Discard notifying
The access node's discard notification mechanism addresses the challenge of managing lost or discarded PDUs in XR services by instructing the user plane function to discard remaining PDUs, thereby conserving network resources and improving capacity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/129473
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
AI Technical Summary
In telecommunications networks, especially those supporting Extended Reality (XR) services, there is a challenge in efficiently managing protocol data units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set when some PDUs are lost or discarded, leading to unnecessary resource utilization and network capacity wastage.
An access node is designed to detect when PDUs belonging to a PDU set are lost or discarded, and upon satisfying certain conditions, it transmits a discard notification to the user plane function, instructing it to discard the remaining PDUs in the PDU set.
This solution prevents the unnecessary buffering and transmission of PDUs, conserving network resources and improving capacity by ensuring that only needed PDUs are processed and transmitted.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023129473_08052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DISCARD NOTIFYING
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunications and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable storage medium for notifying a user plane function of a telecommunication network to discard protocol data units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set.BACKGROUND
[0003] Extended Reality (XR) services comprise services based on various types of realities, e.g., Virtual Reality (VR) , Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) , and / or the like. XR services are provided to communication devices (e.g., user equipment) by an XR application server (e.g., a server hosting an XR application) . An XR application server may send downlink (DL) PDUs (e.g., one or more protocol data units (PDUs) that carry one unit of information generated at by the XR application, such as frame (s) or video slice (s) for an Extended Reality (XR) service to a communication device via a telecommunication network comprising a user plane function (UPF) of a core network and an access node of an access network. All the PDUs belonging to a PDU set may be transmitted within one quality of service (QoS) flow. When Integrated Handling Information (PSIHI) is set in the access node for a QoS flow, if one PDU belonging to a PDU set is known to be lost or discarded, the remaining PDUs of that PDU set may be considered to be no longer needed by an application layer and may be discarded.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an access node. The access node comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the access node at least to: receive at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function; and based on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, determine to transmit, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied, wherein the discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0005] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions of a network function that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, transmit an activation request to an access node, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0006] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions of a user plane function that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function, and discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set t the user plane function.
[0007] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function; and based on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, determining to transmit, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied, wherein the discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0008] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, transmitting an activation request to an access node, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0009] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function, and discarding one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0010] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function; and means for based on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded, determining to transmit, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied, wherein the discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0011] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, transmitting an activation request to an access node, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0012] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a third apparatus. The third apparatus comprises means for receiving a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function, and means for discarding one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0013] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth, fifth or sixth aspect.
[0014] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network that connects user equipment to an extended reality application server in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram for an example process according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an example method for an access node in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example method for a network function of a core network of the communication network illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with some other example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of another example method for a user plane function in accordance with some other example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a computing system that is suitable for implementing one or more core network functions of the communication network illustrated in FIG. 1; and
[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0025] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0026] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0027] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0028] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0029] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0030] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes” , “including” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0031] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0032] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0033] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0034] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0035] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0036] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0037] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term “circuitry” in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0038] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0039] As used herein, the term “access node” or “access network node” refers to a device in a communication network via which user equipment accesses a core network and receives services from the core network. The access network node can be a wireless access network node or a wireline access network node. Examples of the wireless access network nodes may include, but be not limited to, a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , an Next Generation Radio Access Network Node (also referred to as an NG-RAN node) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, a RAN node (for example, a gNB) may include a Centralized Unit (CU) and one or more Distributed Units (DUs) connected to the CU. Examples of the wireless access network nodes may include, but be not limited to, a Wireline 5G Access Network (W-5GAN) node, for example, a Wireline 5G BBF Access Network (W-5GBAN) node or a Wireline 5G Cable Access Network (W-5GCAN) node.
[0040] As used herein, a core network device or a network function of a core network may be any computing device or computing system that includes hardware (e.g., at least one processor and at least one memory) and software of one or more network functions of a core network. Examples of core network devices may include, but be not limited to, an evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePGW) , a trusted wireless local area network (WLAN) access network (TWAN) node, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , a Session Management Function (SMF) , a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) , a Serving Gateway (SGW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW) , an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , a Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , a Unified Data Management (UDM) , a Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , a Network Exposure Function (NEF) , a User Plane Function (UPF) , and / or a Policy Control Function (PCF) .
