Pilot transmission method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application discloses a pilot transmission method and apparatus. The method comprises: generating N pilot symbols, wherein multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated on the basis of at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair among the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair comprises at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; and outputting the N pilot symbols. By means of the solution, pilot symbols are generated on the basis of a Golay complementary sequence pair, so that a pilot signal finally transmitted has a low PAPR and also has good flatness in the frequency domain, thereby facilitating the improvement of channel estimation quality.

Description

A pilot transmission method and device Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a pilot transmission method and device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, most wireless communication systems use Gold or Zadoff-Chü (ZC) sequences to generate pilot signals. Pilot signals generated based on Gold sequences have a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), but they suffer from poor frequency domain flatness. This means that some subcarriers may have low signal energy. When the receiver performs channel estimation, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of these subcarriers is low, resulting in poor channel estimation quality. Pilot signals generated based on ZC sequences have good frequency domain flatness, but their PAPR is high. This means that after amplification by the power amplifier, the pilot signal may be distorted, making it difficult for the receiver to correctly interpret the pilot signal.

[0003] How to ensure that the pilot signal has both low PAPR and frequency domain flatness, thereby improving the quality of channel estimation, is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a pilot transmission method and apparatus, which can realize the generation of pilot symbols based on Gray complementary sequence pairs, so that the pilot signal has low PAPR and frequency domain flatness, thereby improving the channel estimation quality.

[0006] In a first aspect, a pilot transmission method is provided, which can be performed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application can refer to the first communication device itself (e.g., a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (e.g., a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. The method includes: generating N pilot symbols; wherein multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Gray complementary sequence pair, each Gray complementary sequence pair in the at least one Gray complementary sequence pair includes at least two Gray complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; and outputting N pilot symbols.

[0007] The above scheme generates pilot symbols based on Gray complementary sequence pairs, which can make the pilot signal finally sent out have a low PAPR and good flatness in the frequency domain, which helps to improve the channel estimation quality.

[0008] In one possible design, the Golay complementary sequence is a binary Golay complementary sequence. Compared with a quaternary Golay complementary sequence or a multi-element Golay complementary sequence, a binary Golay complementary sequence can lower the PAPR of the pilot signal.

[0009] In one possible design, Golay complementary sequences carried by at least two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0010] This design approach constrains Golay complementary sequences carried by adjacent pilot symbols to form Golay complementary sequence pairs, which can reduce the processing complexity of the transmitter and receiver.

[0011] In one possible design, generating multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair specifically includes: generating multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols corresponding to the same antenna port based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0012] This design approach takes into account the situation of multiple antenna ports, and the solution is more applicable.

[0013] In one possible design, the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol constitute a first Golay complementary sequence pair; the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol constitute a second Golay complementary sequence pair; wherein, at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes the first Golay complementary sequence pair and the second Golay complementary sequence pair; and i is a positive integer.

[0014] This design method constrains the Golay complementary sequence carried by any pilot symbol to form a Golay complementary sequence pair with the Golay complementary sequence carried by the previous pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the next pilot symbol. Once the first pilot symbol is determined, subsequent pilot symbols can be generated sequentially based on the previous pilot symbol, which can reduce the processing complexity of the transmitter and receiver.

[0015] In one possible design, the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol constitute a third Golay complementary sequence; the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+2)th pilot symbol constitute a fourth Golay complementary sequence; the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol do not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair; where i is a positive integer.

[0016] This design approach constrains the Golay complementary sequence carried by any pilot symbol to form a Golay complementary sequence pair with the Golay complementary sequence carried by the previous or next pilot symbol. This makes the type of Golay complementary sequence carried by the N pilot symbols more flexible, reduces the probability of using the same pilot symbol between different cells, and can reduce inter-cell interference.

[0017] In one possible design, the N pilot symbols also include a first pilot symbol; the first pilot symbol carries a Gold sequence; or, the Gray complementary sequence carried by the first pilot symbol and the Gray complementary sequence carried by its adjacent previous pilot symbol or next pilot symbol constitute a Gray complementary sequence pair.

[0018] This design takes into account the processing methods of other pilot symbols and improves the reliability of the solution.

[0019] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are located on a first sub-block, and the first sub-block corresponds to a period of time domain and / or frequency domain resources.

[0020] This design method constrains the generation of pilot symbols within a sub-block to use Gray complementary sequence pairs, which makes the solution more flexible.

[0021] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are within a time domain window (TDW); wherein there is no uplink / downlink switching within the TDW, and / or symbol transmission within the TDW meets phase continuity and power continuity requirements.

[0022] This design, which constrains pilot symbol generation within the TDW based on Golay complementary sequence pairs, is applicable to joint channel estimation scenarios. Since joint channel estimation inherently requires multiple pilot symbols, it avoids pilot overhead waste.

[0023] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are scheduled via one physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) signaling; alternatively, N pilot symbols are scheduled via N PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling respectively; alternatively, N pilot symbols are scheduled via a PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling, where a is a positive integer less than N. Of course, the above is only an example and is not limited thereto.

[0024] In one possible design, the N pilot symbols correspond to the same antenna port.

[0025] In one possible design, different pilot symbols in at least two pilot symbols generated based on the same Golay complementary sequence pair (or at least two pilot symbols carrying the Golay complementary sequence constituting the Golay complementary sequence pair) occupy the same frequency domain bandwidth.

[0026] In this way, it is convenient for the receiving end of the pilot symbol (such as the second communication device) to perform (joint) channel estimation using the Golay complementary sequence pair, thereby improving the quality of the channel estimation.

