Information transmission method and device, and storage medium

Abstract

Provided are an information transmission method and device, and a storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring a first bit sequence; on the basis of predefined information, encoding the first bit sequence to obtain a second bit sequence; and sending the second bit sequence.

Description

Information transmission method and device, and storage medium

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311190681.8, filed on September 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to an information transmission method, device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0003] From the fifth to the sixth generation of mobile communications technology, technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence have rapidly developed and matured. Simultaneously, technologies such as industrial sensor networks, intelligent transportation, intelligent warehousing and logistics, smart cities, smart agriculture, and smart wearables have also rapidly advanced. The density and scale of network sensor deployments have increased significantly, leading to a surge in the number of IoT devices and connections. This rapid development of the IoT has placed stringent demands on data transmission speed, throughput, reliability, and latency.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one aspect, a method for transmitting information is provided. The method for transmitting information includes:

[0006] Obtaining a first bit sequence;

[0007] Encoding the first bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain a second bit sequence;

[0008] Send a second bit sequence.

[0009] In another aspect, an information transmission method is provided. The information transmission method includes:

[0010] receiving a second bit sequence;

[0011] Based on the predefined information, the second bit sequence is decoded to obtain the first bit sequence.

[0012] In another aspect, an information transmission device is provided. The information transmission device includes:

[0013] A determination module, configured to obtain a first bit sequence;

[0014] an encoding module, configured to encode the first bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain a second bit sequence;

[0015] The communication module is configured to send a second bit sequence.

[0016] In another aspect, an information transmission device is provided. The information transmission device includes:

[0017] A communication module, configured to receive a second bit sequence;

[0018] The decoding module is configured to decode the second bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain the first bit sequence.

[0019] In another aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is used to store a computer program; and the processor implements the information transmission method described in any of the above aspects when executing the computer program.

[0020] In another aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein computer program instructions are stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the information transmission method described in any one of the above aspects is implemented.

[0021] On the other hand, a computer program product is provided, which includes computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the information transmission method described in any one of the above aspects is implemented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings.

[0023] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG2 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG3 is a flowchart of another information transmission method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a concatenated code according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG5 is a flowchart of another information transmission method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of an information transmission device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of another information transmission device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To help those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0032] It should be noted that in this disclosure, words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described in this disclosure as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0033] In the following, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the technical features being referred to. Therefore, a feature defined with the terms "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0034] In the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or." For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" herein is merely a description of an association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A, only B, and both A and B. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more.

[0035] In the 5th-Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) era, technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and latency-sensitive networks are developing rapidly, leading to an explosive growth in the number of user devices in wireless communication networks. Electromagnetic wire communication networks will carry diverse applications and massive amounts of data. Therefore, as the primary development direction of this new generation of mobile communication technology, 5G not only provides users with an experienced data rate of up to 10Gbps, but also supports the connection of massive numbers of IoT devices, achieving, for example, millions of Internet of Things (IoT) connections per square kilometer.

[0036] Entering the 6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (6G) era, technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence are maturing. Simultaneously, technologies such as industrial sensor networks, intelligent transportation, smart warehousing and logistics, smart cities, smart agriculture, and smart wearables are also developing rapidly. The density and scale of network sensor deployments are increasing significantly, leading to a surge in the number of IoT devices and connections. Therefore, the 6G era, with its vision of "digital twins and ubiquitous intelligence," will achieve a density of over 100 million IoT connections per square kilometer, enabling intelligent interaction between everything.

[0037] It can be seen that the Internet of Things has become an important direction for global network development. However, in the high-density Internet of Everything scenario, very high requirements are placed on data transmission rate, throughput, reliability, latency, etc.

[0038] Currently, in wireless communication systems, the transmitter performs channel coding on the data to be transmitted to obtain a coded bit sequence. This coded bit sequence is then mapped into constellation modulation symbols and transmitted to the receiver. In the data transmission channel, factors such as multipath, noise, and interference may cause data transmission errors. To address this issue, some technologies use channel coding at the transmitter to add redundant information to the data to be transmitted. The receiver can then use this redundant information to recover the original data to eliminate distortion introduced during transmission. The receiver then needs to perform channel decoding on the received constellation modulation symbols to recover the transmitted data.

[0039] Currently, commonly used channel coding methods include low-density parity check code (LDPC), polar coding, and convolutional coding. LDPC coding is an algorithm that uses iterative decoding based on a sparse (or low-density) parity check matrix, which can improve decoding performance. For example, LDPC coding can be decoded using belief propagation. However, the encoding end using LDPC coding needs to store the parity check matrix and perform numerous XOR operations, making the encoding process relatively complex.

[0040] Polar coding is a linear block code based on channel polarization theory. Theoretically, it has been shown that it can reach the Shannon limit when the code length is infinite. Polar coding uses a successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding algorithm. However, the encoder still needs to perform a large number of XOR operations and rate matching, which increases its complexity.

[0041] Convolutional coding requires dividing the input information bits into information groups consisting of one or more bits. The encoded output bits of each information group are related not only to the information bits of the current group, but also to the information bits of other groups at previous times. The encoding process is also relatively complex.

[0042] It can be seen that the channel coding methods provided in some technologies are highly complex and have limited applicable scenarios, and are not well suited for IoT scenarios with high connection density.

[0043] To address the above technical issues, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an information transmission method. The method encodes a first bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain a second bit sequence, which is then transmitted. This allows flexible configuration of encoding methods based on the predefined information, allowing various encoding methods to be adapted to their optimal performance ranges. This enhances the coverage of communication devices, supports a greater number of terminals, meets various communication needs, and improves the robustness of data communications.

[0044] The information transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] The information transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems. For example, the communication system can be a long term evolution (LTE) system, a fifth generation (5G) communication system, a Wi-Fi system, a third generation partnership project (3GPP)-related communication system, a future evolution communication system (such as a sixth generation communication system), or a system integrating multiple systems, etc., without limitation.

[0046] The network architecture of the mobile communication system (including but not limited to 3G, 4G, 5G and future mobile communication systems) in the embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least a first communication node and a second communication node. It should be understood that in this example, in the downlink, the first communication node may be a network side device (for example, including but not limited to a base station), and the second communication node may be a terminal side device (for example, including but not limited to a terminal). Of course, in the uplink, the first communication node may also be a terminal side device, and the second communication node may also be a network side device. When the two communication nodes are in device-to-device communication, the first communication node and the second communication node may both be a base station or a terminal. The first communication node and the second communication node may be referred to as the first node and the second node, respectively.

[0047] For example, taking the first communication node as a base station and the second communication node as a terminal as an example, FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG1 , the communication system includes: a base station 110 and a terminal 120.

[0048] Base station 110 is used to provide wireless access services to terminal 120. Specifically, a base station provides a service coverage area (also called a cell). Terminals entering this area can communicate with the base station via wireless signals to receive the wireless access services provided by the base station.

[0049] In some embodiments, the base station 110 can be a base station or an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in long term evolution (LTE), long term evolution advanced (LTEA), a base station device in a 5G network, or a base station in a future communication system, etc. The base station can include various macro base stations, micro base stations, home base stations, wireless remote devices, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), routers, wireless fidelity (WIFI) devices and other network side devices.

[0050] The terminal 120 is a device with wireless transceiver functions.

[0051] In some embodiments, the terminal 120 is used to collect data information, and perform forward error correction coding on the collected data information before sending it to the base station 110.

[0052] In some embodiments, the terminal 120 can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable, or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water (such as a ship, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (for example, on an airplane, a balloon, and a satellite, etc.). The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical care, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, etc. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the application scenarios. The terminal 120 may sometimes also be referred to as a user, user equipment (UE), access terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, UE terminal, wireless communication device, UE agent or UE device, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0053] It should be noted that Figure 1 is only an exemplary framework diagram. The number of devices included in Figure 1 and the names of each device are not restricted. In addition to the devices shown in Figure 1, the communication system may also include other devices, such as core network devices.

[0054] In some embodiments, the communication system may further include an IoT system; or, the communication system may be a part of an IoT system.

[0055] It is understandable that the application scenarios of the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited. The system architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0056] The information transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail below. For example, the information transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to the communication system shown in FIG1 .

[0057] As shown in FIG2 , the present disclosure provides a flow chart of an information transmission method, which may include the following S201 - S204 .

[0058] S201. A first communication node obtains a first bit sequence.

[0059] Exemplarily, the first bit sequence may be an information bit sequence.

[0060] Exemplarily, the first bit sequence may be a pure data sequence without cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits, or may be a pure data sequence including CRC bits.

[0061] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3 , the above S201 may be implemented as the following S2011 - S2012 .

[0062] S2011: The second communication node sends a first message to the first communication node. Correspondingly, the first communication node receives the first message sent by the second communication node.

[0063] The first message includes at least one of the following: query (Query) signaling, query (QueryAdjust) signaling for adjusting the traffic volume of a telephone call, status query (QueryRep) signaling, acknowledgement character (ACK) signaling, read (Read) signaling, and random number request signaling (Req_RN signaling).

