High-voltage switchgear, high-voltage switchgear system, and method for operating a high-voltage switchgear

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-voltage switchgear (1) comprising - a first interrupter unit (7) which is electrically connected to at least two high-voltage terminals and which is designed to produce an electric connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals on the basis of a mechanical switch actuation. For this purpose, the first interrupter unit (7) has a first movably arranged switch contact (11). The invention is characterized by - a first coupling transmission (16) which is mechanically coupled to the movable first switch contact (11) of the first interrupter unit (7), whereby a mechanical switch actuation of a drive unit (15), which is mechanically coupled to the first coupling transmission (16), can be transmitted to the movable first switch contact (11), wherein - the first coupling transmission (16) is designed to convert a rotational movement of the drive unit (15) into a translational movement in order to transmit the mechanical switch actuation of the drive unit (15) to the first movable switch contact (11), whereby the first movable switch contact (11) can be actuated. The invention additionally relates to a high-voltage switchgear system (2) and to a method.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] High-voltage circuit breakers, as well as

[0003] High-voltage power switchgear and method for

[0004] Operating a high-voltage circuit breaker

[0005] The invention relates to a high-voltage circuit breaker with a plurality of high-voltage terminals, and a first interrupter unit which is electrically connected to at least two of the plurality of high-voltage terminals and which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals depending on a mechanical switching operation, for which purpose the first interrupter unit has a movably arranged first switching contact,

[0006] The invention further relates to a high-voltage power switchgear with at least one high-voltage power switch.

[0007] The invention also relates to a method for operating a high-voltage circuit breaker, wherein the high-voltage circuit breaker has a first interrupter unit which is electrically connected to at least two high-voltage terminals and which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals as a function of a mechanical switching operation, for which purpose the first interrupter unit has a movably arranged first switching contact.

[0008] High-voltage circuit breakers are well known in the art. A high voltage, as defined by the standard, is an electrical voltage that designates an alternating voltage with an effective value of more than 1000 volts or a direct voltage with a value greater than 1500 volts. This definition of high voltage, which is also covered by the relevant standards, is also regularly divided into two ranges: a first range known as medium voltage, which extends from 1 kV up to and including 52 kV, and a second range covering voltages greater than 52 kV, which is known as extra-high voltage.

[0009] A circuit breaker is basically an electrical switching device which is used, particularly in the area of ​​electrical power supply, to switch an electrical current in a line of the power supply network. A circuit breaker is generally designed to be able to reliably switch a regular rated current and also a minor overload current. In the event of a fault in the area of ​​an electrical power supply or an electrical system connected to it, the circuit breaker can also switch a very large overload current and even a short-circuit current, hold such a current for a specified time and switch it off safely without suffering relevant damage that would preclude further intended use of the circuit breaker. Circuit breakers are normally designed for large circuits with a low switching frequency.A circuit breaker can be single-pole or three-pole, depending on the specific application and the design of the power grid. Circuit breakers of this type are also covered by standards, for example, the IEC 62271 series of standards.

[0010] Particularly in the extra-high voltage range, circuit breakers are used that have a closed container on which at least two spaced-apart bushings for a respective high-voltage connection are arranged. Via the bushing, it is possible to connect a respective high-voltage line to the high-voltage circuit breaker and to control the current flow between the connected high-voltage lines by means of the high-voltage circuit breaker depending on the respective switching state of the high-voltage circuit breaker.

[0011] The container or a housing is often made of an electrically conductive material, such as metal, in particular steel or the like, and provides a cavity in which the high-voltage line is arranged, which is electrically connected to the at least two bushings. Electrically non-conductive materials, such as porcelain or composite, would also be conceivable. The high-voltage switching unit provides the actual switching function of the high-voltage circuit breaker and for this purpose often has at least two electrical switching contacts, which are mechanically and electrically connected to one another in a switched-on switching state depending on the switching state of the high-voltage circuit breaker, so that an electrical connection is established between the bushings and in a second

[0012] Switching state, the switched off switching state, are mechanically and electrically separated from each other in order to prevent current flow.

[0013] In the prior art, it is customary to apply an insulating gas, namely SF6, to the high-voltage switching unit in order to achieve insulation strength, in particular during the execution of a switching operation, that is to say a change between the switched-on and the switched-off state.

[0014] Outside the container, the high-voltage circuit breaker has a drive unit for mechanically actuating the high-voltage switching unit. The drive unit is mechanically connected to the high-voltage switching unit via a coupling mechanism, so that a switching operation of the drive unit can be transmitted to the high-voltage switching unit to achieve one of the at least two switching states of the high-voltage switching unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the high-voltage circuit breaker preferably has a holding unit which is mechanically connected to the container and which can be connected to a horizontal support, for example a foundation or the like, in order to arrange the container in a fixed location or to set it up. As a rule, the holding unit is arranged on the container side opposite the bushings. This means that the bushings are arranged, for example, essentially vertically above the holding unit when the high-voltage circuit breaker is correctly set up for intended operation. The bushings have a particularly pronounced vertical component in their orientation, but can also have components in both remaining horizontal directions.

[0016] The use of the insulating gas SF6 makes it possible to realize a high-voltage circuit breaker with comparatively small dimensions. However, it has been shown that this insulating gas is extremely harmful to the climate, which is why its use should be avoided as far as possible in future applications. Furthermore, the aim is to replace high-voltage circuit breakers that use this insulating gas with new designs that do not contain this climate-damaging gas. By using vacuum interrupters, it is possible to largely avoid the use of the insulating gas SF6, which has proven to be particularly harmful to the climate. By constructing a high-voltage circuit breaker using vacuum interrupters, a compact design is achieved.