[0027] In a second aspect, a pilot transmission method is provided, which can be performed by a second communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "second communication device" in this application can refer to the second communication device itself (for example, a terminal device, a network device), or a component in the second communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second communication device. The method includes: obtaining a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes N pilot symbols, multiple pilot symbols in the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Gray complementary sequence pair, each Gray complementary sequence pair in the at least one Gray complementary sequence pair includes at least two Gray complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; and performing channel estimation on the N pilot symbols.

[0028] In the above solution, the pilot symbol received by the second communication device is generated based on a Gray complementary sequence pair, has a low PAPR, and has good flatness in the frequency domain, thereby improving the channel estimation quality.

[0029] In one possible design, the Golay complementary sequence is a binary Golay complementary sequence.

[0030] In one possible design, Golay complementary sequences carried by at least two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0031] In one possible design, generating multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair specifically includes: generating multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols corresponding to the same antenna port based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0032] In one possible design, the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol constitute a first Golay complementary sequence pair; the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol constitute a second Golay complementary sequence pair; wherein, at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes the first Golay complementary sequence pair and the second Golay complementary sequence pair; and i is a positive integer.

[0033] In one possible design, the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol constitute a third Golay complementary sequence; the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+2)th pilot symbol constitute a fourth Golay complementary sequence; the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol do not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair; where i is a positive integer.

[0034] In one possible design, the N pilot symbols also include a first pilot symbol; the first pilot symbol carries a Gold sequence; or, the Gray complementary sequence carried by the first pilot symbol and the Gray complementary sequence carried by its adjacent previous pilot symbol or next pilot symbol constitute a Gray complementary sequence pair.

[0035] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are located on a first sub-block, and the first sub-block corresponds to a period of time domain and / or frequency domain resources.

[0036] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are within a TDW; wherein there is no uplink or downlink switching within the TDW, and / or symbol transmission within the TDW meets phase continuity and power continuity requirements.

[0037] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are scheduled through one PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling; or, N pilot symbols are scheduled through N PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling respectively; or, N pilot symbols are scheduled through a PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling, where a is a positive integer less than N.

[0038] In one possible design, the N pilot symbols correspond to the same antenna port.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned design methods can refer to the beneficial effects of the corresponding design of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0040] According to a third aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a module, a unit, or a technical means for implementing the method in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect.

[0041] Exemplarily, the apparatus may include:

[0042] a processing module configured to generate N pilot symbols, wherein a plurality of the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair in the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1;

[0043] The transceiver module is used to output N pilot symbols.

[0044] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a module, a unit, or a technical means for implementing the method in the second aspect or any optional implementation manner of the second aspect.

[0045] Exemplarily, the apparatus may include:

[0046] a transceiver module configured to obtain a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes N pilot symbols, multiple pilot symbols of the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair of the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1;

[0047] The processing module is used to perform channel estimation on N pilot symbols.

[0048] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is electrically coupled to the processor, and the processor causes the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect to be executed through a logic circuit or execution code instructions, or causes the method described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect to be executed.

[0049] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein a computer program or instruction is stored in the storage medium. When the computer program or instruction is executed, the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect is executed, or the method described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect is executed.

[0050] In the seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising instructions, which, when run on a computer, causes the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect to be executed, or causes the method described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect to be executed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] FIG1 is a flowchart of processing a DFT-s-OFDM signal;

[0052] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG3 is a flowchart of a pilot transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG4A and FIG4B are schematic diagrams of pilot symbols;

[0055] 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams showing the time-frequency domain properties of Golay complementary sequences;

[0056] 6A to 6H are schematic diagrams of pilot symbols;

[0057] FIG7 is a flowchart of another pilot transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of (joint) channel estimation;

[0059] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application, some of the technical terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are explained and illustrated below.

[0062] (1) Single carrier and multi-carrier:

[0063] Single-carrier refers to convolving a roll-off filter with serially arranged transmission signals to form a transmission signal; multi-carrier refers to arranging transmission signals in parallel and forming a transmission signal through inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0064] For example, the single-carrier waveform may be a single carrier-quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) waveform, and the multi-carrier waveform may be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. Furthermore, the discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform is almost equivalent to the traditional single-carrier waveform, but uses a multi-carrier implementation, making it easily compatible with OFDM. However, it is still essentially a single-carrier waveform.

[0065] FIG1 is a flow chart of signal processing of a transmitter of a network device or a terminal device when a DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used for communication between the network device and the terminal device.

[0066] As shown in Figure 1, the transmitter modulates the coded bit stream to obtain a modulated data sequence. The transmitter performs time domain resource mapping on the reference signal sequence and the modulated sequence (i.e., determines the time domain resources for each sequence, such as determining the OFDM symbol carrying each sequence). The reference signal sequence is, for example, at least one of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence, a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sequence, a tracking reference signal (TRS) sequence, or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) sequence. The transmitter performs transform domain coding on the sequence after time domain resource mapping (such as a discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) operation to transform it into the frequency domain); performs subcarrier mapping on the sequence after DFT (such as mapping it to a resource element (RE)); performs IFFT on the sequence after subcarrier mapping and superimposes a cyclic prefix (CP) to obtain a DFT-s-OFDM sequence.

[0067] The receiver performs the opposite process to the transmitter. For example, after obtaining the DFT-s-OFDM sequence, the receiver removes the superimposed CP in the sequence and performs operations such as FFT, subcarrier demapping, and IDFT to recover the reference signal sequence and the coded bit stream.

[0068] It is understandable that the relevant operations in Figure 1 are only an example. Optionally, other possible operations may also be included, such as frequency domain spectrum shaping, serial-to-parallel conversion, parallel-to-serial conversion, digital-to-analog-converter (DAC), power amplifier (PA), low noise amplifier (LNA), analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc.