[0064] S2012. The first communication node determines a first bit sequence based on the first message.

[0065] For example, assuming that the first message is a query signaling, after receiving the query signaling, the first communication node may randomly generate a first bit sequence of length W1 according to the query signaling. The value of W1 may be 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, or 64.

[0066] Exemplarily, assuming the first message is ACK signaling, the first bit sequence acquired by the first communication node may include at least one of the following: a protocol control (PC) field, an electronic product code (EPC) field, a CRC field, etc. The EPC field can provide a unique identifier for a physical object. The information stored in the EPC code includes embedded information (exemplarily, the embedded information may include product weight, dimensions, expiration date, destination, etc.) and reference information. The PC field includes physical layer information. The CRC field includes cyclic redundancy check bits.

[0067] The bit data of the PC field, the number of bits of the EPC field, and the number of bits of the CRC field are all greater than 0. For example, the number of bits of the PC field may be 16 or 24, the number of bits of the EPC field may be 16 or 32, and the number of bits of the CRC field may be 16 or 24.

[0068] S202. The first communication node encodes the first bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain a second bit sequence.

[0069] Exemplarily, the second bit sequence may be a coded data sequence.

[0070] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned predefined information includes at least one of the following: transmission process, terminal capability, coding mode configuration signaling, terminal type, channel type, number of bits in the first bit sequence, number of bits in the second bit sequence, transmission mode, and modulation mode.

[0071] In some embodiments, different predefined information corresponds to different encoding methods.

[0072] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned encoding methods may include at least one of the following encodings: Bi-Phase Space Coding (also known as FM0 encoding), Miller coding, Reed Muller (RM) coding, tail-biting convolutional codes (TBCC) coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, enhanced LDPC coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, sequence coding, and pulse interval encoding (PIE).

[0073] For ease of understanding, the encoding methods provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are introduced below.

[0074] 1. FM0 encoding

[0075] FM0 encoding uses level changes within a bit window to represent the corresponding bit's logical information, with a flip occurring at the start of the bit window. For example, if a flip occurs at the start of the bit window and remains unchanged for the duration of the bit window, the corresponding bit's logical information is "1." If a flip occurs at the start of the bit window and then flips at the middle of the bit window, the corresponding bit's logical information is "0." The bit window duration for FM0 encoding can be 1μs, 8μs, 16μs, 25μs, or 32μs.

[0076] Exemplarily, assuming that the first bit sequence is X = [1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0], FM0 encoding is used for the first bit sequence, and the obtained second bit sequence is Y = [+1+1 -1+1 -1+1 -1+1 -1-1 +1+1 -1-1 +1-1], where '+1' can be considered to correspond to a high-level bit, and '-1' can be considered to correspond to a low-level bit.

[0077] 2. Miller encoding

[0078] Miller coding uses level changes within a bit window to represent the logical information of the corresponding bit. Miller coding follows the following rules: a flip in the middle of the bit window represents the logical information "1," while no flip in the middle of the bit window represents the logical information "0." Furthermore, the starting position of a bit window with the logical information "1" does not flip; in two consecutive bit windows with the logical information "0," the starting position of the second bit window flips, while the starting positions of the other bit windows do not flip.

[0079] Exemplarily, assuming that the first bit sequence is X = [1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0], the second bit sequence obtained by applying Miller coding to the first bit sequence is Y = [+1-1 -1-1 +1+1 -1-1 -1+1 +1-1 -1+1 +1+1].

[0080] In addition, the Miller coding may be an M-order subcarrier Miller coding, wherein each bit window duration of the M-order subcarrier Miller coding includes M subcarrier periods. Exemplarily, M may be equal to at least one of the following: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 96, or 128.

[0081] The parameter M in M-order subcarrier Miller coding can also be used to identify the subcarrier frequency or data rate of the Miller code, reducing the data rate to 1 / M of the original value. For example, if M is 2, the data rate is reduced to 1 / M = 1 / 2 of the original value. M-order subcarrier Miller coding, when M is greater than 1, is essentially the product of multiplying the coded data sequence output by the subcarrier of the first-order Miller code.

[0082] Exemplarily, the first bit sequence is X = [1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0], then 2nd-order subcarrier Miller coding is used for the first bit sequence, and the obtained second bit sequence is Y = [+1-1-1+1 -1+1-1+1 +1-1+1-1 -1+1-1+1 -1+1+1-1 +1-1-1+1 -1+1+1-1 +1-1+1-1 +1-1+1-1].

[0083] 3. RM encoding

[0084] RM coding is a linear block code. For an RM(r,m) code, where r is less than m, the corresponding code length can be 2 m , the length of the corresponding first bit sequence can be in, represents the number of all combinations of i (i≤m) elements taken from m different elements. RM coding can be defined by a generator matrix G. The RM coding process can be expressed as the following formula (1):

[0085] Among them, X k represents the kth bit in the first bit sequence X, G i,k represents the k-th column in the generator matrix G.

[0086] For example, assuming that the parameters of RM coding are r equal to 3 and m equal to 8, the length of the first bit sequence K is equal to 93. If shortening or puncturing is used, the length of the first bit sequence can be less than 93. Taking RM (1, 4) coding as an example, the code length is equal to 16 bits, the length of the first bit sequence is equal to 5 bits, and the corresponding generator matrix is ​​shown in Table 1 below, where G i,0 (i=01,...,15) represents the 0th column in the generator matrix G, G i,1 (i=01,...,15) represents the first column in the generator matrix G, and so on.

[0087] Table 1

[0088] For example, the code length of RM encoding is equal to 32 bits, the information length can be equal to any integer from 3 to 11, and the corresponding generator matrix G is shown in Table 2 below.

[0089] Table 2

[0090] 4. Convolutional Coding

[0091] Convolutional coding is performed using multiple component code generator polynomials. This can be implemented using multiple shift registers and multiple XOR gates, where every two adjacent shift registers are connected in series. The output bit sequence of any component code in the convolutional coding is derived by XORing the input bits with some of the shift register bits.

[0092] For example, if the constraint length of the convolutional coding is 7, the number of shift registers is equal to 6, the highest power of the component code generating polynomial is 6, and the number of component code generating polynomials is 4. For example, the polynomial generated by the 4 component codes can be: g0(D)=1+D 2 +D 3 +D 5 +D 6 ; g1(D)=1+D 1 +D 2 +D 3 +D 6 ; g2(D)=1+D 1 +D 2 +D 4 +D 6 ; g3(D)=1+D 2 +D 5 +D 6 .

[0093] The octal numbers corresponding to the above four component code generating polynomials are 133, 171, 165 and 123 respectively.

[0094] Furthermore, TBCC coding can be used to convolutionally encode the first bit sequence according to the generating polynomials of the above four component codes to obtain a second bit sequence; or, a coded data sequence of any length can be obtained through a bit selection operation.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first bit sequence may be convolutionally encoded using a convolutional encoding scheme in a wireless mobile communication LTE system to obtain a second bit sequence. It will be appreciated that using the convolutional encoding scheme of an existing communication system can make the device compatible with existing mobile communication cellular networks, thereby enabling communication with existing base stations. Exemplarily, the convolutional encoding scheme may be TBCC encoding.

[0096] 5. Polar Coding

[0097] Polar coding is performed based on a generator matrix with N rows and N columns, where N is a positive integer power of 2. For example, N can be equal to at least one of the following: 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, or 8192.

[0098] For example, the generator matrix of Polar code is G N ,and n = log2(N), which is the nth Kronecker power of the identity matrix G2, where G2 can be expressed as:

[0099] Furthermore, at least one of the following is determined according to the code rate and / or code length: a puncturing rule, a shortening coding rule, an information index position, and a frozen index position. The first bit sequence is operated according to the information index position and the frozen index position to obtain a sequence u=[u0, u1, u2, ..., u N-1 ], then according to the formula uG N A second bit sequence is obtained by calculation.

[0100] For example, the first bit sequence can be polar-encoded using the Polar coding method in a 5G wireless mobile communication system (or a future 6G wireless mobile communication system) to obtain a second bit sequence. It is understood that the use of the Polar coding method in an existing communication system can make the device compatible with existing mobile communication cellular networks, thereby enabling communication with mobile communication base stations. Because Polar coding has good error performance, the use of Polar coding can enhance the coverage range of the device or reduce the transmission power.

[0101] 6. LDPC Coding

[0102] LDPC coding is based on a parity check matrix. For example, assuming the LDPC codeword is C and the parity check matrix is ​​H, then H*C=0, where 0 is an all-zero vector. For example, the parity check matrix can be determined by a base matrix and a lifting value, where the lifting value is a positive integer. The base matrix is ​​a matrix with mb rows and nb columns, where mb and nb are both positive integers.

