Electronic paper and display apparatus

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are electronic paper (20) and a display apparatus (10). The electronic paper (20) comprises a first substrate (100), a second substrate (200), a third substrate (300), a reflective layer (110), a plurality of color units (120), a pixel control layer (210), a first electrode layer (220), a second electrode layer (310) and a dynamic light-shielding layer (400). When a pixel in the electronic paper (20) is in a fully bright state, light-shielding particles (410) in the dynamic light-shielding layer (400) gather around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer (220) and / or the second electrode layer (310); and when the pixel in the electronic paper (20) is in a fully dark state, under the action of the first electrode layer (220) and / or the second electrode layer (310), the light-shielding particles (410) gather around the pixel and in an area where the pixel is located. The proportion of the light-shielding particles (410) in the area where the pixel is located is adjusted by means of controlling the voltage of the first electrode layer (220), so as to control the light emission brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

Description

Electronic paper and display devices

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on September 27, 2023, with application number CN2023112546152 and application name “Electronic paper and display device,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to an electronic paper and a display device. Background Art

[0003] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0004] In recent years, as people pursue a richer visual life, displays are required to have more functions to meet their needs. Among them, the need for eye protection has attracted much attention. Traditional displays, whether CRT (Cathode Ray Tube Display), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or the emerging OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) displays, are thick. In order to show the details, the screen is generally adjusted to be very bright. Watching the screen for a long time can cause damage to people's eyesight. As a reflective display, electronic paper displays the screen content by reflecting natural light. The stronger the natural light, the clearer the display. It has a certain protective effect on the human eye and has attracted people's attention. As a display that imitates paper, electronic paper has the advantages of being light, simple to manufacture, low power consumption, eye-friendly, and reusable compared to paper. It has a huge development market.

[0005] E-paper typically consists of a glass substrate, upper and lower transparent electrode plates, a suspension, charged particles, and associated circuit boards. Its construction is simpler than traditional LCD displays, resulting in lower manufacturing costs. To prevent color mixing between pixels and affecting the display, a black matrix shielding layer is typically added around the four edges of the pixels. However, this design increases the manufacturing process and costs.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electronic paper and a display device that prevents pixel color mixing while simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing process costs.

[0008] The embodiment of the present application discloses an electronic paper, which includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate, wherein the second substrate is arranged between the first substrate and the third substrate, and the third substrate is located on the light-emitting side of the electronic paper, and the electronic paper further includes a reflective layer, a plurality of color units, a pixel control layer, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer and a dynamic light-shielding layer, wherein the reflective layer is arranged on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, a plurality of color unit arrays are arranged between the reflective layer and the second substrate, the pixel control layer is arranged on a side of the second substrate facing the third substrate, the first electrode layer is arranged on a side of the pixel control layer facing the third substrate, and is connected to the pixel control layer; the second electrode layer is arranged on a side of the third substrate facing the Towards one side of the second substrate; the dynamic shading layer is arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the dynamic shading layer includes a plurality of shading particles, and the shading particles are gathered or dispersed under the action of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; wherein, when the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully bright state, the shading particles are gathered around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; when the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully dark state, the shading particles are simultaneously gathered around the pixel and in the area where the pixel is located under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; and, by controlling the voltage of the first electrode layer, the proportion of the shading particles in the area where the pixel is located is adjusted to control the light output brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

