Display device and electronic device

Abstract

Provided is a display device capable of changing the chief ray angle according to the position of a display area.　This display device is provided with: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally in a display area; and a photonic crystal layer configured so as to be capable of changing the chief ray angle according to the position of the display area by controlling the intensities and emission angles of light beams emitted by the plurality of light-emitting elements.

Description

Display devices and electronic devices

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a display device and an electronic device including the same.

[0002] In recent years, various electronic devices, including eyewear devices, have been equipped with display devices. Therefore, there is a demand for a technology that can change the chief ray angle (CRA) of a display device depending on the position of the display area. For example, Patent Literature 1 (JP-A-2005-102666) describes a technology that adjusts the chief ray angle of a device by adjusting the angle and position of a microlens.

[0003] International Publication No. 2018 / 103819

[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a display device capable of changing the chief ray angle depending on the position of the display area, and an electronic device including the same.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the display device according to the present disclosure comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally in a display area; and a photonic crystal layer configured to be able to change the chief ray angle depending on the position in the display area by controlling the intensity and emission angle of light emitted by the plurality of light-emitting elements.

[0006] 1 is a graph showing an example of the viewing angle characteristics of a display device in which the chief ray angle is set to 20°. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3A is a graph showing the viewing angle characteristics of a central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ 3B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R. ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ 3C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the second end region R. ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of light distribution characteristics of a display device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a photonic crystal layer and its vicinity. FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of a photonic crystal layer. FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of an OLED layer including a single layer of light-emitting units. FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of an OLED layer including two layers of light-emitting units. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of viewing angle characteristics of a display device according to a comparative example. FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C are graphs showing an example of light distribution characteristics of a display device according to a comparative example. FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are graphs showing an example of light distribution characteristics of a display device according to a second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a plan view of a display device according to a first modification. FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C are graphs showing an example of light distribution characteristics of a display device according to a first modification. FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C are graphs showing an example of light distribution characteristics of a display device according to a second modification. Fig. 15 is a plan view of a display device according to Modification 3. Figs. 16A, 16B, and 16C are graphs showing an example of light distribution characteristics of a display device according to Modification 3. Figs. 17A, 17B, and 17C are graphs showing an example of light distribution characteristics of a display device according to Modification 3. Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to Modification 4. Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to Modification 5. Fig. 20A is a cross-sectional view of a central region R of a display device according to Modification 8. １１ 20B is a cross-sectional view of the first end region R of the display device according to the eighth modification. ２１21 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a leak prevention structure. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a leak prevention structure. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a leak prevention structure. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a leak prevention structure. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth example of a leak prevention structure. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a sixth example of a leak prevention structure. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a seventh example of a leak prevention structure. FIG. 28 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the groove shown in FIG. 27. FIG. 29A is a front view of a digital still camera. FIG. 29B is a rear view of a digital still camera. FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a head-mounted display. FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a television device. FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a see-through head-mounted display. FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a smartphone. FIG. 34A is a view showing the interior of a vehicle from the rear to the front of the vehicle. FIG. 34B is a view showing the interior of a vehicle from diagonally rear to diagonally forward of the vehicle.

[0007] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in the following order: 1. General Description of the Display Device According to the Present Disclosure 2. Background to the Creation of the Embodiments of the Present Disclosure 3. First Embodiment (Example of a Display Device) 4. Second Embodiment (Example of a Display Device) 5. Modifications 6. Example of a Leakage Suppression Structure 7. Application Example (Example of an Electronic Device) The embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present disclosure, and the contents of the present disclosure are not limited to these embodiments. Note that in all the drawings of the following embodiments, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, to prevent the illustrations from becoming too complicated, reference numerals may be denoted only to some of the components, or the illustrations may be simplified, enlarged, or reduced in size.

[0008] <1 General Description of Display Device According to the Present Disclosure> In the display device according to the present disclosure, the chief ray angle may be increased from the center to the edge of the display area. More specifically, the chief ray angle may be significantly tilted outward from the display area with respect to the normal to the display surface as it moves from the center to the edge of the display area.

[0009] In the display device according to the present disclosure, the chief ray angle in the edge region of the display region may be larger than the chief ray angle in the central region of the display region.

[0010] In a display device according to the present disclosure, the display area may have multiple regions with different chief ray angles, the multiple regions being arranged in order from the center toward the edges of the display area, and the chief ray angle may be larger in regions closer to the edges of the display area. For example, the display area may have a central region (first region) and edge regions (second region) with different chief ray angles, the central region and edge regions being arranged in order from the center toward the edges of the display area, and the chief ray angle may be larger in regions closer to the edges of the display area. The display area may have a central region (first region), an intermediate region (third region), and an edge region (second region) with different chief ray angles, the central region, intermediate region, and edge region being arranged in order from the center toward the edges of the display area, and the chief ray angle may be larger in regions closer to the edges of the display area.

[0011] In the display device according to the present disclosure, the chief ray axis in the central region of the display area may be parallel to the normal to the display surface, and the chief ray axis in the edge region of the display area may be tilted outside the display area relative to the normal.

[0012] In the display device according to the present disclosure, the emitted light from the edge region of the display region includes a first emitted light and a second emitted light having different chief ray angles, and the chief ray axis of the first emitted light may be tilted outside the display region with respect to the normal to the display surface, and the chief ray axis of the second emitted light may be tilted inside the display region with respect to the normal.

[0013] In the display device according to the present disclosure, the photonic crystal layer may be provided in an edge region of the display region, and in this case, the photonic crystal layer may have an opening in the central region.

[0014] In the display device according to the present disclosure, the display region may have first end regions at both ends in a first direction and second end regions at both ends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the chief ray angle in the first end region may be different from the chief ray angle in the second end region, in which case the viewing angle characteristics can be changed between the first direction and the second direction.

[0015] In the display device according to the present disclosure, the plurality of light-emitting elements may include light-emitting elements of two or more colors, and the structure of the photonic crystal layer may differ depending on the color of light emitted by the light-emitting elements. In this case, it is preferable that the photonic crystal layer controls the intensity and emission angle of light emitted by the light-emitting elements of each color so as to align the orientation characteristics of each color. It is preferable that the plurality of light-emitting elements include three-color light-emitting elements consisting of a red light-emitting element capable of emitting red light, a green light-emitting element capable of emitting green light, and a blue light-emitting element capable of emitting blue light.

[0016] In the display device according to the present disclosure, the photonic crystal layer may be provided above or below the plurality of light-emitting elements, or may be provided both above and below the plurality of light-emitting elements. The photonic crystal layer has a plurality of photonic crystal sections, and each photonic crystal section may be provided above or below the light-emitting element, or may be provided both above and below the plurality of light-emitting elements. When the plurality of light-emitting elements include light-emitting elements of two or more colors, the structure of the photonic crystal section may be different for each emission color of the light-emitting element.

[0017] The display device according to the present disclosure may be an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display device, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) display device, or a display device other than these.

[0018] The display device according to the present disclosure may be included in an electronic device. For example, the display device according to the present disclosure may be included in an eyewear device such as a virtual reality (VR) device, a mixed reality (MR) device, or an augmented reality (AR) device, or may be included in an electronic viewfinder (EVF), a small projector, or the like.

[0019] In the present disclosure, "on object A" in expressions such as "object B is provided on object A" indicates the relative positional relationship between object A and object B, and includes not only a state in which object B is located directly on object A without any other objects in between, but also a state in which object B is located on object A with at least one other object in between.

[0020] In this disclosure, the refractive index refers to the refractive index for light with a wavelength of 589.3 nm (the D line of sodium).

[0021] 2. Background to the Creation of the Embodiments of the Present Disclosure A display device of an eyewear device is positioned close to the eyes of a user when the eyewear device is worn. Since the user sees light emitted in an oblique direction at the edge of the display area rather than light emitted in a forward direction, it is desirable to set different chief ray angles (CRAs) for the central area and the edge areas of the display area.

[0022] Typically, self-luminous elements are not Lambertian, but are configured to maximize their luminance at a specific angle. However, it is difficult to set the maximum luminance angle of each self-luminous element in this manner within the display area. As a result, components of the self-luminous elements from different directions are visible in the center and edge regions of the display area. In other words, angle dependency occurs in the characteristics of the self-luminous elements. As a result, the uniformity of luminance and chromaticity within the display area decreases, resulting in poor image quality. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, when the chief ray angle is set to 20°, the luminance difference ΔL between viewing angles θ = 0° and θ = 20° appears as a difference in brightness within the display area.

[0023] Therefore, the present inventors have conducted extensive research to prevent the deterioration of image quality as described above, and have found that a display device can be provided with a photonic crystal (hereinafter referred to as "PhC") layer that can enhance light emitted in the front direction at the center of the display area and enhance light emitted in oblique directions at the edges of the display area.

[0024] 2 is a plan view of the display device 101 according to the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the display device 101 is an OLED display device. The display device 101 has a display region R １０ The display area R １０ In the first embodiment, the display area R １０ The shape is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a shape other than a rectangular shape.

[0025] In the following description, the display area R １０ The axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the display area R is called the X axis. １０ The axis extending in the short direction of the display device 101 is called the Y axis, and the axis perpendicular to the display surface of the display device 101 is called the Z axis. １０ The Y-axis direction corresponds to the horizontal direction (first direction) of the display area R １０ corresponds to the vertical direction (second direction) of the image.

[0026] In the following description, the central region R １１ , first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２ represents the central region R １１ The display area R １０ The first end region R ２１ The display area R １０ and are located at both ends in the longitudinal direction (horizontal direction (first direction)) of the display area R １０ The second end region R is an area having a predetermined width extending inward from both short sides of the first end region R. ２２ is the display area R １０ and are located at both ends of the display area R １０ It represents an area having a predetermined width extending inward from both long sides of the

[0027] FIG. 3A shows the central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ 3B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R. ２１ (Specifically, the first end region R on the right side in FIG. 2 ２１ ) outgoing light L ２１１ , L２１２ 3C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the second end region R. ２２ (Specifically, the upper second end region R in FIG. 2 ２２ ) outgoing light L ２２１ , L ２２２ 1 is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the emitted light L １１ is the central region R １１ Specifically, one outgoing light beam L １１ is the central region R １１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ The first end region R ２１ Specifically, two outgoing beams L ２１１ , L ２１２ The first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ The second end region R ２２ Specifically, two outgoing beams L ２２１ , L ２２２ The second end region R ２２ The light is emitted from the sub-pixel 10.

[0028] The chief ray angle of the light emitted from the display surface is １０ The angle of the chief ray of light emitted from the display surface increases from the center to the first end of the display region R １０ More specifically, the display area R １０ The first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ The chief ray angle of the display area R １０ The central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ The angle of the chief ray of the display area R １０ The second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ The chief ray angle of the display area R １０ The central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ is greater than the chief ray angle.

[0029] central area R １１ The light emitted from １１ The principal ray axis of the central region R is parallel to the normal M of the display surface (i.e., the Z axis). １１ The emitted light L １１ The chief ray angle is set to 0°. In this specification, the chief ray angle refers to the angle at which a peak appears in the light emitted from the display surface of the display device 101. The chief ray angle is an angle based on the normal M to the display surface. The chief ray axis refers to the axis parallel to the light ray at the angle at which the peak appears.

[0030] Both first end regions R ２１ The light emitted from ２１１ The principal ray axis of the display area R is determined based on the normal M of the display surface. １０ The principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ １ More specifically, the first end region R ２１ (The first end region R on the right side in FIG. 2 ２１ ) Emitted light L ２１１ The principal ray axis of the is inclined in the +X-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ １ and the other first end region R ２１ (The first end region R on the left side in FIG. 2 ２１ ) Emitted light L ２１１ The principal ray axis of the is inclined in the −X-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ １ In this way, the output light L ２１１ The principal ray axis of the display area R １０ By tilting the display device 101 outward, it is possible to provide a wide FOV (Field Of View) in the ±X axis directions.