[0017] As an alternative to the use of the insulating gas SF6, "clean air" is used as an insulation medium. This allows vacuum interrupters to be implemented as interruption units in a climate-neutral manner, which in turn is advantageous for switchgear and switchgear.

[0018] Furthermore, at the high-voltage level, the use of series connections of several vacuum interrupters may be necessary to ensure dielectric strength. Preferably, the contacts of both vacuum interrupters are opened and closed by a single drive. This requires a kinematic chain connecting the drive to the two interrupting units.

[0019] Friction losses occur in such a kinematic chain, the extent of which depends on the structure of the kinematic chain and the gear links used. The extent of the friction losses influences, among other factors, the energy required for the switching device and thus, if applicable, the size of the drive required. For example, in the SF6-filled high-voltage circuit breakers used to date, the interrupting units are connected to the drive via a centrally arranged double switching head. The interrupting units, i.e. the vacuum interrupters, are arranged horizontally one behind the other. When SF6 is replaced by "clean air" as the insulation medium and vacuum interrupters are used as interrupting units, an arrangement with interrupting units arranged one behind the other leads to relatively large dimensions of the switchgear or switchgear.

[0020] In the kinematic chain of the high-voltage circuit breaker, a linear guide converts a rotational movement into a translational movement to move the movable tubular bolt. This results in friction losses caused by inherent transverse forces.

[0021] These resulting friction losses, which can be caused by transverse forces, can affect the reliability, functionality and durability of the

[0022] high-voltage circuit breaker.

[0023] An object of the present invention is to provide a more efficient or improved

[0024] To provide high-voltage circuit breakers.

[0025] This task is carried out by a

[0026] High-voltage circuit breaker, a high-voltage power switchgear, and a method according to the independent patent claims. Useful further developments arise from the dependent patent claims.

[0027] One aspect of the invention relates to a high-voltage circuit breaker with

[0028] - several high-voltage connections, and

[0029] - one with at least two of the several

[0030] High-voltage terminals electrically connected first interrupter unit, which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals depending on a mechanical switching operation, for which purpose the first interrupter unit has a movably arranged first switching contact, comprising:

[0031] - a first coupling mechanism which is mechanically coupled to the movable first switching contact of the first interrupter unit , whereby a mechanical switching operation of a drive unit which is mechanically coupled to the first coupling mechanism can be transmitted to the movable first switching contact , wherein

[0032] - the first coupling gear is designed to convert a rotary movement of the drive unit into a translatory movement in order to transmit the mechanical switching actuation of the drive unit to the first movable switching contact, whereby the first movable switching contact can be actuated. With the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention, friction losses can be minimized or reduced, in particular during switching or actuation of the interrupter unit. This makes it possible to provide an improved high-voltage circuit breaker which is more robust, more fail-safe, and has a longer service life.

[0033] The interrupter unit can be called the high voltage switching unit of the high voltage circuit breakers.

[0034] Depending on the switching state, the interrupter unit can be used to release an electrical connection between at least two high-voltage terminals. Otherwise, the electrical connection between two high-voltage terminals can be interrupted. Depending on the mechanical switching operation of the drive unit, the interrupter unit can assume a specific switching state.

[0035] The high-voltage circuit breaker can, for example, have a plurality of high-voltage terminals, in particular at least two high-voltage terminals arranged at a distance from one another. In particular, the high-voltage terminals can be individually interconnected using the interrupter unit.

[0036] Due to the design and in particular the mechanical operative connection of the drive unit with the coupling gear, a rotary movement of the drive unit, in particular of a drive shaft of the drive unit, can be converted into a translatory movement, by means of which in turn the switching contact can be actuated or switched accordingly.

[0037] The drive unit can be designed as a mechanical drive unit, which in particular can have a drive shaft. Furthermore, the drive unit can have, for example, a spring accumulator or the like, so that at least one of the switching states or the supply of drive energy can be set externally. A basic switching state is generally the switched-off switching state. The coupling mechanism and in particular the connection between the drive unit and the coupling gear can have one or more switching levers, pivoting levers, flanges and / or the like for transmitting the switching actuation.

[0038] A linkage mechanism is a mechanism with at least four rigid links connected by joints. All linkage mechanisms contain at least one rigid link, i.e., a link that, in the simplest case, connects the two frame-mounted links. Links of the linkage mechanism can be mounted at fixed points, so that the common base of the fixed points can be referred to as the frame. As four-link and four-bar linkage mechanisms, these are also referred to as four-bar linkages or as movable quadrilaterals, i.e., four-bar linkages.

[0039] In one embodiment, the first coupling mechanism is designed as a straight-line guide. Straight-line guides are special four-link coupling mechanisms which serve to guide a coupling rod approximately straight over a prescribed path. This enables the switching operation to be transmitted initially from the drive unit to the coupling mechanism and from there to the switching contacts without a linear guide or a linear guide element. By means of the straight-line guide, in particular a rotary movement can be converted into an approximately straight-line movement. This at least partially approximately straight-line movement can in turn be used to move the switching contact to assume a switching state.This allows for direct control of the movable tubular bolts, i.e., the switching contacts, via a straight or straight guide composed of several joints, thus eliminating the need for a linear guide. This principle allows for a reduction in friction losses.

[0040] To convert the rotary motion of the drive unit into a translatory motion, a linkage guide, formed from a multi-link chain, is used. In this case, no linear guide, and in particular no special linear guide element, is present in the control of the interrupter unit. Accordingly, sliding friction no longer occurs in the linear guide; only friction occurs in the rotary joints. With appropriate design and construction, the overall friction can be lower.

[0041] The straight linkage, i.e. the first coupling gear, can be connected to the drive unit.