[0069] (2) PAPR:

[0070] Observed in the time domain, wireless signals are sinusoidal waves with varying amplitudes. The amplitude is not constant. The peak amplitude of a signal within one cycle is different from the peak amplitude of another cycle, so the average power and peak power in each cycle are different. Over a long period of time, peak power is the maximum instantaneous power with a certain probability of occurring, typically 0.01% (10^-4). The ratio of the peak power at this probability to the total average power of the system is the PAPR.

[0071] (3) Gray complementary sequence pair:

[0072] For two sequences of length n, a=(a0, a1, a2, ..., a n-1 ) and b=(b0,b1,b2,…,b n-1 ),set up:

[0073] If sequence a and sequence b meet the following requirements, then sequence a and sequence b form a Golay complementary sequence pair (or a pair of Golay complementary sequences), a is a Golay complementary sequence, and b is a Golay complementary sequence:

[0074] For any 0 <j<n-1,G a (j)+G b (j) = 0, and when j = 0, G a (j)+G b (j) = 2n.

[0075] In other words, in a Gray complementary sequence pair, the sum of the autocorrelations of the two sequences is 0 when j is not 0, and is 2n when j is 0.

[0076] It is understood that for sequence a, in addition to sequence b, there may be other sequences that meet the above requirements as well as sequence a. For sequence b, in addition to sequence a, there may be other sequences that meet the above requirements as well as sequence b. Therefore, the number of Golay complementary sequences in a Golay complementary sequence pair can be two or more.

[0077] According to the types of elements contained in the Golay complementary sequence, the Golay complementary sequence can be divided into a binary Golay complementary sequence, a quaternary Golay complementary sequence, and a multi-element Golay complementary sequence.

[0078] (4) The "multiple" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. In addition, it should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used to describe each object in the embodiments of the present invention, these objects should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish each object from each other.

[0079] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include other steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete way.

[0080] Below, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are explained and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0081] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems, such as new radio (NR) systems, sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS), wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, and other communication systems that will evolve in the future.

[0082] The embodiments of the present application can be applied to the following scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), multi-site transmission (the same terminal device transmits signals to multiple sites), backhaul scenarios, wireless broadband to the home (WTTx), device to device (D2D), or other scenarios with high timing requirements or high transmission rate requirements.

[0083] For example, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the communication system may include one or more network devices and one or more terminal devices. The interface between the network device and the terminal device may be a Uu interface (or air interface), and data may be transmitted between the network device and the terminal device via air interface resources.

[0084] FIG2 exemplifies scenarios applicable to embodiments of the present application, namely, eMBB (shown by the solid line in FIG2 ), multi-site transmission (shown by the dashed line ① in FIG2 ), backhaul scenario (shown by the dashed line ② in FIG2 ), and D2D (shown by the dashed line ③ in FIG2 ). It should be understood that the four scenarios shown in FIG2 are merely examples and are not limited to these by embodiments of the present application.

[0085] The network device can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB) in a fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, a base station in a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, etc.; it can also be a module or unit that performs some of the functions of a base station, for example, a centralized unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU). The access network device can be a macro base station (such as 110a in Figure 2), a micro base station or an indoor station (such as 110b in Figure 2), a relay node or a donor node, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the access network device. In the embodiments of the present application, a base station is used as an example of an access network device for description.

[0086] In one possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, and different RAN nodes respectively implement part of the functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node can be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU can be set separately, or they can be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in a radio frequency device or radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0087] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in an open radio access network (O-RAN or open RAN or ORAN) system, CU may also be called O-CU (open CU), DU may also be called O-DU, CU-CP may also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP may also be called O-CU-UP, and RU may also be called O-RU. For the convenience of description, this application takes CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU as examples for description. Any unit of CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0088] Terminal devices may also be referred to as terminals, user equipment (UE), mobile stations, mobile terminals, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, for example, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, etc. Terminal devices may be mobile phones, tablet computers, computers with wireless transceiver functions, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the terminal devices.

[0089] Base stations and UEs can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; or in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of base stations and UEs.

[0090] Communication between base stations and UEs, between base stations, and between UEs can be carried out through authorized spectrum, unauthorized spectrum, or both; communication can be carried out through spectrum below 6 gigahertz (GHz), spectrum above 6 GHz, or spectrum below 6 GHz and spectrum above 6 GHz. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0091] The communication system and scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0092] In the embodiment of the present application, the waveform used for communication between the network device and the terminal device can be a single-carrier waveform or a multi-carrier waveform. In the embodiment of the present application, a DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used as an example for description.

[0093] Referring to Figure 3, a pilot transmission method is provided in an embodiment of the present application, which can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 2. The method can be executed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, the network device or terminal device shown in Figure 2), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. The method includes:

[0094] S301: Generate N pilot symbols.

[0095] Among the N pilot symbols, multiple pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, and N is a positive integer greater than 1. In other words, generating N pilot symbols includes: generating multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0096] Each Golay complementary sequence pair in at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, or in other words, at least two Golay complementary sequences constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0097] In some embodiments, multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, which can also be described as: sequences carried by the multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, or sequences carried by the multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are determined based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, or Golay complementary sequences carried by the multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols constitute at least one Golay complementary sequence. For example, sequences carried by the multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols include at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, or sequences carried by the multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are variations of at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0098] For example, Golay complementary sequences A and B form a Golay complementary sequence pair, and pilot symbol #1 and pilot symbol #2 are generated based on Golay complementary sequences A and B:

[0099] 1) Generate pilot symbol #1 on the first symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol): Pilot symbol #1 uses a Golay complementary sequence A of length X. For example, A = [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1].