[0031] Both first end regions R ２１ The light emitted from ２１２ The principal ray axis of the display area R is determined based on the normal M of the display surface. １０ The chief ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ２ More specifically, the first end region R ２１ (The first end region R on the right side in FIG. 2 ２１ ) Emitted light L ２１２The principal ray axis of the is inclined in the −X-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ２ and the other first end region R ２１ (The first end region R on the left side in FIG. 2 ２１ ) Emitted light L ２１２ The principal ray axis of the is inclined in the +X-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ２ is set to

[0032] In the first embodiment, the emitted light L ２１１ The principal ray axis of the exiting light L ２１２ The principal ray axis of the output light L is symmetrical with respect to the normal M (Z axis) of the display surface. ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ and the emitted light L ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ２ However, the output light L ２１１ The principal ray axis of the exiting light L ２１２ The principal ray axis of the output light L is asymmetrical with respect to the normal M (Z axis) of the display surface. ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ and the emitted light L ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ２ may be different.

[0033] Both second end regions R ２２ The light emitted from ２２１ The principal ray axis of the display area R is determined based on the normal M of the display surface. １０ The principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ３ More specifically, one of the second end regions R ２２ (The upper second end region R in FIG. 2 ２２ ) Emitted light L ２２１ The principal ray axis of the is inclined in the +Y-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ３ and the other second end region R ２２ (See FIG. 2 for the lower second end region R ２２ ) Emitted light L ２２１ The principal ray axis of the is inclined in the −Y-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ３ In this way, the output light L ２２１ The principal ray axis of the display area R １０By tilting the display device 101 outward, it is possible to provide a wide FOV in the ±Y axis directions.

[0034] Both second end regions R ２２ The light emitted from ２２２ The principal ray axis of the display area R is determined based on the normal M of the display surface. １０ The chief ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ４ More specifically, one of the second end regions R ２２ (The upper second end region R in FIG. 2 ２２ ) Emitted light L ２２２ The principal ray axis of the is inclined in the -Y-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ４ and the other second end region R ２２ (See FIG. 2 for the lower second end region R ２２ ) Emitted light L ２２２ The principal ray axis of the lens is tilted in the +Y-axis direction with respect to the perpendicular line M, and the principal ray angle is a predetermined angle θ ４ is set to

[0035] In the first embodiment, the emitted light L ２２１ The principal ray axis of the exiting light L ２２２ The principal ray axis of the output light L is symmetrical with respect to the normal M (Z axis) of the display surface. ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ and the emitted light L ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ However, the output light L ２２１ The principal ray axis of the exiting light L ２２２ The principal ray axis of the output light L is asymmetric with respect to the normal M (Z axis) of the display surface. ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ and the emitted light L ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ may be different.

[0036] In the first embodiment, the emitted light L ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ and the emitted light L ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ However, the output light L ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ and the emitted light L ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３In the first embodiment, the emitted light L ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ２ and the emitted light L ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ However, the output light L ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ２ and the emitted light L ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ may be different.

[0037] 4 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 101 according to the first embodiment. A plurality of sub-pixels 10R, a plurality of sub-pixels 10G, and a plurality of sub-pixels 10B are arranged in a display region R １０ In this specification, when the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are referred to collectively without any particular distinction, the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be simply referred to as sub-pixels 10. The plurality of sub-pixels 10 are two-dimensionally arranged in a specified arrangement pattern. Examples of the specified arrangement pattern include a delta arrangement, a square arrangement, and a stripe arrangement, but the arrangement is not limited to these. A pad section, a driver for video display (none of which are shown), and the like are arranged in the display region R １０ A flexible printed circuit (FPC) as a connecting member may be connected to the pad portion.

[0038] The sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B can emit light of different colors. The sub-pixel 10R can emit red light. The sub-pixel 10G can emit green light. The sub-pixel 10B can emit blue light. One pixel may be composed of three adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B. However, the configuration of one pixel is not limited to this example.

[0039] 4, the display device 101 includes a drive substrate 11, a dielectric layer 12, a PhC layer 13, a plurality of light-emitting elements 14W, an insulating layer 15, a protective layer 16, a planarizing layer 17, a color filter 18, a lens array 19, and a sealing resin layer 20. In the first embodiment, an example in which the insulating layer 15, the protective layer 16, the planarizing layer 17, the color filter 18, the lens array 19, and the sealing resin layer 20 are provided will be described, but these layers are not essential components, and at least one of these layers may not be provided.

[0040] In the first embodiment, an example in which the display device 101 is a top-emission display device will be described. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this example and may be applied to a bottom-emission display device. The display device 101 may be a microdisplay. In this specification, of the two surfaces of each layer constituting the display device 101, the surface on the display surface side (top side) of the display device 101 may be referred to as a first surface (upper surface), and the surface on the opposite side (bottom side) of the display surface of the display device 101 may be referred to as a second surface (lower surface). In this specification, a planar view refers to a planar view when an object is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first surface. In this specification, a peripheral portion of the first surface refers to a portion having a predetermined width extending inward from the peripheral edge of the first surface.

[0041] (Drive Substrate 11) The drive substrate 11 is a so-called backplane, and is capable of driving a plurality of light emitting elements 14W. The drive substrate 11 includes, for example, a substrate 111 and an insulating layer 112 in this order.

[0042] A plurality of driving transistors (not shown) and the like are provided on the first surface side of the substrate 111. The substrate 111 may be, for example, a semiconductor substrate on which transistors and the like can be easily formed, or a glass substrate or resin substrate with low moisture and oxygen permeability. The semiconductor substrate includes, for example, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or single crystal silicon. The glass substrate includes, for example, high strain point glass, soda glass, borosilicate glass, forsterite, lead glass, or quartz glass. The resin substrate includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phenol, polyether sulfone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate.

[0043] The insulating layer 112 is provided on the first surface of the substrate 111 and covers the plurality of drive transistors and the like. The insulating layer 112 contains a plurality of wirings and a plurality of contact portions (neither of which is shown) therein. The plurality of contact portions electrically connect the light emitting element 14W to the wirings, and also electrically connect the wirings to the drive transistors. The contact portions contain at least one metal selected from the group consisting of, for example, copper (Cu) and titanium (Ti). The wirings are formed, for example, by a metal layer. The metal layer contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of, for example, tungsten (W) and copper (Cu). A barrier metal may be provided on the surface of the wirings. The barrier metal may be, for example, tantalum (Ta) or tantalum nitride (TaN). ｘ ) etc.

[0044] The insulating layer 112 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of, for example, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, and novolac resin. The inorganic insulating layer contains, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ) and the like.

[0045] (Dielectric layer 12) The dielectric layer 12 is provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. In the first embodiment, an example in which the dielectric layer 12 is provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 will be described, but the dielectric layer 12 is not an essential component and may not be provided. In this case, the PhC layer 13 may be provided directly on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The dielectric layer 12 may be made of, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ) and the like.

[0046] (PhC Layer 13) Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the PhC layer 13 and its vicinity. Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view of the PhC layer 13. The PhC layer 13 is provided on the first surface of the dielectric layer 12. The PhC layer 13 is disposed in the display region R １０ The PhC layer 13 controls the intensity and the emission angle of the light emitted from the plurality of light emitting elements 14W, thereby adjusting the angle of the chief ray to the display region R １０ This allows the emitted light L having the above-described light distribution characteristics to be changed depending on the position of the light source. １１ , output light L ２１１ , L ２１２ and the emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ are the central region R １１ The display surface of the first end region R ２１ The display surface and the second end region R ２２ The light is emitted from the display surface.

[0047] The PhC layer 13 is a slab-type two-dimensional PhC. The PhC layer 13 includes multiple PhC sections 13W. Each PhC section 13W is disposed below a light-emitting element 14W. That is, a PhC section 13W is disposed for each subpixel 10. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , each PhC section 13W includes a slab-shaped base material 131 in which multiple voids 132 are periodically arranged in a two-dimensional pattern, with defects 133 provided in some of the periodically arranged two-dimensional void patterns. The presence of the defects 133 in the PhC section 13W allows light to be collected at the defects 133, thereby enabling control of the intensity and emission angle of light emitted by the multiple light-emitting elements 14W. The electric field enhanced in a specific direction by the defects 133 couples with the light emitted by the light-emitting elements 14W.

[0048] central area R １１ The PhC section 13W is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of the emitted light of the light emitting element 14W located on the PhC section 13W, direct the emission direction of the emitted light toward the front (direction of angle 0°), and enhance the emitted light so that the intensity is maximized in the front direction. １１ The output light L on the display surface １１ The chief ray angle of the lens is 0° (see FIG. 3A).

[0049] First end region R ２１ The PhC section 13W is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of the emitted light of the light-emitting element 14W located on the PhC section 13W, direct the emitted light in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction, and enhance the emitted light so that the intensity is maximized in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction. ２１ The output light L on the display surface ２１１ The chief ray angle of １ and the first end region R ２１ The output light L on the display surface ２１２ The chief ray angle of ２ (See FIG. 3B.) Here, the first oblique direction is a direction in which the display area R １０ Specifically, the display area R is inclined in a diagonal direction to the outside of the display area R with respect to the normal M of the display surface. １０The second oblique direction is a direction inclined in the +X direction of the display area R with respect to the normal M of the display surface. １０ Specifically, the display area R is inclined inward from the normal M of the display surface. １０ It represents the diagonal direction tilted in the -X direction.

[0050] Second end region R ２２ The PhC section 13W is configured to control the intensity and the emission angle of the emitted light of the light-emitting element 14W located on the PhC section 13W, direct the emitted light in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction, and enhance the emitted light so that the intensity is maximized in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction. ２２ The output light L on the display surface ２２１ The chief ray angle of ３ and the second end region R ２２ The output light L on the display surface ２２２ The chief ray angle of ４ (See FIG. 3C.) Here, the third oblique direction is a direction in which the display area R １０ Specifically, the display area R is inclined in a diagonal direction to the outside of the display area R with respect to the normal M of the display surface. １０ The fourth oblique direction is a diagonal direction inclined in the +Y direction of the display area R １０ Specifically, the display area R is inclined inward from the normal M of the display surface. １０ It represents the diagonal direction tilted in the -Y direction.

[0051] central area R １１ The PhC portion 13W and the first end region R ２１ The PhC portion 13W and the second end region R ２２ The PhC portion 13W of the central region R has different orientation characteristics (control of the intensity and emission angle of the light emitted from the light emitting element 14W) as described above. １１ The alignment characteristics of the PhC portion 13W, the first end region R ２１ The alignment characteristics of the PhC portion 13W and the second end region R ２２ The orientation characteristics of the PhC portion 13W can be obtained by adjusting the period of the holes 132, the size of the holes 132, the structure of the defects 133, and the like.

[0052] The plurality of air holes 132 are arranged to form a regular two-dimensional lattice. The type of lattice is not particularly limited as long as it can realize a predetermined photonic band gap, and various types of lattice can be selected. Typical examples of lattice types include a triangular lattice and a square lattice. The air holes 132 may be through-holes. Through-holes are easy to form, and as a result, the refractive index can be easily adjusted.