[0042] In one embodiment, it is further provided that the guide rod is based on a Watt mechanism, a Chebyshev mechanism, a Hoecken mechanism, an Inverter-von-Peaucellier mechanism, a Roberts guide rod, or an Evans guide rod. Depending on the application of the high-voltage circuit breaker and the respective space requirements or the available installation space, a wide variety of guide rod designs can be used. These guide rods just mentioned are just some of the conceivable possibilities. Other types or types of guide rods are also conceivable.

[0043] When using the Watt mechanism, a Watt

[0044] The linkage of the Watt mechanism can be used to convert a rotary, pivoting motion in the surrounding plane into an approximately rectilinear motion. This rectilinear motion can be used to transmit the mechanical switching actuation to the movable switching contact and, in particular, to move the switching contact accordingly.

[0045] The Chebyshev mechanism, also called the Chebyshev parallelogram, uses a three-link coupling mechanism that converts rotary motion into an approximately linear motion.

[0046] The Inversor-von-Peaucellier mechanism is a coupling mechanism with which a circular movement can be converted into a mathematically exact straight-line movement.

[0047] The Hoecken mechanism, for example, is a four-link coupling mechanism that converts a rotary motion into an approximately linear motion. The guide rods, which were just explained in more detail as an example, each already represent a mechanism with which a linear motion can be generated without using a linear guide, such as a rail guide. This improves the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention in that transverse forces during switching of the switching contact relating to the interrupter unit can be at least partially prevented, thus minimizing friction losses.

[0048] The guide rails can assume a linear guide in certain areas. In this case, a point can move along a trajectory curve that approximates a straight line. With the guide rails, motion can be transmitted via four-link planar linkages or multi-link linkages.

[0049] For the generation, conversion and transmission of uneven

[0050] Such simple mechanisms, such as the example of the linkages mentioned above, can be used to implement motion paths in the form of kinematic four-link linkages with rotary and sliding joints (also known as linkages or crank mechanisms). A kinematic chain is a series of three or more links movably connected by pairs of elements. A planar kinematic chain means that the link points of all links can only follow paths in one plane or in planes parallel to one another.

[0051] A mechanism is a mechanical system consisting of articulated links that can change their position relative to one another under the influence of forces to fulfill a function. A kinematic chain results in the determination of one of its links as a frame.

[0052] In one embodiment, the high-voltage circuit breaker comprises a first switching rod which is mechanically coupled to the movable first switching contact at a first axial end and which is mechanically coupled to the first coupling gear at a second end axially opposite the first end. Thus, the switching actuation, which is transmitted from the drive unit via the first coupling gear, can be used by means of the switching rod which is mechanically coupled to the first coupling gear to move the first switching contact and, in particular, to thereby assume a corresponding switching state of the first switching contact.

[0053] The shift rod can be made of a rigid material, for example. The first shift rod is preferably arranged to be axially movable. However, it can also be arranged to be at least partially rotatable. This, in turn, allows for energy or force transmission from the first coupling mechanism to the first movable switching contact.

[0054] In one embodiment, it is provided that the high-voltage circuit breaker has a second interrupter unit which is electrically connected to at least two of the plurality of high-voltage connections and which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage connections as a function of a mechanical switching actuation, for which purpose the second interrupter unit has a movably arranged second switching contact, in particular the first and the second interrupter unit are arranged spaced apart from one another, in particular in parallel. The high-voltage circuit breaker can thus be used for a wide variety of applications. Optionally, the high-voltage circuit breaker can have a plurality of interrupter units.

[0055] For example, the first interrupter unit can be used to electrically connect a first high-voltage terminal to a second high-voltage terminal if the interrupter unit is in a corresponding switching state. The second interrupter unit can, in turn, electrically interconnect or connect a third high-voltage terminal to a fourth high-voltage terminal if the second interrupter unit is in a corresponding switching state for this purpose.

[0056] By using multiple breaker units, the voltage to be controlled can be distributed between both breaker units. For this purpose, the breaker units can be connected in series.

[0057] Additionally or instead, the first and second interrupter units can be arranged next to one another at a distance from one another, in particular in parallel. Accordingly, the geometrically successive arrangement of the vacuum interrupters or interrupter units, as in the prior art, can be dispensed with here. Thus, the interrupter units, of which there may in particular be more than two, can be arranged next to one another. The high-voltage circuit breaker can thus be made more compact and saves space, so that accessibility for maintenance work and / or assembly work on the high-voltage circuit breaker is easier.

[0058] Geometrically, the breaker units can be arranged parallel to one another. Electrically, the two breaker units can be connected in series.

[0059] In one embodiment, the high-voltage circuit breaker has a second coupling gear which is mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact of the second interrupter unit, whereby a mechanical switching actuation of the drive unit can be transmitted to the movable second switching contact, in particular the first and second coupling gear are arranged parallel to one another.

[0060] Due to the design and in particular the mechanical operative connection of the drive unit with the first and second coupling gear, a rotary movement of the drive unit, in particular of a drive shaft of the drive unit, can be converted into a translatory movement, by means of which in turn the switching contacts can be actuated or switched accordingly.

[0061] For example, the first and second coupling gears can be arranged parallel to one another. In order to be able to transmit the mechanical switching actuation of the drive unit evenly and, in particular, simultaneously to the coupling gears and thus to the vacuum interrupters, a parallel arrangement of the coupling gears in a geometric sense is advantageous. In particular, the second coupling gear, like the first coupling gear, can be designed as a straight guide. The second coupling gear can be designed analogously to the first coupling gear. The above statements regarding the first coupling gear also apply to the second coupling gear.

[0062] By arranging the two linkages, i.e. the two coupling gears, in parallel, the forces acting on the linear guide via the two associated couplings are compensated to a considerable extent.

[0063] In one embodiment, the high-voltage circuit breaker has a second switching rod which is mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact at a first axial end and which is mechanically coupled to the second coupling gear at a second end axially opposite the first end.