[0100] It will be appreciated that the Golay complementary sequence examples herein use a binary Golay complementary sequence as an example, but are not limited thereto. A quaternary Golay complementary sequence or a multi-element Golay complementary sequence may also be used, without limitation. It will be appreciated that, compared to a quaternary Golay complementary sequence or a multi-element Golay complementary sequence, a binary Golay complementary sequence can lower the PAPR of the pilot signal.

[0101] Optionally, if the length X of the Golay complementary sequence A is not equal to the actual transmission bandwidth length Y, a redundant signal operation (such as adding 0 or adding repeated information) can be performed on the sequence. For example, if the length of the Golay complementary sequence A is 20, but the actual transmission bandwidth is 24 (2RB), 4 redundant signals need to be added.

[0102] For example, add 4 zeros: 0 can be added before or after the sequence A, or at equally spaced positions to obtain a sequence A' of length Y: A' = [0...A]; A' = [A...0]; or A' = [A1 0A2 0...A(N-1)0].

[0103] Or for example, sequence A is partially copied (copying 4 pieces of information) to obtain a sequence of length Y: A' = [A(N-L+1:end)A]; or A' = [AA(1:L)].

[0104] 2) Generate pilot symbol #2 on the second symbol: Pilot symbol #2 uses the Golay complementary sequence B that is complementary to A. For example: B = [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1].

[0105] Similarly, if the length X of the Golay complementary sequence B is not equal to the actual transmission bandwidth length Y, an operation of adding a redundant signal (such as adding 0 or adding repeated information) may be performed on the sequence.

[0106] The above is an example of generating two pilot symbols. For the generation method of more pilot symbols, you can refer to the generation method of pilot symbol #1 and pilot symbol #2, which will not be repeated here.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the pilot symbol type of the N pilot symbols may be any one of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) pilot symbol, a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) pilot symbol, a tracking reference signal (TRS) pilot symbol, or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) pilot symbol. For ease of description, the following takes the pilot symbol type of the N pilot symbols as a DMRS pilot symbol as an example.

[0108] In some embodiments, any two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols may be continuous in the time domain, that is, there is no other symbol between the two adjacent pilot symbols, as shown in FIG4A .

[0109] In other embodiments, any two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols may be discontinuous in the time domain, that is, there may be other symbols between the two adjacent pilot symbols, for example, there may be data symbols between the two adjacent pilot symbols, or there may be other pilot symbols, as shown in FIG4B . When the N pilot symbols are DMRS pilot symbols, the other pilot symbols include, but are not limited to, at least one of a PTRS pilot symbol, a TRS pilot symbol, or a CSI-RS pilot symbol.

[0110] S301 can also be described as: generating N pilot symbols among M pilot symbols, multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair in the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, N is a positive integer greater than 1, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to N, and N is a positive integer.

[0111] S302: Output N pilot symbols.

[0112] The pilot symbols output here may refer to pilot symbols after time domain resource mapping, or may refer to pilot symbols after processing such as DFT, subcarrier mapping, and IFFT, and this application does not impose any restrictions. Outputting N pilot symbols may refer to outputting N pilot symbols to a processing unit (such as an intermediate frequency), or may refer to sending N pilot symbols through a carrier.

[0113] In a specific example, the processing flow of the first communication device may include:

[0114] 1) The first communication device generates pilot information (such as a pilot sequence) according to the actual transmission bandwidth;

[0115] 2) Place pilot information and data information (e.g., data sequence) on time domain resources (e.g., OFDM symbols), ensuring that pilot sequences A and B used by two adjacent pilot symbols (a pilot symbol is an OFDM symbol on which a pilot sequence is placed) are a Golay complementary sequence pair. For specific methods, see S301.

[0116] 3) Performing DFT, subcarrier mapping, IFFT and other operations on the signal stream generated in step 2) to obtain the final time domain signal;

[0117] 4) Add CP to the time domain signal to form a DFT-s-OFDM symbol.

[0118] 5) Send DFT-s-OFDM symbols. This step is optional.

[0119] It can be understood that the Gray complementary sequence has the property of low PAPR, which is very important for communication systems that require low PAPR transmission. Compared with the existing Gold sequence with the same low PAPR, the Gray complementary sequence has a great advantage in channel estimation performance due to its frequency domain flatness. As shown in Figure 5A, from the time domain, the autocorrelation sum of the Gray complementary sequence is an impulse response (i.e., G a (j)+G b As shown in FIG5B , from the frequency domain, this means that the sum of the squares of the moduli of the Gray complementary sequence after Fourier transformation is a constant (the FFT of the impulse response is a constant modulus signal).

[0120] Optionally, the first communication device generates pilot symbols using a pi / 2 (pi / 2) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme to ensure that the pilot signal generated based on the Gray complementary sequence pair has a low PAPR.

[0121] The above scheme generates pilot symbols based on Gray complementary sequence pairs, which can ensure that the pilot signal finally transmitted has low PAPR and good flatness in the frequency domain, thus helping to improve the quality of channel estimation.

[0122] In one possible design, Golay complementary sequences carried by at least two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0123] In some embodiments, Golay complementary sequences carried by at least two adjacent pilot symbols constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, which can also be described as at least two adjacent pilot symbols constituting a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0124] In one specific implementation, the Golay complementary sequences carried by any two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. In other words, the Golay complementary sequence carried by each pilot symbol can form a Golay complementary sequence pair with the Golay complementary sequence carried by the previous adjacent pilot symbol, and can also form a Golay complementary sequence pair with the Golay complementary sequence carried by the next adjacent pilot symbol.