[0041] The term “user equipment” refers to any device that is capable of wireless communication with a communication network. By way of example rather than limitation, user equipment may also be referred to as a communication device, terminal device, a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . A user equipment may be a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0042] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing communication, for example, communication between user equipment and an access node, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0043] As used herein, the term “Extended Reality” or “XR” refers to real-and-virtual combined environments where human-machine interactions are generated by computers and wearables (e.g., user equipment) . XR is an umbrella term for different types of realities, e.g., Virtual Reality (VR) , Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) , and / or the like.
[0044] As used herein, the term “protocol data unit set” or “PDU set” includes one or more protocol data units (PDUs) carrying payload of one unit of information generated at an application level (e.g., video frame (s) , video slice (s) , and / or the like for XR services) . All the PDUs belonging to a PDU set are transmitted within a single quality of service (QoS) flow.
[0045] The PDU set based QoS handling by an access node, for example, a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) , is performed based on the PDU set QoS parameters, such as a PDU set Delay Budget (PSDB) , a PDU set Error Rate (PSER) and PDU set Integrated Handling Information (generally referred to as PDU set Integrated Handling Information (PSIHI) ) . PSIHI indicates whether all PDUs belonging to a PDU set are needed for the usage of the PDU set by the application layer in a receiver (e.g., user equipment) . When the PSIHI is set for a QoS flow, if one PDU belonging to a PDU set is known to be lost, the remaining PDUs belonging to that PDU set may be considered as no longer needed by the application layer and may be discarded by the transmitter (e.g., a UPF of a 5G core network) .
[0046] To support the PDU set based QoS handling, a PDU session anchor (PSA) user plane function (UPF) identifies PDUs that belong to a PDU set and determines the following information about the PDU set (generally referred to as PDU set information) which the PSA-UPF sends to a NG-RAN node in a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnel Protocol User Plane (GTP-U) header. The PDU set information is used by the NG-RAN node for the PDU set based QoS handling. The PDU set information may include a sequence number for a PDU set (also called a PDU set sequence number) , an indication of an end PDU belonging to the PDU set, a sequence number for a PDU (also called a PDU sequence number) within a PDU set, and / or a size of PDU set (also called a PDU set size) in bytes.
[0047] The PDU set information may further include PDU set importance (PSI) which may identify the relative importance of a PDU set compared to other PDU sets within a QoS flow. The NG-RAN node may use a priority level across QoS flows and PSI within a QoS flow for packet discarding at a PDU set level in presence of congestion.
[0048] A PDU set may comprise PDUs of a video frame. These PDUs may be quite large (e.g., 1500 bytes) . Many of these PDUs are required to transport a video frame. A downlink (DL) PDU set may include one or more of the following DL PDUs: DL PDU (s) that have been transmitted to user equipment (UE) ; DL PDU (s) buffered in a NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) and awaiting for transmission to the UE; DL PDU (s) buffered in the UPF and awaiting for transmission to the NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) ; DL PDU (s) buffered in an application server (AS) hosting an XR application and awaiting for transmission to the PSA-UPF; and potential DL PDUs buffered in an intermediate transport network node, e.g., a router, between the PSA-UPF and the AS.
[0049] If PSIHI is set for a QoS flow and a PDU belonging to a PDU set is discarded in the NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) , for example, if a DL PDU is discarded when the PDCP discard timer expires, there is no need to continue buffering and transmission of the remaining PDUs belonging to the PDU set. The NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) may discard the buffered DL PDUs belonging to the same PDU set. However, there may be some PDUs belonging to the PDU set which have been buffered and not transmitted to the NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) yet. For example, such PDUs may include the PDUs buffered in the PSA-UPF and AS. If transmission of these PDUs to the NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) continues, resources of the transport network between the PSA-UPF and the AS, and resources of access network between the NG-RAN node and the UE, may be wasted.
[0050] Moreover, in case the UE is in handover (HO) to a target NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) , the source NG-RAN node may already discard one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set. After the UE connects with the target NG-RAN node, the UPF sends the remaining PDUs belonging to the PDU set to the target NG-RAN node. However, the target NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) cannot know that the PDU (s) belonging to the PDU set can be discarded and may continue transmit these PDUs to the UE, which will be finally discarded by the UE due to the lack of all PDUs belonging to the PDU set. It is a waste for the UPF to forward the remaining PDUs of the affected PDU set to the target NG-RAN node, and for NG-RAN node to transmit the remaining PDUs of the affected PDU set to the UE.
