Battery system and battery control method

Abstract

Disclosed are a battery system and a battery control method, which enable performing an ESS function and UPS function with one battery. The battery system is configured to assist power of a grid and comprises: at least one battery for storing and outputting power; and a controller for operating the at least one battery by selecting any one of a normal state response mode and an abnormal state response mode depending on a state of the grid.

Description

Battery system and battery control method

[0001] This relates to a battery system and a battery control method, and more specifically, to a battery system and a battery control method that can operate ESS functions and UPS functions with a single battery.

[0002] With the rise of distributed generation, including renewable energy, and the growing demand for power supplementation, the use of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) is expected to surge. However, distributed generation presents a unique challenge: demand forecasting and power generation control are both difficult, leading to potential supply and demand instability.

[0003] In addition, power supply instability or blackouts can be caused by a variety of factors. Weather (storms, lightning, lightning strikes), contact with trees, vehicles, animals, and balloons can damage electrical equipment, transmission towers, power lines, and utility poles. Natural disasters such as earthquakes and human activities such as landscaping and excavation can also be factors. Furthermore, heat waves and other periods of unusually high power demand can cause blackouts or brownouts due to cables, transformers, and other electrical equipment, posing significant obstacles and impediments to the smooth flow of power from the grid to the load.

[0004] Even temporary power supply instability in industrial plants, hospitals, emergency centers, data centers, server rooms, control towers, and electronic security systems can cause significant human, business, and national damage. Stable batteries and battery management are emerging as crucial issues to minimize safety issues, such as fires in data centers.

[0005] Traditionally, ESS and UPS (Uninterrupted Power Systems) have been installed and operated together to supplement the grid's normal power supply while also providing emergency power supply during power outages and other situations. Furthermore, UES (Uninterrupted Power Supply) systems have emerged, combining ESS and UPS to store electricity during low-cost nighttime hours for use during peak hours, reducing electricity costs and preventing power outages.

[0006] However, for safety reasons, UES requires that batteries intended for ESS and batteries intended for UPS be separated. In other words, batteries for UPS and ESS must be used separately.

[0007] The reason why it is difficult to simply combine UPS and ESS functions so that they can be operated from a single battery is that when an emergency situation occurs and the UPS function is required while the ESS function is in operation and uses more than a certain amount of energy, that is, in a low SoC state, the reserve ratio may be too low.

[0008] Additionally, there is a technical challenge that the output capacity may be insufficient as a battery for UPS, as there is a limit to the output capacity due to the fixed output range.

[0009] Additionally, existing UPS-specific batteries, such as lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries, are highly sensitive to temperature and inevitably waste space due to non-operation, resulting in inefficient space utilization. Furthermore, continuous shutdowns hinder smooth battery operation and incur additional maintenance costs. Furthermore, as batteries continue to age due to irreversible reactions, they struggle to perform their role as dedicated UPS batteries and pose a risk of fire.

[0010] In order to solve the above-described problems of the present invention, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery system and a battery control method capable of operating ESS functions and UPS functions with a single battery.

[0011] In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery system and a battery control method capable of dividing a SoC region of a battery into an ESS region and a UPS region, varying the ESS region and the UPS region according to the state of the grid, and adjusting the voltage value within the selected region to use the maximum range of the actual SoC value.

[0012] A battery system according to one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem is a battery system configured to assist power of a grid, and the battery system includes at least one battery for storing and outputting power, and a controller configured to select and operate the at least one battery in either a normal state response mode or an abnormal state response mode depending on the state of the grid.

[0013] The above normal state response mode has a normal state response area on the SoC (State-of-Charge) curve of the at least one battery, and the above abnormal state response mode has an abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of the at least one battery.

[0014] The above controller changes the abnormal state response area according to the SoC status of at least one battery when the grid enters an abnormal state.

[0015] The controller controls the output of the battery so that at least a portion of the normal state response area overlaps with at least a portion of the abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of the at least one battery.

[0016] The controller controls the output of the battery so that, on the SoC curve of the at least one battery, the normal state response area and the abnormal state response area do not overlap each other.

[0017] The controller controls the output of the battery so that, on the SoC curve of the at least one battery, the normal state response area includes the abnormal state response area.

[0018] The controller controls rapid charging of at least one battery when the grid transitions from an abnormal state to a normal state and the SoC value of at least one battery is lower than a set value.

[0019] The controller controls to perform normal charging on the at least one battery when the SoC value of the at least one battery is equal to or higher than a set value when the grid transitions from an abnormal state to a normal state.

[0020] The controller is configured to display a value in the normal state response area as an SoC value of at least one battery.

[0021] The controller cuts off power to the BMS or air conditioner when the SoC value of at least one battery is below a set value when the grid enters an abnormal state.

[0022] The at least one battery comprises a vanadium ion battery (VIB).

[0023] The controller includes a command unit that switches the operation mode of the battery according to the conditions of the grid, a control unit that controls the operation of the battery according to the operation mode of the battery, a cell monitoring unit that checks the status information of the battery, and a grid monitoring unit that checks the power supply status of the grid.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem, a battery system includes a battery cell assembly that assists power of a grid and includes a plurality of battery cells, and a controller that divides an area on a State-of-Charge (SoC) curve of the battery cells into a normal state response area and an abnormal state response area, and selects an output value corresponding to one of the normal state response area and the abnormal state response area according to a state of the grid.

[0025] The above controller can operate the recovery cycle for each of the plurality of battery cells when operating the recovery cycle of the battery.

[0026] The above controller, when operating a recovery cycle of a battery, can operate a recovery cycle for the entire battery cell assembly, and then operate a recovery cycle for each battery cell after the SoC of the entire battery cell assembly is within a normal range.