[0009] The embodiment of the present application discloses an electronic paper, which includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate, wherein the second substrate is arranged between the first substrate and the third substrate, and the third substrate is located on the light-emitting side of the electronic paper. The electronic paper also includes a reflective layer, a plurality of color units, a pixel control layer, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, a first hydrophobic insulating layer, a second hydrophobic insulating layer and a dynamic light-shielding layer, wherein the reflective layer is arranged on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, the plurality of color unit arrays are arranged between the reflective layer and the second substrate, and the pixel control layer is arranged on a side of the second substrate facing the third substrate; the first electrode layer is arranged on a side of the pixel control layer facing the third substrate and is connected to the pixel control layer; the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode patterns, and the plurality of first electrode pattern arrays are arranged on the pixel control layer, corresponding one-to-one to the color units, and the first electrode pattern is circular and located at the center of the corresponding color unit; the second electrode layer is arranged on a side of the third substrate facing the second substrate; the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode patterns, and the plurality of second electrode pattern arrays are arranged on the third substrate, corresponding one-to-one to the color units, and , the second electrode pattern is a square frame and is located at the periphery of the corresponding color unit; the first hydrophobic insulating layer is arranged on the side of the first electrode layer facing the second electrode layer; the second hydrophobic insulating layer is arranged on the side of the second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, and a light-shielding cavity is formed between the first hydrophobic insulating layer and the second hydrophobic insulating layer; the dynamic light-shielding layer is arranged between the first hydrophobic insulating layer and the second hydrophobic insulating layer, the dynamic light-shielding layer includes a transparent liquid and a plurality of light-shielding particles, the density of the transparent liquid is less than the density of the light-shielding particles, and the transparent liquid and the light-shielding particles are mixed and arranged in the In the light-shielding cavity, the light-shielding particles gather or disperse under the action of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; wherein, when the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully bright state, the light-shielding particles gather around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; when the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully dark state, the light-shielding particles simultaneously gather around the pixel and in the area where the pixel is located under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; and, by controlling the voltage of the first electrode layer, the proportion of the light-shielding particles in the area where the pixel is located is adjusted to control the light output brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

[0010] The present application discloses a display device, comprising a driving circuit and electronic paper. The driving circuit is configured to drive the electronic paper. The electronic paper comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate. The second substrate is disposed between the first substrate and the third substrate, and the third substrate is located on a light-emitting side of the electronic paper. The electronic paper further comprises a reflective layer, a plurality of color units, a pixel control layer, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a dynamic light-shielding layer. The reflective layer is disposed on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, a plurality of color unit arrays are disposed between the reflective layer and the second substrate, the pixel control layer is disposed on a side of the second substrate facing the third substrate, and the first electrode layer is disposed on a side of the pixel control layer facing the third substrate and is connected to the pixel control layer. The second electrode layer is arranged on the side of the third substrate facing the second substrate; the dynamic shading layer is arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the dynamic shading layer includes a plurality of shading particles, and the shading particles are gathered or dispersed under the action of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; wherein, when the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully bright state, the shading particles are gathered around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; when the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully dark state, the shading particles are simultaneously gathered around the pixel and in the area where the pixel is located under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; and, by controlling the voltage of the first electrode layer, the proportion of the shading particles in the area where the pixel is located is adjusted to control the light output brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

[0011] The embodiment of the present application uses a dynamic shading layer to replace the black matrix shading layer in the original electronic paper, and utilizes the effect of the electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer on the shading particles, so that the shading particles gather around the pixel to form a light-blocking structure, thereby eliminating the process flow of the black matrix shading layer and saving process costs.

[0012] Moreover, current electrowetting electronic paper uses the expansion and contraction of charged ink to light up and darken pixels. When the pixel is not emitting light, the charged ink will expand to form a planar structure, blocking the passage of light; when the pixel is emitting light, the charged ink will contract to form a ball, and located in the pixel area. If there is no shielding measure, there will be black spots of ink during display, which will affect the display; if there is a shielding measure, although the black spots of ink can be blocked, the pixel aperture ratio will be affected. After adopting the technical solution of the present application, when the pixel is emitting light, the light-shielding particles will gather around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer, and will not contract and gather into a ball, and will not form black spots, thereby overcoming the black spot problem of traditional electrowetting electronic paper and will not cause the pixel aperture ratio to decrease. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The included drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present application, which constitute a part of the specification, are used to illustrate the implementation methods of the present application, and together with the text description, explain the principles of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work. In the drawings:

[0014] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic paper provided by an embodiment of the present application in a first state;

[0015] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic paper in a second state provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic paper provided by an embodiment of the present application in a third state;

[0017] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a first electrode pattern and a second electrode pattern provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a light-shielding cavity provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a light path of a reflective block provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of another electronic paper provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be understood that the terms used herein, the specific structures and functional details disclosed are only for describing specific embodiments and are representative. However, the present application can be implemented in many alternative forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0023] In addition, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic paper provided by an embodiment of the present application in a fully bright state, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic paper provided by an embodiment of the present application in a fully dark state, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic paper provided by an embodiment of the present application at normal brightness. Combined with Figures 1, 2 and 3, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic paper 20, which includes a first substrate 100, a second substrate 200 and a third substrate 300 arranged in parallel, the second substrate 200 is arranged between the first substrate 100 and the third substrate 300, and the third substrate 300 is located on the light-emitting side of the electronic paper 20; the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 are made of transparent materials, and glass substrates can be selected.

