Photolithographic method for producing a spectacle lens for myopia control, and corresponding spectacle lens

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, in particular a photolithographic method, for producing a spectacle lens (100) for myopia control for an eye of a wearer of spectacles, comprising the following steps: – providing a spectacle lens to be processed, having a multiplicity of microparticles (130) and a processing layer which is adjacent to the multiplicity of microparticles (130) or has the multiplicity of microparticles (130), the processing layer comprising at least one photoreactive layer (110); and – producing microstructures (150) in the photoreactive layer (110) by exposing the photoreactive layer (110) using an exposure means (BM), wherein at least some of the multiplicity of microparticles (130) act as a photomask for the exposure.

Description

[0001]Applicant: Rodenstock GmbH "Photolithographic method for producing a spectacle lens for myopia control, and a corresponding spectacle lens" Our reference: R 3377WO - hb / msc Description The invention relates to a method, in particular a photolithographic method, for producing a spectacle lens for myopia control or for influencing the progression of myopia for an eye of a spectacle wearer. In particular, the invention relates to a method for producing a spectacle lens with visual field-modulated image quality using photolithography. Furthermore, the invention relates to a spectacle lens, in particular a spectacle lens with a field of effect that has a modulated image quality, in particular for myopia control.Especially with lenses used to correct myopia, the often noticeable tendency for myopia to progress leads to a decrease in the comfort of once fitted lenses, and thus also in the wearer's satisfaction and the tolerability of the glasses, after a short time. In general, myopia is increasing dramatically worldwide, particularly in Asia. The WHO estimates that by 2050, over 50% of all people will be myopic. As an individual's myopia increases, so does the risk of associated eye diseases such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration. Therefore, there is great interest in slowing the increase in myopia. There are several approaches to slowing myopia progression using optical aids (vision aids). What all of these approaches have in common, however, is that they are very complex and expensive, and also quite inflexible when it comes to adapting to rapidly changing circumstances (e.g.To date, various optical effects regarding the tolerability and comfort of ophthalmic lenses, particularly spectacle lenses, have been investigated with regard to their influence on myopia and / or hyperopia, as well as their progression or development depending on the optical and physiological mechanisms that are intended to explain or slow down progression or advancement, particularly deterioration. Existing approaches are essentially based on projecting the image in front of the retina, as this is intended to slow the longitudinal growth of the eye. It has been shown that it is sufficient (or even better) if this occurs only in the periphery of the retina. One possible approach is the use of bifocal lenses and / or progressive lenses (PAL).On the one hand, the addition of the lenses results in an area in the peripheral region being projected in front of the retina when looking into the distance, and on the other hand, when looking up close, at least when accommodation is insufficient, the image is not projected behind the retina. This works better for children with accommodative insufficiency and / or excessive convergence. However, with such approaches, acceptable results are only achieved in a small group with excessive convergence. Bifocal lenses are cosmetically unacceptable, especially for children. Another approach is based on special PALs (or radially symmetric PALs) with a central sharp image and peripheral addition (see, for example, the publication DE 102009053467 A1). PALs, as in these two approaches, have areas of large aberrations. If the lens power changes, which is often the case with children, a new, expensive lens must be manufactured.Furthermore, peripheral vision and foveal vision when looking through the periphery of the lenses are severely impaired by the aberrations. If high demands are placed on the visual system (e.g. in road traffic), this can only be solved with a second pair of single-vision glasses. This further increases the effort and cost of changing the prescription. Acceptance of such solutions is therefore often low. Other approaches are based, for example, on special contact lenses. For example, progressive contact lenses with a higher plus power in the periphery than in the central area have been investigated. However, this also impairs foveal vision when the contact lens moves on the eye. Furthermore, here too, a new lens has to be manufactured when the power changes, which is a complex process. Furthermore, handling and reliability in use with children are limited.This is particularly true for small children, although it is made more difficult by the fact that the greatest effect is actually achieved when measures to slow myopia begin in early childhood. Another approach with contact lenses uses so-called Ortho-K contact lenses, which are worn overnight and deform the cornea. This is intended to correct myopia centrally and also create a positive effect in the periphery (compared to the central one). However, each contact lens has its own special requirements and a new lens must be manufactured at great expense, for example in the case of a new prescription. Furthermore, the effects of corneal deformation on the metabolism and structure of the cornea are unknown, especially in small children. The problem for spectacle wearers resulting from the progression of myopia is the steadily decreasing comfort of glasses once fitted.One possible approach to myopia control involves using spectacle lenses with small additional lenses (so-called microlenses) with additional positive refractive power. These additional lenses are made of knob-like structures. The additional effect leads to a local shift of the focal point in front of the retina and is intended to counteract excessive longitudinal growth of the eye. In the zone with the microlenses ("active zone"), the distribution of effect is discontinuous: in the area of ​​the microlenses, the image is blurred, while in the area between them it is sharp. When looking through the active zone, these microlenses are irritating because they locally prevent a sharp image. When the eye moves through this active zone while looking, further irritation occurs because the arrangement of the microlenses in front of the pupil changes depending on the direction of gaze.Known lenses for myopia control therefore usually have a central area where good vision is possible and one or more peripheral areas where image quality degrades when viewing objects (e.g., due to an additional spherical and / or astigmatic optical effect or diffuse scattered light, as disclosed, for example, in WO 2019152438A1 or WO 2020014613A1). The actual reason for the myopia progression-inhibiting effect is currently still the subject of research, but appears to be caused by the more frequent use of the central area of ​​the lens for viewing objects (central vision) on average over time. Objects viewed through the central area of ​​the lens have better image quality than objects not currently being fixated in the field of vision (peripheral vision), which are viewed through the degrading areas of the lens.In summary, known spectacle lenses for myopia control enable the quality of vision to be varied across the field of vision, i.e. depending on the current direction of gaze. In the context of the present invention, it has been found that conventional spectacle lenses for myopia control have the following disadvantages in particular: - When fixating on objects through the areas of the spectacle lens that degrade the image quality, conventional spectacle lenses for myopia control have a similarly poor or sometimes even poorer image quality in central vision compared to peripheral vision, and therefore do not have a permanent effect on the progression of myopia. - Conventional spectacle lenses for myopia control have an image quality in central vision that changes depending on the direction of gaze, which means that uncomfortable head positions must sometimes be adopted when fixating on peripheral objects in the field of vision.In order to avoid the above disadvantages, active (in particular electroactive) spectacle lenses controlled by an eye tracker would be conceivable, but such solutions are technically very complex and expensive. One object of the present invention is to improve the lasting compatibility of spectacles with myopia control and thus to achieve long-term wearing comfort at low cost. This object is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter having the features specified in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims. A first independent aspect for achieving the object relates to a method for producing a spectacle lens for myopia control for an eye of a spectacle lens user.A method for processing a spectacle lens for a spectacle wearer, comprising the steps of: - providing a spectacle lens to be (further) processed, comprising a plurality of microparticles and a processing layer which adjoins the plurality of microparticles or has the plurality of microparticles, wherein the processing layer comprises at least one photoreactive layer; and - generating microstructures in the photoreactive layer by exposing the photoreactive layer to an exposure agent, wherein at least some of the plurality of microparticles function as a photomask for the exposure. The provided spectacle lens (to be processed using the method according to the invention) is preferably a conventional spectacle lens, in particular a spectacle lens without intended myopia control or without a visual field-modulated image quality, but which is or will be additionally provided with a photoreactive layer and a plurality of microparticles.The provided spectacle lens (to be processed) can be based, for example, on a spectacle lens blank or on a spectacle lens with a power for correcting vision defects. For example, the spectacle lens to be processed can be based on a (conventional) spectacle lens that already has a refraction intended or prescribed for the future wearer. The provided spectacle lens can therefore be an already processed or ground spectacle lens that is further processed using the method according to the invention to produce a spectacle lens for myopia control. The use or provision of an already processed or ground spectacle lens is preferred here, since the alignment of the structures created in the photoreactive layer depends on the power of the spectacle lens.When using suitable illumination, the desired alignment of the structures in the photoreactive layer is advantageously achieved by refraction on the already conventionally manufactured surfaces of the spectacle lens. Microparticles are understood to be particles that have dimensions (such as diameter) in the micrometer range, in particular between 0.5 µm and 300 µm. The microparticles (e.g. microspheres) can be made of magnetite (absorber) and / or titanium oxide (scatterer) and / or a metal such as gold or silver (reflector). The use of absorbing and / or reflecting microparticles is particularly advantageous because they have a relatively low transmittance and are thus particularly suitable for the present invention.For example, the microparticles can be applied to a front surface (object-side surface) of the ophthalmic lens and covered by a layer of a not yet exposed photoreactive layer (e.g., a not yet cured photoresist). Alternatively, the microparticles can already be present in a ophthalmic lens blank or homogeneously distributed in the photoreactive layer. Alternatively or additionally, the microparticles can be created or generated in the ophthalmic lens blank and / or the photoreactive layer (e.g., through crystallization and / or aggregation processes). This can simplify manufacturing processes because process steps can be eliminated.With regard to the quality of the ophthalmic lens, it is advantageous that the microparticles are located at the interface between the ophthalmic lens and the photoreactive layer, as this maximizes the volume of the structures created in the photoreactive layer during the lithographic process per microparticle. If magnetic and / or magnetizable microparticles are used, e.g., absorbing microparticles made of magnetite or another iron oxide, these can be transported from a dispersion (e.g., photoresist, in particular, photocurable resist) to the front surface of the ophthalmic lens due to their magnetic properties in an inhomogeneous magnetic field and arranged there. In particular, the microparticles can be fixed to the surface or front surface of the ophthalmic lens. This has the advantage that no additional fixation (e.g.,by curing a varnish) is necessary because the microparticles cannot diffuse far due to the typically high viscosity of an uncured photocurable material. A further advantage is that with the help of a magnetic field it is possible to control the local concentration of microparticles because, for example, the greater the magnetic field gradient, the faster the microparticles can be drawn from the dispersion to the surface. Additionally or alternatively, the local concentration of microparticles on a surface can be controlled by a variable thickness of the applied layer and / or the volume concentration of the microparticles in the dispersion. Likewise, during the production of an ophthalmic lens blank, magnetic and / or magnetizable microparticles can be dispersed in the as yet uncured material of the ophthalmic lens blank.In an additional step before curing the material of the ophthalmic lens blank, the magnetic and / or magnetizable microparticles can be attracted to the front surface of the ophthalmic lens blank using an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The processing layer comprises at least one photoreactive layer. This means that the processing layer can, for example, exclusively comprise the photoreactive layer or can be the photoreactive layer itself. In this case, the photoreactive layer borders on the plurality of microparticles or the photoreactive layer has the plurality of microparticles. However, it is also possible for the processing layer to comprise one or more additional layers in addition to the photoreactive layer, for example a spacer layer. A spacer layer is understood to mean, in particular, a layer arranged between the microparticles and the photoreactive layer.The photoreactive layer is, in particular, a polymer layer. The photoreactive layer can be a photocurable layer or a photosensitive layer (which is developed analogously to the development of a positive film in photography) or a photographic positive film. For example, the photoreactive layer can comprise or be a photoresist (negative resist or positive resist). A negative resist polymerizes and hardens upon exposure. A subsequent baking step may be necessary. After the exposed negative resist has been developed, the exposed areas of the negative resist remain. Areas of the negative resist that were protected from exposure by a mask are removed during development. In a positive resist, on the other hand, an already solidified resist becomes soluble again for certain developer solutions upon exposure.After development, only those areas of the positive resist remain