[0027] A battery control method according to one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem includes a step in which a battery system assists power of a grid in a normal state response area of ​​a battery, a step in which the battery system acquires SoC of the battery when the grid enters an abnormal state, a step in which the battery system sets an abnormal state response area according to the acquired SoC of the battery, and a step in which the battery system assists power of the grid in the set abnormal state response area of ​​the battery.

[0028] The step of setting the abnormal state response area according to the SoC of the acquired battery includes a step of the controller expanding the abnormal state response area so that at least a portion of the normal state response area overlaps at least a portion of the abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of the battery when the SoC of the acquired battery is at a high level or an intermediate level.

[0029] The step of setting the abnormal state response area according to the SoC of the acquired battery includes a step of setting the abnormal state response area so that the normal state response area and the abnormal state response area do not overlap each other on the SoC curve of the battery when the SoC of the acquired battery is at a low level.

[0030] After the step of assisting the power of the grid in the abnormal state response area of ​​the above-described battery, when the grid returns to a normal state, the step of operating a recovery cycle for the battery is further included, and the step of operating the recovery cycle includes the step of performing rapid charging for the battery when the SoC value of the battery is lower than or equal to a set value when the grid returns from an abnormal state to a normal state.

[0031] After the step of assisting the power of the grid in the abnormal state response area of ​​the above-described battery, when the grid returns to a normal state, the step of operating a recovery cycle for the battery is further included, and the step of operating the recovery cycle includes the step of performing normal charging for the battery when the SoC value of the battery is equal to or higher than a set value when the grid returns from an abnormal state to a normal state.

[0032] According to the present invention, since the purpose of the battery is not distinguished, such as a battery for ESS or a battery for UPS, there is an effect that the same battery can be used variably according to user and environmental needs depending on the ESS area or UPS area.

[0033] According to the present invention, there is an effect that allows energy to be consumed up to the battery's normally unused section (fully discharged, close to 0% actual SoC; fully charged, close to 100% actual SoC).

[0034] According to the present invention, there is an effect of maximizing the battery output range by expanding the battery output range and increasing the maximum output amount and maximum output time.

[0035] According to the present invention, since the vanadium ion battery (VIB) has high capacity stability due to its characteristics, it is possible to perform continuous cycle operation, such as performing UPS while performing ESS, and this has the effect of enabling operation that excludes the influence of SoH (State of Health).

[0036] According to the present invention, there is no need to standby as a battery for UPS, so there is an effect of high utilization in terms of space.

[0037] According to the present invention, by changing the operation method of the air conditioning device and the BMS (Battery Management System) in the UPS area, the UPS function can be optimized, and there are also effects such as extending the maximum time and grid return waiting time.

[0038] Figure 1 is a block diagram briefly showing each component of a battery system according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 is a diagram showing the SoC curve of a conventional battery.

[0040] Figure 3 is a drawing showing the SoC curve of a battery when a conventional abnormal condition occurs.

[0041] Fig. 4 is a drawing showing the SoC curve of a battery according to the present invention.

[0042] FIG. 5 is a drawing showing the ESS region and UPS region on the SoC curve of the battery according to the present invention.

[0043] Figures 6 to 8 are drawings each showing an emergency situation case 1 in a battery system according to the present invention.

[0044] Figures 9 to 11 are drawings each showing emergency situation case 2 in the battery system according to the present invention.

[0045] Figures 12 to 14 are drawings showing emergency situation case 3 of the battery system according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 15 is a drawing showing an emergency situation case 4 of a battery system according to the present invention.

[0047] Figures 16 to 19 are diagrams showing the recovery cycle in emergency cases 1 to 4 of the battery system according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 20 is a block diagram showing each configuration of a controller according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 21 is a flowchart of a battery control method according to the present invention.

[0050] The embodiments described herein are susceptible to various modifications. Specific embodiments may be depicted in the drawings and further described in the detailed description. However, the specific embodiments disclosed in the accompanying drawings are merely intended to facilitate understanding of various embodiments. Therefore, the technical concepts disclosed in the accompanying drawings are not intended to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed in the accompanying drawings, but should be understood to include all equivalents or alternatives falling within the spirit and technical scope of the invention.

[0051] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as "first," "second," etc., may be used to describe various components, but these components are not limited by the aforementioned terms. The aforementioned terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another.

[0052] In this specification, terms such as "comprises" or "has" are intended to specify the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, but should be understood as not excluding in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but that other components may also be present in between. On the other hand, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components present in between.

[0053] Meanwhile, the "module" or "part" used in this specification for a component performs at least one function or operation. Furthermore, the "module" or "part" may perform the function or operation by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Furthermore, multiple "modules" or multiple "parts," excluding a "module" or "part" that must be performed on specific hardware or performed on at least one processor, may be integrated into at least one module. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0054] In addition, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known function or configuration may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof is abbreviated or omitted.

[0055] In this specification, the term "grid" (10) refers to an electric power system. The grid (10) refers to an interconnected network for supplying electricity from power producers to power consumers. The grid (10) is comprised of power plants, transformers, transmission lines, etc.

[0056] In this specification, an ESS (Energy Storage System) refers to a device that stores electricity in a battery (110) or the like and then supplies power to the grid (10). The ESS can perform charging and discharging. The ESS plays a role in assisting the output of the grid (10). When it is difficult to supply the required power of a load solely from the grid (10), the ESS partially assists the output of the grid (10).

[0057] In this specification, UPS (Uninterrupted Power System) refers to a device that protects devices from voltage fluctuations, frequency fluctuations, voltage waveform distortion, momentary power outages, etc. that may occur in commercial power sources, and supplies power. The UPS performs the role of supplying electricity stably and continuously when a failure such as a power cut off in the grid (10) occurs.

[0058] In this specification, the ESS area means a range set in advance for grid (10) assistance.

