Image projection device
The image projection device addresses the challenge of reducing power consumption by using laser elements with low threshold currents and performing pulse driving with short pulse widths, resulting in reduced power consumption and improved image quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/117933
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Conventional image projection devices face challenges in reducing power consumption while maintaining good image quality, due to the high oscillation threshold current and slope efficiency of laser elements, which lead to increased power consumption in drive circuits and temporal shifts in pulse current, causing color shifts and image flow.
The image projection device incorporates a light source with multiple laser elements having low threshold currents (15mA or less for red, 25mA or less for green, and 10mA or less for blue) and performs pulse driving with a pulse width shorter than required for one pixel modulation speed, reducing power consumption and jitter.
This approach effectively reduces power consumption while maintaining good image quality by minimizing the pulse current value and capacitance loss in the drive circuit, thus eliminating heat generation issues and enhancing the reliability of the laser elements.
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Figure CN2023117933_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
IMAGE PROJECTION DEVICEFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to an image projection device, and more specifically, to an image projection device that is driven with low power consumption.BACKGROUND
[0002] In recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) glasses, which are head-mounted display-type augmented reality wearable terminals, are being developed as one image projection device.
[0003] Image projection devices such as the AR glasses are required to be small, stylish and driven with low power consumption.
[0004] Conventional image projection devices are configured to guide a laser beam emitted from a laser element to the human eye through a light guide plate having a diffractive optical element (DOE) .
[0005] To reduce power consumption, the conventional image projection devices pulse-drive the semiconductor laser diode (LD) element (hereinafter referred to as a laser element) by applying a pulse current, which is higher than an oscillation threshold current, to the laser element.
[0006] In terms of reducing power consumption, pulse driving in conventional image projection devices has been performed using the laser element with a high oscillation threshold current so that a high slope efficiency, which is a ratio of an optical output to a current value of the pulse current (i.e., peak current value) , is high.
[0007] However, in order to drive the laser element with the high slope efficiency and the high oscillation threshold current, conventional image projection devices required a large pulse current value in the pulse driving. Since the current value of the pulse current had to be increased, conventional image projection devices may cause increase in power consumption of a drive circuit and a temporal shift of the pulse current, called jitter. The jitter may cause color shift and image flow, which may deteriorate image quality. Therefore, it is desirable for the image projection device to reduce power consumption while maintaining good image quality.SUMMARY
[0008] The present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned above. Accordingly, the present disclosure needs to provide an image projection device.
[0009] In accordance with the present disclosure, an image projection device includes:
[0010] a light source that emits a laser beam;
[0011] a scanner that scans the laser beam emitted from the light source; and
[0012] a projection optical system that irradiates the laser beam scanned by the scanner and projects an image to a user's retina, wherein
[0013] the light source includes:
[0014] at least one first laser element that emits the laser beam of a wavelength from 610 nm to 680 nm and has a threshold current of 15mA or less;
[0015] at least one second laser element that emits the laser beam of the wavelength from 500 nm to 530 nm and has the threshold current of 25mA or less;
[0016] at least one third laser element that emits the laser beam of the wavelength from 430 nm to 470 nm and has the threshold current of 10mA or less; and
[0017] a drive circuit that performs pulse driving of the first laser element, the second laser element, and the third laser element with a pulse width shorter than a pulse width determined by a required modulation speed of one pixel.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] These and / or other aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following descriptions made with reference to the drawings, in which:
[0019] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an image projection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a light source according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a current-optical output characteristic of a first laser element according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic of a second laser element according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic of a third laser element according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a drive current of the laser elements according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a scanner according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a scanning method of the scanner according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a tilt mirror module according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an operation of the tilt mirror module according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to a first example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the first example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 9C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the first example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 9D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the first example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to a second example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the second example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 10C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the second example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 10D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the second example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic of the first laser element according to a first comparative example;
[0038] FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic of the second laser element according to the first comparative example;
[0039] FIG. 11C is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic of the third laser element according to the first comparative example;
[0040] FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to the first comparative example;
[0041] FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the first comparative example;
[0042] FIG. 12C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the first comparative example;
[0043] FIG. 12D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the first comparative example;
[0044] FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to a second comparative example;
[0045] FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the second comparative example;
[0046] FIG. 13C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the second comparative example;
[0047] FIG. 13D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the second comparative example;
[0048] FIG. 14A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to a third comparative example;
[0049] FIG. 14B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the third comparative example;
[0050] FIG. 14C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the third comparative example;
[0051] FIG. 14D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the third comparative example;
[0052] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the light source according to a first modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0053] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the scanner according to a second modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0054] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the light source according to a third modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0055] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the light source according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0056] FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to an example of the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0057] FIG. 19B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the example of the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0058] FIG. 19C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the example of the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0059] FIG. 19D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the example of the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0060] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the light source according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0061] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the light source according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0062] FIG. 22A is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic and a current-voltage characteristic of the first laser element according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0063] FIG. 22B is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic and the current-voltage characteristic of the second laser element according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0064] FIG. 22C is a diagram illustrating the current-optical output characteristic and the current-voltage characteristic of the third laser element according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0065] FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to a first example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0066] FIG. 23B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the first example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0067] FIG. 23C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the first example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0068] FIG. 23D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the first example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0069] FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to a second example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0070] FIG. 24B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the second example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0071] FIG. 24C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the second example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0072] FIG. 24D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the second example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0073] FIG. 25A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to a third example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0074] FIG. 25B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the third example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0075] FIG. 25C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the third example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0076] FIG. 25D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the third example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0077] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating driving conditions of the laser elements according to a fourth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0078] FIG. 27A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to the fourth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0079] FIG. 27B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the fourth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0080] FIG. 27C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the fourth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0081] FIG. 27D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the fourth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0082] FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram illustrating driving conditions of the laser elements according to a fifth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0083] FIG. 29A is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the first laser element (R) according to the fifth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0084] FIG. 29B is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the second laser element (G) according to the fifth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0085] FIG. 29C is a diagram illustrating driving conditions of the third laser element (B) according to the fifth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0086] FIG. 29D is a diagram illustrating power consumption in accordance with the driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) according to the fifth example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0087] FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating the light source according to a first modification of the third embodiment of the present disclosure, and
[0088] FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating the light source according to a second modification of the third embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0089] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail and examples of the embodiments will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The same or similar elements and the elements having same or similar functions are denoted by like referenc e numerals throughout the descriptions. The embodiments described herein with reference to the drawings are explanatory, which aim to illustrate the present disclosure, but shall not be construed to limit the present disclosure.
[0090] [First Embodiment]
[0091] The image projection device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. The image projection device according to the first embodiment is a retina projection type head-mounted display that projects an image onto a user's retina. More specifically, the image projection device according to the first embodiment is an eye-tracking retina projection type head-mounted display that uses an end surface emitting laser as a light source and projects images onto the user's retina by tracking the user's visual line direction. As shown in FIG. 1, the image projection device 1 according to the first embodiment includes a light source 11, a collimating optical system 12, a scanne r 14, a projection optical system 15, a visual line direction detector 16, an optical system controller 17, and a digital image controller (DIC) 18.
[0092] The light source 11 emits a laser beam to the scanner 14. As shown in FIG. 2, the light source 11 includes a first laser element 111, a second laser element 112, a third laser element 113, and a drive circuit (LDD) 117.
[0093] In the first embodiment, each of the first laser element 111, the second laser element 112, and the third laser element 113 is an edge-emitting laser. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 has a p-type semiconductor layer 101, an n-type semiconductor layer 102, and an active layer 103 between the p-type semiconductor layer 101 and the n-type semiconductor layer 102.