[0051] Therefore, there is a need to avoid the buffering and / or transmission of the remaining DL PDUs belonging to a PDU set when a NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) has already been determined that the PDUs belonging to the PDU set can be discarded.
[0052] Example embodiments of the present disclosure propose a discard notifying solution. In this solution, an access node receives at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function. Based on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, the access node transmits, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied. The discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0053] By way of example, if a gNB has determined that a PDU set cannot be successfully sent because some PDUs belonging to the PDU set have already been lost, the gNB may determine to transmit, to a UPF, a discard notification which indicates that the UPF may discard the buffered or received PDUs belonging to the affected PDU set. Thus, storage and processing resources of a core network device comprising or implementing the UPF may be saved. Further, resources of the communication network may be saved, and capacity of a communication network may be improved.
[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network 100 that connects user equipment to an extended reality application server in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0055] The communication network 100 comprises a UE 110 and an access node (AN) 120 (such as a gNB) which may communicate with each other. A communication link or link between from the AN 120 to the UE 110 is referred to as DL while a communication link or link from the UE 110 to the AN 120 is referred to as UL. In DL, the AN 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) , and the UE 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the UE 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) , and the AN 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0056] The communication network 100 further comprises one or more network functions of a core network (generally referred to as core network functions) which may comprise a UPF 130, an access and mobility management function (AMF) 140, a session management function (SMF) 150, and a policy control function (PCF) 160. The UPF 130 may be capable of data buffering, routing and transferring. PDUs and PDU sets may be communicated between the AN 120 and the UPF 130 via a user plane protocol, for example, General Packet Radio System (GPRS) Tunnelling Protocol User Plane (GTP-U) . In some example embodiments, the UPF 130 may communicate DL PDUs set by an XR application server 165, to the AN 120 and further to the UE 110.
[0057] The SMF 150 is a network function in a control plane which may interact with network elements of a user plane and provide PDU session management. The AMF 140 may transfer session management messages between the AN 120 and the SMF 150. The PCF 160 may provide the SMF 150 with Policy Charging and Control (PCC) rules for policy control. Control signaling may be communicated between the AN 120 and control plane functions such as the AMF 140, the SMF 150 and the PCF 160.
[0058] Communications in the communication network 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , including, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, including but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0059] It is to be understood that the type and the number of devices is shown in FIG. 1 only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication network 100 may include any number of access network devices and core network devices configured to implement example embodiments of the present disclosure. Moreover, the communication network 100 may comprise other devices. For example, the communication network 100 may comprise one or more application functions or servers that can communicate data with the UPF 130.
[0060] In the communication network 100, in DL, PDUs of PDU sets may transmitted from an application server (not shown) to the UPF 130, further to the AN 120, and further to the UE 110. After the UPF 150 receives PDUs belonging to the PDU set from the application server, the UPF 130 may buffer these PDUs and then transmit these PDUs to the AN 120 per batch of PDUs. During the transmission of the PDUs from the UPF 130 to the AN 120, some PDU (s) belonging to the PDU set may be buffered in the UPF 130 and waiting for transmission to the AN 120.
[0061] According to some example embodiments of the present disclosure, if the AN 120 detects that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, the AN 120 transmits a discard notification to the UPF 130 such that the UPF 130 can discard the buffered PDU (s) that are waiting for transmission to the AN 120, and the further PDUs of the same PDU set that will be received, e.g., from the application server. Some example implementations of such discard notifying will be discussed below with reference to FIG. 2.
[0062] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram for an example process 200 according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] As shown in FIG. 2, the AN 120 receives (202) at least one PDU belonging to a PDU set from the UPF 130. In some example embodiments, the AN 120 may receive (205) an activation request for a discard notification. The activation request indicates that the AN 120 is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded by the access node to the UPF 130. In some example embodiments, the activation request may be transmitted (210) by the UPF 130 to the AN 120. For example, the activation request may be transmitted (210) from the UPF 130 to the AN 120 in user plane protocol, for example, via General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) user plane (GTP-U) .