[0059] In this specification, the UPS range refers to the range set to supply the power required by the Load in the event of an interruption in the power supply, such as a discharge.

[0060] A battery system (100) according to the present invention includes a battery (110), a battery management system (BMS), a power conversion system (PCS), an energy management system (EMS), and the like. The battery (110) includes one or more battery cells, and a plurality of battery cells may form a module, and a plurality of modules may form a rack. The battery (110) according to the present invention may be connected to a power grid, an electric grid, a power grid (10), and the like to receive power.

[0061] Below, various embodiments are described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0062]

[0063] Figure 1 is a block diagram briefly showing each component of a battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery system (100) according to the present invention includes at least one battery (110) and a controller (120) that operates the battery (110). The battery system (100) assists the power of the grid (10) by discharging the power charged in the battery (110). A battery cell assembly including a plurality of battery cells may be applied as the battery (110).

[0065] The battery system (100) according to the present invention divides the SoC region of each battery (110) into an ESS region and a UPS region. When the grid (10) is in a normal state, the controller (120) controls the SoC of the battery (110) to operate within the ESS region in a normal state response mode. When the grid (10) is in an abnormal state, the controller (120) controls the battery (110) to operate in UPS mode by varying the UPS region so that the UPS region is included in the ESS region from the time the abnormal state is entered in an abnormal state response mode.

[0066] The battery system (100) according to the present invention is implemented so that a single battery (110) can support a switching function according to the ESS mode and the UPS mode, without the need to independently provide an ESS-only battery and a UPS-only battery. That is, the battery system (100) according to the present invention does not distinguish the use of the battery (110) as an ESS-only battery and a UPS-only battery, but divides a single battery (110) into an ESS area ('normal state response area', which will be described later) and a UPS area ('abnormal state response area', which will be described later) based on the SoC, and uses the same battery (110) variably according to the user's needs and environmental needs. In addition, since a single battery (110) is switched and operated in ESS mode and UPS mode respectively, it does not have to stand by as a UPS-only battery (110) in preparation for an event such as a power outage, so that its usability is high in terms of space.

[0067] The battery (110) according to the present invention may be a vanadium ion battery (VIB). Since the vanadium ion battery (110) has high capacity stability due to its characteristics, it can perform continuous cycle operation such as performing UPS function while performing ESS function. The battery (110) according to the present invention can be operated without the influence of SoH (State of Health, the health status of the battery (110)) by applying the vanadium ion battery (110). The battery system (100) according to the present invention can consume energy up to the section where the battery (110) is not normally used (full discharge: close to 0% of actual SoC, full charge: close to 100% of actual SoC) by applying the vanadium ion battery (110), and thus expands the output range of the battery (110) to increase the maximum output and maximum output time.

[0068]

[0069] The controller (120) switches at least one battery (110) to ESS mode and UPS mode, respectively, depending on the state of the grid (10), thereby assisting the power of the grid (10). Here, each battery (110) applied to the energy storage device (ESS) has a state-of-charge (SoC), the background of which is as follows.

[0070] First, the charge / discharge rate (C-Rate) of the battery (110) must be understood. The charge rate of the battery (110) and / or the discharge rate of the battery (110) can be controlled by the charge / discharge rate (C-Rate). The charge / discharge rate (C-Rate) refers to a measurement of the current used to charge and / or discharge the battery (110). For example, when a specific battery (110) discharges at 1 C-Rate or 1 C, it means that a battery (110) with a capacity of 10 Ah (i.e., the amount of electricity when 10 A (ampere) current flows for 1 hour) can discharge 10 A (ampere) for 1 hour from a fully charged state. Therefore, the charge rate of the battery (110) can also be expressed as the C-Rate.

[0071] By measuring a battery (110) being charged at a specific C-Rate, the corresponding state of charge (SoC) can be confirmed. The battery system (100) according to the present invention can perform various controls on charging and output by checking the SoC of the battery (110) when assisting power from the grid (10).

[0072]

[0073] The battery system (100) according to the present invention utilizes the wide C-rate coverage of a vanadium ion battery (110, VIB). The controller (120) selectively switches between ESS mode and UPS mode depending on the power status of the power grid (10). While lithium ion batteries (LIBs) generate heat and have an impact on battery life at high output, the vanadium ion battery (110) is capable of stable high output. In addition, while lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have limitations such as 1C charging and 1C discharging, the vanadium ion battery (VIB) is capable of input / output flow control at high output.

[0074] For example, when a power outage occurs in the grid (10), a battery system (100) using a vanadium ion battery (VIB) can assist the grid (10) with high output, so that charge and discharge management of the ESS function is very efficient. In particular, in the case of a vanadium ion battery (VIB), there is no risk of fire due to overload. Therefore, when such a vanadium ion battery (VIB) is applied to the battery system (100) of the present invention, the electric energy supply system of the present invention can be preferably applied while ensuring safety in various auxiliary facilities, so that it can be said to be a very effective power supply system. In addition, since the present invention can supply energy safely and efficiently, it can be utilized as a very effective, safe, and environmentally friendly energy supply means in energy conservation, energy environment, and realization of carbon neutrality.

[0075] A single battery (110) according to the present invention may be applied by combining multiple vanadium ion batteries (VIBs) in the form of cells, packs, modules, etc. Each battery (110) may perform necessary measurements and controls so that charging and discharging may be performed simultaneously or selectively. Alternatively, multiple batteries (110) may be connected to each other and operated together or selectively through necessary measurements and controls.

[0076]

[0077] The controller (120) is configured to operate at least one battery (110) in either a normal state response mode (ESS mode) or an abnormal state response mode (UPS mode) depending on the state of the grid (10).

[0078] The state of the grid (10) includes a normal state and an abnormal state.

