Antenna and communication device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications. Provided are an antenna and a communication device, which aim to solve the problem of the poor operating performance of an antenna. The antenna provided in the present application comprises a waveguide cavity extending in a first direction, wherein an electrically conductive wall of the waveguide cavity comprises a plurality of slot pairs arranged in the first direction, the vertical projections of two slots in each slot pair in a second direction overlapping, and the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular to each other and being parallel to a first electrically conductive wall. Each slot comprises an electrically conductive substrate and an adjustable element, and in each slot, one end of the adjustable element is connected to the electrically conductive substrate, and the other end thereof is connected to the edge of the slot. In the antenna provided in the present application, the vertical projections of a first slot and a second slot in a slot pair in the second direction overlap, and therefore more slots can be arranged in the first direction, which is conducive to improving a beam scanning capability of the antenna, and can also reduce the occurrence of grating lobes.

Description

Antenna and communication device

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on November 30, 2023, with application number 202311637435.2 and application name “An Antenna and Communication Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and a communication device. Background Art

[0004] There are many different types of antennas, each with its own unique characteristics and advantages. Waveguide slot antennas are widely used in a variety of communication devices due to their small size, light weight, and high aperture efficiency. However, currently used waveguide slot antennas still have many shortcomings regarding parameters such as the slot arrangement, which hinders their performance. For example, the spacing between adjacent slots is typically half the wavelength, which refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity. Antennas with this arrangement are prone to grating lobes during beam scanning, which is not conducive to ensuring antenna performance.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna comprising a waveguide cavity extending along a first direction, the outer surface of the waveguide cavity comprising a first conductive wall, a second conductive wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The first conductive wall comprises a plurality of slot pairs arranged along the first direction, wherein the perpendicular projections of the two slots in each slot pair in the second direction overlap. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and both slots are parallel to the first conductive wall. The second conductive wall is disposed opposite the first conductive wall, the first side wall is connected between the first and second conductive walls, and the second side wall is connected between the first and second conductive walls. Each slot is located between the first and second side walls. Each slot comprises a conductive substrate and an adjustable element. In each slot, one end of the adjustable element is connected to the conductive substrate and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot. In other words, each slot is connected to the waveguide cavity, so that electromagnetic waves propagating in the waveguide cavity can be radiated outward through the slot. The adjustable element can effectively control the strength of the electrical connection between the conductive substrate and the first conductive wall, thereby controlling the energy intensity radiated by the slot. In the antenna provided herein, since the vertical projections of the first and second slots in a slot pair in the second direction overlap, more slots can be arranged along the first direction, which improves the antenna's beam scanning capability and reduces the occurrence of grating lobes. Furthermore, within each slot pair, the energy intensity of the radiation from the first and second slots can be individually controlled, providing greater flexibility.

[0007] In one example, the two slots in each slot pair are symmetrical about the midplane, and the first sidewall and the second sidewall are symmetrical about the midplane. The midplane is perpendicular to the first conductive wall and parallel to the first direction. This symmetrical structure ensures antenna stability and reduces control difficulty.

[0008] In one example, each slot has a curved region or segment, and the length of each slot along the first direction is less than 1 / 2λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity. This facilitates minimizing the distance between adjacent slots in the first and second directions while maintaining the required slot length, thereby facilitating the deployment of a greater number of slots.

[0009] In one example, each slot also includes a capacitor, wherein one end of the capacitor is connected to the conductive substrate within the slot, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot. Furthermore, in each slot, a portion of the edge of the conductive substrate has a first protrusion extending toward the edge of the slot, and a portion of the edge of the slot has a second protrusion extending toward the conductive substrate, wherein the first protrusion and the second protrusion are capacitively coupled. By providing a capacitor or capacitively coupled first and second protrusions, the capacitance between the conductive substrate and the first conductive wall can be increased, thereby preventing electromagnetic waves from radiating outward from the gap between the conductive wall and the first conductive protrusion, thereby facilitating antenna performance.

[0010] In one example, each slot pair includes a first slot and a second slot. The first slot is located on one side of the first sidewall, and the second slot is located on one side of the second sidewall. The first slot extends to the first sidewall, and the second slot extends to the second sidewall. The vertical projection of the conductive substrate within the first slot on the first sidewall overlaps with the first sidewall, and the vertical projection of the conductive substrate within the second slot on the second sidewall overlaps with the second sidewall. This facilitates the proper routing of the conductive circuits, preventing them from protruding into the waveguide cavity and deteriorating its performance.

[0011] In a specific configuration, the antenna also includes a DC bias circuit. This DC bias circuit is located within the first and second side walls. One end of the DC bias circuit is connected to each conductive substrate, and the other end extends to the side of the second conductive wall facing away from the first conductive wall. The DC bias circuit's location within the first and second side walls effectively prevents it from protruding into the waveguide cavity and degrading its performance. Furthermore, the integration of the DC bias circuit with the first and second side walls avoids occupying additional space, helping to reduce the antenna's layout area.

[0012] In one example, the antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite each other. A first conductive wall is disposed on the first surface, and a second conductive wall is disposed on the second surface. The first dielectric substrate includes a plurality of first metal vias spaced apart along a first direction and a plurality of second metal vias spaced apart along the first direction. The plurality of first metal vias constitute a first sidewall, and the plurality of second metal vias constitute a second sidewall. The DC bias circuit includes a plurality of first circuits and a plurality of second circuits. The conductive substrate includes a first conductive substrate disposed in a first slot and a second conductive substrate disposed in a second slot. The plurality of first circuits correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first conductive substrates, and the plurality of second circuits correspond one-to-one with the plurality of second conductive substrates. The plurality of first circuits are respectively located between two adjacent first metal vias, and the plurality of second circuits are respectively located between two adjacent second metal vias. In summary, the DC bias circuit, the first sidewall, and the second sidewall are all formed by conductive via structures, which facilitates efficient reuse of metal vias, reduces manufacturing difficulty, and simplifies the fabrication process.

