Electrolyte layer preparation method, electrolyte layer, fuel cell, and battery assembly

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrolyte layer preparation method, an electrolyte layer, a fuel cell, and a battery assembly. The electrolyte layer preparation method comprises: mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride, to obtain a molten salt solvent; mixing zirconium nitrate and yttrium oxide, to obtain a reaction reagent; mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent, to obtain a spray powder; mixing the spray powder and a first solution to obtain an electrolyte suspension, the first solution at least comprising an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder being suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent being mutually dispersed; according to a first preset temperature, spraying the electrolyte suspension onto a support body, so as to form a target electrolyte layer on the support body.

Description

Preparation method of electrolyte layer, electrolyte layer, fuel cell and battery assembly

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on September 26, 2023, with application number 202311271658.1 and invention name “Method for preparing electrolyte layer, electrolyte layer, fuel cell and battery assembly”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery preparation, and in particular to a method for preparing an electrolyte layer, the electrolyte layer, a fuel cell and a battery assembly. Background Art

[0003] In the process of spraying the electrolyte layer of solid oxide fuel cells, the thermal spraying process has stringent requirements and often requires post-processing to improve performance. The process is complex and difficult to control, the cost is high, and it is difficult to prepare a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for preparing an electrolyte layer.

[0006] Specifically, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an electrolyte layer is provided, which includes: mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride to obtain a molten salt solvent; mixing zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide to obtain a reaction reagent; mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent to obtain a spray powder; mixing the spray powder and a first solution to obtain an electrolyte suspension, wherein the first solution includes at least an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are dispersed with each other; and spraying the electrolyte suspension onto a support body according to a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support body.

[0008] In this technical solution, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed to obtain a molten salt solvent; zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed to obtain a reaction reagent; the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent are mixed to obtain a spray powder; the spray powder and the first solution are mixed to obtain an electrolyte suspension, the first solution at least includes an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are dispersed with each other; the electrolyte suspension is sprayed onto a support at a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support, and the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is prepared by the molten salt method, which can simplify the process control of the spray preparation of the electrolyte layer, and does not require post-processing to improve the density and conductivity of the electrolyte film, which is different from the traditional sintering method. Compared with the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the present invention, the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the present invention has a high compatibility with organic solvents, and the formed electrolyte suspension is more suitable as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process, so it has higher applicability to various application occasions, thereby allowing the micro-nano-sized yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder to be melted into droplets and uniformly deposited on the support to form a target electrolyte layer. While ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, the liquid phase spraying method only takes 30 to 50 seconds, which is much less than the single-piece electrolyte layer cycle of 40 to 48 hours prepared by the traditional sintering process, thereby significantly reducing the preparation cycle of the electrolyte layer and reducing the process cost of spraying the electrolyte layer of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0009] In some technical solutions of the present invention, mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride to obtain a molten salt solvent includes: mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride according to a first preset ratio to obtain a molten salt solvent, where the first preset ratio is a molar ratio of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride.

[0010] In this technical solution, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed according to a first preset ratio. The resulting molten salt solvent can ensure that the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the molten salt method has sufficient metal cations and anions, while lowering the melting point during the electrolysis process. Compared with actinide and lanthanide metals or alloys, it has less corrosion to the structure, thereby ensuring a dense electrolyte layer and ensuring the conductivity requirements of the electrolyte layer, eliminating the step of post-processing to improve performance, reducing process processing time, and saving process costs.

[0011] In some technical solutions of the present invention, in the first preset ratio, the molar ratio of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride is between 1:1:1 and 3:4:5.

[0012] In this technical solution, by controlling the molar ratio of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride between 1:1:1 and 3:4:5, the prepared molten salt reagent can be guaranteed to form a low eutectic point, which can save energy, realize the preparation of medium- and low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, reduce the process cost of the electrolyte layer, and facilitate large-scale continuous production. At the same time, lithium, sodium, and potassium are all alkali metals and have similar structures. This can ensure the physical and chemical properties of the molten salt reagent formed by the miscible multiple metal salts, improve the mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer, and meet the performance requirements of the electrolyte layer such as mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal shock resistance, forming a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0013] In some technical solutions of the present invention, zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed to obtain a reaction reagent, which includes: mixing zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide according to a second preset ratio to obtain a reaction reagent, where the second preset ratio is the molar ratio of zirconium nitrate to yttrium trioxide.

[0014] In this technical solution, zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed to prepare a reaction reagent according to a second preset ratio, which can reasonably control the components and facilitate the preparation of yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder by the molten salt method, thereby meeting the stoichiometric ratio of the electrolyte material. In the subsequent heating and insulation process, the nitrate is decomposed to ensure the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, thereby obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0015] In some technical solutions of the present invention, in the second preset ratio, the molar ratio of zirconium nitrate to yttrium oxide is 100:4.

[0016] In this technical solution, the molar ratio of zirconium nitrate to yttrium trioxide is 100:4, which can ensure the ratio of yttrium and zirconium elements in the stabilizer yttrium trioxide and zirconium dioxide powder, thereby obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer, improving the mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer, and ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance of the electrolyte layer. Performance requirements.

[0017] In some technical solutions of the present invention, mixing a molten salt solvent and a reaction reagent to obtain a spray powder includes: mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent in a mixer to obtain a first mixture; sintering the first mixture to obtain a second powder; and washing the second powder to obtain a spray powder. The mass ratio of the molten salt solvent to the reaction reagent is preferably (2.5-4):1.

[0018] In this technical solution, a molten salt solvent and a reaction reagent are mixed in a mixer to obtain a first mixture, the first mixture is sintered to obtain a second powder, and the second powder is cleaned by precipitation separation to obtain a spray powder. This technical solution can reasonably control the mixing process, ensure the mixing effect, remove adsorbed gas and volatilize water, reduce the pore size and the number of pores, increase the density of the sintered body, remove impurities, and obtain micro-nano-level yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby facilitating the spatial arrangement of the electrolyte layer in the solid oxide fuel cell and improving the space utilization rate of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0019] In some technical solutions of the present invention, mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent on a mixer to obtain a first mixture includes: running the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent on the mixer at a first preset speed for a first preset time at a second preset temperature to obtain the first mixture.

[0020] In this technical solution, the ratio between the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent can be specifically 1:2. By limiting the second preset temperature, the first preset speed and the first preset time, the mixing effect of the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent is guaranteed, so that the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent can be fully mixed, thereby ensuring the subsequent physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, and obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0021] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the second preset temperature is greater than or equal to 90 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 120 degrees Celsius; the first preset speed is greater than or equal to 100 revolutions per minute and less than or equal to 120 revolutions per minute; and the first preset time is greater than or equal to 2 hours and less than or equal to 10 hours.

[0022] In this technical solution, the second preset temperature is set to greater than or equal to 90 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 120 degrees Celsius, the first preset speed is set to greater than or equal to 100 revolutions per minute and less than or equal to 120 revolutions per minute, and the first preset time is set to greater than or equal to 2 hours and less than or equal to 10 hours. This can reasonably control the mixing process, thereby obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer that meets the mechanical strength, toughness, thermal shock resistance and other performance requirements of the electrolyte layer.

[0023] In some technical solutions of the present invention, sintering the first mixture to obtain the second powder includes: placing the first mixture in a preset container and sealing it; and performing a heat preservation treatment on the preset container at a third preset temperature for a second preset time to obtain the second powder.