[0103] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned basic matrix may include two elements: an element indicating an all-zero square matrix and an element indicating a cyclic shift of the unit matrix. Assuming that the lifting value is Z, the element indicating the all-zero square matrix in the basic matrix can be replaced with a Z*Z all-zero matrix, and the element indicating the cyclic shift of the unit matrix in the basic matrix can be replaced with a Z*Z unit matrix cyclic shift matrix (the shift value is equal to its element value, which can be a right cyclic shift or a left cyclic shift) to obtain the parity check matrix of the LDPC code. Generally, the element indicating the all-zero square matrix in the basic matrix can be represented by '-1', 'null' or an empty value, and the element indicating the cyclic shift of the unit matrix can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than Z.

[0104] For example, the above-mentioned improvement value can be an integer value in the following Table 3. The basic matrix includes the basic matrix of BG1 and the basic matrix of BG2, wherein the size of the basic matrix of BG1 is 46 rows and 68 columns, and the size of the basic matrix of BG2 is 42 rows and 52 columns. The basic matrix of BG1 includes 8 basic matrices, corresponding to the subset index (i LS) is 0 to 7; and the basic matrix of BG2 also includes 8 basic matrices, corresponding to the subset index (i LS ) is 0 to 7.

[0105] Table 3

[0106] In some embodiments, the LDPC encoding method in the wireless mobile communication 5G system (or the future wireless mobile communication 6G system) can be used to perform LDPC encoding on the first bit sequence to obtain the second bit sequence. It is understandable that the use of the LDPC encoding method of the existing communication system can make the device compatible with the existing (or future) mobile communication cellular network, so that it can communicate with the mobile communication base station. Due to the good error performance of LDPC encoding, the use of LDPC encoding can enhance the coverage range of the device or reduce the transmission power.

[0107] 7. Enhanced Polar Coding

[0108] Enhanced Polar coding is different from Polar coding in 5G. For example, the difference between enhanced Polar coding and Polar coding in 5G includes at least one of the following: information interleaving sequence, Polar coding sequence, Polar coding mode, sub-block interleaving sequence, bit selection method, and codeword bit interleaving method.

[0109] Exemplarily, the enhanced Polar coding may be Polar coding based on Polarization-Adjusted Convolutional (PAC).

[0110] 8. Enhanced LDPC Coding

[0111] Enhanced LDPC coding is different from LDPC coding in 5G. Exemplarily, the difference between enhanced LDPC coding and LDPC coding in 5G includes at least one of the following: a lifting value set, a PCM matrix, a base matrix, a bit selection method, a starting position determination method, and a bit interleaving method.

[0112] Exemplarily, the enhanced LDPC code may be a spatially coupled LDPC code.

[0113] 9. Manchester encoding

[0114] Manchester coding, also known as self-synchronizing code or phase coding, can use signal changes to maintain synchronization between the transmitting and receiving devices. Manchester coding distinguishes between transmitted bits 0 and 1 based on changes in the transmission level. For example, a transition from high to low represents bit 1, while a transition from low to high represents bit 0; alternatively, a transition from high to low represents bit 0, while a transition from low to high represents bit 1. For example, if the first bit sequence is "1011", the second bit sequence obtained using Manchester coding is "10011010" or "01100101".

[0115] 10. Repeated encoding

[0116] Repetition coding involves repeatedly sending a bit sequence. For example, repetition coding can repeat individual bits in a bit sequence; alternatively, repetition coding can repeat the bit sequence. For example, assuming the first bit sequence is "10111001" and the number of repetitions in repetition coding is 4, the second bit sequence obtained by repetition coding is "1111 0000 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 1111" or "10111001 10111001 10111001 10111001."

[0117] 11. PIE encoding

[0118] PIE encoding represents data by defining different durations between falling edges of pulses. Bit 1 is encoded as a short power-off pulse after a long full-power interval, while bit 0 is encoded as a power-off pulse after a short full-power interval; the duration of bit 1 is longer than that of bit 0. Generally, the full-power interval of pulse-interval encoding can be used to charge or recharge the terminal. Therefore, using low-level and high-level pulses of equal duration to represent bit 0 ensures that the first communication node (such as an electronic tag) receives at least 50% of the maximum power (even if the data being transmitted contains long strings of zeros). If the full-power (high) time of bit 1 is three times longer than that of bit 0, then a randomly mixed binary data stream with equal amounts will provide approximately 67% of the peak power. For example, if the first bit sequence is "1011", the second bit sequence obtained using PIE encoding is "1110 10 1110 1110".

[0119] It should be noted that the above description of the encoding method is only an example and does not limit the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is understood that encoding methods such as FMO encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, and PIE encoding include but are not limited to the above.

[0120] In some embodiments, the above encoding method may include a concatenated code of at least two of the following encodings: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, and sequence encoding.

[0121] The concatenated code includes an outer code and an inner code. The encoding method of the first encoding is called the outer code, and the encoding method of the second encoding is called the inner code. For example, the outer code of the concatenated code can include at least one of the following: RM coding, TBCC coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, and enhanced LDPC coding; the inner code of the concatenated code can include at least one of the following: Manchester coding, FM0 coding, and Miller coding.

[0122] Exemplarily, the encoding method may include at least one of the following concatenated codes: a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding.

[0123] It is understandable that concatenated codes can reduce the code rate of the overall coding method, thereby being able to resist greater noise interference, and the performance of concatenated codes is better, which can enhance the coverage and communication robustness of the communication system. In addition, since Manchester coding can easily obtain its log-likelihood ratio (LLR) information when decoding, it is convenient to perform soft decoding of the outer code, improving decoding performance. Moreover, when the overall coding code rate remains unchanged, the code rate of the outer code is relatively large, which can reduce the decoding complexity, thereby reducing the complexity of encoding or decoding. Manchester coding does not use a reference signal for channel estimation, which can facilitate the calculation of log-likelihood ratio information, which is very beneficial for some extremely low-power terminal devices.

[0124] For ease of understanding, several implementations of determining different encoding methods based on different predefined information are introduced below.

[0125] Implementation method 1: When the predefined information includes the transmission process of the first bit sequence, the encoding method of the first bit sequence is determined according to the transmission process of the first bit sequence.

[0126] Exemplarily, the above transmission process may include: an access process and / or a data transmission process.

[0127] The access process corresponds to the data interaction process when the terminal starts to access the communication system, and the data transmission process refers to the various data transmission processes performed after the access process.

[0128] Exemplarily, when the transmission process corresponding to the first bit sequence is an access process, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 1; or, when the transmission process corresponding to the first bit sequence is a data transmission process, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 2.

[0129] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned encoding method 1 and encoding method 2 can be at least one of the following encoding methods or a concatenated code of at least two of the following encoding methods: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

[0130] In some embodiments, encoding mode 1 is different from encoding mode 2. Encoding mode 1 can be one of the following: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, and sequence encoding; encoding mode 2 can be one of the following: RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, and enhanced LDPC encoding.

[0131] In some embodiments, encoding method 1 is FM0 encoding or Miller encoding, and encoding method 2 is Polar encoding; or, encoding method 1 is FM0 encoding or Miller encoding, and encoding method 2 is TBCC encoding; or, encoding method 1 is TBCC encoding, and encoding method 2 is Polar encoding; or, encoding method 1 is RM encoding, and encoding method 2 is Polar encoding; or, encoding method 1 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 2 is LDPC encoding; or, encoding method 1 is Manchester encoding, and encoding method 2 is Polar encoding; or, encoding method 1 is FM0 encoding. Or Miller coding, coding method 2 is Polar coding; or, coding method 1 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding method 2 is TBCC coding; or, coding method 1 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding method 2 is LDPC coding; or, coding method 1 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding method 1 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding.

[0132] In some embodiments, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding.

[0133] It is understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure can determine different coding methods based on the transmission process. By flexibly configuring the coding method, the flexibility of the device can be increased. For example, during the access process, since the communication system has just been accessed and the estimated information of the transmission channel has not yet been obtained, a simpler channel coding method can be used to save power loss for the terminal. During data transmission, a slightly more complex channel coding method can be used to achieve higher transmission efficiency and thus increase the robustness of data communication.

[0134] For example, assuming that the length of the first bit sequence obtained by the first communication node is 16 bits, the transmission process of the first bit sequence is determined. If the transmission process of the first bit sequence is an access process (i.e., the first communication node has not yet fully accessed the communication system), the first bit sequence is encoded using FM0 coding or Miller coding to obtain a second bit sequence with a length of 32 bits. If the transmission process of the first bit sequence is a data transmission process (i.e., the first communication node has already accessed the communication system), the first bit sequence is encoded using a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding to obtain a second bit sequence with a length of 64 bits. The second bit sequence is then sent.

[0135] As shown in Figure 4, when the first bit sequence is encoded using a concatenated code with Polar coding as the outer code and Manchester coding as the inner code, the first bit sequence needs to first be Polar coded to obtain first-level coded data, and then the first-level coded data is Manchester coded to obtain a second bit sequence. The length of the first-level coded data obtained by Polar coding can be 32 bits, that is, the code rate of Polar coding is 1 / 2; the length of the second bit sequence obtained by Manchester coding can be 64 bits. Optionally, in addition to Polar coding, the outer code can also be RM coding, TBCC coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, or enhanced LDPC coding.