[0064] The second shift rod can be made of a rigid material, for example. The second shift rod is preferably arranged to be axially movable. However, it can also be arranged to be at least partially rotatable. This, in turn, allows energy or force to be transmitted from the first coupling mechanism to the second movable switching contact.

[0065] In one embodiment, the high-voltage circuit breaker has a multi-joint which is mechanically coupled to the drive unit, the first coupling gear and the second coupling gear, wherein the multi-joint is designed to transmit a switching actuation of the drive unit to the first and second coupling gear, whereby the first and second movable switching contact can be actuated.

[0066] By means of the first coupling gear, the second coupling gear and the multi-joint link, the high-voltage circuit breaker can have at least two or more interrupter units, which are in particular arranged upright next to one another. As a result, with this mechanism according to the invention or the kinematic chain provided thereby with regard to the first coupling gear, the second coupling gear and the multi-joint link, any number of interrupter units arranged next to one another can be switched simultaneously. This enables universal use of the high-voltage circuit breaker for a wide variety of applications or fields of use. By arranging interrupter units next to one another, which can be switched simultaneously according to the invention, the high-voltage circuit breaker, which can be used in switching devices and / or switchgear, can be realized with more compact dimensions.This allows for improved accessibility for maintenance and assembly. The first coupling mechanism, the second coupling mechanism, and the multi-joint link, which are all mechanically coupled to one another, form a kinematic chain, with which at least two interrupter units arranged side by side can be controlled and thus switched with a single drive, i.e., the drive unit.

[0067] With the help of the multi-joint linkage, which can be a mechanical mechanism, a mechanical switching operation caused by the drive unit can be transmitted, in particular simultaneously, to the two coupling gears. In this way, several interrupter units can be switched, in particular simultaneously, using one drive unit which is mechanically connected to the coupling gear via the multi-joint linkage. By transmitting the switching operation from the drive unit via the multi-joint linkage to the two coupling gears, the switching contacts of the two interrupter units can be actuated or switched simultaneously. With the help of the arrangement or design of the multi-joint linkage and the coupling gears, at least two interrupter units arranged next to one another can be controlled by means of a kinematic chain with one drive.When using a toggle lever as a multi-joint for controlling the coupling gear designed as a straight link guide, the transverse forces occurring in the linear guide there and thus the friction losses can be reduced.

[0068] The multi-joint linkage can, in turn, be arranged at least partially parallel between the two parallel coupling mechanisms. Thus, the coupling mechanism, the first coupling mechanism, the multi-joint linkage, and the second coupling mechanism can be arranged side by side and, in particular, substantially parallel to one another.

[0069] Optionally, a linear guide of the multi-joint can be designed as a straight-arm guide. Depending on the dimensions of the high-voltage circuit breaker and the available space, a straight-arm guide can also be used as a multi-joint. The various straight-arm guides described above can also be used here. This design of the multi-joint allows the lateral forces and, in particular, friction losses to be minimized.

[0070] In one embodiment, the drive unit is mechanically coupled to the multi-joint by means of a coupling unit. With the help of this mechanical coupling unit, power or the gearshift operation can be transmitted from the drive unit to the multi-joint and thus to the two coupling gears. For example, the coupling unit can be a mechanical element, such as one or more joints. For example, the coupling unit can function as an intermediate gear, in particular an additional one, between the drive unit and the multi-joint.In particular, a drive shaft of the drive unit or an intermediate gear of the drive unit can be mechanically coupled to the multi-joint by means of the coupling unit or by means of a mechanical coupling mechanism, so that the mechanical switching operation which is carried out or provided or caused by the drive unit can be transmitted to the multi-joint.

[0071] In a further exemplary embodiment, the multi-joint linkage is designed such that a switching operation of the drive unit can be transmitted simultaneously to the first and second coupling gear, as a result of which the first switching contact and second switching contact are operated simultaneously. In particular, an efficient kinematic chain is provided via the drive unit, the multi-joint linkage, and the coupling gear, so that the mechanical switching operation of the drive unit can be transmitted simultaneously and, in particular, evenly distributed to the respective interrupter unit and the switching contacts arranged therein. In this way, several interrupter units can be effectively operated in one drive unit.

[0072] If necessary, a toggle lever functionality or a toggle lever mechanism can be formed by the two coupling gears and the multi-joint for transmitting the switching operation to the first and / or second interrupter unit.

[0073] A toggle lever consists of at least two lever elements connected to one another by an articulated linkage. With the aid of the toggle lever mechanism, the mechanical switching operation of the drive unit can be transmitted simultaneously and, in particular, evenly to the two coupling gears or to just one of them. In particular, the two lever elements of the toggle lever can be moved synchronously, so that the switching operation can be transmitted to the coupling gears simultaneously or synchronously.

[0074] The coupling mechanisms can be connected to the drive unit, in particular to the drive lever or the selector shaft of the drive unit, via the additional multi-joint. Here, parts of the multi-joint, in combination with parts of the coupling mechanisms, can be designed as toggle levers. A linear guide, for example, can be provided in the center of the toggle lever. By arranging the two coupling mechanisms in parallel, for example, the mechanical switching operation can be transmitted evenly from the toggle lever to the coupling mechanisms.

[0075] Using the toggle lever principle as a conceivable option for designing the multi-joint mechanism, efficient control of both or more linkages is possible. By controlling the linkages using the toggle lever, the transverse forces occurring in the linear guide there, and thus the friction losses, can be kept to a minimum. Furthermore, the toggle lever can be in a position close to the extended position when engaged. This significantly limits the forces acting back on the drive unit. This significant limitation is particularly advantageous for the associated latching of the drive unit.