[0024] In this technical solution, the first mixture is placed in a preset container and sealed. The atmosphere in the container is air. The preset container is subjected to a heat preservation treatment at a third preset temperature for a second preset time to obtain a second powder. This can prevent external impurities from entering during the sintering process and affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer and obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0025] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the preset container includes at least: an alumina ceramic jar and a zirconia ceramic jar.

[0026] In this technical solution, the pre-set containers include at least an alumina ceramic tank and a zirconia ceramic tank. These tanks do not react with the mixed materials. This ensures that the physical and mechanical properties of the yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder are maintained through sintering and heat preservation, meeting the mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal shock resistance requirements of the electrolyte layer, resulting in a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0027] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the third preset temperature is greater than or equal to 750 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 950 degrees Celsius; the second preset time is greater than or equal to 4 hours and less than or equal to 20 hours.

[0028] In this technical solution, the third preset temperature is set to be greater than or equal to 750 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 950 degrees Celsius, and the second preset time is set to be greater than or equal to 4 hours and less than or equal to 20 hours. The sintering and heat preservation treatment can be controlled by the third preset temperature and the second preset time to ensure the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, and obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0029] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the first solution includes at least an organic solvent, an inorganic solvent and a dispersant; the dispersant includes ethyl cellulose, fish oil and isopropyl alcohol.

[0030] In this technical solution, the organic solvent and inorganic solvent in the first solution are mutually soluble, and the spray powder and inorganic solvent are mutually dispersed. The dispersant allows the spray powder to be suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, ensuring the stability of the spray powder and facilitating subsequent plasma spraying. The yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is highly compatible with the organic solvent, and the resulting electrolyte suspension is more suitable as a suspending slurry used in the plasma spray process, making it more applicable to a variety of applications.

[0031] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the organic solvent is ethanol; and the inorganic solvent is water.

[0032] In this technical solution, ethanol and water are miscible, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, and the spray powder and water are mutually dispersed. The dispersant can ensure that the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, thereby ensuring the stability of the spray powder. It can then be used as a suspended slurry used in the plasma spraying process to meet the use requirements of various application occasions.

[0033] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the weight percentage ratio of ethanol, water, ethyl cellulose, fish oil and isopropanol is: 93:5:1:0.8:0.2.

[0034] In this technical solution, by controlling the weight percentage ratio of ethanol, water, ethyl cellulose, fish oil and isopropyl alcohol, and rationally controlling the proportion of organic solvent, inorganic solvent and dispersant, it is ensured that the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, thereby ensuring the stable suspension effect of the spray powder, and then serving as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process, it can meet the use requirements of various application occasions.

[0035] In some technical solutions of the present invention, spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support according to a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support includes: plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension according to the first preset temperature to form electrolyte molten droplets of sprayed powder; blowing the electrolyte molten droplets onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support.

[0036] In this technical solution, the electrolyte suspension is plasma sprayed according to a first preset temperature to form electrolyte molten droplets of sprayed powder, and the electrolyte molten droplets are blown onto a support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support, which can accelerate the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension to form yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano scale size, and blow the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano scale size onto the support to form a uniform, stable, thin and dense electrolyte layer, thereby ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer, and ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance and other performance requirements of the electrolyte layer.

[0037] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the first preset temperature is greater than 10,000 degrees Celsius.

[0038] In this technical solution, the central temperature of the plasma flame exceeds 10,000 degrees Celsius, thereby ensuring the volatilization and combustion speed of organic matter and shortening the preparation time of the target electrolyte layer.

[0039] In some technical solutions of the present invention, plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension at a first preset temperature to form electrolyte molten droplets of sprayed powder includes: plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension at a preset voltage and a preset current to form electrolyte molten droplets.

[0040] In this technical solution, the electrolyte suspension is plasma sprayed at a preset voltage and a preset current, which can control the plasma spraying process while ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the formed electrolyte molten droplets.

[0041] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the preset voltage is greater than or equal to 50 volts and less than or equal to 90 volts; the preset current is greater than or equal to 40 amperes and less than or equal to 670 amperes.

[0042] In this technical solution, the preset voltage is set to be greater than or equal to 50 volts and less than or equal to 90 volts, and the preset current is set to be greater than or equal to 40 amps and less than or equal to 670 amps, which can control the plasma spraying process and ensure the physical and mechanical properties of the formed electrolyte molten droplets.

[0043] In some technical solutions of the present invention, plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension at a preset voltage and a preset current to form electrolyte molten droplets includes: transporting the electrolyte suspension at a preset pressure and a preset speed for a preset distance, and plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension transported the preset distance to form electrolyte molten droplets.

[0044] In this technical solution, by controlling the preset pressure, preset speed and preset distance, the spraying efficiency, porosity and bonding strength of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder can be guaranteed, thereby reducing the time the sprayed ions pass through the plasma flame, ensuring that the ions reach the semi-molten state or plastic state required for deformation, ensuring the bonding strength, density and hardness of the electrolyte layer, ensuring the deposition rate, avoiding the formation of large voids, and affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer.

[0045] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the preset pressure is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 60 MPa; the preset speed is greater than or equal to 20 mg per minute and less than or equal to 30 mg per minute; and the preset distance is greater than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 30 cm.

[0046] In this technical solution, the preset pressure is set to be greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 60 MPa, the preset speed is set to be greater than or equal to 20 mg per minute and less than or equal to 30 mg per minute, and the preset distance is set to be greater than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 30 cm. This can ensure that the powder supply speed matches the powder supply pressure, ensure spraying efficiency, avoid severe oxidation of yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, and avoid excessive temperature rise of the substrate, oxidation of the substrate and the electrolyte layer, affecting the formation of the electrolyte layer, and ensure that the electrolyte layer is flat and has good physical and mechanical properties.

[0047] In some technical solutions of the present invention, an electrolyte suspension is transported at a preset pressure and a preset speed for a preset distance, and the electrolyte suspension transported for the preset distance is subjected to plasma spraying treatment to form electrolyte molten droplets, which includes: transporting a first gas at a first flow rate to accelerate the combustion and volatilization of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension transported for the preset distance to form electrolyte molten droplets.

[0048] In this technical solution, the first gas is transported at a first flow rate, which can accelerate the combustion and volatilization of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension, thereby obtaining yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano size, ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance requirements of the electrolyte layer, while forming a uniform, dense and stable thin electrolyte layer to meet the use requirements of various application scenarios.

[0049] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the first flow rate is greater than or equal to 10 liters per minute and less than or equal to 35 liters per minute; and the first gas is oxygen.

[0050] In this technical solution, the first flow rate is set to be greater than or equal to 10 liters per minute and less than or equal to 35 liters per minute, which can reasonably control the combustion and volatilization rate of organic matter. The first gas is set to oxygen. On the one hand, oxygen is easy to produce and has low cost. On the other hand, oxygen has good combustion properties, thereby ensuring smooth spraying.

[0051] In some technical solutions of the present invention, blowing molten electrolyte droplets onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support includes: blowing a second gas at a second flow rate to blow the molten electrolyte droplets onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support.

[0052] In this technical solution, blowing the second gas at a second flow rate can ensure the thermal enthalpy and flow rate of the plasma flame flow, thereby ensuring the spraying efficiency, the porosity and bonding strength of the electrolyte layer, so that the molten electrolyte droplets are blown onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support, ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance of the electrolyte layer. Performance requirements form a uniform, dense and stable thin electrolyte layer to meet the use requirements of various application scenarios.