[0013] In one example, the first circuit and the second circuit are metal vias arranged in the first dielectric substrate. The first circuit and the second circuit both pass through the second conductive wall, and there is a gap between the first circuit and the second conductive wall, and there is a gap between the second circuit and the second conductive wall to avoid adverse conditions such as short circuits between the first circuit and the second circuit and the second conductive wall.

[0014] In one example, the antenna further includes a control circuit and a second dielectric substrate. The second dielectric substrate is located on the side of the second conductive wall facing away from the first conductive wall. The DC bias circuit also extends to the side of the second base substrate facing away from the second conductive wall. The control circuit is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the second conductive wall and is connected to the DC bias circuit. The stacked structure of the first and second dielectric substrates avoids increasing the antenna area and provides ample space for components such as the control circuit.

[0015] In one example, the antenna includes multiple waveguide cavities, which are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first side wall. Two adjacent waveguide cavities include a common first side wall or a second side wall, so as to effectively reduce the size of the antenna in the direction perpendicular to the first side wall, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the antenna.

[0016] In one example, in two adjacent waveguide cavities, the slot pairs are staggered to avoid position interference between the slots in the two adjacent waveguide cavities.

[0017] In one example, the antenna further includes a feed cavity, which includes an input port and multiple output ports. The multiple output ports are respectively connected to the first ends of the multiple waveguide cavities. The transmission distances between at least two of the output ports and the input port are different, thereby enabling non-uniform phase feeding and effectively reducing the occurrence of grating lobes.

[0018] In one example, the waveguide cavity further includes a matching absorption structure disposed at a second end of the waveguide cavity and connected to the first conductive wall. The first end and the second end are the two ends of the waveguide cavity in a first direction, respectively. The matching absorption structure is configured to absorb electromagnetic waves at the second end. Remaining electromagnetic waves in the waveguide cavity can be absorbed by the matching absorption structure to avoid or reduce adverse effects such as echo reflection.

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a communication device comprising a radio frequency circuit and the aforementioned antenna. The radio frequency circuit is coupled to a waveguide cavity and is used to provide electromagnetic waves into the waveguide cavity to achieve wireless signal transmission. By using the aforementioned antenna, the beam scanning capability of the communication device can be effectively improved, the occurrence of grating lobes can be reduced, and better signal transmission and reception performance can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a conventional waveguide slot antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a partial planar structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG5 is a beam scanning simulation diagram of a conventional waveguide slot antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG9 is a side view of the antenna of FIG8;

[0029] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG11 is a side view of the antenna of FIG10;

[0031] FIG12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a partial planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of a partial planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of a partial planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG26 is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG27 is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application from another perspective;

[0047] FIG28 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the antenna in FIG27 taken along line AA;

[0048] FIG29 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG30 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG31 is a schematic diagram of a partial planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG32 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a feeding structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG33 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG34 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another feeding structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG35 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another feeding structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG36 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of another feeding structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG37 is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG38 is a simplified schematic diagram of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 39 is a simplified structural diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] To facilitate understanding of the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application, the following first introduces its application scenarios.

[0061] The antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used in a base station or a satellite. Alternatively, the antenna can also be used in terminal devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, vehicles, drones, radars, etc. The antenna can be used to realize wireless signal transmission between different terminal devices, or to realize wireless signal transmission between a base station and a satellite, or to realize wireless signal transmission between a base station or a satellite and a terminal device. In summary, the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used in a variety of communication devices that have wireless signal transmission requirements.

[0062] For example, as shown in Figure 1, the application scenario may include a base station and a terminal device. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal device. The base station can be located in a base station subsystem (BSS), a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), and is used to provide cell coverage for wireless signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communication (GSM) or a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, or a node B (NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, or an evolutionary node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can also be a relay station, an access point, an on-board device, a wearable device, a g-node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0063] In practical applications, there are many types of antennas, each with different characteristics and advantages. Waveguide slot antennas are widely used in various types of communication equipment due to their small size, light weight, and high aperture efficiency.

[0064] For example, as shown in FIG2 , an embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide slot antenna 01. Waveguide slot antenna 01 includes a rectangular conductive wall 011, the interior of which forms a waveguide cavity 010 for electromagnetic wave propagation. Furthermore, a surface 0111 of conductive wall 011 includes a plurality of slots 012. When electromagnetic waves propagate within waveguide cavity 010, they can radiate outward through slots 012, thereby achieving wireless signal transmission. However, in current waveguide slot antennas 01, parameters such as the arrangement of slots 012 remain insufficient, hindering the performance of waveguide slot antenna 01.

[0065] To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna with better functional performance.

[0066] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0067] As shown in FIG3 , in one example provided herein, an antenna 10 includes a waveguide cavity 100 for propagating electromagnetic waves. The waveguide cavity 100 extends along a first direction, and electromagnetic waves within the waveguide cavity 100 can propagate in a direction parallel to the first direction. The outer surface of the waveguide cavity 100 includes a first conductive wall 11, a second conductive wall 12, a first side wall 13, and a second side wall 14. The second conductive wall 12 is disposed opposite the first conductive wall 11, and the first side wall 13 is disposed opposite the second side wall 14. The first side wall 13 is connected between the first conductive wall 11 and the second conductive wall 12, and the second side wall 14 is connected between the first conductive wall 11 and the second conductive wall 12. The first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first side wall 13, and the second side wall 14 are all conductive structures that together enclose the waveguide cavity 100 for conducting electromagnetic waves. The first conductive wall 11 includes a plurality of slot pairs (six shown in FIG3 ) arranged along a first direction. Each slot pair includes two slots, and each slot is located between the first side wall 13 and the second side wall 14 . That is, each slot is connected to the waveguide cavity 100 so that electromagnetic waves propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 can radiate outward through the slots. The vertical projections of the two slots in each slot pair in the second direction substantially overlap. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and both are parallel to the first conductive wall 11 .