that were protected from exposure by a mask. By exposing the photoreactive layer to an exposure agent, microstructures are created in the photoreactive layer, with at least some of the plurality of microparticles, in particular all microparticles, acting as a photomask for the exposure. The created microstructures cause, in particular, optical disturbances (such as scattering). The microstructures can have dimensions (e.g., a diameter perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the microstructure) in the micrometer range, in particular between 0.5 µm and several hundred micrometers (e.g., 500 µm, 700 µm, or 900 µm). The length of a longitudinal axis of the microstructure can, for example, range from approximately 0.5 µm up to the thickness of the photoreactive layer. The microstructures can have an aspect ratio (i.e.,The microparticles can have a diameter (ratio of the length along the longitudinal axis to the diameter perpendicular thereto) of more than 5, preferably more than 10, and even more preferably more than 100. In order to produce scattering microstructures, a photocurable layer is preferably used as the photoreactive layer. In order to produce absorbing rather than scattering microstructures, a photosensitive layer is preferably used instead of a photocurable layer, which is developed in a similar way to the development of a positive film in photography, so that absorbing microstructures are created in the areas shaded during exposure. Alternatively, for example, the microparticles used for shading can be further grown by applying a suitable solution to the spectacle lens (which does not yet have a protective layer). For example, the silver microparticles already used for shading can be further grown from a silver salt solution by epitaxial growth.Absorbing microstructures can also be formed from a dispersion of magnetite nanoparticles if magnetite microparticles were used for shading. The aggregation of the magnetite nanoparticles onto the magnetite microparticles in their local magnetic field gradients can be accelerated by placing the spectacle lens in a homogeneous magnetic field. Furthermore, possible shrinkage processes of the exposed layers and the associated altered orientations of the microstructures can be taken into account during the manufacturing process by adjusting process parameters accordingly. For example, photocurable layers with low shrinkage can be used. Alternatively or additionally, undesirable effects caused by shrinkage can be taken into account in the manufacturing process and prevented by adjusting it (e.g.Adaptation of the exposure process by changing the position and / or size of the exposure means). In particular, the refractive index of the photoreactive layer has a slight difference to the refractive index of a material of the spectacle lens adjacent to the photoreactive layer, wherein this slight difference is preferably less than 1, even more preferably less than 0.5, and most preferably less than 0.1. In this way, disruptive reflections and / or interference phenomena at the interface between material and photoreactive layer can be avoided. In particular, for exposing the photoreactive layer, the exposure means is arranged such that the microparticles acting as a photomask cast a shadow in the photoreactive layer.Preferably, the exposure of the photoreactive layer with the aid of the exposure agent and the microparticles acting as a photomask takes place from a side facing the rear surface (eye-side surface) of the spectacle lens. In other words, the exposure agent for exposing the photoreactive layer is positioned on a side facing the rear surface of the spectacle lens. In particular, the method further comprises removing uncured material, i.e. unexposed or exposed material of the photoreactive layer (depending on the type of photoreactive layer used). After removal of the uncured material, microstructures remain in the cured layer, which in particular have anisotropic scattering and / or absorption behavior. In order to cure uncured and / or unremoved residues of the photoreactive layer, the layer can then be repeatedly exposed or cured (typically with UV radiation).irradiated. Alternatively, a protective layer, such as a protective varnish, can be applied to close openings on the surface of the photoreactive (in particular photocurable) layer. In a preferred embodiment, the microparticles are light-absorbing and / or light-reflecting and / or light-scattering. In particular, the microparticles can be light-absorbing, while the generated microstructures are light-scattering, in particular anisotropically scattering. In other words, the microparticles can act as absorbers and the generated microstructures as scatterers. However, it is also possible for the microstructures to be light-absorbing (in particular completely light-absorbing). Such light-absorbing microstructures can offer advantages in environments in which scattered light should be avoided as much as possible (e.g. when driving a car).Particularly preferred is a combination of light-scattering microstructures and light-absorbing microstructures, wherein the light-scattering microstructures are preferably arranged farther away from the eye than the light-absorbing microstructures in a wearing position of the spectacle lens. In particular, the light-scattering microstructures are farther away from a rear surface of the spectacle lens (i.e., a surface of the spectacle lens facing the eye) than the light-absorbing microstructures. In a further preferred embodiment, to expose the photoreactive layer, light beams are generated (by the exposure means), which light beams are incident on the microparticles in such a way that the microparticles (in each case) cause cylindrical, conical, or truncated cone-shaped shadows of the light beams in the photoreactive layer.As a result of this shading by the microparticles, corresponding cylindrical, conical, or truncated cone-shaped microstructures can be created. In a further preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens is manufactured for a specific wearing position relative to a center of rotation of the eye of the wearer. The center or midpoint of the exposure means (e.g., a spherical exposure means) and / or a center of a (particularly virtual) light object generated by the exposure means (e.g., if the exposure means is a light field display or a hologram generation unit) and / or a light field center generated by the exposure means is / are preferably located at a point relative to the spectacle lens which, in the wearing position of the spectacle lens, corresponds to the center of rotation of the eye.In very simple eye models, the "eye pivot point" is understood to be a single point that is fixed relative to both the head and the eye. However, it is known that this concept of an eye pivot point as a true fixed point describes the physiological reality of an eye movement only approximately, but not exactly. In fact, no single point remains permanently stationary relative to the head during eye movements. Nevertheless, depending on the model or eye model, the eye pivot point could be understood to be a point or area that moves only slightly or very little during eye movements. In particular, an eye pivot point designated in this way or similarly (as a single point or small area) remains at least approximately stationary even during eye movements within small spatial deviations.In this sense, it is also possible to understand such an area as the model concept of an “eye pivot point” in the sense of this description. For example, in the context of this description, the term “eye pivot point” is understood in particular to mean a fixation line convergence area. The fixation line convergence area can, for example, be a volume (fixation line convergence volume), a surface (fixation line convergence surface) or a point (fixation line convergence point), whereby in particular all gazes passing through the spectacle lens (or through relevant parts of the spectacle lens) pass through the fixation line convergence volume or the fixation line convergence surface or the fixation line convergence point. Depending on the eye model, the “eye pivot point” can therefore not only be a point, but rather be defined as a surface or a volume (each with a limited extent). Only in the case of a simple (orIn the simplest) eye model, the "eye rotation point" actually represents only one point. For example, the "eye rotation point" can be a mechanical eye rotation point, ie in particular an area (e.g. point) in the eye that shifts the least during eye movements. The fixation line convergence area can in particular coincide with or correspond to the primary ray intersection area or primary ray intersection point defined further below. In a further preferred embodiment, the exposure means is designed and / or arranged for exposing the photoreactive layer such that for each viewing point ^^ of a plurality of viewing points of the spectacle lens, the exposure means and / or a (in particular virtual) light object generated by the exposure means at the respective viewing point ^^ under an exposure appearance angle ^^. ^^appears which has a value less than 90°, more preferably less than 80°, even more preferably less than 70°, even more preferably less than 60°, and most preferably less than 50°. Preferably, the exposure angle ^^ ^^ also greater than 5°, more preferably greater than 10°, even more preferably greater than 15°, and most preferably greater than 20°. Within the scope of the invention, it has been found that the exposure angle ^^ ^^should be in a range that is neither too large nor too small. Angles that are too large would unnecessarily limit the length of the microstructures and lead to too little scattered light. This would result in insufficient effectiveness in inhibiting myopia progression. Angles that are too small, on the other hand, would lead to a lack of shading of the scattered light and consequently to possible glare, especially if the wearer has large pupils. The exposure angle should preferably be ^^ ^^thus in the range from 5° to 70°, more preferably in the range from 10° to 65°, even more preferably in the range from 15° to 60°, and most preferably in the range from 20° to 50°. In a further preferred embodiment, for exposing the photoreactive layer, the exposure means is designed (in particular dimensioned) and / or arranged (in particular, a light field and / or a beam of rays is generated by the exposure means) in such a way that for each viewing point ^^ of a plurality of viewing points of the spectacle lens, the exposure means (in particular an edge of the exposure means) and / or a light object generated by the exposure means (in particular virtual) at the (respective) viewing point ^^ under a (corresponding) exposure appearance angle ^^ ^^ appears which is greater than an entrance pupil angle determined and / or specified for the (corresponding) viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^. As already mentioned above, the exposure angle ^^ ^^ In the context of this description, an angle (in particular viewing angle) is understood at which the exposure means (in particular an edge of the exposure means) and / or a light object generated by the exposure means (in particular virtual) appears at the respective viewing point ^^. Accordingly, the entrance pupil angle of appearance ^^ ^^an angle at which an entrance pupil of the wearer's eye (when the eye looks toward the corresponding visual point ^^) appears at the respective visual point ^^. When the eye looks toward the respective visual point ^^, the entrance pupil is centered, in particular, around a light ray that connects the preferred fixation locus on the retina of the eye with the respective visual point ^^ on the spectacle lens. Approximately, this light ray, around which the entrance pupil is centered, is the light ray passing through the (optical) eye rotation point and the respective visual point ^^. The exposure angle ^^^^corresponds to twice a maximum angle ^^ determined and / or specified for the respective visual point ^^ ^^ . The entrance pupil angles defined for each viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^can each have a value determined individually for the eye of a lens wearer. However, it is also possible to have a value determined for the respective entrance pupil angle ^^ ^^ Standard values ​​to be used. The entrance pupil angles ^^ ^^ may be different for different viewing points ^^. Alternatively, however, the same value (especially standard value) for the corresponding entrance pupil angle of appearance ^^ may be used for each of the numerous viewing points ^^. ^^used. In the context of the present description, a “viewing point” is understood to mean in particular any (geometric) point on the spectacle lens through which a viewer or wearer of the spectacles can look through. In particular, the spectacle lens can formally be viewed as the set of all viewing points. In principle, a viewing point can refer to a volume of the spectacle lens, to a front surface of the spectacle lens, to a back surface of the spectacle lens, or to an inner surface or layer of the spectacle lens. Thus, in the context of the present description, a viewing point can, for example, refer to a location (or a position and / or a point) on the spectacle lens at which a microparticle is located. For the purpose of a clear definition, however, in the context of this description a viewing point is referred to in particular to the back surface of the spectacle lens (i.e. the eye-side spectacle lens surface).In the context of this description, the “angle of appearance” of an object at an observation location (or an observation position) is understood to mean in particular the largest angle between the light rays incident on the object or emitted by the object, which also pass through the observation location. In particular, the observation location, i.e. the location of a (particularly virtual) observer, corresponds to the intersection point of two straight lines that run from two opposite edge points of the object to the observation location (i.e. a first of the two straight lines runs from a first edge point of the two opposite edge points to the observation location and a second of the two straight lines runs from the second edge point of the two opposite edge points to the observation location). In other words, the angle of appearance of an object at an observation location describes the largest angle that extends from the observation location to two endpoints ortwo edge points of the object that are furthest apart from each other as seen from the observation location, are drawn by virtual lines. In particular, the angle of appearance can be viewed as the aperture angle of a cone, with the apex of the cone being at the observation location, the base (e.g. circular disk) of the cone being at the location of the object, and the base of the cone representing a section or cross-section of the object. If the cone has an irregular base (the base of the cone does not necessarily have to be a circular disk, but can be any other surface), the angle of appearance can be defined, for example, as the aperture angle of the smallest circular cone into which the object can be fitted and whose apex is at the observation location. The angle of appearance results in particular from the relationship between the object size and the distance of the object from the observation location.In the context of this description, the observation location is, in particular, a viewing point of the spectacle lens. This viewing point is preferably located on the back surface of the