[0025] The electronic paper 20 further includes a reflective layer 110, a plurality of color units 120, a pixel control layer 210, a first electrode layer 220, a second electrode layer 310 and a dynamic light shielding layer 400. The reflective layer 110 is arranged on the side of the first substrate 100 facing the second substrate 200 to reflect external ambient light.

[0026] An array of multiple color cells 120 is disposed between the reflective layer 110 and the second substrate 200. Each color cell 120 displays only one color and constitutes part of a pixel, converting light passing through the color cell 120 to the corresponding color. The color of the color cells 120 varies depending on the application. If the electronic paper 20 is to display a color image, the color cells 120 in the electronic paper 20 are divided into at least red, green, and blue color cells 120, and may further include yellow or white color cells 120, with these color cells 120 arranged in a predetermined order. If the electronic paper 20 is to display only a black and white image, the electronic paper 20 may contain only white color cells 120. The color cells 120 can be liquid, solid, or other color filter structures capable of reflecting the desired color of light, without limitation herein.

[0027] The pixel control layer 210 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 200 facing the third substrate 300 and specifically includes thin-film transistors, data lines, scan lines, and other circuit structures. The first electrode layer 220 is disposed on the side of the pixel control layer 210 facing the third substrate 300 and is connected to the pixel control layer 210. The pixel control layer 210 controls the voltage of the first electrode layer 220, specifically the voltage of the electrode in each pixel. The second electrode layer 310 is disposed on the side of the third substrate 300 facing the second substrate 200. The first electrode layer 220 and the second electrode layer 310 jointly form an electric field.

[0028] The first electrode layer 220 and the second electrode layer 310 include, but are not limited to, one of transparent conductive structures such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum tin oxide, or a stacked layer composed of at least two of the above materials. Moreover, the first electrode layer 220 and the second electrode layer 310 can be deposited by any of liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and can also be formed by inkjet printing or evaporation, etc., which is not limited here and can be selected according to actual conditions.

[0029] The dynamic light-shielding layer 400 is disposed between the first electrode layer 220 and the second electrode layer 310. The dynamic light-shielding layer 400 includes a plurality of light-shielding particles 410. These particles 410 aggregate or disperse under the influence of the first electrode layer 220 and the second electrode layer 310. The light-shielding particles 410 can be liquid, such as charged ink, or solid, such as charged carbon powder. The light-shielding particles 410 absorb ambient light and are moved by changes in the electric field.

[0030] Among them, when the pixels in the electronic paper 20 are in a fully bright state, the shading particles 410 are gathered around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer 220 and / or the second electrode layer 310, acting as a shading structure between pixels to prevent light mixing; when the pixels in the electronic paper 20 are in a fully dark state, the shading particles 410 are simultaneously gathered around the pixel and in the area where the pixel is located under the action of the first electrode layer 220 and / or the second electrode layer 310, so that the pixel does not emit light; when the pixel is at normal brightness, or the brightness needs to be adjusted, by controlling the voltage of the corresponding pixel electrode in the first electrode layer 220, the proportion or position of the shading particles 410 in the area where the pixel is located is adjusted to control the light output brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

[0031] For example, when the brightness of a pixel needs to be increased, the proportion of light-shielding particles 410 in the pixel area can be reduced, so that more light-shielding particles 410 are gathered around the pixel. In this case, fewer light-shielding particles 410 are evenly dispersed in the pixel area, allowing more light to pass through the pixel, thereby achieving the effect of increasing brightness. Alternatively, the light-shielding particles 410 in the pixel area can be converged toward certain areas to form a pattern structure such as a grid or concentric rings, so that most pixel areas are free of light-shielding particles 410 and do not block light, thereby achieving the effect of increasing brightness. Both methods are applicable to the embodiments of the present application, and only the first electrode layer 220 and the second electrode layer 310 need to be designed and controlled accordingly.