[0094] As shown in FIG. 2, the first laser element 111 emits a laser beam Lr with a wavelength from 610 nm to 680 nm (i.e., red) . The wavelength of the laser beam Lr may be 650 nm, for example. The second laser element 112 emits a laser beam Lg with a wavelength from 500 nm to 530 nm (i.e., green) . The wavelength of the laser beam Lg may be 520 nm, for example. The third laser element 113 emits a laser beam Lb with a wavelength from 430 nm to 470 nm (i.e., blue) . The wavelength of the laser beam Lb may be 450 nm, for example.
[0095] The active layer 103 of the first laser element 111 (i.e., the first active layer) contains aluminum gallium indium phosphorus (AlGaInP) . Each of the active layer 103 (i.e., second active layer) of the second laser element 112 and the active layer 103 (i.e., third active layer) of the third laser element 113 contain indium gallium nitride (InGaN) .
[0096] Each laser element 111, 112, 113 is connected to the drive circuit 117 via wiring. The drive circuit 117 is connected to the digital image controller 18. The drive circuit drives the light source 11. Specifically, the drive circuit 117 applies a drive current between the p-type semiconductor layer 101 and the n-type semiconductor layer 102 under control of the digital image controller 18. When a drive current higher than an oscillation threshold current is applied, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 emits a laser beam Lr, Lg, and Lb generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the active layer 103 from the edge surface (cleft surface) of the active layer 103.
[0097] As shown in FIG. 3A, in the first embodiment, the oscillation threshold current of the first laser element 111 is 30 mA or less at a case temperature (Tc) of 0℃ to 60℃. More specifically, the oscillation threshold current of the first laser element 111 is between 5 mA or more and 25 mA or less at the case temperature of 0℃ to 60℃ and is 15 mA or less at the case temperature of 25℃.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 3B, in the first embodiment, the oscillation threshold current of the second laser element 112 is 35 mA or less at the case temperature of 0℃ to 60℃. More specifically, the oscillation threshold current of the second laser element 112 is between 15 mA or more and 32 mA or less at the case temperature of 0℃ to 60℃ and is 25 mA or less at the case temperature of 25℃.
[0099] As shown in FIG. 3C, in the first embodiment, the oscillation threshold current of the third laser element 113 is 15 mA or less at the case temperature of 0℃ to 60℃. More specifically, the oscillation threshold current of the third laser element 113 is between 5 mA or more and 12 mA or less at the case temperature of 0℃ to 60℃ and is 10 mA or less at the case temperature of 25℃.
[0100] These laser elements 111, 112, and 113 have an extremely high front surface reflectivity (almost 100%) and a low slope efficiency, which reduces the oscillation threshold current.
[0101] As shown in FIG. 4, the digital image controller 18 sends a signal (i.e., data) to the drive circuit 117 so that the drive circuit 117 applies a pulse current, which has a pulse width W and a pulse height H as a drive current, to each laser element 111, 112, 113. In other words, the drive circuit 117 performs pulse driving of each laser element 111, 112, 113. Specifically, the drive circuit 117 performs pulse driving of each laser element 111, 112, 113 with a pulse width W determined by a required modulation speed of one pixel. The pulse width W determined by the required modulation speed of one pixel may be 11.2 nsec (for example, see the pulse widths corresponding to continuous wave CW in FIGS. 9A-9C) . More specifically, the drive circuit 117 performs pulse driving of each laser element 111, 112, 113 with a pulse width W of 2.2nsec or less. More preferably, the drive circuit 117performs pulse driving of each laser element 111, 112, 113 with a pulse width W of 1.1 nsec or less.
[0102] In other words, the drive circuit 117 performs pulse driving of each laser element 111, 112, 113 with a sufficiently low oscillation threshold current with a sufficiently short pulse width W. Accordingly, the laser light output is very small when the image is projected onto the retina, and each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 has a low oscillation threshold current, thus the drive current is even smaller. As a result, it is possible to reduce power consumption while reducing jitter. Furthermore, since a current value generated to drive the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 is small, capacitance loss or the like (including resistance loss and inductance loss) in the drive circuit 117 is decreased. As a result, the power consumption of the drive circuit 117 itself can be significantly reduced.
[0103] The collimating optical system 12 shown in FIG. 1 is disposed on an emitting side of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb with respect to the light source 11. The collimating optical system 12 collimates and emits the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from the light source 11. In the example shown in FIG. 1, collimating optical system 12 includes a single lens. The configuration of the collimating optical system 12 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1. For example, the collimating optical system 12 may include multiple lenses.
[0104] The scanner 14 is disposed on the emitting side of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb with respect to the collimating optical system 12. The scanner 14 scans the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from the light source 11. Specifically, the scanner 14 scans the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb that have been collimated by the collimating optical system 12.
[0105] As shown in FIG. 5, the scanner 14 has, for example, a MEMS (Micro Electric Mechanical System) mirror 141 and an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) (not shown) that drives the MEMS mirror 141. The MEMS mirror 141 has a first rotation axis A1 that rotates the MEMS mirror 141 to scan the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in a first uniaxial direction. The MEMS mirror 141 also has a second rotation axis A2 that rotates the MEMS mirror 141 so as to scan the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in a second uniaxial direction perpendicular to the first uniaxial direction. The ASIC applies a drive current to the piezoelectric element (not shown) provided around the MEMS mirror 141 to rotationally drive the MEMS mirror 141. The digital image controller 18 controls the rotational drive of the MEMS mirror 141 by the ASIC.
[0106] The MEMS mirror 141 scans the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb by rotating around the first rotation axis A1. The MEMS mirror 141 also scans the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb by rotating around the second rotation axis A2.
[0107] Since one MEMS mirror 141 scans laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in both the first and second uniaxial directions that are orthogonal to each other, there is no need to provide separate MEMS mirrors for scanning laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in the main scanning direction and in the sub-scanning direction. This allows the image projection system 1 to be downsized.
[0108] The MEMS mirror 141 rotates around the first rotation axis A1 using resonance. The MEMS mirror 141 also uses resonance to rotate around the second rotation axis A2. Since the MEMS mirror 141 uses resonance to rotate in both the first and second uniaxial directions that are orthogonal to each other, it is possible to reduce the power consumption required to drive the scanner 14.
[0109] The scanner 14 scans the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from the light source 11 using a Lissajous scan method as shown in FIG. 6. By scanning the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in the Lissajous scan method, high-speed moving image projection with few afterimages can be performed on the user's retina. For example, even at a frame rate of about 60 Hz, a sufficiently fast moving image pr ojection can be performed. In addition, by scanning the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb using the Lissajous scan method, power consumption of the MEMS mirror 141 can be reduced compared to scanning the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb using the raster scan method.
[0110] The relationship between the scanner 14 and the resolution of the image is expressed by the following equation.
[0111] N = (θopt *D) / (1.1 *λ) (1)
[0112] In Equation (1) , θopt is an optical swing angle for scanning the laser beam emitted from the light source 11 as shown in FIG. 1 (hereafter the same applies) . D is a diameter of the MEMS mirror 141 (hereafter the same applies) . λ is the wavelength of the laser beam (hereafter the same applies) . Therefore, by increasing θopt *D, an image with higher resolution can be projected onto the retina. For example, by increasing the resonance frequency in the first and second uniaxial directions that are orthogonal to each other, and by increasing θopt *D in equation (1) , it is possible to increase the resolution. It is known that the highest image quality, such as the image quality in the case of dot pattern display, can be obtained when the GCD (greatest common divisor) of the resonance frequencies in the first and second uniaxial directions, that are orthogonal to each other, is made close to 1.
[0113] The projection optical system 15 is an optical system that projects an image by irradiating laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb, which are scanned by the scanner 14, onto the retina of the user. As shown in FIG. 1, the projection optical system 15 has a first reflection mirror 151, a relay lens 152, and a second reflection mirror 153.