[0053] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the second flow rate is greater than or equal to 20 liters per minute and less than or equal to 100 liters per minute; and the second gas is argon or nitrogen.

[0054] In this technical solution, nitrogen and argon can be reasonably selected based on whether they react with the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder to produce nitridation and the cost. Setting the second flow rate to greater than or equal to 20 liters per minute and less than or equal to 100 liters per minute can ensure the spraying efficiency, porosity and bonding strength of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby reducing the time the sprayed ions pass through the plasma flame, ensuring that the ions reach the semi-molten state or plastic state required for deformation, and then ensuring the bonding strength, density and hardness of the electrolyte layer, ensuring the deposition rate, avoiding the formation of large voids, and affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer.

[0055] In some technical solutions of the present invention, spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support body according to a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support body includes: flame spraying the electrolyte suspension, and spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support body to form a target electrolyte layer on the support body.

[0056] In this technical solution, flame spraying can also melt the electrolyte suspension to form micro-nano-sized yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby forming a uniform, dense, and stable thin electrolyte layer to meet the usage requirements of various application scenarios.

[0057] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the support body is nickel oxide, and the thickness of the nickel oxide is greater than or equal to 200 microns and less than or equal to 450 microns.

[0058] In this technical solution, the support body is set to nickel oxide so that the support body does not react with the electrolyte layer. At the same time, the thickness of the nickel oxide is set to be greater than or equal to 200 microns and less than or equal to 450 microns. This can ensure that the micro-nano-sized yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is evenly deposited on the nickel oxide, ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, and meeting the use needs of various application scenarios.

[0059] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrolyte layer, which is manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electrolyte layer according to the first aspect.

[0060] The electrolyte layer of the present invention is made by the preparation method of the electrolyte layer of the first aspect, and has all the beneficial effects of the first aspect or any possible implementation method of the first aspect, which will not be described in detail here.

[0061] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell is provided. The fuel cell comprises: a cathode; an anode; and the electrolyte layer of the second aspect, wherein the electrolyte layer is located between the cathode and the anode.

[0062] The fuel cell of the present invention comprises a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte layer of the second aspect. The electrolyte layer is between the cathode and the anode and has all the beneficial effects of the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a battery assembly is provided, comprising: a housing; and at least one fuel cell according to the third aspect, wherein the fuel cell is located within the housing.

[0064] The battery assembly of the present invention includes a shell and at least one fuel cell of the third aspect. The shell can provide installation space for the fuel cell and protect the fuel cell. The fuel cell is located in the shell and has all the beneficial effects of the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0065] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the shell is a hollow structure with a circular or rectangular cross-section.

[0066] In this technical solution, the cross-section of the shell is a circular or rectangular hollow structure, which can provide installation space for the fuel cell.

[0067] The technical solution provided by the present invention brings at least the following beneficial effects: sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed to obtain a molten salt solvent; zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed to obtain a reaction reagent; the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent are mixed to obtain a spray powder; the spray powder and a first solution are mixed to obtain an electrolyte suspension, the first solution at least includes an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are mutually dispersed; the electrolyte suspension is sprayed onto a support according to a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support, and yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is prepared by a molten salt method, which simplifies the process control of spraying the electrolyte layer, and does not require post-processing to improve the density and conductivity of the electrolyte film. Compared with the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the traditional sintering method, the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the present invention has a high compatibility with organic solvents, and the formed electrolyte suspension is more suitable as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process, thereby having higher applicability to various application occasions, thereby allowing the micro-nano-sized yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder to be melted into droplets and uniformly deposited on the support to form a target electrolyte layer. While ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, the liquid phase spraying method only takes 30 to 50 seconds, which is much less than the single-piece electrolyte layer cycle of 40 to 48 hours prepared by the traditional sintering process, thereby significantly reducing the preparation cycle of the electrolyte layer and reducing the process cost of spraying the electrolyte layer of the solid oxide fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0069] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0070] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing an electrolyte layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] FIG2 is a second flow chart of a method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] FIG3 is a third flow chart of a method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] FIG4 is a fourth flow chart of a method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] FIG5 is a structural block diagram of a fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] FIG6 is a structural block diagram of a battery assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0077] 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an electrolyte layer, the method comprising:

[0078] S102, mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride to obtain a molten salt solvent;

[0079] Low-melting-point sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride metal salts are used as reaction media for molten salt synthesis. When a liquid phase appears during the molten salt synthesis process, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride have a certain solubility in the liquid phase, which can accelerate the diffusion rate of ions, enable the reactants to achieve atomic-scale mixing in the liquid phase, and convert the solid-solid reaction into a solid-liquid reaction. Compared with traditional solid-phase mixing, the process is simple, the synthesis temperature is low, the insulation time is short, the synthesized powder has uniform chemical composition, good crystal morphology, and high phase purity. At the same time, the salt is easy to separate and can be reused, which can reduce the process cost of spraying the electrolyte layer of solid oxide fuel cells, and at the same time simplify the process control of the plasma jet temperature and speed, increasing the substrate preheating temperature and reducing the powder particle size during the spraying process, thereby enabling the preparation of a thin and dense electrolyte layer through a simple process and at a lower cost.

[0080] S104, mixing zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide to obtain a reaction reagent;

[0081] Mixing zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide can facilitate subsequent mixing with a molten salt reagent to obtain a single crystal zirconium dioxide substrate for a high-temperature superconducting thin film. Adding a stabilizer for yttrium trioxide to the zirconium dioxide gives it good mechanical and chemical properties. At the same time, it is low in price and easy to prepare, which can reduce the process cost of spraying the electrolyte layer of solid oxide fuel cells.

[0082] S106, mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent to obtain a spray powder;

[0083] Yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is prepared by the molten salt method and mixed with reaction reagents to obtain a yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder. Compared with traditional atmospheric plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, low-pressure plasma spraying, vacuum plasma spraying, plasma physical vapor deposition and vacuum cold spraying methods, no post-processing is required to improve the density and conductivity of the electrolyte film. On the one hand, the post-processing process is cumbersome and difficult to maintain stability, and the preparation cost is high. The molten salt method for preparing yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder can reduce the process cost of preparing the electrolyte layer; on the other hand, the molten salt method for preparing yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder requires less time than post-processing, which can greatly shorten the preparation cycle of the electrolyte layer and facilitate the continuous production and large-scale production of the electrolyte layer.

[0084] S108, mixing the spray powder and the first solution to obtain an electrolyte suspension, wherein the first solution includes at least an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are dispersed in each other;

[0085] The spray powder is mixed with the first solution to obtain an electrolyte suspension. The first solution contains an organic solvent, an inorganic solvent, and a dispersant. The organic solvent and the inorganic solvent are mutually soluble, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are mutually dispersed. The dispersant can suspend the spray powder in the organic solvent without stratification, thereby ensuring the stability of the spray powder and facilitating subsequent plasma spraying. Compared with the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the traditional sintering method, the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the present invention has a high compatibility with the organic solvent, and the formed electrolyte suspension is more suitable as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process, thereby having a higher applicability to various applications.

[0086] S110 , spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support at a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support.

[0087] Through the treatment of the first preset temperature, the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the suspension during the spraying process can be accelerated, so that the micro-nano-sized yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is melted into droplets and evenly deposited on the support to form the target electrolyte layer. The liquid phase spraying method only takes 30 to 50 seconds, which is much shorter than the single-piece electrolyte layer preparation cycle of 40 to 48 hours using the traditional sintering process. Therefore, the preparation cycle of the electrolyte layer can be greatly reduced, which is conducive to the large-scale continuous production of the electrolyte layer.