[0032] The embodiment of the present application uses a dynamic shading layer 400 to replace the black matrix shading layer in the original electronic paper 20, and utilizes the effect of the electric field between the first electrode layer 220 and the second electrode layer 310 on the shading particles 410, so that the shading particles 410 gather around the pixel to form a light-blocking structure, thereby eliminating the process flow of the black matrix shading layer and saving process costs.

[0033] Moreover, the current electrowetting electronic paper 20 uses the expansion and contraction of charged ink to lighten and darken pixels. When the pixel is not emitting light, the charged ink will expand to form a planar structure, blocking the passage of light; when the pixel is emitting light, the charged ink will contract to form a ball, and located in the pixel area. If there is no shielding measure, there will be ink black spots during display, which will affect the display; if there is a shielding measure, although the ink black spots can be blocked, it will affect the pixel aperture ratio. After adopting the technical solution of the present application, when the pixel is emitting light, the light-shielding particles 410 will gather around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer 220 and / or the second electrode layer 310, and will not contract and gather into a ball, and will not form black spots, thereby overcoming the black spot problem of traditional electrowetting electronic paper 20 and will not cause the pixel aperture ratio to decrease.

[0034] As shown in Figure 4, in the embodiment of the present application, the first electrode layer 220 includes a plurality of first electrode patterns 221, which are arranged in an array on the pixel control layer 210, corresponding one-to-one to the color units 120. The second electrode layer 310 includes a plurality of second electrode patterns 311, which are arranged in an array on the third substrate 300, corresponding one-to-one to the color units 120. One first electrode pattern 221 and one second electrode pattern 311 form part of a pixel, and the voltage difference between the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311 is used to control the light-shielding particles 410 within the pixel, thereby adjusting the brightness of light emitted through the pixel.

[0035] One of the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311 is located at the center of the corresponding color cell 120 and attracts the light-shielding particles 410 to the pixel area when energized. The other is located at the periphery of the color cell 120 and attracts the light-shielding particles 410 to the periphery of the pixel when energized. The distribution of the light-shielding particles 410 is controlled by adjusting the voltage of the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311. Specifically, the first electrode pattern 221 is located at the center of the corresponding color cell 120, and the second electrode pattern 311 is located at the periphery of the corresponding color cell 120; alternatively, the second electrode pattern 311 is located at the center of the corresponding color cell 120, and the first electrode pattern 221 is located at the periphery of the corresponding color cell 120.

[0036] Furthermore, the second electrode pattern 311 is annular, and specifically can be an annular structure such as a circular ring or a square frame, for example, a square frame, which is consistent with the peripheral shape and size of the pixel, so as to gather the shading particles 410 to the periphery of the pixel when the pixel is displayed, so as to avoid affecting the display aperture ratio.

[0037] The first electrode pattern 221 is square or circular, or can be polygonal, so that when the pixel displays a dark state or the screen needs to be dimmed, the light-shielding particles 410 are gathered in the pixel area to block the light; the second electrode pattern 311 surrounds the corresponding color unit 120, and the orthographic projection of the first electrode pattern 221 on the first substrate 100 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the color unit 120 on the first substrate 100, and the center of the first electrode pattern 221 is on the same straight line as the center of the corresponding color unit 120.

[0038] The first electrode pattern 221 can be circular, and the size of the first electrode pattern 221 is smaller than the size of the color unit 120 (it can also be said to be the size of the pixel area). When the pixel is displayed normally, the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311 are used to gather the light-shielding particles 410 at the periphery and the middle of the pixel. At this time, there is a gap between the periphery and the middle of the pixel, allowing the backlight to pass through, making the pixel emit light; when it is necessary to increase the brightness of the pixel, the pressure difference between the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311 is increased, so that the light-shielding particles 410 are more concentrated at the periphery and the middle of the pixel, thereby increasing the gap between the light-shielding particles 410 located at the periphery of the pixel and the light-shielding particles 410 located in the middle of the pixel, increasing the light-emitting area of ​​the pixel, and improving the brightness of the pixel.

[0039] Alternatively, the size of the first electrode pattern 221 is equal to the size of the pixel area. By adjusting the pressure difference between the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311, when the pressure difference is increased, more light-shielding particles 410 are gathered toward the periphery of the pixel; when the pressure difference is reduced, more light-shielding particles 410 are gathered toward the pixel area. Furthermore, by controlling the magnitude of the pressure difference, when the pixel is in the display state, the number of light-shielding particles 410 located in the pixel area is reduced, and they are prevented from forming a planar structure and completely blocking the light output from the pixel.