[0053] The holes 132 have a columnar shape. The planar shape of the holes 132 is not particularly limited, and any shape can be adopted. Specific examples of the planar shape of the holes 132 include a substantially equilateral polygon (e.g., a substantially equilateral triangle, a substantially square, a substantially regular pentagon, a substantially regular hexagon, or a substantially regular octagon), a substantially circular shape, and an oval shape. The substantially equilateral polygon is not limited to an equilateral polygon in the strict geometric sense, but includes shapes that are visually perceived as being close to an equilateral polygon. For example, the substantially equilateral polygon includes a shape with rounded corners of an equilateral polygon, and a shape with notched corners of an equilateral polygon. The substantially circular shape is not limited to a circle in the strict geometric sense, but includes shapes that are visually perceived as being close to a circle. The oval shape includes shapes such as an oval, an ellipse, and an egg shape. The base material 131 includes, for example, a dielectric material. The dielectric material is, for example, silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and other Si-based materials.

[0054] In the first embodiment, an example will be described in which the air holes 132 are arranged at the lattice points, but a modified refractive index material having a refractive index different from that of the base material 131 may also be arranged at the lattice points. The modified refractive index material may be a low refractive index material having a refractive index lower than that of the base material 131, or a high refractive index material having a refractive index higher than that of the base material 131. However, it is easier to form the lattice points of the air holes 132 than the lattice points of the modified refractive index material. Furthermore, because the air holes 132 are made of air, which has a low refractive index, the difference in refractive index from the base material 131 can be made larger.

[0055] (Light-emitting element 14W) The light-emitting element 14W can emit white light based on the control of a drive circuit and the like included in the drive substrate 11. In the first embodiment, the light-emitting element 14W is an organic light-emitting diode element (OLED element). The light-emitting element 14W is included in the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B of each color.

[0056] The plurality of light-emitting elements 14W are disposed on the first surface of the PhC layer 13 and in the display region R １０ The light-emitting elements 14W are two-dimensionally arranged in a specified arrangement pattern within the driving substrate 11. The specified arrangement pattern is as described above as the specified arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10. Each light-emitting element 14W is arranged above the PhC section 13W. The light-emitting element 14W includes a first electrode 141, an OLED layer 142, and a second electrode 143, which are arranged in this order on the first surface of the driving substrate 11.

[0057] (First electrode 141) The first electrode 141 is provided on the second surface side of the OLED layer 142. The first electrode 141 is an individual electrode provided individually for each of the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W. That is, the first electrode 141 is divided between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The first electrode 141 is an anode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 143, holes are injected from the first electrode 141 into the OLED layer 142.

[0058] The first electrode 141 is translucent to the white light emitted from the OLED layer 142. The second electrode 143 is preferably a transparent electrode that is transparent to visible light. In this specification, visible light refers to light in the wavelength range of 360 nm or more and 780 nm or less.

[0059] The first electrode 141 is preferably composed of a transparent conductive oxide layer, a metal layer, or a laminate of these layers, and is preferably composed of a transparent conductive oxide layer from the viewpoint of high light transmittance. The metal layer can be made light transmissive by adjusting its thickness. When the first electrode 141 is composed of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, the transparent conductive oxide layer is preferably provided on the OLED layer 142 side, from the viewpoint of placing a layer having a high work function adjacent to the OLED layer 142.

[0060] The transparent conductive oxide layer contains a transparent conductive oxide, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of transparent conductive oxides containing indium (hereinafter referred to as "indium-based transparent conductive oxides"), transparent conductive oxides containing tin (hereinafter referred to as "tin-based transparent conductive oxides"), and transparent conductive oxides containing zinc (hereinafter referred to as "zinc-based transparent conductive oxides").

[0061] Examples of indium-based transparent conductive oxides include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), and fluorine-doped indium oxide (IFO). Among these transparent conductive oxides, indium tin oxide (ITO) is particularly preferred. This is because indium tin oxide (ITO) has a particularly low work function barrier for hole injection into the OLED layer 142, allowing the driving voltage of the display device 101 to be particularly low. Examples of tin-based transparent conductive oxides include tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Examples of zinc-based transparent conductive oxides include zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide, and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

[0062] The metal layer contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of chromium (Cr), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), and silver (Ag). The metal layer may contain at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of the alloy include an aluminum alloy and a silver alloy. Specific examples of the aluminum alloy include AlNd and AlCu.

[0063] An underlayer (not shown) may be provided adjacent to the second surface side of the metal layer. The underlayer may be capable of improving the crystal orientation of the metal layer during deposition. The underlayer may contain, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta). The underlayer may contain the at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy.

[0064] (OLED Layer 142) The OLED layer 142 can emit white light. The OLED layer 142 is provided between a plurality of first electrodes 141 and one second electrode 143. The OLED layer 142 is connected between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11, and is a layer common to the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W.

[0065] The OLED layer 142 may be configured as a laminate including an organic light-emitting layer, in which case some layers of the laminate (e.g., an electron injection layer) may be inorganic. The OLED layer 142 may be an OLED layer having a single light-emitting unit U as shown in FIG. 7A , an OLED layer having two light-emitting units U1 and U2 (tandem structure) as shown in FIG. 7B , or an OLED layer having a structure other than these. The OLED layer 142 having a single light-emitting unit U has a configuration in which, for example, a hole injection layer 1421, a hole transport layer 1422, a red light-emitting layer 1420R, an emission separation layer 1423, a blue light-emitting layer 1420B, a green light-emitting layer 1420G, an electron transport layer 1424, and an electron injection layer 1425 are stacked in this order from the first electrode 141 to the second electrode 143. The OLED layer having two light-emitting units U1 and U2 has a configuration in which, for example, a hole injection layer 1421, a hole transport layer 1422, a blue light-emitting layer 1420B, an electron transport layer 1426, a charge generation layer 1427, a hole transport layer 1428, a yellow light-emitting layer 1420Y, an electron transport layer 1424, and an electron injection layer 1425 are laminated in this order from the first electrode 141 to the second electrode 143.

[0066] The hole injection layer 1421 can increase the efficiency of hole injection into the light-emitting layers 1420R, 1420G, and 1420B and suppress leakage. The hole transport layers 1422 and 1428 can increase the efficiency of hole transport into the light-emitting layers 1420R, 1420B, and 1420Y. The electron injection layer 1425 can increase the efficiency of electron injection into the light-emitting layers 1420G and 1420Y. The electron transport layers 1424 and 1426 can increase the efficiency of electron transport into the light-emitting layers 1420G, 1420B, and 1420Y. The emission separation layer 1423 is a layer for adjusting the injection of carriers into the light-emitting layers 1420R, 1420G, and 1420B. The balance of light emission of each color is adjusted by injecting electrons and holes into the light-emitting layers 1420R, 1420G, and 1420B via the emission separation layer 1423. The charge generation layer 1427 can supply electrons and holes to the two light emitting layers 1420B and 1420Y that are provided so as to sandwich the charge generation layer 1427, respectively.

[0067] When an electric field is applied to the red light-emitting layer 1420R, the green light-emitting layer 1420G, the blue light-emitting layer 1420B, and the yellow light-emitting layer 1420Y, recombination occurs between holes injected from the first electrode 141 or the charge generation layer 1427 and electrons injected from the second electrode 143 or the charge generation layer 1427, and the red light, green light, blue light, and yellow light can be emitted.

[0068] (Second electrode 143) The second electrode 143 is provided on the first surface side of the OLED layer 142. The second electrode 143 is connected between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11, and is an electrode common to the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W.

[0069] The second electrode 143 is a cathode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 143, electrons are injected from the second electrode 143 into the OLED layer 142. The second electrode 143 is translucent to the white light emitted from the OLED layer 142. The second electrode 143 is preferably a transparent electrode that is transparent to visible light.

[0070] In order to improve luminous efficiency, it is preferable that the second electrode 143 be made of a material that is as transparent as possible and has a small work function. The second electrode 143 is made of, for example, at least one layer of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. More specifically, the second electrode 143 is made of a single layer film of a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a laminate film of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the second electrode 143 is made of a laminate film, the metal layer may be provided on the OLED layer 142 side, or the transparent conductive oxide layer may be provided on the OLED layer 142 side. However, from the viewpoint of having a layer with a low work function adjacent to the OLED layer 142, it is preferable that the metal layer be provided on the OLED layer 142 side.

[0071] The metal layer contains, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The metal layer may contain the at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of the alloy include an MgAg alloy, an MgAl alloy, and an AlLi alloy. The transparent conductive oxide layer contains a transparent conductive oxide. Examples of the transparent conductive oxide include the same materials as the transparent conductive oxide of the first electrode 141 described above.

[0072] (Insulating Layer 15) The insulating layer 15 is provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in a portion between the separated first electrodes 141. The insulating layer 15 is an insulating layer for element isolation and can insulate the first electrodes 141 adjacent in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The insulating layer 15 has a plurality of openings 15a. The plurality of openings 15a are provided corresponding to the respective light-emitting elements 14W. Each opening 15a may be provided on the first surface (the surface facing the OLED layer 142) of the first electrode 141. That is, the peripheral portion of the first surface of each first electrode 141 may be covered by the insulating layer 15. The first electrode 141 and the OLED layer 142 come into contact with each other through the openings 15a. The shape of the openings 15a in a plan view is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a substantially rectangular, circular, or elliptical shape.

[0073] The insulating layer 15 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of, for example, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, and novolac resin. The inorganic insulating layer contains, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ) and the like.

[0074] (Protective Layer 16) The protective layer 16 is provided on the first surface of the second electrode 143 and covers the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W. The protective layer 16 is translucent to the white light emitted from the light-emitting elements 14W. The protective layer 16 can protect the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W and the like. For example, the protective layer 16 can prevent moisture from entering the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W and the like from the external environment. Furthermore, when the second electrode 143 is formed of a metal layer, the protective layer 16 may have a function of preventing oxidation of this metal layer.

[0075] The protective layer 16 contains, for example, at least one of an inorganic material and an organic material having low moisture absorption. The protective layer 16 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. When the thickness of the protective layer 16 is increased, a multi-layer structure is preferable. This is because the internal stress in the protective layer 16 can be alleviated. The inorganic material is, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ), silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ), titanium oxide (TiO ｘ ) and aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ The organic material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, photosensitive resins, and the like. The photosensitive resin includes, for example, an ultraviolet-curable resin. Specific examples of the organic material include at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, polyimide resins, novolac resins, epoxy resins, norbornene resins, parylene resins, and the like.

[0076] The protective layer 16 preferably includes a deposition layer in which atomic layers are deposited. The deposition layer may be an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) layer. When the protective layer 16 includes a deposition layer, the effect of the protective layer 16 in suppressing moisture penetration can be improved. The protective layer 16 includes, for example, a metal oxide or a metal nitride. The metal oxide is, for example, aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ) or titanium oxide (TiO ｘ Metal nitrides include, for example, titanium nitride (TiN ｘ ) is included.

[0077] (Planarization Layer 17) The planarization layer 17 is provided on the first surface of the protective layer 16. The planarization layer 17 fills in the irregularities on the first surface of the protective layer 16, and can form a flat first surface on the upper side of the protective layer 16. The planarization layer 17 is translucent to the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 14W. The planarization layer 17 includes, for example, at least one of an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0078] The organic material includes, for example, a cured product of a photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin composition may include either a positive-type photosensitive resin composition or a negative-type photosensitive resin composition. Specific examples of the photosensitive resin composition include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyimide precursor, polybenzoxazole, polybenzoxazole precursor, acrylic resin, phenolic resin, and siloxane resin. Examples of the inorganic material include the same materials as the inorganic material of the protective layer 16.