[0088] Sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed to obtain a molten salt solvent, which can simplify the process control of spraying the electrolyte layer of the solid oxide fuel cell and reduce the process cost of spraying the electrolyte layer; zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed to obtain a reaction reagent, which can obtain a single crystal substrate zirconium dioxide with good mechanical and chemical properties of a high-temperature superconducting thin film, which is low in price and easy to prepare, and can further reduce the process cost of spraying the electrolyte layer; the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent are mixed to obtain a spray powder, which does not require post-processing to improve the density and conductivity of the electrolyte film compared with traditional atmospheric plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, low-pressure plasma spraying, vacuum plasma spraying, plasma physical vapor deposition and vacuum cold spraying methods, reduces the process cost, reduces the process steps and shortens the preparation cycle of the electrolyte layer; the spray powder and the first solution are mixed, An electrolyte suspension is obtained, wherein the first solution includes at least an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are mutually dispersed, so that the spray powder can be suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, thereby ensuring the stability of the spray powder, so that it can be used as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process, and improve its applicability to various application occasions; according to the first preset temperature, the electrolyte suspension is sprayed onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support, which can accelerate the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the suspension during the spraying process, thereby causing the micro-nano-sized yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder to be melted into droplets and uniformly deposited on the support to form the target electrolyte layer. The liquid phase spraying method only takes 30 to 50 seconds, which is much less than the single-piece electrolyte layer cycle of 40 to 48 hours prepared by the traditional sintering process, thereby greatly reducing the preparation cycle of the electrolyte layer, which is conducive to large-scale continuous production of the electrolyte layer.

[0089] In this embodiment, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed to obtain a molten salt solvent; zirconium nitrate and yttrium oxide are mixed to obtain a reaction reagent; the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent are mixed to obtain a spray powder; the spray powder and a first solution are mixed to obtain an electrolyte suspension, the first solution at least includes an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are dispersed with each other; the electrolyte suspension is sprayed onto a support at a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support, and yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is prepared by a molten salt method, which can simplify the process control of spraying to prepare the electrolyte layer, and does not require post-processing to improve the density and conductivity of the electrolyte film, which is different from the traditional sintering method. Compared with the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the present invention, the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the present invention has a high compatibility with organic solvents, and the formed electrolyte suspension is more suitable as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process, so it has higher applicability to various application occasions, thereby allowing the micro-nano-sized yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder to be melted into droplets, which are uniformly deposited on the support to form a target electrolyte layer, while ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer. At the same time, the liquid phase spraying method only takes 30 to 50 seconds, which is much less than the single-piece electrolyte layer cycle of 40 to 48 hours prepared by the traditional sintering process, thereby significantly reducing the preparation cycle of the electrolyte layer and reducing the process cost of spraying the electrolyte layer of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present invention, mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride to obtain a molten salt solvent includes: mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride according to a first preset ratio to obtain a molten salt solvent, wherein the first preset ratio is a molar ratio of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride.

[0091] In this embodiment, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed according to a first preset ratio, and the resulting molten salt solvent can ensure that the yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder prepared by the molten salt method has sufficient metal cations and anions, while lowering the melting point during the electrolysis process. Compared with actinide and lanthanide metals or alloys, the corrosion to the structure is smaller, thereby ensuring that a dense electrolyte layer is obtained, ensuring the conductivity requirements of the electrolyte layer, eliminating the step of post-processing to improve performance, reducing process processing time, and saving process costs.

[0092] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the first preset ratio, the molar ratio of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride is between 1:1:1 and 3:4:5.

[0093] In this embodiment, by controlling the molar ratio of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride between 1:1:1 and 3:4:5, the prepared molten salt reagent can be ensured to form a low eutectic point, which can save energy, realize the preparation of medium and low temperature solid oxide fuel cells, reduce the process cost of the electrolyte layer, and facilitate large-scale continuous production. At the same time, lithium, sodium, and potassium are all alkaline metals and have similar structures. This can ensure the physical and chemical properties of the molten salt reagent formed by the miscible multiple metal salts, improve the mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer, and meet the performance requirements of the electrolyte layer such as mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal shock resistance, forming a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0094] It is understandable that the present invention does not impose strict restrictions on the molar ratio of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride. Under the condition that the preparation requirements are met, a reasonable selection can be made according to actual process needs.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present invention, zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed to obtain a reaction reagent, which includes: mixing zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide according to a second preset ratio to obtain a reaction reagent, wherein the second preset ratio is a molar ratio of zirconium nitrate to yttrium trioxide.

[0096] In this embodiment, zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed according to a second preset ratio to prepare a reaction reagent, which can reasonably control the components and facilitate the preparation of yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder by a molten salt method, thereby meeting the stoichiometric ratio of the electrolyte material. In the subsequent heating and insulation process, the nitrate is decomposed to ensure the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, thereby obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0097] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the second preset ratio, the molar ratio of zirconium nitrate to yttrium oxide is 100:4.

[0098] In this embodiment, the molar ratio of zirconium nitrate to yttrium trioxide is 100:4, thereby ensuring the ratio of yttrium and zirconium elements in the stabilizer yttrium trioxide and zirconium dioxide powder, thereby obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer, improving the mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer, and ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance of the electrolyte layer. Performance requirements.

[0099] 2 , in some embodiments of the present invention, mixing a molten salt solvent and a reaction reagent to obtain a spray powder includes:

[0100] S202, mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent in a mixer to obtain a first mixture;

[0101] Mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagents in a mixer can ensure the mixing effect of the mixture and facilitate the reasonable control of the mixing process, thereby ensuring that a thin and dense electrolyte layer is obtained in the subsequent spraying process.

[0102] S204, sintering the first mixed material to obtain a second powder;

[0103] Sintering the first mixture to remove adsorbed gas and volatilize moisture can transform the aggregates of powder particles into agglomerates of grains, reduce the pore size and the number of pores, increase the density of the sintered body, and improve the physical and mechanical properties of the prepared second powder.

[0104] S206: Clean the second powder to obtain spray powder.

[0105] The second powder obtained by sintering is cleaned to remove impurities, and micro-nano-level yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder can be obtained through steps such as centrifugation, filtration, and drying, thereby facilitating the spatial arrangement of the electrolyte layer in the solid oxide fuel cell and improving the space utilization rate of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0106] In this embodiment, the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent are mixed in a mixer to obtain a first mixture, the first mixture is sintered to obtain a second powder, and the second powder is cleaned to obtain a spray powder. The mixing process can be reasonably controlled to ensure the mixing effect, remove adsorbed gas and volatilize water, reduce the pore size and the number of pores, increase the density of the sintered body, remove impurities, and obtain micro-nano level yttrium trioxide stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby facilitating the spatial arrangement of the electrolyte layer in the solid oxide fuel cell and improving the space utilization of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0107] In some embodiments of the present invention, mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent on a mixer to obtain a first mixture includes: running the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent on the mixer at a first preset speed for a first preset time at a second preset temperature to obtain the first mixture.

[0108] In this embodiment, the mixing effect of the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent is ensured by limiting the second preset temperature, the first preset rotation speed and the first preset time, so that the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent can be fully mixed, thereby ensuring the subsequent physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, and obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0109] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second preset temperature is greater than or equal to 90 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 120 degrees Celsius; the first preset speed is greater than or equal to 100 revolutions per minute and less than or equal to 120 revolutions per minute; and the first preset time is greater than or equal to 2 hours and less than or equal to 10 hours.