[0136] Implementation method 2: When the predefined information includes terminal capabilities, the encoding method of the first bit sequence is determined according to the terminal capabilities.

[0137] The terminal capability may include at least one of the following: active signal transmission capability, capacitor storage capability, non-capacitor storage capability, supported coding capability, supported modulation capability, and supported transmission capability.

[0138] Exemplarily, when the terminal has no capacitive storage capability, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 1; and / or, when the terminal has capacitive storage capability, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 2; and / or, when the terminal has the capability of actively transmitting signals, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 3.

[0139] At least two of the encoding modes 1, 2, and 3 are different.

[0140] Exemplarily, when the terminal does not have coding capability (i.e., the supported coding capability is no), the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 1; when the terminal has coding capability (i.e., the supported coding capability is yes), the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 2 or coding mode 3. Coding capability refers to whether the terminal has the function of channel coding or decoding. If yes, it is considered that the coding capability supported by the terminal is yes; if not, it is considered that the coding capability supported by the terminal is no. Exemplarily, the coding mode corresponding to encoding or decoding includes one of the following: RM coding, TBCC coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, enhanced LDPC coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, sequence coding, Turbo coding, PIE coding.

[0141] Exemplarily, when the terminal does not have modulation capability (i.e., the supported modulation capability is no), the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 1; when the terminal has modulation capability (i.e., the supported modulation capability is yes), the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 2 or encoding mode 3. Modulation capability refers to whether the terminal has the function of modulation or demodulation. If so, the modulation capability supported by the terminal is considered to be yes; if not, the modulation capability supported by the terminal is considered to be no. Exemplarily, the modulation mode corresponding to modulation or demodulation includes at least one of the following: BPSK modulation, QPSK modulation, m-QAM modulation (m is an integer greater than 4), PAM modulation, ASK modulation, FSK modulation, OOK modulation, and OFDM modulation. If the modulation capability supported by the terminal is no, the modulation mode corresponding to the modulation or demodulation of the terminal only supports at least one of the following: PAM modulation, OOK modulation, and ASK modulation. If the modulation capability supported by the terminal is yes, the modulation mode corresponding to the modulation or demodulation of the terminal only supports at least one of the following: BPSK modulation, QPSK modulation, m-QAM modulation (m is an integer greater than 4), FSK modulation, and OFDM modulation.

[0142] For example, when the terminal supports passive transmission, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 1; when the terminal supports active transmission, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 2 or encoding mode 3. Passive transmission may be a transmission mode in which a signal is transmitted via backscatter; active transmission may be a mode in which a terminal generates a signal, amplifies the signal, and then transmits a radio frequency signal.

[0143] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned encoding method 1, encoding method 2 and encoding method 3 can be at least one of the following encoding methods or a cascade code of at least two of the following encoding methods: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

[0144] In some embodiments, coding mode 1 may be one of the following: FM0 coding, Miller coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, and sequence coding; coding mode 2 may be one of the following: RM coding, TBCC coding, and Polar coding; coding mode 3 may be one of the following: LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, and enhanced LDPC coding.

[0145] In some embodiments, encoding mode 1 may be FM0 encoding or Miller encoding, and encoding mode 2 may be Polar encoding; or, encoding mode 1 may be FM0 encoding or Miller encoding, and encoding mode 2 may be TBCC encoding; or, encoding mode 1 may be TBCC encoding, and encoding mode 2 may be Polar encoding; or, encoding mode 1 may be RM encoding, and encoding mode 2 may be Polar encoding; or, encoding mode 1 may be Polar encoding, and encoding mode 2 may be LDPC encoding; or, encoding mode 1 may be Manchester encoding, and encoding mode 2 may be Polar encoding; or, encoding mode 1 may be Manchester encoding, and encoding mode 2 may be RM encoding; Alternatively, encoding method 1 is Manchester encoding, encoding method 2 is TBCC encoding, and encoding method 3 is Polar encoding; alternatively, encoding method 1 is PIE encoding, and encoding method 2 is Polar encoding; alternatively, encoding method 1 is PIE encoding, and encoding method 2 is TBCC encoding; alternatively, encoding method 1 is PIE encoding, and encoding method 2 is LDPC encoding; alternatively, encoding method 1 is PIE encoding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding; alternatively, encoding method 1 is PIE encoding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding; alternatively, encoding method 1 is PIE encoding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding.

[0146] In some embodiments, at least one of encoding mode 1, encoding mode 2 and encoding mode 3 can be at least one of the following encoding modes: a concatenated code with an outer code of RM encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding, a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding, a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding, and a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding.

[0147] In some embodiments, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 2 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding.

[0148] In some embodiments, encoding method 1 is Manchester encoding, encoding method 2 is TBCC encoding, and encoding method 3 is Polar encoding.

[0149] In some embodiments, the predefined information may include at least one of the following: active transmission capability, a fifth capability, and a sixth capability. The fifth capability and / or the sixth capability are each one of the following: active signal transmission capability, capacitive storage capability, coding capability, and modulation capability. For example, the fifth capability is active signal transmission capability and the sixth capability is capacitive storage capability; alternatively, the fifth capability is active signal transmission capability and the sixth capability is coding capability; alternatively, the fifth capability is active coding capability and the sixth capability is modulation capability.

[0150] Encoding according to the first bit sequence and the predefined information may include: encoding the first bit sequence using encoding mode 5 when the terminal has active transmission capability; and encoding the first bit sequence using encoding mode 6 when the terminal does not have active transmission capability. If the terminal has the fifth capability, encoding the first bit sequence using encoding mode 5; and if the terminal does not have the fifth capability, encoding the first bit sequence using encoding mode 6. If the terminal has the sixth capability, encoding the first bit sequence using encoding mode 5; and if the terminal does not have the sixth capability, encoding the first bit sequence using encoding mode 6.

[0151] Coding mode 5 is different from coding mode 6. Coding mode 5 and coding mode 6 are respectively at least one of the following: FM0 coding, Miller coding, RM coding, TBCC coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, enhanced LDPC coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, sequence coding, and PIE coding.

[0152] Illustratively, encoding method 5 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 6 is Manchester encoding; or, encoding method 5 is TBCC encoding, and encoding method 6 is Manchester encoding; or, encoding method 5 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 6 is TBCC encoding.

[0153] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure can determine different encoding methods according to different terminal capabilities. For example, a terminal without capacitor storage capability can only perform some simple calculations to minimize power consumption; for a terminal with the ability to actively transmit signals, a slightly more complex encoding method can be adopted. Similarly, a terminal with other capabilities can also determine the encoding method according to the terminal capabilities, which can increase the coding flexibility of the device, adapt to different usage scenarios, meet various communication needs, and increase the robustness of data communication.

[0154] Implementation method three: in the case where the predefined information includes coding mode configuration signaling, the coding mode of the first bit sequence is determined according to the coding mode configuration signaling.

[0155] Coding mode configuration signaling is used to indicate the coding mode used by the terminal.

[0156] Exemplarily, the coding mode configuration signaling includes two states: a first state and a second state. When the coding mode configuration signaling is in the first state, coding mode 1 is used to encode the first bit sequence; when the coding mode configuration signaling is in the second state, coding mode 2 is used to encode the first bit sequence. Coding mode 1 and / or coding mode 2 include at least one of the following coding modes or a concatenated code of at least two of the following coding modes: FM0 coding, Miller coding, RM coding, TBCC coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, enhanced LDPC coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, sequence coding, and PIE coding.

[0157] Illustratively, the coding mode configuration signaling includes four states: a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state. When the coding mode configuration signaling is in the first state, coding mode 1 is used to encode the first bit sequence; when the coding mode configuration signaling is in the second state, coding mode 2 is used to encode the first bit sequence; when the coding mode configuration signaling is in the third state, coding mode 3 is used to encode the first bit sequence; and when the coding mode configuration signaling is in the fourth state, coding mode 4 is used to encode the first bit sequence.

[0158] Exemplarily, when the terminal has coding capability and the coding mode configuration signaling indicates that coding mode 3 is used for coding, coding mode 3 is used to encode the first bit sequence; otherwise, coding mode 4 is used to encode the first bit sequence. Coding mode 3 is different from coding mode 4, and coding mode 4 includes at least one of the following coding modes: FM0 coding, Miller coding, RM coding, TBCC coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, enhanced LDPC coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, and sequence coding. Exemplarily, coding mode 3 is Polar coding, and coding mode 4 is Manchester coding.

[0159] It can be understood that the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure determines different encoding methods based on the encoding method configuration signaling, which can conveniently and quickly control which encoding method the terminal adopts. The encoding method is determined by the encoding method configuration signaling in different usage scenarios, which can meet various communication needs and thereby increase the robustness of data communication.