[0064] In some other example embodiments, the activation request may be transmitted (215) by the SMF 150 to the AN 120 via the AMF 140. For example, the activation request may be transmitted (215) by the SMF 150 to the AMF 140. Then, the AMF 140 may transmit (216) to the AN 120 in control plane signaling, for example, via N2. In some example embodiments, the AN 120 may receive (205) the activation request from the SMF 150 through the AMF 140.
[0065] In some example embodiments, the activation request may be based on a decision made by the PCF 160 to activate the discard notification. In some example embodiments, this decision of the PCF 160 may comprise the activation request and transmitted (217) from the PCF 160 to the SMF 150 and further to the AN 120 via the AMF 140. For example, this decision may be promulgated in a PCC rule that is sent to the SMF 150 and further sent to the AN 120. In some example embodiments, the decision of the PCF 160 may comprise an indication that indicates the SMF 150 to transmit the activation request to the AN 120.
[0066] In some example embodiments, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may determine whether the activation request is to be transmitted, based on at least one condition. In an example, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may determine whether the at least one condition is satisfied. If it is determined that the activation request is to be transmitted based on the at least one condition, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may cause the activation request to be transmitted the AN 120. In this way, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may dynamically request to activate or deactivate the discard notification from the AN 120.
[0067] The condition (s) may be related to the number of PDUs belonging to a PDU set. For example, in case the number of PDUs belonging to a PDU set or a typical PDU set is above a threshold number, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may activate the discard notification from the AN 120. In case a PDU set or a typical PDU set only has a few PDUs, it may be not worth activating the discard notification from the AN 120. In this case, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may make the decision to not activate the discard notification from the AN 120.
[0068] Alternatively, or in addition, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may consider other criteria. For example, the condition (s) for making the decision may be related to memory usage, load status (or condition) of the UPF 130. For example, a highly loaded UPF may wish to reduce its buffered DL PDUs. Accordingly, for such a UPF, the discard notification from the AN 120 may be activated.
[0069] Alternatively, or in addition, the condition (s) may be related to PSIHI. For example, the activation may be only requested when PSIHI is set for a QoS flow. Alternatively, or in addition, the condition (s) may be related to a requirement for successful transmission of all PDUs belonging to a PDU set. This requirement may be indicated by a new parameter which may indicate that the proportion of PDUs belonging to a PDU set must be successfully received by an application such that the PDU set can be successfully decoded.
[0070] Alternatively, or in addition, the condition (s) may be related to media stream characteristics associated with the PDU set. The PDUs belonging to the PDU set are PDUs for a media stream provided by an application function (AF) . The media stream characteristics (e.g., PDU set information) associated with the PDU set may be determined at the UPF 130 based on the “protocol description” sent from the AF to the PCF 160 to the SMF 140 further to the UPF 130, and information in transport protocol headers provided by the AF (such as a new Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) header extension defined by SA4) . Alternatively, the determination of the media stream characteristics is left to implementation on the UPF 130. In an example, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 may make the decision to not activate the discard notification from the AN 120, based on the media stream characteristics that it is not worth sending the discard notification for any PDU set. For example, if a typical PDU set of the media stream is only a couple of PDUs, the discard notification may not be activated for the PDU set of the media stream.
[0071] It is to be understood that the decision made by the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 and the discard notification transmitted the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 are only illustrative but not limited. In some example embodiments, the activation request to AN 120 may be provisioned by an Operation Administration and Maintenance (OAM) server. In some other example embodiments, the decision may be made and thus the activation request may be transmitted by other application functions of a core network.
[0072] After the AN 120 receives (205) the at least one PDUs belonging to a PDU set from the UPF 130, the AN 120 detects (220) whether one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded. For example, the AN 120 may detect that a PDU is lost or discarded, based on the discard timer. For example, when the AN 120 send a DL PDU to the UE 110, the AN 120 may start a discard timer, e.g., a discardTimer in a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. The AN 120 stops the discardTimer when it receives an acknowledgement from the UE 110. For example, if the AN 130 receives a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Status Report indicating that the DL PDU is successfully received by the UE 110, the AN 120 may determine that an acknowledgement is received from the UE 110. In case the AN 120 fails to receive an acknowledgement when the discardTimer expiries, the AN 120 can consider that the DL PDU is lost.
[0073] If the AN 120 detects (220) that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded, the AN 120 transmit (225) the discard notification to the UPF 130 when at least one condition has been satisfied. The discard notification indicates that the UPF 130 is to discard (235) one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the UPF 130.