[0076] The coupling gears do not generate any transverse forces with regard to the linear guide. The transverse forces introduced onto the linear guide by the coupling, which connects the drive to the toggle lever principle, for example, are low, particularly in the area of ​​the galvanic contact relating to the switching contacts and, if applicable, tensioning of the contact pressure springs, due to the resulting positions of the coupling. The friction losses in the linear guide can thus be kept low. A further aspect of the invention relates to a high-voltage power switchgear with at least one high-voltage power breaker according to the previous aspect or an advantageous development. In this case, the high-voltage power switchgear or a switchgear can have a plurality of the high-voltage power breakers mentioned at the outset.

[0077] A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a high-voltage circuit breaker, wherein

[0078] - the high-voltage circuit breaker has a first interrupter unit which is electrically connected to at least two high-voltage terminals and which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals depending on a mechanical switching operation, for which purpose the first interrupter unit has a movably arranged first switching contact,

[0079] - with a first coupling gear which is mechanically coupled to the movable first switching contact of the first interrupter unit and a drive unit, a mechanical switching operation of the drive unit is transmitted to the movable first switching contact, wherein

[0080] - a rotary movement of the drive unit is converted into a translatory movement by the first coupling gear in order to transmit the mechanical switching actuation of the drive unit to the first movable switching contact, whereby the first movable switching contact is actuated.

[0081] In particular, the method just described can be advantageously applied to the high-voltage circuit breaker of the previous aspect explained at the outset. In particular, the method just described can be carried out using the high-voltage circuit breaker of the previous aspect or an advantageous development thereof.

[0082] In an embodiment of the further aspect, it is provided that an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals is established with a second interrupter unit which is electrically connected to at least two high-voltage terminals as a function of a mechanical switching operation, for which purpose the second interrupter unit has a movably arranged second switching contact.

[0083] In an embodiment of the further aspect, it is provided that with a multi-joint which is mechanically coupled to a drive unit, the first coupling gear and a second coupling gear which is mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact of the second interrupter unit, a switching operation of the drive unit is transmitted simultaneously to the first and second coupling gear.

[0084] In an embodiment of the further aspect, it is provided that, depending on the first coupling gear, the second coupling gear and the multi-joint, the mechanical switching actuation is transmitted in such a way that the first and second movable switching contacts are actuated simultaneously.

[0085] If necessary, additional interrupter units can be provided, which are coupled to a respective coupling gear. In this case, the multiple interrupter units can be actuated simultaneously by a switching operation.

[0086] For use cases or application situations that may arise during the method and which are not explicitly described here, it may be provided that, in accordance with the method, an error message and / or a request to enter user feedback is issued and / or a standard setting and / or a predetermined initial state is set.

[0087] Advantageous embodiments of one aspect are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of all other aspects. The same applies in reverse.

[0088] Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, persons with male, female or other gender identity are included.

[0089] The invention also includes further developments of the high-voltage power switchgear according to the invention and of the method according to the invention, which have features as already described in connection with the further developments of the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding further developments of the high-voltage power switchgear according to the invention and of the method according to the invention are not described again here.

[0090] The invention also includes combinations of the features of the described embodiments.

[0091] The exemplary embodiments explained below are preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention. In the exemplary embodiments, the described components each represent individual features of the invention that can be considered independently of one another. These features also further develop the invention independently of one another and are therefore to be considered as components of the invention, either individually or in a combination other than that shown. Furthermore, the described exemplary embodiments can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.

[0092] In the figures, functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

[0093] The following figures show this in :

[0094] FIG 1 shows a schematic representation of a high-voltage circuit breaker with a kinematic chain consisting of a drive unit, a multi-joint and two coupling gears in order to be able to switch at least two vacuum interrupters of the high-voltage circuit breaker;

[0095] FIG 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a high-voltage circuit breaker with an interrupter unit;

[0096] FIG 3 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a high-voltage circuit breaker with a vacuum interrupter as the interrupter unit;

[0097] FIG 4 is a schematic representation of the high-voltage circuit breaker from FIG 3 , where a switching-on process is started and the switching contacts of the vacuum interrupters are not yet fully galvanically contacted;

[0098] FIG. 5, starting from FIG. 4, shows a continuous time of the switching operation of the high-voltage circuit breaker, wherein here a galvanic contacting of the switching contacts of the vacuum interrupters is present; FIG. 6 shows a further time sequence concerning the switching process of the high-voltage circuit breaker from the previous FIGS. 3 to 5, wherein here the switched-on state is maintained by means of the contact pressure springs; and

[0099] FIG 7 shows an alternative to the illustration in FIG 3, in which a straight guide is used instead of the linear guide.

[0100] FIG 1 shows a schematic representation of a high-voltage circuit breaker 1 .

[0101] For example, this high-voltage circuit breaker 1 and other corresponding high-voltage circuit breakers can be part of a high-voltage power switchgear 2. The high-voltage circuit breaker 1 can, for example, have a plurality of high-voltage terminals 3 to 6, in particular those spaced apart from one another. The high-voltage circuit breaker 1 can have a plurality of switching units and / or interruption units in order to establish an electrical connection between at least two of the high-voltage terminals 3 to 6. For this purpose, the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 primarily has interruption units as switching devices or switching units.

[0102] The following figure explains the components and functions of an embodiment of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1.

[0103] In this regard, FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of at least some components of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1, which generally comprises an interrupter unit 7. The high-voltage circuit breaker 1 has the first interrupter unit 7 electrically connected to at least two of the plurality of high-voltage terminals 3 to 6. This interrupter unit can be designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals 3 to 6 depending on a mechanical switching actuation, for which purpose the first interrupter unit 7 can have a movably arranged first switching contact 11.