[0110] In this embodiment, the second preset temperature is set to be greater than or equal to 90 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 120 degrees Celsius, the first preset speed is set to be greater than or equal to 100 revolutions per minute and less than or equal to 120 revolutions per minute, and the first preset time is set to be greater than or equal to 2 hours and less than or equal to 10 hours. The mixing process can be reasonably controlled to obtain a thin and dense electrolyte layer that meets the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer.

[0111] 3 , in some embodiments of the present invention, sintering the first mixed material to obtain the second powder includes:

[0112] S302, placing the first mixed material in a preset container and sealing it;

[0113] Placing the first mixed material in a preset container and sealing it can prevent external impurities from entering during the sintering process and affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder.

[0114] S304 , performing heat preservation treatment on the preset container at a third preset temperature for a second preset time to obtain a second powder.

[0115] The heat preservation treatment of the second powder is controlled by the third preset temperature and the second preset time, thereby ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, and obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0116] In this embodiment, the first mixture is placed in a preset container and sealed, and the preset container is subjected to a heat preservation treatment at a third preset temperature for a second preset time to obtain a second powder. This can prevent external impurities from entering during the sintering process and affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer and obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0117] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preset container includes at least: an alumina ceramic jar and a zirconia ceramic jar.

[0118] In this embodiment, the pre-set containers include at least an alumina ceramic jar and a zirconia ceramic jar. The alumina and zirconia ceramic jars do not react with the mixed material. Thus, through sintering and heat preservation, the physical and mechanical properties of the yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder are guaranteed, meeting the mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal shock resistance requirements of the electrolyte layer, resulting in a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0119] It is understandable that the preset container can be reasonably selected according to actual process requirements, and the present invention does not strictly limit the material and type of the preset container.

[0120] In some embodiments of the present invention, the third preset temperature is greater than or equal to 750 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 950 degrees Celsius; the second preset time is greater than or equal to 4 hours and less than or equal to 20 hours.

[0121] In this embodiment, the third preset temperature is set to be greater than or equal to 750 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 950 degrees Celsius, and the second preset time is set to be greater than or equal to 4 hours and less than or equal to 20 hours. The sintering and heat preservation treatment can be controlled by the third preset temperature and the second preset time to ensure the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, and obtaining a thin and dense electrolyte layer.

[0122] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first solution includes at least an organic solvent, an inorganic solvent, and a dispersant; and the dispersant includes ethyl cellulose, fish oil, and isopropyl alcohol.

[0123] In this embodiment, the organic solvent and inorganic solvent in the first solution are mutually soluble, the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are mutually dispersed, and the dispersant allows the spray powder to be suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, ensuring the stability of the spray powder and facilitating subsequent plasma spraying. The yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is highly compatible with the organic solvent, and the resulting electrolyte suspension is more suitable as a suspension slurry used in plasma spraying processes, making it more applicable to a variety of applications.

[0124] In some embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvent is ethanol; and the inorganic solvent is water.

[0125] In this embodiment, ethanol and water are miscible, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, and the spray powder and water are mutually dispersed. The dispersant can ensure that the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, thereby ensuring the stability of the spray powder, and then serving as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process, meeting the use requirements of various application occasions.

[0126] In some embodiments of the present invention, the weight percentage ratio of ethanol, water, ethyl cellulose, fish oil and isopropyl alcohol is: 93:5:1:0.8:0.2.

[0127] In this embodiment, by controlling the weight percentage ratio of ethanol, water, ethyl cellulose, fish oil and isopropyl alcohol, the proportions of organic solvent, inorganic solvent and dispersant are reasonably controlled to ensure that the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent without stratification, thereby ensuring a stable suspension effect of the spray powder, and then serving as a suspension slurry used in the plasma spraying process to meet the use requirements of various application scenarios.

[0128] 4 , in some embodiments of the present invention, spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support at a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support includes:

[0129] S402, performing plasma spraying on the electrolyte suspension at a first preset temperature to form electrolyte melt droplets of spray powder;

[0130] By controlling the first preset temperature, the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension can be accelerated, thereby forming yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano size;

[0131] S404 , blowing the molten electrolyte droplets onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support.

[0132] Yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano size is blown onto the support to form a uniform, stable, thin and dense electrolyte layer on the support, ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer, and ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance of the electrolyte layer.

[0133] In this embodiment, the electrolyte suspension is plasma sprayed according to a first preset temperature to form electrolyte molten droplets of sprayed powder, and the electrolyte molten droplets are blown onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support, which can accelerate the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension to form yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano scale size, and blow the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano scale size onto the support to form a uniform, stable, thin and dense electrolyte layer, thereby ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer, and ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance and other performance requirements of the electrolyte layer.

[0134] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first preset temperature is greater than 10,000 degrees Celsius.

[0135] In this embodiment, the center temperature of the plasma flame exceeds 10,000 degrees Celsius, thereby ensuring the speed of volatilization and combustion of organic matter and shortening the preparation time of the target electrolyte layer.

[0136] In some embodiments of the present invention, plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension at a first preset temperature to form electrolyte molten droplets of sprayed powder includes: plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension at a preset voltage and a preset current to form electrolyte molten droplets.

[0137] In this embodiment, the electrolyte suspension is plasma sprayed at a preset voltage and a preset current, so that the plasma spraying process can be controlled while ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the formed electrolyte molten droplets.

[0138] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preset voltage is greater than or equal to 50 volts and less than or equal to 90 volts; the preset current is greater than or equal to 40 amperes and less than or equal to 670 amperes.

[0139] In this embodiment, the preset voltage is set to be greater than or equal to 50 volts and less than or equal to 90 volts, and the preset current is set to be greater than or equal to 40 amps and less than or equal to 670 amps, so that the plasma spraying process can be controlled to ensure the physical and mechanical properties of the formed electrolyte molten droplets.

[0140] It is understandable that the present invention does not impose strict restrictions on the preset voltage and the preset current, and the preset voltage and the preset current can be flexibly set based on process requirements and actual needs.

[0141] In some embodiments of the present invention, plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension at a preset voltage and a preset current to form electrolyte molten droplets includes: conveying the electrolyte suspension at a preset pressure and a preset speed for a preset distance, and plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension conveyed the preset distance to form electrolyte molten droplets.

[0142] In this embodiment, by controlling the preset pressure, preset speed and preset distance, the spraying efficiency, porosity and bonding strength of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder can be guaranteed, thereby reducing the time the sprayed ions pass through the plasma flame, ensuring that the ions reach the semi-molten state or plastic state required for deformation, ensuring the bonding strength, density and hardness of the electrolyte layer, ensuring the deposition rate, and avoiding the formation of larger voids that affect the physical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer.

[0143] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preset pressure is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 60 MPa; the preset speed is greater than or equal to 20 mg per minute and less than or equal to 30 mg per minute; and the preset distance is greater than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 30 cm.

[0144] In this embodiment, the preset pressure is set to be greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 60 MPa, the preset speed is set to be greater than or equal to 20 mg per minute and less than or equal to 30 mg per minute, and the preset distance is set to be greater than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 30 cm. This can ensure that the powder supply speed matches the powder supply pressure, ensure spraying efficiency, avoid severe oxidation of yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, and avoid excessive temperature rise of the substrate, oxidation of the substrate and the electrolyte layer, affecting the formation of the electrolyte layer, and ensure that the electrolyte layer is flat and has good physical and mechanical properties.