[0079] The normal state of the grid (10) means a state in which electricity supply is sufficient, or a state in which electricity supply is insufficient but the insufficient electricity supply can be supplemented by the power discharged through the ESS mode of the battery (110). The abnormal state of the grid (10) (hereinafter, used interchangeably with the term 'emergency situation') may mean a situation in which the electricity supply is temporarily cut off, and includes so-called power outages, blackouts, brownouts, etc.

[0080]

[0081] Fig. 2 is a drawing showing the SoC curve of a conventional battery (110), and Fig. 3 is a drawing showing the SoC curve of a conventional battery (110) when an abnormal state occurs.

[0082] In this specification, the SoC curve means a graph in which the X-axis represents SoC and the Y-axis represents OCV (Open Circuit Voltage), as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. OCV represents the battery voltage when no current flows. All SoC curves in FIGS. 2 and below are drawn based on the SoC curve of a vanadium ion battery (110).

[0083] Typically, battery manufacturers, as shown in FIG. 2, present to users only a portion of the theoretical SoC when the entire SoC is referred to as the theoretical SoC. In FIG. 2 and elsewhere, the SoC presented by the manufacturer to users is indicated as the manufacturer-provided SoC. For example, when the theoretical SoC is divided into 0 to 100%, a typical manufacturer-provided SoC provides users with only 20 to 80% of the theoretical SoC, indicated as 0 to 100%. In other words, in relation to the actual SoC, the SoC 0 to 100% typically presented to users actually means 20 to 80% of the SoC. This is because typical battery manufacturers present to users a narrower range of SoC than the actual theoretical SoC, taking into account safety, battery performance, lifespan, etc.

[0084] The reason why it is difficult to combine UPS and ESS functions to operate on a single battery is that, as shown in Fig. 3, when the battery is being used by the ESS function and an abnormal state of the grid (10) occurs in a state where a certain amount of energy is used (low SoC state), that is, in the so-called Harsh area (dangerous area), and the UPS function is required, a problem may occur because the reserve rate of the stored power is low.

[0085] In particular, in the case of a battery system (100) in which a lithium ion battery is applied, there is a problem that if the UPS function is executed in a state in which the reserve ratio is low, a fatal problem such as a fire may occur as the lithium ion battery operates in the Harsh area.

[0086]

[0087] FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an SoC curve of a battery (110) according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a drawing showing an ESS region and a UPS region on the SoC curve of a battery (110) according to the present invention.

[0088] The controller (120) controls the charging and discharging of the battery (110) according to the state of the grid (10) and the SoC state of the battery (110). The controller (120) divides an area on the SoC (State-of-Charge) curve of each battery cell, i.e., the SoC area, into a normal state response area (hereinafter, 'ESS area') and an abnormal state response area (hereinafter, 'UPS area'), and is configured to select an output value corresponding to one of the ESS area and the UPS area according to the state of the grid (10).

[0089] The battery system (100) according to the present invention is configured so that at least one battery (110) can perform both ESS function and UPS function in order to overcome a power supply interruption situation of the grid (10), and each function and each mode can be changed depending on the situation of the grid (10).

[0090] The controller (120) maintains the SoC within the ESS region on the SoC curve of the battery (110) in the ESS mode. That is, the ESS mode has an ESS region on the SoC curve of the battery (110).

[0091] The controller (120) maintains the SoC within the UPS region on the SoC curve of the battery (110) in UPS mode. That is, the UPS mode has a UPS region on the SoC curve of the battery (110).

[0092] The battery system (100) according to the present invention provides the user with each of the ESS area and UPS area divided into 0 to 100% levels. In Fig. 4, the SoC level provided to the user is indicated as the manufacturer-provided SoC. For example, if the current power situation of the grid (10) is normal and the SoC of the battery (110) is located within the ESS area, the controller (120) operates the battery (110) in ESS mode, as in a known ESS device. The controller (120) divides the SoC of the ESS area of ​​the battery (110) operating in ESS mode into 0 to 100% levels and provides the user with the SoC. If the power situation of the grid (10) is normal, the controller (120) no longer discharges the battery (110) if the SoC level of the ESS area of ​​the battery (110) approaches 0% during the ESS mode operation of the battery (110). That is, in a normal state, each battery (110) does not use power within the UPS area, but charges itself using power provided from the grid (10) within the ESS area, discharges toward the node (20) to assist power from the grid (10), or stands by.

[0093] The controller (120) may further include a separate display device for displaying the SoC value on the ESS area as the SoC value of the battery (110).

[0094] The reference point for dividing the ESS area and UPS area of ​​the battery (110) of the battery system (100) according to the present invention can be changed according to the user's needs or environmental factors, and for example, the reference point can be at the level of 20% of the total SoC, i.e., theoretical SoC.

[0095] In particular, the battery system (100) according to the present invention is applied with a vanadium ion battery (110) (VIB, Vanadium Ion Battery), and can perform discharge to a very low SoC range (for example, theoretically 5% of SoC) depending on the characteristics of the VIB.

[0096] The battery system (100) according to the present invention has the feature of being able to stably perform more efficient charging and discharging in ESS mode by applying a vanadium ion battery (VIB) and providing a larger amount of energy to the node (20) in UPS mode.

[0097]

[0098] Figures 6 to 8 are drawings each showing an emergency situation case 1 in a battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0099] The controller (120) varies the UPS area depending on the SoC status or level of the battery (110) when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state. That is, the controller (120) can adjust the range of at least one of the ESS area and the UPS area depending on the conditions of the grid (10).

[0100] In the emergency situation case 1 of the battery system (100) according to the present invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8, it can be assumed that the SoC state or level of the battery (110) is at a high level (high level, theoretically 90 to 100% of SoC) when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state.