[0074] In some example embodiments, if one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set is discarded or lost, the AN 120 may determine a need to provide the discard notification to the UPF 130 based on the at least one condition. In some example embodiments, the activation request received (205) by the AN 120 may trigger the AN 120 to make such a determination. In an example, if the activation request is received (205) , the AN 120 may determine whether the discard notification is to be transmitted to the UPF 130 based on the condition (s) .
[0075] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise a condition that a last PDU in the PDU set has not been received at the AN 120. If the AN 120 detects a PDU belonging to a PDU set is lost or discarded, and the last PDU belonging to the PDU set has not been received from the UPF 130, the AN 120 may send the discard notification to the UPF 130.
[0076] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one condition may comprise a condition that a number of PDUs in the PDU set that have not been received at the AN 120 is equal to or greater than a threshold number. Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one condition may comprise a condition that a size of a non-received portion of the PDU set at the AN 120 is equal to or greater than a threshold size. For example, the AN 120 may send the discard notification to the UPF 130 if the number of PDUs belonging to a PDU set to be discarded that have not been received by the AN 120 is above the threshold number or the remaining size of the PDU set to be discarded that has not been received by the AN 120 is above the threshold size.
[0077] In one example embodiment, the threshold number and the threshold size may be determined by the AN 120 based on an activation request received (205) from the UPF 130 or from the PCF 160 via the AMF 140 and SMF 150. In another example embodiment, the threshold number and the threshold size may be determined by the AN 120 based on a provision, for example, by an OAM server. In yet another example embodiment, the threshold number and the threshold size may be determined by the AN 120 based on its own implementation.
[0078] In some example embodiments, the activation request may comprise at least one of a threshold number of PDUs or a threshold size for triggering transmission of the discard notification from the AN 120 to the UPF 130. For example, the activation request may include a threshold number for the number of PDUs in the PDU set that are not yet received by the AN 120, and / or a threshold size for the number of bytes in a PDU set that are not yet received by the AN 120. In this case, the AN 120 may send the discard notification to the UPF 130 if any of the threshold number or the threshold size is exceeded.
[0079] In some example embodiments, the discard notification may include information to identify or indicate the affected PDU set. For example, the discard notification may include an identifier (ID) of a quality-of-service (QoS) flow (also called a QoS flow ID, or QFI) associated with the PDU set, to identify the affected QoS flow. Alternatively, or in addition, the discard notification may include an identity or a sequence number for the PDU set, which may be also called PDU set Sequence Number (PSSN) , to identify the affected PDU set.
[0080] The discard notification may be directly transmitted (225) by the AN 120 to the UPF 130 via user plane protocol, e.g., via GTP-U. For example, the discard notification may be directly transmitted (225) from the AN 120 to the UPF 130 via the user plane via a GTP PDU on N3. By way of example, the discard notification may be transmitted (225) via a new information element (IE) in an extension header of the GTP PDU. In case no user data packet or transport PDU (T-PDU) , the AN 120 may generate an UL dummy GTP-U packet for such a discard notification.
[0081] In some example embodiments, the discard notification may be indirectly transmitted (225) by the AN 120 to the UPF 130 via the AMF 140 and the SMF 150 of a core network. For example, the discard notification may be transmitted (225) from the AN 120 to the AMF 140, then transmitted (230) from the AMF 140 to the SMF 140, and further transmitted (235) from the SMF 140 to the UPF 130.
[0082] In some example embodiments, the AN 120 may receive a deactivation request, e.g., from the UPF 130, the SMF 150, the PCF 160 or other application functions of a core network. The deactivation request indicates that the access node is to stop determining whether to transmit discard notifications to the UPF 130 in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded. Then, the AN 120 may deactivate transmission of discard notifications.
[0083] The decision to deactivate the discard notification may be also made by the UPF 130, the SMF 150, the PCF 160 or other application functions based on the above condition (s) for the decision of activation. In some example embodiments, the deactivation request may also comprise a threshold number and / or a threshold size for triggering deactivation of the discard notification from the AN 120 to the UPF 130. The features related to the activation request of the discard notification as discussed above are likewise applicable to the deactivation request. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0084] After the UPF 130 receives (240) the discard notification from the AN 120, the UPF 130 discards (245) one or more PDUs belongs to the PDU set at the UPF 130. Thus, the UPF 130 may discard the PDU (s) related to the affected PDU set. In some example embodiments, the UPF 130 receives (240) the discard notification directly from the AN 120. In some other example embodiments, the discard notification may be received (235) by the AMF 140 or received (240) by the SMF 150 and then received (230) by the UPF 130.