[0145] It is understandable that the present invention does not impose strict restrictions on the powder feeding pressure, powder feeding speed and powder feeding distance. The powder feeding pressure, powder feeding speed and powder feeding distance can be flexibly adjusted while ensuring the process requirements.

[0146] In some embodiments of the present invention, an electrolyte suspension is transported at a preset pressure and a preset speed for a preset distance, and the electrolyte suspension transported for the preset distance is subjected to plasma spraying to form electrolyte molten droplets, which includes: transporting a first gas at a first flow rate to accelerate the combustion and volatilization of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension transported for the preset distance to form electrolyte molten droplets.

[0147] In this embodiment, the first gas is delivered at a first flow rate, which can accelerate the combustion and volatilization of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension, thereby obtaining yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder of micro-nano size, ensuring the physical and mechanical properties of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, meeting the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, while forming a uniform, dense and stable thin electrolyte layer to meet the usage requirements of various application scenarios.

[0148] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first flow rate is greater than or equal to 10 liters per minute and less than or equal to 35 liters per minute; and the first gas is oxygen.

[0149] In this embodiment, the first flow rate is set to be greater than or equal to 10 liters per minute and less than or equal to 35 liters per minute, which can reasonably control the combustion and volatilization rate of organic matter. The first gas is set to oxygen. On the one hand, oxygen is easy to produce and has low cost. On the other hand, oxygen has good combustion properties, thereby ensuring smooth spraying.

[0150] In some embodiments of the present invention, blowing molten electrolyte droplets onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support includes: blowing a second gas at a second flow rate to blow the molten electrolyte droplets onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support.

[0151] In this embodiment, blowing the second gas at a second flow rate can ensure the thermal enthalpy and flow rate of the plasma flame flow, thereby ensuring the spraying efficiency, the porosity and bonding strength of the electrolyte layer, so that the molten electrolyte droplets are blown onto the support body to form a target electrolyte layer on the support body, ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, forming a uniform, dense and stable thin electrolyte layer to meet the use requirements of various application scenarios.

[0152] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second flow rate is greater than or equal to 20 liters per minute and less than or equal to 100 liters per minute; and the second gas is argon or nitrogen.

[0153] In this embodiment, nitrogen and argon can be reasonably selected based on whether they undergo nitriding reaction with yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder and cost. Setting the second flow rate to greater than or equal to 20 liters per minute and less than or equal to 100 liters per minute can ensure the spraying efficiency, porosity and bonding strength of the yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby reducing the time the sprayed ions pass through the plasma flame, ensuring that the ions reach the semi-molten state or plastic state required for deformation, and then ensuring the bonding strength, density and hardness of the electrolyte layer, ensuring the deposition rate, avoiding the formation of large voids, and affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte layer.

[0154] In some embodiments of the present invention, spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support body according to a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support body includes: flame spraying the electrolyte suspension, and spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support body to form a target electrolyte layer on the support body.

[0155] In this embodiment, the flame spraying process can also melt the electrolyte suspension to form micro-nano sized yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder, thereby forming a uniform, dense, and stable thin electrolyte layer to meet the use requirements of various application scenarios.

[0156] It is understandable that the present invention does not limit the specific form of spraying treatment. While meeting the process requirements, it can be flexibly selected based on cost and spraying efficiency. The specific process parameters and control process of flame spraying treatment can also be flexibly selected based on cost and actual process requirements.

[0157] In some embodiments of the present invention, the support is nickel oxide, and the thickness of the nickel oxide is greater than or equal to 200 microns and less than or equal to 450 microns.

[0158] In this embodiment, the support body is set to nickel oxide so that the support body does not react with the electrolyte layer. At the same time, the thickness of the nickel oxide is set to be greater than or equal to 200 microns and less than or equal to 450 microns. This can ensure that the micro-nano-sized yttrium trioxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide powder is evenly deposited on the nickel oxide, ensuring the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance performance requirements of the electrolyte layer, and meeting the use requirements of various application scenarios.

[0159] Based on the same inventive concept, the electrolyte layer of the embodiment of the present invention is made by the preparation method of the electrolyte layer of any of the above embodiments.

[0160] The electrolyte layer of the embodiment of the present invention is made by the preparation method of the electrolyte layer of any of the above embodiments, and has all the beneficial effects of the preparation method of the electrolyte layer of any possible implementation manner described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0161] Based on the same inventive concept, referring to FIG. 5 , a fuel cell 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a cathode 502 ; an anode 504 ; and an electrolyte layer 506 according to any of the above embodiments, wherein the electrolyte layer 506 is located between the cathode 502 and the anode 504 .

[0162] The fuel cell 500 of the present invention includes a cathode 502, an anode 504 and an electrolyte layer 506 of any of the above embodiments. The electrolyte layer 506 is between the cathode 502 and the anode 504 and has all the beneficial effects of the electrolyte layer 506 of any possible implementation method described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0163] The fuel cell 500 of the present invention can be a solid oxide fuel cell, which includes four parts: an electrolyte, an anode or a combustion electrode, a cathode or an air electrode, and a connector or a bipolar plate. The anode is the place where the fuel is oxidized, and the cathode is the place where the oxidant is reduced. Both poles contain catalysts that accelerate the electrochemical reactions of the electrodes. Fuel gas, such as hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), city gas, etc., is continuously introduced into the anode side of the solid oxide fuel cell. The catalytic anode surface adsorbs the fuel gas and diffuses it to the interface between the anode and the electrolyte through the porous structure of the anode. Oxygen or air is continuously introduced into the cathode side, and the cathode surface with a porous structure adsorbs oxygen. Due to the catalytic effect of the cathode itself, O2 obtains electrons and becomes O 2- , under the action of chemical potential, O 2- The electrons enter the solid oxygen ion conductor that acts as an electrolyte, diffuse due to the concentration gradient, and eventually reach the interface between the solid electrolyte and the anode, react with the fuel gas, and the lost electrons return to the cathode through the external circuit.

[0164] Based on the same inventive concept, referring to FIG. 6 , a battery assembly 600 includes: a housing 602 ; and at least one fuel cell 500 according to any one of the above embodiments, where the fuel cell 500 is located in the housing 602 .

[0165] The battery assembly 600 of the present invention includes a shell 602 and a fuel cell 500 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. The shell 602 can provide installation space for the fuel cell 500 and protect the fuel cell 500. The fuel cell 500 is located in the shell 602 and has all the beneficial effects of any of the above-mentioned possible implementation methods, which will not be repeated here.

[0166] It is understandable that the voltage and power generated by a single cell are limited. In order to make solid oxide fuel cells have practical applications, it is necessary to increase the power of solid oxide fuel cells and assemble multiple single cells into battery packs in series, parallel, or mixed modes.

[0167] In some embodiments of the present invention, the housing 602 is a hollow structure with a circular or rectangular cross-section.

[0168] In this embodiment, the cross section of the housing 602 is a circular or rectangular hollow structure, which can provide an installation space for the fuel cell 500 .

[0169] It is understandable that the present invention does not impose strict restrictions on the specific shape of the cross section of the housing 602 , and a reasonable shape can be selected based on cost and process requirements as long as the installation requirements are met.