[0040] Alternatively, the first electrode pattern 221 may be shaped like a grid or a hollowed-out pattern structure such as concentric circles. By adjusting the voltage differential between the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311, the concentration of the light-shielding particles 410 directly below the solid area of ​​the second electrode pattern 311 can be controlled. When the brightness of the pixel needs to be increased, the voltage differential is controlled to increase the concentration of the light-shielding particles 410 directly above the solid area of ​​the first electrode pattern 221. This exposes a larger area directly above the hollowed-out area of ​​the first electrode pattern 221, free of light-shielding particles 410, thereby increasing the light-transmitting area.

[0041] By arranging the first electrode pattern 221 in the pixel area and the second electrode pattern 311 around the pixel, all the second electrode patterns 311 are connected as a whole, forming a second electrode layer 310 that is conductive and grid-shaped. This eliminates the need to individually control each second electrode pattern 311, requiring only individual control of each first electrode pattern 221. Furthermore, because the first electrode layer 220 is controlled by the pixel control layer 210, the voltage in each first electrode pattern 221 can be precisely controlled. Of course, additional control structures can be added to each second electrode pattern 311 to enhance the control of the voltage differential between the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311, making it easier to generate a larger voltage differential, thereby increasing the response efficiency of the light-shielding particles 410 and improving the display effect.

[0042] For ease of understanding, the embodiment of the present application takes the second electrode pattern 311 as a square and the first electrode pattern 221 as a circle as an example to specifically illustrate the display design of the electronic paper 20. For details, refer to the following embodiments:

[0043] As an embodiment, the light-shielding particles 410 are negatively charged. When the pixel is to display a fully bright state, the first electrode pattern 221 is negatively charged to repel the light-shielding particles 410; the second electrode pattern 311 is positively charged to attract the light-shielding particles 410; in this way, the light-shielding particles 410 form a light-shielding band at the edge of the pixel that functions similarly to a black matrix layer, thereby preventing the occurrence of color mixing between pixels. At the same time, external light is incident and reflected by the reflective layer 110 and returns along the original path, ultimately achieving bright display of the pixel.

[0044] When the pixel is to display a fully dark state, the first electrode pattern 221 is charged with positive electricity to attract the light-shielding particles 410 to the pixel area; the second electrode pattern 311 is charged with a smaller positive electricity to keep a part of the light-shielding particles 410 in place at the edge of the pixel to act as a light-shielding band. At this time, the light is blocked by the light-shielding particles 410 in the pixel peripheral area and the pixel area and cannot enter the reflective layer 110 and is reflected by the reflective layer 110, thereby achieving a fully dark state display.

[0045] During normal display, the voltage difference between the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311 is adjusted to control the light flux passing through the light shielding particles 410 by changing the area of ​​the light passing area, thereby controlling the grayscale display of the pixel color.

[0046] Of course, positively charged light-shielding particles 410 can also be used. The first electrode pattern 221 can be supplied with a voltage of the same or opposite electrical polarity as the light-shielding particles 410, and the second electrode pattern 311 can also be supplied with a voltage of the same or opposite electrical polarity as the light-shielding particles 410, thereby controlling the convergence and repulsion of the light-shielding particles 410 and adjusting the pixel brightness. There are many specific combinations, which are not listed here one by one. The specific design should be selected according to the actual situation.

[0047] As an optional embodiment, one of the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311 can be used to independently control the light-shielding particles 410 in the pixel, and the electrical properties of the first electrode pattern 221 and the second electrode pattern 311 are opposite to the electrical properties of the light-shielding particles 410, and the area of ​​the first electrode pattern 221 is not less than the area of ​​the pixel area. For example, when the pixel is in a fully bright state, only the second electrode pattern 311 is turned on, so that the light-shielding particles 410 gather below the second electrode pattern 311 and are located around the pixel; when the pixel is in a fully dark state, only the first electrode pattern 221 is turned on, so that the light-shielding particles 410 gather above the first electrode pattern 221 and are located in the light-emitting area of ​​the pixel, blocking the light passing through the pixel; when the pixel displays normal brightness, a smaller voltage is used to drive the second electrode pattern 311, so that most of the light-shielding particles 410 gather around the pixel, and fewer light-shielding particles 410 gather in the pixel area, and by increasing the voltage driving the second electrode pattern 311, the proportion of light-shielding particles 410 gathered around the pixel can be increased, thereby increasing the brightness of the pixel.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the electronic paper 20 further includes a first hydrophobic insulating layer 430 and a second hydrophobic insulating layer 440. The first hydrophobic insulating layer 430 and the second hydrophobic insulating layer 440 are made of fluorine-containing polymers (such as fluorinated polyethylene, fluorocarbon wax, etc.), synthetic polymer melt polymers (such as polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polyesters, fluorine-free acrylates, molten paraffin, etc.), sol-gel hybrid materials made from alkoxysilanes, and other materials.