[0104] In order to be able to provide or generate a corresponding mechanical switching operation, the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 can have a, in particular mechanical, drive unit 15. This drive unit 15 can, for example, have a drive shaft or switching shaft, by means of which a corresponding mechanical switching operation can be initiated or caused in order to be able to switch the interrupter unit 7 accordingly.

[0105] In order to enable the mechanical actuation of the interrupter unit 7 with reduced friction losses, according to the invention, no linear guides are used for power transmission. To remedy this, the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 has a first coupling gear 16. With the aid of the coupling gear 16, a switching actuation can be transmitted from the drive unit 15 to the movable switching contact 11.

[0106] In order to reduce transverse forces when actuating or triggering the interrupter unit 7 and thus friction losses, as already mentioned, there is no longer any linear guide for control. Accordingly, no sliding friction can occur in the linear guide. To remedy this, the coupling gear 16 is used. The coupling gear 16 can, in particular, be a straight-line guide composed of multi-joint elements. In particular, the coupling gear 16 can be designed as a straight-link guide. As a possible example of a straight-link guide, a Watt mechanism is shown in this figure and in the following figure.

[0107] The following figures explain the components and operating principles of a further embodiment of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1. The high-voltage circuit breaker 1 can have multiple interrupter units. Vacuum interrupters are considered as a possible example of interrupter units below. The explanations of the following figures can also be used for the further embodiment of FIG. 2.

[0108] For this purpose, FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of at least some components of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1. In particular, a mechanism for actuating or switching vacuum interrupters as interrupter units is specifically illustrated here. In this regard, the interrupter units 7, 8 are referred to below as vacuum interrupters 7, 8.

[0109] The vacuum interrupters 7, 8, in which the first vacuum interrupter is designated by the reference symbol 7 and the second vacuum interrupter by the reference symbol 8, are designed to assume a respective switching state depending on a mechanical switching actuation and to represent an electrical connection between at least two high-voltage terminals 4 to 6. For this purpose, the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 can have movably arranged switching contacts 11, 12 in a respective tube housing 9, 10 of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8.

[0110] The tube housings 9, 10 can be referred to as a housing surrounding the vacuum interrupters 7, 8. A respective switching contact 11, 12 can be moved depending on the mechanical switching actuation such that a respective switching contact 10, 11 can be contacted, in particular galvanically, with a switching contact 13, 14, which is in particular designed to be immobile. By a respective galvanic connection of the switching contact 11 with the switching contact 13 and of the switching contact 12 with the switching contact 14, the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 can each establish an electrical connection between the high-voltage terminals 3 to 6.

[0111] In order to be able to provide or generate a corresponding mechanical switching operation, the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 can have a drive unit 15, in particular a mechanical one. This drive unit 15 can, for example, have a drive shaft or switching shaft, by means of which a corresponding mechanical switching operation can be initiated or caused in order to be able to switch the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 accordingly.

[0112] In order to be able to carry out the mechanical actuation of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 with lower friction losses, according to the invention no linear guides are used for power transmission. To remedy this, the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 has a first coupling gear 16 and a second coupling gear 17. From a geometric perspective, these two can be arranged parallel to one another. Accordingly, the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 can also be arranged spaced apart from one another, i.e. parallel. With the aid of a respective coupling gear 16, 17, a switching actuation can be transmitted from the drive unit 15 to a respective movable switching contact 11, 12.

[0113] In order to reduce transverse forces when operating or

[0114] Tripping of the vacuum interrupters 7 , 8 and thus

[0115] In order to be able to reduce friction losses, as already mentioned, there is no longer any linear guide for control. Accordingly, no sliding friction can occur in the linear guide. To remedy this, the parallel arranged coupling gears 16, 17 are used. These coupling gears 16, 17 are in particular straight-line guides composed of multi-joint elements. In particular, the coupling gears 16, 17 can be designed as straight-link guides. As a possible example of a straight-link guide, a Watt mechanism or a Watt straight-link guide is shown in this figure and the following figure. Other types of straight-link guides already mentioned at the beginning are also conceivable.

[0116] For this purpose, as an example, the first coupling gear 16 can have a plurality of partial rods 18 to 22 (see FIG. 4). The partial rods 20 to 22 are specifically a part or a lever that can represent three joints. This applies analogously to the second coupling gear 17. The coupling gear 16 is designed such that a rotary pivoting movement caused by the drive unit 15 can be converted or transferred into an approximately rectilinear movement 23 for a certain geometric length. Thus, an approximately rectilinear movement 23 can be generated here without the use of a linear guide. This approximately rectilinear movement 23 can in turn be used to actuate or move the movable first switching contact 11.The second coupling gear 17 functions in an analogous manner, which in turn generates an approximately rectilinear movement 24 in order to be able to move or actuate the second switching contact 12.

[0117] The coupling gears 16, 17 can be mechanically coupled to the drive unit 15 via a multi-joint 25. Thus, the mechanical switching actuation can be transmitted from the drive unit 15 via the multi-joint 25 to the coupling gears 16, 17 and thus to the vacuum interrupters 7, 8.

[0118] As shown in FIG 3 as a conceivable embodiment of the multi-joint 25, which can be formed for example from three joints or partial rods 26, 27, 28 and a linear guide 41 (cf. FIG 4), a corresponding transmission or power transmission or transmission of the mechanical switching movement can take place. Thus, the multi-joint 25 can function as a mechanical link or coupling element between the drive unit 15 and the coupling gears 16, 17. The multi-joint 25 is designed in particular such that it transmits the switching actuation of the drive unit 15 simultaneously or simultaneously and in particular uniformly to the first and second coupling gears 16, 17.In other words, with the aid of the multi-joint 25 it can be ensured that a plurality of coupling gears 16, 17 and thus a plurality of vacuum interrupters 7, 8 can be switched or actuated with one drive unit 15.