[0068] For ease of description, in the following examples, the two slits in a slit pair are described as a first slit 110a and a second slit 110b, respectively. That is, each slit pair includes a first slit 110a and a second slit 110b. Multiple first slits 110a are arranged sequentially along a first direction, and multiple second slits 110b are arranged sequentially along the first direction. In each slit pair, the vertical projections of the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b in the second direction substantially overlap.

[0069] In addition, as shown in FIG4 , the antenna 10 provided in this application also has functions such as beam scanning. Specifically, each slot 110 includes a conductive substrate 15 and an adjustable element 16 . In each slot 110 , one end of the adjustable element 16 is connected to the conductive substrate 15 , and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot 110 .

[0070] For example, as shown in Figure 4, taking one slot 110 as an example, slot 110 includes a conductive substrate 15 and an adjustable element 16. One end of the adjustable element 16 is connected to the conductive substrate 15, and the other end is connected to the edge of slot 110. The adjustable element 16 can effectively control the electrical connection strength between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11, thereby controlling the intensity of energy radiated by slot 110. Because the first conductive wall 11 includes multiple slots 110, adjusting the energy intensity radiated by each slot 110 can change the radiation gain direction of the antenna 10, thereby achieving functions such as beam scanning. Specifically, controlling the energy intensity radiated by slot 110 by adjustable element 16 includes controlling the energy intensity radiated by slot 110 to zero, or controlling the energy intensity radiated by slot 110 to maximum, or controlling the energy intensity radiated by slot 110 to any intensity between zero and maximum. In practical applications, various types of adjustable element 16 can be used.

[0071] For example, the adjustable element 16 may be a diode, a field-effect transistor, an adjustable resistor, or an adjustable capacitor, etc., which can connect or disconnect the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11. Alternatively, the adjustable element 16 may be any of various components capable of adjusting the conductive strength between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11. In a specific implementation, the adjustable element 16 may be a commonly used type, and this application does not impose any limitation on the specific type of the adjustable element 16.

[0072] In the example provided herein, since the vertical projections of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in the slot pair in the second direction overlap, more slots can be arranged along the first direction, which helps improve the beam scanning capability of the antenna 10 and reduces the occurrence of grating lobes. In addition, in each slot pair, the energy intensity of the radiation from the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b can be separately controlled, which can avoid the open stopband effect and help ensure the gain intensity when the beam is scanned to the normal direction.

[0073] Or it can be understood that the more slots there are in the antenna 10, the stronger the beam scanning capability of the antenna 10. When the radiation direction of the antenna 10 is adjusted, it is easier to achieve better beam directivity and gain intensity, and the occurrence of grating lobes can also be reduced.

[0074] In addition, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5. It should be noted that in the currently commonly used waveguide slot antenna 01, when the slots 012 are arranged in a fixed periodic manner, an open stopband effect is likely to occur during the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide cavity 010, causing the beam gain to be greatly attenuated when the beam of the waveguide slot antenna 01 is scanned to the normal direction, thereby reducing the radiation performance of the waveguide slot antenna 01.

[0075] As shown in Figure 5, the horizontal axis represents the scanning range and the vertical axis represents the beam gain. It can be clearly seen from Figure 5 that when the beam of antenna 01 scans to the normal direction (around 0°), the beam gain is greatly attenuated.

[0076] In the example provided in the present application, the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in each slot pair can be regulated separately. Therefore, even if the slots 110 are arranged in a fixed periodic manner, the energy intensity radiated by the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b can be regulated to break the fixed period in the position layout, which can effectively avoid the open stopband effect and help ensure the gain intensity when the beam is scanned to the normal direction.

[0077] In specific configurations, the specific structural types of the waveguide cavity 100 can be varied.

[0078] For example, as shown in FIG3 , in an example provided in the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 is made of sheet metal. The first conductive wall 11 , the second conductive wall 12 , the first side wall 13 , and the second side wall 14 are all metal plates. The first conductive wall 11 , the first side wall 13 , the second conductive wall 12 , and the second side wall 14 are sequentially connected to form a cavity extending along a first direction, which constitutes the waveguide cavity 100. In a specific configuration, the specific material of the first conductive wall 11 , the first side wall 13 , the second conductive wall 12 , and the second side wall 14 can be a material with good conductivity, such as copper or aluminum. In actual application, the specific material of the first conductive wall 11 , the first side wall 13 , the second conductive wall 12 , and the second side wall 14 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0079] Alternatively, as shown in FIG6 , in another example provided herein, the waveguide cavity 100 is a substrate-integrated waveguide structure. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17 , which includes a first surface (such as the upper surface in FIG6 ) and a second surface (such as the lower surface in FIG6 ) disposed opposite each other. The first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer disposed on the first surface, and the second conductive wall 12 is a conductive layer disposed on the second surface.

[0080] Furthermore, as shown in FIG7 , the first dielectric substrate 17 includes a plurality of first metal vias 171 spaced apart along a first direction and a plurality of second metal vias 172 spaced apart along the first direction. The plurality of first metal vias 171 form the first sidewall 13, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 form the second sidewall 14. In other words, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the plurality of first metal vias 171, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 collectively form the waveguide cavity 100. In a specific configuration, the conductive materials in the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first metal vias 171, and the second metal vias 172 can be materials with good conductivity, such as copper or aluminum. In practical applications, the conductive materials in the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first metal vias 171, and the second metal vias 172 can be appropriately selected based on actual needs, and are not further described here.