[0049] The first hydrophobic insulating layer 430 is disposed on the side of the first electrode layer 220 facing the second electrode layer 310, and the second hydrophobic insulating layer 440 is disposed on the side of the second electrode layer 310 facing the first electrode layer 220. A light-shielding cavity 500 is formed between the first hydrophobic insulating layer 430 and the second hydrophobic insulating layer 440. The dynamic light-shielding layer 400 also includes a transparent liquid 420. The transparent liquid 420 and the light-shielding particles 410 are mixed and disposed within the light-shielding cavity 500. The light-shielding cavity 500 is watertight, thereby preventing leakage of the transparent liquid 420 and causing leakage problems.

[0050] Transparent liquid 420, including water, anhydrous glycerin, alkyl halides, and organic transparent liquid polymers, is immiscible with light-shielding particles 410. Transparent liquid 420 acts as a support and stabilizer, preventing the light-shielding particles 410 from having less room to move when the electronic paper 20 is pressed. Furthermore, light-shielding particles 410 move more effectively within transparent liquid 420, improving the dimming performance of the electronic paper 20.

[0051] Furthermore, the density of the transparent liquid 420 is lower than that of the light-shielding particles 410. When the pixel is in the bright state, the transparent liquid 420 squeezes the light-shielding particles 410 in the center of the pixel, ensuring that the light-shielding particles 410 maintain their light-shielding band shape while preventing them from diffusing into the pixel area and affecting the display. When the pixel is in the dark state, the transparent liquid 420, due to its lower density, is pushed above the light-shielding particles 410, ensuring a smooth surface and preventing them from diffusing into other areas, thus ensuring uniform distribution of the light-shielding particles 410 across the surface. Of course, the density of the transparent liquid 420 can also be higher than that of the light-shielding particles 410.

[0052] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5, multiple grids 510 can be set in the light-shielding cavity 500, and the light-shielding cavity 500 is divided into pixel light-shielding spaces by the grids 510. Each pixel light-shielding space is filled with transparent liquid 420 and light-shielding particles 410. Each first electrode pattern 221 and second electrode pattern 311 controls the light-shielding particles 410 in the corresponding pixel light-shielding space to avoid the problem of uneven distribution of light-shielding particles 410 when the electronic paper 20 product is shaken or jittered violently.

[0053] As shown in Figures 1 and 6 , the reflective layer 110 includes a plurality of reflective blocks 111. The plurality of reflective blocks 111 are arranged in an array on the first substrate 100, corresponding one-to-one with the color units 120. The reflective blocks 111 can be integral with the first substrate 100, or they can be separate structures secured together by bonding or other methods. Furthermore, the plurality of reflective blocks 111 can be integral or independent structures.

[0054] The side of the reflective block 111 facing the second substrate 200 is curved, forming a hemispherical surface. The opening of the curved surface faces the second substrate 200, and the curved surface reflects light, allowing external light to be evenly emitted after being reflected by the reflective block 111, thereby improving light uniformity. The reflective block 111 can be a glass plate with a reflective coating or reflective structure, a plastic plate or a metal plate with a reflective coating or reflective structure, or a structure that inherently has a reflective effect, without limitation herein.

[0055] At this time, the color unit 120 is liquid. At the same time, the electronic paper 20 also includes a plurality of partitions 130. The partitions 130 are arranged on the side of the reflective block 111. The reflective block 111, the second substrate 200 and the partitions 130 on the four sides of the reflective block 111 form a color cavity. The color unit 120 is arranged in the corresponding color cavity and forms a hemispherical shape with the shape of the color cavity, acting as a lens. When external light is incident, the color unit 120 makes the light more concentrated; when the light is reflected by the reflective block 111, the light becomes more uniform after passing through the color unit 120.