[0079] (Color Filter 18) The color filter 18 is a so-called on-chip color filter (OCCF). The color filter 18 is provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W. More specifically, the color filter 18 is provided on the first surface of the planarization layer 17. The color filter 18 includes, for example, a plurality of colored layers 180R, a plurality of colored layers 180G, and a plurality of colored layers 180B. In the following description, when the colored layers 180R, 180G, and 180B are referred to collectively without any particular distinction, the colored layers 180R, 180G, and 180B may be simply referred to as colored layers 180.

[0080] The multiple colored layers 180 are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the planarization layer 17 in a specified arrangement pattern. The specified arrangement pattern is as described above for the multiple sub-pixels 10. Each colored layer 180 is provided above the light-emitting element 14W. The center of the colored layer 180 substantially coincides with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 14W in the in-plane direction of the display device 101. The sub-pixel 10R is composed of the light-emitting element 14W and a colored layer 180R provided above the light-emitting element 14W. The sub-pixel 10G is composed of the light-emitting element 14W and a colored layer 180G provided above the light-emitting element 14W. The sub-pixel 10B is composed of the light-emitting element 14W and a colored layer 180B provided above the light-emitting element 14W.

[0081] The coloring layer 180R has a red color. The coloring layer 180R transmits the red light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 14W, but can absorb visible light components other than red light. The coloring layer 180G has a green color. The coloring layer 180G transmits the green light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 14W, but can absorb visible light components other than green light. The coloring layer 180B has a blue color. The coloring layer 180B transmits the blue light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 14W, but can absorb visible light components other than blue light.

[0082] The colored layer 180R includes, for example, a red color resist, the colored layer 180G includes, for example, a green color resist, and the colored layer 180B includes, for example, a blue color resist.

[0083] (Lens Array 19) The lens array 19 is provided on the first surface of the color filter 18. The lens array 19 includes a plurality of lenses 190. The lenses 190 are an example of a light-collecting element. The lenses 190 are convex lenses having a convex light-collecting surface on the side opposite the light-emitting element 14W side. The plurality of lenses 190 are so-called on-chip microlenses (OCLs), and are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the color filter 18 in a specified arrangement pattern. The specified arrangement pattern is as described above as the specified arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10. The center of the lens array 19 substantially coincides with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 14W in the in-plane direction of the display device 101.

[0084] central area R １１ The lens 190 included in the first end region R can collect light emitted upward from the light emitting element 14W and incident via the colored layer 180 in a front direction. ２１ and the second end region R ２２ The lens 190 included in the lens 190 can collect light that is emitted obliquely upward from the light emitting element 14W and enters via the colored layer 180 in a direction at a predetermined angle θ.

[0085] The light-collecting surface of the lens 190 preferably has a convex curved surface shape. Examples of convex curved surfaces include, but are not limited to, a substantially parabolic or substantially hemispherical shape. Here, the term "substantially parabolic or substantially hemispherical" does not necessarily mean a parabolic or hemispherical shape in the strict sense, but includes shapes that are visually perceived as being close to a parabolic or hemispherical shape. For example, this includes a parabolic or hemispherical shape that is distorted or deformed within the range of tolerance, error, etc.

[0086] The refractive index n of the lens 190 １ is the refractive index n of the sealing resin layer 20 ２ The refractive index n of the lens 190 is higher than １ is the refractive index n of the sealing resin layer 20２ , the light can be refracted and focused at the interface between the lens 190 and the sealing resin layer 20. Therefore, the light extraction function can be improved.

[0087] The lens 190 includes, for example, an organic material or an inorganic material that is transparent to visible light. The organic material includes, for example, a photosensitive resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin. The inorganic material includes, for example, silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ) and the like. The lens 190 may contain a filler. The refractive index of the lens 190 can be adjusted by adjusting the content of the filler contained in the lens 190. The filler may be a hollow filler. The filler may be an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be, for example, aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ), titanium oxide (TiO ｘ ) and zirconium oxide (ZrO ｘ ) and the like.

[0088] (Encapsulating resin layer 20) The encapsulating resin layer 20 covers the lens array 19. The encapsulating resin layer 20 can protect each component, such as the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W, from moisture, impact, and the like. The encapsulating resin layer 20 includes a cured product of an encapsulating resin composition. The encapsulating resin composition includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting resin composition and a photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin composition includes, for example, an ultraviolet-curable resin composition. The encapsulating resin layer 20 may be configured with a hard coat layer. In this case, the scratch resistance, weather resistance, and other properties of the display device 101 can be improved.

[0089] [Method for Manufacturing Display Device 101] Hereinafter, an example of a method for manufacturing the display device 101 according to the first embodiment will be described.

[0090] (Step of Forming Dielectric Layer 12) Next, the dielectric layer 12 is formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 by, for example, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.

[0091] (Process for forming PhC layer 13) Next, a dielectric layer for forming the PhC is formed on the first surface of the dielectric layer 12, for example, by CVD. Next, the dielectric layer for forming the PhC is processed using, for example, photolithography technology to form a plurality of voids 132, thereby obtaining the PhC layer 13. Note that the PhC layer 13 may be formed by processing the dielectric layer 12, without separately forming a dielectric layer for forming the PhC on the first surface of the dielectric layer 12.

[0092] (Process for forming first electrodes 141) Next, a metal layer and a metal oxide layer are sequentially formed on the first surface of the PhC layer 13 by, for example, sputtering, and then the metal layer and the metal oxide layer are patterned by, for example, photolithography, thereby forming a plurality of first electrodes 141 on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

[0093] (Step of forming insulating layer 15) Next, the insulating layer 15 is formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 by, for example, a CVD method so as to cover the plurality of first electrodes 141. Next, the insulating layer 15 is processed by, for example, photolithography technology, thereby forming openings 15a on the first surface of each first electrode 141.

[0094] (Step of Forming OLED Layer 142) Next, for example by vapor deposition, the hole injection layer 1421, the hole transport layer 1422, the red light-emitting layer 1420R, the emission separation layer 1423, the blue light-emitting layer 1420B, the green light-emitting layer 1420G, the electron transport layer 1424, and the electron injection layer 1425 are laminated in this order on the first surfaces of the plurality of first electrodes 141 and on the first surface of the insulating layer 15. This forms the OLED layer 142 having a single layer of light-emitting unit U. Note that the OLED layer 142 is not limited to an OLED layer having a single layer of light-emitting unit U, and may be an OLED layer having two layers of light-emitting units U1 and U2, or may be an OLED layer with a different structure.

[0095] (Step of Forming Second Electrode 143) Next, the second electrode 143 is formed on the first surface of the OLED layer 142 by, for example, vapor deposition or sputtering. As a result, a plurality of light-emitting elements 14W are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

[0096] (Step of Forming Protective Layer 16) Next, the protective layer 16 is formed on the first surface of the second electrode 143 by, for example, CVD or vapor deposition.

[0097] (Step of Forming Planarizing Layer 17) Next, the resin composition is applied onto the first surface of the protective layer 16 and then cured by, for example, light irradiation or heating, to form the planarizing layer 17.

[0098] (Process for Forming Color Filter 18) Next, a green color resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 17, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light through a photomask for pattern exposure, followed by development, thereby forming a green colored layer 180G. Next, a red color resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 17, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light through a photomask for pattern exposure, followed by development, thereby forming a red colored layer 180R. Next, a blue color resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 17, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light through a photomask for pattern exposure, followed by development, thereby forming a blue colored layer 180B. In this way, the color filter 18 is formed on the first surface of the planarization layer 17.

[0099] (Lens Array 19 Formation Process) Next, a photosensitive resin serving as a lens material is applied to the first surface of the color filter 18 by, for example, spin coating, and cured by light irradiation to form a photosensitive resin layer serving as a lens material layer. Next, the photosensitive resin layer is patterned by, for example, photolithography, to form a plurality of pillars on the first surface of the color filter 18. Next, the plurality of pillars are processed into a convex curved surface by, for example, reflow processing (heating processing) or etch-back. As a result, a plurality of lenses 190 are formed on the first surface of the color filter 18.

[0100] (Step of forming the encapsulating resin layer 20) Next, an encapsulating resin composition is applied so as to cover the plurality of lenses 190, and then the encapsulating resin composition is cured by, for example, light irradiation or heating, to form the encapsulating resin layer 20. Through the above steps, the display device 101 according to the first embodiment is obtained.

[0101] [Effects] In the display device 101 according to the first embodiment, the central region R１１ The PhC portion 13W and the first end region R ２１ The PhC portion 13W and the second end region R ２２ The PhC units 13W in the central region R can control the light emitted from the light-emitting elements 14W as follows. １１ The PhC section 13W controls the intensity and the emission angle of the light emitted from the light emitting element 14W located on the PhC section 13W, and outputs the emitted light L with a chief ray angle of 0°. １１ The central region R １１ The light can be emitted from the display surface of the first end region R (see FIG. 3A). ２１ The PhC section 13W controls the intensity and the emission angle of the light emitted from the light emitting element 14W located on the PhC section 13W, and adjusts the chief ray angle θ １ The emitted light L ２１１ and chief ray angle θ ２ The emitted light L ２２１ The first end region R ２１ The light can be emitted from the display surface of the second end region R (see FIG. 3B). ２２ The PhC section 13W controls the intensity and the emission angle of the light emitted from the light emitting element 14W located on the PhC section 13W, and adjusts the chief ray angle θ ３ The emitted light L ２２１ and chief ray angle θ ４ The emitted light L ２２２ The second end region R ２２ Therefore, the chief ray angle of the display device 101 can be set to the central region R １１ , first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２ Therefore, the angle of the chief ray of the display device 101 can be set differently depending on the display region R １０ can be varied depending on the position of

[0102] In the display device 101 according to the first embodiment, the PhC layer 13 controls the angle at which the luminance of the light emitted from the light emitting element 14W is maximum within the display region R １０ Inner (specifically, the central region R １１ , first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２) can be set separately. This makes it possible to suppress the influence of the angle dependency of the characteristics of the light emitting element 14W. As a result, １０ This can improve the uniformity of brightness and chromaticity within the display device 101, thereby improving the image quality of the display device 101. Therefore, when the display device 101 is provided in an eyewear device such as a VR device or an AR device, the image quality of the eyewear device can be improved.

[0103] In the display device 101 according to the first embodiment, the above-mentioned display region R １０ Therefore, the above-mentioned effects can be obtained while suppressing an increase in the number of manufacturing steps and an increase in costs.

[0104] In the display device 101 according to the first embodiment, the period of the pores 132 in the PhC layer 13, the size of the pores 132, the structure of the defects 133, etc. are adjusted to reduce the size of the central region R １１ The alignment characteristics of the PhC portion 13W, the first end region R ２１ The alignment characteristics of the PhC portion 13W and the second end region R ２２ Therefore, the alignment characteristics of the PhC portion 13W in the central region R can be set separately. １１ , first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２ The orientation properties of the film can be easily adjusted and controlled.

[0105] 4. Second Embodiment In the first embodiment, an example was described in which the display device 101 includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 14W capable of emitting white light and a color filter 18, and a combination of these elements is capable of displaying a color image (see FIG. 4). However, the colorization method of the display device 101 is not limited to this. In the second embodiment, an example will be described in which the display device 102 includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 14R capable of emitting red light, a plurality of light-emitting elements 14G capable of emitting green light, and a plurality of light-emitting elements 14B capable of emitting blue light, instead of the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W, as shown in FIG. 8. In the following description, when the light-emitting elements 14R, 14G, and 14B are referred to collectively without any particular distinction, the light-emitting elements 14R, 14G, and 14B may be simply referred to as the light-emitting elements 14.