[0085] In some example embodiments, the UPF 130 may discard, based on the discard notification, a further PDU belongs to the PDU set, where the further PDU is received after the discard notification is received. For example, in case the UPF 130 has not received the last PDU belonging to the PDU set, the UPF 130 may save or consider the information identifying or indicating the affected PDU set to discard any further PDU of the same PDU set that the UPF 130 may receive later. In one example embodiment, all remaining PDUs of the PDU set may be all received and buffered in the UPF 130. In another example embodiment, some PDUs of the PDU set are received and buffered in the UPF 130 and the other PDUs of the same PDU set are not yet received by the UPF 130. In another example embodiment, there may be no PDUs buffered in the UPF 130, and all remaining PDUs of the PDU set are not yet received by the UPF 130. Based on the discard notification, the UPF 130 may discard any PDU of the PDU set buffered in the UPF 130, and / or any PDU of PDU set received after the discard notification is received in UPF 130.
[0086] If one or more PDU (s) belonging to a PDU set is lost or discarded at the AN 120 such that the PDU cannot be decoded successfully, the AN 120 may discard the buffered PDU(s) related to the affected PDU set. By using the proposed discard notifying solution, the PDU (s) of the affected PDU set that has been buffered at the UPF 130 or is to be received by the UPF 130 later may also be discarded. Accordingly, no further PDU (s) related to the affected PDU set will be transmitted from the UPF 130 to the AN 120. Therefore, the transport network resources and access network resources may be saved, and the network capacity may be improved. Moreover, the storage and processing resources of the UPF 130 and the AN 120 may be saved.
[0087] Example Methods
[0088] FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an example method 300 for an access node in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 300 can be implemented by the AN 120 in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the method 300 will be described from the perspective of the AN 120 with reference to in FIG. 1.
[0089] At block 310, the AN 120 receives at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function.
[0090] At block 320, based on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, the AN 120 determines to transmit, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied. The discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the AN 120 may receive an activation request received at the access node. The activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0092] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition comprises at least one of: a condition that a last PDU in the PDU set has not been received at the access node; a condition that a number of PDUs in the PDU set that have not been received at the access node is equal to or greater than a threshold number of PDUs; or a condition that a size of a portion of the PDU set not yet received at the access node is equal to or greater than a threshold size.
[0093] In some example embodiments, the activation request comprises at least one of a threshold number of PDUs or a threshold size for triggering transmission of the discard notification from the access node to the user plane function.
[0094] In some example embodiments, the AN 120 receives a deactivation request. The deactivation request indicates that the access node is to stop determining whether to transmit discard notifications to the user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded. Then, the AN 120 deactivates transmission of discard notifications.
[0095] In some example embodiments, the discard notification includes at least one of: an identifier of a quality-of-service flow associated with the PDU set, or a sequence number for the PDU set.
[0096] In some example embodiments, the activation request is received from the user plane function via user plane protocol.
[0097] In some example embodiments, the activation request is received in control plane signalling from an access and mobility function.
[0098] FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an example method 400 for a network function of a core network of the communication network illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 400 can be implemented by a network function such as the UPF 130, the SMF 150 and the PCF 160 in FIG. 1.
[0099] At block 410, based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, the network function transmits an activation request, to an access node. The activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition is related to at least one of: the number of PDUs belonging to a PDU set, protocoling data unit set integrated handling information, a requirement for successful transmission of all PDUs belonging to a PDU set, memory usage of the user plane function, loading status of the user plane function, or media stream characteristics associated with the PDU set.
[0101] In some example embodiments, the activation request comprises at least one of a threshold number of PDUs or a threshold size for triggering transmission of the discard notification from the access node to the user plane function.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the network function transmits, to the access node, a deactivation request. The deactivation request indicates that the access node is to stop determining whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the network function comprises at least one of a user plane function, a session management function or a policy control function.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the network function receives, from the access node, a discard notification for a PDU set, and then transmits the discard notification for the PDU set, to the user plane function.