[0101] First, Fig. 6 shows the SoC curve in emergency case 1-1 among emergency case 1.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 6, when the SoC state or level of the battery (110) is high when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, the controller (120) switches the operation of the battery (110) to UPS mode. When the SoC state or level of the battery (110) is high when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, the controller (120) expands the UPS area up to the current SoC. That is, when the controller (120) switches to the UPS mode, the UPS area overlaps with at least a part of the ESS area. The variable UPS area includes the ESS area when the grid (10) is in a normal state. The controller (120) controls the output of the battery (110) so that at least a part of the ESS area before entering the abnormal state overlaps with the UPS area expanded by entering the abnormal state.

[0103] As mentioned above, the ESS area is presented to the user as its own ESS area with a level of 0-100%. The UPS area is also presented to the user as its own UPS area with a level of 0-100%.

[0104] If the grid (10) enters an abnormal state when the SoC status or level of the battery (110) is at a high level of 90%, the UPS area, in addition to its own 0 to 100% level, also changes to the UPS area with the remaining capacity within the 0 to 90% level area within the ESS area when the grid (10) is in a normal state. Therefore, it is possible to operate in UPS mode in a wider range than when a conventional UPS-only battery (110) exists independently. In addition, it can allow the user to perceive that it is operating in UPS mode for a longer period of time. Emergency Case 1-1 shows a case that can have the widest UPS area that can be assumed in the battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0105] In addition, the battery system (100) according to the present invention has the characteristic of being able to operate in UPS mode even in a harsh area, which is an area that lithium ion batteries cannot be used in, by applying a vanadium ion battery (110). In emergency case 1-1, the operation of the air conditioning unit and BMS within the battery system (100) is maintained.

[0106] Figure 7 illustrates emergency case 1-2. Emergency case 1-2 shows a case where the grid (10) enters an abnormal state when the SoC state of the battery (110) is at a high level, the UPS area is expanded into the ESS area, and then the emergency is terminated within the existing UPS area. In emergency case 1-2, the UPS area is expanded to the current SoC, as in emergency case 1-1. In emergency case 1-2, it can be seen that even after the emergency is terminated, the power is sufficiently maintained within the UPS area without dropping to the Harsh area. In emergency case 1-2, the air conditioning unit and BMS operation may be stopped as needed.

[0107] Figure 8 illustrates emergency case 1-3. Emergency case 1-3 shows a case where the grid (10) enters an abnormal state when the SoC status of the battery (110) is at a high level, the UPS area expands into the ESS area, and then the emergency ends after being within the existing ESS area or slightly outside the existing ESS area. In emergency case 1-3, as in emergency case 1-1, the UPS area expands to the current SoC, and the operation of the air conditioning unit and BMS, etc., is maintained.

[0108]

[0109] Figures 9 to 11 are drawings each showing an emergency situation case 2 in a battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0110] The controller (120) varies the UPS area according to the SoC status or level of the battery (110) when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state. However, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 11, when the SoC status or level of the battery (110) is low (low level, theoretically 20 to 30% of SoC) when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, the controller (120) sets the UPS area so that the ESS area and the UPS area do not overlap each other on the SoC curve of the battery (110), and can control the discharge output of the battery (110) in UPS mode in the UPS area. Alternatively, the controller (120) can expand the UPS area up to the current SOC even when the SoC level of the battery (110) is low when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state. However, the size of the expanded UPS area may be significantly smaller than that of emergency case 1 because the current SoC status is low.

[0111] FIG. 9 illustrates an emergency case 2-1 of a battery system (100) according to the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 9, when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, if the SoC of the battery (110) is at the lowest level within the ESS area, the controller (120) switches the battery (110) to UPS mode without changing the UPS area. The controller (120) supplies power to the node (20) using all power within the UPS area of ​​the battery (110). That is, power is also used in the Harsh area of ​​the battery (110) to supply power to the node (20). In the emergency case 2-1, the controller (120) stops all devices except for the minimum devices for UPS operation when switching to the UPS mode. The emergency case 2-1 has the narrowest UPS area of ​​the battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0112] Figure 10 illustrates emergency case 2-2 of the battery system (100) according to the present invention. If the SoC of the battery (110) is at the lowest level within the ESS area and the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, and the SoC is included within the UPS area when the emergency situation ends, the situation can be stopped without going to the harsh area. That is, in emergency case 2-1, when switching to UPS mode, the emergency situation can be responded to without going to the harsh area by stopping the remaining devices except for the minimum devices for UPS operation.

[0113] Figure 11 illustrates emergency cases 2-3 of a battery system (100) according to the present invention. Furthermore, the emergency situation may end immediately after the grid (10) enters an abnormal state when the SoC of the battery (110) reaches the lowest level within the ESS area.

[0114] As shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the controller (120) stops operation by cutting off the power to the BMS or air conditioning device when the SoC value of the battery (110) is lower than a set value when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state in emergency cases 2-1 to 2-3.

[0115]

[0116] Figures 12 to 14 are drawings showing emergency situation case 3 of the battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0117] Emergency case 3 is an example of a case where the SoC status or level of the battery (110) is at a middle level (30-90% of the theoretical SoC) when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state.

[0118] Referring to FIG. 12, when the SoC state of the battery (110) is at an intermediate level and the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, the controller (120) expands the UPS area to the current SoC. As described above in emergency case 1-1, when the controller (120) switches the UPS mode, the UPS area overlaps with at least a portion of the ESS area. The changed UPS area includes the ESS area when the grid (10) is in a normal state. The controller (120) controls the output of the battery (110) so that at least a portion of the ESS area before entering the abnormal state overlaps with the UPS area expanded by entering the abnormal state. In addition, the battery system (100) according to the present invention has a feature that it can operate in UPS mode even in the Harsh area, which is an area that cannot be used in a lithium ion battery, by applying a vanadium ion battery (110). In emergency case 3-1, the BMS and the air conditioning device are operated normally, but the operation of the BMS and the air conditioning device may be stopped as needed.