[0106] In the second embodiment, the display device 102 includes a PhC layer 13a instead of the PhC layer 13. From the viewpoint of improving color purity, the display device 102 preferably includes a color filter 18, but the color filter 18 is not an essential component, and the display device 102 does not necessarily have to include the color filter 18. The light-emitting elements 14R, 14G, and 14B and the PhC layer 13a will be described below in order.

[0107] (Light-emitting elements 14R, 14G, 14B) Light-emitting element 14R includes a first electrode 141, an OLED layer 142R, and a second electrode 144, which are arranged in this order on the first surface of the PhC layer 13a. Light-emitting element 14G includes a first electrode 141, an OLED layer 142G, and a second electrode 144, which are arranged in this order on the first surface of the PhC layer 13a. Light-emitting element 14B includes a first electrode 141, an OLED layer 142B, and a second electrode 144, which are arranged in this order on the first surface of the PhC layer 13a.

[0108] (First Electrode 141) The first electrode 141 is the same as that in the first embodiment, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0109] (OLED Layers 142R, 142G, 142B) The OLED layer 142R can emit red light, the OLED layer 142G can emit green light, and the OLED layer 142B can emit blue light.

[0110] OLED layers 142R, 142G, and 142B are each provided between first electrode 141 and second electrode 144. OLED layer 142R includes an organic light-emitting layer capable of emitting red light (hereinafter referred to as a "red organic light-emitting layer"). OLED layer 142R includes an organic light-emitting layer capable of emitting green light (hereinafter referred to as a "green organic light-emitting layer"). OLED layer 142B includes an organic light-emitting layer capable of emitting blue light (hereinafter referred to as a "blue organic light-emitting layer"). In the following description, when the red organic light-emitting layer, green organic light-emitting layer, and blue organic light-emitting layer are referred to collectively without any particular distinction, they may be simply referred to as organic light-emitting layers.

[0111] The OLED layers 142R, 142G, and 142B may be configured with a stacked body including an organic light-emitting layer, in which case some layers (e.g., the electron injection layer) of the stacked body may be inorganic. The OLED layer 142R, for example, includes, in order from the first electrode 141 to the second electrode 144, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. The OLED layer 142G, for example, includes, in order from the first electrode 141 to the second electrode 144, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a green organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. The OLED layer 142G, for example, includes, in order from the first electrode 141 to the second electrode 144, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a blue organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

[0112] The red organic light-emitting layer can emit red light by recombination of holes injected from the first electrode 141 and electrons injected from the second electrode 144. The green organic light-emitting layer can emit green light by the same phenomenon as the red organic light-emitting layer described above. The blue organic light-emitting layer can emit blue light by the same phenomenon as the red organic light-emitting layer described above.

[0113] (Second electrode 144) The second electrode 144 is １０ The second electrodes 144 are individual electrodes provided for the plurality of light emitting elements 14 in the display region R. １０Within the second electrode 144, the second electrode 144 is separated between adjacent light-emitting elements 14 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the PhC layer 13. In other respects, the second electrode 144 is similar to the second electrode 143 in the first embodiment.

[0114] (PhC layer 13a) The PhC layer 13a has a plurality of PhC sections 13R, a plurality of PhC sections 13G, and a plurality of PhC sections 13B. Each PhC section 13R is arranged below the light-emitting element 14R. That is, a PhC section 13R is arranged for each sub-pixel 10R. Each PhC section 13G is arranged below the light-emitting element 14G. That is, a PhC section 13G is arranged for each sub-pixel 10G. Each PhC section 13B is arranged below the light-emitting element 14B. That is, a PhC section 13B is arranged for each sub-pixel 10B.

[0115] central area R １１ The PhC section 13R is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of red light emitted from the light emitting element 14R located on the PhC section 13R, so that the emission direction of the red light is directed in the front direction (direction of angle 0°), and the intensity of the red light emitted in the front direction can be increased. １１ The red light L emitted from the display surface １１ The chief ray angle is 0°.

[0116] central area R １１ The PhC section 13G is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of the green emitted light of the light emitting element 14G located on the PhC section 13G, so that the emission direction of the green emitted light is directed forward (direction of angle 0°), and the green emitted light is enhanced so that its intensity is maximized in the forward direction. １１ Green light L emitted from the display surface １１ The chief ray angle is 0°.

[0117] central area R １１The PhC section 13B is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of blue light emitted from the light emitting element 14B located on the PhC section 13B, so that the emission direction of the blue light is directed to the front direction (direction of angle 0°), and the intensity of the blue light emitted in the front direction can be increased to the maximum. １１ The blue light L emitted from the display surface １１ The chief ray angle is 0°.

[0118] First end region R ２１ The PhC section 13R is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of red light emitted from the light-emitting element 14R located on the PhC section 13R, direct the red light in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction, and enhance the red light so that the intensity is maximized in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction. ２１ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ The chief ray angle of １ and the first end region R ２１ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ The chief ray angle of ２ This becomes:

[0119] First end region R ２１ The PhC section 13G is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of green light emitted from the light-emitting element 14G located on the PhC section 13G, direct the green light in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction, and enhance the green light so that the intensity is maximized in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction. ２１ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ The chief ray angle of １ and the first end region R ２１ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ The chief ray angle of ２ This becomes:

[0120] First end region R ２１The PhC section 13B is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of blue light emitted from the light-emitting element 14R located on the PhC section 13B, direct the blue light in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction, and enhance the blue light so that the intensity is maximized in the first oblique direction and the second oblique direction. ２１ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ The chief ray angle of １ and the first end region R ２１ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ The chief ray angle of ２ This becomes:

[0121] Second end region R ２２ The PhC section 13R is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of red light emitted from the light-emitting element 14R located on the PhC section 13R, direct the red light in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction, and enhance the red light so that the intensity is maximized in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction. ２２ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ The chief ray angle of １ and the second end region R ２２ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ The chief ray angle of ２ This becomes:

[0122] Second end region R ２２ The PhC section 13G is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of the green emitted light of the light-emitting element 14R located on the PhC section 13G, direct the green emitted light in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction, and enhance the green emitted light so that its intensity becomes maximum in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction. ２２ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ The chief ray angle of １ and the second end region R ２２ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ The chief ray angle of ２ This becomes:

[0123] Second end region R ２２The PhC section 13B is configured to control the intensity and emission angle of blue light emitted from the light-emitting element 14R located on the PhC section 13B, direct the blue light in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction, and enhance the blue light so that the intensity is maximized in the third oblique direction and the fourth oblique direction. ２２ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ The chief ray angle of １ and the second end region R ２２ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ The chief ray angle of ２ This becomes:

[0124] First end region R ２１ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ , first end region R ２１ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ , and the first end region R ２１ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ The light distribution characteristics of the first end region R are substantially the same. ２１ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ , first end region R ２１ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ , and the first end region R ２１ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ are almost identical.

[0125] First end region R ２１ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ , first end region R ２１ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ , and the first end region R ２１ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ The light distribution characteristics of the first end region R are substantially the same. ２１ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ２ , first end region R ２１ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２１２Chief ray angle θ ２ , and the first end region R ２１ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ２ are almost identical.

[0126] Second end region R ２２ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ , second end region R ２２ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ , and the second end region R ２２ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ The light distribution characteristics of the second end region R are substantially the same. ２２ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ , second end region R ２２ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ , and the second end region R ２２ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ are almost identical.

[0127] Second end region R ２２ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ , second end region R ２２ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ , and the second end region R ２２ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ The light distribution characteristics of the second end region R are substantially the same. ２２ The red light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ , second end region R ２２ Green light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ , and the second end region R ２２ The blue light L emitted from the display surface ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ are almost identical.

[0128] central area R １１ PhC portions 13R, 13G, 13B, first end region R ２１PhC portions 13R, 13G, 13B, second end region R ２２ As described above, the PhC portions 13R, 13G, and 13B in the central region R have different optical characteristics (control of the chief ray angle and the chief ray intensity). １１ Optical characteristics of the PhC portions 13R, 13G, and 13B, and the first end region R ２１ Optical characteristics of the PhC portions 13R, 13G, and 13B and the second end region R ２２ The optical characteristics of the PhC portions 13R, 13G, and 13B can be obtained by adjusting the period of the holes 132, the size of the holes 132, the structure of the defects 133, and the like.

[0129] [Effects] To facilitate understanding of the effects of the display device 102 according to the second embodiment, the display device 102 according to the second embodiment will be compared with a display device according to a comparative example. Note that the display device according to the comparative example differs from the display device 102 according to the second embodiment in that the display device according to the comparative example does not include the PhC layer 13 a.

[0130] 10A, 10B, and 10C are graphs showing an example of the alignment characteristics of a display device according to a comparative example. More specifically, FIG. 10A shows the alignment characteristics of the first end region R ２１ The red emitted light L Ｒ (Outgoing light L of red sub-pixel Ｒ 10B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R ２１ Green output light L Ｇ (Outgoing light L of green sub-pixel Ｇ 10C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R ２１ The blue output light L Ｂ (Outgoing light L of blue sub-pixel Ｂ 1 is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of

[0131] 11A, 11B, and 11C are graphs showing an example of the alignment characteristics of the display device 102 according to the second embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 11A shows the alignment characteristics of the first end region R ２１ The red emitted light L ２１１Ｒ , L ２１２Ｒ (The emitted light L of the red sub-pixel 10R ２１１Ｒ , L ２１２Ｒ11B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R ２１ Green output light L ２１１Ｇ , L ２１２Ｇ (Outgoing light L of green sub-pixel 10G ２１１Ｇ , L ２１２Ｇ 11C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R ２１ The blue output light L ２１１Ｂ , L ２１２Ｂ (Outgoing light L of blue sub-pixel 10B ２１１Ｂ , L ２１２Ｂ 1 is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of

[0132] In the display device according to the comparative example, for example, as shown in Fig. 9 , the red subpixel has a chief ray angle of 20°, the green subpixel has a chief ray angle of 0°, and the blue subpixel has a chief ray angle of 30°. Therefore, the light distribution characteristics of the red subpixel, the blue subpixel, and the blue subpixel are not aligned but are different from one another, as shown in Fig. 10A , 10B , and 10C . Therefore, in the display device according to the comparative example, the viewing angle characteristics of the red subpixel, the blue subpixel, and the blue subpixel are misaligned.

[0133] In contrast, the display device 102 according to the second embodiment includes the PhC layer 13a, and therefore the light distribution characteristics of the red subpixel 10R, the blue subpixel 10G, and the blue subpixel 10B are aligned as shown in Figures 11A, 11B, and 11C. Therefore, the display device 102 according to the second embodiment can suppress deviations in the viewing angle characteristics of the red subpixel 10R, the blue subpixel 10G, and the blue subpixel 10B.

[0134] <5. Modifications> [Modification 1] Fig. 12 is a plan view of a display device 101 according to Modification 1. Figs. 13A, 13B, and 13C are graphs showing an example of the light distribution characteristics of the display device 101 according to Modification 1. More specifically, Fig. 13A shows a graph of the light distribution characteristics of the central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ 13B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ 13C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the second end region R２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ 10 is a graph showing an example of a light distribution characteristic of the

[0135] As shown in FIG. 12, the display device 101 according to the first modification has a PhC layer 13 that covers a display region R １０ The central region R １１ In other words, the PhC layer 13 has an opening 13b in the central region R １１ The first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２ The display device 102 differs from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment in that the second display device 102 is provided only in the first embodiment.

[0136] First end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ and the light distribution characteristics of the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ The light distribution characteristics of the central region R are the same in the display device 101 according to the first modification and the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIGS. 3B, 3C, 13B, and 13C). １１ The emitted light L １１ The light distribution characteristics of the display device 101 according to the first modification are different from those of the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIGS. 3A and 13A).