[0125] Exemplarily, the Golay complementary sequence carried by the i-1th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol constitute a first Golay complementary sequence pair; the Golay complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the i+1th pilot symbol constitute a second Golay complementary sequence pair; wherein, at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes a first Golay complementary sequence pair and a second Golay complementary sequence pair; i is a positive integer.

[0126] The first Golay complementary sequence pair and the second Golay complementary sequence can be the same. For example, as shown in FIG6A , the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #1 is sequence A, the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #2 is sequence B, and the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #3 is sequence A. Sequences A and B can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0127] The first Golay complementary sequence pair and the second Golay complementary sequence can be different. For example, as shown in FIG6B , the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #1 is sequence A, the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #2 is sequence B, and the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #3 is sequence C. Sequences A and B can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, and sequences B and C can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0128] This implementation method constrains any pilot symbol to form a Gray complementary sequence pair with the previous pilot symbol and the next pilot symbol. After the first pilot symbol is determined, subsequent pilot symbols can be generated in sequence based on the previous pilot symbol, which can reduce the processing complexity of the transmitter and receiver.

[0129] In another specific implementation, among the N pilot symbols, the Golay complementary sequences carried by every two adjacent pilot symbols form a Golay complementary sequence pair. In other words, the Golay complementary sequence carried by each pilot symbol only forms a Golay complementary sequence pair with the Golay complementary sequence carried by the previous or next adjacent pilot symbol.

[0130] Exemplarily, the Gray complementary sequence carried by the i-1th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Gray complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol constitute a third Gray complementary sequence; the Gray complementary sequence carried by the i+1th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Gray complementary sequence carried by the i+2th pilot symbol constitute a fourth Gray complementary sequence; the Gray complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol and the Gray complementary sequence carried by the i+1th pilot symbol do not constitute a Gray complementary sequence pair; wherein i is a positive integer.

[0131] For example, as shown in FIG6C , the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #1 is sequence A, the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #2 is sequence B, the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #3 is sequence C, and the Golay complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #4 is sequence D. Sequences A and B can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, sequences C and D can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, and sequences B and C cannot constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0132] This implementation only constrains any pilot symbol to form a Golay complementary sequence pair with the previous or next pilot symbol, making the Golay complementary sequence type carried by the N pilot symbols more flexible, and reducing the probability of using the same pilot symbol between different cells, thereby reducing inter-cell interference.

[0133] In one possible design, all N pilot symbols are generated based on Golay complementary sequence pairs. For example, N = 2P, where P is a positive integer (i.e., N is an even number). The Golay complementary sequences carried by every two adjacent pilot symbols constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. The Golay complementary sequence carried by each pilot symbol only constitutes a Golay complementary sequence pair with the Golay complementary sequence carried by the previous or next adjacent pilot symbol. That is, the Golay complementary sequences carried by the N pilot symbols constitute exactly P Golay complementary sequence pairs, and thus, the N pilot symbols are generated based on P Golay complementary sequence pairs.

[0134] In another possible design, N pilot symbols are partially generated based on Golay complementary sequence pairs. For example, N = 2P + 1, where P is a positive integer (i.e., N is an even number). Among the 2P pilot symbols, the Golay complementary sequences carried by every two adjacent pilot symbols constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, and the Golay complementary sequences carried by the 2P pilot symbols constitute exactly P Golay complementary sequence pairs.

[0135] The remaining pilot symbols, for example, N pilot symbols including the first pilot symbol, may be processed in any of the following ways:

[0136] Mode 1: The first pilot symbol carries a Gold sequence. In other words, the first pilot symbol is generated based on the Gold sequence (or the sequence carried by the first pilot symbol is generated based on the Gold sequence). The sequence carried by the first pilot symbol can be a Gold sequence or a variation of a Gold sequence.

[0137] As shown in (1) in FIG6D , the sequence G carried by the first pilot symbol is a Gold sequence.

[0138] Mode 2: The Golay complementary sequence carried by the first pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the previous or next adjacent pilot symbol form a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0139] As shown in (2) in FIG6D , sequence E and sequence F constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. Sequence G carried by the first pilot symbol can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair with sequence F carried by the previous adjacent pilot symbol.

[0140] It will be appreciated that FIG6D uses the example of the first pilot symbol being the last pilot symbol. The present invention is not limited thereto. The first pilot symbol may also be the first pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols, or a pilot symbol located elsewhere among the N pilot symbols. Furthermore, the number of first pilot symbols is not limited to one, but may be multiple.

[0141] In one possible design, multiple pilot symbols corresponding to the same antenna port among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0142] It can be understood that when all N pilot symbols correspond to one antenna port, multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0143] When N pilot symbols correspond to multiple antenna ports, for example, when some pilot symbols correspond to antenna port 1 and other pilot symbols correspond to multiple antenna ports, the multiple pilot symbols corresponding to the same antenna port are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair. The Golay complementary sequences carried by at least two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols do not necessarily constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, because different pilot symbols among the at least two adjacent pilot symbols may correspond to different antenna ports.

[0144] For example, as shown in Figure 6E, the Gray complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #1 is sequence A, the Gray complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #2 is sequence B, the Gray complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #3 is sequence C, and the Gray complementary sequence carried by pilot symbol #4 is sequence D; pilot symbol #1 and pilot symbol #3 correspond to Tianduan port 1, sequences A and C constitute a Gray complementary sequence pair, pilot symbol #2 and pilot symbol #4 correspond to Tianduan port 2, and sequences B and D constitute a Gray complementary sequence pair.