[0114] The first reflection mirror 151 is disposed on the emitting side of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb with respect to the scanner 14. The laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from the scanner 14 are incident on the first reflection mirror 151. The first reflection mirror 151 reflects the incident laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb toward the relay lens 152. The first reflection mirror 151 rotates under a control of the optical system controller 17. As the first reflection mirror 151 rotates, reflection directions of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb are changed. The optical system controller 17 controls the rotation of the first reflection mirror 151 based on the user's visual line direction detected by the v isual line direction detector 16. Specifically, the optical system controller 17 controls the rotation of the first reflection mirror 151 so that the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb reflected by the first reflection mirror 151 are projected onto the user's retina according to the user's visual line direction.
[0115] As shown in FIG. 7, the first reflection mirror 151 is composed of a tilt mirror module. Specifically, the first reflection mirror 151 has a movable body 1541, a gimbal mechanism 1542, a magnetic drive mechanism 1543, a fixed body 1544, a Hall sensor 1545, and a tilt mirror module drive mechanism 1546.
[0116] The movable body 1541 includes a tilt mirror 1541a. The movable body 1541 is supported by the fixed body 1544 via the gimbal mechanism 1542 so that the tilt mirror 1541a swings about the rotation center RC.
[0117] The gimbal mechanism 1542 includes, for example, a metal plate spring. The gimbal mechanism 1542 supports the movable body 1541 with respect to the fixed body 1544 so that the tilt mirror 1541a swings about the center of rotation RC. In an example shown in FIG. 7, the gimbal mechanism 1542 supports the movable body 1541 to the fixed body 1544 so that the tilt mirror 1541a rotates around rotation axes A3 and A4.
[0118] The magnetic drive mechanism 1543 generates a magnetic drive force between the movable body 1541 and the fixed body 1544. The magnetic drive force displaces the movable body 1541 with respect to the fixed body 1544. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the magnetic drive mechanism 1543 includes a coil 1543a and a magnet 1543b. The coil 1543a is provided on the movable body 1541. The magnet 1543b is provided on the fixed body 1544 opposite the coil 1543a.
[0119] The fixed body 1544 is provided so that an angle of the fixed body 1544 can be changed around the rotation axes A3 and A4. By changing the angle of the fixed body 1544 around the rotation axes A3 and A4, the tilt mirror 1541a irradiates a laser beam onto the user's retina based on the user's visual line direction and enables the image to be projected.
[0120] The Hall sensor 1545 outputs a detection signal in response to a tilt of the movable body 1541. The Hall sensor 1545 is provided on the movable body 1541 at a position near the magnet 1543b. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the Hall sensor 1545 is provided inside the coil 1543a. The detection signal output from the Hall sensor 1545 is input to the optical system controller 17. The optical system controller 17 detects the tilt of the movable body 1541 based on the input detection signal. The optical system controller 17 controls the generation of the magnetic drive force by the magnetic drive mechanism 1543 based on the detected tilt of the movable body 1541. This allows the angle of the tilt mirror 1541a to be controlled quickly and precisely.
[0121] The tilt mirror module drive mechanism 1546 is a drive mechanism that changes the angle of the tilt mirror 1541a based on the visual line direction detected by the visual line direction detector 16. For example, the tilt mirror module drive mechanism 1546 includes a magnetic circuit, a piezoelectric element, and a motor.
[0122] As shown in FIG. 1, the second reflection mirror 153 is disposed on the reflection side of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb with respect to the first reflection mirror 151. The laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb reflected from the first reflection mirror 151 are incident on the second reflection mirror 153 through the relay lens 152. The second reflection mirror 153 reflects the incident laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb to the user's retina. The second reflection mirror 153 is, for example, a free-form mirror. The second reflection mirror 153 may be a microstructure diffractive optical element or a holographic optical element.
[0123] The visual line direction detector 16 irradiates infrared light to the user's eyes. For low power consumption, the visual line direction detector 16 includes an infrared laser device such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) or an infrared LED. The visual line direction detector 16 receives reflected infrared light that is reflected from the user's eyes. The visual line direction detector 16 outputs, according to the amount of the received reflected light, a detection signal for detecting the visual line direction to the optical system controller 17 and the digital image controller 18. The visual line direction detector 16 is, for example, an eye tracking camera.
[0124] The optical system controller 17 controls the projection optical system 15 based on the detected visual line direction detected by the visual line direction detector 16. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the optical system controller 17 rotates the first reflection mirror 151 according to a change in the visual line direction detected by the visual line direction detector 16. This allows the laser beam to be focused on a pupil and continue to project the image onto the retina regardless of the change in the visual line direction. This allows the user to continue viewing the image even after moving the eyes.
[0125] By projecting the laser beam onto the retina by tracking the user's visual line direction, an eye box can be widened. Further, since flux of the laser beam is narrower than a diameter of the observer’s pupil, focus adjustment can be eliminated. In addition, images with high resolution can be projected, color gamut of the image can be expanded, and color irregularities in the image can be almost eliminated.
[0126] By projecting the laser beam onto the retina by tracking the user's visual line direction, an eye box can be widened. Further, since flux of the laser beam is narrower than a diameter of the observer’s pupil, focus adjustment can be eliminated. In addition, images with high resolution can be projected. Further, by using the RGB laser, color gamut of the image can be expanded. Moreover, since the image is projected directly to the use’s eye, color irregularities in the image can be almost eliminated.
[0127] The optical system controller 17 may control the rotation of the first reflection mirror 151 based on the detection results of the angular velocity sensor (not shown) and the visual line direction detector 16. Specifically, when the angular velocity (i.e., vibration) of the image projection device 1 is detected by the angular velocity sensor, the optical system controller 17 may control the rotation of the first reflection mirror 151 to offset the detected angular velocity. This allows the image projection device 1 to continue to project images onto the retina in accordance with the user's visual line direction even when the image projection device 1 vibrates.
[0128] The digital image controller 18 controls the emission of laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb by the light source 11. Specifically, the digital image controller 18 obtains image data of an image to be projected onto the user's retina from a memory or a host device. The digital image controller 18 drives the first laser element 111, the second laser element 112, and the third laser element 113 through the drive circuit 117 according to pixel values indicated in the image data. As described above, the digital image controller 18 performs pulse driving of each laser element 111, 112, 113 with a pulse width W of 2.2 nsec or less.
[0129] As described above, in the first embodiment, the projection optical system 15 irradiates the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb, which are scanned by the scanner 14, onto the user's retina to project an image onto the retina. In the first embodiment, drive circuit 117 performs pulse driving with a pulse width of 2.2nsec or less on the first, second, and third laser elements 111, 112, and 113. The first laser element 111 has the oscillation threshold current of 15 mA or less and emits the laser beam Lr with the wavelength from 610 nm to 680 nm. The second laser element 112 has the oscillation threshold current of 25 mA or less and emits the laser beam Lg with the wavelength from 500 nm to 530 nm. The third laser element 113 has the oscillation threshold current of 10 mA or less and emits the laser beam Lb with the wavelength from 430 nm to 470 nm.
[0130] Therefore, in the first embodiment, the pulse current value (i.e., peak current value) of pulse driving can be sufficiently small and power consumption can be reduced by performing pulse driving of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113, which have good response with sufficiently small oscillation threshold current, with a short pulse width. Since the pulse current value can be made sufficiently small, jitter and capacitance loss and the like of the drive circuit 117 can be reduced.
[0131] This makes it possible to reduce power consumption while maintaining good image quality.
[0132] The laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with a low oscillation threshold current have a low slope efficiency compared to the laser elements with a high oscillation threshold current. Compared to the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with low slope efficiency, the laser elements with high slope efficiency can output laser beam with high efficiency at a drive current above the oscillation threshold current. However, in the case of retina projection method, as explained in the first comparative example below, i t was found that the laser elements with high slope efficiency have high power consumption even when performing pulse driving due to the large oscillation threshold current. Therefore, it was found that laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with low slope efficiency and low oscillation threshold current are more effective in reducing power consumption than laser elements with high slope efficiency.
[0133] Since the image projection system 1 according to the first embodiment projects the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb onto the retina, the optical output required for image projection can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional image projection system with a light guide plate and diffractive optical elements. Since the light output can be significantly reduced, images of good quality without jitter can be projected even with a small pulse current value.