spectacle lens. Alternatively or additionally, the observation location can be the location of a microparticle of the spectacle lens or a viewing point at the location of a microparticle of the spectacle lens. In particular, the "angle of appearance" used in this description corresponds to the "angle of view" known in physics (in particular astronomy) and ophthalmology. The above statements regarding the "angle of appearance" refer in particular to the "exposure angle of appearance" and the "entrance pupil angle of appearance." The "exposure angle of appearance" is understood to mean an angle of appearance of the exposure means or of a (in particular virtual) light object generated by the exposure means, as defined above.Accordingly, the "entrance pupil appearance angle" is understood to be an appearance angle of a (particularly virtual) entrance pupil (of the eye of a test subject or spectacle wearer) defined as above. For the purpose of a clear definition, the "exposure appearance angle" and "entrance pupil appearance angle" used in this description refer in particular to a corresponding angle outside the spectacle lens (in particular to a corresponding angle in air). If the geometry (e.g. thickness and curvature of the surfaces) of the spectacle lens and the refractive index are known, these angles can of course be converted to angles at an observation location inside the spectacle lens. In a further preferred embodiment, the exposure appearance angle ^^. ^^ or the maximum angle specified or selected depending on one or more of the following parameters: - a diameter ^^ ^^^^^^,^^ the entrance pupil of the wearer when looking through corresponding viewing points ^^ or in a direction of view corresponding to the viewing point ^^; and - a greatest curvature an imaginary light wavefront, which was generated by an imaginary point light source at a point of a microstructure closest to the eye at the viewing point ^^ and was propagated and refracted through the spectacle lens up to the entrance pupil. In a further preferred embodiment, the illumination appearance angle ^^^^ (defined for a corresponding viewing point ^^) is defined as a sum of the respective entrance pupil appearance angle ^^ (defined for the corresponding viewing point ^^). ^^ and an additional angle (defined for the corresponding viewing point ^^) ^^ ^^, which in this description is referred to as the additional shading angle (at the respective viewing point ^^). The additional shading angle ^^ ^^ may vary for different viewing points ^^. Alternatively, ^^ ^^ be chosen to be the same size for all viewing points (ie ^^^^ = ^^ for all ^^), Preferably, the additional shading angles ^^ ^^ a value between 0.5° and 50°, and more preferably a value between 10° and 35°. In particular, the additional shading angles ^^ ^^ depending on the individual parameters of the wearer's eye. For the respective additional shading angles ^^ ^^However, appropriate standard values ​​(especially a common standard value) should also be used. If the microstructures formed during exposure, which are located directly on the line of sight, are to scatter little or no light into the eye of the subsequent lens wearer, 1 the maximum angle = 2 ^^ ^^ apply: This is ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ (∆^^^^^^^^,^^ , ^^^^^^^^,^^) = 2 arcsin(∆^^^^^^^^,^^ ∙ ^^^^^^^^,^^ / 2) the full angle of the scattering disc in the geometric-optical approximation, which is perceived by the wearer of the spectacle lens when observing the light scattered by a microstructure, and simultaneously the full angle at which the entrance pupil appears from the position of the viewing point ^^ (e.g. from the position of a microstructure). Alternatively, for also a wave-optical approximation, e.g. by using the point spread function at defocus Pupil diameter ^^ ^^^^^^,^^ and the wavelength ^^ (e.g. ^^ = 550 nm), the smallest full angle is calculated, which corresponds to a circle in which a predetermined portion of the energy or intensity of the point spread function is enclosed (e.g. 90%). According to condition (1), the exposure appearance angle ^^^^ = 2^^^^:^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ (∆^^^^^^^^,^^ , ^^^^^^^^,^^) = ^^^^(∆^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^,^^ , ^^^^^^^^,^^) + ^^^^ > ^^^^(∆^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^,^^ , ^^^^^^^^,^^),with where ^^ ^^a predetermined positive angle (additional shadowing angle). If the above condition (1) is met, microstructures are formed in the photocurable layer due to the shadows cast by the microparticles, whose longitudinal axis runs along the line of sight of the eye passing through a microparticle. In this way, the eye looks at the narrow side of the microstructure. Light scattered by the part of the microstructure directly on the line of sight behind the microparticle is shadowed by the microparticle and thus does not enter the entrance pupil. If the maximum angle ^^ ^^ , which enclose incident illuminating light rays with the normal of an entrance pupil surface, larger than the full angle of the diverging disc This improves the quality of central vision even further, as microstructures that are positioned at an angle between 0 and ^^ ^^ / 2 to the line of sight, cannot scatter light into the entrance pupil. Since the light scattered by the microstructures is perceived as a scattering disc, which at the full angle ^^ ^^ can be seen, the point of sharpest vision (ie the direction of the line of sight) experiences no deterioration in the quality of vision due to the lens. The quality of vision in peripheral vision, on the other hand, decreases starting from the direction of gaze in an angular range of ^^ ^^ / 2 (half angle). The entrance pupil area represents, in particular, a surface that describes a multitude of possible positions of centroids of an entrance pupil of the wearer's eye (particularly in the wear position). The possible positions of centroids of the entrance pupil of the wearer's eye depend on the eye position of the wearer's eye. The maximum angle is preferred. ^^ ) even larger. In order to create a zone of clear view centered around the line of sight with the full angle (clear view zone angle), the maximum angle ^^ ^^ or for the exposure angle ^^ ^^ apply: where ^^ ^^ is a given positive angle. For eccentricities from the line of sight greater than ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ (∆^^^^^^^^,^^ , ^^^^^^^^,^^) the quality of vision decreases continuously. The angle or ^^, which is referred to as the clear vision zone angle in this description, is the full angle of a zone of clear vision. The clear vision zone angle ^^ ^^ may vary for different viewing points ^^. Preferably, it is chosen so that the zone of free view is the same size at any viewing point. Alternatively or additionally, be chosen to be the same size for all viewing points (ie = ^^ for all ^^), e.g., if the pupil diameter does not change significantly as a function of the viewing points ^^. As already mentioned, the full angle of the zone of free vision or ^^ (free vision zone angle) can be selected depending on the parameters of the spectacle or lens wearer. For example, or ^^ should be chosen smaller, the greater the progression of myopia is. Alternatively or additionally, or ^^ can be selected as a function of the decrease in visual acuity in the periphery, e.g., by setting the difference between visual acuity at eccentricity ^^^^ / 2 and the visual acuity in central vision in logMAR, ^^^^^^ / 2 − ^^^^0° =∆^^^^, to a predetermined value. Preferably, the free-vision zone angle ^^ or the free-vision zone angles each have a value between 0.5° and 20°, more preferably a value between 2° and 15°, and even more preferably a value between 4° and 10°. In general, both the free vision zone angle and the expected largest pupil diameter ^^ ^^^^^^,^^ be chosen so that both a myopia progression-inhibiting effect is achieved and wearing the lens does not cause discomfort. The parameters are varied during wearer tests and / or clinical studies to determine the optimal parameters. Due to the variability of pupil size, it may be advisable to use a ^^^^^^,^^Independent of the visual point ^^, a maximum expected pupil diameter ^^^^^^^^,^^^^^^ is assumed, which, for example, was measured under dim lighting after the wearer had previously been blinded. In particular, the values ​​of ^^^^^^^^,^^^^^^ can be between 3 mm and 6 mm. In general, the models used for pupil diameter, eye position and / or position of the entrance pupil can be improved by including other known parameters of the wearer, such as refraction, distance between the pupils of the left and right eye (the so-called pupillary distance), the diameter of the cornea and / or other biometric variables. Such models are preferably created using common machine learning methods and adapted to a measured data set (training).In a further preferred embodiment, the illumination means comprises or is a diffusely luminous sphere or a diffusely luminous spherical shell with a variable radius ^^. ^^^^ . The radius ^^ ^^^^ is preferably set to the following value during exposure: Where ^^^^^^^^ = a given largest angle ^^ ^^ , under which the exposure means or a light object (especially virtual) generated by the exposure means at the viewing point ^^ ∗ = argmax ) should appear. ∆^^^ denotes ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ the ^^ greatest curvature of all imaginary spherical light wave fronts propagating from the points of the microstructures closest to the eye (e.g. from the microparticles) to the entrance pupil surface, ^^ ^^^^^^^^the distance of the entrance pupil from the eye rotation point, and ^^ ^^^^^^,^^the diameter of an entrance pupil of the spectacle wearer in a viewing direction corresponding to the viewing point ^^. Alternatively, the exposure means can be a diffusely scattering sphere with a fixed radius, which creates a real image for exposure, the position and / or diameter of which can be adjusted using imaging optics. In the case of an adjustable radius of the exposure means or the diffusely luminous sphere or spherical shell, this or these is arranged during exposure in particular such that the center of the exposure means or the diffusely luminous sphere or spherical shell is located at a point relative to the spectacle lens which, in the wearing position of the spectacle lens, corresponds to the eye's center of rotation. Alternatively or additionally, the exposure means can comprise a light field display and / or a hologram generation unit.With the help of such a light field display and / or hologram generation unit, light fields (usable for the invention) can be generated without moving optical or mechanical components. In a further preferred embodiment, a thickness of the photoreactive layer and a size of the microparticles are selected in relation to one another such that shadows cast by the microparticles during exposure reach an outer surface of the photoreactive layer. This makes it possible, for example, to remove the uncured material remaining after exposure in the areas shadowed by the microparticles. This can be rinsed out, for example, using a solvent that does not attack the cured layer. Alternatively, the uncured material can be evaporated under temperature and / or pressure conditions that do not damage the spectacle lens. For example, the layer thickness of the photocurable layer, ^^. ^^^^, and the radius ^^ ^^ the absorbing microparticles (especially microspheres) present at the interface to the lens are related to the following: ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ > ^^^^^^ sin ^^^^^^^^, where the signs "+" and "-" correspond to the cases in which the microstructures (especially microspheres) are located just outside the photocurable layer ("+") or just inside this layer ("-"). Thus, the layer thickness ^^ ^^^^ when using microspheres with a diameter of 50 µm and a refractive index of the photo-curable layer of ^^ ^^^^ = 1.5, as well as ^^ ^^^^^^ = 22°: 125 µ^^ (5).In a further preferred embodiment, the photoreactive layer is exposed to visible light. The light used for exposure can alternatively be ultraviolet (UV) light, as is typically used in photolithography. However, if UV light is used, the different refractive indices may make it necessary to adapt the generated light field such that the shadow created in the photoreactive layer when using UV light corresponds to the shadow that would be created when using visible light (VIS). For these reasons, it is advantageous to use visible light to expose the photoreactive layer (e.g., to cure a photocurable layer). For example, blue / violet light (wavelength 400 nm up to 420 nm) can be used.The composition of the photoreactive layer must be suitable for dissolving or curing using the visible light used. For example, a visible-light-curable resin composed of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide can be used. It is particularly advantageous to use pulsed light with a wavelength of around 550 nm, which activates the photoinitiator for polymerization via two-photon absorption. The use of visible light for photolithography offers several advantages. For example, the exposure of the photoreactive layer and thus the creation of the desired anisotropic optical property can also be advantageously achieved in spectacle lenses that absorb the UV light normally used for photolithography.A further advantage is that the refractive index of the material for the light used for exposure matches that of the light used for the intended purpose of the spectacle lens, and accordingly, the resulting microstructures exhibit correct alignment along the lines of sight. A third advantage is a sharper edge of the resulting microstructures due to the shorter wavelength and nonlinear effects, thus improving their scattering effect.In a further preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the step of: - structuring the photoreactive layer, wherein the structuring comprises, in particular, exposing the photoreactive layer using a further photomask and / or exposing the photoreactive layer (in particular holographically) to an interference pattern, wherein the exposure of the photoreactive layer using the further photomask and / or the interference pattern preferably occurs from a side facing the front surface of the spectacle lens. Preferably, the additional exposure is performed in such a way that the microparticles cannot cast shadows on the photoreactive layer or that the previously shadowed areas can potentially be reached by light (unless they lie in an interference minimum and / or are shadowed by the further photomask).The photoreactive layer can in particular be additionally structured so that there are areas on the lens that have anisotropically scattering and / or anisotropically absorbing properties, and other areas that do not have anisotropically scattering and / or anisotropically absorbing properties. Alternatively, the strength of the anisotropically scattering or absorbing property can be modulated as a function of the position on the lens surface. The structures can be designed in such a way that they have a diffractive effect that can be used to inhibit the progression of myopia. A typical diffractive effect is between 1 dpt and 3 dpt. An effect with which objects at a medium to close distance can be sharply imaged onto the peripheral retina or blurred in front of the peripheral retina is advantageous, e.g. 0.75 dpt to 1.5 dpt.Due to the anisotropic scattering and / or absorption properties, the diffractive dioptric effect is also anisotropic: it is not present when looking directly through the