[0119] Figure 13 illustrates emergency case 3-2. Emergency case 3-2 shows a case where the grid (10) enters an abnormal state when the SoC state of the battery (110) is at an intermediate level, the UPS area expands into the ESS area, and then the emergency is terminated within the existing UPS area. In emergency case 3-2, the UPS area is expanded to the current SoC, as in emergency case 3-1. In emergency case 3-2, it can be seen that even after the emergency is terminated, the power is sufficiently maintained within the UPS area without dropping to the Harsh area. In emergency case 3-2, the BMS and air conditioning system operate normally, but the operation of the BMS and air conditioning system may be stopped as needed.

[0120] Figure 14 illustrates emergency case 3-3. Emergency case 3-3 shows a case where the grid (10) enters an abnormal state when the SoC state of the battery (110) is at an intermediate level, the UPS area expands into the ESS area, and then the emergency ends after being within the existing ESS area or slightly outside the existing ESS area. In emergency case 3-3, as in emergency case 3-1, the UPS area expands to the current SoC, and the BMS and air conditioning unit operate normally, but the operation of the BMS and air conditioning unit may be stopped as needed.

[0121]

[0122] FIG. 15 is a drawing showing an emergency situation case 4 of a battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0123] Emergency case 4, referring to Fig. 15, refers to a case where an emergency situation is terminated within the ESS area before the grid (10) enters an abnormal state. In emergency case 4, the controller (120) controls the output of the battery (110) so that the ESS area includes the UPS area on the SoC curve of the battery (110).

[0124]

[0125] The emergency situations described above are summarized with reference to Figures 6 to 15 as follows.

[0126] The basic concept of the battery system (100) according to the present invention is to divide the SoC area of ​​at least one battery (110) into an ESS area and a UPS area, and when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, the UPS area is expanded to the ESS area before an emergency situation occurs to respond to a power supply shortage.

[0127] Emergency cases 1-1 to 1-3 assume that the SoC state is at a high level (theoretically 90 to 100% of SoC) when an emergency occurs, emergency cases 2-1 to 2-3 assume that the SoC state is at a low level (theoretically 20 to 30% of SoC) when an emergency occurs, and emergency cases 3-1 to 3-3 assume that the SoC state is at a medium level (theoretically 30 to 90% of SoC) when an emergency occurs.

[0128] In emergency case 1-1, the UPS area is 5-90% of the theoretical SoC, in emergency case 1-2, the UPS area is 10-90% of the theoretical SoC, and in emergency case 1-3, the UPS area is 20-90% of the theoretical SoC.

[0129] In emergency case 2-1, the UPS area is 5 to 20% of the theoretical SoC, in emergency case 2-2, the UPS area is 10 to 20% of the theoretical SoC, and in emergency case 2-3, the UPS area is 15 to 20% of the theoretical SoC.

[0130] In emergency case 3-1, the UPS area is 5-30% of the theoretical SoC, in emergency case 3-2, the UPS area is 10-30% of the theoretical SoC, and in emergency case 3-3, the UPS area is 20-30% of the theoretical SoC.

[0131] Emergency Case 1-1 has the widest UPS area, and the operation of the air conditioning unit and BMS is maintained. Emergency Cases 1-2 and 1-3 do not use power within the Harch area, as the battery (110) has sufficient power even after the emergency situation ends.

[0132] Emergency cases 2-1 to 2-3 have the narrowest UPS area. In addition, all but the smallest devices are stopped. That is, in emergency cases 2-1 to 2-3, when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, if the SoC value of the battery (110) is below a set value, the controller (120) cuts off the power to the BMS or air conditioning unit, thereby stopping operation.

[0133] Emergency cases 3-1 to 3-3 have intermediate level UPS areas, and the BMS and air conditioning units may be shut down as needed.

[0134] Emergency Case 4 means that the emergency situation is over within the ESS area and the UPS function is completed.

[0135] The reference point dividing the ESS area and the UPS area can be theoretically set to 20% of the SoC as an example, but is not limited thereto and may vary depending on user needs or environmental factors. In addition, the SoC status and UPS operating range in the event of an emergency may also vary depending on user needs or environmental factors. That is, the ESS area is theoretically described as being 20-80% of the SoC, and the UPS area is theoretically described as being 10-20% of the SoC, but is not limited thereto. When the preset lower limit in the UPS operating range is reached, the remaining devices except for the minimum devices for battery operation may stop operating. That is, the power of the BMS and air conditioning device may be cut off and their operation may be stopped as necessary.

[0136]

[0137] Figures 16 to 19 are drawings showing the recovery cycle in emergency cases 1 to 4 of the battery system (100) according to the present invention.

[0138] The controller (120) controls the grid (10) to perform rapid charging when the SoC value of the battery (110) is below a set value when transitioning from an abnormal state to a normal state, and to perform normal charging when the SoC value of the battery (110) is above the set value. Rapid charging and normal charging can be performed by known methods, and the battery system (100) can further include known modules for rapid charging and normal charging.

[0139] Figure 16 is a drawing showing emergency termination case 1-1, and Figure 17 is a drawing showing emergency termination case 1-2. Figure 18 is a drawing showing emergency termination case 1-3, and Figure 19 is a drawing showing emergency termination case 2.

[0140] Specifically, emergency termination case 1-1 illustrated in FIG. 16 corresponds to emergency cases 1-1, 2-1, and 3-1 described above. Emergency termination case 1-2 illustrated in FIG. 17 corresponds to emergency cases 1-2, 2-2, and 3-2 described above. Emergency termination case 1-3 illustrated in FIG. 18 corresponds to emergency cases 1-3, 2-3, and 3-3 described above. Emergency termination case illustrated in FIG. 19 corresponds to emergency case 4 described above.