[0134] In addition, it was found that the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 in the first embodiment may be very low in optical output, and even if the slope efficiency is low, the power consumption is low when the oscillation threshold current is low. Therefore, it is not necessary to drive the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 at a drive current near the oscillation threshold current to reduce power consumption, as is the case with laser elements with a large oscillation threshold current (i.e., laser elements with high slope efficiency) . In other words, in the first embodiment, the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 can be driven at a drive current sufficiently larger than the oscillation threshold current while reducing power consumption. This makes it possible to stabilize the optical output since it is less susceptible to fluctuations in the oscillation threshold current due to temperature changes and other factors.
[0135] Next, an example showing the power consumption of the image projection system 1 according to the first embodiment will be described, comparing it with a comparative example.
[0136] [First Example]
[0137] In the first example of the first embodiment, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C was driven under four different driving conditions.
[0138] The four drive conditions are one type of continuous driving (CW: continuous wave) and three types of pulse driving. FIG. 9A shows the driving conditions for the first laser element 111 (R) . FIG. 9B shows the driving conditions for the second laser element 112 (G) . FIG. 9C shows the driving conditions for the third laser element 113 (B) . As shown in FIG. 9A to FIG. 9C, the specific parameters for the continuous driving and the pulse driving are different for each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113.
[0139] In FIG. 9A to FIG. 9C, “LD Power (mW) ” is the optical output of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113. “Iop” is the drive current of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113. “P.C. (CW: mW) ” is the power consumption corresponding to the continuous driving with the same pulse width as the pulse width of one pixel, not to the driving with a shorter pulse width in the pulse width of one pixel. The pulse width of one pixel is determined by a laser modulation speed (i.e., modulation frequency) required for projection of one pixel. In the example shown in FIGS. 9A-9C, the pulse width of one pixel is 11.2 nsec. “Duty” is the duty ratio for obtaining the same amount of light when driving with the shorter pulse within the pulse width of one pixel. “P.C. (Pulse: mW) ” is the power consumption corresponding to performing pulse driving. “Power Ratio (%) ” is the percentage of a ratio of “P. C. (Pulse: mW) ” to “P.C. (CW: mW) ” . “Pulse width (nsec) ” is the pulse width set during pulse driving. “Pulse number” is the value obtained by dividing the pulse width required for one pixel by the above “Pulse width (nsec) ” , which is the maximum number of pulses per pixel. In order to reduce the power consumption of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 to the maximum, it is desirable to use a set pulse width (nsec) and a pulse number of 1 to output the peak LD power that has an average LD power same as the LD power in CW.
[0140] In the first example of the first embodiment, the power consumption corresponding to the driving conditions of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 was calculated by simulation. FIG. 9D shows the power consumption corresponding to driving conditions of the laser elements (RGB) . In FIG. 9D, “TPC (100%) ” is the total power consumption of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 when Pixel on is 100%when the pixels are lit in white. “TPC (30%) ” is the total power consumption of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 when Pixel on is 30%of normal video output. “DIC” is the power consumption required for image processing of the digital image controller provided in the digital image controller 18. “MEMS+ASIC” is the power consumption of the scanner 14, that is, the MEMS mirror 141 and the ASIC. “Laser module” is the power consumption of the laser elements 111, 112, 113 for emitting the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb. “Laser module” matches “TPC (30%) ” . “LDD” is the power consumption of the drive circuit 117 used to control the pulse width, frequency, intensity, etc. of the drive signal of the laser elements 111, 112, 113. “Pulse generation loss” is power consumption that is additionally lost for gene rating drive pulses. More specifically, “Pulse generation loss” means the power consumption loss due to the wiring when the pulse current of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 is applied and the power consumption loss due to the transistor when the current is turned on / off. In other words, “pulse generation loss” is the power consumption that is lost in the drive circuit 117 and wiring, which is proportional to the power consumption (= TPC (30%) ) applied to the laser elements 111, 112, and 113, “pulse generation los s” being apart from the power applied to the laser elements 111, 112, and 113. “sum” is the total power consumption of “DIC” , “MEMS+ASIC” , “Laser module” , “LDD” , and “Pulse generation loss” .
[0141] The meanings of the terms in the FIGs of the first example of the first embodiment are the same in the subsequent examples and comparative examples.
[0142] According to the first example of the first embodiment, the power consumption "sum" can be reduced to 215 mW or less by pulse-driving the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 having the low oscillation threshold current with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec or less. By pulse-driving the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 having the low oscillation threshold current with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec, the power consumption “sum” can be reduced to 205 mW or less. In addition, “TPC (30%) ” can be reduced to 8.6 mW, less than 10 mW, during pulse driving with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec. In particular, since the drive current (Iop) is small, pulse drive of 0.7 nsec is possible, “TPC (30%) ” can be set to 6.4 mW, and the power consumption of 201mW, which is close to the ideal value, can be realized.
[0143] According to the first example of the first embodiment, “TPC (30%) ” can be reduced to less than 10 mW, which is 1 / 10 of the conventional technology. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the heat generation of the laser element itself despite the fact that normally, the laser element (LD) , which is a small component, locally heats up, causing problems in the life of the laser element, unstable output, and difficulty in local heat dissipation. Further, according to the first example of the first embodiment, it is sufficient to allow the laser element to naturally dissipate heat, so the problem of reliability and instability of the laser element is eliminated. This allows AR glasses to have a stylish structure.
[0144] In the first embodiment, for comparison with first, second, and third comparative examples, which will be described later, the device structure of the drive circuit 117 is designed such that “LDD” is 30 mW for all driving conditions, as in the first, second, and third comparative examples. As shown in the second embodiment below, if the logic portion is composed of ASIC and the peak drive current of the laser is reduced, “LDD” can be reduced to less than 30 mW by optimizing the device structure of the drive circuit 117.
[0145] [Second Example]
[0146] In the second example of the first embodiment, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C was driven under the same four driving conditions as in the first example. Parameters of the four driving conditions are the same as in the first example.
[0147] The first laser element 111 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 10A. The second laser element 112 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 10B. The third laser element 113 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 10C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 10D.
[0148] In the second embodiment, since the device structure of the drive circuit 117 is optimally designed, the pulse drive current is reduced, and the capacitance loss and the like are reduced, it is possible to lower the value of “LDD” than in the first embodiment. In the optimally designed drive circuit 117, the “LDD” can be reduced to about three times the “Pulse generation loss” . As shown in FIG. 10D, in the second embodiment, “LDD” has different fluctuation values according to the pulse drive current Iop.
[0149] As can be seen in FIG. 10D, according to the second example of the first embodiment, by performing the pulse driving of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec or less and the low oscillation threshold current, the power consumption “sum” can be further reduced than in the first example. Specifically, when performing the pulse driving with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec, the power consumption “sum” can be reduced to 192mW or less which is below the ideal value of 200 mW.
[0150] [First Comparative Example]
[0151] As shown in FIG. 11A, in the first comparative example, a red laser element with a larger oscillation threshold current and higher slope efficiency compared to the first laser element 111 shown in FIG. 3A was used. As shown in FIG. 11B, in the first comparative example, a green laser element with a larger oscillation threshold current and higher slope efficiency compared to the second laser element 112 shown in FIG. 3B was used. As shown in FIG. 11C, in the first comparative example, a blue laser element with a larger oscillation threshold current and higher slope efficiency than the third laser element 113 shown in FIG. 3C was used. In the first comparative example, a light guide plate having a diffractive optical element were used instead of the retina projection method. The efficiency of the light guide plate is very poor, so a large laser power is required. The red laser element was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 12A. The green laser element was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 12B. The blue laser element was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 12C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 12D.