[0170] Example 1

[0171] A method for preparing an electrolyte layer, comprising:

[0172] Step S1: preparing a uniform mixture of spray powder A and solution B; spray powder A is YSZ powder prepared by preparation process P, and the powder is prepared by a molten salt method (preparation process: a. molten salt composed of NaCl:KCl:LiCl=1:1:1 (molar ratio); b. mixing the molten salt component with Zr(NO3)4:Y2O3=100:4 (molar ratio) powder (mixing mass ratio is 3:1), and placing it in a closed tank; c. sintering process, 750°C, heat preservation for 4 hours; d. cleaning and drying to complete the YSZ powder preparation);

[0173] Solution B: Solution B consists of 93 wt% ethanol, 5 wt% water, 1 wt% ethyl cellulose, 0.8 wt% fish oil, and 0.2 wt% isopropyl alcohol. The components of Solution B function as follows: ethanol serves as a solvent; water, as an inorganic solvent, is miscible with ethanol and simultaneously disperses the inorganic YSZ powder; ethyl cellulose, fish oil, and isopropyl alcohol serve as dispersants, allowing the YSZ powder to remain suspended in the ethanol solution for a long time without stratification.

[0174] Step S2: Spraying process: Voltage selected: 50V, current 420A, main gas flow rates: 20L / min Ar and 20L / min N2, auxiliary gas: 10L / min O2, spray distance 10cm, powder feed rate: 20mg / min, powder feed pressure 30MPa. During the spraying process, the plasma flame has an ultra-high temperature (center temperature exceeds 10,000°C). During the spraying process, the oxygen in the auxiliary gas accelerates the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the solution, while simultaneously melting the micro-nano-sized YSZ droplets. Under the purge of the main gas, the melted droplets of the spray powder are evenly deposited on the support under a controlled spraying process. The support is a NiO support with a thickness of 200μm.

[0175] Among them, the preparation process P corresponding to the spray powder A is:

[0176] Step S1: preparing a molten salt solvent X by reacting: a molten salt having a composition of NaCl:KCl:LiCl=1:1:1 (molar ratio);

[0177] Step S2: Preparation of reaction reagent Y: Zr(NO3)4:Y2O3=100:4 (molar ratio) powder mixing;

[0178] Step S3: The reaction molten salt solvent X and the reaction reagent Y are mixed (mixing mass ratio is 3:1) and mixed in a mixer with the following process settings: speed 100 r / min, time 2 h, temperature: 90°C;

[0179] Step S4: the mixture prepared in step S3 is placed in an alumina / zirconia ceramic jar, sealed, and placed in a muffle furnace at 750° C. for 4 hours;

[0180] Step S5: pour the sample in step S4 into clean water, and obtain micro-nano YSZ powder by centrifugation, filtration, and drying.

[0181] Example 2

[0182] A method for preparing an electrolyte layer, comprising:

[0183] Step S1: preparing a uniform mixture of spray powder A and solution B; spray powder A is YSZ powder prepared by preparation process P, and the powder is prepared by a molten salt method (preparation process: a. molten salt composed of NaCl:KCl:LiCl=3:4:5 (molar ratio); b. mixing the molten salt component with Zr(NO3)4:Y2O3=100:4 (molar ratio) powder (mixing mass ratio is 2.5:1), and placing it in a closed tank; c. sintering process, 950°C, holding temperature for 20 hours; d. cleaning and drying to complete the YSZ powder preparation);

[0184] Solution B: Solution B consists of 90 wt% ethanol, 8 wt% water, 1 wt% ethyl cellulose, 0.8 wt% fish oil, and 0.2 wt% isopropyl alcohol. The components of Solution B function as follows: ethanol serves as a solvent; water, as an inorganic solvent, is miscible with ethanol and simultaneously disperses the inorganic YSZ powder; ethyl cellulose, fish oil, and isopropyl alcohol serve as dispersants, allowing the YSZ powder to remain suspended in the ethanol solution for a long time without stratification.

[0185] Step S2: Spraying process: Voltage selected: 90V, current: 670A, main gas: 100L / min Ar and 100L / min N2, auxiliary gas: O2: 35L / min, spray distance: 20cm, powder feed rate: 30mg / min, powder feed pressure: 50MPa. During the spraying process, the plasma flame has an ultra-high temperature (center temperature exceeds 10,000°C). During the spraying process, the oxygen in the auxiliary gas accelerates the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the solution, while simultaneously melting the micro-nano-sized YSZ droplets. Under the main gas purge, the spray powder melt droplets are evenly deposited on the support under the controlled spraying process. The support is a NiO support with a thickness of 450μm.

[0186] Among them, the preparation process P corresponding to the spray powder A is:

[0187] Step S1: preparing a molten salt solvent X by reacting: a molten salt having a composition of NaCl:KCl:LiCl=3:4:5 (molar ratio);

[0188] Step S2: Preparation of reaction reagent Y: Zr(NO3)4:Y2O3=100:4 (molar ratio) powder mixing;

[0189] Step S3: The reaction molten salt solvent X and the reaction reagent Y are mixed (mixing mass ratio is 2.5:1) and mixed in a mixer with the following process settings: speed 200 r / min, time 10 h, temperature: 120° C.;

[0190] Step S4: the mixture prepared in step S3 is placed into an alumina / zirconia ceramic jar, sealed, and placed in a muffle furnace at 950° C. for 20 hours;

[0191] Step S5: pour the sample in step S4 into clean water, and obtain micro-nano YSZ powder by centrifugation, filtration, and drying.

[0192] Example 3

[0193] A method for preparing an electrolyte layer, comprising:

[0194] Step S1: preparing a uniform mixture of spray powder A and solution B; spray powder A is YSZ powder prepared by preparation process P, and the powder is prepared by a molten salt method (preparation process: a. molten salt composed of NaCl:KCl:LiCl=1:2:5 (molar ratio); b. mixing the molten salt component with Zr(NO3)4:Y2O3=100:4 (molar ratio) powder (mixing mass ratio is 4:1), and placing it in a closed tank; c. sintering process, 950°C, holding temperature for 20 hours; d. cleaning and drying to complete the YSZ powder preparation);

[0195] Solution B: Solution B consists of 91 wt% ethanol, 6 wt% water, 2 wt% ethyl cellulose, 0.8 wt% fish oil, and 0.2 wt% isopropyl alcohol. The components of Solution B function as follows: ethanol serves as a solvent; water, as an inorganic solvent, is miscible with ethanol and simultaneously disperses the inorganic YSZ powder; ethyl cellulose, fish oil, and isopropyl alcohol serve as dispersants, allowing the YSZ powder to remain suspended in the ethanol solution for a long time without stratification.

[0196] Step S2: Spraying process: Voltage selected: 90V, current: 670A, main gas: 100L / min Ar and 100L / min N2, auxiliary gas: O2: 35L / min, spray distance: 30cm, powder feed rate: 30mg / min, powder feed pressure: 60MPa. During the spraying process, the plasma flame has an ultra-high temperature (center temperature exceeds 10,000°C). During the spraying process, the oxygen in the auxiliary gas accelerates the volatilization and combustion of organic matter in the solution, while simultaneously melting the micro-nano-sized YSZ droplets. Under the main gas purge, the spray powder melt droplets are evenly deposited on the support under the controlled spraying process. The support is a NiO support with a thickness of 450μm.

[0197] Among them, the preparation process P corresponding to the spray powder A is:

[0198] Step S1: preparing a molten salt solvent X by reacting: a molten salt having a composition of NaCl:KCl:LiCl=1:2:5 (molar ratio);

[0199] Step S2: Preparation of reaction reagent Y: Zr(NO3)4:Y2O3=100:4 (molar ratio) powder mixing;

[0200] Step S3: The reaction molten salt solvent X and the reaction reagent Y are mixed (mixing mass ratio is 4:1) and mixed in a mixer with the following process settings: speed 200 r / min, time 10 h, temperature: 120° C.;

[0201] Step S4: the mixture prepared in step S3 is placed into an alumina / zirconia ceramic jar, sealed, and placed in a muffle furnace at 950° C. for 20 hours;

[0202] Step S5: pour the sample in step S4 into clean water, and obtain micro-nano YSZ powder by centrifugation, filtration, and drying.