[0160] Implementation method 4: When the predefined information includes the terminal type, the encoding method of the first bit sequence is determined according to the terminal type.

[0161] In some embodiments, the terminal type includes at least one of the following: a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, a 5G terminal, and a 6G terminal.

[0162] In some embodiments, the terminal type may further include: a first 6G terminal or a second 6G terminal.

[0163] The first terminal is a terminal without a capacitance storage capability, that is, the first terminal has no energy storage capability and cannot independently generate or amplify signals. For example, the first terminal may transmit data using backscattering.

[0164] The second terminal is a terminal with capacitance storage capability, that is, the second terminal has energy storage capability but cannot independently generate signals. For example, the second terminal can transmit data using backscattering and use the stored energy to amplify the signal.

[0165] The third terminal is a terminal capable of actively transmitting signals, that is, the third terminal has energy storage capability and can independently generate signals. For example, the third terminal may include a radio frequency (RF) component.

[0166] It is understandable that the first terminal may be Device A defined in the TR38.848 standard; the second terminal may be Device B defined in the TR38.848 standard; and the third terminal may be Device C defined in the TR38.848 standard.

[0167] Illustratively, when the terminal type is Device C, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 7; otherwise, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 8.

[0168] Illustratively, when the terminal type is Device A or Device B, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 8; otherwise, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 7.

[0169] Illustratively, when the terminal type is Device C, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 7.

[0170] Illustratively, when the terminal type is Device A or Device B, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 8.

[0171] Illustratively, when the terminal type is Device A, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 8; otherwise, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 7.

[0172] Exemplarily, when the terminal type is a 6G terminal, the above-mentioned first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 7.

[0173] Exemplarily, when the terminal type is a first 6G terminal, the above-mentioned first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 7; when the terminal type is a second 6G terminal, the above-mentioned first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 8.

[0174] In some embodiments, coding mode 7 and coding mode 8 are different, and coding mode 7 and coding mode 8 are respectively at least one of the following coding modes or a concatenated code of at least two of the following coding modes: FM0 coding, Miller coding, RM coding, TBCC coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, enhanced LDPC coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, sequence coding, and PIE coding.

[0175] In some embodiments, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 8 is FM0 encoding or Miller encoding; or, encoding method 7 is TBCC encoding, and encoding method 8 is FM0 encoding or Miller encoding; or, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 8 is TBCC encoding; or, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 8 is RM encoding; or, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 8 is LDPC encoding; or, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and encoding method 8 is Manchester encoding; or, encoding method 7 is TBCC encoding, and encoding method 8 is Manchester encoding; or, encoding method 7 is LDPC encoding, and encoding method 8 is Manchester encoding.

[0176] In some embodiments, coding mode 7 or coding mode 8 is one of the following: a concatenated code in which the outer code is RM coding and the inner code is Manchester coding, a concatenated code in which the outer code is TBCC coding and the inner code is Manchester coding, a concatenated code in which the outer code is Polar coding and the inner code is Manchester coding, or a concatenated code in which the outer code is LDPC coding and the inner code is Manchester coding.

[0177] In some embodiments, encoding method 8 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 7 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 8 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 7 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 8 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 7 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, encoding method 8 is a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding method 7 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding.

[0178] In some embodiments, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding and encoding method 8 is Manchester encoding; or, encoding method 7 is TBCC encoding and encoding method 8 is Manchester encoding; or, encoding method 7 is LDPC encoding and encoding method 8 is Manchester encoding; or, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding and encoding method 8 is TBCC encoding; or, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding and encoding method 8 is PIE encoding; or, encoding method 7 is TBCC encoding and encoding method 8 is PIE encoding; or, encoding method 7 is LDPC encoding and encoding method 8 is PIE encoding; or, encoding method 7 is RM encoding and encoding method 8 is PIE encoding; or, encoding method 7 is Polar encoding. The concatenated code of coding mode 7 and Manchester coding is the concatenated code of coding mode 8, and the coding mode 8 is Manchester coding; or, coding mode 7 is the concatenated code of RM coding and Manchester coding, and the coding mode 8 is Manchester coding; or, coding mode 7 is the concatenated code of Polar coding and Manchester coding, and the coding mode 8 is PIE coding; or, coding mode 7 is the concatenated code of RM coding and Manchester coding, and the coding mode 8 is PIE coding; or, coding mode 7 is the concatenated code of TBCC coding and Manchester coding, and the coding mode 8 is PIE coding; or, coding mode 7 is the concatenated code of LDPC coding and Manchester coding, and the coding mode 8 is PIE coding.

[0179] It is understandable that the disclosed embodiments can determine different encoding methods based on terminal type. For simpler terminals, such as Device A, which can only perform simple calculations to minimize power consumption, a simpler encoding method is selected. For terminals with more complex computing capabilities, which can perform more complex calculations, a more complex encoding method can be selected. Therefore, determining different encoding methods based on terminal type can increase the terminal's encoding flexibility, adapt to different usage scenarios, meet various communication needs, and improve the robustness of data communications.

[0180] Implementation method 5: When the predefined information includes a transmission mode, the encoding mode of the first bit sequence is determined according to the transmission mode.

[0181] The transmission mode may include at least one of the following: amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation transmission, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation transmission, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission, active RF components for transmission, and backscattering transmission.

[0182] In some embodiments, the above transmission method may also include on-off keying (OOK) modulation. OOK modulation transmission is a special case of ASK transmission. OOK can also be called binary amplitude keying, meaning that when a "0" bit is transmitted, the corresponding amplitude is 0, and when a "1" bit is transmitted, the corresponding amplitude is not equal to "0".

[0183] In some embodiments, the backscatter transmission may include at least one of the following: conventional backscatter signal transmission, bistatic backscatter signal transmission, ambient backscatter signal transmission, and full-duplex backscatter signal transmission.

[0184] Exemplarily, when the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OOK modulation transmission, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 9; or, when the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is backscatter transmission, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 9; or, when the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is active information transmission, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 10; or, when the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is ASK modulation transmission or FSK modulation transmission, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 9; or, when the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OFDM transmission, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 10.

[0185] In some embodiments, encoding mode 9 is different from encoding mode 10. Encoding mode 9 and encoding mode 10 are respectively at least one of the following encoding modes or a concatenation of at least two of the following encoding modes: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

[0186] In some embodiments, the encoding method 9 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 10 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 9 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 10 is TBCC encoding; or, the encoding method 9 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 10 is LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 9 is TBCC encoding and the encoding method 10 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 9 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 10 is a concatenated code in which the outer code is Polar encoding and the inner code is Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 9 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 10 is a concatenated code in which the outer code is RM encoding and the inner code is Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 9 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 10 is a concatenated code in which the outer code is TBCC encoding and the inner code is Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 9 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 10 is a concatenated code in which the outer code is LDPC encoding and the inner code is Manchester encoding. er coding concatenated code; or, coding mode 9 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding mode 10 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 9 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding mode 10 is TBCC coding; or, coding mode 9 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding mode 10 is LDPC coding; or, coding mode 9 is PIE coding, and coding mode 10 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 9 is PIE coding, and coding mode 10 is TBCC coding; or, coding mode 9 is PIE coding, and coding mode 10 is LDPC coding; or, coding mode 9 is PIE coding, and coding mode 10 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding mode 9 is PIE coding, and coding mode 10 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding mode 9 is PIE coding, and coding mode 10 is a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding.

[0187] Implementation method six: when the predefined information includes a modulation mode, determine the encoding mode of the first bit sequence according to the modulation mode.

[0188] The modulation method may include at least one of the following: binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM) modulation, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) modulation, ASK modulation, FSK modulation, OOK modulation, and OFDM modulation.

[0189] Exemplarily, m in the above m-order quadrature amplitude modulation may be an integer greater than 4.

[0190] Exemplarily, when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OOK modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 9; when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OFDM modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 10.

[0191] Exemplarily, when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is BPSK modulation or QPSK modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 9; when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is m-QAM modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 10.

[0192] Illustratively, when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is PAM modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 9; when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OFDM modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using coding mode 10.

[0193] Illustratively, when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is ASK modulation or FSK modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 9; when the modulation mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OFDM modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 10.

[0194] In some embodiments, encoding scheme 9 and encoding scheme 10 are different. Encoding scheme 9 and encoding scheme 10 are respectively at least one of the following encoding schemes or a concatenation of at least two of the following encoding schemes: FMO encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding. Specific encoding schemes 9 and 10 may be as shown in Implementation 5.

[0195] Implementation method seven: when the predefined information includes a channel type, determine the encoding method of the first bit sequence according to the channel type.

[0196] In some embodiments, the channel type includes an uplink channel and / or a downlink channel. For example, an uplink channel may be a terminal sending data to a base station, or an electronic tag sending data to a reader. A downlink channel may be a base station sending data to a terminal, or a reader sending data to an electronic tag.

[0197] Illustratively, when the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 11; or, when the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 12.