[0152] As can be seen from FIG. 12D, in the first comparison example, the power consumption cannot be sufficiently reduced even if the pulse driving is performed with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec or less, due to the fact that the retina projection method, which can reduce the required optical output, is not used and the oscillation threshold current of the laser element is large. Specifically, even if the pulse driving is performed with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec, “TPC (30%) ” is 53 mW, and “sum” is 280 mW.
[0153] [Second Comparative Example]
[0154] In the second comparative example, the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 shown in FIG. 3A through FIG. 3C, the light guide plate having the diffractive optical element were used. The first laser element 111 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 13A. The second laser element 112 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 13B. The third laser element 113 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 13C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 13D.
[0155] As can be seen from FIG. 13D, in the second comparative example, since the retina projection method is not used, the power consumption cannot be sufficiently reduced even if the laser element with the small oscillation threshold current is pulse-driven with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec. Specifically, even if pulse driving is performed with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec, “TPC (30%) ” is 67 mW, and "sum" can only be reduced to 304 mW. Therefore, it was found that the power consumption of the laser element and the total power consumption of the second comparative example became larger than when the laser element having the high slope efficiency was used. Furthermore, it was found that since the drive current value of the green and blue lasers becomes large, if the pulse width of the pulse driving is shorter than 2.2 nsc, the effect of jitter increases and the image quality deteriorates easily, and such lasers with the small oscillation threshold current were impractical in case of the light guide plate having the diffractive optical element.
[0156] [Third Comparative Example]
[0157] In the third comparative example, the red laser element shown in FIG. 11A, the green laser element shown in FIG. 11B, the blue laser element shown in FIG. 11C, and the retina projection system were used.
[0158] The red laser element was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 14A. The green laser element was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 14B. The blue laser element was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 14C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 14D.
[0159] As can be seen from FIG. 14D, in the third comparative example, since the oscillation threshold current of the laser element is large, the power consumption cannot be sufficiently reduced even by performing pulse driving with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec using the retina projection method. Specifically, even if pulse driving is performed with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec, “TPC (30%) ” is 14 mW and "sum" can only be reduced to 214 mW. In other words, during low-power laser element operation such as retina projection, since the drive current value increases due to the large oscillation threshold current, “TPC (30%) ” can only be reduced to 14 mW. Therefore, even if the drive circuit 117 (LDD) is optimally designed, the total power consumption cannot be reduc ed.
[0160] According to the examples of the first embodiment described above, it is obvious that the power consumption can be effectively reduced by performing the pulse driving of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with low oscillation threshold current with the short pulse width, in case of retina projection.
[0161] Various modifications shown below may be applied to the image projection device 1 according to the first embodiment.
[0162] [First Modification]
[0163] In the embodiment described above, examples in which the laser elements 111, 112, 113 are single-beam elements are described.
[0164] In contrast, as shown in FIG. 15, in the first modification, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 is disposed in plurality adjacent to each other.
[0165] As a result, the plurality of the first laser elements 111 emit multibeams with a wavelength from 610 nm to 680 nm. The plurality of the second laser elements 112 emit the multibeams with a wavelength from 500 nm to 530 nm. The plurality of the third laser elements 113 emit the multibeams with a wavelength from 430 nm to 470 nm.
[0166] According to the first modified example, by using the multibeams, the multibeams are displayed at the same time, so the resonance frequency of the MEMS can be reduced. By lowering the resonant frequencies in the first and second uniaxial directions that are orthogonal to each other, θopt *D in equation (1) can be increased so as not to reach the physical limit of destruction of the MEMS mirror 141. Since θopt *D can be increased, the resolution of the image can be increased. For example, by increasing the number of beams in the multibeams, the resonance frequency can be further reduced according to the number of beams, and θopt *D can be increased by that amount, and images can be projected onto the user's retina with resolutions higher than FHD (Full High Definition) , that is, FHD, 2K, 4K, and 8K resolutions.
[0167] In addition, since θopt *D can be increased, images with good visibility can be projected onto the user's retina with a high FOV (Field of View) , such as 60°, for example.
[0168] [Second Modification]
[0169] As shown in FIG. 16, in the second modification, the MEMS mirror 141 and the ASIC are vacuum sealed by a sealing member 143 provided above the MEMS mirror 141 and the ASIC.
[0170] According to the second modification, by vacuum sealing the MEMS mirror 141, power consumption can be further reduced. For example, the power consumption of the MEMS mirror 141 and the ASIC can be reduced to less than 10 mW.
[0171] [Third modification]
[0172] As shown in FIG. 17, the light source section 11 may include a collimating lens 118 disposed on the emitting side of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 and a multiplexing optical system 119 disposed on the emitting side of the collimating lens 118. The collimating lens 118 collimates and emits the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from the laser elements 111, 112, and 113. The multiplexing optical system 119 multiplexes the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from the collimating lens 118 while reflecting them to the scanner 14 side. The collimating lens 118 may be a meta-lens bonded to the laser elements 111, 112, and 113. The multiplexing optical system 119 may be a dichroic mirror.
[0173] According to the third modification, by including the multiplexing optical system 119, misalignment of the optical axes of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb can be reduced, and thus high-quality images with less color shift and image flow can be projected.
[0174] [Second Embodiment]
[0175] Next, the image projection device 1 according to the second embodiment will be described, focusing on the differences from the embodiment described above. FIG. 17 describes the example of the light source 11 that multiplexes the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb using the dichroic mirror 119. In contrast, the light source 11 in the second embodiment multiplexes the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb by using a waveguide type optical multiplexer 134, as shown in FIG. 18.
[0176] As shown in FIG. 18, the waveguide type optical multiplexer 134 includes waveguides 1341-1343 and an emission outlet 1344.
[0177] The waveguides 1341-1343 propagate laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from the first, second, and third laser elements 111, 112, and 113, respectively, and multiplexes the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in the multiplexing area 1345. The emission outlet 1344 emits the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb, which are multiplexed in the multiplexing area 1345, to the scanner 14 side.
[0178] In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the retina projection method is used, and the first laser element 111 with the oscillation threshold current of 30 mA or less, the second laser element 112 with the oscillation threshold current of 35 mA or less, and the third laser element 113 with the oscillation threshold current of 15 mA or less are pulse driven with the pulse width of 2.2 nsec or less, respectively.
[0179] Therefore, as in the first embodiment, the power consumption can be reduced while maintaining good image quality.
[0180] Although the waveguide type optical multiplexer 134 may have a low optical coupling ratio (e.g., 20%) , it is possible to stabilize the optical output of the image projection system 1 by performing the pulse driving with the short pulse width.
[0181] In addition, performing the pulse driving with the short pulse width can reduce fluctuations in the optical coupling ratio of the waveguide type optical multiplexer 134 due to heat generation. Therefore, it is not necessary to cool the waveguide type optical multiplexer 134 with a Peltier element or the like, and thus the number of components can be reduced.
[0182] In addition, since the waveguide type optical combining unit 134 can reduce misalignment of the optical axes of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb, it is possible to project high quality images with less color shift and image flow.
[0183] In this embodiment, an example of an end surface emitting laser has been shown in the laser, but a vertical resonant surface emitting laser described later may be used, and when the vertical resonant surface emitting laser is used, the power consumption can be further reduced.
[0184] [Example]
[0185] Next, an example showing the power consumption of the image projection system 1 according to the second embodiment will be described. In the example of the second embodiment, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 3A through FIG. 3C was driven under the same four driving conditions as in the first example of the first embodiment. The first laser element 111 was driven according to the drive conditions shown in FIG. 19A. The second laser element 112 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 19B. The third laser element 113 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 19C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 19D.
[0186] As can be seen in FIG. 19D, according to the example of the second embodiment, by performing the pulse driving of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec or less and the low oscillation threshold current, “sum” can be reduced to 192 mW or less. When performing the pulse driving with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec, “TPC (30%) ” can be reduced to 8.6 mW.
[0187] According to the example of the second embodiment, it is obvious that the power consumption can be effectively reduced by performing the pulse driving of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the low oscillation threshold current and the short pulse width, even when using the waveguide type optical multiplexer 134.