[0056] Of course, as shown in FIG. 7 , the reflective layer 110 may be an integral structure, and the top of the reflective layer 110 may be a flat surface, while the color unit 120 may be a general solid filter layer.

[0057] It can be understood that the "full bright state" appearing in this article means that the pixel displays the highest brightness, "full dark state" means that the pixel does not display, "general brightness", "normal brightness", and "normal display" mean that the pixel emits light, but is not in the full bright state; "around the pixel", "periphery of the pixel", and "pixel edge" mean the junction between pixels; "the area where the pixel is located" and "pixel area" mean the area where the pixel needs to emit light, that is, the area overlapping with the color unit 120.

[0058] As shown in FIG8 , an embodiment of the present application further discloses a display device. The display device 10 includes a driving circuit 30 and the electronic paper 20 as described above. The driving circuit 30 is used to drive the electronic paper 20 .

[0059] The above content is a further detailed description of the present application in conjunction with specific optional implementation methods, and the specific implementation of the present application cannot be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present application belongs, they can make several simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present application, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electronic paper, comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate, wherein the second substrate is arranged between the first substrate and the third substrate, and the third substrate is located at a light emitting side of the electronic paper, and the electronic paper further comprises: A reflective layer is arranged on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate: A plurality of color units are arranged in an array between the light reflecting layer and the second substrate; A pixel control layer is provided on a side of the second substrate facing the third substrate; A first electrode layer is disposed on a side of the pixel control layer facing the third substrate and connected to the pixel control layer; A second electrode layer is arranged on a side of the third substrate facing the second substrate; as well as A dynamic shading layer, disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the dynamic shading layer comprising a plurality of shading particles, the shading particles being gathered or dispersed under the action of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; Among them, when the pixels in the electronic paper are in a fully bright state, the shading particles are gathered around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; when the pixels in the electronic paper are in a fully dark state, the shading particles are simultaneously gathered around the pixel and in the area where the pixel is located under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; and by controlling the voltage of the first electrode layer, the proportion of the shading particles in the area where the pixel is located is adjusted to control the light output brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

2. The electronic paper according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode patterns, and an array of the plurality of first electrode patterns is arranged on the pixel control layer and corresponds one by one to the color units; The second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode patterns, and the plurality of second electrode pattern arrays are arranged on the third substrate and correspond one to one to the color units; One of the first electrode pattern and the second electrode pattern is located at the center of the corresponding color unit, and the other is located at the periphery of the color unit.

3. The electronic paper according to claim 2, wherein: The first electrode pattern is located at the center of the corresponding color unit, and the second electrode pattern is located at the periphery of the corresponding color unit.

4. The electronic paper according to claim 2, wherein: The second electrode pattern is located at the center of the corresponding color unit, and the first electrode pattern is located at the periphery of the corresponding color unit.

5. The electronic paper according to claim 3, wherein: The second electrode pattern is annular and surrounds the corresponding color unit; the first electrode pattern is square or circular, the orthographic projection of the first electrode pattern on the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the color unit on the first substrate, and the center of the first electrode pattern is on the same line as the center of the corresponding color unit.

6. The electronic paper according to claim 5, wherein: The second electrode pattern is in a square shape, and the first electrode pattern is in a circular shape.

7. The electronic paper according to claim 6, wherein: The size of the first electrode pattern is smaller than that of the color unit.

8. The electronic paper according to claim 6, wherein: The size of the first electrode pattern is equal to the size of the color unit.

9. The electronic paper according to claim 3, wherein: The shape of the first electrode pattern includes a grid shape.

10. The electronic paper according to claim 5, wherein: The electronic paper further comprises a first hydrophobic insulating layer and a second hydrophobic insulating layer, the first hydrophobic insulating layer being arranged on a side of the first electrode layer facing the second electrode layer, the second hydrophobic insulating layer being arranged on a side of the second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, and a light shielding cavity being formed between the first hydrophobic insulating layer and the second hydrophobic insulating layer; The dynamic shading layer also includes a transparent liquid, and the transparent liquid and the shading particles are mixed and arranged in the shading cavity.

