the wireless device 102, requests to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device 102 to a second cell of the cellular wireless network, the second cell having a comparatively higher (or highest cell) connectivity score in the stored location-based strategy information for the cellular wireless network at the present location. At step 606, the wireless device 102, when cell connection information for the present location is not available or a QoS of the second cell does not satisfy a threshold QoS for the application using the cellular connection, performs the following actions: i) performing a cell search procedure to locate and connect to a suitable cell to which to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device 102, and ii) updating cell connectivity scores for the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on results of the cell search procedure.
[0038] In some embodiments, the wireless device 102 updates a cell connectivity score for the second cell of the cellular wireless network at the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on whether the QoS of the second cell satisfies the threshold QoS for the application using the cellular connection. In some embodiments, updates to the cell connectivity score for the second cell of the cellular wireless network at the present location include: i) decrementing a cell connectivity score for the second cell at the present location when the threshold QoS for the application was not satisfied after connecting to the second cell, and ii) incrementing a cell connectivity score for the second cell at the present location when the threshold QoS for the application was satisfied after connecting to the second cell. In some embodiments, updates to the cell connectivity scores at the present location in the stored location-based strategy information include: i) decrementing a cell connectivity score for an attempted cell at the present location for which the threshold QoS for the application was not satisfied after locating and connecting to the attempted cell as part of the cell search procedure, and ii) incrementing a cell connectivity score for a sufficient cell at the present location for which the threshold QoS for the application was satisfied after locating and connecting to the sufficient cell as part of the cell search procedure. In some embodiments, the QoS trigger condition is satisfied when at least one immediate trigger factor for the cellular connection to the first cell indicates a data stall. In some embodiments, the at least one immediate trigger factor includes one or more of: i) a domain name system (DNS) failure, ii) an internet packet data network (PDN) status, iii) a total random access channel (RACH) failure, iv) a transport channel protocol (TCP) round trip time (RTT) exceeding an RTT threshold, or v) barred access for the wireless device to the first cell of the cellular wireless network. In some embodiments, the QoS trigger condition is satisfied when a weighted factor score for the cellular connection to the first cell satisfies an application-dependent QoS threshold for the application using the cellular connection. In some embodiments, the weighted factor score includes a sum of two or more QoS factors, each QoS factor weighted based on an application type for the application using the cellular connection. In some embodiments, the two or more QoS factors include two or more of: i) a ping delay, ii) uplink (UL) data throughput, iii) UL grants and scheduling, iv) queueing time for UL data, v) downlink (DL) data throughput, vi) radio frequency (RF) bandwidth of the first cell, vii) a jitter level, or viii) a packet loss rate. In some embodiments, the cell search procedure prioritizes cell searching in the following order: i) cells using the same RF as the first cell, ii) cells in the same RF band as and at different radio frequencies from the first cell, iii) cells in different RF bands from the first cell, iv) cells using a different radio access technology (RAT) than the first cell, and v) cells for a different subscriber identity module (SIM) than used by the wireless device to connect with the first cell. In some embodiments, the method performed by the wireless device 102 further includes, when no suitable cell that satisfies the threshold QoS for the application is found via the cell search procedure, using the first cell of the cellular wireless network for the cellular connection.
[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates a detailed view of a representative computing device 700 that can be used to implement various methods described herein, according to some embodiments. In particular, the detailed view illustrates various components that can be included in the wireless device 102 or any other wireless device as discussed herein. As shown in FIG. 7, the computing device 700 can include a processor 702 that represents a microprocessor or controller for controlling the overall operation of computing device 700. The computing device 700 can also include a user input device 708 that allows a user of the computing device 700 to interact with the computing device 700. For example, the user input device 708 can take a variety of forms, such as a button, keypad, dial, touch screen, audio input interface, visual / image capture input interface, input in the form of sensor data, etc. Still further, the computing device 700 can include a display 710 that can be controlled by the processor 702 to display information to the user. A data bus 716 can facilitate data transfer between at least a storage device 740, the processor 702, and a controller 713. The controller 713 can be used to interface with and control different equipment through an equipment control bus 714. The computing device 700 can also include a network / bus interface 711 that communicatively couples to a data link 712. In the case of a wireless connection, the network / bus interface 711 can include a wireless transceiver.