[0188] [Modification]
[0189] Next, a modification of the image projection system 1 according to the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 18 describes an example in which the light source 11 includes one waveguide type optical multiplexer 134. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 20, the light source 11 in the modification of the second embodiment includes two waveguide type optical multiplexers 134a, 134b.
[0190] That is, the light source 11 in the modification of the second embodiment includes a first laser element 111a, a second laser element 112a, a third laser element 113a, and a waveguide type optical multiplexer 134a in a first group. The light source 11 also includes a first laser element 111b, a second laser element 112b, a third laser element 113b, and a waveguide type optical combining device 134b in a second group.
[0191] The waveguide type optical multiplexer 134a of the first group multiplexes the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from each of the first, second, and third laser elements 111a, 112a, and 113a of the first group and multiplexes them in the multiplexing area 1345a of the waveguides 1341a to 1343a to emit them from the emission outlet 1344a.
[0192] The waveguide type optical multiplexer 134b of the second group multiplexes the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb emitted from each of the first, second, and third laser elements 111b, 112b, and 113b of the second group, and multiplexes them in the multiplexing area 1345b of the waveguides 1341b to 1343b to emit them from the emission outlet 1344b.
[0193] The emission outlet 1344a of the waveguide type optical multiplexer 134a of the first group and the emission outlet 1344b of the waveguide type optical multiplexers 134b of the second group are arranged at a predetermined angle with respect to the first and second uniaxial directions of the MEMS mirror 141.
[0194] That is, in the modification of the second embodiment, the light source 11 emits the multibeams from two emission outlets 1344a and 1344b. By emitting multibeams, the resonance frequency of the MEMS mirror 141 can be reduced, and θopt *D in the above equation (1) can be increased, so the resolution can be increased.
[0195] A distance between the emission outlets 1344a, 1344b is preferably less than 20 μm, more preferably less than 10 μm, and even more preferably less than 5 μm. Since the waveguide type coupler has no thermal interference, it is possible to reduce a spacing between the emission outlets 1344a, 1344b. By reducing the spacing between the emission outlets 1344a, 1344b, the light source 11 can emit a high-resolution multibeam with a small beam pitch.
[0196] To reduce the distance between the emission outlets 1344a, 1344b, the waveguides 1341a-1343a, 1341b-1343b of the waveguide type optical multiplexers 134a, 134b may have a steeper curve than the configuration in FIG. 18. Similar to the first embodiment, the output of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb can be small because the image projection system 1 according to the second embodiment uses the retina projection method. Therefore, even if there is a loss of laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb due to the steep curves of the waveguides 1341a-1343a, 1341b-1343b, an image with good visibility can be projected onto the user's retina. Even if the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 have a kink on the low-current side, by driving the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 at a high current and by causing a loss of laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in the waveguides 1341a to 1343a and 1341b to 1343b, the kink can be avoided and the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb with an appropriate output power can be projected onto the retina.
[0197] [Third Embodiment]
[0198] Next, the image projection device 1 according to the third embodiment will be described, focusing on the differences from the embodiments described above. In the embodiment described above, the examples in which the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 are end surface emitting lasers are described. In contrast, in the third embodiment, the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 are vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) that emit laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb in a direction perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate. The emission direction of the laser beams Lr, Lg, and Lb shown in FIG. 21 is perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate (not shown) included in each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113.
[0199] The vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are described, for example, in two references: “Kenichi Terao et al (2021) . PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY WORKSHOPS, VOL. 28” and “Tatsushi Hamaguchi et al (2018) . Lateral optical confinement of GaN-based VCSEL using an atomically smooth monolithic curved mirror. Scientific Reports” . That is, the semiconductor substrate in each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 may be disposed between a first highly reflective distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a second high reflective distributed Bragg reflector with an active layer in between. Alternatively, the semiconductor substrate may be disposed outside of either the first highly reflective distributed Bragg reflector or the second highly reflective distributed Bragg reflector.
[0200] The vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with a highly reflective distributed Bragg reflector can effectively expand color gamut because the desired wavelength can be selected and there is no wavelength change. In addition, the desired oscillation threshold current can be set by adjusting material composition, reflectance, and shape of the highly reflective distributed Bragg reflector.
[0201] In the third embodiment, the first laser element 111 has the current-optical output (OP) and a current-voltage (V) characteristics shown in FIG. 22A. The second laser element 112 has the current-optical output (OP) and the current-voltage (V) characteristics shown in FIG. 22B. The third laser element 113 has the current-optical output and the current-voltage characteristics shown in FIG. 22C.
[0202] The oscillation threshold current of the first laser element 111 is 1 mA or less. The oscillation threshold current of the second laser element 112 is 3 mA or less. The oscillation threshold current of the third laser element 113 is 1 mA or less. Therefore, the oscillation threshold current is significantly reduced compared to that of the end surface emitting laser.
[0203] As shown in FIG. 21, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 is disposed on semiconductor chips 114 corresponding to each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113. The semiconductor chips 114 are disposed on the drive circuit 117. By disposing each semiconductor chips 114 corresponding to each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 on the drive circuit 117, wiring of the drive circuit 117 can be shortened. As a result, high frequency characteristics and high gradation characteristics can be achieved.
[0204] According to the third embodiment, the power consumption can be significantly reduced by using the vertical cavity surface emitting laser, in which the oscillation threshold current is much lower than that of the end surface emitting laser.
[0205] In addition, the power consumption can be further reduced because the capacitance loss, which depends on the drive current, can be reduced.
[0206] Since the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 can be driven with the low oscillation threshold current in the retinal projection system, where the required optical output is low, the peak current of the drive pulse can be reduced. Since the peak current can be reduced, it is possible to perform the pulse driving with the short pulse width of 1 nsec or less while reducing the jitter. This further reduces the power consumption.
[0207] Next, an example showing the power consumption of the image projection device 1 according to the third embodiment will be described.
[0208] [First Example]
[0209] In the first example of the third embodiment, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22A to FIG. 22C was driven under four different driving conditions similar to the first example of the first embodiment. Specifically, the first laser element 111 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 23A. The second laser element 112 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 23B. The third laser element 113 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 23C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 23D.
[0210] As can be seen in FIG. 23D, according to the first example of the third embodiment, by performing the pulse driving of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec or less and the low oscillation threshold current, “sum” can be reduced to 194mW. In addition, “TPC (30%) ” can be reduced compared to that of the end surface emitting laser. Specifically, it is possible to reduce “TPC (30%) ” to 2 mW when performing pulse driving with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec.
[0211] In the first embodiment, for comparison with the above-described first, second, and third comparative examples, the device structure of the drive circuit 117 is designed such that “LDD” is 30 mW for all driving conditions, as in the first, second, and third comparative examples. As shown in the second embodiment below, “LDD” can be reduced below 30 mW by optimally designing the device structure of the drive circuit 117.
[0212] [Second Example]
[0213] In the second example of the third embodiment, each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22A to FIG. 22C was driven under the same four driving conditions as in the first example of the first embodiment of the third embodiment. The parameters of the four driving conditions are the same as in the first example of the third embodiment. Specifically, the first laser element 111 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 24A. The second laser element 112 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 24B. The third laser element 113 was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 24C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 24D. In the second embodiment, the device structure of the drive circuit 117 is optimally designed, so that the value of “LDD” is smaller than in the first embodiment. In the optimally designed drive circuit 117, the “LDD” can be reduced to about three times the "Pulse generation loss" .
[0214] As can be seen from FIG. 24D, according to the second example of the third embodiment, the power “sum” can be reduced to 169 mW or less by pulse-driving the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 having the low oscillation threshold current with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec or less. Thus, most of the power consumption is “DIC” and “MEMS+ASIC” . Further, since “LDD” can be reduced to 5 mW during pulse driving with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec, “TPC (30%) ” can be reduced to 2 mW.