[0119] By means of an interaction of the multi-joint 25 with the first and / or second coupling gear 16, 17, a toggle lever or a toggle lever mechanism can be formed, whereby the two coupling gears 16, 17 can be controlled, for example synchronously, without causing high transverse forces.

[0120] For example, the partial rods 20, 28 and the linear guide 41 together form a toggle lever or toggle joint for transmitting the switching actuation in the direction of the first vacuum interrupter 7. For example, the partial rods 42, 27 and the linear guide 41 together form a toggle lever or toggle joint for transmitting the switching actuation in the direction of the second vacuum interrupter 8. In order to be able to further minimize the transverse forces and thus the friction losses, depending on the application or installation situation of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1, the linear guide 41 of the multi-joint linkage 25 can also be designed as a straight guide 29 (see FIG. 7). In this regard, FIG. 7 shows a possible installation situation for the straight guide 29 instead of the linear guide 41 of the multi-joint linkage 25 purely by way of example or schematically (not to scale).

[0121] Depending on the design and area of ​​application of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1, the drive unit 15 can be mechanically coupled directly to the multi-joint 25.

[0122] It is also conceivable for the drive unit 15 to be mechanically coupled to the multi-joint 25 by means of a coupling unit 30. For example, the coupling unit 30 can be an intermediate gear, in particular an additional one. This can in turn be coupled to a drive source of the drive unit 15. In order to achieve in particular the linear movement 23, 24 relating to the actuation of the coupling gears 16, 17 on the movable switching contact 11, 12 brought about by means of the mechanical switching actuation, a first switching rod 31 can be provided for the first vacuum interrupter 7 and a second switching rod 32 can be provided for the second vacuum interrupter 8.

[0123] The first switching rod 31 can protrude with a first axial end 33 through a first switching opening 34 of the first tubular housing 9, shown only schematically here, and can be mechanically coupled to the movable first switching contact 7. With a second end 35 axially opposite the first end 33, the first switching rod 31 is indirectly or directly mechanically coupled to the first coupling gear 16. Thus, upon actuation of the first coupling gear 16 and the resulting rectilinear movement 23, the first switching rod 31 can be moved or actuated accordingly in order to in turn be able to actuate or switch the first switching contact 11.

[0124] A linear bearing can be provided in a housing of the vacuum interrupter 7. This linear bearing is located in the housing of the tube itself and guides the movable tube bolt or the switching rod. At the switching opening 34 of the vacuum interrupter 7, there is a bellows, one end of which is connected to the housing of the tube and the other end to the movable tube bolt, thus also to the associated switching rod.

[0125] The second switching rod 32 can, in turn, extend with a first axial end 36 through a second switching opening 37 of the second tubular housing 10 and be mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact 12. It can also be directly or indirectly mechanically coupled with a second end 38 axially opposite the first end 36 to the second coupling mechanism 17. Thus, the linear movement 24 can be transmitted accordingly in order to switch or move the second switching contact 12.

[0126] For example, since the first and second switching contacts 11, 12 are galvanically connected or coupled to the respective opposite switching contacts 13, 14 and thus a switched-on state of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 is present, a first contact pressure spring 39 can be provided for the first vacuum interrupter 7 and a second contact pressure spring 40 can be provided for the second vacuum interrupter 8 in order to maintain or retain this switching state.

[0127] These contact pressure springs 39, 40 can be arranged between the switching contacts 11, 12 and the coupling gears 16, 17, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3. In particular, the contact pressure spring can be mechanically coupled between the second end 35 of the first switching rod 31 and the first coupling gear 16. The second contact pressure spring 40 can, in turn, be mechanically coupled between the second end 38 of the second switching rod 32 and the second coupling gear 17.

[0128] The contact pressure springs 39, 40 serve to press the contacts 11, 13 of the first vacuum interrupter 7 and the contacts 12, 14 of the second vacuum interrupter 8 together with a defined force. This force should be greater than the force that a short-circuit current could cause between the respective contacts and be directed in such a way that these contacts could be forced apart.

[0129] For example, with a respective movement sequence with respect to the coupling mechanism 16, 17, in addition to switching on or switching the switching contacts 11, 12, the contact pressure springs 39, 40 can also be at least partially tensioned. For example, the contact pressure springs 39, 40 can already be at least partially pretensioned.

[0130] For example, a vacuum may be present in a respective tube housing 9, 10 of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8, i.e., the housings of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8. The vacuum interrupters 7, 8 may be surrounded by an outer housing. An insulating gas may be present between a vacuum interrupter 7, 8 and a housing. This may, for example, be an SF6-free insulating gas, such as a perfluorinated nitrile, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, a noble gas, mixtures thereof, or "clean air." Preferably, the pressure of the insulating gas is greater than the ambient pressure of the atmosphere surrounding the outer housings.

[0131] In particular, FIG. 3 shows an off state or switched-off state of the switching contacts 11, 12 and thus of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8. Various phases or switching states are illustrated in the following figures (FIGS. 3 to 5). In particular, starting from the off state in FIG. 2, where the switching contacts 11, 12 are spaced apart from the opposing switching contacts 13, 14, the switching state is brought into an on state.

[0132] 4, the drive unit 15 is now actuated accordingly, so that a mechanical switching operation can be transmitted. For this purpose, the multi-joint 25 in particular moves downwards with its center point by means of the linear guide 41, so that a corresponding force or direction of movement can be transmitted to the coupling gears 16, 17 by means of the rods 27, 28. This in turn actuates the switching rods 31, 32 via the coupling gears 16, 17 and in turn moves the switching contacts 11, 12 in the direction of the respectively opposite switching contacts 13, 14. In this case, there is still no galvanic contact. Thus, a state "shortly before galvanic contact" can exist. In this case, the contact pressure springs 39, 40 are regarded as rigid components. In particular, the contact pressure springs 39, 40 have a housing.