[0198] In some embodiments, encoding mode 11 is different from encoding mode 12. Encoding mode 11 and encoding mode 12 are respectively at least one of the following encoding modes or a concatenation of at least two of the following encoding modes: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

[0199] In some embodiments, the encoding method 11 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 12 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 11 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 12 is TBCC encoding; or, the encoding method 11 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 12 is LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 11 is TBCC encoding, and the encoding method 12 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 11 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 12 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 11 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 12 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding; or Coding mode 11 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding mode 12 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 11 is PIE coding, and coding mode 12 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 11 is PIE coding, and coding mode 12 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding mode 11 is PIE coding, and coding mode 12 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding mode 11 is PIE coding, and coding mode 12 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding mode 11 is PIE coding, and coding mode 12 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of LDPC coding.

[0200] It is understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure can determine different encoding methods based on the channel type. Generally speaking, terminals have relatively weak computing capabilities and can only decode and encode with relatively low-complexity encoding methods. Therefore, encoding methods with relatively low decoding complexity can be used for downlink channels, while encoding methods with relatively high encoding complexity can be used for uplink channels. This makes the terminal simpler and more practical, and also reduces power consumption, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the terminal.

[0201] Implementation method eight: when the predefined information includes the number of bits of the first bit sequence and / or the number of bits of the second bit sequence, determine the encoding method of the first bit sequence according to the number of bits of the first bit sequence and / or the number of bits of the second bit sequence.

[0202] Illustratively, when the predefined information includes the number of bits of the first bit sequence, if the number of bits of the first bit sequence is less than or equal to a first threshold, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 13; and if the number of bits of the first bit sequence is greater than the first threshold, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 14. The first threshold is an integer greater than zero.

[0203] Illustratively, when the predefined information includes the number of bits of the second bit sequence, if the number of bits of the second bit sequence is less than or equal to a second threshold, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding method 13; and if the number of bits of the second bit sequence is greater than the second threshold, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding method 14. The second threshold is an integer greater than zero.

[0204] Exemplarily, when the predefined information includes the number of bits of the first bit sequence and the number of bits of the second bit sequence, determining the encoding mode based on the number of bits of the first bit sequence and the number of bits of the second bit sequence includes:

[0205] When the number of bits in the first bit sequence is less than or equal to the first threshold, or the number of bits in the second bit sequence is less than or equal to the second threshold, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 13.

[0206] When the number of bits in the first bit sequence is less than or equal to the first threshold, and the number of bits in the second bit sequence is less than or equal to the second threshold, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 13.

[0207] When the number of bits in the first bit sequence is greater than a first threshold, or when the number of bits in the second bit sequence is greater than a second threshold, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 14.

[0208] When the number of bits in the first bit sequence is greater than a first threshold, and the number of bits in the second bit sequence is greater than a second threshold, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 14.

[0209] The first threshold and the second threshold are both integers greater than 0. Exemplarily, the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0210] Exemplarily, the first threshold is equal to 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128 or 256.

[0211] Exemplarily, the second threshold is equal to 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, 64, 72, 80, 96, 128, 160, 200, 256, 320, 400 or 512.

[0212] In some embodiments, encoding method 13 is different from encoding method 14, and encoding method 13 or encoding method 14 can be at least one of the following encoding methods or a concatenated code of at least two of the following encoding methods: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, RM encoding, TBCC encoding, Polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced Polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, PIE encoding.

[0213] In some embodiments, the encoding method 13 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 14 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 13 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 14 is TBCC encoding; or, the encoding method 13 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 14 is LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 13 is TBCC encoding, and the encoding method 14 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 13 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 14 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 13 is Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 14 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM encoding and an inner code of Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 13 is FM0 encoding or Miller coding, coding method 14 is Polar coding; or, coding method 13 is Manchester coding, and coding method 14 is a concatenated code with TBCC coding as the outer code and Manchester coding as the inner code; or, coding method 13 is Manchester coding, and coding method 14 is a concatenated code with LDPC coding as the outer code and Manchester coding as the inner code; or, coding method 13 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding method 14 is Polar coding; or, coding method 13 is PIE coding, and coding method 14 is Polar coding; or, coding method 13 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and coding method 14 is TBCC coding; or, coding method 13 is PIE coding, and coding method 14 is TBCC coding.

[0214] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure can determine different encoding methods based on the number of bits in the first bit sequence and / or the number of bits in the second bit sequence, so that various encoding methods can be adapted to their optimal performance areas, the coverage of communication equipment can be enhanced, and a larger number of terminals can be supported to meet various communication needs, thereby increasing the robustness of data communication.

[0215] Implementation method nine: Determine the encoding method based on a combination of multiple predefined information.

[0216] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes terminal capabilities and channel types. If the terminal has the ability to actively transmit signals and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 15. If the terminal has the ability to actively transmit signals and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0217] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes a transmission mode and a channel type. When the first bit sequence is transmitted using backscatter and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 17. When the first bit sequence is transmitted using backscatter and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 18.

[0218] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes a transmission process and a channel type. When the transmission process of the first bit sequence is an access process and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 15. When the transmission process of the first bit sequence is an access process and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0219] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes a transmission process and a channel type. When the transmission process of the first bit sequence is a data transmission process and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 15. When the transmission process of the first bit sequence is a data transmission process and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0220] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes a transmission mode and a channel type. When the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is ASK modulation transmission or FSK modulation transmission, and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 15. When the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is ASK modulation transmission or FSK modulation transmission, and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0221] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes a transmission mode and a channel type. When the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OFDM transmission and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 15. When the transmission mode corresponding to the first bit sequence is OFDM transmission and the channel type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0222] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes the terminal type and channel type. If the terminal type is Device C and the first bit sequence corresponds to a downlink channel type, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 15. If the terminal type is Device C and the first bit sequence corresponds to an uplink channel type, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0223] Exemplarily, when the terminal type is Device A or Device B, and the type corresponding to the first bit sequence is a downlink channel, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 17. When the terminal type is Device A or Device B, and the type corresponding to the first bit sequence is an uplink channel, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 18.

[0224] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes a transmission process and terminal capabilities. If the transmission process of the first bit sequence is an access process and the terminal capability is a non-capacitive storage capability, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 15; otherwise, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding method 16.

[0225] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes the terminal type and the number of bits in the first bit sequence. If the terminal type is Device A and the number of bits in the first bit sequence is less than a first threshold, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding method 15; otherwise, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding method 16.

[0226] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes the terminal type and the number of bits in the second bit sequence. If the terminal type is Device A and the number of bits in the second bit sequence is less than the second threshold, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding method 15; otherwise, the first bit sequence may be encoded using encoding method 16.

[0227] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes the terminal type and the modulation mode. When the terminal type is Device A and the modulation mode is OOK modulation, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 15; otherwise, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0228] Exemplarily, the predefined information includes the terminal type and the transmission process. When the terminal type is Device A and the transmission process is an access process, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 15; otherwise, the first bit sequence can be encoded using encoding mode 16.

[0229] Illustratively, when the coding mode configuration signaling indicates that coding mode 15 is used for encoding, the first bit sequence is encoded using coding mode 15; when the coding mode configuration signaling does not indicate, the first bit sequence is encoded using coding mode 16.

[0230] Exemplarily, before identifying the type of the terminal, the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 15. After identifying the type of the terminal or obtaining the terminal capability, if the terminal type is the first terminal type (or, the terminal capability is the first capability), the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 16. If the terminal type is the second terminal type (or, the terminal capability is the second capability), the first bit sequence is encoded using encoding mode 17. The first capability and the second capability are different, where the first capability may be capacitive storage capability or non-capacitive storage capability, and the first capability may be the ability to actively transmit signals.

[0231] In some embodiments, coding mode 15, coding mode 16, coding mode 17 and coding mode 18 are different, and coding mode 15, coding mode 16, coding mode 17 and coding mode 18 can be one of the following coding modes or a concatenated code of the following two coding modes: FM0 coding, Miller coding, RM coding, TBCC coding, Polar coding, LDPC coding, enhanced Polar coding, enhanced LDPC coding, Manchester coding, repetition coding, sequence coding, PIE coding.