[0040] The computing device 700 also includes a storage device 740, which can comprise a single disk or a plurality of disks (e.g., hard drives) , and includes a storage management module that manages one or more partitions within the storage device 740. In some embodiments, storage device 740 can include flash memory, semiconductor (solid state) memory or the like. The computing device 700 can also include a Random Access Memory (RAM) 720 and a Read-Only Memory (ROM) 722. The ROM 722 can store programs, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM 720 can provide volatile data storage, and stores instructions related to the operation of the computing device 700. The computing device 700 can further include a secure element (SE) 724, which can represent secure storage for credentials for cellular wireless system access by the computing device 700. The secure element 724 can include an eUICC 108 on which to store one or more eSIMs 208, one or more UICCs 118 that store SIM or eSIM credentials (profiles) , and / or a processor and / or chip component in a system on chip (SoC) module that stores iSIM credentials (profiles) .
[0041] Wireless Terminology
[0042] In accordance with various embodiments described herein, the terms “wireless communication device, ” “wireless device, ” “mobile wireless device, ” “mobile station, ” and “user equipment” (UE) may be used interchangeably herein to describe one or more common consumer electronic devices that may be capable of performing procedures associated with various embodiments of the disclosure. In accordance with various implementations, any one of these consumer electronic devices may relate to: a cellular phone or a smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a personal computer, a netbook computer, a media player device, an electronic book device, a device, a wearable computing device, as well as any other type of electronic computing device having wireless communication capability that can include communication via one or more wireless communication protocols such as used for communication on: a wireless wide area network (WWAN) , a wireless metro area network (WMAN) a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) , a near field communication (NFC) , a cellular wireless network, a fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE Advanced (LTE-A) , and / or 5G or other present or future developed advanced cellular wireless networks.
[0043] The wireless communication device, in some embodiments, can also operate as part of a wireless communication system, which can include a set of client devices, which can also be referred to as stations, client wireless devices, or client wireless communication devices, interconnected to an access point (AP) , e.g., as part of a WLAN, and / or to each other, e.g., as part of a WPAN and / or an “ad hoc” wireless network. In some embodiments, the client device can be any wireless communication device that is capable of communicating via a WLAN technology, e.g., in accordance with a wireless local area network communication protocol. In some embodiments, the WLAN technology can include a Wi-Fi (or more generically a WLAN) wireless communication subsystem or radio, the Wi-Fi radio can implement an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 technology, such as one or more of: IEEE 802.11a; IEEE 802.11b; IEEE 802.11g; IEEE 802.11-2007; IEEE 802.11n; IEEE 802.11-2012; IEEE 802.11ac; or other present or future developed IEEE 802.11 technologies.
[0044] Additionally, it should be understood that the UEs described herein may be configured as multi-mode wireless communication devices that are also capable of communicating via different third generation (3G) and / or second generation (2G) RATs. In these scenarios, a multi-mode UE can be configured to prefer attachment to LTE networks offering faster data rate throughput, as compared to other 3G legacy networks offering lower data rate throughputs. For instance, in some implementations, a multi-mode UE may be configured to fall back to a 3G legacy network, e.g., an Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) network or a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2000 Evolution-Data Only (EV-DO) network, when LTE and LTE-Anetworks are otherwise unavailable.
[0045] Cellular wireless access credentials to provide access to cellular wireless services of a cellular wireless service provider can be installed in a wireless device in a variety of forms including but not limited to a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) storing a subscriber identity module (SIM) , an embedded UICC (eUICC) storing an electronic SIM (eSIM) , or in hardware, such as a processor of system on chip (SoC) module storing an integrated SIM (iSIM) . The embodiments described herein can apply to all of these type of implementations. A UICC storing a SIM can also be referred to as a SIM card. A SIM, eSIM, or iSIM can also be referred to as a SIM profile, an eSIM profile, or an iSIM profile respectively, or simply as a profile.