[0137] The PhC layer 13 is in the display area R. １０ The central region R １１ By having the opening 13b in the central region R １１ In this case, the emitted light L １１ Since the enhancement of the central region R １１ and the first and second end regions R ２１ , R ２２ The difference in brightness between the two can be further reduced.

[0138] In the above example, the PhC layer 13 is ２１ and the second end region R ２２ The example in which the PhC layer 13 is provided in the central region R １１ and the second end region R ２２ and the first end region R２１ It may be provided only in the

[0139] The display device 102 according to the second embodiment may employ the configuration of the first modified example.

[0140] 14A, 14B, and 14C are graphs showing an example of the light distribution characteristics of the display device 101 according to Modification 2. More specifically, FIG. １１ The emitted light L １１ 14B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ 14C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ 10 is a graph showing an example of a light distribution characteristic of the

[0141] In the first embodiment, the first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ and the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ However, the case where the output light L ２１１ , L ２２１ The chief ray angle of the first end region R is not limited to this example. ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ and the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ More specifically, for example, as shown in FIGS. 14B and 14C, the first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ Chief ray angle θ １ is the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ Chief ray angle θ ３ In this case, the viewing angle in the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) can be made larger than the viewing angle in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction).

[0142] In the first embodiment, the first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ３ and the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ However, the case where the output light L ２１２ , L ２２２ The chief ray angle of the first end region R is not limited to this example. ２１ The emitted light L ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ３ and the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ More specifically, for example, as shown in FIGS. 14B and 14C, the first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１２ Chief ray angle θ ３ is the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２２ Chief ray angle θ ４ It may be larger than

[0143] In addition, the light distribution characteristic of the above-described modified example 2 may be adopted in the display device 102 according to the second embodiment.

[0144] 15 is a plan view of display device 101 according to Modification 3. FIGS. 16A, 16B, 16C, 17A, 17B, and 17C are graphs showing an example of the light distribution characteristics of display device 101 according to Modification 3. More specifically, FIG. 16A shows a graph of the light distribution characteristics of display device 101 in a central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ 16B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic (orientation characteristic in the X-axis direction) of the first intermediate region R ３１ The emitted light L ３１１ , L ３１２ 16C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic (orientation characteristic in the X-axis direction) of the first end region R. ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ 17A is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic (orientation characteristic in the X-axis direction) of the central region R. １１ The emitted light L １１17B is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic (direction characteristic in the Y-axis direction) of the second intermediate region R ３２ The emitted light L ３２１ , L ３２２ 17C is a graph showing an example of the light distribution characteristic (direction characteristic in the Y-axis direction) of the second end region R. ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ 10 is a graph showing an example of light distribution characteristics (orientation characteristics in the Y-axis direction).

[0145] The display device 101 according to the third modification has a principal ray angle of 1000 nm. １０ The central region R １１ , first intermediate region R ３１ , second intermediate region R ３２ , first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２ The display device 102 differs from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment in that the settings are made separately in the above.

[0146] First intermediate region R ３１ is the central region R １１ and the first end region R ２１ The second intermediate region R ３２ is the central region R １１ and the second end region R ２２ As shown in FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C, the display area R １０ In the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of １１ , first intermediate region R ３１ , first end region R ２１ The chief ray angle θ of the emitted light in the order １ , θ ２ This increases the display area R １０ 17A, 17B, and 17C, the difference in brightness within the display area R in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) can be further suppressed. １０ In the short direction (Y-axis direction) of １１ , second intermediate region R ３２ , second end region R ２２ The chief ray angle θ of the emitted light in the order ３ , θ ４This increases the display area R １０ This makes it possible to further suppress the difference in brightness within the display area in the short-side direction (Y-axis direction).

[0147] In addition, the light distribution characteristic of the above-described modified example 3 may be adopted in the display device 102 according to the second embodiment.

[0148] [Modification 4] In the first embodiment, an example has been described in which the PhC layer 13 is provided below the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W (see FIG. 4). However, the arrangement position of the PhC layer 13 is not limited to this example. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, the PhC layer 13 may be provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W.

[0149] When the PhC layer 13 is provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W as described above, the first electrode 141 does not need to be light-transmitting, and may have, for example, a function as a reflective layer that reflects light emitted by the OLED layer 142. When the first electrode 141 has such a function, the first electrode 141 may be composed of, for example, a metal layer, or may be composed of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0150] In the display device 102 according to the second embodiment, the arrangement position of the PhC layer 13 in the fourth modification example may be adopted.

[0151] [Variation 5] In the first embodiment, the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may have a resonator structure that resonates light emitted from the light-emitting element 14W. In this case, the light extraction efficiency of the display device 101 can be improved, and the color purity of the display device 101 can also be improved.

[0152] 19 , the display device 101 may include a reflective layer 21 below the PhC layer 13, specifically below the dielectric layer 12, and a resonator structure may be formed by the reflective layer 21 and the second electrode 143. In this case, the optical distance between the reflective layer 21 and the second electrode 143 may be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 142, the thickness of the dielectric layer 12, or the total thickness of both of these layers.

[0153] As described in Modification 4, when the PhC layer 13 is provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W and the first electrode 141 is a reflective electrode, a resonator structure may be formed by the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 143. In this case, the optical distance between the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 143 may be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 142. The optical distance between the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 143 may be set by varying the phase shift of the first electrode 141 for each of the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B.

[0154] The resonator structure of the sub-pixel 10R can resonate and emphasize the red light contained in the white light emitted by the light-emitting element 14W. The resonator structure of the sub-pixel 10G can resonate and emphasize the green light contained in the white light emitted by the light-emitting element 14W. The resonator structure of the sub-pixel 10B can resonate and emphasize the blue light contained in the white light emitted by the light-emitting element 14W.

[0155] In the second embodiment, the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may have a resonator structure that resonates the red light, green light, and blue light emitted from the light-emitting elements 14R, 14G, and 14B, respectively.

[0156] [Modification 6] In the first embodiment, the PhC layer 13 is formed such that the chief ray angle is θ １ The emitted light L ２１１ and the chief ray angle is θ ２ The emitted light L ２１２ The first end region R ２１ In other words, the PhC layer 13 is configured to be able to emit light from the display surface of the first end region R ２１ Two outgoing lights L are emitted from one sub-pixel 10 located at ２１１ , L ２１２ However, the first end region R ２１ The light emitted from the display surface of the PhC layer 13 is not limited to this example. １ The emitted light L ２１１ Only the first end region R ２１That is, the PhC layer 13 may be configured so that light can be emitted from the display surface of the first end region R ２１ One outgoing light L is emitted from one sub-pixel 10 located at ２１１ In this case, the first end region R ２１ The light emitted from the light emitting element 14W can be utilized more efficiently.

[0157] In the first embodiment, the PhC layer 13 has a principal ray angle of θ ３ The emitted light L ２２１ and the chief ray angle is θ ４ The emitted light L ２２２ The second end region R ２２ In other words, the PhC layer 13 is configured to be able to emit light from the display surface of the second end region R ２２ Two outgoing lights L are emitted from one sub-pixel 10 located at ２２１ , L ２２２ However, the second end region R ２２ The light emitted from the display surface of the PhC layer 13 is not limited to this example. ３ The emitted light L ２２１ Only the second end region R ２２ That is, the PhC layer 13 may be configured so that light can be emitted from the display surface of the second end region R ２２ One outgoing light L is emitted from one sub-pixel 10 located at ２２１ In this case, the second end region R ２２ The light emitted from the light emitting element 14W can be utilized more efficiently.

[0158] In addition, the light distribution characteristic of the above-described sixth modification may be adopted in the display device 102 according to the second embodiment.

[0159] [Modification 7] In the first embodiment, the PhC layer 13 is ２２ The light L emitted from the display surface ２２１ , L ２２２ However, the second end region R ２２The light emitted from the display surface of the PhC layer 13 is not limited to this example. １１ Similarly, the light emitted from the second end region R is parallel to the normal M (i.e., the Z axis) of the display surface and has a chief ray angle of 0°. ２２ The light may be emitted from the display surface.

[0160] In addition, the light distribution characteristic of the above-described modified example 7 may be adopted in the display device 102 according to the second embodiment.

[0161] [Modification 8] In the first embodiment, the central region R １１ , first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２ In the example described above, the center of the colored layer 180 is approximately aligned with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 14W in the in-plane direction of the display device 101, and the center of the lens 190 is approximately aligned with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 14W in the in-plane direction of the display device 101. However, the arrangement of the colored layer 180 and the lens 190 is not limited to this example. For example, the colored layer 180 and the lens 190 may be aligned with the center of the light-emitting region R １１ , first end region R ２１ and the second end region R ２２ may be arranged as follows:

[0162] central area R １１ 20A, the center of the colored layer 180 may be substantially aligned with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 14W in the in-plane direction of the display device 101. ２１ and the second end region R ２２ 20B, the center of the colored layer 180 is located at a position within the display region R １０ This makes it easier for the emitted light, the angle and intensity of which have been controlled by the PhC section 13W, to be transmitted through the colored layer 180.

[0163] central area R １１20A, the center of the lens 190 may be substantially aligned with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 14W in the in-plane direction of the display device 101. ２１ and the second end region R ２２ 20B, the center of the lens 190 is located at a position within the display region R １０ This makes it easier for the lens 190 to focus the emitted light whose angle and intensity have been controlled by the PhC unit 13W.

[0164] In the display device 102 according to the second embodiment, the arrangement of the colored layer 180 and the lens 190 according to the eighth modified example may be adopted.

[0165] [Modification 9] In the first embodiment, the PhC layer 13 has a first end region R ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ The chief ray angle and the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ The chief ray angle of the central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ In the above example, the intensity and the exit angle of the light emitted from the light-emitting elements 14W are controlled so that the angle of the light emitted from the light-emitting elements 14W is larger than the angle of the chief ray of the light emitted from the first end region R. However, the control of the intensity and the exit angle of the light emitted by the PhC layer 13 is not limited to this example. For example, the PhC layer 13 may be configured such that the angle of the light emitted from the first end region R is larger than the angle of the chief ray of the light emitted from the first end region R. ２１ The emitted light L ２１１ , L ２１２ The chief ray angle and the second end region R ２２ The emitted light L ２２１ , L ２２２ The chief ray angle of the central region R １１ The emitted light L １１ The intensity and the exit angle of the light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W may be controlled so that the angle of the chief ray of the light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W is substantially the same as the angle of the chief ray of the light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W.

[0166] [Modification 10] In the first and second embodiments, examples in which the color filter 18 is provided have been described, but a quantum dot layer may be provided instead of the color filter 18, or a quantum dot layer may be provided together with the color filter 18. The quantum dot layer is a color conversion layer that contains quantum dots (semiconductor particles) and can convert the color of light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W. In this case, instead of the plurality of light-emitting elements 14W that can emit white light, a plurality of light-emitting elements 14B that can emit blue light may be provided.

[0167] [Modification 11] In the first and second embodiments, examples have been described in which the light-emitting elements 14W, 14R, 14G, and 14B are OLED elements. However, the light-emitting elements are not limited to these examples, and may be, for example, self-luminous light-emitting elements such as LED (Light Emitting Diode) elements, inorganic electroluminescence (IEL) elements, quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) elements, or semiconductor laser elements. Two or more types of light-emitting elements may be provided in the display device 101.

[0168] [Other Modifications] The first embodiment, the second embodiment, and modifications thereof (hereinafter referred to as "first embodiment, etc.") of the present disclosure have been specifically described above, but the present disclosure is not limited to the first embodiment, etc., and various modifications based on the technical ideas of the present disclosure are possible.