[0145] This design approach takes into account the situation of multiple antenna ports, and the solution is more applicable.

[0146] In one possible design, different pilot symbols in at least two pilot symbols generated based on the same Golay complementary sequence pair (or at least two pilot symbols carrying the Golay complementary sequence constituting the Golay complementary sequence pair) occupy the same frequency domain bandwidth.

[0147] For example, sequence A and sequence B form a Golay complementary sequence pair, and the first communication device generates pilot symbol #1 and pilot symbol #2 based on sequence A and sequence B respectively. Then, pilot symbol #1 and pilot symbol #2 occupy the same frequency domain bandwidth.

[0148] In this way, it is convenient for the receiving end of the pilot symbol (such as the second communication device) to perform (joint) channel estimation using the Golay complementary sequence pair, so as to improve the channel estimation quality.

[0149] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are within a time domain window (TDW). A TDW is a time block used for (joint) pilot enhancement processing. In other words, a pilot symbol receiver (e.g., a second communications device) can perform (joint) channel estimation on the pilot symbols within the TDW. There is no uplink / downlink switching within the TDW, and / or symbol transmission within the TDW meets phase and power continuity requirements.

[0150] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the granularity is TDW, and the sequence carried by the pilot symbols within the TDW can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, or in other words, the sequence carried by the pilot symbols within the same TDW is generated based on the Golay complementary sequence pair, as shown in FIG6F .

[0151] Optionally, the sequences carried by pilot symbols in different TDWs may not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0152] Optionally, the sequence carried by the pilot symbols within the TDW and the sequence carried by the pilot symbols outside the TDW may not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0153] Optionally, the sequences carried by the pilot symbols outside the TDW may not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0154] In some embodiments, the length of the TDW (or the number of pilot symbols in the TDW, ie, N) is pre-configured (such as agreed in a protocol) or configured through signaling, and is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0155] This design, which constrains pilot symbol generation within the TDW based on Golay complementary sequence pairs, is applicable to joint channel estimation scenarios. Since joint channel estimation inherently requires multiple pilot symbols, it avoids pilot overhead waste.

[0156] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are located on a first sub-block, and the first sub-block corresponds to a period of time domain and / or frequency domain resources.

[0157] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the sequences carried by pilot symbols within the same sub-block may constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. In other words, the sequences carried by pilot symbols within the same sub-block may be generated based on the Golay complementary sequence pair. Sequences carried by pilot symbols within different sub-blocks may not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0158] For example, as shown in FIG6G , sequences A and B carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 1 may constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, and sequences C and D carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 2 may constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. However, sequences A / B carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 1 and sequences C / D carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 2 may not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. Sequences A and B carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 3 may constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, and sequences C and D may constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. Sequences E and F carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 4 may constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair, and sequences D and H may constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair. Sequences A / B / C / D carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 3 and sequences E / F / G / H carried by the pilot symbols in sub-block 4 may not constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0159] It can be understood that the sub-block can also be replaced by other names that can correspond to a period of time domain and / or frequency domain resources, such as a time domain sub-window, etc., and this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0160] In some embodiments, the length of the sub-block (or the number of pilot symbols in the sub-block, ie, N) is pre-configured (such as agreed in the protocol) or configured through signaling, and the embodiments of the present application do not impose any restrictions.

[0161] This design method constrains the generation of pilot symbols within a sub-block to use Gray complementary sequence pairs, which makes the solution more flexible.

[0162] In one possible design, the sub-block is located within a TDW, as shown in Figure 6H. It is understood that a TDW may include one or more sub-blocks.

[0163] This design only constrains the generation of some pilot symbols within the TDW (ie, pilot symbols within a sub-block) to use Golay complementary sequence pairs, without constraining the pilot requirements of the entire TDW, thus balancing the number of available pilots and signal processing speed.

[0164] In one possible design, N pilot symbols are scheduled through one PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling; or, N pilot symbols are scheduled through N PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling respectively; or, N pilot symbols are scheduled through a PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling, where a is a positive integer less than N, and so on. This embodiment of the present application does not impose any restrictions.

[0165] The pilot transmission method on the first communication device side is introduced above, and the pilot transmission method on the second communication device side is introduced below.

[0166] Referring to Figure 7, an embodiment of the present application also provides a pilot transmission method. The method can be performed by a second communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "second communication device" in this application can refer to the second communication device itself (for example, the network device or terminal device shown in Figure 2), or a component in the second communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second communication device. The method includes:

[0167] S701. Acquire a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes N pilot symbols.

[0168] Multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair in the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0169] For the specific design of N pilot symbols, please refer to the relevant description on the first communication device side above, and the detailed description will not be repeated here.

[0170] S702: Perform channel estimation on N pilot symbols.

[0171] In some embodiments, the second communications device may perform channel estimation on each of the N pilots.

[0172] In some other embodiments, the second communications device may perform (joint) channel estimation on multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols.

[0173] Exemplarily, the processing flow of performing (joint) channel estimation on multiple pilot symbols among N pilot symbols by the second communication device may include:

[0174] 1. The second communication device obtains the signal sent by the first communication device, performs operations such as CP removal and IFFT, and obtains N pilot symbols;

[0175] 2. Perform (joint) channel estimation processing on at least two pilot symbols corresponding to the same Golay complementary sequence pair among the N pilot symbols (or at least two pilot symbols generated based on the same Golay complementary sequence pair, or at least two pilot symbols whose carried Golay complementary sequences can constitute a Golay complementary sequence pair);

[0176] 3. The second communication device extracts the channel estimation performance;

[0177] 4. The second communication device equalizes the symbols to obtain a recovered signal;

[0178] 5. Perform operations such as decoding on the recovered signal.