[0203] The properties of the electrolyte layers obtained in Examples 1-3 of the present invention are shown in Table 1 below:

[0204] Table 1

[0205] The conductivity test adopts the four-probe method; porosity = 100% - density, density = actual density / theoretical density x 100%, and the actual density is determined by the Archimedean drainage method.

[0206] For the device embodiments, since they basically correspond to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present invention. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement the present invention without inventive work.

[0207] Although this specification includes many specific implementation details, these should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of any invention or the scope of protection claimed, but are mainly used to describe the features of specific embodiments of specific inventions. Certain features described in multiple embodiments within this specification may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. On the other hand, the various features described in a single embodiment may also be implemented separately in multiple embodiments or in any suitable sub-combination. In addition, although features may work in certain combinations as described above and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may point to a sub-combination or a variation of the sub-combination.

[0208] Thus, specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the particular order shown or sequential sequence to achieve the desired results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

[0209] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0210] The foregoing description is intended only to provide specific embodiments of the present invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an electrolyte layer, wherein: The preparation method of the electrolyte layer comprises: Mixing sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride to obtain a molten salt solvent; Mixing zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide to obtain a reaction reagent; The molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent are mixed to obtain a spray powder; The spray powder and the first solution are mixed to obtain an electrolyte suspension, wherein the first solution includes at least an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, the spray powder is suspended in the organic solvent, and the spray powder and the inorganic solvent are dispersed in each other; The electrolyte suspension is sprayed onto a support at a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support.

2. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 1, wherein: The mixing of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride to obtain a molten salt solvent comprises: The sodium chloride, the potassium chloride and the lithium chloride are mixed according to a first preset ratio to obtain the molten salt solvent, wherein the first preset ratio is a molar ratio of the sodium chloride, the potassium chloride and the lithium chloride; In the first preset ratio, the molar ratio of the sodium chloride, the potassium chloride and the lithium chloride is between 1:1:1 and 3:4:

5.

3. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 1, wherein: The zirconium nitrate and yttrium trioxide are mixed to obtain a reaction reagent, which comprises: According to a second preset ratio, the zirconium nitrate and the yttrium trioxide are mixed to obtain the reaction reagent, wherein the second preset ratio is a molar ratio of the zirconium nitrate to the yttrium trioxide; In the second preset ratio, the molar ratio of the zirconium nitrate to the yttrium oxide is 100:

4.

4. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 1, wherein: The mixing of the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent to obtain the spray powder comprises: Mixing the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent in a mixer to obtain a first mixture; sintering the first mixed material to obtain a second powder; The second powder is cleaned to obtain the spray powder.

5. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mixing of the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent on a mixer to obtain a first mixture comprises: At a second preset temperature, the molten salt solvent and the reaction reagent are operated on the mixer at a first preset speed for a first preset time to obtain the first mixture; The second preset temperature is greater than or equal to 90 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 120 degrees Celsius; The first preset speed is greater than or equal to 100 revolutions per minute and less than or equal to 120 revolutions per minute; The first preset duration is greater than or equal to 2 hours and less than or equal to 10 hours.

6. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 4, wherein: The sintering the first mixed material to obtain the second powder comprises: The first mixed material is placed in a preset container and sealed; Performing a heat preservation treatment on the preset container at a third preset temperature for a second preset time to obtain the second powder; The preset container at least includes: an alumina ceramic tank and a zirconia ceramic tank; The third preset temperature is greater than or equal to 750 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 950 degrees Celsius; The second preset time length is greater than or equal to 4 hours and less than or equal to 20 hours.

7. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 1, wherein: The first solution at least includes the organic solvent, the inorganic solvent and a dispersant; The dispersants include ethyl cellulose, fish oil and isopropyl alcohol.

8. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 7, wherein: The organic solvent is ethanol; The inorganic solvent is water.

9. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 8, wherein: The weight percentage ratio of the ethanol, the water, the ethyl cellulose, the fish oil and the isopropanol is: 93:5:1:0.8:0.

2.

10. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 1, wherein: The step of spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support at a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support comprises: performing plasma spraying on the electrolyte suspension at the first preset temperature to form electrolyte molten droplets of the sprayed powder; Blowing the electrolyte molten droplets onto the support to form the target electrolyte layer on the support; The first preset temperature is greater than 10,000 degrees Celsius.

11. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 10, wherein: The step of performing plasma spraying on the electrolyte suspension at the first preset temperature to form electrolyte molten droplets of the sprayed powder comprises: Plasma spraying the electrolyte suspension at a preset voltage and a preset current to form electrolyte molten droplets; The preset voltage is greater than or equal to 50 volts and less than or equal to 90 volts; The preset current is greater than or equal to 40A and less than or equal to 670A.

12. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 11, wherein: The step of performing plasma spraying on the electrolyte suspension at a preset voltage and a preset current to form the electrolyte molten droplets comprises: The electrolyte suspension is conveyed at a preset pressure and a preset speed for a preset distance, and the electrolyte suspension conveyed for the preset distance is subjected to plasma spraying treatment to form electrolyte molten droplets; The preset pressure is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 60 MPa; The preset speed is greater than or equal to 20 mg per minute and less than or equal to 30 mg per minute; The preset distance is greater than or equal to 10 centimeters and less than or equal to 30 centimeters.

13. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 12, wherein: The step of conveying the electrolyte suspension at a preset pressure and a preset speed for a preset distance, and performing plasma spraying on the electrolyte suspension conveyed for the preset distance to form the electrolyte molten droplets comprises: delivering a first gas at a first flow rate to accelerate the combustion and volatilization of organic matter in the electrolyte suspension delivered over the preset distance to form molten electrolyte droplets; The first flow rate is greater than or equal to 10 liters per minute and less than or equal to 35 liters per minute; The first gas is oxygen.

14. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 10, wherein: The step of sweeping the electrolyte molten droplets onto the support to form the target electrolyte layer on the support comprises: Blowing a second gas at a second flow rate to sweep the electrolyte molten droplets onto the support to form the target electrolyte layer on the support; The second flow rate is greater than or equal to 20 liters per minute and less than or equal to 100 liters per minute; The second gas is argon or nitrogen.

15. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 1, wherein: The step of spraying the electrolyte suspension onto the support at a first preset temperature to form a target electrolyte layer on the support comprises: The electrolyte suspension is flame sprayed and sprayed onto the support to form a target electrolyte layer on the support.

16. The method for preparing an electrolyte layer according to claim 1, wherein: The support body is nickel oxide, and the thickness of the nickel oxide is greater than or equal to 200 microns and less than or equal to 450 microns.

17. An electrolyte layer, wherein: The electrolyte layer is produced by the method for producing an electrolyte layer according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. A fuel cell, wherein: The fuel cell comprises: cathode; anode; and the electrolyte layer of claim 17, wherein the electrolyte layer is located between the cathode and the anode.

19. A battery assembly, wherein: The battery assembly comprises: case; and at least one fuel cell as claimed in claim 18, said fuel cell being located within said housing.

20. The battery assembly according to claim 19, wherein: The shell is a hollow structure with a circular or rectangular cross section.

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