[0215] [Third Example]
[0216] In the third example of the third embodiment, the first laser element 111 with the current-optical output characteristic shown in FIG. 22A was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 25A. The second laser element 112 with the current-optical output characteristic shown in FIG. 22B was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 25B. The third laser element 113 with the current-optical output characteristic shown in FIG. 22C was driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 25C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 25D.
[0217] As can be seen from FIG. 25D, “TPC (30%) ” can be reduced to 1 mW or less during pulse driving with the pulse width of 0.7 nsec. In this way, by driving the low-threshold-current laser element with short pulses in the retina projection method, the power c onsumption of the laser element can be reduced to a negligible level, which is 1 / 100 of conventional technology. Therefore, for example, “MEMS+ASIC” is reduced to 10 mW by vacuum-sealing the MEMS mirror 141 (see FIG. 16) and increasing the efficiency of the piezoelectric thin film.
[0218] According to the third example of the third embodiment, when 10 mW is used as “MEMS+ASIC” , “TPC (30%) ” can be set to a very small value of 1.0 mW by pulse-driving the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 having the low oscillation threshold current with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec or less. Also, “sum” can be reduced to 94 mW or less. In this way, by using the VCSEL with the low oscillation threshold and using the vacuum-sealed MEMS mirror 141, the dominant factor of the power consumption can be made only to “DIC” , and a significant reduction in the power consumption can be achieved. If an ASIC of a digital circuit that makes up the digital image controller is redesigned using, for example, a fine semiconductor design rule of 20 nm, in the future, it will be possible to reduce the “DIC” to 20 mW, etc., and “su m” to 34 mW.
[0219] [Fourth Example]
[0220] As shown in FIG. 26, in the fourth example of the third embodiment, the light source 11 includes two each of laser elements 111, 112, and 113 having the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIGS. 22A to 22C. In other words, in the fourth example of the third embodiment, the light source 11 emits RGB multibeams.
[0221] In the fourth example of the third embodiment, the two first laser elements 111 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22A were driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 27A. The two second laser elements 112 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22B were driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 27B. The two third laser elements 113 with the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22C were driven according to the driving conditions shown in FIG. 27C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 27D.
[0222] As can be seen from FIG. 27D, according to the fourth example of the third embodiment, “MEMS+ASIC” is 10 mW by using the vacuum-sealed MEMS mirror 141 and the ASIC. In this case, by using the multibeams of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser, higher resolution like FHD / 2K described above can be realized. For example, by pulse-driving the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 having the low oscillation threshold current with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec or less, “sum” can be greatly reduced to 93 mW or less. At this time, the dominant factor of power consumption is only “DIC” . Also, “TPC (30%) ” can be set to a very small value such as 0.61 mW. In this way, by using a VCSEL with the low oscillation threshold and the vacuum-sealed MEMS mirror 141, the dominant factor of the power consumption can be reduced to “DIC” alone, and a significant reduction in the power consumption can be achieved. Furthermore, by using the VCSEL that can easily be multi-beamed, it is possible to increase the resolution while maintaining low power consumption.
[0223] [Fifth Example]
[0224] As shown in FIG. 28, the fifth example of the third embodiment includes driving conditions in which the digital image controller 18 applies two pulses (that is, multiple pulses) of the pulse current having the pulse width of 0.55 nsec to each of the laser elements 111, 112, and 113 per pixel projection. Note that “0.5 mW” in FIG. 28 is the optical output of the second laser element 112 (G) .
[0225] In the fifth example of the third embodiment, the first laser element 111 having the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22A was driven under the driving conditions shown in FIG. 29A. Also, the second laser element 112 having the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22B was driven under the driving conditions shown in FIG. 29B. Also, the third laser element 113 having the current-optical output characteristics shown in FIG. 22C was driven under the driving conditions shown in FIG. 29C. This resulted in the power consumption shown in FIG. 29D.
[0226] In FIGS. 29A to 29C, the driving condition with the pulse width of 1.1 nsec corresponds to the driving condition of applying two pulses of the pulse current with the pulse width of 0.55 nsec. The driving conditions shown in FIG. 28 correspond to the drive conditions when the pulse width is 1.1 nsec in FIG. 29B.
[0227] According to the fifth example of the third embodiment, gradation can be increased by using two drive pulses for projection of one pixel. For example, 16-bit gradation can be realized. The gradation can be further increased by using three or more drive pulses to project one pixel.
[0228] Also, as can be seen from FIG. 29D, according to the fifth example of the third embodiment, “TPC (30%) ” can be reduced to a surprisingly low power consumption of 1.0 mW. Also, as described above, if the digital image controller is composed of the ASIC, “DIC” can be reduced to 20 mW, and by using the vacuum-sealed MEMS mirror 141 and ASIC, “MEMS+ASIC” can be reduced to 10 mW. That is, total power consumption of “DIC” and “MEMS+ASIC” can be surprisingly low at 30 mW. Therefore, “sum” can be 34 mW or less.
[0229] As described above, according to the fifth example of the third embodiment, by pulse-driving the laser element with the low threshold current, the power consumption of the laser element and “LDD” can be greatly reduced. Therefore, even if “DIC” and “MEMS+ASIC” can be reduced, “DIC” and “MEMS+ASIC” are still the dominant factor in the power consumption.
[0230] In other words, in the fifth example of the third embodiment, the power consumption of the laser element can be reduced surprisingly so that “DIC” and “MEMS+ASIC” become dominant factors.
[0231] As described above, according to the example of the third embodiment, by pulse-driving the vertical cavity surface emitting laser with the low oscillation threshold current with the short pulse width, it was confirmed that the power consumption can be effectively reduced compared to the case of the edge-emitting laser, and that higher gradation can be realized.
[0232] [Modifications]
[0233] Next, a modification of the image projection device 1 according to the third embodiment will be described.
[0234] In the example shown in FIG. 30, the light source 11 includes four first laser elements 111a-111d. The four first laser elements 111a-111d are disposed in a staggered manner adjacent to each other. The arrangement allows the distance P between the centers of the emitting portions E of the first laser elements 111a-111d to be as small as possible, even if the first laser elements 111a-111d have a spread around the emitting portion E. The staggered arrangement of the first laser elements 111a-111d also makes it possible to create an arbitrary pitch P. Therefore, by disposing a large number of first laser elements 111a-111d at a high density, the light source 11 can be further miniaturized.
[0235] Also, the resonance frequency of the MEMS mirror 141 can be reduced, and θopt *D in equation (1) can be further increased so as not to reach the physical limit of breakage of the MEMS mirror 141. Since θopt *D can be made larger, the image resolution and FOV can be further increased. For example, by increasing the number of beams in the multibeams, the resonance frequency can be further reduced according to the number of beams, and θopt *D can be increased by that amount, and images can be projected onto the user's retina at resolutions higher than FHD, that is, FHD, 2K, 4K, and 8K resolutions. Also, since θopt *D can be increased, an image with good visibility can be projected on the user's retina with a high FOV of 60°, for example.
[0236] The number of the laser elements is not limited to four, i.e., the number of the laser elements is arbitrary and may be composed of two or three, or five or more. Specifically, the plurality of first laser elements 111, the plurality of second laser elements 112, and the plurality of third laser elements 113 may be six laser elements disposed in a staggered manner, as shown in FIG. 31. According to the example shown in FIG. 31, the distance between the centers of the emitting portions E can be further reduced than in FIG. 30, so that the light source 11 can be made even smaller and the resolution can be increased.
[0237] In the description of embodiments of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that terms such as "central" , "longitudinal" , "transverse" , "length" , "width" , "thickness" , "upper" , "lower" , "front" , "rear" , "left" , "right" , "vertical" , "horizontal" , "top" , "bottom" , "inner" , "outer" , "clockwise" and "counterclockwise" should be construed to refer to the orientation or the position as described or as shown in the drawings under discussion. These relative terms are only used to simplify description of the present disclosure, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, or constructed or operated in a particular orientation. Thus, these terms cannot be constructed to limit the present disclosure.