lens (i.e., in central vision) and is present for light used for peripheral vision, the greater the eccentricity, the stronger the effect. Such structures can be designed, in particular, as diffractive gratings, Fresnel zone plates, or photon sieves. In particular, the diffractive structures can be created by varying the length of the microstructures formed behind the microparticles. The variation in the length of the microstructures can be binary or continuous, resulting in binary and / or continuous gratings and / or Fresnel zone plates and / or photon sieves. With binary variation of the length of the microstructures, there are abrupt transitions between areas as a function of the position on the lens, in which, for example,no or only very short microstructures are present, and areas in which microstructures of a length predetermined by the thickness of the photocurable layer are present. Such structures can be created by exposing the photoreactive (in particular photocurable) layer from the front of the spectacle lens (i.e. not through the microparticles). UV light, for example, can be used for this purpose. The exposure can be carried out through a mask with binary or continuously varying absorption that determines the structures to be formed. An optics can be used which images the mask onto the surface of the spectacle lens or onto the photoreactive (in particular photocurable) layer. The additional exposure process can be carried out before, during or after exposing the photoreactive layer from the back of the spectacle lens (through the microparticles).In a further preferred embodiment, the photoreactive layer is applied to the spectacle lens using a casting mold and / or at least one stamp such that the photoreactive layer has a varying thickness. Thus, it is possible to adjust the thickness of the photoreactive (in particular photocurable) layer using a structured stamp and / or a casting mold before the photoreactive layer is exposed from the rear surface of the spectacle lens through the microparticles. In this way, both types of variation in the length of the microstructures can be produced, namely binary and continuous. Alternatively or in addition to exposure through masks, structures with continuously varying scattering or absorption properties can be produced holographically by exposing the photoreactive layer with a suitable interference pattern from the front side of the spectacle lens.The hologram thus created produces the desired myopia-inhibiting effect when viewed through the lens. When creating diffractive structures, it is particularly advantageous for the shortest dimension of these structures to be considerably larger than the diameter of the microparticles. Accordingly, the diameter of the microparticles and / or their concentration and / or the thickness of the photoreactive layer can be adjusted, e.g., by reducing the diameter of the microparticles while simultaneously increasing their concentration.A further independent aspect of the present invention relates to a spectacle lens with a field of action such that for each viewing point on a rear surface of the spectacle lens within the field of action, an imaging quality of the spectacle lens in a beam direction of a primary beam belonging to the respective viewing point is maximum and the primary rays of all viewing points in the field of action are essentially in a common eye-side primary beam intersection area orPrimary beam intersection point, wherein the spectacle lens has in the effective area a plurality of light-absorbing microparticles and a plurality of light-scattering microstructures corresponding to the light-absorbing microparticles, wherein for each pair of a light-absorbing microparticle and a light-scattering microstructure corresponding to this light-absorbing microparticle, both the light-absorbing microparticle of the pair and the corresponding light-scattering microstructure of the pair are arranged along a direction of at least one and the same primary beam, and wherein the plurality of microstructures is formed by a (in particular cured) photolithographic lacquer.In other words, the spectacle lens has a range of effect, wherein the range of effect is particularly such that for each viewing point in the range of effect of the spectacle lens, there exists at least one associated primary ray for which the imaging quality of the spectacle lens has a maximum, wherein for all viewing points in the range of effect, the respective associated primary rays essentially intersect in a (specified) eye-side primary ray intersection area or primary ray intersection point. The "range of effect" of the spectacle lens can extend over at least a portion (in particular a contiguous portion) of the spectacle lens. For example, the range of effect of the spectacle lens can extend over approximately 50%, preferably approximately 80%, more preferably approximately 90%, and most preferably more than 90% of a surface or surfaces of the spectacle lens.In particular, the effective area can have a substantially circular area, preferably with a diameter of approximately 10 mm, more preferably approximately 20 mm, even more preferably approximately 40 mm. However, it is also possible for the effective area to have an oval cross-section or a cross-section with any other geometry. In particular, the effective area can be singly connected or multiply connected (e.g., ring-shaped). A multiply connected effective area can enclose one or more areas not belonging to the effective area, each of which covers an area of ​​between 0.2 mm² and 700 mm². Alternatively or additionally, the effective area can have a shape or cross-section that is adapted to the shape or cross-section of the spectacle lens, in particular to the edge of the (ground) spectacle lens.For example, the field of effect can be adapted to a typical or, preferably, an individual shape of the spectacle lens. In particular, the field of effect can be adapted to a spectacle lens (or the shape and / or the edge of the spectacle lens) which is ground into a spectacle frame worn by children or adolescents. The field of effect can also extend over the entire spectacle lens. The field of effect is preferably positioned such that it comprises one or more viewing points through which light beams falling on the peripheral retina (i.e., generally not into the fovea) during typical visual tasks frequently pass. Preferably, the field of effect can additionally also comprise viewing points through which light beams falling on the central retina frequently pass during typical visual tasks. In particular, the field of effect in the spectacle lens according to the invention serves for myopia control orto inhibit the progression of myopia. In particular, the spectacle lens or the effective range of the spectacle lens has a modulated (in particular visual field-modulated) image quality. The image quality depends in particular on the direction of light incidence and / or beam direction. In other words, for each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the image quality for different light rays or light rays with different directions of incidence is generally different. For the primary rays (which all essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point or pass through the virtual intersection sphere) or for beams whose chief ray is a primary ray, the image quality of the spectacle lens (in particular with regard to the direction of incidence of the primary rays or the respective primary ray) has a maximum.This maximum can be a local maximum or a global maximum. For at least some (in particular all) rays that pass through the visual point and that do not essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point or that do not pass through the virtual intersection sphere, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is lower than the maximum imaging quality. Such rays are referred to as secondary rays in the context of this description. In particular, for a beam of rays whose principal ray is such a secondary ray (i.e., a beam of rays whose direction deviates from the direction of the primary ray), the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is lower than the maximum imaging quality achieved for the same visual point (i.e., for the ray direction along the primary ray).The effective range is such that for each viewing point on a rear surface of the lens within the effective range, the imaging quality of the lens is maximum in a beam direction of a primary beam associated with the respective viewing point. In other words, the effective range is particularly such that for each viewing point in the effective range, there is at least one associated primary beam, in particular an associated beam direction (also referred to as the primary beam direction in the context of this description), for which the imaging quality of the lens, in particular at the respective viewing point, has a maximum, in particular a local maximum. The imaging quality of the lens therefore depends, in particular, on the beam direction within the effective range of the lens.For each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the light ray along whose ray direction (primary ray direction) the spectacle lens achieves a (local or global) maximum image quality at this viewing point is understood as the "primary ray" in the context of this description. The image quality of the spectacle lens is not better than the image quality along the primary ray direction for any ray direction deviating from the primary ray direction, and is worse for at least some ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction. In other words, the image quality of the spectacle lens does not increase for ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction, and decreases for at least some ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction. At least one specific primary ray (or at least one specific primary ray direction) is assigned to each viewing point in the effective range.Unless otherwise stated, the term "rays" in this description always refers to light rays. The primary rays of all viewing points, which are characterized or defined by the fact that they indicate a (local or global) maximum of the image quality of the spectacle lens in the effective range, essentially intersect in a common eye-side primary ray intersection area or primary ray intersection point. In other words, for all viewing points in the effective range, the respective associated primary rays essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point. Rays that are in a primary ray intersection area orPrimary beam intersection point "substantially intersect" is understood in the context of the present description in particular to mean that these rays pass through a virtual sphere (intersection sphere) whose center is the primary beam intersection point and which has a predefined diameter. In other words, for all viewing points in the area of ​​effect, the respective associated primary rays pass through a common virtual intersection sphere which has the primary beam intersection point as its center and a predetermined diameter. The term "substantially" in this context means that the rays or primary rays do not have to intersect exactly at the primary beam intersection point, but that a certain deviation from this specification is permitted within well-defined or predetermined limits. The defined orpredetermined limits are determined in the present case in particular by a predefined diameter of the virtual sphere of intersection. The diameter of the virtual sphere of intersection is preferably less than 6 mm, more preferably less than 5 mm, even more preferably less than 4 mm, and most preferably less than 3 mm. For example, the diameter of the virtual sphere of intersection can be 2 mm. In particular, the effective range is furthermore such that for each viewing point in the effective range there are associated secondary rays for which the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is in each case less than the (local) maximum, wherein the secondary rays, in contrast to the primary rays (after passing through the spectacle lens), do not substantially intersect in the primary ray intersection region or primary ray intersection point.In other words, the secondary rays, unlike the primary rays (after passing through the lens), do not pass through the virtual intersection sphere. The primary ray intersection area or primary ray intersection point can be specified for a spectacle lens independently of the user of the spectacle lens or the user's eye, and also independently of the position in which the spectacle lens is used. The primary ray intersection area or primary ray intersection point is therefore, in particular, an area or point that is defined based on the properties of the spectacle lens itself. The primary ray intersection area or primary ray intersection point lies, in particular, outside the spectacle lens and, in particular with regard to incident light rays, behind the spectacle lens. Depending on the path of all primary rays, the primary ray intersection point can be understood, in particular, as the intersection point of all primary rays.If the primary rays do not all intersect exactly at one point, the primary ray intersection point can also be understood as the center of the smallest sphere (section sphere) through which all primary rays pass. Alternatively, in this case, the primary ray intersection point can also be understood as the point which has the smallest sum of the squared distances to all primary rays. With the aid of the spectacle lens according to the invention, it is advantageously possible to modulate the image quality across the field of vision regardless of the user's current direction of gaze, similar to contact lenses. In particular, the spectacle lens according to the invention can be used to achieve better image quality for central vision than for peripheral vision in order to achieve a permanent myopia progression-inhibiting effect.On the other hand, consistent image quality can be ensured for central vision, so as not to disrupt the natural interplay of head and eye movements when looking, as occurs with conventional single-vision lenses. In particular, a primary ray represents a principal ray of a light beam of central vision (hereinafter referred to as the "principal ray of central vision"). And in particular, a secondary ray represents a principal ray of a light beam of peripheral vision (hereinafter referred to as the "principal ray of peripheral vision").Preferably, for each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens for beam directions that deviate from the beam direction of the respective primary beam is at least partially reduced by absorption and / or diffuse scattering and / or contrast reduction compared to the maximum imaging quality of the spectacle lens at the respective viewing point. In particular, for each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens for secondary rays incident on the spectacle lens at the respective viewing point that do not substantially intersect at the primary beam intersection point (orwhich do not pass through the virtual section sphere) are reduced by an absorption and / or (diffuse) scattering and / or contrast reduction caused by these secondary rays in comparison to the maximum image quality of the respective viewing point (which is achieved for the associated primary ray). In other words, the image quality of the spectacle lens is based in particular on light transmittance (transmittance) and / or scattering and / or contrast. In particular, in the context of the present description, the