[0081] Alternatively, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, in another example provided in the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 can also be a slow-wave substrate integrated waveguide structure. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17, the first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer provided on the first board surface, and the second conductive wall 12 is a conductive layer provided on the second board surface. A plurality of first metal vias 171 constitute the first side wall 13, and a plurality of second metal vias 172 constitute the second side wall 14. That is, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the plurality of first metal vias 171 and the plurality of second metal vias 172 together form the waveguide cavity 100. In addition, a blind hole 173 is also provided in the first dielectric substrate 17, and the inner wall of the blind hole 173 has a conductive layer, thereby forming a slow-wave structure.

[0082] Alternatively, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, in another example provided in the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 can also be a ridged substrate integrated waveguide structure. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17, a first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer provided on the first board surface, and a second conductive wall 12 is a conductive layer provided on the second board surface. A plurality of first metal vias 171 constitute the first side wall 13, and a plurality of second metal vias 172 constitute the second side wall 14. That is, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the plurality of first metal vias 171, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 together form the waveguide cavity 100. In addition, a blind hole 173 is also provided in the first dielectric substrate 17, and the inner wall of the blind hole has a conductive layer. In addition, one end of the blind hole also has a conductive sheet 174, thereby forming a ridge structure.

[0083] Alternatively, as shown in FIG12 , in another example provided herein, the waveguide cavity 100 can also be constructed from a dielectric substrate and a metal sheet. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17 , which includes a first plate surface (such as the upper plate surface in FIG12 ) and a second plate surface (such as the lower plate surface in FIG12 ) disposed opposite each other. The first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer disposed on the first plate surface, and the second conductive wall 12 is a plate body with a groove disposed on the second plate surface. Furthermore, the first dielectric substrate 17 includes a plurality of first metal vias 171 spaced apart along the extension direction of the waveguide cavity 100 and a plurality of second metal vias 172 spaced apart along the extension direction of the waveguide cavity 100. The plurality of first metal vias 171 constitute a first sidewall, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 constitute a second sidewall. In other words, the first conductive wall 11 , the second conductive wall 12 , the plurality of first metal vias 171 , and the plurality of second metal vias 172 together form the waveguide cavity 100 . In specific configurations, the conductive material of the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first metal via 171, and the conductive material of the second metal via 172 can be a material with good conductivity, such as copper or aluminum. In practical applications, the conductive material of the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first metal via 171, and the conductive material of the second metal via 172 can be appropriately selected based on actual needs, and detailed description is omitted here.

[0084] It should be noted that in actual applications, the specific structural form and type of the first conductive wall 11, the first side wall 13, the second conductive wall 12, and the second side wall 14 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs. It is sufficient that the first conductive wall 11, the first side wall 13, the second conductive wall 12, and the second side wall 14 can collectively form a waveguide cavity 100 for electromagnetic wave propagation.

[0085] In specific configurations, the position layout of each slit 110 can be varied.

[0086] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, in the following examples, the waveguide cavity 100 shown in FIG. 6 will be taken as an example for illustrative description.

[0087] For example, as shown in FIG6 , in the example provided in this application, six slot pairs are shown, each slot pair including a first slot 110 a and a second slot 110 b . The first slot 110 a and the second slot 110 b in each slot pair are symmetrical about a mid-plane C. The mid-plane C is the central symmetry plane of the waveguide cavity 100 that is perpendicular to the first conductive wall 11 and is parallel to the first direction. That is, the first sidewall 13 and the second sidewall 14 are also symmetrical about the mid-plane C.

[0088] It should be noted that, in the example provided in FIG. 6 , the symmetry between the first slit 110 a and the second slit 110 b in each slit pair about the midplane C refers to symmetry in shape and symmetry in position.

[0089] Specifically, in the examples provided in Figures 6 and 7 , the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b are both substantially U-shaped. In terms of shape, the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b are symmetrical about the midplane C, with the U-shaped openings of the two slits 110 facing each other. Furthermore, in terms of position, the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b are also symmetrical about the midplane C, with their vertical projections on the midplane C substantially coinciding.

[0090] Alternatively, in some examples, the symmetry between the first slit 110 a and the second slit 110 b in each slit pair about the midplane C may also only include symmetry in shape.

[0091] For example, as shown in FIG13 , in another example provided herein, the first slit 110 a and the second slit 110 b are both substantially U-shaped. In terms of shape, the first slit 110 a and the second slit 110 b are symmetrical about the midplane C, with the U-shaped openings of the two slits 110 facing each other. Furthermore, in terms of position, the first slit 110 a and the second slit 110 b are misaligned in the first direction.

[0092] Alternatively, as shown in FIG14 , in another example provided herein, the first slit 110 a and the second slit 110 b are misaligned in the second direction. The distance between the first slit 110 a and the mid-plane C may be greater than the distance between the second slit 110 b and the mid-plane C. Of course, in other examples, the distance between the first slit 110 a and the mid-plane C may be less than the distance between the second slit 110 b and the mid-plane C.

[0093] In summary, in practical applications, the vertical projections of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in the slot pair in the second direction can overlap. This structural arrangement effectively improves the beam steering capability of the antenna 10 and reduces or avoids the generation of grating lobes. Furthermore, when the beam of the antenna 10 is scanned in the normal direction, it still maintains good beam gain.

[0094] In addition, in the example provided in the present application, each gap is roughly U-shaped, which is conducive to reducing the distance between adjacent gaps in the first direction and the second direction as much as possible while ensuring the gap length, thereby facilitating the layout of a larger number of gaps.