[0133] In FIG 5, the mechanical switching actuation has now been transmitted further, so that here there is galvanic contact between the switching contacts 11, 12 and the opposite switching contacts 13, 14. In this case, in addition to reaching the switched-on state, the contact pressure springs 39, 40, which are at least partially pre-tensioned, can now be tensioned or further tensioned by the coupling gears 16, 17. To maintain the switched-on state, as shown in the following figure, the multi-joint 25 with its partial rods 27, 28 is in an approximately stretched or straight position in order to limit possible forces acting back in the direction of the drive unit 15.Furthermore, in this switched-on state, the contact pressure springs 39, 40 of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 are tensioned or compressed, so that this state of the vacuum interrupters 7, 8 can be maintained by means of the contact pressure springs 39, 40. As can be seen in the previous figures, the two partial rods 27, 28 of the multi-joint 25 are each moved or positioned symmetrically.

[0134] In particular, the embodiments in Figures 1 to 7 show a kinematic chain using straight guides for electrically serially connected circuit breakers with interrupter units arranged geometrically next to one another.

Claims

Patent claims 1. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) , with - several high-voltage connections (3 to 6), and - a first interrupter unit (7) which is electrically connected to at least two of the plurality of high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) and which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) depending on a mechanical switching operation, for which purpose the first interrupter unit (7) has a movably arranged first switching contact (11), characterized by - a first coupling gear (16) which is mechanically coupled to the movable first switching contact (11) of the first interrupter unit (7), whereby a mechanical switching operation of a drive unit (15) which is mechanically coupled to the first coupling gear (16) can be transmitted to the movable first switching contact (11), wherein - the first coupling gear (16) is designed to convert a rotary movement of the drive unit (15) into a translatory movement in order to transmit the mechanical switching actuation of the drive unit (15) to the first movable switching contact (11), whereby the first movable switching contact (11) can be actuated.

2. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first coupling gear (16) is designed as a straight guide.

3. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the linkage straight guide is based on a Watt mechanism, a Chebyshev mechanism, a Hoecken mechanism, an Inversor-von-Peaucellier mechanism, a Roberts straight guide or an Evans straight guide.

4. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a first switching rod (31) which is mechanically coupled to the movable first switching contact (11) by a first axial end (33) and which is mechanically coupled to the first coupling gear (16) by a second end (35) axially opposite the first end (33).

5. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a second interrupter unit (8) which is electrically connected to at least two of the plurality of high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) and which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) depending on a mechanical switching actuation, for which purpose the second interrupter unit (8) has a movably arranged second switching contact (12), in particular the first and the second interrupter unit (7, 8) are arranged spaced apart next to one another, in particular in parallel.

6. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to claim 5, characterized by a second coupling gear (17) which is mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact (12) of the second interrupter unit (8), whereby a mechanical switching operation of the drive unit (15) can be transmitted to the movable second switching contact (12), in particular the first and second coupling gear (16, 17) are arranged parallel to one another 7. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to claim 6, characterized by a second switching rod (32) which is mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact (12) by a first axial end (36) and which is mechanically coupled to the second coupling gear (17) by a second end (38) axially opposite the first end (36).

8. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by a multi-joint (25) which is mechanically coupled to the drive unit (15), the first coupling gear (16) and the second coupling gear (17), wherein the multi-joint (25) is designed to transmit a switching actuation of the drive unit (15) to the first and second coupling gear (16, 17), whereby the first and second movable switching contact (11, 12) can be actuated.

9. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the drive unit (15) is mechanically coupled to the multi-joint (25) by means of a coupling unit (30).

10. High-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the multi-joint (25) is designed such that a switching operation of the drive unit (15) can be transmitted simultaneously to the first and second coupling gear (16, 17), whereby the first switching contact (11) and second switching contact (12) can be actuated simultaneously.

11. High-voltage power switchgear (2) with at least one high-voltage circuit breaker (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

12. Method for operating a high-voltage circuit breaker (1), wherein - the high-voltage circuit breaker (1) has a first interrupter unit (7) which is electrically connected to at least two high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) and which is designed to establish an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) depending on a mechanical switching operation to produce, for which purpose the first interrupter unit (7) has a movably arranged first switching contact (11), characterized in that - with a first coupling gear (16) which is mechanically coupled to the movable first switching contact (11) of the first interrupter unit (7) and a drive unit (15), a mechanical switching operation of the drive unit (15) is transmitted to the movable first switching contact (11), wherein - a rotary movement of the drive unit (15) is converted into a translatory movement by the first coupling gear (16) in order to transmit the mechanical switching actuation of the drive unit (15) to the first movable switching contact (11), whereby the first movable switching contact (11) is actuated.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that an electrical connection between the at least two high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) is established with a second interrupter unit (8) which is electrically connected to at least two high-voltage terminals (3 to 6) depending on a mechanical switching operation, for which purpose the second interrupter unit (8) has a movably arranged second switching contact (12).

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that with a multi-joint (25) which is mechanically coupled to a drive unit (15), the first coupling gear (16) and a second coupling gear (17), which is mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact (12) of the second interrupter unit (8), a switching actuation of the drive unit (15) is transmitted simultaneously to the first and second coupling gears (16, 17), wherein the second coupling gear (17) is mechanically coupled to the movable second switching contact (12) of the second interrupter unit (8).

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that, depending on the first coupling gear (16), the second coupling gear (17) and the multi-joint (25), the mechanical switching actuation is transmitted in such a way that the first and second movable switching contacts (11, 12) are actuated simultaneously.

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