[0105] FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an example method 500 for a user plane function in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 500 can be implemented by the UPF 130 in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the UPF 130 with reference to in FIG. 1.
[0106] At block 510, the UPF 130 receives a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0107] At block 520, the UPF 130 discards one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0108] In some example embodiments, the UPF 130 discards, based on the discard notification, a further PDU belonging to the PDU set, wherein the further PDU is received after the discard notification is received.
[0109] In some example embodiments, the discard notification is received from the access node via user plane protocol.
[0110] In some example embodiments, the discard notification is received in control plane signalling sent by a session management function.
[0111] In some example embodiments, the discard notification includes at least one of: an identifier of a quality-of-service flow associated with the PDU set, or a sequence number for the PDU set.
[0112] All operations and features related to the AN 120, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 and the PCF 160 as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2 are likewise applicable to the methods 300 to 500 and have similar effects. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0113] Example Apparatus, Device and Medium
[0114] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing the method 300 (for example, the AN 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the AN 120 in FIG. 1.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for receiving at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function; and means for based on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, transmitting, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied, wherein the discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises means for receiving an activation request, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition comprises at least one of: a condition that a last PDU in the PDU set has not been received at the access node; a condition that a number of PDUs in the PDU set that have not been received at the access node is equal to or greater than a threshold number of PDUs; or a condition that a size of a portion of the PDU set not yet received at the access node is equal to or greater than a threshold size.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the activation request comprises at least one of a threshold number of PDUs or a threshold size for triggering transmission of the discard notification from the access node to the user plane function.
[0119] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving a deactivation request, wherein the deactivation request indicates that the access node is to stop determining whether to transmit discard notifications to the user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the discard notification includes at least one of: an identifier of a quality-of-service flow associated with the PDU set, or a sequence number for the PDU set.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the activation request is received from the user plane function via user plane protocol.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the activation request is received in control plane signalling from an access and mobility function.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 300 or the AN 120. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the first apparatus.
[0124] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing the method 400 (for example, the UPF 130, the AMF 140, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the UPF 130, the AMF 140, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 in FIG. 1.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, transmitting an activation request to an access node, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition is related to at least one of: the number of PDUs belonging to a PDU set, protocoling data unit set integrated handling information, a requirement for successful transmission of all PDUs belonging to a PDU set, memory usage of the user plane function, loading status of the user plane function, or media stream characteristics associated with the PDU set.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the activation request comprises at least one of a threshold number of PDUs or a threshold size for triggering transmission of the discard notification from the access node to the user plane function.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the access node, a deactivation request, wherein the deactivation request indicates that the access node is to stop determining whether to transmit discard notifications to the user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the access node, a discard notification for a PDU set; and means for transmitting the discard notification for the PDU set, to the user plane function.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 400. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the second apparatus.
[0131] In some example embodiments, a third apparatus capable of performing the method 500 (for example, the UPF 130 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The third apparatus may be implemented as or included in the UPF 130 in FIG. 1.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus comprises means for receiving a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function; and means for discarding one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus further comprises: means for discarding, based on the discard notification, a further PDU belonging to the PDU set, wherein the further PDU is received after the discard notification is received.
[0134] In some example embodiments, the discard notification is received from the access node via user plane protocol.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the discard notification is received in control plane signalling sent by a session management function.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the discard notification includes at least one of: an identifier of a quality-of-service flow associated with the PDU set, or a sequence number for the PDU set.
[0137] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the third apparatus.
[0138] FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a computing system 600 that is suitable for implementing one or more core network functions of the communication network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. The computing system 600 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the AN 120, the UPF 130, the SMF 150 or the PCF 160 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the computing system 600 includes one or more processors 610, one or more memories 620 coupled to the processor 610, and one or more communication modules 640 coupled to the processor 610.
[0139] The communication module 640 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 640 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 640 may include at least one antenna.
[0140] The processor 610 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The computing system 600 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0141] The memory 620 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 624, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 622 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0142] A computer program 630 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 610. The instructions of the program 630 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 630 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 624. The processor 610 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 630 into the RAM 622.
[0143] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 630 so that the computing system 600 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the program 630 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the computing system 600 (such as in the memory 620) or other storage devices that are accessible by the computing system 600. The computing system 600 may load the program 630 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 622 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0145] FIG. 7 shows an example of the computer readable medium 700 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 700 has the program 630 stored thereon.