[0095] As shown in Figure 15 , it should be noted that in the example provided herein, a conductive substrate 15 is provided in each slot 110, and a certain gap must be maintained between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11 to prevent short circuits. Therefore, each slot 110 can be considered to include a radiation slot 1101 and an isolation slot 1102. Electromagnetic waves propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 radiate outward through the radiation slot 1101, while the isolation slot 1102 primarily serves to insulate and isolate the conductive substrate 15 from the first conductive wall 11.

[0096] In practical applications, the shape of the radiation slot 1101 in the slot 110 may be various.

[0097] For example, as shown in FIG16 , in an example provided in the present application, the radiation slot 1101 is in a U-shape bent at a right angle.

[0098] Alternatively, as shown in FIG17 , in another example provided in the present application, the radiation slot 1101 is in a curved U-shape.

[0099] Alternatively, as shown in FIG18 , in another example provided in the present application, the radiation slot 1101 is in a non-closed circular shape.

[0100] Alternatively, as shown in FIG19 , in another example provided in the present application, the radiation slot 1101 is in a non-closed square ring shape.

[0101] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 20 , in another example provided in the present application, the radiation slot 1101 is substantially W-shaped.

[0102] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 21 , in another example provided in the present application, the radiation slot 1101 is substantially concave.

[0103] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 , a conductive pin 1103 coupled to the radiation slot 1101 may be provided near the radiation slot 1101 .

[0104] In summary, when configuring the radiating slot 1101 in the slot 110, various shapes can be used. The radiating slot 1101 can simply have a bent region or segment. This allows the length of the radiating slot 1101 along the first direction to be less than ½λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity 100.

[0105] In specific settings, along the first direction, the length dimension of the radiation slot 1101 can be specifically 1 / 5λ, 1 / 4λ, 1 / 3λ, etc. In actual applications, the length dimension of the radiation slot 1101 in the first direction can be set according to actual conditions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0106] It should be noted that, in order to ensure the radiation performance of the radiation slot 1101, in actual applications, the length of the radiation slot 1101 should be approximately 1 / 2λ so that the electromagnetic waves propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 can be efficiently radiated outward from the radiation slot 1101. If the length of the radiation slot 1101 is too long or too short, the energy intensity of the radiation from the slot 1101 will be reduced, and may even cause failure.

[0107] Alternatively, it can be understood, referring to Figures 2 and 3 , that in the current waveguide slot antenna 01, the overall length of slot 012 is approximately 1 / 2λ, and slot 012 is linear. Therefore, in the first direction, the length of slot 012 is also approximately 1 / 2λ. In the example provided herein, the overall length of first slot 110a and second slot 110b is both approximately 1 / 2λ. However, due to the curved structure, the length of each of first slot 110a and second slot 110b in the first direction is significantly less than 1 / 2λ. For example, in first slot 110a, the sum of the lengths of the first and second slots extending in the first and second directions is approximately 1 / 2λ. Therefore, the length of first slot 110a in the first direction can be significantly less than 1 / 2λ, allowing for the deployment of more first slots 110a in the first direction.

[0108] In the example provided in the present application, by bending the radiation slot 1101 , the length of the radiation slot 1101 in the first direction can be effectively reduced, which is conducive to arranging more slots 110 in the first direction.

[0109] In addition, since the slots 110 mentioned above include the radiation slot 1101 and the isolation slot 1102, the electromagnetic waves propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 radiate outward through the radiation slot 1101. However, in actual applications, the electromagnetic waves may also radiate outward through the isolation slot 1102.

[0110] To this end, as shown in FIG24 , in one example provided herein, antenna 10 further includes capacitor 20. One end of capacitor 20 is connected to conductive substrate 15, and the other end is connected to the edge of isolation gap 1102. The provision of capacitor 20 increases the capacitance between conductive substrate 15 and first conductive wall 11 at isolation gap 1102, thereby effectively preventing electromagnetic waves from radiating outward from isolation gap 1102 and effectively ensuring the performance of antenna 10.

[0111] In specific configuration, one capacitor 20 may be provided in each isolation gap 1102 , or two or more capacitors 20 may be provided, which will not be described in detail here.

[0112] In addition, in other examples, a capacitive coupling structure may be provided to prevent electromagnetic waves from radiating outward from the isolation gap 1102 .

[0113] For example, as shown in FIG25 , in another example provided herein, a portion of the edge of the conductive substrate 15 has a first protrusion 151 extending toward the edge of the isolation gap 1102, and a portion of the edge of the isolation gap 1102 has a second protrusion 111 extending toward the conductive substrate 15. The first protrusion 151 and the second protrusion 111 are capacitively coupled. In the region of the isolation gap 1102, the capacitive coupling between the first protrusion 151 and the second protrusion 111 can increase the capacitance between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11, thereby preventing electromagnetic waves from radiating outward from the isolation gap 1102.

[0114] In specific configuration, the first protrusions 151 and the second protrusions 111 can be considered as interdigital capacitors. In specific configuration, the number and shape of the first protrusions 151 and the second protrusions 111 can be reasonably configured according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0115] In addition, in actual applications, the adjustable element 16 needs to be controlled by a control circuit to adjust its operating state. Therefore, the antenna 10 also needs to be equipped with a corresponding control circuit and a DC bias circuit connected between the control circuit and the adjustable element 16 or the conductive substrate 15.

[0116] For example, as shown in FIG. 26 , FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 , in an example provided in the present application, the antenna 10 further includes a control circuit 18 and a DC bias circuit 19 .