[0141] After the emergency situation ends, the battery system, which was operating in UPS mode, switches to ESS mode and then performs a recovery cycle. During the recovery cycle, rapid charging is activated up to the required state-of-charge (e.g., 20% of the theoretical SoC) to ensure rapid recovery. After the required state-of-charge (SoC) is reached, regular charging can be activated. If the battery's SoC exceeds the required state-of-charge (SoC) after the emergency situation ends, rapid charging based on the required state-of-charge (SoC) will not be activated.

[0142] Referring to Fig. 16, when the SoC of the battery (110) is at the theoretical level of 5 to 10% of the SoC at the end of an emergency situation, electrolyte re-separation and rapid charging are performed to recover to the ESS area (theoretically 20% of the SoC), which is the required charging value.

[0143] Referring to Fig. 17, when the SoC of the battery (110) is at the theoretical level of 10 to 15% of the SoC at the end of an emergency situation, rapid charging is performed to recover to the ESS area (theoretically 20% of the SoC), which is the required charging value.

[0144] Referring to Fig. 18, when the SoC of the battery (110) is theoretically at 15 to 20% of the SoC when the emergency situation ends, as an example, normal charging can be performed to recover to the ESS area (theoretically at 20% of the SoC).

[0145] Referring to Fig. 19, when the SoC of the battery (110) is located within the ESS area (theoretically 20 to 80% of the SoC) at the end of an emergency situation, a separate recovery cycle does not operate.

[0146] When the controller (120) operates the recovery cycle of the battery (110), the recovery cycle may be operated for each of the plurality of battery cells. This is because the SoC of each of the plurality of battery cells may be different after the UPS mode. Alternatively, when the controller (120) operates the recovery cycle of the battery (110), the recovery cycle may be operated for the entire battery cell assembly so that the SoC of the entire battery cell assembly is first included within the normal range, and then the recovery cycle may be operated for each battery cell after the SoC of the entire battery cell assembly is included within the normal range. At this time, the normal range may be preset, and for example, it may be preset to about 10% or 15% of the SoC in theory.

[0147]

[0148] Figure 20 is a block diagram showing each configuration of a controller (120) according to the present invention.

[0149] The controller (120) according to the present invention, referring to FIG. 20, includes a command unit (121), a control unit (123), a cell monitoring unit (125), and a grid monitoring unit (127).

[0150] The command unit (121) switches the operating mode of the battery (110) according to the conditions of the grid (10). The command unit (121) switches at least one battery (110) to ESS mode and UPS mode, respectively, according to the state of the grid (10), thereby assisting the power of the grid (10).

[0151] The control unit (123) controls the operation of the battery (110) according to the operation mode of the battery (110). The control unit (123) controls the charging and discharging of the battery (110) so that the battery (110) performs an operation according to the ESS area or UPS area according to the operation mode switching of the battery (110) by the command unit (121).

[0152] The cell monitoring unit (125) checks the status information of the battery (110). The cell monitoring unit (125) checks the status information of the battery (110), i.e., temperature, voltage, current, etc.

[0153] The grid monitoring unit checks the power supply status of the grid (10). The grid monitoring unit checks the power supply status of the grid (10) and determines whether the status of the grid (10) is normal or abnormal.

[0154] In addition to the above-described configuration, the controller (120) includes a battery monitoring unit (not shown) that can check the status information (output, charging status, etc.) of the entire battery, an interface unit (not shown) that can check the zone change and the status information (output, charging status, etc.) of the battery (110), a zone unit (not shown) that determines the IDLE zone that can be included between the ESS zone and the UPS zone or at the start and end points of each zone, an emergency instruction unit (not shown) that urgently issues a change instruction regardless of the set zone, a setting unit (not shown) that can input and set the ESS zone and the UPS zone, a power outage time prediction unit (not shown) that predicts the required power supply time according to the cause of the power outage, a supply time prediction unit (not shown) that predicts the time when the battery (110) can be supplied with power, a balancing unit (not shown) between battery cells, a temperature setting unit (not shown) for optimal efficiency of the battery (110), an air conditioning system (not shown) that includes an air conditioning device, a BMS (Battery Management System, not shown) that manages the battery (110), and a manual unit for zone conversion. A switching unit (not shown) may be further included.

[0155] In the integrated configuration and operation of ESS and UPS functions, the controller (120) may perform only basic power distribution without a separate step-up procedure. However, in this case, the dependence on external power is high, so there is a high possibility of malfunction or inoperability of equipment such as BMS. In case of high output according to UPS mode, the voltage supplied to BMS is low, so step-up is required to compensate for this. Therefore, the battery system (100) according to the present invention may further include a step-up module (not shown) that can change the output value of the battery (110). The necessary step-up of the battery system (100) may be performed by the step-up module. The step-up module may also increase the independence of the BMS without relying on an external power source.

[0156]

[0157] Figure 21 is a flowchart of a battery control method according to the present invention.

[0158] The battery control method according to the present invention, referring to FIG. 21, includes a step (S100) in which the battery system (100) assists the power of the grid (10) in ESS mode, a step (S200) in which the battery system (100) acquires the SoC of the battery (110) when the grid (10) enters an abnormal state, a step (S300) in which the battery system (100) sets a UPS area according to the acquired SoC of the battery (110), and a step (S400) in which the battery system (100) operates the battery (110) in UPS mode according to the set UPS area to assist the power of the grid (10).