[0232] In some embodiments, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 16 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 16 is TBCC encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 16 is RM encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding and the encoding method 16 is LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is TBCC encoding and the encoding method 16 is LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is TBCC encoding and the encoding method 16 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is RM encoding and the encoding method 16 is LDPC encoding. Mode 16 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 15 is RM coding, and coding mode 16 is TBCC coding; or, coding mode 15 is a concatenated code with Polar coding as the outer code and Manchester coding as the inner code, and coding mode 16 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 1 is a concatenated code with Polar coding as the outer code and Manchester coding as the inner code, and coding mode 16 is a concatenated code with TBCC coding as the outer code and Manchester coding as the inner code; or, coding mode 1 is a concatenated code with TBCC coding as the outer code and Manchester coding as the inner code, and coding mode 16 is a concatenated code with Polar coding as the outer code. or, encoding mode 1 is a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, and encoding mode 16 is a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding; or, encoding mode 15 is RM coding, and encoding mode 16 is Polar coding; or, encoding mode 15 is FM0 coding or Miller coding, and encoding mode 16 is Polar coding; or, encoding mode 15 is Manchester coding or repetition coding, and encoding mode 16 is enhanced Polar coding or enhanced LDPC coding; or, encoding mode 15 is Manchester coding or repetition coding, and encoding mode 16 is RM coding and A concatenated code of Manchester coding; or, coding method 15 is Manchester coding, FM0 coding, or Miller coding, and coding method 16 is a concatenated code of Polar coding and Manchester coding; coding method 15 is PIE coding, and coding method 16 is Polar coding, or LDPC coding, or TBCC coding, or RM coding, or a concatenated code with an outer code of Polar coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, or a concatenated code with an outer code of TBCC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding, or a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding.

[0233] In some embodiments, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is TBCC encoding; or, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is RM encoding; or, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is repetition encoding; or, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is a concatenated code in which the outer code is Polar encoding and the inner code is Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is a concatenated code in which the outer code is RM encoding and the inner code is Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 17 is PIE encoding, and the encoding method 18 is a concatenated code in which the outer code is TBCC encoding and the inner code is Manchester encoding. ter coding concatenated code; or, coding mode 17 is PIE coding, and coding mode 18 is a concatenated code with an outer code of LDPC coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding mode 17 is PIE coding, and coding mode 18 is a concatenated code with an outer code of RM coding and an inner code of Manchester coding; or, coding mode 17 is TBCC coding, and coding mode 18 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 17 is RM coding, and coding mode 18 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 17 is LDPC coding, and coding mode 18 is Polar coding; or, coding mode 17 is Polar coding, and coding mode 18 is LDPC coding; or, coding mode 17 is Manchester coding, and coding mode 18 is TBCC coding, or LDPC coding, or RM coding, or Polar coding.

[0234] In some embodiments, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding, the encoding method 16 is Polar encoding, and the encoding method 17 is TBCC encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding, the encoding method 16 is TBCC encoding, and the encoding method 17 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is FM0 encoding or Miller encoding, the encoding method 16 is RM encoding, and the encoding method 17 is Polar encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is FM0 encoding or Miller encoding, the encoding method 16 is Polar encoding, and the encoding method 17 is LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding or repetition encoding, the encoding method 16 is enhanced Polar encoding, and the encoding method 17 is enhanced LDPC encoding; or, the encoding method 15 is Manchester encoding or repetition encoding, the encoding method 16 is a concatenated code of RM encoding and Manchester encoding, and the encoding method 17 is a concatenated code of RM encoding and Manchester encoding. Coding mode 17 is a concatenated code of Polar coding and Manchester coding; or, coding mode 15 is Manchester coding, FM0 coding, or Miller coding, coding mode 16 is a concatenated code of Polar coding and Manchester coding, and coding mode 17 is a concatenated code of RM coding and Manchester coding; or, coding mode 15 is Manchester coding, FM0 coding, or Miller coding, coding mode 16 is a concatenated code of Polar coding and Manchester coding, and coding mode 17 is a concatenated code of LDPC coding and Manchester coding; or, coding mode 15 is Manchester coding, FM0 coding, or Miller coding, coding mode 16 is a concatenated code of TBCC coding and Manchester coding, and coding mode 17 is a concatenated code of Polar coding and Manchester coding.

[0235] S203: The first communication node sends a second bit sequence to the second communication node. Correspondingly, the second communication node receives the second bit sequence.

[0236] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the communication method between the first communication node and the second communication node, and does not limit the sending method of the second bit sequence.

[0237] S204. The second communication node decodes the second bit sequence based on the predefined information to obtain the first bit sequence.

[0238] Exemplarily, taking the predefined information including the terminal type as an example, assuming that the terminal type includes at least one of the following: Device A, Device B, and Device C, then the second communication node decoding the second bit sequence based on the predefined information may include:

[0239] When the terminal type is Device C, the second communication node uses encoding mode 7 to decode the second bit sequence; otherwise, the second communication node uses encoding mode 8 to decode the second bit sequence.

[0240] When the terminal type is Device A or Device B, the second communication node uses encoding mode 8 to decode the second bit sequence; otherwise, the second communication node uses encoding mode 7 to decode the second bit sequence.

[0241] When the terminal type is Device A, the second communication node uses encoding mode 8 to decode the second bit sequence; otherwise, the second communication node uses encoding mode 7 to decode the second bit sequence.

[0242] Exemplarily, assuming that the terminal type includes at least one of the following: Device A, Device B, Device C, and 6G terminal, the second communication node decoding the second bit sequence based on the predefined information may include:

[0243] When the terminal type is a 6G terminal, the second communication node uses encoding method 7 to decode the second bit sequence; otherwise, the second communication node uses encoding method 8 to decode the second bit sequence.

[0244] When the terminal type is Device C or a 6G terminal, the second communication node uses encoding method 7 to decode the second bit sequence; otherwise, the second communication node uses encoding method 8 to decode the second bit sequence.

[0245] Exemplarily, assuming that the terminal type includes at least one of the following: Device A, Device B, Device C, a first 6G terminal, and a second 6G terminal, the second communication node decoding the second bit sequence based on the predefined information may include:

[0246] When the terminal type is the second 6G terminal, the second communication node uses encoding method 7 to decode the second bit sequence; otherwise, the second communication node uses encoding method 8 to decode the second bit sequence.

[0247] When the terminal type is the first 6G terminal or the second 6G terminal, the second communication node uses encoding method 7 to decode the second bit sequence; otherwise, the second communication node uses encoding method 8 to decode the second bit sequence.

[0248] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and the encoding method 8 is Manchester encoding; or, the encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and the encoding method 8 is TBCC encoding; or, the encoding method 7 is Polar encoding, and the encoding method 8 is PIE encoding; or, the encoding method 7 is LDPC encoding, and the encoding method 8 is PIE encoding.

[0249] For ease of understanding, the information transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is described below in the form of examples.

[0250] 5 , the information transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to an electronic tag (ie, the first communication node) and a reader / writer (ie, the second communication node). The method can be implemented as follows: Sa1-Sa5.

[0251] Sa1: The reader / writer sends a first message to the electronic tag, and the electronic tag receives the first message accordingly.

[0252] The first message includes at least one of the following: Query signaling, QueryAdjust signaling, QueryRep signaling, ACK signaling, Read signaling, and Req_RN signaling.

[0253] For example, the implementation of Sa1 can refer to the above S2011, which will not be repeated here.

[0254] Sa2. The electronic tag determines a first bit sequence according to the first message.

[0255] For example, the implementation of Sa2 can refer to the above S2012 and will not be repeated here.

[0256] Sa3. The electronic tag encodes the first bit sequence based on the predefined information to obtain a second bit sequence.

[0257] For example, the implementation of Sa3 can refer to the above S202 and will not be repeated here.

[0258] Sa4: The electronic tag sends a second bit sequence to the reader / writer. Correspondingly, the reader / writer receives the second bit sequence.

[0259] Sa5. The reader / writer decodes the second bit sequence based on the predefined information to obtain the first bit sequence.

[0260] For example, the implementation of Sa5 can refer to the above S204, which will not be described in detail here.

[0261] The above mainly introduces the scheme of the embodiment of the present disclosure from the perspective of method. It can be understood that in order to realize the above functions, the information transmission device includes at least one of the hardware structure and software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. It should be easy for those skilled in the art to realize that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiment disclosed herein, the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0262] It is understandable that, in order to realize the above functions, the information transmission device includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. It should be easily appreciated by those skilled in the art that, in combination with the algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0263] The embodiment of the present disclosure can divide the functional modules of the information transmission device according to the above-mentioned method embodiment. For example, each functional module can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional module. The above-mentioned integrated module can be implemented in the form of hardware or software. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematic and is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. The following is an example of dividing each functional module corresponding to each function.

[0264] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an information transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. The information transmission device is applied to a first communication node and can execute the information transmission method provided by the above method embodiment. As shown in Figure 6, the information transmission device 600 includes: a determination module 601, an encoding module 602 and a communication module 603.

[0265] The determination module 601 is configured to obtain a first bit sequence.

[0266] The encoding module 602 is configured to encode the first bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain a second bit sequence.

[0267] The communication module 603 is configured to send a second bit sequence.

[0268] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes at least one of the following: transmission process, terminal capability, coding mode configuration signaling, terminal type, channel type, number of bits in the first bit sequence, number of bits in the second bit sequence, transmission mode, and modulation mode.

[0269] In some embodiments, the transmission process includes: an access process and / or a data transmission process.

[0270] In some embodiments, the terminal capability includes at least one of the following: active signal transmission capability, capacitance storage capability, non-capacitor storage capability, supported coding capability, supported modulation capability, and supported transmission capability.

[0271] In some embodiments, the coding mode configuration signaling is used to indicate the coding mode adopted by the terminal.