[0169] For example, the configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc., given in the first embodiment, etc., are merely examples, and different configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc., may be used as necessary.

[0170] The configurations, methods, steps, shapes, materials, numerical values, etc. of the first embodiment etc. can be combined with each other as long as they do not deviate from the gist of this disclosure.

[0171] Unless otherwise specified, the materials exemplified in the first embodiment and the like can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

[0172] Two or more of the configurations of Modifications 1 to 11 can be combined.

[0173] The present disclosure may also employ the following configurations. (1) A display device comprising: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally in a display area; and a photonic crystal layer configured to be able to change a chief ray angle depending on a position in the display area by controlling the intensity and emission angle of light emitted by the plurality of light-emitting elements. (2) The display device according to (1), in which the chief ray angle increases from the center toward the edge of the display area. (3) The display device according to (1), in which the chief ray angle in an edge area of ​​the display area is larger than the chief ray angle in a central area of ​​the display area. (4) The display device according to (1), in which the display area has a plurality of areas with different chief ray angles, the plurality of areas being arranged in order from the center toward the edge of the display area, and the chief ray angle is larger in the area located closer to the edge of the display area. (5) The display device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein a chief ray axis in a central region of the display region is parallel to a normal to the display surface, and a chief ray axis in an edge region of the display region is tilted to the outside of the display region with respect to the normal. (6) The display device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein output light emitted from an edge region of the display region includes a first output light and a second output light having different chief ray angles, and wherein a chief ray axis of the first output light is tilted to the outside of the display region with respect to the normal to the display surface, and a chief ray axis of the second output light is tilted to the inside of the display region with respect to the normal. (7) The display device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the photonic crystal layer is provided in an edge region of the display region. (8) The display device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the display region has first end regions at both ends in a first direction and second end regions at both ends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the chief ray angle in the first end regions is different from the chief ray angle in the second end regions. (9) The display device according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements include light-emitting elements of two or more colors, and the structure of the photonic crystal layer is different for each emission color of the light-emitting elements.(10) The display device according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the photonic crystal layer is provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements. (11) The display device according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the photonic crystal layer is provided below the plurality of light-emitting elements. (12) An electronic device including the display device according to any one of (1) to (11).

[0174] <6. Examples of Leakage Suppression Structure> The OLED layer 142 of the display device 101 according to the first embodiment and the display device 101 according to its modified examples is connected between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11, and is a layer common to multiple light-emitting elements 14W. For this reason, in the display device 101 according to the first embodiment and the display device 101 according to its modified examples, there is a risk of current leakage occurring between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W. Below, examples of leakage suppression structures for suppressing such current leakage between light-emitting elements 14W will be described. Note that in the following first to seventh examples, examples will be described in which the OLED layer 142 has two light-emitting units U1 and U2.

[0175] (Leakage Suppression Structure: First Example) Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of the leakage suppression structure. Note that in Fig. 21, layers above the second electrode 143 are not shown. Similarly, in the cross-sectional views for explaining the leakage suppression structures of the second to ninth examples, layers above the second electrode 143 are not shown.

[0176] The insulating layer 15 has an opening 15a above each first electrode 141, and covers the periphery of the first surface of the first electrode 141 and the side surface (end surface) of the first electrode 141. Specifically, the insulating layer 15 has a side wall portion 15b and an extension portion 15c. The side wall portion 15b stands perpendicular to the first surface of the drive substrate 11 and covers the side surface of the first electrode 141. The extension portion 15c extends from the upper end of the inner circumferential surface of the side wall portion 15b toward the center of the first surface of the first electrode 141 and covers the periphery of the first surface of the first electrode 141.

[0177] The inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 has eave-shaped protruding portion 152b that protrudes toward the center of opening 15a. Protruding portion 152b is spaced apart from the first surface of first electrode 141. Protruding portion 152b is preferably provided along the entire periphery of opening 15a, but may be provided along a portion of the entire periphery of opening 15a.

[0178] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 are disconnected or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 152b (region A shown in FIG. 21 ). This makes it possible to suppress current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W. Here, "high resistance" refers to the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 becoming extremely thin at the overhanging portion 152b, resulting in high resistance. The disconnection or high resistance of the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 caused by the overhanging portion 152b can occur due to the shadowing effect of the overhanging portion 152b during film formation of the OLED layer 142. A gap 152c may be formed between the overhanging portion 152b and the first electrode 141.

[0179] The insulating layer 15 has a first insulating layer 151 and a second insulating layer 152, which are arranged in this order on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 and the first surface of the first electrode 141. The first insulating layer 151 has a plurality of first openings 151a. The second insulating layer 152 has a plurality of second openings 152a. The opening 15a is composed of overlapping first openings 151a and second openings 152a. The inner periphery of the second opening 152a in the second insulating layer 152 protrudes further inward from the opening 15a than the inner periphery of the first opening 151a in the first insulating layer 151, forming a protruding portion 152b.

[0180] 22 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of the leakage suppression structure. The second example differs from the first example in that the insulating layer 15 includes a third insulating layer 153 in addition to the first insulating layer 151 and the second insulating layer 152.

[0181] The third insulating layer 153 is provided between the drive substrate 11 and the first insulating layer 151, and between the first electrode 141 and the first insulating layer 151. The third insulating layer 153 has a third opening 153a on the first surface of the first electrode 141. In the second example, the opening 15a is composed of a first opening 151a, a second opening 152a, and a third opening 153a that are overlapped with each other. The inner periphery of the third opening 153a protrudes further inward than the inner periphery of the first opening 151a. A gap 152c may be formed between the protruding portion 152b and the third insulating layer 153.

[0182] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Third and Fourth Examples) In the first and second examples, examples have been described in which the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 has one protruding portion 152b. However, the number of protruding portions that the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 has is not limited to these examples, and the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 may have two or more protruding portions. Below, an example (third example) in which the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 has two protruding portions and an example (fourth example) in which the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 has three protruding portions will be described.

[0183] 23 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of the leakage suppression structure. The third example differs from the second example in that insulating layer 15 has fourth insulating layer 154 and fifth insulating layer 155 in this order on the first surface of second insulating layer 152, and the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 has two eave-like protrusions 152b and 155b.

[0184] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 152b and the overhanging portion 155b. The overhanging portion 155b is provided at a higher position than the overhanging portion 152b with respect to the first surface of the first electrode 141, and is spaced apart from the first surface of the second insulating layer 152. The overhanging portion 155b is set back more away from the center of the opening 15a than the overhanging portion 152b.

[0185] The fourth insulating layer 154 has a fourth opening 154a. The fifth insulating layer 155 has a fifth opening 155a. In the third example, the opening 15a is composed of a first opening 151a, a second opening 152a, a third opening 153a, a fourth opening 154a, and a fifth opening 155a, which are overlapping each other. The inner periphery of the fourth opening 154a is recessed in a direction away from the center of the opening 15a relative to the inner peripheries of the second opening 152a and the fifth opening 155a. The inner periphery of the fifth opening 155a protrudes more inward from the opening 15a than the fourth opening 154a, forming a protruding portion 155b.

[0186] 24 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of the leakage suppression structure. The fourth example differs from the third example in that insulating layer 15 has sixth insulating layer 156 and seventh insulating layer 157 in this order on the first surface of fifth insulating layer 155, and the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 has three eave-like protrusions 152b, 155b, and 157b.

[0187] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 152b, the overhanging portion 155b, and the overhanging portion 157b. The overhanging portion 157b is provided at a higher position than the overhanging portion 155b with respect to the first surface of the first electrode 141, and is spaced apart from the first surface of the fifth insulating layer 155. The overhanging portion 157b is set back more away from the center of the opening 15a than the overhanging portion 155b.

[0188] The sixth insulating layer 156 has a sixth opening 156a. The seventh insulating layer 157 has a seventh opening 157a. In the fourth example, the opening 15a is composed of a first opening 151a, a second opening 152a, a third opening 153a, a fourth opening 154a, a fifth opening 155a, a sixth opening 156a, and a seventh opening 157a, which are all overlapping each other. The inner periphery of the sixth opening 156a is recessed in a direction away from the center of the opening 15a relative to the inner peripheries of the fifth opening 155a and the seventh opening 157a. The inner periphery of the seventh opening 157a protrudes inward from the sixth opening 156a, forming a protruding portion 157b.

[0189] 25 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth example of a leakage suppression structure. The fifth example differs from the second example in that insulating layer 15 includes first insulating layer 151, second insulating layer 152, and third insulating layer 153, as well as eighth insulating layer 158, and that the inner periphery of opening 15a in insulating layer 15 includes two eave-shaped protrusions 152b and 153b.

[0190] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 152b and the overhanging portion 153b. The overhanging portion 153b overhangs more inwardly of the opening 15a than the overhanging portion 152b. The overhanging portion 153b is located at a lower position than the overhanging portion 152b with respect to the first surface of the first electrode 141. The overhanging portion 153b is spaced apart from the first surface of the first electrode 141.

[0191] The eighth insulating layer 158 is provided between the drive substrate 11 and the third insulating layer 153, and between the first electrode 141 and the third insulating layer 153. The eighth insulating layer 158 has an eighth opening 158a. In the fifth example, the opening 15a is composed of a first opening 151a, a second opening 152a, a third opening 153a, and an eighth opening 158a, which are overlapped with each other. The inner periphery of the third opening 153a in the third insulating layer 153 protrudes further inward from the opening 15a than the inner periphery of the eighth opening 158a in the eighth insulating layer 158, thereby forming a protruding portion 153b.

[0192] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Sixth Example) Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view of a sixth example of a leakage suppression structure. The sixth example differs from the first example in that insulating layer 15 has protrusion 15b1 on the outer periphery of side wall 15b instead of protrusion 152b on the inner periphery of opening 15a. Although Figure 26 shows an example in which insulating layer 15 has a single-layer structure, it may also have a laminated structure of two or more layers.

[0193] The protruding portion 15b1 protrudes outward from the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b. A recess 15b2 is provided at a position a predetermined distance below the upper end of the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b. By providing the recess 15b2 on the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b in this manner, the protruding portion 15b1 is configured at the upper end of the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b. The protruding portion 15b1 and the recess 15b2 are preferably provided around the entire periphery of the side wall portion 15b, but may be provided on a portion of the entire periphery of the side wall portion 15b.

[0194] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generating layer 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 are cut off or made highly resistant by the protruding portion 152b (area A shown in FIG. 26), which makes it possible to suppress current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W.

[0195] In the sixth example, the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b has one protrusion 15b1 and one recess 15b2. However, the number of protrusions 15b1 and recesses 15b2 on the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b is not limited to this example, and the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b may have two or more protrusions 15b1 and two or more recesses 15b2. In this case, the two or more recesses 15b2 may be arranged sequentially at a predetermined distance from the top end to the bottom end of the outer periphery of the side wall portion 15b.

[0196] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Seventh Example) Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of a seventh example of the leakage suppression structure. A groove 15Gv is provided between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W. The groove 15Gv may be provided between light-emitting elements 14W adjacent in a predetermined direction (e.g., the Y-axis direction), or may be provided so as to surround the light-emitting element 14W. The groove 15Gv is formed across the insulating layer 15, the PhC layer 13, the dielectric layer 12, and the insulating layer 112.

[0197] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 are cut or made highly resistant by the groove 15Gv. This makes it possible to suppress current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 14W. Here, "high resistance" refers to the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 being made extremely thin within the groove 15Gv, as shown in FIG. 28 . Of the layers included in the OLED layer 142, the light-emitting unit U2 located above the charge generation layer 1427 straddles the groove 15Gv.