11. The electronic paper according to claim 10, wherein: The density of the transparent liquid is less than the density of the light-shielding particles.

12. The electronic paper according to claim 1, wherein: The reflective layer includes a plurality of reflective blocks, and an array of the plurality of reflective blocks is arranged on the first substrate, corresponding one to one with the color units; a side of the reflective block facing the second substrate is a curved surface, an opening of the curved surface faces the second substrate, and the curved surface is reflective.

13. The electronic paper according to claim 12, wherein: The electronic paper further comprises a plurality of partitions, wherein the partitions are arranged on the side of the reflective block, and the reflective block, the second substrate and the partitions on four sides of the reflective block form a color cavity; The color unit is liquid, and the color unit is arranged in the corresponding color cavity.

14. The electronic paper according to claim 1, wherein: The electronic paper includes a red color unit, a green color unit, and a blue color unit.

15. The electronic paper according to claim 1, wherein: The electronic paper includes a white color unit.

16. The electronic paper according to claim 1, wherein: The light-shielding particles include charged ink.

17. The electronic paper according to claim 1, wherein: The first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate are all glass substrates.

18. An electronic paper, comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate, wherein the second substrate is arranged between the first substrate and the third substrate, and the third substrate is located at a light emitting side of the electronic paper, and the electronic paper further comprises: A reflective layer is arranged on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate: A plurality of color units are arranged in an array between the light reflecting layer and the second substrate; A pixel control layer is provided on a side of the second substrate facing the third substrate; The first electrode layer is arranged on a side of the pixel control layer facing the third substrate and is connected to the pixel control layer. The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode patterns, and the plurality of first electrode pattern arrays are arranged on the pixel control layer, corresponding to the color units one by one, and the first electrode pattern is circular and located at the center of the corresponding color unit; A second electrode layer is arranged on a side of the third substrate facing the second substrate; the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of second electrode patterns, and an array of the plurality of second electrode patterns is arranged on the third substrate, corresponding to the color units one by one, and the second electrode patterns are in a square frame shape and are located at the periphery of the corresponding color units; A first hydrophobic insulating layer, disposed on a side of the first electrode layer facing the second electrode layer; a second hydrophobic insulating layer, disposed on a side of the second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, wherein a light shielding cavity is formed between the first hydrophobic insulating layer and the second hydrophobic insulating layer; as well as a dynamic shading layer, arranged between the first hydrophobic insulating layer and the second hydrophobic insulating layer, the dynamic shading layer comprising a transparent liquid and a plurality of shading particles, the density of the transparent liquid being less than the density of the shading particles, the transparent liquid and the shading particles being mixed and arranged in the shading cavity, and the shading particles being aggregated or dispersed under the action of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; Among them, when the pixels in the electronic paper are in a fully bright state, the shading particles are gathered around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; when the pixels in the electronic paper are in a fully dark state, the shading particles are simultaneously gathered around the pixel and in the area where the pixel is located under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; and by controlling the voltage of the first electrode layer, the proportion of the shading particles in the area where the pixel is located is adjusted to control the light output brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

19. A display device, comprising a driving circuit and an electronic paper, wherein the driving circuit is configured to drive the electronic paper, the electronic paper comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate, the second substrate is arranged between the first substrate and the third substrate, and the third substrate is located at a light emitting side of the electronic paper, and the electronic paper further comprises: A reflective layer is arranged on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate: A plurality of color units are arranged in an array between the light reflecting layer and the second substrate; A pixel control layer is provided on a side of the second substrate facing the third substrate; A first electrode layer is disposed on a side of the pixel control layer facing the third substrate and connected to the pixel control layer; A second electrode layer is arranged on a side of the third substrate facing the second substrate; as well as A dynamic shading layer, disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the dynamic shading layer comprising a plurality of shading particles, the shading particles being gathered or dispersed under the action of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; When the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully bright state, the shading particles are gathered around the pixel under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer; when the pixel in the electronic paper is in a fully dark state, the shading particles are simultaneously gathered around the pixel and in the area where the pixel is located under the action of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer. and, by controlling the voltage of the first electrode layer, adjusting the proportion of the light-shielding particles in the area where the pixel is located to control the light output brightness of the area where the pixel is located.

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