[0159] The above step (S300) includes a step (not shown) of determining whether the SoC of the acquired battery (110) is at a high level, an intermediate level, or a low level, and if the determined SoC of the battery (110) is at a high level or an intermediate level, the controller (120) expands the abnormal state response area (UPS area) on the SoC curve of the battery (110) so that at least a part of the normal state response area (ESS area) overlaps with at least a part of the abnormal state response area (UPS area), and if the acquired SoC of the battery (110) is at a low level, the controller (120) sets the abnormal state response area (UPS area) on the SoC curve of the battery (110) so that the normal state response area (ESS area) and the abnormal state response area (UPS area) do not overlap each other.

[0160] After the above step (S400), the battery control method according to the present invention further includes a step (S500) of operating a recovery cycle on a battery (110) operated in UPS mode when the grid (10) returns to a normal state.

[0161] The above step (S500) further includes a step (not shown) of performing rapid charging on the battery (110) when the SoC value of the battery (110) is lower than or equal to a set value when the grid (10) transitions from an abnormal state to a normal state, and performing normal charging on the battery (110) when the SoC value of the battery (110) is higher than or equal to the set value.

[0162] With respect to the battery control method according to the present invention, the components belonging to the battery system (100) described above can be applied in the same manner, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0163]

[0164] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these embodiments, and various modifications may be implemented without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention, but to explain it, and the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. The protection scope of the present invention should be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical ideas within a scope equivalent thereto should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. In a battery system configured to assist power of the grid, the battery system, At least one battery for storing and outputting power; and A battery system comprising a controller configured to select and operate at least one battery in either a normal state response mode or an abnormal state response mode, depending on the state of the grid.

2. In paragraph 1, The above normal state response mode has a normal state response area on the SoC (State-of-Charge) curve of at least one battery, A battery system in which the above abnormal state response mode has an abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of at least one battery.

3. In paragraph 2, The above controller, A battery system characterized in that, when the grid enters an abnormal state, the abnormal state response area is changed according to the SoC status of at least one battery.

4. In paragraph 3, A battery system, wherein the controller controls the output of the battery so that at least a portion of the normal state response area overlaps with at least a portion of the abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of the at least one battery.

5. In paragraph 2, A battery system in which the controller controls the output of the battery so that the normal state response area and the abnormal state response area do not overlap each other on the SoC curve of the at least one battery.

6. In paragraph 3, The above controller, A battery system that controls the output of the battery so that the normal state response area includes the abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of at least one battery.

7. In paragraph 3, The above controller, A battery system that controls rapid charging of at least one battery when the SoC value of at least one battery is lower than a set value when the grid transitions from an abnormal state to a normal state.

8. In paragraph 3, The above controller, A battery system that controls to perform normal charging for at least one battery when the SoC value of at least one battery is equal to or higher than a set value when the grid transitions from an abnormal state to a normal state.

9. In paragraph 1, The above controller, A battery system configured to display a value in the above normal state response area as an SoC value of at least one battery.

10. In paragraph 2, The above controller, A battery system characterized in that when the grid enters an abnormal state and the SoC value of at least one battery is below a set value, the power of the BMS or air conditioning device is cut off.

11. In paragraph 1, A battery system wherein at least one of the batteries comprises a vanadium ion battery (VIB).

12. In paragraph 1, The above controller, A command unit that switches the operating mode of the battery according to the conditions of the above grid; A control unit that controls the operation of the battery according to the operating mode of the battery; A cell monitoring unit that checks the status information of the above battery; and A grid monitoring unit that checks the power supply status of the above grid; A battery system characterized by including:

13. A battery cell assembly comprising a plurality of battery cells, which assists in powering the grid; and A controller configured to divide an area on the SoC (State-of-Charge) curve of the battery cell into a normal state response area and an abnormal state response area, and to select an output value corresponding to one of the normal state response area and the abnormal state response area depending on the state of the grid; A battery system comprising:

14. In paragraph 13, A battery system, characterized in that the controller operates a recovery cycle for each of a plurality of battery cells when operating a recovery cycle of the battery.

15. In paragraph 13, A battery system characterized in that the controller, when operating a recovery cycle of a battery, operates a recovery cycle for the entire battery cell assembly, and then operates a recovery cycle for each battery cell after the SoC of the entire battery cell assembly is within a normal range.

16. A step in which the battery system assists the grid's power in the battery's normal state response area; A step of the battery system acquiring the SoC of the battery when the grid enters an abnormal state; The step of the above battery system setting an abnormal state response area according to the SoC of the acquired battery; and A battery control method, wherein the battery system comprises a step of assisting the power of the grid in the abnormal state response area of ​​the set battery.

17. In paragraph 16, The step of setting the abnormal state response area according to the SoC of the battery acquired above is: A battery control method, characterized in that when the SoC of the acquired battery is at a high or medium level, the controller includes a step of expanding the abnormal state response area so that at least a portion of the normal state response area overlaps at least a portion of the abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of the battery.

18. In paragraph 16, The step of setting the abnormal state response area according to the SoC of the battery acquired above is: A battery control method, characterized in that when the SoC of the acquired battery is at a low level, the controller sets the abnormal state response area on the SoC curve of the battery so that the normal state response area and the abnormal state response area do not overlap each other.

19. In paragraph 16, After the step of assisting the power of the grid in the abnormal state response area of ​​the battery set above, When the above grid returns to a normal state, it further includes a step of running a recovery cycle on the battery, The steps to activate the above recovery cycle are: A battery control method, characterized in that it includes a step of performing rapid charging on the battery when the SoC value of the battery is lower than a set value when the grid transitions from an abnormal state to a normal state.

20. In paragraph 16, After the step of assisting the power of the grid in the abnormal state response area of ​​the battery set above, When the above grid returns to a normal state, it further includes a step of running a recovery cycle on the battery, The steps to activate the above recovery cycle are: A battery control method, characterized in that it includes a step of performing normal charging on the battery when the SoC value of the battery is equal to or higher than a set value when the grid transitions from an abnormal state to a normal state.

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