term "image quality" is understood to mean a quantity that depends on light transmittance (transmittance) and / or scattering (or diffuse scattering) and / or contrast. For example, the higher the light transmittance and / or the higher the contrast and / or the lower the scattering (or diffuse scattering), the higher the image quality.Alternatively or additionally, the image quality can also be based on image sharpness and / or refraction, in particular astigmatism. In other words, the image quality can be a value which alternatively or additionally depends on image sharpness and / or refraction, in particular astigmatism. For example, the higher the image sharpness and / or the lower the astigmatism, the higher the image quality. Alternatively or additionally, the image quality of the spectacle lens for the secondary rays incident on the spectacle lens can thus be reduced by an additional refraction caused for these rays, in particular by an additional astigmatism. The primary ray intersection point preferably corresponds to an eye rotation point in a wearing position of the spectacle lens. Within the scope of the invention, it has been found that the optical eye rotation point is particularly suitable for this purpose.The optical eye rotation point is the approximate intersection point of the fixation lines for a variety of viewing directions. The fixation line is understood to be the extension of the section of the light beam that directly enters the eye and passes through the center of the pupil and the object point during fixation of an object or object point. When the eye is looking through spectacles, the fixation line is the straight line that extends the section of the light beam between the back surface of the lens and the cornea. The fixation line can therefore also be understood as the extension of the section of the light beam that does not pass within the eye (but specifically between the lens and the eye), which emanates from the preferred fixation point on the retina, is refracted by the optical components of the eye, and passes through the center of the pupil.The optical eye rotation point can be determined, for example, with the help of an optimization method as the point that has the smallest sum of the squared distances to the fixation lines. Alternatively or additionally, the optical eye rotation point can be defined as the centroid of a smallest volume (e.g., a sphere) that is traversed by all primary rays (which intersect the back surface of the lens within the effective range of the spectacle lens and run in the direction of a maximum of image quality). It should be noted that the primary ray intersection point can, in principle, also correspond to a mechanical eye rotation point (in a wearing position of the spectacle lens). The mechanical eye rotation point is the point on the inside of the eye that, in a head-fixed reference system, approximately does not move during eye movements.The primary ray intersection point does not necessarily depend on the wearer or the wearer's eye, but rather represents a (specified) property of the lens itself, or can be determined from properties of the lens. In particular, the primary ray intersection point is a point predetermined or determined with the help of a parameterized model. In the context of this description, a "parameterized model" is understood to mean a model that is defined by one or more parameters. The parameterized model can refer in particular to parameters of the wearer of the lens, which are often used for lens calculations. For example, the position of the centering point and the corneal vertex distance (HSA) can be such parameters. Alternatively or additionally, the spherical equivalent of the wearer's eye (orthe spherical equivalent of the spectacle lens), the eye length and / or the outer diameter of the cornea can be parameters of the parameterized model. In particular, the primary ray intersection area or primary ray intersection point is an area or point specified with regard to the properties of the spectacle lens, which is defined with the aid of the parameterized model independently of a spectacle wearer or an eye of the spectacle wearer and / or independently of a wearing position of the spectacle lens. In particular, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically effective elements in the effective area, which are also referred to as optically effective components in the context of this description. An optical element comprises a microparticle and a microstructure corresponding to the microparticle.In particular, the optically active elements have a direction-dependent additional optical function that contributes to the (e.g. prescribed) optical function of the spectacle lens. The optically active elements are in particular designed and arranged (or aligned) in such a way that the image quality is impaired less for central vision than for peripheral vision. In order for the spectacle lens to have the correct direction of the axis(es) of the optically active elements depending on the position in the spectacle lens, the relative position of the eye to the spectacle lens (or vice versa) is preferably known during manufacture of the spectacle lens. As already mentioned above, this can be done, for example, within the framework of a parameterized model that includes or describes a fixation line convergence region or, in the simplest case, an (optical) eye rotation point.The optical eye rotation point is the point that is the shortest distance from the extension of the principal rays of the light beams striking the preferred fixation locus (hereinafter referred to as the direction of gaze or fixation line) on the eye side, for all directions of gaze passing through the spectacle lens on the eye side. Realistically, the optical eye rotation point is more likely to be described by a sphere, which in particular has a diameter that is less than 6 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, even more preferably less than 4 mm, and most preferably less than 3 mm. For example, the diameter of this sphere can be approximately 2 mm. It goes without saying that other models are also possible, such as interpolation of the directions of gaze.A wearer of the spectacle lens can correspond to an individual observer for whom the individually possible eye positions or at least gaze directions, as well as pupil sizes, are known (e.g., through measurement). The wearer of the spectacle lens can also correspond to a model observer whose eye positions or at least gaze directions are representative of a large number of individuals and are known, for example, from the literature or have been determined from measurements of a large number of individuals. The wearer of the spectacle lens can also correspond to a partially individualized observer for whom certain parameters have been individually measured (e.g., individual frame parameters such as corneal vertex distance, forward tilt, and frame lens angle), but others are determined using models (e.g., the eye pivot distance).Preferably, an optical effect (particularly reducing the image quality) of each of the optically active elements depends on a direction of a light beam incident on the respective optically active element. Alternatively or additionally, an optical effect (particularly reducing the image quality) of each of the optically active elements is a function of the angle between a propagation direction of a light beam incident on the respective optically active element and the direction of a longitudinal axis of the respective optically active element. This angle is also referred to as the "deviation angle" in the context of the present description, since a deviation of the image quality from the maximum image quality achieved for the primary rays depends on it. For small deviation angles, the contribution of a direction-dependent optical function to the (e.g.The (prescribed) optical function of the spectacle lens is preferably designed such that the optical function of the spectacle lens enables good, in particular maximum, image quality, and this deteriorates at larger deviation angles. Preferably, a direction-dependent optical effect of each of the at least one optically effective elements is essentially constant at said deviation angles which are smaller than a predefined threshold angle (e.g., 5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°). Preferably, the optical effect of each of the at least one optically effective elements increases continuously up to a predetermined value at said deviation angles above the predefined threshold angle.This advantageously enables consistent image quality within a certain viewing angle range around the direction corresponding to sharpest vision, as well as gradually deteriorating imaging properties in peripheral vision, which is perceived as pleasant for spectacle wearers. This is because, regardless of the position of the eyes, the secondary rays (or the principal rays of the light beams or wavefronts used for peripheral vision), i.e. rays that do not impinge on the preferred fixation locus, enclose larger angles to the axis of the at least one optically active element at the respective positions of the spectacle lens than the primary rays (orIn this way, different optical functions of the spectacle lens and thus a different image quality are generated for central and peripheral vision, regardless of the position of the eyes. Each optically active element preferably has or defines a longitudinal axis, and an optical effect of each optically active element on a light beam striking the optically active element depends on the angle between a beam direction (i.e. propagation direction) of the light beam (when striking the optically active element) and the longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis of each active element is preferably aligned essentially parallel to the beam direction of the primary beam running in the area of ​​the corresponding optically active element.Preferably, the optical effect of each optically effective element is substantially constant for light rays whose angle between the beam direction and the longitudinal axis of the optically effective element is smaller than a predefined threshold angle. Furthermore, the optical effect of each optically effective element increases continuously with increasing angle for light rays whose angle between the beam direction and the longitudinal axis is above the predefined threshold angle. Preferably, each optically effective element comprises a light-absorbing element (absorption element or absorber for short) as a microparticle and a light-scattering element (scattering element or scatterer for short) as a microstructure corresponding to the microparticle. In particular, a light-absorbing effect of an absorber depends on a light incidence direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the absorber.And in particular, a light-scattering effect of a scatterer depends on a direction of light incidence relative to a longitudinal axis of the scatterer. Alternatively or additionally, a light-absorbing effect of the arrangement of an absorber and a scatterer depends in particular on a direction of light incidence relative to a line along which the absorber and scatterer are arranged. Preferably, the spectacle lens has an optically active element for each of a predetermined plurality of viewing points in the effective range, which element is arranged such that a longitudinal axis of the optically active element is substantially parallel to the direction of incidence of the primary beam associated with the respective viewing point. In other words, a longitudinal axis of the optically active element is substantially parallel to the primary beam direction.The spectacle lens preferably has a plurality of optically active elements which are distributed over the effective area in such a way that projections of the positions of the optically active elements along the primary beam running in the area of ​​the respective optically active element onto a corresponding viewing point on the rear surface of the spectacle lens have a surface density there. c. os ^^ distribution, which is proportional to ^^ 2 where ^^ denotes the distance of the respective viewing point from the primary ray intersection point and ^^ denotes the angle between the eye-side ray direction of the primary ray belonging to the respective viewing point and a surface normal to the back surface of the spectacle lens at the respective viewing point. In other words, a local density of the optically effective elements at a viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle c os glass proportional to ^^ 2, where ^^ denotes the angle between a surface normal of the spectacle lens intersecting at the viewing point and the primary ray associated with the viewing point, and where ^^ denotes the distance of the primary ray intersection point from the viewing point of the spectacle lens. Advantageously, it can thus be achieved that the absorption and / or scattering caused by central vision remains constant when the viewing direction changes. If the optically active elements are of the same size, a higher density of optically active elements can be arranged in areas of the spectacle lens located close to the primary ray intersection point than in areas of the spectacle lens further away. In particular, it can thus advantageously be achieved that, with respect to an eye position (with respect to the Haar measure) or a viewing angle (with respect to the isotropic distribution of directions on a unit sphere), on average the same number of optically activeelements (e.g., absorbers). The density of the optically active elements (i.e., their number per surface area of ​​the lens) thus preferably depends on the position in the lens. In particular, the local density of the optically active elements at a viewing point in the effective range of the lens is proportional to cos ^^(^^, ^^) / ^^(^^, ^^)2, where x and y denote the coordinates of the viewing point. For example, the lens surface can be specially coated so that the microparticles can only bind at predetermined locations. For example, the particles could be coated with avidin, and the lens surface could be biotinylated only at predetermined locations. This can ensure that the microparticles bind only at predetermined locations. It is understood that other common binding systems can also be used for this purpose, or that a suitable hydrophobicity can be selected. The microparticles can also be coated withapplied using a printing process (e.g., with an inkjet). Alternatively or additionally, with a constant density of the microparticles, the effect of increasing absorption or scattering (for viewing the area with peripheral vision) with increasing angle of the fixation line to the photocurable layer can be counteracted by suitably reducing the layer thickness of the photoreactive layer depending on the distance of the viewing point from the primary ray intersection point. This can be done, for example, using suitable spin-coating process parameters and / or using stamps that produce thinner layers at the edges. Preferably, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically active elements in the field of effect, the arrangement of which is irregular (or random) or at least has an irregular (or random) component. For example, the arrangement of the optically active elements can, in principle, be regular.be irregular or random components. A regular arrangement with a random component can be created, for example, by binding the microparticles at predetermined locations that have a finite extent. On the scale of this