[0238] In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are used herein for purposes of description and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance or significance or to imply the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the feature defined with "first" and "second" may comprise one or more of this feature. In the description of the present disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more than two, unless specified otherwise.
[0239] In the description of embodiments of the present disclosure, unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted" , "connected" , "coupled" and the like are used broadly, and may be, for example, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; may also be mechanical or electrical connections; may also be direct connections or indirect connections via intervening structures; may also be inner communications of two elements, which can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
[0240] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless specified or limited otherwise, a structure in which a first feature is "on" or "below" a second feature may include an embodiment in which the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, and may also include an embodiment in which the first feature and the second feature are not in direct contact with each other, but are contacted via an additional feature formed therebetween. Furthermore, a first feature "on" , "above" or "on top of" a second feature may include an embodiment in which the first feature is right or obliquely "on" , "above" or "on top of" the second feature, or just means that the first feature is at a height higher than that of the second feature; while a first feature "below" , "under" or "on bottom of" a second feature may include an embodiment in which the first feature is right or obliquely "below" , "under" or "on bottom of" the second feature, or just means that the first feature is at a height lower than that of the second feature.
[0241] Various embodiments and examples are provided in the above description to implement different structures of the present disclosure. In order to simplify the present disclosure, certain elements and settings are described in the above. However, these elements and settings are only by way of example and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. In addition, reference numbers and / or reference letters may be repeated in different examples in the present disclosure. This repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not refer to relations between different embodiments and / or settings. Furthermore, examples of different processes and materials are provided in the present disclosure. However, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other processes and / or m aterials may be also applied.
[0242] Reference throughout this specification to "an embodiment" , "some embodiments" , "an exemplary embodiment" , "an example" , "aspecific example" or "some examples" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the above phrases throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0243] Any process or method described in a flow chart or described herein in other ways may be understood to include one or more modules, segments or portions of codes of executable instructions for achieving specific logical functions or steps in the process, and the scope of a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure includes other implementations, in which it should be understood by those skilled in the art that functions may be implemented in a sequence other than the sequences shown or discussed, including in a substantially identical sequence or in an opposite sequence.
[0244] The logic and / or step described in other manners herein or shown in the flow chart, for example, a particular sequence table of executable instructions for realizing the logical function, may be specifically achieved in any computer readable medium to be used by the instruction execution system, device or equipment (such as the system based on computers, the system comprising processors or other systems capable of obtaining the instruction from the instruction execution system, device and equipment and executing the instruction) , or to be used in combination with the instruction execution system, devi ce and equipment. As to the specification, "the computer readable medium" may be any device adaptive for including, storing, communicating, propagating or transferring programs to be used by or in combination with the instruction execution system, device or equipment. More specific examples of the computer readable medium comprise but are not limited to: an electronic connection (an electronic device) with one or more wires, a portable computer enclosure (a magnetic device) , a random access memory (RAM) , a read only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or a flash memory) , an optical fiber device and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM) . In addition, the computer readable medium may even be a paper or other appropriate medium capable of printing programs thereon, this is because, for example, the paper or other appropriate medium may be optically scanned and then edited, decrypted or processed with other appropriate methods when necessary to obtain the programs in an electric manner, and then the programs may be stored in the computer memories.
[0245] It should be understood that each part of the present disclosure may be realized by the hardware, software, firmware or their combination. In the above embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods may be realized by the software or firmware stored in the memory and executed by the appropriate instruction execution system. For example, if it is realized by the hardware, likewise in another embodiment, the steps or methods may be realized by one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for realizing a logic function of a data signal, an application-specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combination logic gate circuit, a programmable gate array (PGA) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , etc.
[0246] Those skilled in the art shall understand that all or parts of the steps in the above exemplifying method of the present disclosure may be achieved by commanding the related hardware with programs. The programs may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the programs comprise one or a combination of the steps in the method embodiments of the present disclosure when run on a computer.
[0247] In addition, each function cell of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated in a processing module, or these cells may be separate physical existence, or two or more cells are integrated in a processing module. The integrated module may be realized in a form of hardware or in a form of software function modules. When the integrated module is realized in a form of software function module and is sold or used as a standalone product, the integrated module may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
[0248] The storage medium mentioned above may be read-only memories, magnetic disks, CD, etc.
[0249] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are explanatory and cannot be construed to limit the present disclosure, and changes, modifications, alternatives and variations can be made in the embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.An image projection device comprising:a light source that emits a laser beam;a scanner that scans the laser beam emitted from the light source; anda projection optical system that irradiates the laser beam scanned by the scanner and projects an image to a user's retina, whereinthe light source comprises:at least one first laser element that emits the laser beam of a wavelength from 610 nm to 680 nm and has an oscillation threshold current of 15 mA or less;at least one second laser element that emits the laser beam of the wavelength from 500 nm to 530 nm and has the oscillation threshold current of 25 mA or less;at least one third laser element that emits the laser beam of the wavelength from 430 nm to 470 nm and has the oscillation threshold current of 10 mA or less; anda drive circuit that performs pulse driving of the first laser element, the second laser element, and the third laser element with a pulse width shorter than a pulse width determined by a required modulation speed of one pixel.2.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein the drive circuit performs the pulse driving of the first laser element, the second laser element, and the third laser element with a pulse width of 2.2 nsec or less.3.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, and third laser element is an edge-emitting laser diode having a low oscillation threshold current.4.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, and third laser element is a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) having a low oscillation threshold current.5.The image projection device according to claim 4, whereinthe oscillation threshold current of the first laser element is 1 mA or less,the oscillation threshold current of the second laser element is 3 mA or less, andthe oscillation threshold current of the third laser element is 1 mA or less.6.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a waveguide type optical multiplexer that multiplexes the laser beams emitted from each of the first, second, and third laser elements by making them incident on a waveguide.7.The image projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, whereinthe first laser element comprises a first active layer;the second laser element comprises a second active layer;the third laser element comprises a third active layer;the first active layer comprises Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (InGaAlP) , andthe second and third active layers comprise Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) .8.The image projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the light source comprises a plurality of each of the first, second, and third laser elements.9.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein the scanner scans the laser beam emitted from the light source with a Lissajous scanning method.10.The image projection device according to claim 8, wherein the scanner scans the laser beam to project the image on the user's retina with a resolution of FHD or higher by reducing a resonance frequency by using a plurality of the first, second, and third laser elements.11.The image projection device according to claim 1, further comprising:a visual line direction detector that detects a user's visual line direction for which the image is projected; andan optical system controller that controls the projection optical system based on the visual line direction detected by the visual line direction detector.12.The image projection device according to claim 11, wherein the projection optical system comprises a tilt mirror module that reflects the laser beam emitted from the light source to the user's retina, andthe optical system controller projects the laser beam to the user's retina by controlling the tilt mirror module based on the visual line direction detected by the visual line direction detector.13.The image projection device according to claim 12, wherein the visual line direction detector is an eye-tracking camera.14.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein the scanner comprises a MEMS (Micro Electric Mechanical System) mirror.15.The image projection device according to claim 14, wherein the scanner further comprises an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) that drives the MEMS mirror.16.The image projection device according to claim 14, wherein the MEMS mirror is vacuum sealed.17.The image projection device according to claim 14, wherein the MEMS mirror comprises:a first rotation axis that rotates the MEMS mirror; anda second rotation axis that is perpendicular to the first rotation axis and rotates the MEMS mirror.18.The image projection device according to claim 17, wherein the MEMS mirror rotates about each of the first and second rotational axes using resonance.19.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein the drive circuit applies multiple drive pulses to each of the laser elements per one pixel projection.20.The image projection device according to claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a multiplexing optical system that multiplexes the laser beams emitted from each of the first, second, and third laser elements.
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