[0117] Specifically, the antenna 10 also includes a second dielectric substrate 21. The first dielectric substrate 17 and the second dielectric substrate 21 are stacked. The second dielectric substrate 21 is located on the side of the second conductive wall 12 facing away from the first conductive wall 11. The control circuit 18 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 21 facing away from the second conductive wall 12. One end of the DC bias circuit 19 extends to the surface of the first dielectric substrate 17 and connects to the conductive substrates 15a and 15b. The other end of the DC bias circuit 19 extends to the surface of the second dielectric substrate 21 and connects to the control circuit 18. The control circuit 18 can be connected to the conductive substrates 15a and 15b through the DC bias circuit 19. Since one end of the adjustable element 16a is connected to the conductive substrate 15a and one end of the adjustable element 16b is connected to the conductive substrate 15b, the control circuit 18 can effectively control the operating state of the adjustable elements 16a and 16b.

[0118] In specific configurations, the type of the control circuit 18 and the devices included therein may be various.

[0119] For example, as shown in FIG26 , in an example provided in the present application, the control circuit 18 specifically includes a beam control module 181, a DC bias feed line, and an RF choke metal patch. In practical applications, a single beam control module 181 can be connected to each adjustable element in the antenna 10 to control the working state of each adjustable element. In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, two adjustable elements will be used as an example for exemplary description. That is, FIG27 shows two adjustable elements, namely, an adjustable element 16a and an adjustable element 16b. Among them, the adjustable element 16a is located in the first slot 110a, and the adjustable element 16b is located in the second slot 110b.

[0120] As shown in Figures 26, 27, and 28, the beam control module 181 is used to send control signals to the adjustable elements 16a and 16b to adjust the operating states of the adjustable elements 16a and 16b. The DC bias feed lines are specifically DC bias feed lines 182a and 182b. The DC bias circuit includes a first circuit 191 and a second circuit 192. The DC bias feed line 182a and the first circuit 191 are used to establish a signal connection between the adjustable element 16aa and the beam control module 181. The DC bias feed line 182b and the second circuit 192 are used to establish a signal connection between the adjustable element 16b and the beam control module 181. The RF choke metal patch 183a is connected to the DC bias feed line 182a to achieve RF grounding. The RF choke metal patch 183b is connected to the DC bias feed line 182b to achieve RF grounding. In the example provided in this application, the RF choke metal patch 183a and the RF choke metal patch 183b are fan-shaped patches with a larger area. A capacitor structure is formed between the RF choke metal patch 183a and the second conductive wall 12, and a capacitor structure is formed between the RF choke metal patch 183b and the second conductive wall 12, which can realize the grounding function of the RF signal.

[0121] In actual applications, the specific types and configuration of the beam control module 181, DC bias feed line 182a, DC bias feed line 182b, RF choke metal patch 183a, and RF choke metal patch 183b can be flexibly adjusted based on actual conditions. Alternatively, the number and types of components included in the control circuit 18 can be reasonably set based on currently commonly used types, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0122] In the example provided in this application, the stacked structure setting can effectively reduce the layout area of ​​the antenna 10, which is conducive to setting a larger number of gaps within a limited area, thereby helping to improve the control performance and signal receiving and transmitting capabilities of the antenna 10.

[0123] In addition, in the example provided in this application, by reasonably setting the position of the DC bias circuit 19, adverse situations such as the DC bias circuit 19 interfering with the waveguide cavity 100 can be avoided, and the area of ​​the antenna 10 will not be increased.

[0124] Specifically, in the example provided in this application, the DC bias circuit is a metal via that passes through the first dielectric substrate 17 and the second dielectric substrate 21 .

[0125] The first slit 110a extends to the first sidewall 13, and the second slit 110b extends to the second sidewall 14. The vertical projection of the conductive substrate 15a in the first slit 110a on the first sidewall 13 overlaps with the first sidewall 13, while the vertical projection of the conductive substrate 15b in the second slit 110b on the second sidewall 14 overlaps with the second sidewall 14. The first circuit 191 is located in the first sidewall 13, and the second circuit 192 is located in the second sidewall 14.

[0126] Please refer to Figures 28 and 29 . The first sidewall 13 is formed by a plurality of first metal vias 171 arranged along a first direction, and the second sidewall 14 is formed by a plurality of second metal vias 172 arranged along the first direction. Some of the first metal vias 171 in the first sidewall 13 can form a first circuit 191, and some of the second metal vias 172 in the second sidewall 14 can form a second circuit 192.

[0127] In summary, in the example provided herein, the metal vias constituting the first circuit 191 and the metal vias constituting the first sidewall 13 are located in the same straight line, thereby preventing the first circuit 191 from interfering with the transmission performance of the waveguide cavity 100 when located inside the waveguide cavity 100. Furthermore, the first circuit 191 can be prevented from being located outside the waveguide cavity 100 to avoid increasing the size of the antenna 10 in the second direction. Accordingly, the metal vias constituting the second circuit 192 and the metal vias constituting the second sidewall 14 are located in the same straight line, thereby preventing the second circuit 192 from interfering with the transmission performance of the waveguide cavity 100 when located inside the waveguide cavity 100. Furthermore, the second circuit 192 can be prevented from being located outside the waveguide cavity 100 to avoid increasing the size of the antenna 10 in the second direction.

[0128] It will be appreciated that the above examples illustrate the DC bias circuit 19 as a metal via. In other examples, the DC bias circuit 19 may also have other structural forms. For example, a through hole may be provided through the first dielectric substrate 17 and the second dielectric substrate 21, with a conductive structure such as a wire disposed within the through hole. One end of the wire may be connected to the conductive substrate 15, and the other end may be connected to the control circuit 18. This will not be described in detail here. In actual applications, the specific structural form of the DC bias circuit can be flexibly configured according to actual needs.