[0046] The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a non-transitory computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the non-transitory computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, HDDs, DVDs, magnetic tape, and optical data storage devices. The non-transitory computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.
[0047] Regarding the present disclosure, it is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0048] The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.
Claims
1.A method for proactive cellular connection management, the method comprising:by a wireless device:determining a quality of service (QoS) trigger condition is satisfied for an application using a cellular connection to a first cell of a cellular wireless network;when cell connection information for a present location of the wireless device is available in stored location-based strategy information for cell connectivity maintained by the wireless device:requesting to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device to a second cell of the cellular wireless network, the second cell having a comparatively higher cell connectivity score in the stored location-based strategy information for the cellular wireless network at the present location; andwhen cell connection information for the present location is not available or a QoS of the second cell does not satisfy a threshold QoS for the application using the cellular connection:performing a cell search procedure to locate and connect to a suitable cell to which to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device; andupdating cell connectivity scores for the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on results of the cell search procedure.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:by the wireless device:updating a cell connectivity score for the second cell of the cellular wireless network at the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on whether the QoS of the second cell satisfies the threshold QoS for the application using the cellular connection.3.The method of claim 2, wherein updates to the cell connectivity score for the second cell of the cellular wireless network at the present location include:decrementing the cell connectivity score for the second cell at the present location when the threshold QoS for the application was not satisfied after connecting to the second cell; andincrementing the cell connectivity score for the second cell at the present location when the threshold QoS for the application was satisfied after connecting to the second cell.4.The method of claim 1, wherein updates to the cell connectivity scores at the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on results of the cell search procedure include:decrementing a cell connectivity score for an attempted cell at the present location for which the threshold QoS for the application was not satisfied after locating and connecting to the attempted cell as part of the cell search procedure; andincrementing a cell connectivity score for a sufficient cell at the present location for which the threshold QoS for the application was satisfied after locating and connecting to the sufficient cell as part of the cell search procedure.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the QoS trigger condition is satisfied when at least one immediate trigger factor for the cellular connection to the first cell indicates a data stall.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one immediate trigger factor comprises one or more of: i) a domain name system (DNS) failure, ii) an internet packet data network (PDN) status, iii) a total random access channel (RACH) failure, iv) a transport channel protocol (TCP) round trip time (RTT) exceeding an RTT threshold, or v) barred access for the wireless device to the first cell of the cellular wireless network.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the QoS trigger condition is satisfied when a weighted factor score for the cellular connection to the first cell satisfies an application-dependent QoS threshold for the application using the cellular connection.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the weighted factor score comprises a sum of two or more QoS factors, each QoS factor weighted based on an application type for the application using the cellular connection.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the two or more QoS factors comprise two or more of: i) a ping delay, ii) uplink (UL) data throughput, iii) UL grants and scheduling, iv) queueing time for UL data, v) downlink (DL) data throughput, vi) radio frequency (RF) bandwidth of the first cell, vii) a jitter level, or viii) a packet loss rate.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the cell search procedure prioritizes cell searching in the following order: i) cells using a same RF as the first cell, ii) cells in a same RF band and at different radio frequencies from the first cell, iii) cells in different RF bands from the first cell, iv) cells using a different radio access technology (RAT) than the first cell, and v) cells for a different subscriber identity module (SIM) than used by the wireless device to connect with the first cell.11.The method of claim 1, further comprising:by the wireless device:when no suitable cell that satisfies the threshold QoS for the application is found via the cell search procedure, using the first cell of the cellular wireless network for the cellular connection.12.A wireless device configured for proactive cellular connection management, the wireless device comprising:wireless circuitry comprising one or more antennas; andone or more processors communicatively coupled to the wireless circuitry and to a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to perform actions including:determining a quality of service (QoS) trigger condition is satisfied for an application using a cellular connection to a first cell of a cellular wireless network;when cell connection information for a present location of the wireless device is available in stored location-based