[0179] Taking the (joint) channel estimation process for two adjacent pilot signals as an example, as shown in FIG8 , the specific implementation method of the above step 2 can be as follows:

[0180] 1) The second communication device receives time-domain pilot symbols y1 and y2, which correspond to pilot symbols x1 and x2 that traveled through the channel to reach the receiver. The received signals can be expressed as: y1 = h⊙x1+n, y2 = h⊙x2+n, where ⊙ represents circular convolution and n is noise. The noise is subsequently ignored.

[0181] 2) Perform FFT on the time domain pilot symbols y1 and y2 to obtain the frequency domain received signal:

[0182] Y1=FFT(y1)=HX1; Y2=FFT(y2)=HX2;

[0183] Where X1 is the frequency domain signal of pilot symbol #1, and X2 is the frequency domain signal of pilot symbol #2. Pilot symbols #1 and #2 are generated by a pair of complementary Golay sequences (the generation process may involve zero padding, replication, multiplication by a pulse shaping filter, and other operations).

[0184] 3) Multiply Y1 and Y2 by the conjugate of the known signals X1 and X2 and add them:

[0185] X1*Y1+X2*Y1=X1*X1H+X2*X2H=AH;

[0186] Since X1 and X2 are generated by a Golay complementary sequence pair (such as A and B), the following properties apply to any subcarrier in the frequency domain:

[0187] X1(n)*X1(n)+X2(n)*X2(n)=A(n);

[0188] Where n represents the frequency domain subcarrier index. Generally speaking, if there is no zero padding, duplication, multiplication by a pulse shaping filter, or other operations, A(n) = 2 for any n. However, considering that other operations such as zero padding, duplication, and multiplication by a pulse shaping filter may have been performed, A(n) is not necessarily strictly equal to 2. Instead, it is considered by the second communication device to be the same as the coefficient A multiplied by the frequency domain data. In other words, for the data signal within the TDW, there is a frequency domain received signal:

[0189] Y3=AHX3;

[0190] Therefore, AH obtained by multiplying Y1 and Y2 by the conjugate of the known signals X1 and X2 and adding them together can be used to equalize Y3 to obtain the transmitted data signal X3.

[0191] 1) to 3) above are (joint) channel estimation processes based on one Golay complementary sequence pair. In practical applications, it is also possible to consider the possibility of multiple Golay complementary pairs, and perform (joint) channel estimation based on multiple Golay complementary sequence pairs, for example:

[0192] Case 1: If the Golay complementary sequence is [ABAB], and all A and B are the same, the processing flow can be:

[0193] First, sum A and B separately, and then obtain [A, B] and perform the above operation on a pair of Golay complementary sequences;

[0194] Case 2: If the Golay complementary sequence is [ABCD], different Golay complementary sequence pairs are different. The processing flow is:

[0195] First, each Golay complementary sequence pair is processed as above. For example, if [AB] is generated by a Golay complementary sequence pair, AH1 is obtained after processing; if [CD] is generated by a Golay complementary sequence pair, AH2 is obtained after processing. Subsequently, the two processing results (i.e., AH1 and AH2) are summed to obtain AH.

[0196] The processing complexity of Case 2 is higher. However, since the sequence correlation in Case 2 is weaker, the anti-interference ability may be stronger when considering the scenario where there is interference between different campuses.

[0197] In the above scheme, the pilot symbols received by the second communication device are generated based on the Golay complementary sequence pair, which has low PAPR and good flatness in the frequency domain, thereby improving the channel estimation quality. In addition, the above scheme can perform (joint) channel estimation processing based on the Golay complementary sequence pair, further improving the channel estimation quality.

[0198] The method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the device provided by the embodiment of the present application is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0199] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device 900, which can be, for example, a satellite, a base station, a terminal, or an access point, or a chip inside a satellite, a base station, a terminal, or an access point. The device 900 includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the method steps in the above method embodiments. The functions, units, or means can be implemented by software or hardware, or the corresponding software implementation can be executed by hardware.

[0200] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 9 , an apparatus 900 may include a processing module 901 and a transceiver module 902 .

[0201] When the apparatus 900 is located in the first communication device:

[0202] A processing module 901 is configured to generate N pilot symbols, wherein multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair in the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1;

[0203] The transceiver module 902 is configured to output N pilot symbols.

[0204] When the apparatus 900 is located in the second communication device:

[0205] [Corrected 01.11.2023 according to Rule 91] A transceiver module 902, configured to obtain a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes N pilot symbols, multiple pilot symbols of the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair of the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1;

[0206] [Corrected 01.11.2023 according to Rule 91] The processing module 901 is used to perform channel estimation on N pilot symbols.

[0207] It should be understood that all relevant contents of each step involved in the above method embodiment can be referred to the functional description of the corresponding functional module and will not be repeated here.

[0208] Based on the same technical concept, referring to FIG10 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 1000, including:

[0209] At least one processor 1001; and a communication interface 1003 communicatively connected to the at least one processor 1001; the at least one processor 1001 executes instructions stored in the memory 1002, so that the device performs the method steps in the above method embodiment through the communication interface 1003.

[0210] Optionally, the memory 1002 is located outside the device 1000 .

[0211] Optionally, the apparatus 1000 includes the memory 1002, which is connected to the at least one processor 1001 and stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 1001. FIG10 uses dashed lines to indicate that the memory 1002 is optional for the apparatus 1000.

[0212] The processor 1001 and the memory 1002 may be coupled via an interface circuit or may be integrated together, which is not limited here.