[0146] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0147] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0148] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0149] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0150] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0151] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0152] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A access node comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the access node at least to:receive at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function; andbased on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, determine to transmit, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied,wherein the discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.2.The access node of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the at least one processor further cause the access node to:receive an activation request, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to the user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.3.The access node of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one condition comprises at least one of:a condition that a last PDU in the PDU set has not been received at the access node;a condition that a number of PDUs in the PDU set that have not been received at the access node is equal to or greater than a threshold number of PDUs; ora condition that a size of a portion of the PDU set not yet received at the access node is equal to or greater than a threshold size.4.The access node of claim 2 or 3, wherein the activation request comprises at least one of a threshold number of PDUs or a threshold size for triggering transmission of the discard notification from the access node to the user plane function.5.The access node of any of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one memory and the at least one processor further cause the access node to:receive a deactivation request, wherein the deactivation request indicates that the access node is to stop determining whether to transmit discard notifications to the user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded; anddeactivate transmission of discard notification.6.The access node of any of claims 1-5, wherein the discard notification includes at least one of:an identifier of a quality-of-service flow associated with the PDU set, ora sequence number for the PDU set.7.The access node of any of claims 2-6, wherein the activation request is received from the user plane function via user plane protocol.8.The access node of any of claims 2-6, wherein the activation request is received in control plane signalling from an access and mobility function.9.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions of a network function that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, transmit an activation request to an access node, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one condition is related to at least one of:the number of PDUs belonging to a PDU set,protocol data unit set integrated handling information,a requirement for successful transmission of all PDUs belonging to a PDU set,memory usage of the user plane function,load status of the user plane function, ormedia stream characteristics associated with the PDU set.11.The apparatus of any of claims 9-10, wherein the activation request comprises at least one of a threshold number of PDUs or a threshold size for triggering transmission of the discard notification from the access node to the user plane function.12.The apparatus of any of claims 9-11, wherein the at least one memory and the at least one processor further cause the apparatus to:transmit, to the access node, a deactivation request, wherein the deactivation request indicates that the access node is to stop determining whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.13.The apparatus of any of claims 9-12, wherein the network function comprises at least one of a user plane function, a session management function or a policy control function.14.The apparatus of any of claims 9-13, wherein the at least one memory and the at least one processor further cause the apparatus to:receive, from the access node, a discard notification for a PDU set; andtransmit the discard notification for the PDU set, to the user plane function.15.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions of a user plane function that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:receive a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function; anddiscard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the at least one processor further cause the apparatus to:discard, based on the discard notification, a further PDU belonging to the PDU set, wherein the further PDU is received after the discard notification is received.17.The apparatus of any of claims 15-16, wherein the discard notification is received from the access node via user plane protocol.18.The apparatus of any of claims 15-16, wherein the discard notification is received in control plane signalling sent by a session management function.19.The apparatus of any of claims 15-18, wherein the discard notification includes at least one of:an identifier of a quality-of-service flow associated with the PDU set, ora sequence number for the PDU set.20.A method comprising:receiving at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function; andbased on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, determining to transmit, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied,wherein the discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.21.A method comprising:based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, transmitting an activation request to an access node, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.22.A method comprising:receiving a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function, anddiscarding one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.23.A first apparatus comprising:means for receiving at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) belonging to a PDU set from a user plane function; andmeans for based on detecting that one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set have been lost or discarded, determining to transmit, to the user plane function, a discard notification when at least one condition has been satisfied,wherein the discard notification indicates that the user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.24.A second apparatus comprising:means for based on determining that at least one condition is satisfied, transmitting an activation request to an access node, wherein the activation request indicates that the access node is to determine whether to transmit discard notifications to a user plane function in response to detecting that one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) belonging to a PDU set have been lost or discarded.25.A third apparatus comprising:means for receiving a discard notification for a PDU set, wherein the discard notification indicates that a user plane function is to discard one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function, andmeans for discarding one or more PDUs belonging to the PDU set at the user plane function.26.A computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 20 or the method of claim 21 or the method of claim 22.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Data processing method and network device
CN109905894A
Method and communication device for transmitting data packets of media stream
CN114531429A
5GS user plane handling enhancement for XR service
WO2023184157A1