strategy information for cell connectivity maintained by the wireless device:requesting to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device to a second cell of the cellular wireless network, the second cell having a comparatively higher cell connectivity score in the stored location-based strategy information for the cellular wireless network at the present location; andwhen cell connection information for the present location is not available or a QoS of the second cell does not satisfy a threshold QoS for the application using the cellular connection:performing a cell search procedure to locate and connect to a suitable cell to which to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device; andupdating cell connectivity scores for the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on results of the cell search procedure.13.The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the wireless device is further configured to:update a cell connectivity score for the second cell of the cellular wireless network at the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on whether the QoS of the second cell satisfies the threshold QoS for the application using the cellular connection.14.The wireless device of claim 13, wherein updates to the cell connectivity score for the second cell of the cellular wireless network at the present location include:decrementing the cell connectivity score for the second cell at the present location when the threshold QoS for the application was not satisfied after connecting to the second cell; andincrementing the cell connectivity score for the second cell at the present location when the threshold QoS for the application was satisfied after connecting to the second cell.15.The wireless device of claim 12, wherein updates to the cell connectivity scores at the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on results of the cell search procedure include:decrementing a cell connectivity score for an attempted cell at the present location for which the threshold QoS for the application was not satisfied after locating and connecting to the attempted cell as part of the cell search procedure; andincrementing a cell connectivity score for a sufficient cell at the present location for which the threshold QoS for the application was satisfied after locating and connecting to the sufficient cell as part of the cell search procedure.16.The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the QoS trigger condition is satisfied when at least one immediate trigger factor for the cellular connection to the first cell indicates a data stall.17.The wireless device of claim 16, wherein the at least one immediate trigger factor comprises one or more of: i) a domain name system (DNS) failure, ii) an internet packet data network (PDN) status, iii) a total random access channel (RACH) failure, iv) a transport channel protocol (TCP) round trip time (RTT) exceeding an RTT threshold, or v) barred access for the wireless device to the first cell of the cellular wireless network.18.The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the QoS trigger condition is satisfied when a weighted factor score for the cellular connection to the first cell satisfies an application-dependent QoS threshold for the application using the cellular connection.19.The wireless device of claim 18, wherein the weighted factor score comprises a sum of two or more QoS factors, each QoS factor weighted based on an application type for the application using the cellular connection.20.The wireless device of claim 19, wherein the two or more QoS factors comprise two or more of: i) a ping delay, ii) uplink (UL) data throughput, iii) UL grants and scheduling, iv) queueing time for UL data, v) downlink (DL) data throughput, vi) radio frequency (RF) bandwidth of the first cell, vii) a jitter level, or viii) a packet loss rate.21.The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the cell search procedure prioritizes cell searching in the following order: i) cells using a same RF as the first cell, ii) cells in a same RF band as and at different radio frequencies from the first cell, iii) cells in different RF bands from the first cell, iv) cells using a different radio access technology (RAT) than the first cell, and v) cells for a different subscriber identity module (SIM) than used by the wireless device to connect with the first cell.22.The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the wireless device is further configured to:when no suitable cell that satisfies the threshold QoS for the application is found via the cell search procedure, use the first cell of the cellular wireless network for the cellular connection.23.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for proactive cellular connection management by a wireless device, wherein execution of the instructions by one or more processors of a wireless device configure the wireless device to perform actions including:determining a quality of service (QoS) trigger condition is satisfied for an application using a cellular connection to a first cell of a cellular wireless network;when cell connection information for a present location of the wireless device is available in stored location-based strategy information for cell connectivity maintained by the wireless device:switching the cellular connection of the wireless device to a second cell of the cellular wireless network, the second cell having a comparatively higher cell connectivity score in the stored location-based strategy information for the present location; andwhen cell connection information for the present location is not available or a QoS of the second cell does not satisfy a threshold QoS for the application using the cellular connection:performing a cell search procedure to locate and connect to a suitable cell to which to switch the cellular connection of the wireless device; andupdating cell connectivity scores for the present location in the stored location-based strategy information based on results of the cell search procedure.
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