[0129] In addition, in the above example, the antenna 10 includes one waveguide cavity 100 as an example for illustrative description. In actual application, the antenna 10 also includes multiple waveguide cavities 100.

[0130] For example, as shown in FIG30 , in an example provided in the present application, the antenna 10 may include a plurality of waveguide cavities 100 (six are shown in FIG30 ), and the plurality of waveguide cavities 100 extend along a first direction and are arranged in sequence along a second direction. Two adjacent waveguide cavities 100 may share a side wall to reduce the size of the antenna 10 in the second direction.

[0131] As shown in FIG30 , in a specific configuration, each waveguide cavity includes the above-mentioned slot pairs, and the slot pairs in two adjacent waveguide cavities are staggered in the first direction, so that more slot pairs can be arranged and position interference between adjacent slots can be prevented.

[0132] For example, as shown in FIG31 , two waveguide cavities are illustrated: waveguide cavity 100a and waveguide cavity 100b. The second slot 110b in waveguide cavity 100a is staggered with the first slot 110a in waveguide cavity 100b. Furthermore, the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b share the same row of metal vias and are connected to different metal vias to avoid positional interference between the second slot 110b and the first slot 110a.

[0133] In practical applications, the number of waveguide cavities included in the antenna 10 can be reasonably adjusted according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0134] In a specific configuration, the antenna 10 also needs to be equipped with a corresponding feeding structure so that electromagnetic waves can be input into different waveguide cavities 100. In practical applications, the types of feeding structures can be diverse.

[0135] For example, as shown in FIG. 30 , in an example provided in the present application, the feeding structure 30 includes a horn-shaped feeding cavity 300 .

[0136] Specifically, as shown in Figure 32, the feed structure 30 includes a dielectric substrate 31 and conductive layers 32 and 33 located on both surfaces of the dielectric substrate 31. Furthermore, metal vias 34 are provided between the conductive layers 32 and 33, penetrating the dielectric substrate 31. Each metal via 34 is connected to the conductive layer 32 at one end and to the conductive layer 33 at the other end. The conductive layers 32, 33, and the plurality of metal vias 34 form a horn-shaped feed cavity 300. The smaller end serves as the input port, while the larger end serves as the output port.

[0137] As shown in Figure 33, the output port can be connected to multiple waveguide cavities 100. It should be noted that in terms of structural form, the end with a larger diameter is an open structure. In actual application, the feeding cavity is connected to multiple waveguide cavities 100 at the same time. Therefore, the end with a larger diameter can be divided into five different output ports, each of which is connected to a corresponding waveguide cavity 100.

[0138] In summary, in the example provided in this application, the feeding cavity 300 includes one input port and five output ports, and the five output ports are respectively connected to the first ends (such as the left ends in FIG33 ) of the five waveguide cavities 100 .

[0139] In addition, the feeding cavity 300 is a trumpet-shaped structure. Therefore, the transmission distances between different output ports and input ports are different, which can achieve non-uniform phase feeding and effectively reduce the occurrence of grating lobes.

[0140] In other examples, the feeding structure may also be of other types.

[0141] For example, as shown in FIG34 , the feeding structure may specifically be a waveguide power divider structure.

[0142] Alternatively, as shown in FIG35 , the feeding structure may specifically be a reflecting parabolic structure.

[0143] Alternatively, as shown in FIG36 , the waveguide structure may specifically be a waveguide slot array structure.

[0144] 34 to 36 , the dotted arrows represent the approximate propagation paths of electromagnetic waves in the feeding cavity 300. The three feeding structures are well known and will not be described in detail here.

[0145] In addition, as shown in Figures 30 and 37 , in the examples provided herein, antenna 10 further includes a matching absorption structure 40. Matching absorption structure 40 is disposed at the second end of waveguide cavity 100 (the right end in the figure). Matching absorption structure 40 is used to absorb electromagnetic waves at the second end, thereby reducing echo reflections and ensuring the operating performance of antenna 10.

[0146] Specifically, after an electromagnetic wave enters the waveguide cavity 100 from the first end, it propagates toward the second end. Furthermore, during this propagation process, the electromagnetic wave radiates outward through the gap 110. However, in actual applications, not all electromagnetic waves radiate outward from the gap 110. Therefore, the remaining electromagnetic waves can be absorbed by the matching absorption structure 40 to avoid or reduce adverse effects such as echo reflection.

[0147] In specific settings, the type of matching absorbent structure can be various.

[0148] For example, as shown in Figure 37, in one example provided herein, a matching absorption structure 40 includes a waveguide conversion structure 41, a chip resistor 42, and a metal patch 43 disposed on the first surface of a first dielectric substrate 17. One end of the waveguide conversion structure 41 is connected to the first conductive wall 11, enabling impedance matching between the waveguide cavity 100 and the metal patch 43. The chip resistor 42 is connected between the waveguide conversion structure 41 and the metal patch 43 to effectively dissipate energy.

[0149] It is understandable that, in actual applications, the matching absorption structure 40 may also adopt other types that are currently more commonly used, and the present application does not limit the specific type of the matching absorption structure.

[0150] In addition, in the above example, the waveguide cavity 100 is fed by a one-end feeding method.

[0151] For example, as shown in FIG38 , the first end of the waveguide cavity 100 (the left end in FIG38 ) can be connected to the feeding structure 30. Electromagnetic waves in the feeding structure 30 can enter the waveguide cavity 100 from the left end and propagate toward the right end. Furthermore, during the propagation of the electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves can be radiated outward through the gap 110 provided in the first conductive wall 11. A matching absorption structure 40 is provided at the right end of the waveguide cavity 100 to effectively absorb the remaining electromagnetic waves.

[0152] However, in other examples, the waveguide cavity 100 may also be fed using a central feeding method.