extent, the position cannot be controlled, so that it is random. A random arrangement or one containing random components is preferable to regular arrangements, since the lack of a regular arrangement does not result in any disturbing patterns. With a regular arrangement, an unwanted overlap of optically effective elements that were designed for adjacent viewing directions can also occur in certain directions in the field of view. This can advantageously be avoided with arrangements that are random or contain random components. In a preferred embodiment, for each pair of a light-absorbing microparticle and alight-absorbing microparticles corresponding to a light-scattering microstructure, such that the corresponding microstructure of the pair is arranged closer to a front surface of the spectacle lens than the light-absorbing microparticle of the pair. The front surface of the spectacle lens is understood to be the object-side surface of the spectacle lens, i.e. the surface of the spectacle lens which, in a position of use, faces an object to be viewed and / or faces away from the eye of a spectacle wearer. As a rule, this front surface of the spectacle lens is a convex surface. In contrast, the rear surface of the spectacle lens is understood to be a surface of the spectacle lens which, in the position of use, faces the eye. As a rule, this rear surface of the spectacle lens is a concave surface. In a further preferred embodiment, the following applies to each pair consisting of a light-absorbing microparticle and a light-absorbing microparticle corresponding to thislight-scattering microstructure, that light emanating from the corresponding light-scattering microstructure of the pair in a beam direction of the primary beam running in the region of the corresponding light-scattering microstructure of the pair is at least partially, and preferably substantially completely, absorbed by the light-absorbing microparticle of the pair. It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the respective combination specified, but also individually or in other combinations without departing from the scope of the present invention. The above-mentioned further independent aspects and in particular for related preferred embodiments are also subject to the statements made above or below regarding the embodiments of the first aspect. In particular, the following apply to an independent aspect of the presentInvention and, for related preferred embodiments, also the above and below statements regarding the embodiments of the respective other independent aspects. Individual embodiments for solving the problem are described below by way of example with reference to the figures. The individual embodiments described partly have features that are not absolutely necessary to implement the claimed subject matter, but which provide desired properties in certain applications. Thus, embodiments that do not have all the features of the embodiments described below are also to be considered as falling within the scope of the described technical teaching. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary repetition, certain features are mentioned only in relation to individual embodiments described below. It is pointed out that the individual embodiments therefore do not onlytaken, but should also be viewed in a synopsis. Based on this synopsis, the person skilled in the art will recognize that individual embodiments can also be modified by incorporating individual or multiple features of other embodiments. It is pointed out that a systematic combination of the individual embodiments with individual or multiple features described in relation to other embodiments may be desirable and expedient and should therefore be considered and also considered as encompassed by the description. The invention will be further described below using preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation to illustrate the method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 shows a schematic drawing of scattering disks for various eccentricities anddifferent exposure angles; Figures 3a-3e each show a schematic representation for providing a spectacle lens 100 with a plurality of microparticles 130 and a photoreactive layer 110 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figures 4a-4c each show a schematic representation for exposing a photoreactive layer 110 of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figures 5a-5c show schematic representations of spectacle lenses from Figures 4a to 4c according to preferred embodiments of the invention after applying an additional protective layer; Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a further spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 8a shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according toa preferred embodiment of the invention with an eye-side gaze deflection of 0°; Figure 8b shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with an eye-side gaze deflection of 16.5°; Figure 9 shows, for a spectacle lens 100 that can be produced using the method described herein, the dependence of the angle between central and peripheral chief rays on the position in the spectacle lens 100 with an eye-side gaze direction of 0° and an eye-side gaze direction of 16.5°. In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, all spectacle lenses, i.e. both a (conventional) spectacle lens to be processed using the method according to the invention and a spectacle lens produced using the method, are provided with the reference numeral 100. The reference numeral 100 therefore refers hereinafter only to a spectacle lens, regardless of itsProcessing state. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation to illustrate the method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The method described herein serves to produce a spectacle lens 100 for myopia control for an eye of a future spectacle lens user or wearer. First, a spectacle lens 100 is provided with a plurality of microparticles 130 and a photoreactive layer 110, which borders the plurality of microparticles 130 or has the plurality of microparticles 130. Exemplary or preferred methods for providing such a spectacle lens 100 are schematically illustrated in Figures 3a to 3e. The microparticles 130 can generally have light-absorbing and / or light-reflecting and / or light-scattering properties. With regard to the figures, the following mainly describes embodiments in which the microparticles 130light-absorbing, i.e. absorber A, and the generated microstructures 150 are light-scattering, i.e. scatterer S. The microstructures 150 are generated by exposing the photoreactive layer 110 with an exposure agent BM in the photoreactive layer 110. At least some (in particular all) of the microparticles 130 act as a photomask for the exposure. In particular, anisotropically scattering objects or microstructures 150 are generated in this way with the aid of a photolithographic process in a photoreactive layer 110 (e.g. a photocurable polymer layer) by using microparticles 130 and a specially arranged and dimensioned exposure agent BM to cure the photoreactive layer 110, and the microstructures 150 are generated therein. According to the embodiment of Figure 1, for exposing the photoreactive layer 110 with the aid of the spherical exposure means BM, aA light field is generated which has light rays diverging from the surface of the exposure means BM in all directions (including those not perpendicular to the surface of the exposure means BM). The center or midpoint of the spherical exposure means BM is located at a point relative to the spectacle lens 100 which, in a specific position of use of the spectacle lens 100, corresponds to the ocular rotation point AD of one eye of the future spectacle lens wearer. Thus, the spectacle lens 100 can be optimized with respect to a specific position of use relative to the ocular rotation point AD of the eye of the spectacle wearer. The exposure means BM shown as an example in Figure 1 is a diffusely luminous sphere whose center is located at the optical ocular rotation point AD. The exposure means BM illuminates a conventional, already processed spectacle lens 100 with a first surface FL1, which represents a rear surface 8 of the spectacle lens 100, and a second surfaceFL2, which represents a front surface 7 of the spectacle lens 100. Outside the spectacle lens 100, on its front surface FL2, there are a plurality of absorbers A, e.g., magnetite microspheres. These can be enclosed and fixed in a layer forming a further surface FL3 on the front surface FL2 of the spectacle lens 100. A layer AS that can be cured with the light emitted by the exposure medium BM is located, as seen from the exposure medium BM, behind the conventional spectacle lens 100 and behind the microparticles 130 or absorbers A, and forms an externally accessible surface FL4. The exposure medium BM creates, in the direction of illumination, frustoconical shadows S behind the absorbers A, within which the material of the curable layer AS is not illuminated by the emitted light and therefore does not cure. To expose the photoreactive layer 110 or the curable layer AS, a light field and / or a beam of rays is used in such a waygenerated that for each viewing point ^^ of a plurality of viewing points of the spectacle lens 100, the exposure means BM (and / or a light object generated by the exposure means BM) at the viewing point ^^ under an exposure appearance angle ^^ ^^ appears which is greater than an entrance pupil angle determined and / or specified for the viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^ , under which an entrance pupil EPi of the eye of the wearer appears at the viewing point ^^. As can be seen in Figure 1, the exposure angle ^^ ^^the angle at which the illumination means BM (in particular an edge of the illumination means BM) appears at the viewing point ^^. It should be noted at this point that the viewing point ^^ is not explicitly marked in the schematic drawing of Figure 1. For example, the viewing point can be defined at the rear surface 8 of the spectacle lens 100. However, it is also possible to define the viewing point of the spectacle lens 100 at the location of a microparticle 130. In the latter case, the exposure appearance angle ^^ would then be ^^ the angle at which the illumination medium BM appears at the location of a microparticle 130. Furthermore, it is noted that a microparticle 130 is usually much smaller than the entrance pupil EPi or the illumination medium BM. Thus, the angles shown in Figure 1 correspond to ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^between the light rays connecting the edge of the microparticle 130 with the edge of the entrance pupil EPi or the illumination means BM, approximately the angles of appearance under which the entrance pupil EPi or the illumination means BM appears at the location of a microparticle 130. The full opening angle of the shadow S for the i-th shadow is ^^^^ = 2^^^^ and is by the angle ^^ ^^ larger than the angle ^^ ^^, under which the entrance pupil EPi of the eye of the future observer would appear when looking directly at the microstructure 150 or the scatterer. For different viewing directions, the entrance pupils EPi and EPj are located on a spherical surface, the so-called entrance pupil surface EPF, around the optical eye rotation point AD. The truncated cone-shaped shadows are intersected by the externally accessible surface FL4. By removing the material in the shadows S that has not cured after exposure, cavities are created that scatter light. Alternatively, the cavities can also be filled with another, scattering and / or absorbing material. In particular, with a suitably dimensioned exposure medium BM, structures can be created in the light-curable layer AS in this way, which when viewed directly (ieIndirect vision (i.e., in central vision) is less influenced by the wearer of the spectacle lens than indirect vision (i.e., in peripheral vision). By appropriately dimensioning the illumination means BM or the light field and / or beam generated thereby, the angle ^^. ^^ and thus the size of the area around the viewing direction in which the quality of vision is not impaired at all or only slightly can be adjusted. The exposure medium BM used to produce the anisotropically scattering microstructures 150 generates a light field and / or beam of rays suitable for curing the photocurable layer 110. The light falls onto the entrance pupil area EPF at the respective intersection points ^^ of the light rays at angles of incidence that are smaller than the maximum angle ^^ ^^. In other words, the angle between the light propagation direction and the normal on the entrance pupil surface EPF at the penetration point ^^ is smaller than ^^ ^^ The entrance pupil area (EPF) is to be understood in particular as the area that describes the position of the centroids of the entrance pupil (defined from a central perspective) as a function of the eye position of the future wearer of the lens. The maximum angle to the normal, ^^ ^^, can be selected depending on the expected diameter of the entrance pupil of the future spectacle lens user for a given line of sight. In particular, the maximum angle to the normal can be modeled according to the line of sight and other parameters or measurements. The entrance pupil area EPF can be determined individually, e.g., measured individually. Alternatively, it can also be determined using models. In a simple model, the entrance pupil area EPF can be a function of the optical eye rotation point AD, which was measured individually or calculated using a model. For example, the entrance pupil area EPF can be a sphere with a radius of 10.7 mm around the optical eye rotation point AD of the future spectacle lens user, which is opposite to the line of sight when looking through the center point of the spectacle lens at a distance equal to the corneal-vertex distance plus 13.5 mm, from the back of the lens 8. Alternatively, the entrance pupil area EPF can be determined using a more complex model. For example, it can be a function of the position of the eye's rotation axes during vertical and horizontal gaze movements (cf. A. Ohlendorf, F. Schaeffel, S. Wahl: "Positions of the horizontal and vertical center of rotation in eyes with different refractive errors," OPO 2022, DOI: 10.1111 / opo.12940). In this case, the entrance pupil surface EPF can be an ellipsoid or a torus, which has a radius of curvature of 9.7 mm in a vertical section and a radius of curvature of 12.5 mm in a horizontal section, corresponding to the distance of the axes of rotation of the eye from the entrance pupil EP, which is located 2.8 mm behind the corneal vertex in section.The entrance pupil surface EPF is located opposite the line of sight of the future spectacle lens user through the centering point of the spectacle lens 100 at a distance from the back surface 8 of the spectacle lens which corresponds to the corneal vertex distance plus 2.8 mm. If a sphere around the eye rotation point AD is used as a model of the entrance pupil surface EPF, a diffusely luminous sphere or spherical shell with the eye rotation point AD as the center can serve as the illumination means BM. The sphere or spherical shell can be a real object or an optical image of a real object, or another means of representation. The radius of this sphere or spherical shell can be the greatest curvature of all imaginary spherical light wave fronts emanating from the microparticles 130 and propagated to the entrance pupil surface EPF ^^^^^^^^ = , the distance of the entrance pupil EPi. vom Eye pivot point AD, ^^ ^^^^^^^^, as well as the pupil diameter ^^ ^^^^^^,^^ ∗ at the viewing point ^^∗ = argmax ) with the largest angle ^^. The radius of the^^ sphere or spherical surface used for exposure is For example, a clear field of view of ^^ = 10° diameter around the line of sight is to be realized. The spectacle lens 100 has, for example, a corneal-vertex distance of approximately 10 mm, a refractive index of n = 1.5, and a center thickness of 1.5 mm. The distance of the optical eye rotation point AD from the lens vertex is, for example, ^^′ = 23.2 ^^^^ with a tilt relative to the direction of gaze through the centering point of 0°. The smallest distance of the entrance pupil EP to a microparticle 130 is, for example, 13.5 mm. The distance between the entrance pupil EP and the optical eye rotation point AD is, for example, ^^ ^^^^^^^^ = 10.7 mm. The largest curvature of a wavefront, for example, is = 74 dpt. With a pupil diameter of e.g. ^^ ^^^^^^,^^ = 4 mm, the scattering disc appears at the angle ^^^^∗ = 2 arcsin(74 ^^^^^^ ∙ 4 ^^^^ / 2) = 17°. The maximum angle at which exposure light should strike the incident pupil surface EPF is then given by^^^^^^^^ = ^^^^∗ +^^ 2= 17° + 5° = 22°. The radius of a sphere used for exposure and centered at the eye rotation point AD is therefore 10.7 ^^^^) = 9.1The exposure object used for exposure can have an adjustable radius due to the different pupil diameters of different spectacle wearers. It can, for example, be a sphere made of a liquid that scatters the exposure light, which is enclosed in a bubble or balloon and illuminated by the exposure light, e.g. via a fiber optic cable or a lens. The radius of the bubble or balloon can be controlled by changing the volume of the scattering liquid. The sphere or spherical surface used for illumination also preferably has a position that is adjustable relative to the spectacle lens, with which it can be positioned at the eye pivot point AD of the future spectacle lens wearer. Alternatively, the real image of a diffusely scattering sphere with a fixed radius can serve as an exposure object used for exposure.In this case, both the position and diameter of the image can be adjusted using the imaging optics in order to adapt them to different eye rotation point positions, centrations, and pupil diameters of spectacle wearers. If a more complex model of the viewing eye is used, a light field display can also serve as the exposure means BM. The light field generated by the light field display represents a light object (suitable for exposure) (in particular, a virtual light object), which can realize different light incidence directions onto the entrance pupil area EPF depending on the direction of illumination. The light field can, for example, be dependent on parameters of the spectacle lens 100 (such asPosition of the centering point, forward tilt, frame lens angle, corneal-vertex distance, base curve and / or refraction) and / or the position of the eye rotation point AD and / or an expected pupil diameter that varies as a function of the visual point. Alternatively, for example, with a fixed distance between the optical axes of rotation of the eye, the illumination means or a light object generated by the illumination means can be designed as a hologram, which can be manufactured more cheaply than a light field display. Different holograms can be used for different angles ^^. ^^^^^^The position of the hologram can be adjusted according to the position of the eye's center of rotation AD. Figure 2 shows a schematic sketch of scattering disks for various eccentricities and different exposure angles, which serves to explain the free-view zone angle ^^ used in this description. In particular, Figure 2 illustrates the impression of a spectacle wearer produced by a scattering part of a microstructure considered individually at different eccentricities (shown in the "rows" of Figure 2) and different exposure angles ^^^^ = 2^^^^ (shown in the "columns" A to D of Figure 2). The following applies to column A: ^^ ^^ < column B: < ^^^^ < ^^^^,column C: ^^^^ > ^^^^, and for column D: > ^^^^ + ^^. The cross shown in Figure 2 indicates the direction of the fixation line and thus the direction of gaze. The microstructure lies in the direction of the center of the scattering disk (large circles). If the circle is dashed, the scattering part of the microstructure is completely shaded by its absorbing part, and the scattering disk is not visible. Only with increasing eccentricity (in Figure 2 from top to bottom) does the scattering disk become visible (hatched circles with solid borders), whereby the darker the hatching in the sketch, the more light enters the eye. In column D, there is an area of ​​size ^^ around the direction of gaze (dotted small circles) that cannot be covered by the scattering disk due to the shadowing of the scattering part of the microstructure. Using the clear view angle ^^, a zone of clear view centered around the line of sight can be selected or defined.In particular, for each viewing direction ^^ an associated clear view zone angle can be specified. be selected or specified. Preferably, the additional shading angle shown in Figure 1 ^^ ^^ : ^^ ^^ =^^ ^^ +^^ ^^Figures 3a to 3e show schematic representations for providing a spectacle lens 100 with a plurality of microparticles 130 and a photoreactive layer 110 according to preferred embodiments of the invention. In particular, Figures 3a to 3e show the application and / or introduction of microparticles 130 or absorbers A as well as the application of the photocurable layer 110. According to Figure 3a, starting from a conventional spectacle lens blank, the required refractive effect is first created by processing at least one of the surfaces (step S1). In a further step, the microparticles or absorbers 130 are applied in a layer covering the front surface of the spectacle lens 100 and optionally cured (step S2), or absorbers 130 are applied and fixed to the front surface of the spectacle lens 100. In a further step (step S3), the photocurable layer 110 is applied. According to Figure 3b, starting from aOn a spectacle lens blank containing the microparticles or absorbers 130 near the front surface 7 of the spectacle lens 100, the required refractive effect is first created by processing the surface further away from the absorbers (step 1). In a further step (step 3), the photocurable layer 110 is applied. According to Figure 3c, starting from a conventional spectacle lens blank, the required refractive effect is first created by processing at least one of the surfaces (step 1). In a further step, the microparticles or absorbers 130 in the photocurable layer 110 are applied to the front surface 7 of the processed spectacle lens (steps S2 and S3). The method according to Figure 3d is based on the method according to Figure 3c, wherein magnetic and / or magnetizable microparticles or absorbers 130 are used, with an additional step S4 in which the magnetizable absorbers are arranged in an inhomogeneousA magnetic field is drawn to the interface between the processed spectacle lens 100 and the photocurable layer 110. According to Figure 3e, starting from a spectacle lens blank containing the microparticles or absorbers 130 throughout its entire interior, the required refractive effect is first generated by processing at least one surface (step S1). In a further step (step S3), the photocurable layer 110 is applied. Figures 4a to 4c show schematic representations for exposing a photoreactive layer 110 of a spectacle lens 100 according to preferred embodiments of the invention. In particular, Figures 4a to 4c show schematic representations for curing a photocurable layer 110. According to Figure 4a, the processed spectacle lens 100, which contains a plurality of microparticles 130 (e.g. absorbers) and the photoreactive layer 110 (e.g. photocurable layer AS), is exposed to the exposure agent BM, so thatThe desired microstructures 150 are created in the photoreactive layer 110 by the shadows cast by the microparticles 130. As indicated by the arrows, the exposure medium BM is movable. The remaining uncured residues of the photocurable layer AS are subsequently removed. According to Figure 4b, the processed spectacle lens 100, which contains a plurality of microparticles 130 (e.g., absorbers) and the photoreactive layer 110 (e.g., photocurable layer AS), is exposed not only with the movable exposure medium BM but also from the other side through a mask MA. This mask MA is illuminated by a further light source LI, a diffuser DI, a diaphragm BL, and corresponding illumination optics comprising a condenser KO, and is imaged onto the photoreactive layer 110 or photocurable layer AS using an objective lens OB. As a result, areas 160 of the photo-curable layer specified by the mask MAAS is exposed. In particular, parts of the photocurable layer AS are exposed and / or cured which, without the additional exposure device, would not have been exposed due to the shadow cast by the absorbers 130. Both exposure processes can take place independently, i.e., simultaneously, or in any order. Microstructures 150 are only formed where shadows are cast by both the absorbers 130, which function as a first mask, and the second mask MA. The remaining uncured residues of the photocurable layer AS are subsequently removed. If uncured material is still present, it can be cured in a further exposure step without a mask. According to Figure 4c, the thickness of the photocurable layer AS applied to the processed spectacle lens 100 is controlled using a mold GF or a stamp ST. As a result, depending on the position on theSpectacle lens 100 controls the sizes of the microstructures 150 created during exposure by the movable exposure means BM, in particular the length of the areas of the photocurable layer AS shaded by the absorbers 130. The remaining uncured residues of the photocurable layer AS are subsequently removed. Figures 5a to 5c show schematic drawings of spectacle lenses from Figures 4a to 4c after application of an additional protective layer 180. In the spectacle lens 100 in Figure 5a, the microstructures 150 are evenly distributed over the photoreactive layer 110. In the spectacle lens 100 in Figures 5b and 5c, the formation of microstructures 150 was partially prevented by exposure through a mask (Figure 5b) or with the aid of a structured mold and / or a stamp (Figure 5c). Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.Spectacle lens 100 has a front surface 7, a rear surface 8, a plurality of viewing points (not explicitly shown in Figure 6), and a field of effect 10. The field of effect 10 is designed such that for each viewing point on the rear surface 8 of the lens within the field of effect 10, an imaging quality of the spectacle lens 100 in a beam direction of a primary beam 13 associated with the respective viewing point is maximum. In other words, the field of effect 10 is designed such that for each viewing point in the field of effect 10, there exists at least one associated primary beam 13 for which an imaging quality of the spectacle lens 100 has a maximum. The primary beams 13 are characterized in that they essentially intersect for all viewing points at a (specified) eye-side primary beam intersection point 30. In other words, the primary rays 13 are characterized by the fact thatthey each pass through a common virtual intersection sphere 35 for all viewing points. The virtual intersection sphere 35 has the primary ray intersection point 30 as its center point and a predetermined diameter. The primary rays 13 correspond in particular to the chief rays HSz of light bundles used for central vision. The primary ray intersection point 30 can be predetermined or determined, for example, with the aid of a parameterized model. In particular, the primary ray intersection point 30 corresponds to an optical eye rotation point in a wearing position of the spectacle lens 100. In the field of effect 10, the spectacle lens 100 has a plurality of optically active elements 20, wherein each optically active element 20 comprises a pair of a microparticle 130 (not explicitly shown in Figure 6) and a microstructure 150 corresponding to the microparticle 130 (not explicitly shown in Figure 6). The optically active elements 20 each havean axis Ax or axis alignment that changes with the position in the spectacle lens 100. The axis Ax of each of the optically active elements 20 is essentially parallel to the respective primary rays 13 or principal rays HSz of light bundles used for central vision. In the case of generally bent primary or principal rays HSz of light bundles used for central vision, the axis Ax of each of the optically active elements 20 is in particular essentially parallel to at least a portion of the respective primary rays or principal rays HSz of light bundles used for central vision. The primary rays or principal rays HSz intersect approximately at the primary ray intersection point 30. The optically active components 20 of the spectacle lens 100 impair the image or imaging quality of the spectacle lens 100 less for central vision than for peripheral vision. An optically active component 20 has aThe optical function of the spectacle lens 100 has an additional direction-dependent optical function (in particular, precisely one direction-dependent optical function, for example, going beyond a usual usage position optimization), which depends at least on the direction of an axis Ax of the optically active component 20. The direction of the axis Ax of the optically active component depends on a lateral position in the spectacle lens 100 in such a way that — regardless of the eye position of an eye of a wearer of the spectacle lens 100 looking through the spectacle lens 100 — the direction of incidence of a principal ray of a light beam (or equivalent thereto) impinging on the optically active component 20 at the said position, both passing through the pupil of the eye and centrally impinging on the preferred fixation locus of the retina (typically an individually differing position in the fovea, and often its center)a light wave front) is as parallel as possible to the direction of the axis Ax of the optically active component at the said position of the spectacle lens 100. Such a bundle of light rays corresponds to the light used for central vision. The direction dependence of the optical function of a particle or optically active component 20 is at least a function of the angle between the propagation direction of the light incident on the optically active component 20 at a given position of the spectacle lens 100 and the direction of the axis Ax of the optically active component at this position. At small angles, the contribution of the direction-dependent optical function to the optical function of the spectacle lens is preferably designed such that the optical function of the spectacle lens 100 enables good imaging quality, and this deteriorates with increasing angles. It is advantageous if the direction-dependent opticalFunction does not change significantly at small angles up to a predetermined threshold (e.g., 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°) and continuously approaches a predetermined value above this threshold. This enables consistent image quality in a certain viewing angle range around the direction corresponding to the sharpest vision, as well as gradually deteriorating imaging properties in peripheral vision, which is perceived as more pleasant than an abrupt change in image quality. Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention. The spectacle lens 100 has suitably segmented surfaces SO within the spectacle lens 100, which, in any viewing direction (or independently of a viewing direction), are perpendicular to the primary rays 13 or the principal rays of the light beams of central vision HSz. Secondary rays 15 or principal rays of theLight beams of peripheral vision HSp do not impinge perpendicularly on the surfaces OS, regardless of the viewing direction. The greater the deviation from the current viewing direction, the greater the angles the principal rays form with the surface normal. The principal rays of a light beam are those light beams that impinge at the center of the entrance pupil 40. Approximately, the primary rays 13 and the principal rays of central vision HSz intersect at the primary ray intersection point 30, which corresponds in particular to the optical eye rotation point. Figure 8a shows a schematic representation of a section through a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with an eye-side gaze deflection of 0°, wherein the section plane contains an eye rotation point and the pupil center. To illustrate the paths of primary rays 13 and principal rays of central vision HSz and secondary rays15 or principal rays of peripheral vision HSp, an enlarged spectacle lens section 1 at an exemplary first viewing point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100 and an enlarged spectacle lens section 2 at an exemplary second viewing point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100 are shown on the left side of Figure 8a. Figure 8b shows a schematic representation of the spectacle lens 100 of Figure 8a with an eye-side gaze deflection of 16.5°. To illustrate the paths of primary rays 13 or principal rays of central vision HSz and secondary rays 15 or principal rays of peripheral vision HSp, on the left side of Figure 8b, an enlarged spectacle lens section 1 at the exemplary first viewing point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100 and an enlarged spectacle lens section 2 at the exemplary second viewing point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100 are shown.shown. With a gaze deflection of 0° as recognizable by the entrance pupil 40 (see Figure 8a), the first visual point lies in the direction of gaze or on the fixation line, whereas with a gaze deflection of 16.5° as recognizable by the entrance pupil 40 (see Figure 8b), the second visual point lies in the direction of gaze or on the fixation line. Figures 8a and 8b particularly show that the segmented surfaces SO of the spectacle lens 100 and thus also the optically active elements 20 (i.e. a pair of microparticles 130 and microstructure 150) of the spectacle lens 100 are each arranged such that all primary rays 13 or all chief rays HSz of central vision impinge perpendicularly on the segmented surfaces SO of the spectacle lens 100 and thus run essentially parallel to the axes of the associated optically active elements 20. The secondary rays 15 or the main rays HSp of peripheral visionHowever, in contrast to the primary rays 15 or the principal rays HSz of central vision, which do not essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point 30 or the optical eye rotation point (or which do not pass through the virtual intersection sphere 35 with the primary ray intersection point 30 or the optical eye rotation point as the center), do not impinge perpendicularly on the segmented surfaces SO of the spectacle lens 100 and thus do not run parallel to the axes of the associated optically active elements. This is particularly evident at a gaze deflection of 0° (see Figure 8a) for the spectacle lens section 2 and at a gaze deflection of 16.5° (see Figure 8b) for the spectacle lens section 1. In this way, the spectacle lens 100 can have better central and poorer peripheral image quality, regardless of the direction of gaze, which is desirable to inhibit myopia progression. Figure 9 showsFor a spectacle lens that can be manufactured using the method described herein, the dependence of the angle between central and peripheral chief rays on the position in the spectacle lens 100 at a viewing direction of 0° and a viewing direction of 16.5°. In accordance with Figures 8a and 8b, a minimum angle is shown at those positions or viewing points of the spectacle lens 100 that are intersected by the respective viewing direction or fixation line. The viewing point represented by the spectacle lens section 1 in Figures 8a and 8b lies at position 0 in the spectacle lens, while the viewing point represented by the spectacle lens section 2 lies approximately at position -8.5 mm in the spectacle lens. In particular, the present invention proposes using a photolithographic process with a conventional spectacle lens that already has arefraction in order to produce layers with optically anisotropic absorption and / or scattering properties on spectacle lenses. In particular, the spectacle lens produced in this way has optically anisotropic layers to inhibit the progression of myopia. Furthermore, the invention proposes, in particular, producing elements with an optically anisotropic effect on spectacle lenses by microstructuring the layers with anisotropic absorption and / or scattering properties. Within the scope of the present description, in particular, a manufacturing method for a spectacle lens is proposed in which optically anisotropic properties of the spectacle lens are generated without sequential processing of individual anisotropic scatterers or absorbers, such as by micro-drilling, laser ablation or the like. The method described herein is particularly simple because it is based on photolithography in conjunction with a special mask remaining in the spectacle lens, which consists ofmicroparticles. In this way, a large number of anisotropic scatterers or absorbers can be generated simultaneously. List of reference symbols 1 Spectacle lens section at a first viewing point in the effective range 2 Spectacle lens section at a second viewing point in the effective range 7 Front surface of the lens 8 Rear surface of the lens 10 Effective range 13 Primary ray 15 Secondary ray 20 Microparticles (optically active element) 30 Primary ray intersection point (primary ray intersection area) 35 Virtual intersection sphere 40 Entrance pupil 100 Spectacle lens 110 Photoreactive layer 130 Microparticles 150 Microstructure 160 Areas exposed with an additional photomask MA 180 Protective layer A Absorber (light-absorbing element) AD Eye rotation point (fixation line convergence area) AS Photo-curable layer Ax Axis BL Aperture BM Exposure means DI Diffuser EPF Entrance pupil area EPi Entrance pupil for a view in the direction of the viewing point i EPj Entrance pupil fora view in the direction of the viewing point j FL1 first surface (back surface) FL2 second surface (front surface) FL3 third surface FL4 fourth surface GF casting mould HSz principal rays of light beams used for central vision HSp principal rays of light beams used for peripheral vision i, j viewing points KO condenser LI light source MA photomask OB objective lens S shadow, diffuser SO segmented surface ST stamp ^^ ^^ Entrance pupil appearance angle for the viewing point ^^ (angle at which the entrance pupil appears at the viewing point ^^) ^^ ^^ Entrance pupil appearance angle for the viewing point ^^ (angle at which the entrance pupil appears at the viewing point ^^) ^^ ^^ Additional shading angle for the viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^ Additional shading angle for the viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^ maximum angle for the viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^ maximum angle for the viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^Exposure angle for the viewing point ^^ (sum of ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ) ^^ ^^ Exposure angle for the viewing point ^^ (sum of ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ) ^^ ^^ Free-view zone angle for the viewing point ^^

Claims

Applicant: Rodenstock GmbH "Photolithographic method for producing a spectacle lens for myopia control, and a corresponding spectacle lens" Our reference: R 3377WO - hb / msc Patent claims 1. A method for producing a spectacle lens (100) for myopia control for an eye of a spectacle wearer, comprising the steps of: - providing a spectacle lens to be processed with a plurality of microparticles (130) and a processing layer which borders on the plurality of microparticles (130) or has the plurality of microparticles (130), wherein the processing layer comprises at least one photoreactive layer (110); and - generating microstructures (150) in the photoreactive layer (110) by exposing the photoreactive layer (110) with an exposure agent (BM), wherein at least some of the plurality of microparticles (130) function as a photomask for the exposure. 2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the microparticles (130) are light-absorbing and / or light-reflecting and / or light-scattering, and wherein, in particular, the microparticles (130) are light-absorbing and the generated microstructures (150) are light-scattering.

3. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, for exposing the photoreactive layer (110), light beams are generated that are incident on the microparticles (130) such that the microparticles (130) cause cylindrical, conical, or truncated cone-shaped shadows of the light beams in the photoreactive layer (110).Method according to claim 3, wherein the spectacle lens (100) is manufactured for a specific position of use relative to an eye rotation point (AD) of the eye of the spectacle wearer, and wherein a center of the exposure means (BM) and / or a center of a light object generated by the exposure means (BM) and / or a light field center generated by the exposure means is located at a point relative to the spectacle lens (100). 2, which in the position of use of the spectacle lens (100) corresponds to the eye rotation point (AD).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for exposing the photoreactive layer (110), the exposure means (BM) is designed and / or arranged such that for each viewing point ^^ of a plurality of viewing points of the spectacle lens (100), the exposure means (BM) and / or a light object generated by the exposure means (BM) at the respective viewing point ^^ under an exposure appearance angle ^^^^ appears, which is in the range of 5° to 70°, more preferably in the range of 10° to 65°, even more preferably in the range of 15° to 60°, and most preferably in the range of 20° to 50°.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for exposing the photoreactive layer (110), the exposure means (BM) is designed and / or arranged such that for each viewing point ^^ of a plurality of viewing points of the spectacle lens (100), the exposure means (BM) and / or a light object generated by the exposure means (BM) at the respective viewing point ^^ under an exposure appearance angle ^^ ^^ appears which is larger than an entrance pupil angle determined and / or specified for the viewing point ^^ ^^ ^^ , where the entrance pupil angle ^^ ^^denotes an angle at which an entrance pupil of the eye of the spectacle wearer appears at the viewing point ^^.

7. Method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the respective exposure appearance angle ^^ ^^ depending on one or more of the following parameters: - a diameter ^^ ^^^^^^,^^ the entrance pupil of the wearer of the spectacles in a direction of view corresponding to the visual point ^^; and - a maximum curvature ∆^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ an imaginary light wave front, which is radiated by an imaginary point light source was generated at the point of a microstructure (150) closest to the eye at the viewing point ^^ and was propagated and refracted through the spectacle lens (100) up to the entrance pupil; and / or 3 where the respective exposure angle ^^ ^^as a sum of twice the entrance pupil angle ^^ ^^ and an additional shading angle ^^ ^^ is specified, whereby the additional shading angle ^^ ^^in particular depends on individual parameters of the eye of the spectacle wearer and preferably has a value between 0.5° and 20°.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the exposure means (BM) comprises a diffusely luminous sphere or a diffusely luminous spherical shell with a variable radius.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a thickness of the photoreactive layer (110) and a size of the microparticles (130) are selected in relation to one another such that shadows (S) cast by the microparticles (130) during exposure reach an outer surface of the photoreactive layer (110).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the exposure of the photoreactive layer (110) takes place with visible light.Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising the step: - structuring the photoreactive layer (110), wherein the structuring comprises, in particular, exposing the photoreactive layer (110) with the aid of a further photomask (MA) and / or exposing the photoreactive layer (110) to an interference pattern, wherein the exposure of the photoreactive layer (110) with the aid of the further photomask (MA) and / or the interference pattern preferably takes place from a side facing the front surface (7) of the spectacle lens (100).

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photoreactive layer (110) is applied to the spectacle lens (100) with the aid of a casting mold (GF) and / or with the aid of at least one stamp (ST) in such a way that the photoreactive layer (110) has a varying thickness. 13.Spectacle lens (100) with a field of action (10) such that for each viewing point on a rear surface of the lens (8) within the field of action (10) a. 4 imaging quality of the spectacle lens (100) is maximum in a beam direction of a primary beam (13) belonging to the respective viewing point and the primary beams (13) of all viewing points in the effective area (10) essentially intersect at a common eye-side primary beam intersection point (30), wherein the spectacle lens (100) in the effective area (10) has a plurality of light-absorbing microparticles (130) and a plurality of light-scattering microstructures (150) corresponding to the light-absorbing microparticles (130), wherein for each pair of a light-absorbing microparticle (130) and a light-scattering microstructure (150) corresponding to this light-absorbing microparticle (130),that both the light-absorbing microparticle (130) of the pair and the corresponding light-scattering microstructure (150) of the pair are arranged along a direction of at least one and the same primary beam (13), and wherein the plurality of microstructures (150) is formed by a photoresist.

14. The spectacle lens (100) according to claim 13, wherein for each pair consisting of a light-absorbing microparticle (130) and a light-scattering microstructure (150) corresponding to this light-absorbing microparticle (130), the corresponding microstructure (150) of the pair is arranged closer to a front surface (7) of the spectacle lens (100) than the light-absorbing microparticle (130) of the pair.

15. Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein for each pair of a light-absorbing microparticle (130) and a light-scattering microstructure (150) corresponding to this light-absorbing microparticle (130), it applies that light,which emanates from the corresponding light-scattering microstructure (150) of the pair in a beam direction of the primary beam (13) running in the region of the corresponding light-scattering microstructure (150) of the pair, is at least partially absorbed by the light-absorbing microparticle (130) of the pair.

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