[0213] The specific connection medium between the processor 1001, memory 1002, and communication interface 1003 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In Figure 10, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and communication interface 1003 are connected via a bus 1004. The bus is represented by a bold line in Figure 10. The connection methods between other components are only for schematic illustration and are not limiting. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, only one bold line is used in Figure 10, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0214] The specific connection medium between the processor 1001, memory 1002, and communication interface 1003 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In Figure 10, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and communication interface 1003 are connected via a bus 1004. The bus is represented by a bold line in Figure 10. The connection methods between other components are only for schematic illustration and are not limiting. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, only one bold line is used in Figure 10, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0215] It should be understood that the processors mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that is implemented by reading software code stored in a memory.

[0216] Exemplarily, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0217] It should be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DR RAM).

[0218] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0219] It should be noted that the memory described herein is intended to include, but not be limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0220] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, including a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are run on a computer, the method in the above method embodiment is executed.

[0221] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, including instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the method in the above method embodiment to be executed.

[0222] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0223] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or box in the flow chart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the flow chart and / or box in the flow chart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device for implementing the functions specified in one or more flow charts and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0224] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0225] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

Claims

1. A pilot transmission method, characterized in that: include: Generate N pilot symbols; wherein a plurality of pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair in the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; The N pilot symbols are output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The Golay complementary sequences carried by at least two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols constitute the Golay complementary sequence pair.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The generation of multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols based on at least one Gray complementary sequence pair specifically includes: The multiple pilot symbols corresponding to the same antenna port among the N pilot symbols are generated based on the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol form a first Golay complementary sequence pair; The Golay complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)-th pilot symbol form a second Golay complementary sequence pair; The at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes the first Golay complementary sequence pair and the second Golay complementary sequence pair; and i is a positive integer.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol constitute a third Golay complementary sequence; The Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+2)th pilot symbol constitute a fourth Golay complementary sequence; The Golay complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)-th pilot symbol do not constitute the Golay complementary sequence pair; Wherein, i is a positive integer.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols also include a first pilot symbol; The first pilot symbol carries a Gold sequence; or, The Golay complementary sequence carried by the first pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the adjacent previous pilot symbol or the next pilot symbol constitute the Golay complementary sequence pair.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols are located on a first sub-block, and the first sub-block corresponds to a section of time domain and / or frequency domain resources.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols are within a time domain window TDW; There is no uplink or downlink switching in the TDW, and / or symbol transmission in the TDW meets the requirements of phase continuity and power continuity.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The N pilot symbols are scheduled through a physical downlink control channel PDCCH signaling or downlink control information DCI signaling; or, The N pilot symbols are scheduled respectively through N PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling; or, The N pilot symbols are scheduled through a PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling, where a is a positive integer less than N.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols correspond to the same antenna port.

11. A pilot transmission method, characterized in that: include: Acquire a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes N pilot symbols, multiple pilot symbols of the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Gray complementary sequence pair, each Gray complementary sequence pair of the at least one Gray complementary sequence pair includes at least two Gray complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; Channel estimation is performed on the N pilot symbols.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The Golay complementary sequences carried by at least two adjacent pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols constitute the Golay complementary sequence pair.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that The generation of multiple pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols based on at least one Gray complementary sequence pair specifically includes: The multiple pilot symbols corresponding to the same antenna port among the N pilot symbols are generated based on the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair.

14. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: The Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol form a first Golay complementary sequence pair; The Golay complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)-th pilot symbol form a second Golay complementary sequence pair; The at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes the first Golay complementary sequence pair and the second Golay complementary sequence pair; and i is a positive integer.

15. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that The Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i-1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i)th pilot symbol constitute a third Golay complementary sequence; The Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)th pilot symbol among the N pilot symbols and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+2)th pilot symbol constitute a fourth Golay complementary sequence; The Golay complementary sequence carried by the i-th pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the (i+1)-th pilot symbol do not constitute the Golay complementary sequence pair; Wherein, i is a positive integer.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols also include a first pilot symbol; The first pilot symbol carries a Gold sequence; or, The Golay complementary sequence carried by the first pilot symbol and the Golay complementary sequence carried by the adjacent previous pilot symbol or the next pilot symbol constitute the Golay complementary sequence pair.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols are located on a first sub-block, and the first sub-block corresponds to a section of time domain and / or frequency domain resources.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols are within a time domain window TDW; There is no uplink or downlink switching in the TDW, and / or symbol transmission in the TDW meets the requirements of phase continuity and power continuity.

19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols are scheduled through a physical downlink control channel PDCCH signaling or downlink control information DCI signaling; or, The N pilot symbols are scheduled respectively through N PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling; or, The N pilot symbols are scheduled through a PDCCH signaling or DCI signaling, where a is a positive integer less than N.

20. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that: The N pilot symbols correspond to the same antenna port.

21. A communication device, characterized in that: include: A processing module, configured to generate N pilot symbols; wherein a plurality of pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair in the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; The transceiver module is used to output the N pilot symbols.

22. A communication device, characterized in that: include: A transceiver module, configured to obtain a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes N pilot symbols, a plurality of pilot symbols among the N pilot symbols are generated based on at least one Golay complementary sequence pair, each Golay complementary sequence pair in the at least one Golay complementary sequence pair includes at least two Golay complementary sequences, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; A processing module is used to perform channel estimation on the N pilot symbols.

23. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is electrically coupled to the processor, and the processor causes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 to be executed through a logic circuit or by executing a code instruction, or causes the method according to any one of claims 11 to 20 to be executed.

24. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program or instruction. When the computer program or instruction is executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is executed, or the method according to any one of claims 11 to 20 is executed.

25. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 to be executed, or cause the method according to any one of claims 11 to 20 to be executed.

Images