[0198] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Other Examples) In the first to seventh examples, the OLED layer 142 has two light-emitting units U1 and U2. However, the configuration of the OLED layer 142 is not limited to these examples, and the OLED layer 142 may have a single light-emitting unit U, or may have three or more light-emitting units U.

[0199] In the first to seventh examples, the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 152b, 153b, 155b, 157b, and 15b1 and the grooves 15Gv (hereinafter referred to as "overhanging portions 152b and grooves 15Gv, etc."). However, the layers that are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 152b and grooves 15Gv, etc. are not limited to these examples. For example, the hole injection layer 1221 or the hole transport layer 1222 included in the OLED layer 142 may be cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 152b and grooves 15Gv, etc., or both the hole injection layer 1221 and the hole transport layer 1222 included in the OLED layer 142 may be cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 152b and grooves 15Gv, etc. When the OLED layer 142 has three or more light-emitting units U, two or more light-emitting units U and two or more charge generating layers 1427 included in the OLED layer 142 may be cut or made highly resistant by the protrusion 152b and the groove 15Gv, etc.

[0200] <7 Application Examples> (Electronic Devices) The display device 101 according to the first embodiment, the display device 101 according to a modified example of the first embodiment, the display device 102 according to the second embodiment, and the display device 102 according to a modified example of the second embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the "display device 101 according to the first embodiment, etc.") may be provided in various electronic devices. The display device 101 according to the first embodiment, etc. is particularly suitable for eyewear devices such as head-mounted displays, or electronic viewfinders for video cameras or single-lens reflex cameras that require high resolution and are used in close proximity to the eyes with magnification.

[0201] 29A and 29B show an example of the appearance of a digital still camera 310. This digital still camera 310 is an interchangeable lens single-lens reflex type, and has an interchangeable taking lens unit (interchangeable lens) 312 located approximately in the center of the front of a camera main body 311, and a grip part 313 for the photographer to hold on the left side of the front.

[0202] A monitor 314 is provided at a position shifted to the left from the center on the back of the camera body 311. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 315 is provided above the monitor 314. By looking through the electronic viewfinder 315, the photographer can visually confirm the optical image of the subject guided by the photographing lens unit 312 and determine the composition. The electronic viewfinder 315 includes any of the display devices 101 according to the first embodiment.

[0203] 30 shows an example of the appearance of a head-mounted display 320. The head-mounted display 320 is an example of an eyewear device. The head-mounted display 320 has, for example, ear hooks 322 on both sides of a glasses-shaped display unit 321 for wearing on the user's head. The display unit 321 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to the first embodiment, etc.

[0204] 31 shows an example of the appearance of a television device 330. This television device 330 has, for example, an image display screen unit 331 including a front panel 332 and a filter glass 333, and this image display screen unit 331 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to the first embodiment, etc.

[0205] 32 shows an example of the appearance of a see-through head mounted display 340. The see-through head mounted display 340 is an example of an eyewear device. The see-through head mounted display 340 includes a main body 341, an arm 342, and a lens barrel 343.

[0206] The main body 341 is connected to the arm 342 and the glasses 350. Specifically, an end of the long side of the main body 341 is coupled to the arm 342, and one side of the main body 341 is connected to the glasses 350 via a connecting member. The main body 341 may also be worn directly on the head of a human body.

[0207] The main body 341 incorporates a control board for controlling the operation of the see-through head mounted display 340 and a display unit. The arm 342 connects the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343 and supports the lens barrel 343. Specifically, the arm 342 is coupled to an end of the main body 341 and an end of the lens barrel 343, respectively, and fixes the lens barrel 343. The arm 342 also incorporates a signal line for communicating data related to images provided from the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343.

[0208] The lens barrel 343 projects image light provided from the main body 341 via the arm 342, through an eyepiece 351, toward the eyes of a user wearing the see-through head mounted display 340. In this see-through head mounted display 340, the display unit of the main body 341 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to the first embodiment.

[0209] 33 shows an example of the appearance of a smartphone 360. The smartphone 360 ​​includes a display unit 361 that displays various information, an operation unit 362 that includes buttons and the like that accept operation inputs from the user, and the like. The display unit 361 includes any of the display devices 101 and the like according to the first embodiment.

[0210] (Specific Example 6) The display device 101 according to the first embodiment and the like may be provided in various displays provided in vehicles.

[0211] 34A and 34B are diagrams showing an example of the internal configuration of a vehicle 500 equipped with various displays. Specifically, Fig. 34A is a diagram showing an example of the internal appearance of the vehicle 500 from the rear to the front of the vehicle 500, and Fig. 34B is a diagram showing an example of the internal appearance of the vehicle 500 from diagonally rear to diagonally front of the vehicle 500.

[0212] The vehicle 500 includes a center display 501, a console display 502, a head-up display 503, a digital rearview mirror 504, a steering wheel display 505, and a rear entertainment display 506. At least one of these displays includes any of the display devices 101, etc. according to the first embodiment. For example, all of these displays may include any of the display devices 101, etc. according to the first embodiment.

[0213] The center display 501 is disposed in a portion of the dashboard facing the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. While FIGS. 34A and 34B show an example of a horizontally elongated center display 501 extending from the driver's seat 508 to the passenger seat 509, the screen size and location of the center display 501 are arbitrary. The center display 501 can display information detected by various sensors. As a specific example, the center display 501 can display an image captured by an image sensor, a distance image to obstacles in front of or to the side of the vehicle 500 measured by a ToF sensor, the body temperature of a passenger detected by an infrared sensor, and the like. The center display 501 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information.

[0214] The safety-related information includes information such as detection of drowsiness, distraction, child mischief, whether a seatbelt is fastened, and whether a passenger has been abandoned. This information is detected, for example, by a sensor placed on the rear side of the center display 501. The operation-related information is obtained by detecting gestures related to passenger operations using a sensor. The detected gestures may include operations of various equipment within the vehicle 500. For example, operations of the air conditioning system, navigation system, AV system, lighting system, etc. are detected. The life log includes life logs of all passengers. For example, the life log includes a record of each passenger's actions while on board. By acquiring and saving the life log, the condition of the passenger at the time of the accident can be confirmed. The health-related information is obtained by detecting the passenger's body temperature using a sensor such as a temperature sensor, and inferring the passenger's health condition based on the detected body temperature. Alternatively, an image sensor may be used to capture an image of the passenger's face, and the passenger's health condition may be inferred from the facial expression in the image. Furthermore, the system may have an automated voice conversation with the occupant and estimate the occupant's health condition based on the occupant's responses. The authentication / identification-related information includes a keyless entry function that uses a sensor to perform facial authentication, a function that automatically adjusts seat height and position using facial recognition, etc. The entertainment-related information includes a function that uses a sensor to detect operation information of an AV device by the occupant, a function that recognizes the occupant's face using a sensor and provides content suitable for the occupant via the AV device, etc.

[0215] The console display 502 can be used to display, for example, life log information. The console display 502 is disposed near a shift lever 511 on a center console 510 between a driver's seat 508 and a passenger seat 509. Information detected by various sensors can also be displayed on the console display 502. Furthermore, the console display 502 may display an image of the vehicle's surroundings captured by an image sensor, or an image showing the distance to an obstacle around the vehicle.

[0216] The head-up display 503 is virtually displayed behind the windshield 512 in front of the driver's seat 508. The head-up display 503 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. Because the head-up display 503 is often virtually located in front of the driver's seat 508, it is suitable for displaying information directly related to the operation of the vehicle 500, such as the speed of the vehicle 500 and the remaining fuel (battery) level.

[0217] The digital rearview mirror 504 can not only display the rear of the vehicle 500 but also the status of passengers in the rear seats. Therefore, by placing a sensor on the back side of the digital rearview mirror 504, it can be used to display life log information, for example.

[0218] The steering wheel display 505 is disposed near the center of the steering wheel 513 of the vehicle 500. The steering wheel display 505 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, because the steering wheel display 505 is located near the driver's hands, it is suitable for displaying life log information such as the driver's body temperature, and for displaying information related to the operation of AV equipment, air conditioning equipment, etc.

[0219] The rear entertainment display 506 is attached to the back side of the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509 and is intended for viewing by rear seat passengers. The rear entertainment display 506 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, since the rear entertainment display 506 is located directly in front of the rear seat passengers, information related to the rear seat passengers is displayed on the rear entertainment display 506. For example, the rear entertainment display 506 may display information related to the operation of an AV device or an air conditioning system, or may display the results of measuring the body temperature of the rear seat passengers using a temperature sensor.

[0220] A sensor may be arranged on the rear surface of the display device 101 or the like, enabling distances to surrounding objects to be measured. Optical distance measurement methods are broadly divided into passive and active types. Passive methods measure distance by receiving light from an object without projecting light from the sensor onto the object. Passive methods include the lens focusing method, the stereo method, and the monocular vision method. Active methods measure distance by projecting light onto an object and receiving reflected light from the object with a sensor. Active methods include the optical radar method, the active stereo method, the photometric stereo method, the moire topography method, and the interferometry method. The display device 101 or the like according to the first embodiment can be applied to any of these distance measurement methods. The above-described passive or active distance measurement can be performed by using a sensor arranged on the rear surface of the display device 101.

[0221] 10R, 10G, 10B Subpixel 11 Drive substrate 111 Substrate 112 Insulating layer 12 Dielectric layer 13 Photonic crystal layer (PhC layer) 131 Base material 132 Hole 133 Defect 14W, 14R, 14G, 14B Light-emitting element 141 First electrode 142 OLED layer 143, 144 Second electrode 15 Insulating layer 15a Opening 16 Protective layer 17 Planarization layer 18 Color filter 180R, 180G, 180B Colored layer 19 Lens array 191 Lens 20 Sealing resin layer 21 Reflective layer 101, 102 Display device 310 Digital still camera 320 Head-mounted display 330 Television device 340 See-through head-mounted display 360 Smartphone 500 Vehicle U1, U2 Lighting Unit R １０ Display area R １１ Central area R ２１ First end area R ２２ Second end area R ３１ First intermediate area R ３２ 2nd intermediate area

Claims

1. A display device comprising: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally in a display area; and a photonic crystal layer configured to enable the chief ray angle to be changed depending on the position in the display area by controlling the intensity and emission angle of light emitted by the plurality of light-emitting elements.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the chief ray angle increases from the center to the edge of the display area.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the chief ray angle in an edge region of the display region is larger than the chief ray angle in a central region of the display region.

4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display area has a plurality of areas each having a different chief ray angle, the plurality of areas being arranged in sequence from the center toward the edge of the display area, and the chief ray angle is larger for the area located closer to the edge of the display area.

5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the chief ray axis in the central region of the display region is parallel to the normal to the display surface, and the chief ray axis in the edge regions of the display region is inclined to the outside of the display region with respect to the normal.

6. The display device of claim 1, wherein the outgoing light emitted from an edge region of the display region includes a first outgoing light and a second outgoing light having different chief ray angles, the chief ray axis of the first outgoing light is inclined to the outside of the display region with respect to a normal to the display surface, and the chief ray axis of the second outgoing light is inclined to the inside of the display region with respect to the normal.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal layer is provided in an end region of the display region.

8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display region has first end regions at both ends in a first direction and second end regions at both ends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the chief ray angle in the first end region is different from the chief ray angle in the second end region.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements include light-emitting elements of two or more colors, and the structure of the photonic crystal layer differs for each emission color of the light-emitting elements.

10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal layer is provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal layer is provided below the plurality of light-emitting elements.

12. An electronic device comprising the display device according to claim 1.

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