[0272] In some embodiments, the terminal type includes at least one of the following: a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, a 5G terminal, and a 6G terminal; wherein the first terminal is a terminal without capacitor storage capability; the second terminal is a terminal with capacitor storage capability; and the third terminal is a terminal with the capability of actively transmitting signals.

[0273] In some embodiments, the channel type includes: an uplink channel and / or a downlink channel.

[0274] In some embodiments, the transmission mode includes at least one of the following: amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation transmission, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation transmission, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission, active information transmission, and backscatter transmission.

[0275] In some embodiments, the modulation method includes at least one of the following: binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation, orthogonal phase shift keying QPSK modulation, m-order orthogonal amplitude modulation m-QAM modulation, pulse amplitude modulation PAM modulation, ASK modulation, FSK modulation, on-off keying OOK modulation, and OFDM modulation.

[0276] In some embodiments, different predefined information corresponds to different encoding methods.

[0277] In some embodiments, the encoding method includes at least one of the following encodings or a concatenated code of at least two of the following encodings: bi-phase space FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, Reed-Muller encoding, tail-biting convolution TBCC encoding, polarization encoding, low-density parity check LDPC encoding, enhanced polarization encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

[0278] In some embodiments, the communication module 603 is also used to receive a first message; wherein the first message includes at least one of the following: query signaling, traffic query signaling for adjusting telephone calls, status query signaling, confirmation character signaling, read signaling, and signaling requesting a random number; the determination module 601 is used to determine the first bit sequence based on the first message.

[0279] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another information transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a second communication node and can execute the information transmission method provided by the above method embodiment. As shown in FIG7 , the information transmission device 700 includes: a communication module 701 and a decoding module 702.

[0280] Communication module 701, configured to receive a second bit sequence;

[0281] The decoding module 702 is configured to decode the second bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain a first bit sequence.

[0282] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes at least one of the following: transmission process, terminal capability, coding mode configuration signaling, terminal type, channel type, number of bits in the first bit sequence, number of bits in the second bit sequence, transmission mode, and modulation mode.

[0283] In some embodiments, the transmission process includes: an access process and / or a data transmission process.

[0284] In some embodiments, the terminal capability includes at least one of the following: active signal transmission capability, capacitance storage capability, non-capacitor storage capability, supported coding capability, supported modulation capability, and supported transmission capability.

[0285] In some embodiments, the coding mode configuration signaling is used to indicate the coding mode adopted by the terminal.

[0286] In some embodiments, the terminal type includes at least one of the following: a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, a 5G terminal, and a 6G terminal; wherein the first terminal is a terminal without capacitor storage capability; the second terminal is a terminal with capacitor storage capability; and the third terminal is a terminal with active signal transmission capability.

[0287] In some embodiments, the channel type includes: an uplink channel and / or a downlink channel.

[0288] In some embodiments, the transmission mode includes at least one of the following: ASK modulation transmission, FSK modulation transmission, OFDM transmission, active information transmission, and backscatter transmission.

[0289] In some embodiments, the modulation method includes at least one of the following: BPSK modulation, QPSK modulation, m-QAM modulation, PAM modulation, ASK modulation, FSK modulation, OOK modulation, and OFDM modulation.

[0290] In some embodiments, different predefined information corresponds to different encoding methods.

[0291] In some embodiments, the encoding method includes at least one of the following encodings or a concatenated code of at least two of the following encodings: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, Reed-Muller encoding, TBCC encoding, polar encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced polar encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

[0292] In some embodiments, the communication module 701 is also used to send a first message; wherein the first message includes at least one of the following: query signaling, query signaling for adjusting the traffic volume of telephone calls, status query signaling, confirmation character signaling, read signaling, and signaling requesting a random number.

[0293] In the case of implementing the functions of the above-mentioned integrated modules in the form of hardware, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a structure of the communication device involved in the above-mentioned embodiment. As shown in Figure 8, the communication device 800 includes: a memory 801, a processor 802, a communication interface 803, and a bus 804.

[0294] The memory 801 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store dynamic information and instructions, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0295] The processor 802 may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 802 may be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 802 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, or a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor.

[0296] The communication interface 803 is used to connect to other devices via a communication network, such as Ethernet, wireless access network, or wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0297] In some embodiments, the memory 801 can exist independently of the processor 802. The memory 801 can be connected to the processor 802 via a bus 804 and used to store instructions or program codes. When the processor 802 calls and executes the instructions or program codes stored in the memory 801, the information transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented. In some embodiments, the memory 801 can also be integrated with the processor 802.

[0298] Bus 804 can be an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 804 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, FIG8 shows only one thick solid line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0299] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium), which stores computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the information transmission method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0300] For example, the computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives). The various computer-readable storage media described in this disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media for storing information. The term "machine-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0301] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product comprising instructions. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the information transmission method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0302] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An information transmission method, comprising: Obtaining a first bit sequence; Encoding the first bit sequence based on predefined information to obtain a second bit sequence; The second bit sequence is sent.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The predefined information includes at least one of the following: transmission process, terminal capability, coding mode configuration signaling, terminal type, channel type, the number of bits in the first bit sequence, the number of bits in the second bit sequence, transmission mode, and modulation mode.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The transmission process includes: an access process and / or a data transmission process.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The terminal capability includes at least one of the following: active signal transmission capability, capacitor storage capability, non-capacitor storage capability, supported coding capability, supported modulation capability, and supported transmission capability.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The coding mode configuration signaling is used to indicate the coding mode adopted by the terminal.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The terminal type includes at least one of the following: a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, a 5G terminal, and a 6G terminal; wherein the first terminal is a terminal without capacitor storage capability; the second terminal is a terminal with capacitor storage capability; and the third terminal is a terminal with active signal transmission capability.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The channel type includes: an uplink channel and / or a downlink channel.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The transmission mode includes at least one of the following: amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation transmission, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation transmission, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission, active information transmission, and backscatter transmission.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The modulation method includes at least one of the following: binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation, quadrature phase shift keying QPSK modulation, m-order quadrature amplitude modulation m-QAM modulation, pulse amplitude modulation PAM modulation, ASK modulation, FSK modulation, on-off keying OOK modulation, and OFDM modulation.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Different predefined information corresponds to different encoding methods.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The encoding method includes at least one of the following encodings or a concatenated code of at least two of the following encodings: dual-phase space FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, Reed-Muller encoding, tail-biting convolution TBCC encoding, polarization encoding, low-density parity check LDPC encoding, enhanced polarization encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Get the first bit sequence, including: Receive a first message; wherein the first message includes at least one of the following: query signaling, traffic query signaling for adjusting a telephone call, status query signaling, confirmation character signaling, read signaling, and signaling requesting a random number; The first bit sequence is determined according to the first message.

13. An information transmission method, comprising: receiving a second bit sequence; Based on the predefined information, the second bit sequence is decoded to obtain a first bit sequence.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The predefined information includes at least one of the following: transmission process, terminal capability, coding mode configuration signaling, terminal type, channel type, the number of bits in the first bit sequence, the number of bits in the second bit sequence, transmission mode, and modulation mode.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The transmission process includes: an access process and / or a data transmission process.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The terminal capability includes at least one of the following: active signal transmission capability, capacitor storage capability, non-capacitor storage capability, supported coding capability, supported modulation capability, and supported transmission capability.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The coding mode configuration signaling is used to indicate the coding mode adopted by the terminal.

18. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The terminal type includes at least one of the following: a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, a 5G terminal, and a 6G terminal; wherein the first terminal is a terminal without capacitor storage capability; the second terminal is a terminal with capacitor storage capability; and the third terminal is a terminal with active signal transmission capability.

19. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The channel type includes: an uplink channel and / or a downlink channel.

20. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The transmission mode includes at least one of the following: ASK modulation transmission, FSK modulation transmission, OFDM transmission, active information transmission, and backscatter transmission.

21. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The modulation mode includes at least one of the following: BPSK modulation, QPSK modulation, m-QAM modulation, PAM modulation, ASK modulation, FSK modulation, OOK modulation, and OFDM modulation.

22. The method according to claim 13, wherein: Different predefined information corresponds to different encoding methods.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein: The encoding method includes at least one of the following encodings or a concatenated code of at least two of the following encodings: FM0 encoding, Miller encoding, Reed-Muller encoding, TBCC encoding, polarization encoding, LDPC encoding, enhanced polarization encoding, enhanced LDPC encoding, Manchester encoding, repetition encoding, sequence encoding, and PIE encoding.

24. The method of claim 13, further comprising: Send a first message; wherein the first message includes at least one of the following: query signaling, query signaling for adjusting the traffic volume of telephone calls, status query signaling, confirmation character signaling, read signaling, and signaling requesting a random number.

25. A communication device, comprising: A memory and a processor; wherein the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is used to store instructions executable by the processor; when the processor executes the instructions, it performs the information transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device executes the information transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

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