[0153] For example, as shown in FIG39 , in another example provided herein, a feeding structure 30 can be provided on one side of the second conductive wall 12 of the waveguide cavity 100. Furthermore, a notch 121 can be provided in the second conductive wall 12 to facilitate docking with the output port of the feeding structure 30. After electromagnetic waves enter the waveguide cavity 100, bidirectional propagation can be achieved. Furthermore, matching absorption structures 40 are provided at both the left and right ends of the waveguide cavity 100.

[0154] During specific configuration, a reasonable selection can be made for the feeding method of the waveguide cavity 100 , which will not be elaborated here.

[0155] In practical applications, the antenna 10 described above can be used in a base station or satellite. Alternatively, the antenna 10 can also be used in terminal devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, vehicles, drones, radars, etc. The antenna 10 can be used to implement wireless signal transmission between different terminal devices, or between a base station and a satellite, or between a base station or satellite and a terminal device. In summary, the antenna 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used in a variety of communication devices that require wireless signal transmission.

[0156] In the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0157] In this application, "plurality" refers to two or more. "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0158] It is understood that the various numbers used in the embodiments of this application are merely for ease of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not necessarily imply a specific order of execution; the order of execution of the processes should be determined by their functions and inherent logic.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a waveguide cavity extending along a first direction, wherein an outer surface of the waveguide cavity comprises a first conductive wall, a second conductive wall, a first side wall and a second side wall: The first conductive wall comprises a plurality of slot pairs arranged along the first direction, and vertical projections of two slots in each slot pair in the second direction overlap; Wherein, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and both are parallel to the first conductive wall; The second conductive wall is arranged opposite to the first conductive wall; The first side wall is connected between the first conductive wall and the second conductive wall; The second side wall is connected between the first conductive wall and the second conductive wall, and each of the gaps is located between the first side wall and the second side wall; Each of the slots includes a conductive substrate and an adjustable element. In each of the slots, one end of the adjustable element is connected to the conductive substrate, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The two slots in each slot pair are symmetrical about the middle plane, and the first side wall and the second side wall are symmetrical about the middle plane; The middle surface is perpendicular to the first conductive wall and parallel to the first direction.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Each of the slots has a bent region or segment, and the length of each of the slots along the first direction is less than 1 / 2λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Each of the slots also includes a capacitor, wherein in each of the slots, one end of the capacitor is connected to the conductive substrate in the slot, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot; And / or, in each of the gaps, a portion of the edge of the conductive substrate has a first protrusion extending toward the edge of the gap, and a portion of the edge of the gap has a second protrusion extending toward the conductive substrate, and the first protrusion and the second protrusion are capacitively coupled.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Each of the slot pairs includes a first slot and a second slot; The first slit is located on one side of the first side wall, and the second slit is located on one side of the second side wall; Wherein, the first slit extends to the first side wall, and the second slit extends to the second side wall; A vertical projection of the conductive substrate in the first gap on the first side wall overlaps with the first side wall, and a vertical projection of the conductive substrate in the second gap on the second side wall overlaps with the second side wall.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The antenna also includes a DC bias circuit; The DC bias circuit is located in the first side wall and the second side wall, and one end of the DC bias circuit is connected to each of the conductive substrates, and the other end extends to a side of the second conductive wall away from the first conductive wall.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The antenna further comprises a first dielectric substrate, wherein the first dielectric substrate comprises a first plate surface and a second plate surface which are arranged opposite to each other; The first conductive wall is disposed on the first plate surface, and the second conductive wall is disposed on the second plate surface; The first dielectric substrate includes a plurality of first metal vias arranged at intervals along a first direction and a plurality of second metal vias arranged at intervals along the first direction; The plurality of first metal vias constitute the first sidewall, and the plurality of second metal vias constitute the second sidewall; The DC bias circuit includes a plurality of first circuits and a plurality of second circuits, and the conductive substrate includes a first conductive substrate disposed in the first gap and a second conductive substrate disposed in the second gap; A plurality of the first circuits correspond one-to-one to a plurality of the first conductive substrates, and a plurality of the second circuits correspond one-to-one to a plurality of the second conductive substrates; A plurality of the first circuits are respectively located between two adjacent first metal vias, and a plurality of the second circuits are respectively located between two adjacent second metal vias.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first circuit and the second circuit are metal vias arranged in the first dielectric substrate. Both the first circuit and the second circuit pass through the second conductive wall. There is a gap between the first circuit and the second conductive wall, and there is a gap between the second circuit and the second conductive wall.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that The antenna also includes a control circuit and a second dielectric substrate; The second dielectric substrate is located on a side of the second conductive wall facing away from the first conductive wall; The DC bias circuit also extends to a side of the second matrix substrate away from the second conductive wall; The control circuit is located on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the second conductive wall and is connected to the DC bias circuit.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The antenna comprises a plurality of the waveguide cavities, and the plurality of the waveguide cavities are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first side wall; Two adjacent waveguide cavities include a common first side wall or a common second side wall.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that: In two adjacent waveguide cavities, the slot pairs are arranged alternately.

12. The antenna according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The antenna further comprises a feeding cavity, wherein the feeding cavity comprises an input port and a plurality of output ports, wherein the plurality of output ports are respectively connected to the first ends of the plurality of waveguide cavities; Wherein, the transmission distances between at least two of the output ports and the input port are different.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that: The waveguide cavity further includes a matching absorption structure, which is arranged at a second end of the waveguide cavity and connected to the first conductive wall, and the first end and the second end are two ends of the waveguide cavity in the first direction respectively; The matching absorption structure is used to absorb electromagnetic waves at the second end.

14. A communication device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a radio frequency circuit and an antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the radio frequency circuit is coupled to the waveguide cavity.

Images